[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163841},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained":3,"nav-reference":2089},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":2082,"extension":2083,"meta":2084,"navigation":296,"path":2085,"seo":2086,"stem":2087,"__hash__":2088},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":2032},"minimark",[9,19,30,37,42,131,137,144,149,152,175,178,182,210,228,243,247,250,309,312,321,324,342,349,352,409,411,420,423,446,449,455,460,465,511,513,522,526,570,572,581,588,594,623,625,634,640,644,658,706,708,717,722,728,733,737,740,791,794,843,845,854,864,868,871,921,926,930,933,976,979,990,994,999,1003,1006,1025,1028,1040,1043,1064,1066,1075,1079,1081,1132,1135,1218,1220,1229,1232,1236,1238,1285,1288,1359,1361,1369,1376,1378,1461,1467,1546,1548,1557,1564,1570,1575,1580,1632,1636,1718,1721,1727,1738,1741,1752,1763,1767,1773,1798,1804,1887,1890,1916,1920,1927,1930,1937,1948,1954,1957,1964,1970,1980,1983,1987,2028],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-sum-function-explained","Python ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"sum()"," Function Explained",[20,21,22,23,25,26,29],"p",{},"The built-in ",[15,24,17],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,27,28],{},"range"," object.",[20,31,32,33,36],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,34,35],{},"start"," value and a few important limits.",[38,39,41],"h2",{"id":40},"quick-example","Quick example",[43,44,49],"pre",{"className":45,"code":46,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n","python","",[15,50,51,91,113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53,56,60,64,68,72,75,78,80,83,85,88],"span",{"class":54,"line":55},"line",1,[52,57,59],{"class":58},"su5hD","numbers ",[52,61,63],{"class":62},"smGrS","=",[52,65,67],{"class":66},"sP7_E"," [",[52,69,71],{"class":70},"srdBf","1",[52,73,74],{"class":66},",",[52,76,77],{"class":70}," 2",[52,79,74],{"class":66},[52,81,82],{"class":70}," 3",[52,84,74],{"class":66},[52,86,87],{"class":70}," 4",[52,89,90],{"class":66},"]\n",[52,92,94,97,99,103,106,110],{"class":54,"line":93},2,[52,95,96],{"class":58},"total ",[52,98,63],{"class":62},[52,100,102],{"class":101},"sptTA"," sum",[52,104,105],{"class":66},"(",[52,107,109],{"class":108},"slqww","numbers",[52,111,112],{"class":66},")\n",[52,114,116,119,121,124,127],{"class":54,"line":115},3,[52,117,118],{"class":101},"print",[52,120,105],{"class":66},[52,122,123],{"class":108},"total",[52,125,126],{"class":66},")",[52,128,130],{"class":129},"sutJx","  # 10\n",[20,132,133,134,136],{},"Use ",[15,135,17],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[38,138,140,141,143],{"id":139},"what-sum-does","What ",[15,142,17],{}," does",[20,145,146,148],{},[15,147,17],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,150,151],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[153,154,155,159,162,168],"ul",{},[156,157,158],"li",{},"Adding numbers in a list",[156,160,161],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[156,163,164,165],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,166,167],{},"range()",[156,169,170,171,174],{},"Counting ",[15,172,173],{},"True"," values in a list of booleans",[20,176,177],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[38,179,181],{"id":180},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[43,183,185],{"className":45,"code":184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,186,187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,188,189,192,194,197,199,203,205,208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,190,191],{"class":101},"sum",[52,193,105],{"class":66},[52,195,196],{"class":108},"iterable",[52,198,74],{"class":66},[52,200,202],{"class":201},"s99_P"," start",[52,204,63],{"class":62},[52,206,207],{"class":70},"0",[52,209,112],{"class":66},[153,211,212,217,222],{},[156,213,214,216],{},[15,215,196],{}," is the group of values to add",[156,218,219,221],{},[15,220,35],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[156,223,224,225],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,226,227],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,229,230,231,234,235,242],{},"If you are new to the word ",[232,233,196],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[236,237,239,241],"a",{"href":238},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,240,167],{}," object",".",[38,244,246],{"id":245},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,248,249],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[43,251,253],{"className":45,"code":252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,254,255,278,292,298],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,256,257,259,261,263,266,268,271,273,276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,258,59],{"class":58},[52,260,63],{"class":62},[52,262,67],{"class":66},[52,264,265],{"class":70},"5",[52,267,74],{"class":66},[52,269,270],{"class":70}," 10",[52,272,74],{"class":66},[52,274,275],{"class":70}," 15",[52,277,90],{"class":66},[52,279,280,282,284,286,288,290],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,281,96],{"class":58},[52,283,63],{"class":62},[52,285,102],{"class":101},[52,287,105],{"class":66},[52,289,109],{"class":108},[52,291,112],{"class":66},[52,293,294],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,295,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},true,"\n",[52,299,301,303,305,307],{"class":54,"line":300},4,[52,302,118],{"class":101},[52,304,105],{"class":66},[52,306,123],{"class":108},[52,308,112],{"class":66},[20,310,311],{},"Output:",[43,313,315],{"className":45,"code":314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"30\n",[15,316,317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,318,319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,320,314],{"class":70},[20,322,323],{},"What happens here:",[153,325,326,331,337],{},[156,327,328,330],{},[15,329,109],{}," contains three integers",[156,332,333,336],{},[15,334,335],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[156,338,339,340],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,341,123],{},[38,343,345,346,348],{"id":344},"using-the-start-value","Using the ",[15,347,35],{}," value",[20,350,351],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[43,353,355],{"className":45,"code":354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,356,357,377,395,399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,358,359,361,363,365,367,369,371,373,375],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,360,59],{"class":58},[52,362,63],{"class":62},[52,364,67],{"class":66},[52,366,71],{"class":70},[52,368,74],{"class":66},[52,370,77],{"class":70},[52,372,74],{"class":66},[52,374,82],{"class":70},[52,376,90],{"class":66},[52,378,379,381,383,385,387,389,391,393],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,380,96],{"class":58},[52,382,63],{"class":62},[52,384,102],{"class":101},[52,386,105],{"class":66},[52,388,109],{"class":108},[52,390,74],{"class":66},[52,392,270],{"class":70},[52,394,112],{"class":66},[52,396,397],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,398,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,400,401,403,405,407],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,402,118],{"class":101},[52,404,105],{"class":66},[52,406,123],{"class":108},[52,408,112],{"class":66},[20,410,311],{},[43,412,414],{"className":45,"code":413,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"16\n",[15,415,416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,417,418],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,419,413],{"class":70},[20,421,422],{},"This works like:",[153,424,425,431,436,441],{},[156,426,427,428],{},"Start at ",[15,429,430],{},"10",[156,432,433,434],{},"Add ",[15,435,71],{},[156,437,433,438],{},[15,439,440],{},"2",[156,442,433,443],{},[15,444,445],{},"3",[20,447,448],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[38,450,140,452,454],{"id":451},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,453,17],{}," can work with",[20,456,457,459],{},[15,458,17],{}," works with numeric values.",[461,462,464],"h3",{"id":463},"integers","Integers",[43,466,468],{"className":45,"code":467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,469,470,495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,471,472,475,477,479,481,483,485,487,489,491,493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,473,474],{"class":58},"values ",[52,476,63],{"class":62},[52,478,67],{"class":66},[52,480,71],{"class":70},[52,482,74],{"class":66},[52,484,77],{"class":70},[52,486,74],{"class":66},[52,488,82],{"class":70},[52,490,74],{"class":66},[52,492,87],{"class":70},[52,494,90],{"class":66},[52,496,497,499,501,503,505,508],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,498,118],{"class":101},[52,500,105],{"class":66},[52,502,191],{"class":101},[52,504,105],{"class":66},[52,506,507],{"class":108},"values",[52,509,510],{"class":66},"))\n",[20,512,311],{},[43,514,516],{"className":45,"code":515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n",[15,517,518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,519,520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,521,515],{"class":70},[461,523,525],{"id":524},"floats","Floats",[43,527,529],{"className":45,"code":528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,530,531,555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,532,533,536,538,540,543,545,548,550,553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,534,535],{"class":58},"prices ",[52,537,63],{"class":62},[52,539,67],{"class":66},[52,541,542],{"class":70},"2.5",[52,544,74],{"class":66},[52,546,547],{"class":70}," 3.75",[52,549,74],{"class":66},[52,551,552],{"class":70}," 1.25",[52,554,90],{"class":66},[52,556,557,559,561,563,565,568],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,558,118],{"class":101},[52,560,105],{"class":66},[52,562,191],{"class":101},[52,564,105],{"class":66},[52,566,567],{"class":108},"prices",[52,569,510],{"class":66},[20,571,311],{},[43,573,575],{"className":45,"code":574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.5\n",[15,576,577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,578,579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,580,574],{"class":70},[20,582,583,584,242],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[236,585,587],{"href":586},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int and float",[461,589,591,592],{"id":590},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,593,167],{},[43,595,597],{"className":45,"code":596,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,598,599],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,600,601,603,605,607,609,611,613,615,617,620],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,602,118],{"class":101},[52,604,105],{"class":66},[52,606,191],{"class":101},[52,608,105],{"class":66},[52,610,28],{"class":101},[52,612,105],{"class":66},[52,614,71],{"class":70},[52,616,74],{"class":66},[52,618,619],{"class":70}," 6",[52,621,622],{"class":66},")))\n",[20,624,311],{},[43,626,628],{"className":45,"code":627,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"15\n",[15,629,630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,631,632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,633,627],{"class":70},[20,635,636,637,242],{},"This adds ",[15,638,639],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[461,641,643],{"id":642},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,645,646,647,649,650,652,653,649,656,242],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,648,173],{}," acts like ",[15,651,71],{}," and ",[15,654,655],{},"False",[15,657,207],{},[43,659,661],{"className":45,"code":660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,662,663,691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,664,665,668,670,672,675,677,680,682,685,687,689],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,666,667],{"class":58},"results ",[52,669,63],{"class":62},[52,671,67],{"class":66},[52,673,173],{"class":674},"s39Yj",[52,676,74],{"class":66},[52,678,679],{"class":674}," False",[52,681,74],{"class":66},[52,683,684],{"class":674}," True",[52,686,74],{"class":66},[52,688,684],{"class":674},[52,690,90],{"class":66},[52,692,693,695,697,699,701,704],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,694,118],{"class":101},[52,696,105],{"class":66},[52,698,191],{"class":101},[52,700,105],{"class":66},[52,702,703],{"class":108},"results",[52,705,510],{"class":66},[20,707,311],{},[43,709,711],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n",[15,712,713],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,714,715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,716,710],{"class":70},[20,718,719,720,242],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,721,173],{},[38,723,140,725,727],{"id":724},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,726,17],{}," does not work with",[20,729,730,732],{},[15,731,17],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[461,734,736],{"id":735},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,738,739],{},"This causes an error:",[43,741,743],{"className":45,"code":742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,744,745,776],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,746,747,750,752,754,758,762,764,766,769,772,774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,748,749],{"class":58},"words ",[52,751,63],{"class":62},[52,753,67],{"class":66},[52,755,757],{"class":756},"sjJ54","\"",[52,759,761],{"class":760},"s_sjI","hello",[52,763,757],{"class":756},[52,765,74],{"class":66},[52,767,768],{"class":756}," \"",[52,770,771],{"class":760},"world",[52,773,757],{"class":756},[52,775,90],{"class":66},[52,777,778,780,782,784,786,789],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,779,118],{"class":101},[52,781,105],{"class":66},[52,783,191],{"class":101},[52,785,105],{"class":66},[52,787,788],{"class":108},"words",[52,790,510],{"class":66},[20,792,793],{},"Use string joining instead:",[43,795,797],{"className":45,"code":796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,798,799,823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,800,801,803,805,807,809,811,813,815,817,819,821],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,802,749],{"class":58},[52,804,63],{"class":62},[52,806,67],{"class":66},[52,808,757],{"class":756},[52,810,761],{"class":760},[52,812,757],{"class":756},[52,814,74],{"class":66},[52,816,768],{"class":756},[52,818,771],{"class":760},[52,820,757],{"class":756},[52,822,90],{"class":66},[52,824,825,827,829,832,834,837,839,841],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,826,118],{"class":101},[52,828,105],{"class":66},[52,830,831],{"class":756},"\"\"",[52,833,242],{"class":66},[52,835,836],{"class":108},"join",[52,838,105],{"class":66},[52,840,788],{"class":108},[52,842,510],{"class":66},[20,844,311],{},[43,846,848],{"className":45,"code":847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"helloworld\n",[15,849,850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,851,852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,853,847],{"class":58},[20,855,856,857,242],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[236,858,860,863],{"href":859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F",[15,861,862],{},"str()"," explained",[461,865,867],{"id":866},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,869,870],{},"This also causes an error:",[43,872,874],{"className":45,"code":873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,875,876,906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,877,878,881,883,886,888,890,892,895,897,899,901,903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,879,880],{"class":58},"lists ",[52,882,63],{"class":62},[52,884,885],{"class":66}," [[",[52,887,71],{"class":70},[52,889,74],{"class":66},[52,891,77],{"class":70},[52,893,894],{"class":66},"],",[52,896,67],{"class":66},[52,898,445],{"class":70},[52,900,74],{"class":66},[52,902,87],{"class":70},[52,904,905],{"class":66},"]]\n",[52,907,908,910,912,914,916,919],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,909,118],{"class":101},[52,911,105],{"class":66},[52,913,191],{"class":101},[52,915,105],{"class":66},[52,917,918],{"class":108},"lists",[52,920,510],{"class":66},[20,922,923,925],{},[15,924,17],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[461,927,929],{"id":928},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,931,932],{},"For example:",[43,934,936],{"className":45,"code":935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,937,938,962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,939,940,942,944,946,948,950,952,954,956,958,960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,941,474],{"class":58},[52,943,63],{"class":62},[52,945,67],{"class":66},[52,947,71],{"class":70},[52,949,74],{"class":66},[52,951,77],{"class":70},[52,953,74],{"class":66},[52,955,768],{"class":756},[52,957,445],{"class":760},[52,959,757],{"class":756},[52,961,90],{"class":66},[52,963,964,966,968,970,972,974],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,965,118],{"class":101},[52,967,105],{"class":66},[52,969,191],{"class":101},[52,971,105],{"class":66},[52,973,507],{"class":108},[52,975,510],{"class":66},[20,977,978],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,980,981,982,985,986,242],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,983,984],{},"\"3\"",", convert them first. See ",[236,987,989],{"href":988},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[38,991,993],{"id":992},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,995,996,997,242],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,998,17],{},[461,1000,1002],{"id":1001},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,1004,1005],{},"This is wrong:",[43,1007,1009],{"className":45,"code":1008,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,1010,1011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1012,1013,1015,1017,1019,1021,1023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1014,118],{"class":101},[52,1016,105],{"class":66},[52,1018,191],{"class":101},[52,1020,105],{"class":66},[52,1022,265],{"class":70},[52,1024,510],{"class":66},[20,1026,1027],{},"Why it fails:",[153,1029,1030,1035],{},[156,1031,1032,1034],{},[15,1033,265],{}," is a single integer",[156,1036,1037,1039],{},[15,1038,17],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,1041,1042],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[43,1044,1046],{"className":45,"code":1045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,1047,1048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1049,1050,1052,1054,1056,1059,1061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1051,118],{"class":101},[52,1053,105],{"class":66},[52,1055,191],{"class":101},[52,1057,1058],{"class":66},"([",[52,1060,265],{"class":70},[52,1062,1063],{"class":66},"]))\n",[20,1065,311],{},[43,1067,1069],{"className":45,"code":1068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n",[15,1070,1071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1072,1073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1074,1068],{"class":70},[461,1076,1078],{"id":1077},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,1080,1005],{},[43,1082,1084],{"className":45,"code":1083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,1085,1086,1118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1087,1088,1090,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104,1106,1108,1110,1112,1114,1116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1089,474],{"class":58},[52,1091,63],{"class":62},[52,1093,67],{"class":66},[52,1095,757],{"class":756},[52,1097,71],{"class":760},[52,1099,757],{"class":756},[52,1101,74],{"class":66},[52,1103,768],{"class":756},[52,1105,440],{"class":760},[52,1107,757],{"class":756},[52,1109,74],{"class":66},[52,1111,768],{"class":756},[52,1113,445],{"class":760},[52,1115,757],{"class":756},[52,1117,90],{"class":66},[52,1119,1120,1122,1124,1126,1128,1130],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1121,118],{"class":101},[52,1123,105],{"class":66},[52,1125,191],{"class":101},[52,1127,105],{"class":66},[52,1129,507],{"class":108},[52,1131,510],{"class":66},[20,1133,1134],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[43,1136,1138],{"className":45,"code":1137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,1139,1140,1172,1208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1141,1142,1144,1146,1148,1150,1152,1154,1156,1158,1160,1162,1164,1166,1168,1170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1143,474],{"class":58},[52,1145,63],{"class":62},[52,1147,67],{"class":66},[52,1149,757],{"class":756},[52,1151,71],{"class":760},[52,1153,757],{"class":756},[52,1155,74],{"class":66},[52,1157,768],{"class":756},[52,1159,440],{"class":760},[52,1161,757],{"class":756},[52,1163,74],{"class":66},[52,1165,768],{"class":756},[52,1167,445],{"class":760},[52,1169,757],{"class":756},[52,1171,90],{"class":66},[52,1173,1174,1176,1178,1180,1182,1186,1188,1191,1193,1197,1200,1203,1206],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1175,96],{"class":58},[52,1177,63],{"class":62},[52,1179,102],{"class":101},[52,1181,105],{"class":66},[52,1183,1185],{"class":1184},"sZMiF","int",[52,1187,105],{"class":66},[52,1189,1190],{"class":108},"x",[52,1192,126],{"class":66},[52,1194,1196],{"class":1195},"sVHd0"," for",[52,1198,1199],{"class":108}," x ",[52,1201,1202],{"class":1195},"in",[52,1204,1205],{"class":108}," values",[52,1207,112],{"class":66},[52,1209,1210,1212,1214,1216],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1211,118],{"class":101},[52,1213,105],{"class":66},[52,1215,123],{"class":108},[52,1217,112],{"class":66},[20,1219,311],{},[43,1221,1223],{"className":45,"code":1222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"6\n",[15,1224,1225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1226,1227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1228,1222],{"class":70},[20,1230,1231],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[461,1233,1235],{"id":1234},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,1237,1005],{},[43,1239,1241],{"className":45,"code":1240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,1242,1243,1271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1244,1245,1247,1249,1251,1253,1255,1257,1259,1261,1263,1265,1267,1269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1246,474],{"class":58},[52,1248,63],{"class":62},[52,1250,67],{"class":66},[52,1252,71],{"class":70},[52,1254,74],{"class":66},[52,1256,77],{"class":70},[52,1258,74],{"class":66},[52,1260,768],{"class":756},[52,1262,445],{"class":760},[52,1264,757],{"class":756},[52,1266,74],{"class":66},[52,1268,87],{"class":70},[52,1270,90],{"class":66},[52,1272,1273,1275,1277,1279,1281,1283],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1274,118],{"class":101},[52,1276,105],{"class":66},[52,1278,191],{"class":101},[52,1280,105],{"class":66},[52,1282,507],{"class":108},[52,1284,510],{"class":66},[20,1286,1287],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[43,1289,1291],{"className":45,"code":1290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,1292,1293,1321,1349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1294,1295,1297,1299,1301,1303,1305,1307,1309,1311,1313,1315,1317,1319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1296,474],{"class":58},[52,1298,63],{"class":62},[52,1300,67],{"class":66},[52,1302,71],{"class":70},[52,1304,74],{"class":66},[52,1306,77],{"class":70},[52,1308,74],{"class":66},[52,1310,768],{"class":756},[52,1312,445],{"class":760},[52,1314,757],{"class":756},[52,1316,74],{"class":66},[52,1318,87],{"class":70},[52,1320,90],{"class":66},[52,1322,1323,1325,1327,1329,1331,1333,1335,1337,1339,1341,1343,1345,1347],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1324,96],{"class":58},[52,1326,63],{"class":62},[52,1328,102],{"class":101},[52,1330,105],{"class":66},[52,1332,1185],{"class":1184},[52,1334,105],{"class":66},[52,1336,1190],{"class":108},[52,1338,126],{"class":66},[52,1340,1196],{"class":1195},[52,1342,1199],{"class":108},[52,1344,1202],{"class":1195},[52,1346,1205],{"class":108},[52,1348,112],{"class":66},[52,1350,1351,1353,1355,1357],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1352,118],{"class":101},[52,1354,105],{"class":66},[52,1356,123],{"class":108},[52,1358,112],{"class":66},[20,1360,311],{},[43,1362,1363],{"className":45,"code":515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,1364,1365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1366,1367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1368,515],{"class":70},[461,1370,1372,1373,1375],{"id":1371},"using-sum-to-join-text","Using ",[15,1374,17],{}," to join text",[20,1377,1005],{},[43,1379,1381],{"className":45,"code":1380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,1382,1383,1446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1384,1385,1388,1390,1392,1394,1397,1399,1401,1403,1406,1408,1410,1412,1415,1417,1419,1421,1424,1426,1428,1430,1433,1435,1437,1439,1442,1444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1386,1387],{"class":58},"letters ",[52,1389,63],{"class":62},[52,1391,67],{"class":66},[52,1393,757],{"class":756},[52,1395,1396],{"class":760},"P",[52,1398,757],{"class":756},[52,1400,74],{"class":66},[52,1402,768],{"class":756},[52,1404,1405],{"class":760},"y",[52,1407,757],{"class":756},[52,1409,74],{"class":66},[52,1411,768],{"class":756},[52,1413,1414],{"class":760},"t",[52,1416,757],{"class":756},[52,1418,74],{"class":66},[52,1420,768],{"class":756},[52,1422,1423],{"class":760},"h",[52,1425,757],{"class":756},[52,1427,74],{"class":66},[52,1429,768],{"class":756},[52,1431,1432],{"class":760},"o",[52,1434,757],{"class":756},[52,1436,74],{"class":66},[52,1438,768],{"class":756},[52,1440,1441],{"class":760},"n",[52,1443,757],{"class":756},[52,1445,90],{"class":66},[52,1447,1448,1450,1452,1454,1456,1459],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1449,118],{"class":101},[52,1451,105],{"class":66},[52,1453,191],{"class":101},[52,1455,105],{"class":66},[52,1457,1458],{"class":108},"letters",[52,1460,510],{"class":66},[20,1462,133,1463,1466],{},[15,1464,1465],{},"join()"," instead:",[43,1468,1470],{"className":45,"code":1469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,1471,1472,1528],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1473,1474,1476,1478,1480,1482,1484,1486,1488,1490,1492,1494,1496,1498,1500,1502,1504,1506,1508,1510,1512,1514,1516,1518,1520,1522,1524,1526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1475,1387],{"class":58},[52,1477,63],{"class":62},[52,1479,67],{"class":66},[52,1481,757],{"class":756},[52,1483,1396],{"class":760},[52,1485,757],{"class":756},[52,1487,74],{"class":66},[52,1489,768],{"class":756},[52,1491,1405],{"class":760},[52,1493,757],{"class":756},[52,1495,74],{"class":66},[52,1497,768],{"class":756},[52,1499,1414],{"class":760},[52,1501,757],{"class":756},[52,1503,74],{"class":66},[52,1505,768],{"class":756},[52,1507,1423],{"class":760},[52,1509,757],{"class":756},[52,1511,74],{"class":66},[52,1513,768],{"class":756},[52,1515,1432],{"class":760},[52,1517,757],{"class":756},[52,1519,74],{"class":66},[52,1521,768],{"class":756},[52,1523,1441],{"class":760},[52,1525,757],{"class":756},[52,1527,90],{"class":66},[52,1529,1530,1532,1534,1536,1538,1540,1542,1544],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1531,118],{"class":101},[52,1533,105],{"class":66},[52,1535,831],{"class":756},[52,1537,242],{"class":66},[52,1539,836],{"class":108},[52,1541,105],{"class":66},[52,1543,1458],{"class":108},[52,1545,510],{"class":66},[20,1547,311],{},[43,1549,1551],{"className":45,"code":1550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python\n",[15,1552,1553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1554,1555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1556,1550],{"class":58},[20,1558,1559,1560,242],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[236,1561,1563],{"href":1562},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F","TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[38,1565,1567,1569],{"id":1566},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,1568,17],{}," vs manual loop",[20,1571,1572,1574],{},[15,1573,17],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[461,1576,1372,1578],{"id":1577},"using-sum",[15,1579,17],{},[43,1581,1583],{"className":45,"code":1582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,1584,1585,1608,1622],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1586,1587,1589,1591,1593,1596,1598,1601,1603,1606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1588,59],{"class":58},[52,1590,63],{"class":62},[52,1592,67],{"class":66},[52,1594,1595],{"class":70},"4",[52,1597,74],{"class":66},[52,1599,1600],{"class":70}," 7",[52,1602,74],{"class":66},[52,1604,1605],{"class":70}," 9",[52,1607,90],{"class":66},[52,1609,1610,1612,1614,1616,1618,1620],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1611,96],{"class":58},[52,1613,63],{"class":62},[52,1615,102],{"class":101},[52,1617,105],{"class":66},[52,1619,109],{"class":108},[52,1621,112],{"class":66},[52,1623,1624,1626,1628,1630],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1625,118],{"class":101},[52,1627,105],{"class":66},[52,1629,123],{"class":108},[52,1631,112],{"class":66},[461,1633,1635],{"id":1634},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[43,1637,1639],{"className":45,"code":1638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,1640,1641,1661,1670,1674,1690,1702,1707],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1642,1643,1645,1647,1649,1651,1653,1655,1657,1659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1644,59],{"class":58},[52,1646,63],{"class":62},[52,1648,67],{"class":66},[52,1650,1595],{"class":70},[52,1652,74],{"class":66},[52,1654,1600],{"class":70},[52,1656,74],{"class":66},[52,1658,1605],{"class":70},[52,1660,90],{"class":66},[52,1662,1663,1665,1667],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1664,96],{"class":58},[52,1666,63],{"class":62},[52,1668,1669],{"class":70}," 0\n",[52,1671,1672],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1673,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,1675,1676,1679,1682,1684,1687],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,1677,1678],{"class":1195},"for",[52,1680,1681],{"class":58}," number ",[52,1683,1202],{"class":1195},[52,1685,1686],{"class":58}," numbers",[52,1688,1689],{"class":66},":\n",[52,1691,1693,1696,1699],{"class":54,"line":1692},5,[52,1694,1695],{"class":58},"    total ",[52,1697,1698],{"class":62},"+=",[52,1700,1701],{"class":58}," number\n",[52,1703,1705],{"class":54,"line":1704},6,[52,1706,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,1708,1710,1712,1714,1716],{"class":54,"line":1709},7,[52,1711,118],{"class":101},[52,1713,105],{"class":66},[52,1715,123],{"class":108},[52,1717,112],{"class":66},[20,1719,1720],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,1722,1723,1724,1726],{},"Why ",[15,1725,17],{}," is often better:",[153,1728,1729,1732,1735],{},[156,1730,1731],{},"Shorter code",[156,1733,1734],{},"Easier to read",[156,1736,1737],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,1739,1740],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[153,1742,1743,1746,1749],{},[156,1744,1745],{},"You need to skip some values",[156,1747,1748],{},"You need extra checks",[156,1750,1751],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,1753,1754,1755,1759,1760,1762],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[236,1756,1758],{"href":1757},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F","filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,1761,17],{}," on the filtered result.",[38,1764,1766],{"id":1765},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[20,1768,1769,1770,1772],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,1771,17],{},":",[153,1774,1775,1781,1788,1795],{},[156,1776,1777,1778],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,1779,1780],{},"sum(5)",[156,1782,1783,1784,1787],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,1785,1786],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[156,1789,1372,1790,1792,1793],{},[15,1791,17],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,1794,1465],{},[156,1796,1797],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,1799,1800,1801,1803],{},"If ",[15,1802,17],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[43,1805,1807],{"className":45,"code":1806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,1808,1809,1819,1834,1859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,1810,1811,1813,1815,1817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,1812,118],{"class":101},[52,1814,105],{"class":66},[52,1816,507],{"class":108},[52,1818,112],{"class":66},[52,1820,1821,1823,1825,1828,1830,1832],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,1822,118],{"class":101},[52,1824,105],{"class":66},[52,1826,1827],{"class":1184},"type",[52,1829,105],{"class":66},[52,1831,507],{"class":108},[52,1833,510],{"class":66},[52,1835,1836,1838,1840,1842,1844,1846,1848,1850,1852,1854,1856],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,1837,118],{"class":101},[52,1839,1058],{"class":66},[52,1841,1827],{"class":1184},[52,1843,105],{"class":66},[52,1845,1190],{"class":108},[52,1847,126],{"class":66},[52,1849,1196],{"class":1195},[52,1851,1199],{"class":108},[52,1853,1202],{"class":1195},[52,1855,1205],{"class":108},[52,1857,1858],{"class":66},"])\n",[52,1860,1861,1863,1865,1867,1869,1871,1873,1875,1877,1879,1881,1883,1885],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,1862,118],{"class":101},[52,1864,105],{"class":66},[52,1866,191],{"class":101},[52,1868,1058],{"class":66},[52,1870,1185],{"class":1184},[52,1872,105],{"class":66},[52,1874,1190],{"class":108},[52,1876,126],{"class":66},[52,1878,1196],{"class":1195},[52,1880,1199],{"class":108},[52,1882,1202],{"class":1195},[52,1884,1205],{"class":108},[52,1886,1063],{"class":66},[20,1888,1889],{},"What these checks do:",[153,1891,1892,1898,1904,1910],{},[156,1893,1894,1897],{},[15,1895,1896],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[156,1899,1900,1903],{},[15,1901,1902],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[156,1905,1906,1909],{},[15,1907,1908],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])"," shows the type of each item",[156,1911,1912,1915],{},[15,1913,1914],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[38,1917,1919],{"id":1918},"faq","FAQ",[461,1921,1923,1924,1926],{"id":1922},"what-does-sum-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1925,17],{}," return in Python?",[20,1928,1929],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[461,1931,1933,1934,1936],{"id":1932},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python","Can ",[15,1935,17],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,1938,1939,1940,1943,1944,1947],{},"No. Use ",[15,1941,1942],{},"''.join(...)"," or ",[15,1945,1946],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[461,1949,1933,1951,1953],{"id":1950},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,1952,17],{}," work with floats?",[20,1955,1956],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[461,1958,1960,1961,1963],{"id":1959},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,1962,17],{},"?",[20,1965,1966,1967,1969],{},"It is the optional ",[15,1968,35],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[461,1971,1973,1974,1976,1977,1963],{"id":1972},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror","Why does ",[15,1975,17],{}," give a ",[15,1978,1979],{},"TypeError",[20,1981,1982],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[38,1984,1986],{"id":1985},"see-also","See also",[153,1988,1989,1993,2000,2008,2014,2019,2024],{},[156,1990,1991],{},[236,1992,587],{"href":586},[156,1994,1995],{},[236,1996,13,1997,1999],{"href":238},[15,1998,167],{}," function explained",[156,2001,2002],{},[236,2003,13,2005,1999],{"href":2004},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,2006,2007],{},"len()",[156,2009,2010],{},[236,2011,13,2012,1999],{"href":859},[15,2013,862],{},[156,2015,2016],{},[236,2017,2018],{"href":1757},"How to filter a list in Python",[156,2020,2021],{},[236,2022,2023],{"href":988},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[156,2025,2026],{},[236,2027,1563],{"href":1562},[2029,2030,2031],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":2033},[2034,2035,2037,2038,2039,2041,2049,2055,2062,2068,2069,2081],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":139,"depth":93,"text":2036},"What sum() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":344,"depth":93,"text":2040},"Using the start value",{"id":451,"depth":93,"text":2042,"children":2043},"What sum() can work with",[2044,2045,2046,2048],{"id":463,"depth":115,"text":464},{"id":524,"depth":115,"text":525},{"id":590,"depth":115,"text":2047},"Values from range()",{"id":642,"depth":115,"text":643},{"id":724,"depth":93,"text":2050,"children":2051},"What sum() does not work with",[2052,2053,2054],{"id":735,"depth":115,"text":736},{"id":866,"depth":115,"text":867},{"id":928,"depth":115,"text":929},{"id":992,"depth":93,"text":993,"children":2056},[2057,2058,2059,2060],{"id":1001,"depth":115,"text":1002},{"id":1077,"depth":115,"text":1078},{"id":1234,"depth":115,"text":1235},{"id":1371,"depth":115,"text":2061},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":1566,"depth":93,"text":2063,"children":2064},"sum() vs manual loop",[2065,2067],{"id":1577,"depth":115,"text":2066},"Using sum()",{"id":1634,"depth":115,"text":1635},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":2070},[2071,2073,2075,2077,2079],{"id":1922,"depth":115,"text":2072},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":1932,"depth":115,"text":2074},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":1950,"depth":115,"text":2076},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":1959,"depth":115,"text":2078},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":1972,"depth":115,"text":2080},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":5,"description":2082},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",[2090,3673,5367,7054,9196,11399,12916,15094,17301,19760,21599,24165,26262,28543,30490,32401,34398,35838,37660,40181,42335,43562,44933,46581,48899,50743,52722,54414,55667,57360,59111,61078,62828,64927,66286,68237,69800,71790,73585,75485,77926,80004,82644,84671,86634,88822,90823,93136,94818,96263,97457,98635,100475,102915,104619,106634,108158,109403,110566,111948,114018,115915,117689,119554,121673,123413,124875,126469,128392,130069,132004,133493,136270,137847,139406,141434,143386,144849,146038,147744,149155,150851,152405,153827,155230,157128,159522,161353],{"id":2091,"title":2092,"body":2093,"description":3667,"extension":2083,"meta":3668,"navigation":296,"path":3669,"seo":3670,"stem":3671,"__hash__":3672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":2094,"toc":3639},[2095,2098,2105,2108,2119,2122,2124,2188,2190,2210,2215,2219,2224,2227,2242,2245,2270,2273,2275,2278,2293,2296,2322,2325,2385,2387,2402,2412,2423,2427,2430,2483,2485,2504,2507,2531,2537,2541,2546,2552,2554,2591,2593,2602,2607,2624,2627,2639,2643,2648,2652,2655,2676,2678,2736,2738,2746,2749,2753,2784,2786,2794,2797,2801,2806,2854,2856,2864,2868,2928,2930,2938,2941,2943,2947,2949,2972,2981,2996,3046,3048,3062,3071,3075,3078,3105,3111,3115,3120,3161,3163,3174,3177,3220,3222,3230,3234,3239,3261,3263,3272,3281,3285,3290,3312,3314,3384,3386,3438,3441,3444,3447,3527,3529,3560,3562,3566,3569,3573,3576,3580,3583,3587,3599,3603,3606,3608,3636],[10,2096,2092],{"id":2097},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,2099,2100,2101,2104],{},"The ",[15,2102,2103],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2106,2107],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[153,2109,2110,2113,2116],{},[156,2111,2112],{},"a number without its negative sign",[156,2114,2115],{},"the distance between two numbers",[156,2117,2118],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,2120,2121],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[38,2123,41],{"id":40},[43,2125,2127],{"className":45,"code":2126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,2128,2129,2148,2163],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2130,2131,2133,2135,2138,2140,2143,2146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2132,118],{"class":101},[52,2134,105],{"class":66},[52,2136,2137],{"class":101},"abs",[52,2139,105],{"class":66},[52,2141,2142],{"class":62},"-",[52,2144,2145],{"class":70},"7",[52,2147,510],{"class":66},[52,2149,2150,2152,2154,2156,2158,2161],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2151,118],{"class":101},[52,2153,105],{"class":66},[52,2155,2137],{"class":101},[52,2157,105],{"class":66},[52,2159,2160],{"class":70},"3.5",[52,2162,510],{"class":66},[52,2164,2165,2167,2169,2171,2173,2175,2177,2180,2182,2186],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2166,118],{"class":101},[52,2168,105],{"class":66},[52,2170,2137],{"class":101},[52,2172,105],{"class":66},[52,2174,2142],{"class":62},[52,2176,440],{"class":70},[52,2178,2179],{"class":62},"+",[52,2181,445],{"class":70},[52,2183,2185],{"class":2184},"sbsja","j",[52,2187,510],{"class":66},[20,2189,311],{},[43,2191,2193],{"className":45,"code":2192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,2194,2195,2200,2205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2196,2197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2198,2199],{"class":70},"7\n",[52,2201,2202],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2203,2204],{"class":70},"3.5\n",[52,2206,2207],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2208,2209],{"class":70},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,2211,133,2212,2214],{},[15,2213,2103],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[38,2216,2218],{"id":2217},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,2220,2221,2223],{},[15,2222,2103],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,2225,2226],{},"That means:",[153,2228,2229,2232,2235],{},[156,2230,2231],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[156,2233,2234],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[156,2236,2237,2239,2240],{},[15,2238,207],{}," stays ",[15,2241,207],{},[20,2243,2244],{},"Examples:",[153,2246,2247,2255,2263],{},[156,2248,2249,2252,2253],{},[15,2250,2251],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,2254,265],{},[156,2256,2257,2252,2260],{},[15,2258,2259],{},"abs(9)",[15,2261,2262],{},"9",[156,2264,2265,2252,2268],{},[15,2266,2267],{},"abs(0)",[15,2269,207],{},[20,2271,2272],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[38,2274,181],{"id":180},[20,2276,2277],{},"The syntax is:",[43,2279,2281],{"className":45,"code":2280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(x)\n",[15,2282,2283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2284,2285,2287,2289,2291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2286,2137],{"class":101},[52,2288,105],{"class":66},[52,2290,1190],{"class":108},[52,2292,112],{"class":66},[20,2294,2295],{},"Here:",[153,2297,2298,2314,2319],{},[156,2299,2300,2302,2303,2305,2306,2309,2310,2313],{},[15,2301,1190],{}," is usually an ",[15,2304,1185],{},", ",[15,2307,2308],{},"float",", or ",[15,2311,2312],{},"complex"," number",[156,2315,2316,2318],{},[15,2317,2103],{}," returns a new value",[156,2320,2321],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,2323,2324],{},"Example:",[43,2326,2328],{"className":45,"code":2327,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,2329,2330,2343,2360,2364,2374],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2331,2332,2335,2337,2340],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2333,2334],{"class":58},"number ",[52,2336,63],{"class":62},[52,2338,2339],{"class":62}," -",[52,2341,2342],{"class":70},"12\n",[52,2344,2345,2348,2350,2353,2355,2358],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2346,2347],{"class":58},"result ",[52,2349,63],{"class":62},[52,2351,2352],{"class":101}," abs",[52,2354,105],{"class":66},[52,2356,2357],{"class":108},"number",[52,2359,112],{"class":66},[52,2361,2362],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2363,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,2365,2366,2368,2370,2372],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,2367,118],{"class":101},[52,2369,105],{"class":66},[52,2371,2357],{"class":108},[52,2373,112],{"class":66},[52,2375,2376,2378,2380,2383],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,2377,118],{"class":101},[52,2379,105],{"class":66},[52,2381,2382],{"class":108},"result",[52,2384,112],{"class":66},[20,2386,311],{},[43,2388,2390],{"className":45,"code":2389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-12\n12\n",[15,2391,2392,2398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2393,2394,2396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2395,2142],{"class":62},[52,2397,2342],{"class":70},[52,2399,2400],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2401,2342],{"class":70},[20,2403,2404,2405,2407,2408,2411],{},"Notice that ",[15,2406,2357],{}," is still ",[15,2409,2410],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,2413,2414,2415,2422],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[236,2416,2418,2421],{"href":2417},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,2419,2420],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[38,2424,2426],{"id":2425},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,2428,2429],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[43,2431,2433],{"className":45,"code":2432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,2434,2435,2451,2466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2436,2437,2439,2441,2443,2445,2447,2449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2438,118],{"class":101},[52,2440,105],{"class":66},[52,2442,2137],{"class":101},[52,2444,105],{"class":66},[52,2446,2142],{"class":62},[52,2448,430],{"class":70},[52,2450,510],{"class":66},[52,2452,2453,2455,2457,2459,2461,2464],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2454,118],{"class":101},[52,2456,105],{"class":66},[52,2458,2137],{"class":101},[52,2460,105],{"class":66},[52,2462,2463],{"class":70},"8",[52,2465,510],{"class":66},[52,2467,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2478,2481],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2469,118],{"class":101},[52,2471,105],{"class":66},[52,2473,2137],{"class":101},[52,2475,105],{"class":66},[52,2477,2142],{"class":62},[52,2479,2480],{"class":70},"4.2",[52,2482,510],{"class":66},[20,2484,311],{},[43,2486,2488],{"className":45,"code":2487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,2489,2490,2494,2499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2491,2492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2493,515],{"class":70},[52,2495,2496],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2497,2498],{"class":70},"8\n",[52,2500,2501],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2502,2503],{"class":70},"4.2\n",[20,2505,2506],{},"What each line does:",[153,2508,2509,2517,2524],{},[156,2510,2511,2514,2515],{},[15,2512,2513],{},"abs(-10)"," returns ",[15,2516,430],{},[156,2518,2519,2514,2522],{},[15,2520,2521],{},"abs(8)",[15,2523,2463],{},[156,2525,2526,2514,2529],{},[15,2527,2528],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2530,2480],{},[20,2532,2533,2534,242],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[236,2535,2536],{"href":586},"Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[38,2538,2540],{"id":2539},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2542,2543,2545],{},[15,2544,2103],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2547,2548,2549,2551],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2550,207],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2553,2324],{},[43,2555,2557],{"className":45,"code":2556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2558,2559,2576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2560,2561,2564,2566,2568,2571,2573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2562,2563],{"class":58},"value ",[52,2565,63],{"class":62},[52,2567,82],{"class":70},[52,2569,2570],{"class":62}," +",[52,2572,87],{"class":70},[52,2574,2575],{"class":2184},"j\n",[52,2577,2578,2580,2582,2584,2586,2589],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2579,118],{"class":101},[52,2581,105],{"class":66},[52,2583,2137],{"class":101},[52,2585,105],{"class":66},[52,2587,2588],{"class":108},"value",[52,2590,510],{"class":66},[20,2592,311],{},[43,2594,2596],{"className":45,"code":2595,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n",[15,2597,2598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2599,2600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2601,2595],{"class":70},[20,2603,1723,2604,1963],{},[15,2605,2606],{},"5.0",[153,2608,2609,2614,2619],{},[156,2610,2611,2612],{},"the real part is ",[15,2613,445],{},[156,2615,2616,2617],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2618,1595],{},[156,2620,2621,2622],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2623,2606],{},[20,2625,2626],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[153,2628,2629,2636],{},[156,2630,2631,2633,2634],{},[15,2632,2103],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2635,2308],{},[156,2637,2638],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[38,2640,2642],{"id":2641},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2644,2645,2646,242],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2647,2103],{},[461,2649,2651],{"id":2650},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2653,2654],{},"A very common pattern is:",[43,2656,2658],{"className":45,"code":2657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2659,2660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2661,2662,2664,2666,2669,2671,2674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2663,2137],{"class":101},[52,2665,105],{"class":66},[52,2667,2668],{"class":108},"a ",[52,2670,2142],{"class":62},[52,2672,2673],{"class":108}," b",[52,2675,112],{"class":66},[20,2677,2324],{},[43,2679,2681],{"className":45,"code":2680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2682,2683,2692,2702,2706,2725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2684,2685,2687,2689],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2686,2668],{"class":58},[52,2688,63],{"class":62},[52,2690,2691],{"class":70}," 3\n",[52,2693,2694,2697,2699],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2695,2696],{"class":58},"b ",[52,2698,63],{"class":62},[52,2700,2701],{"class":70}," 10\n",[52,2703,2704],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2705,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,2707,2708,2711,2713,2715,2717,2719,2721,2723],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,2709,2710],{"class":58},"distance ",[52,2712,63],{"class":62},[52,2714,2352],{"class":101},[52,2716,105],{"class":66},[52,2718,2668],{"class":108},[52,2720,2142],{"class":62},[52,2722,2673],{"class":108},[52,2724,112],{"class":66},[52,2726,2727,2729,2731,2734],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,2728,118],{"class":101},[52,2730,105],{"class":66},[52,2732,2733],{"class":108},"distance",[52,2735,112],{"class":66},[20,2737,311],{},[43,2739,2740],{"className":45,"code":2199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2741,2742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2743,2744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2745,2199],{"class":70},[20,2747,2748],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[461,2750,2752],{"id":2751},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[43,2754,2756],{"className":45,"code":2755,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2757,2758,2769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2759,2760,2763,2765,2767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2761,2762],{"class":58},"temperature_change ",[52,2764,63],{"class":62},[52,2766,2339],{"class":62},[52,2768,1222],{"class":70},[52,2770,2771,2773,2775,2777,2779,2782],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2772,118],{"class":101},[52,2774,105],{"class":66},[52,2776,2137],{"class":101},[52,2778,105],{"class":66},[52,2780,2781],{"class":108},"temperature_change",[52,2783,510],{"class":66},[20,2785,311],{},[43,2787,2788],{"className":45,"code":1222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2789,2790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2791,2792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2793,1222],{"class":70},[20,2795,2796],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[461,2798,2800],{"id":2799},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2802,2803,2804,2422],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2805,2103],{},[43,2807,2809],{"className":45,"code":2808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2810,2811,2823,2839,2843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2812,2813,2816,2818,2820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2814,2815],{"class":58},"balance_change ",[52,2817,63],{"class":62},[52,2819,2339],{"class":62},[52,2821,2822],{"class":70},"25\n",[52,2824,2825,2828,2830,2832,2834,2837],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2826,2827],{"class":58},"safe_value ",[52,2829,63],{"class":62},[52,2831,2352],{"class":101},[52,2833,105],{"class":66},[52,2835,2836],{"class":108},"balance_change",[52,2838,112],{"class":66},[52,2840,2841],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2842,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,2844,2845,2847,2849,2852],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,2846,118],{"class":101},[52,2848,105],{"class":66},[52,2850,2851],{"class":108},"safe_value",[52,2853,112],{"class":66},[20,2855,311],{},[43,2857,2858],{"className":45,"code":2822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2859,2860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2861,2862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2863,2822],{"class":70},[461,2865,2867],{"id":2866},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[43,2869,2871],{"className":45,"code":2870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2872,2873,2883,2893,2897,2917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2874,2875,2878,2880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2876,2877],{"class":58},"guess ",[52,2879,63],{"class":62},[52,2881,2882],{"class":70}," 42\n",[52,2884,2885,2888,2890],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,2886,2887],{"class":58},"target ",[52,2889,63],{"class":62},[52,2891,2892],{"class":70}," 50\n",[52,2894,2895],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,2896,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,2898,2899,2902,2904,2906,2908,2910,2912,2915],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,2900,2901],{"class":58},"difference ",[52,2903,63],{"class":62},[52,2905,2352],{"class":101},[52,2907,105],{"class":66},[52,2909,2877],{"class":108},[52,2911,2142],{"class":62},[52,2913,2914],{"class":108}," target",[52,2916,112],{"class":66},[52,2918,2919,2921,2923,2926],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,2920,118],{"class":101},[52,2922,105],{"class":66},[52,2924,2925],{"class":108},"difference",[52,2927,112],{"class":66},[20,2929,311],{},[43,2931,2932],{"className":45,"code":2498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,2933,2934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2935,2936],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2937,2498],{"class":70},[20,2939,2940],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[38,2942,1766],{"id":1765},[461,2944,2946],{"id":2945},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2948,739],{},[43,2950,2952],{"className":45,"code":2951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2953,2954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,2955,2956,2958,2960,2962,2964,2966,2968,2970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,2957,118],{"class":101},[52,2959,105],{"class":66},[52,2961,2137],{"class":101},[52,2963,105],{"class":66},[52,2965,757],{"class":756},[52,2967,265],{"class":760},[52,2969,757],{"class":756},[52,2971,510],{"class":66},[20,2973,2974,2977,2978,2980],{},[15,2975,2976],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2979,2103],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2982,2983,2984,1943,2990,1772],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[236,2985,2987],{"href":2986},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2988,2989],{},"int()",[236,2991,2993],{"href":2992},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2994,2995],{},"float()",[43,2997,2999],{"className":45,"code":2998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,3000,3001,3023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3002,3003,3005,3007,3009,3011,3013,3015,3017,3019,3021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3004,118],{"class":101},[52,3006,105],{"class":66},[52,3008,2137],{"class":101},[52,3010,105],{"class":66},[52,3012,1185],{"class":1184},[52,3014,105],{"class":66},[52,3016,757],{"class":756},[52,3018,265],{"class":760},[52,3020,757],{"class":756},[52,3022,622],{"class":66},[52,3024,3025,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035,3037,3039,3042,3044],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3026,118],{"class":101},[52,3028,105],{"class":66},[52,3030,2137],{"class":101},[52,3032,105],{"class":66},[52,3034,2308],{"class":1184},[52,3036,105],{"class":66},[52,3038,757],{"class":756},[52,3040,3041],{"class":760},"-3.2",[52,3043,757],{"class":756},[52,3045,622],{"class":66},[20,3047,311],{},[43,3049,3051],{"className":45,"code":3050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n3.2\n",[15,3052,3053,3057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3054,3055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3056,1068],{"class":70},[52,3058,3059],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3060,3061],{"class":70},"3.2\n",[20,3063,3064,3065,3068,3069,242],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,3066,3067],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[236,3070,989],{"href":988},[461,3072,3074],{"id":3073},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,3076,3077],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[43,3079,3081],{"className":45,"code":3080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,3082,3083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3084,3085,3087,3089,3091,3093,3095,3097,3099,3101,3103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3086,118],{"class":101},[52,3088,105],{"class":66},[52,3090,2137],{"class":101},[52,3092,1058],{"class":66},[52,3094,71],{"class":70},[52,3096,74],{"class":66},[52,3098,77],{"class":70},[52,3100,74],{"class":66},[52,3102,82],{"class":70},[52,3104,1063],{"class":66},[20,3106,3107,3108,3110],{},"This raises a ",[15,3109,1979],{}," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[461,3112,3114],{"id":3113},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,3116,3117,3119],{},[15,3118,2103],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[43,3121,3123],{"className":45,"code":3122,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3124,3125,3137,3147,3151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3126,3127,3130,3132,3134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3128,3129],{"class":58},"x ",[52,3131,63],{"class":62},[52,3133,2339],{"class":62},[52,3135,3136],{"class":70},"9\n",[52,3138,3139,3141,3143,3145],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3140,2137],{"class":101},[52,3142,105],{"class":66},[52,3144,1190],{"class":108},[52,3146,112],{"class":66},[52,3148,3149],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3150,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,3152,3153,3155,3157,3159],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,3154,118],{"class":101},[52,3156,105],{"class":66},[52,3158,1190],{"class":108},[52,3160,112],{"class":66},[20,3162,311],{},[43,3164,3166],{"className":45,"code":3165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-9\n",[15,3167,3168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3169,3170,3172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3171,2142],{"class":62},[52,3173,3136],{"class":70},[20,3175,3176],{},"If you want to store the result:",[43,3178,3180],{"className":45,"code":3179,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,3181,3182,3192,3206,3210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3183,3184,3186,3188,3190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3185,3129],{"class":58},[52,3187,63],{"class":62},[52,3189,2339],{"class":62},[52,3191,3136],{"class":70},[52,3193,3194,3196,3198,3200,3202,3204],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3195,3129],{"class":58},[52,3197,63],{"class":62},[52,3199,2352],{"class":101},[52,3201,105],{"class":66},[52,3203,1190],{"class":108},[52,3205,112],{"class":66},[52,3207,3208],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3209,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,3211,3212,3214,3216,3218],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,3213,118],{"class":101},[52,3215,105],{"class":66},[52,3217,1190],{"class":108},[52,3219,112],{"class":66},[20,3221,311],{},[43,3223,3224],{"className":45,"code":3136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,3225,3226],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3227,3228],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3229,3136],{"class":70},[461,3231,3233],{"id":3232},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,3235,3236,3238],{},[15,3237,2103],{}," does not round numbers.",[43,3240,3242],{"className":45,"code":3241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,3243,3244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3245,3246,3248,3250,3252,3254,3256,3259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3247,118],{"class":101},[52,3249,105],{"class":66},[52,3251,2137],{"class":101},[52,3253,105],{"class":66},[52,3255,2142],{"class":62},[52,3257,3258],{"class":70},"4.7",[52,3260,510],{"class":66},[20,3262,311],{},[43,3264,3266],{"className":45,"code":3265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.7\n",[15,3267,3268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3269,3270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3271,3265],{"class":70},[20,3273,3274,3275,3277,3278,3280],{},"If you expected ",[15,3276,265],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,3279,2103],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[38,3282,3284],{"id":3283},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,3286,3287,3289],{},[15,3288,2103],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[153,3291,3292,3299,3306],{},[156,3293,3294,3296,3297],{},[15,3295,1185],{}," input → returns an ",[15,3298,1185],{},[156,3300,3301,3303,3304],{},[15,3302,2308],{}," input → returns a ",[15,3305,2308],{},[156,3307,3308,3303,3310],{},[15,3309,2312],{},[15,3311,2308],{},[20,3313,2324],{},[43,3315,3317],{"className":45,"code":3316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,3318,3319,3339,3360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3320,3321,3323,3325,3327,3329,3331,3333,3335,3337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3322,118],{"class":101},[52,3324,105],{"class":66},[52,3326,1827],{"class":1184},[52,3328,105],{"class":66},[52,3330,2137],{"class":101},[52,3332,105],{"class":66},[52,3334,2142],{"class":62},[52,3336,265],{"class":70},[52,3338,622],{"class":66},[52,3340,3341,3343,3345,3347,3349,3351,3353,3355,3358],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3342,118],{"class":101},[52,3344,105],{"class":66},[52,3346,1827],{"class":1184},[52,3348,105],{"class":66},[52,3350,2137],{"class":101},[52,3352,105],{"class":66},[52,3354,2142],{"class":62},[52,3356,3357],{"class":70},"3.2",[52,3359,622],{"class":66},[52,3361,3362,3364,3366,3368,3370,3372,3374,3376,3378,3380,3382],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3363,118],{"class":101},[52,3365,105],{"class":66},[52,3367,1827],{"class":1184},[52,3369,105],{"class":66},[52,3371,2137],{"class":101},[52,3373,105],{"class":66},[52,3375,445],{"class":70},[52,3377,2570],{"class":62},[52,3379,87],{"class":70},[52,3381,2185],{"class":2184},[52,3383,622],{"class":66},[20,3385,311],{},[43,3387,3389],{"className":45,"code":3388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,3390,3391,3410,3424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3392,3393,3396,3399,3402,3404,3407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3394,3395],{"class":62},"\u003C",[52,3397,3398],{"class":2184},"class",[52,3400,3401],{"class":756}," '",[52,3403,1185],{"class":760},[52,3405,3406],{"class":756},"'",[52,3408,3409],{"class":62},">\n",[52,3411,3412,3414,3416,3418,3420,3422],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3413,3395],{"class":62},[52,3415,3398],{"class":2184},[52,3417,3401],{"class":756},[52,3419,2308],{"class":760},[52,3421,3406],{"class":756},[52,3423,3409],{"class":62},[52,3425,3426,3428,3430,3432,3434,3436],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3427,3395],{"class":62},[52,3429,3398],{"class":2184},[52,3431,3401],{"class":756},[52,3433,2308],{"class":760},[52,3435,3406],{"class":756},[52,3437,3409],{"class":62},[20,3439,3440],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,3442,3443],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,3445,3446],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[43,3448,3450],{"className":45,"code":3449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,3451,3452,3466,3476,3490,3494,3508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3453,3454,3456,3458,3460,3463],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3455,2563],{"class":58},[52,3457,63],{"class":62},[52,3459,768],{"class":756},[52,3461,3462],{"class":760},"-5",[52,3464,3465],{"class":756},"\"\n",[52,3467,3468,3470,3472,3474],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3469,118],{"class":101},[52,3471,105],{"class":66},[52,3473,2588],{"class":108},[52,3475,112],{"class":66},[52,3477,3478,3480,3482,3484,3486,3488],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3479,118],{"class":101},[52,3481,105],{"class":66},[52,3483,1827],{"class":1184},[52,3485,105],{"class":66},[52,3487,2588],{"class":108},[52,3489,510],{"class":66},[52,3491,3492],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,3493,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,3495,3496,3499,3501,3503,3506],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,3497,3498],{"class":58},"user_input ",[52,3500,63],{"class":62},[52,3502,768],{"class":756},[52,3504,3505],{"class":760},"-3.7",[52,3507,3465],{"class":756},[52,3509,3510,3512,3514,3516,3518,3520,3522,3525],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,3511,118],{"class":101},[52,3513,105],{"class":66},[52,3515,2137],{"class":101},[52,3517,105],{"class":66},[52,3519,2308],{"class":1184},[52,3521,105],{"class":66},[52,3523,3524],{"class":108},"user_input",[52,3526,622],{"class":66},[20,3528,311],{},[43,3530,3532],{"className":45,"code":3531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3533,3534,3540,3555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3535,3536,3538],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3537,2142],{"class":62},[52,3539,1068],{"class":70},[52,3541,3542,3544,3546,3548,3551,3553],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3543,3395],{"class":62},[52,3545,3398],{"class":2184},[52,3547,3401],{"class":756},[52,3549,3550],{"class":760},"str",[52,3552,3406],{"class":756},[52,3554,3409],{"class":62},[52,3556,3557],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3558,3559],{"class":70},"3.7\n",[38,3561,1919],{"id":1918},[461,3563,3565],{"id":3564},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3567,3568],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[461,3570,3572],{"id":3571},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3574,3575],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[461,3577,3579],{"id":3578},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3581,3582],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[461,3584,3586],{"id":3585},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3588,3589,3591,3592,1943,3594,3596,3597,242],{},[15,3590,3067],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3593,2989],{},[15,3595,2995],{}," before using ",[15,3598,2103],{},[461,3600,3602],{"id":3601},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3604,3605],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[38,3607,1986],{"id":1985},[153,3609,3610,3616,3622,3628,3632],{},[156,3611,3612],{},[236,3613,3614,1999],{"href":2986},[15,3615,2989],{},[156,3617,3618],{},[236,3619,3620,1999],{"href":2992},[15,3621,2995],{},[156,3623,3624],{},[236,3625,3626,1999],{"href":2417},[15,3627,2420],{},[156,3629,3630],{},[236,3631,2023],{"href":988},[156,3633,3634],{},[236,3635,2536],{"href":586},[2029,3637,3638],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":3640},[3641,3642,3643,3644,3645,3646,3652,3658,3659,3666],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":2217,"depth":93,"text":2218},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":2425,"depth":93,"text":2426},{"id":2539,"depth":93,"text":2540},{"id":2641,"depth":93,"text":2642,"children":3647},[3648,3649,3650,3651],{"id":2650,"depth":115,"text":2651},{"id":2751,"depth":115,"text":2752},{"id":2799,"depth":115,"text":2800},{"id":2866,"depth":115,"text":2867},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":3653},[3654,3655,3656,3657],{"id":2945,"depth":115,"text":2946},{"id":3073,"depth":115,"text":3074},{"id":3113,"depth":115,"text":3114},{"id":3232,"depth":115,"text":3233},{"id":3283,"depth":93,"text":3284},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":3660},[3661,3662,3663,3664,3665],{"id":3564,"depth":115,"text":3565},{"id":3571,"depth":115,"text":3572},{"id":3578,"depth":115,"text":3579},{"id":3585,"depth":115,"text":3586},{"id":3601,"depth":115,"text":3602},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":2092,"description":3667},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3674,"title":3675,"body":3676,"description":5361,"extension":2083,"meta":5362,"navigation":296,"path":5363,"seo":5364,"stem":5365,"__hash__":5366},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3677,"toc":5325},[3678,3684,3690,3693,3709,3713,3766,3775,3780,3784,3803,3806,3822,3825,3829,3837,3855,3858,3898,3901,3908,3914,3983,3985,4015,4021,4025,4029,4068,4070,4079,4086,4090,4129,4131,4140,4150,4154,4208,4210,4218,4221,4224,4271,4273,4281,4287,4294,4299,4302,4305,4371,4373,4381,4384,4451,4453,4461,4475,4478,4489,4493,4499,4502,4504,4520,4522,4530,4533,4536,4539,4556,4559,4562,4592,4594,4607,4611,4615,4617,4632,4637,4640,4667,4674,4677,4717,4724,4730,4738,4741,4793,4800,4865,4870,4879,4882,4900,4906,4909,5051,5057,5062,5065,5076,5079,5135,5137,5145,5148,5207,5209,5217,5220,5231,5233,5238,5247,5255,5258,5264,5267,5276,5289,5291,5322],[10,3679,13,3681,18],{"id":3680},"python-all-function-explained",[15,3682,3683],{},"all()",[20,3685,3686,3687,3689],{},"Python’s ",[15,3688,3683],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3691,3692],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[153,3694,3695,3698,3701],{},[156,3696,3697],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[156,3699,3700],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[156,3702,3703,2514,3706,3708],{},[15,3704,3705],{},"all([])",[15,3707,173],{},", which often seems strange at first",[38,3710,3712],{"id":3711},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[43,3714,3716],{"className":45,"code":3715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3717,3718,3738,3753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3719,3720,3722,3724,3726,3728,3730,3732,3734,3736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3721,59],{"class":58},[52,3723,63],{"class":62},[52,3725,67],{"class":66},[52,3727,71],{"class":70},[52,3729,74],{"class":66},[52,3731,77],{"class":70},[52,3733,74],{"class":66},[52,3735,82],{"class":70},[52,3737,90],{"class":66},[52,3739,3740,3742,3744,3747,3749,3751],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3741,2347],{"class":58},[52,3743,63],{"class":62},[52,3745,3746],{"class":101}," all",[52,3748,105],{"class":66},[52,3750,109],{"class":108},[52,3752,112],{"class":66},[52,3754,3755,3757,3759,3761,3763],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3756,118],{"class":101},[52,3758,105],{"class":66},[52,3760,2382],{"class":108},[52,3762,126],{"class":66},[52,3764,3765],{"class":129},"  # True\n",[20,3767,3768,2514,3770,3772,3773,242],{},[15,3769,3683],{},[15,3771,173],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3774,655],{},[38,3776,140,3778,143],{"id":3777},"what-all-does",[15,3779,3683],{},[20,3781,3782,1772],{},[15,3783,3683],{},[153,3785,3786,3789,3795,3800],{},[156,3787,3788],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[156,3790,3791,3792,3794],{},"returns ",[15,3793,173],{}," if all items are truthy",[156,3796,3791,3797,3799],{},[15,3798,655],{}," if any item is falsy",[156,3801,3802],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3804,3805],{},"Basic syntax:",[43,3807,3809],{"className":45,"code":3808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3810,3811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3812,3813,3816,3818,3820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3814,3815],{"class":101},"all",[52,3817,105],{"class":66},[52,3819,196],{"class":108},[52,3821,112],{"class":66},[20,3823,3824],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[38,3826,3828],{"id":3827},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3830,3831,3832,1943,3834,3836],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3833,173],{},[15,3835,655],{}," in conditions.",[153,3838,3839,3848],{},[156,3840,3841,3845,3846],{},[3842,3843,3844],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3847,173],{},[156,3849,3850,3845,3853],{},[3842,3851,3852],{},"Falsy",[15,3854,655],{},[20,3856,3857],{},"Common falsy values include:",[153,3859,3860,3864,3869,3874,3879,3883,3888,3893],{},[156,3861,3862],{},[15,3863,207],{},[156,3865,3866],{},[15,3867,3868],{},"0.0",[156,3870,3871],{},[15,3872,3873],{},"''",[156,3875,3876],{},[15,3877,3878],{},"None",[156,3880,3881],{},[15,3882,655],{},[156,3884,3885],{},[15,3886,3887],{},"[]",[156,3889,3890],{},[15,3891,3892],{},"{}",[156,3894,3895],{},[15,3896,3897],{},"set()",[20,3899,3900],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3902,3903,3904,242],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[236,3905,3907],{"href":3906},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3909,3910,3911,1772],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3912,3913],{},"bool()",[43,3915,3917],{"className":45,"code":3916,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3918,3919,3954,3958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3920,3921,3923,3925,3927,3929,3931,3934,3936,3939,3941,3943,3945,3947,3949,3952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3922,474],{"class":58},[52,3924,63],{"class":62},[52,3926,67],{"class":66},[52,3928,71],{"class":70},[52,3930,74],{"class":66},[52,3932,3933],{"class":70}," 0",[52,3935,74],{"class":66},[52,3937,3938],{"class":756}," ''",[52,3940,74],{"class":66},[52,3942,3401],{"class":756},[52,3944,761],{"class":760},[52,3946,3406],{"class":756},[52,3948,74],{"class":66},[52,3950,3951],{"class":674}," None",[52,3953,90],{"class":66},[52,3955,3956],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,3957,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,3959,3960,3962,3964,3967,3969,3971,3973,3975,3977,3979,3981],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,3961,118],{"class":101},[52,3963,1058],{"class":66},[52,3965,3966],{"class":1184},"bool",[52,3968,105],{"class":66},[52,3970,1190],{"class":108},[52,3972,126],{"class":66},[52,3974,1196],{"class":1195},[52,3976,1199],{"class":108},[52,3978,1202],{"class":1195},[52,3980,1205],{"class":108},[52,3982,1858],{"class":66},[20,3984,311],{},[43,3986,3988],{"className":45,"code":3987,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3989,3990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,3991,3992,3995,3997,3999,4001,4003,4005,4007,4009,4011,4013],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,3993,3994],{"class":66},"[",[52,3996,173],{"class":674},[52,3998,74],{"class":66},[52,4000,679],{"class":674},[52,4002,74],{"class":66},[52,4004,679],{"class":674},[52,4006,74],{"class":66},[52,4008,684],{"class":674},[52,4010,74],{"class":66},[52,4012,679],{"class":674},[52,4014,90],{"class":66},[20,4016,4017,4018,4020],{},"This matters because ",[15,4019,3683],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[38,4022,4024],{"id":4023},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[461,4026,4028],{"id":4027},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[43,4030,4032],{"className":45,"code":4031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4033,4034,4054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4035,4036,4038,4040,4042,4044,4046,4048,4050,4052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4037,59],{"class":58},[52,4039,63],{"class":62},[52,4041,67],{"class":66},[52,4043,71],{"class":70},[52,4045,74],{"class":66},[52,4047,77],{"class":70},[52,4049,74],{"class":66},[52,4051,82],{"class":70},[52,4053,90],{"class":66},[52,4055,4056,4058,4060,4062,4064,4066],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4057,118],{"class":101},[52,4059,105],{"class":66},[52,4061,3815],{"class":101},[52,4063,105],{"class":66},[52,4065,109],{"class":108},[52,4067,510],{"class":66},[20,4069,311],{},[43,4071,4073],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n",[15,4074,4075],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4076,4077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4078,4072],{"class":674},[20,4080,4081,4082,2514,4084,242],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,4083,3683],{},[15,4085,173],{},[461,4087,4089],{"id":4088},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[43,4091,4093],{"className":45,"code":4092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4094,4095,4115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4096,4097,4099,4101,4103,4105,4107,4109,4111,4113],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4098,59],{"class":58},[52,4100,63],{"class":62},[52,4102,67],{"class":66},[52,4104,71],{"class":70},[52,4106,74],{"class":66},[52,4108,3933],{"class":70},[52,4110,74],{"class":66},[52,4112,82],{"class":70},[52,4114,90],{"class":66},[52,4116,4117,4119,4121,4123,4125,4127],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4118,118],{"class":101},[52,4120,105],{"class":66},[52,4122,3815],{"class":101},[52,4124,105],{"class":66},[52,4126,109],{"class":108},[52,4128,510],{"class":66},[20,4130,311],{},[43,4132,4134],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\n",[15,4135,4136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4137,4138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4139,4133],{"class":674},[20,4141,4142,4143,4145,4146,2514,4148,242],{},"The value ",[15,4144,207],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,4147,3683],{},[15,4149,655],{},[461,4151,4153],{"id":4152},"example-strings","Example: strings",[43,4155,4157],{"className":45,"code":4156,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4158,4159,4194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4160,4161,4163,4165,4167,4169,4172,4174,4176,4178,4181,4183,4185,4187,4190,4192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4162,749],{"class":58},[52,4164,63],{"class":62},[52,4166,67],{"class":66},[52,4168,3406],{"class":756},[52,4170,4171],{"class":760},"apple",[52,4173,3406],{"class":756},[52,4175,74],{"class":66},[52,4177,3401],{"class":756},[52,4179,4180],{"class":760},"banana",[52,4182,3406],{"class":756},[52,4184,74],{"class":66},[52,4186,3401],{"class":756},[52,4188,4189],{"class":760},"cherry",[52,4191,3406],{"class":756},[52,4193,90],{"class":66},[52,4195,4196,4198,4200,4202,4204,4206],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4197,118],{"class":101},[52,4199,105],{"class":66},[52,4201,3815],{"class":101},[52,4203,105],{"class":66},[52,4205,788],{"class":108},[52,4207,510],{"class":66},[20,4209,311],{},[43,4211,4212],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4213,4214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4215,4216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4217,4072],{"class":674},[20,4219,4220],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,4222,4223],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[43,4225,4227],{"className":45,"code":4226,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,4228,4229,4257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4230,4231,4233,4235,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247,4249,4251,4253,4255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4232,749],{"class":58},[52,4234,63],{"class":62},[52,4236,67],{"class":66},[52,4238,3406],{"class":756},[52,4240,4171],{"class":760},[52,4242,3406],{"class":756},[52,4244,74],{"class":66},[52,4246,3938],{"class":756},[52,4248,74],{"class":66},[52,4250,3401],{"class":756},[52,4252,4189],{"class":760},[52,4254,3406],{"class":756},[52,4256,90],{"class":66},[52,4258,4259,4261,4263,4265,4267,4269],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4260,118],{"class":101},[52,4262,105],{"class":66},[52,4264,3815],{"class":101},[52,4266,105],{"class":66},[52,4268,788],{"class":108},[52,4270,510],{"class":66},[20,4272,311],{},[43,4274,4275],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4276,4277],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4278,4279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4280,4133],{"class":674},[20,4282,4283,4284,4286],{},"The empty string ",[15,4285,3873],{}," is falsy.",[38,4288,4290,4291,4293],{"id":4289},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,4292,3683],{}," works with conditions",[20,4295,4296,4298],{},[15,4297,3683],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,4300,4301],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,4303,4304],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[43,4306,4308],{"className":45,"code":4307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4309,4310,4330,4357,4361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4311,4312,4314,4316,4318,4320,4322,4324,4326,4328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4313,59],{"class":58},[52,4315,63],{"class":62},[52,4317,67],{"class":66},[52,4319,71],{"class":70},[52,4321,74],{"class":66},[52,4323,77],{"class":70},[52,4325,74],{"class":66},[52,4327,82],{"class":70},[52,4329,90],{"class":66},[52,4331,4332,4334,4336,4338,4340,4342,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4333,2347],{"class":58},[52,4335,63],{"class":62},[52,4337,3746],{"class":101},[52,4339,105],{"class":66},[52,4341,3129],{"class":108},[52,4343,4344],{"class":62},">",[52,4346,3933],{"class":70},[52,4348,1196],{"class":1195},[52,4350,1199],{"class":108},[52,4352,1202],{"class":1195},[52,4354,1686],{"class":108},[52,4356,112],{"class":66},[52,4358,4359],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,4360,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,4362,4363,4365,4367,4369],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,4364,118],{"class":101},[52,4366,105],{"class":66},[52,4368,2382],{"class":108},[52,4370,112],{"class":66},[20,4372,311],{},[43,4374,4375],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4376,4377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4378,4379],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4380,4072],{"class":674},[20,4382,4383],{},"Here is one that fails:",[43,4385,4387],{"className":45,"code":4386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,4388,4389,4411,4437,4441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4390,4391,4393,4395,4397,4399,4401,4403,4405,4407,4409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4392,59],{"class":58},[52,4394,63],{"class":62},[52,4396,67],{"class":66},[52,4398,71],{"class":70},[52,4400,74],{"class":66},[52,4402,2339],{"class":62},[52,4404,440],{"class":70},[52,4406,74],{"class":66},[52,4408,82],{"class":70},[52,4410,90],{"class":66},[52,4412,4413,4415,4417,4419,4421,4423,4425,4427,4429,4431,4433,4435],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4414,2347],{"class":58},[52,4416,63],{"class":62},[52,4418,3746],{"class":101},[52,4420,105],{"class":66},[52,4422,3129],{"class":108},[52,4424,4344],{"class":62},[52,4426,3933],{"class":70},[52,4428,1196],{"class":1195},[52,4430,1199],{"class":108},[52,4432,1202],{"class":1195},[52,4434,1686],{"class":108},[52,4436,112],{"class":66},[52,4438,4439],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,4440,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,4442,4443,4445,4447,4449],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,4444,118],{"class":101},[52,4446,105],{"class":66},[52,4448,2382],{"class":108},[52,4450,112],{"class":66},[20,4452,311],{},[43,4454,4455],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4456,4457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4458,4459],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4460,4133],{"class":674},[20,4462,4463,4464,4467,4468,4470,4471,2514,4473,242],{},"The expression ",[15,4465,4466],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4469,173],{},", then ",[15,4472,3683],{},[15,4474,173],{},[20,4476,4477],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4479,4480,4481,652,4485,242],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[236,4482,4484],{"href":4483},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[236,4486,4488],{"href":4487},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[38,4490,4492],{"id":4491},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4494,4495,2514,4497,242],{},[15,4496,3705],{},[15,4498,173],{},[20,4500,4501],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4503,2324],{},[43,4505,4507],{"className":45,"code":4506,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4508,4509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4510,4511,4513,4515,4517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4512,118],{"class":101},[52,4514,105],{"class":66},[52,4516,3815],{"class":101},[52,4518,4519],{"class":66},"([]))\n",[20,4521,311],{},[43,4523,4524],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4525,4526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4527,4528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4529,4072],{"class":674},[20,4531,4532],{},"Why?",[20,4534,4535],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4537,4538],{},"Think of it this way:",[153,4540,4541,4548,4551],{},[156,4542,4543,2514,4545,4547],{},[15,4544,3683],{},[15,4546,655],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[156,4549,4550],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[156,4552,4553,4554],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4555,655],{},[20,4557,4558],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4560,4561],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[43,4563,4565],{"className":45,"code":4564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4566,4567,4578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4568,4569,4571,4573,4575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4570,118],{"class":101},[52,4572,105],{"class":66},[52,4574,3815],{"class":101},[52,4576,4577],{"class":66},"(()))\n",[52,4579,4580,4582,4584,4586,4588,4590],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4581,118],{"class":101},[52,4583,105],{"class":66},[52,4585,3815],{"class":101},[52,4587,105],{"class":66},[52,4589,3873],{"class":756},[52,4591,510],{"class":66},[20,4593,311],{},[43,4595,4597],{"className":45,"code":4596,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4598,4599,4603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4600,4601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4602,4072],{"class":674},[52,4604,4605],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4606,4072],{"class":674},[38,4608,4610],{"id":4609},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[461,4612,4614],{"id":4613},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4616,1005],{},[43,4618,4620],{"className":45,"code":4619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4621,4622,4627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4623,4624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4625,4626],{"class":129},"# Wrong\n",[52,4628,4629],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4630,4631],{"class":129},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4633,4634,4636],{},[15,4635,3683],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4638,4639],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[43,4641,4643],{"className":45,"code":4642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4644,4645],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4646,4647,4649,4651,4653,4655,4657,4659,4661,4663,4665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4648,118],{"class":101},[52,4650,105],{"class":66},[52,4652,3815],{"class":101},[52,4654,1058],{"class":66},[52,4656,71],{"class":70},[52,4658,74],{"class":66},[52,4660,77],{"class":70},[52,4662,74],{"class":66},[52,4664,82],{"class":70},[52,4666,1063],{"class":66},[461,4668,4670,4671,4673],{"id":4669},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4672,3683],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4675,4676],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[43,4678,4680],{"className":45,"code":4679,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4681,4682,4703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4683,4684,4686,4688,4690,4692,4694,4697,4699,4701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4685,59],{"class":58},[52,4687,63],{"class":62},[52,4689,67],{"class":66},[52,4691,265],{"class":70},[52,4693,74],{"class":66},[52,4695,4696],{"class":70}," 5",[52,4698,74],{"class":66},[52,4700,4696],{"class":70},[52,4702,90],{"class":66},[52,4704,4705,4707,4709,4711,4713,4715],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4706,118],{"class":101},[52,4708,105],{"class":66},[52,4710,3815],{"class":101},[52,4712,105],{"class":66},[52,4714,109],{"class":108},[52,4716,510],{"class":66},[20,4718,4719,4720,4723],{},"This does ",[3842,4721,4722],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4725,4726,4727,4729],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4728,265],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[43,4731,4732],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,4733,4734],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4735,4736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4737,4072],{"class":674},[20,4739,4740],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[43,4742,4744],{"className":45,"code":4743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4745,4746,4766],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4747,4748,4750,4752,4754,4756,4758,4760,4762,4764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4749,59],{"class":58},[52,4751,63],{"class":62},[52,4753,67],{"class":66},[52,4755,265],{"class":70},[52,4757,74],{"class":66},[52,4759,4696],{"class":70},[52,4761,74],{"class":66},[52,4763,4696],{"class":70},[52,4765,90],{"class":66},[52,4767,4768,4770,4772,4774,4776,4778,4781,4783,4785,4787,4789,4791],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4769,118],{"class":101},[52,4771,105],{"class":66},[52,4773,3815],{"class":101},[52,4775,105],{"class":66},[52,4777,3129],{"class":108},[52,4779,4780],{"class":62},"==",[52,4782,4696],{"class":70},[52,4784,1196],{"class":1195},[52,4786,1199],{"class":108},[52,4788,1202],{"class":1195},[52,4790,1686],{"class":108},[52,4792,510],{"class":66},[461,4794,4796,4797,4799],{"id":4795},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4798,207],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[43,4801,4803],{"className":45,"code":4802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4804,4805,4831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4806,4807,4809,4811,4813,4815,4817,4819,4821,4823,4825,4828],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4808,118],{"class":101},[52,4810,105],{"class":66},[52,4812,3815],{"class":101},[52,4814,1058],{"class":66},[52,4816,71],{"class":70},[52,4818,74],{"class":66},[52,4820,77],{"class":70},[52,4822,74],{"class":66},[52,4824,3933],{"class":70},[52,4826,4827],{"class":66},"]))",[52,4829,4830],{"class":129},"       # False\n",[52,4832,4833,4835,4837,4839,4841,4843,4845,4847,4849,4851,4854,4856,4858,4860,4862],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4834,118],{"class":101},[52,4836,105],{"class":66},[52,4838,3815],{"class":101},[52,4840,1058],{"class":66},[52,4842,3406],{"class":756},[52,4844,236],{"class":760},[52,4846,3406],{"class":756},[52,4848,74],{"class":66},[52,4850,3401],{"class":756},[52,4852,4853],{"class":760},"b",[52,4855,3406],{"class":756},[52,4857,74],{"class":66},[52,4859,3938],{"class":756},[52,4861,4827],{"class":66},[52,4863,4864],{"class":129},"  # False\n",[20,4866,4867,4868,242],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4869,655],{},[461,4871,4873,4874,4876,4877],{"id":4872},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4875,3705],{}," is ",[15,4878,173],{},[20,4880,4881],{},"This is expected behavior:",[43,4883,4885],{"className":45,"code":4884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4886,4887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4888,4889,4891,4893,4895,4898],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4890,118],{"class":101},[52,4892,105],{"class":66},[52,4894,3815],{"class":101},[52,4896,4897],{"class":66},"([]))",[52,4899,3765],{"class":129},[20,4901,4902,4903,4905],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4904,173],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4907,4908],{},"Useful quick tests:",[43,4910,4912],{"className":45,"code":4911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4913,4914,4936,4958,5005,5041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,4915,4916,4918,4920,4922,4924,4926,4928,4930,4932,4934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,4917,118],{"class":101},[52,4919,105],{"class":66},[52,4921,3815],{"class":101},[52,4923,1058],{"class":66},[52,4925,71],{"class":70},[52,4927,74],{"class":66},[52,4929,77],{"class":70},[52,4931,74],{"class":66},[52,4933,82],{"class":70},[52,4935,1063],{"class":66},[52,4937,4938,4940,4942,4944,4946,4948,4950,4952,4954,4956],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,4939,118],{"class":101},[52,4941,105],{"class":66},[52,4943,3815],{"class":101},[52,4945,1058],{"class":66},[52,4947,71],{"class":70},[52,4949,74],{"class":66},[52,4951,3933],{"class":70},[52,4953,74],{"class":66},[52,4955,82],{"class":70},[52,4957,1063],{"class":66},[52,4959,4960,4962,4964,4966,4968,4970,4972,4974,4976,4978,4980,4982,4984,4986,4988,4990,4992,4994,4996,4998,5000,5002],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,4961,118],{"class":101},[52,4963,1058],{"class":66},[52,4965,3966],{"class":1184},[52,4967,105],{"class":66},[52,4969,1190],{"class":108},[52,4971,126],{"class":66},[52,4973,1196],{"class":1195},[52,4975,1199],{"class":108},[52,4977,1202],{"class":1195},[52,4979,67],{"class":66},[52,4981,71],{"class":70},[52,4983,74],{"class":66},[52,4985,3933],{"class":70},[52,4987,74],{"class":66},[52,4989,3938],{"class":756},[52,4991,74],{"class":66},[52,4993,3401],{"class":756},[52,4995,761],{"class":760},[52,4997,3406],{"class":756},[52,4999,74],{"class":66},[52,5001,3951],{"class":674},[52,5003,5004],{"class":66},"]])\n",[52,5006,5007,5009,5011,5013,5015,5017,5019,5021,5023,5025,5027,5029,5031,5033,5035,5037,5039],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,5008,118],{"class":101},[52,5010,105],{"class":66},[52,5012,3815],{"class":101},[52,5014,105],{"class":66},[52,5016,3129],{"class":108},[52,5018,4344],{"class":62},[52,5020,3933],{"class":70},[52,5022,1196],{"class":1195},[52,5024,1199],{"class":108},[52,5026,1202],{"class":1195},[52,5028,67],{"class":66},[52,5030,71],{"class":70},[52,5032,74],{"class":66},[52,5034,77],{"class":70},[52,5036,74],{"class":66},[52,5038,82],{"class":70},[52,5040,1063],{"class":66},[52,5042,5043,5045,5047,5049],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,5044,118],{"class":101},[52,5046,105],{"class":66},[52,5048,3815],{"class":101},[52,5050,4519],{"class":66},[38,5052,5054,5055],{"id":5053},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,5056,3683],{},[20,5058,5059,5061],{},[15,5060,3683],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,5063,5064],{},"Common use cases:",[153,5066,5067,5070,5073],{},[156,5068,5069],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[156,5071,5072],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[156,5074,5075],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,5077,5078],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[43,5080,5082],{"className":45,"code":5081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,5083,5084,5120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5085,5086,5089,5091,5093,5095,5098,5100,5102,5104,5107,5109,5111,5113,5116,5118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5087,5088],{"class":58},"names ",[52,5090,63],{"class":62},[52,5092,67],{"class":66},[52,5094,3406],{"class":756},[52,5096,5097],{"class":760},"Alice",[52,5099,3406],{"class":756},[52,5101,74],{"class":66},[52,5103,3401],{"class":756},[52,5105,5106],{"class":760},"Bob",[52,5108,3406],{"class":756},[52,5110,74],{"class":66},[52,5112,3401],{"class":756},[52,5114,5115],{"class":760},"Charlie",[52,5117,3406],{"class":756},[52,5119,90],{"class":66},[52,5121,5122,5124,5126,5128,5130,5133],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5123,118],{"class":101},[52,5125,105],{"class":66},[52,5127,3815],{"class":101},[52,5129,105],{"class":66},[52,5131,5132],{"class":108},"names",[52,5134,510],{"class":66},[20,5136,311],{},[43,5138,5139],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5140,5141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5142,5143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5144,4072],{"class":674},[20,5146,5147],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[43,5149,5151],{"className":45,"code":5150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,5152,5153,5177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5154,5155,5158,5160,5162,5165,5167,5170,5172,5175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5156,5157],{"class":58},"scores ",[52,5159,63],{"class":62},[52,5161,67],{"class":66},[52,5163,5164],{"class":70},"75",[52,5166,74],{"class":66},[52,5168,5169],{"class":70}," 80",[52,5171,74],{"class":66},[52,5173,5174],{"class":70}," 50",[52,5176,90],{"class":66},[52,5178,5179,5181,5183,5185,5187,5190,5193,5195,5197,5200,5202,5205],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5180,118],{"class":101},[52,5182,105],{"class":66},[52,5184,3815],{"class":101},[52,5186,105],{"class":66},[52,5188,5189],{"class":108},"score ",[52,5191,5192],{"class":62},">=",[52,5194,5174],{"class":70},[52,5196,1196],{"class":1195},[52,5198,5199],{"class":108}," score ",[52,5201,1202],{"class":1195},[52,5203,5204],{"class":108}," scores",[52,5206,510],{"class":66},[20,5208,311],{},[43,5210,5211],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5212,5213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5214,5215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5216,4072],{"class":674},[20,5218,5219],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,5221,5222,5223,652,5227,242],{},"For related tasks, see ",[236,5224,5226],{"href":5225},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[236,5228,5230],{"href":5229},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[38,5232,1919],{"id":1918},[461,5234,1923,5236,1926],{"id":5235},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,5237,3683],{},[20,5239,5240,5241,5243,5244,5246],{},"It returns ",[15,5242,173],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,5245,655],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[461,5248,1973,5250,5252,5253,1963],{"id":5249},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,5251,3705],{}," return ",[15,5254,173],{},[20,5256,5257],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[461,5259,1933,5261,5263],{"id":5260},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,5262,3683],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,5265,5266],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[461,5268,5270,5271,652,5273,1963],{"id":5269},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any","What is the difference between ",[15,5272,3683],{},[15,5274,5275],{},"any()",[20,5277,5278,5280,5281,5283,5284,242],{},[15,5279,3683],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,5282,5275],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[236,5285,13,5287,1999],{"href":5286},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,5288,5275],{},[38,5290,1986],{"id":1985},[153,5292,5293,5299,5303,5308,5312,5317],{},[156,5294,5295],{},[236,5296,13,5297,1999],{"href":5286},[15,5298,5275],{},[156,5300,5301],{},[236,5302,3907],{"href":3906},[156,5304,5305],{},[236,5306,5307],{"href":5229},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[156,5309,5310],{},[236,5311,2018],{"href":5225},[156,5313,5314],{},[236,5315,5316],{"href":4483},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[156,5318,5319],{},[236,5320,5321],{"href":4487},"What is an iterable in Python",[2029,5323,5324],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":5326},[5327,5328,5330,5331,5336,5338,5339,5348,5350,5360],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":3777,"depth":93,"text":5329},"What all() does",{"id":3827,"depth":93,"text":3828},{"id":4023,"depth":93,"text":4024,"children":5332},[5333,5334,5335],{"id":4027,"depth":115,"text":4028},{"id":4088,"depth":115,"text":4089},{"id":4152,"depth":115,"text":4153},{"id":4289,"depth":93,"text":5337},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4491,"depth":93,"text":4492},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":5340},[5341,5342,5344,5346],{"id":4613,"depth":115,"text":4614},{"id":4669,"depth":115,"text":5343},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4795,"depth":115,"text":5345},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4872,"depth":115,"text":5347},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":5053,"depth":93,"text":5349},"When to use all()",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":5351},[5352,5354,5356,5358],{"id":5235,"depth":115,"text":5353},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":5249,"depth":115,"text":5355},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":5260,"depth":115,"text":5357},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":5269,"depth":115,"text":5359},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3675,"description":5361},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":5368,"title":5369,"body":5370,"description":7049,"extension":2083,"meta":7050,"navigation":296,"path":5286,"seo":7051,"stem":7052,"__hash__":7053},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":5371,"toc":7027},[5372,5375,5383,5386,5402,5410,5453,5462,5466,5471,5474,5491,5494,5505,5517,5521,5524,5539,5544,5547,5559,5561,5646,5649,5670,5676,5678,5686,5700,5702,5736,5738,5741,5802,5804,5821,5824,5851,5853,5861,5872,5876,5879,5918,5920,5928,5930,5946,5954,5957,6000,6002,6010,6015,6019,6027,6030,6056,6059,6062,6134,6136,6144,6151,6175,6186,6189,6268,6270,6278,6285,6289,6294,6309,6311,6319,6322,6328,6331,6376,6378,6395,6399,6404,6415,6418,6530,6533,6592,6598,6600,6605,6607,6609,6628,6634,6636,6655,6659,6668,6695,6697,6705,6713,6717,6723,6746,6748,6756,6763,6767,6770,6821,6824,6875,6878,6880,6884,6891,6895,6902,6906,6914,6918,6921,6943,6945,6995,6997,7024],[10,5373,5369],{"id":5374},"python-any-function-explained",[20,5376,5377,5379,5380,242],{},[15,5378,5275],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3842,5381,5382],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,5384,5385],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[153,5387,5388,5390,5393,5396,5399],{},[156,5389,918],{},[156,5391,5392],{},"tuples",[156,5394,5395],{},"sets",[156,5397,5398],{},"strings",[156,5400,5401],{},"generator expressions",[20,5403,5404,5405,1943,5407,5409],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,5406,173],{},[15,5408,655],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[43,5411,5413],{"className":45,"code":5412,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,5414,5415,5435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5416,5417,5419,5421,5423,5425,5427,5429,5431,5433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5418,474],{"class":58},[52,5420,63],{"class":62},[52,5422,67],{"class":66},[52,5424,207],{"class":70},[52,5426,74],{"class":66},[52,5428,3938],{"class":756},[52,5430,74],{"class":66},[52,5432,4696],{"class":70},[52,5434,90],{"class":66},[52,5436,5437,5439,5441,5444,5446,5448,5451],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5438,118],{"class":101},[52,5440,105],{"class":66},[52,5442,5443],{"class":101},"any",[52,5445,105],{"class":66},[52,5447,507],{"class":108},[52,5449,5450],{"class":66},"))",[52,5452,3765],{"class":129},[20,5454,133,5455,5458,5459,5461],{},[15,5456,5457],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,5460,173],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[38,5463,5465],{"id":5464},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,5467,5468,5470],{},[15,5469,5275],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,5472,5473],{},"It returns:",[153,5475,5476,5481,5486],{},[156,5477,5478,5480],{},[15,5479,173],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[156,5482,5483,5485],{},[15,5484,655],{}," if all items are falsy",[156,5487,5488,5490],{},[15,5489,655],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5492,5493],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[153,5495,5496,5499,5502],{},[156,5497,5498],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[156,5500,5501],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[156,5503,5504],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5506,5507,5508,5511,5512,242],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3842,5509,5510],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[236,5513,5515],{"href":5514},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5516,3683],{},[38,5518,5520],{"id":5519},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5522,5523],{},"The syntax is simple:",[43,5525,5527],{"className":45,"code":5526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5528,5529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5530,5531,5533,5535,5537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5532,5443],{"class":101},[52,5534,105],{"class":66},[52,5536,196],{"class":108},[52,5538,112],{"class":66},[20,5540,5541,5542,242],{},"The argument must be an ",[3842,5543,196],{},[20,5545,5546],{},"Common inputs include:",[153,5548,5549,5551,5553,5555,5557],{},[156,5550,918],{},[156,5552,5392],{},[156,5554,5395],{},[156,5556,5398],{},[156,5558,5401],{},[20,5560,932],{},[43,5562,5564],{"className":45,"code":5563,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5565,5566,5589,5608,5628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5567,5568,5570,5572,5574,5576,5578,5580,5582,5584,5587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5569,118],{"class":101},[52,5571,105],{"class":66},[52,5573,5443],{"class":101},[52,5575,1058],{"class":66},[52,5577,207],{"class":70},[52,5579,74],{"class":66},[52,5581,3933],{"class":70},[52,5583,74],{"class":66},[52,5585,5586],{"class":70}," 1",[52,5588,1063],{"class":66},[52,5590,5591,5593,5595,5597,5600,5602,5604,5606],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5592,118],{"class":101},[52,5594,105],{"class":66},[52,5596,5443],{"class":101},[52,5598,5599],{"class":66},"((",[52,5601,655],{"class":674},[52,5603,74],{"class":66},[52,5605,679],{"class":674},[52,5607,622],{"class":66},[52,5609,5610,5612,5614,5616,5619,5621,5623,5625],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,5611,118],{"class":101},[52,5613,105],{"class":66},[52,5615,5443],{"class":101},[52,5617,5618],{"class":66},"({",[52,5620,207],{"class":70},[52,5622,74],{"class":66},[52,5624,77],{"class":70},[52,5626,5627],{"class":66},"}))\n",[52,5629,5630,5632,5634,5636,5638,5640,5642,5644],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,5631,118],{"class":101},[52,5633,105],{"class":66},[52,5635,5443],{"class":101},[52,5637,105],{"class":66},[52,5639,757],{"class":756},[52,5641,761],{"class":760},[52,5643,757],{"class":756},[52,5645,510],{"class":66},[20,5647,5648],{},"Expected output:",[43,5650,5652],{"className":45,"code":5651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5653,5654,5658,5662,5666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5655,5656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5657,4072],{"class":674},[52,5659,5660],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5661,4133],{"class":674},[52,5663,5664],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,5665,4072],{"class":674},[52,5667,5668],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,5669,4072],{"class":674},[20,5671,5672,5673,242],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[236,5674,5230],{"href":5675},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[38,5677,3828],{"id":3827},[20,5679,3831,5680,1943,5683,3836],{},[3842,5681,5682],{},"truthy",[3842,5684,5685],{},"falsy",[153,5687,5688,5694],{},[156,5689,5690,3845,5692],{},[3842,5691,3844],{},[15,5693,173],{},[156,5695,5696,3845,5698],{},[3842,5697,3852],{},[15,5699,655],{},[20,5701,3857],{},[153,5703,5704,5708,5712,5716,5720,5724,5728,5732],{},[156,5705,5706],{},[15,5707,655],{},[156,5709,5710],{},[15,5711,207],{},[156,5713,5714],{},[15,5715,3868],{},[156,5717,5718],{},[15,5719,3873],{},[156,5721,5722],{},[15,5723,3887],{},[156,5725,5726],{},[15,5727,3892],{},[156,5729,5730],{},[15,5731,3897],{},[156,5733,5734],{},[15,5735,3878],{},[20,5737,3900],{},[20,5739,5740],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[43,5742,5744],{"className":45,"code":5743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5745,5746,5760,5778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5747,5748,5750,5752,5754,5756,5758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5749,118],{"class":101},[52,5751,105],{"class":66},[52,5753,5443],{"class":101},[52,5755,1058],{"class":66},[52,5757,71],{"class":70},[52,5759,1063],{"class":66},[52,5761,5762,5764,5766,5768,5770,5772,5774,5776],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5763,118],{"class":101},[52,5765,105],{"class":66},[52,5767,5443],{"class":101},[52,5769,1058],{"class":66},[52,5771,3406],{"class":756},[52,5773,761],{"class":760},[52,5775,3406],{"class":756},[52,5777,1063],{"class":66},[52,5779,5780,5782,5784,5786,5789,5791,5793,5795,5797,5799],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,5781,118],{"class":101},[52,5783,105],{"class":66},[52,5785,5443],{"class":101},[52,5787,5788],{"class":66},"([[",[52,5790,71],{"class":70},[52,5792,74],{"class":66},[52,5794,77],{"class":70},[52,5796,74],{"class":66},[52,5798,82],{"class":70},[52,5800,5801],{"class":66},"]]))\n",[20,5803,5648],{},[43,5805,5807],{"className":45,"code":5806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5808,5809,5813,5817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5810,5811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5812,4072],{"class":674},[52,5814,5815],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5816,4072],{"class":674},[52,5818,5819],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,5820,4072],{"class":674},[20,5822,5823],{},"And these are all falsy:",[43,5825,5827],{"className":45,"code":5826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5828,5829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5830,5831,5833,5835,5837,5839,5841,5843,5845,5847,5849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5832,118],{"class":101},[52,5834,105],{"class":66},[52,5836,5443],{"class":101},[52,5838,1058],{"class":66},[52,5840,207],{"class":70},[52,5842,74],{"class":66},[52,5844,3938],{"class":756},[52,5846,74],{"class":66},[52,5848,3951],{"class":674},[52,5850,1063],{"class":66},[20,5852,5648],{},[43,5854,5855],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5856,5857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5858,5859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5860,4133],{"class":674},[20,5862,5863,5864,652,5867,242],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[236,5865,3907],{"href":5866},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[236,5868,5870,863],{"href":5869},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5871,3913],{},[38,5873,5875],{"id":5874},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5877,5878],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[43,5880,5882],{"className":45,"code":5881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5883,5884,5904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5885,5886,5888,5890,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5887,474],{"class":58},[52,5889,63],{"class":62},[52,5891,67],{"class":66},[52,5893,207],{"class":70},[52,5895,74],{"class":66},[52,5897,3938],{"class":756},[52,5899,74],{"class":66},[52,5901,4696],{"class":70},[52,5903,90],{"class":66},[52,5905,5906,5908,5910,5912,5914,5916],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5907,118],{"class":101},[52,5909,105],{"class":66},[52,5911,5443],{"class":101},[52,5913,105],{"class":66},[52,5915,507],{"class":108},[52,5917,510],{"class":66},[20,5919,311],{},[43,5921,5922],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,5923,5924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5925,5926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5927,4072],{"class":674},[20,5929,4532],{},[153,5931,5932,5937,5941],{},[156,5933,5934,5936],{},[15,5935,207],{}," is falsy",[156,5938,5939,5936],{},[15,5940,3873],{},[156,5942,5943,5945],{},[15,5944,265],{}," is truthy",[20,5947,5948,5949,2514,5952,242],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5950,5951],{},"any(values)",[15,5953,173],{},[20,5955,5956],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[43,5958,5960],{"className":45,"code":5959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5961,5962,5986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,5963,5964,5966,5968,5970,5972,5974,5976,5978,5980,5982,5984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,5965,474],{"class":58},[52,5967,63],{"class":62},[52,5969,67],{"class":66},[52,5971,207],{"class":70},[52,5973,74],{"class":66},[52,5975,3938],{"class":756},[52,5977,74],{"class":66},[52,5979,3951],{"class":674},[52,5981,74],{"class":66},[52,5983,679],{"class":674},[52,5985,90],{"class":66},[52,5987,5988,5990,5992,5994,5996,5998],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,5989,118],{"class":101},[52,5991,105],{"class":66},[52,5993,5443],{"class":101},[52,5995,105],{"class":66},[52,5997,507],{"class":108},[52,5999,510],{"class":66},[20,6001,311],{},[43,6003,6004],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6005,6006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6007,6008],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6009,4133],{"class":674},[20,6011,6012,6013,242],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,6014,655],{},[38,6016,6018],{"id":6017},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,6020,6021,6023,6024,242],{},[15,6022,5275],{}," is often used with a ",[3842,6025,6026],{},"generator expression",[20,6028,6029],{},"This is a common pattern:",[43,6031,6033],{"className":45,"code":6032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,6034,6035],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6036,6037,6039,6041,6044,6046,6049,6051,6054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6038,5443],{"class":101},[52,6040,105],{"class":66},[52,6042,6043],{"class":108},"condition ",[52,6045,1678],{"class":1195},[52,6047,6048],{"class":108}," item ",[52,6050,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6052,6053],{"class":108}," items",[52,6055,112],{"class":66},[20,6057,6058],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,6060,6061],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[43,6063,6065],{"className":45,"code":6064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,6066,6067,6093,6097,6124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6068,6069,6071,6073,6075,6077,6079,6081,6083,6085,6087,6089,6091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6070,59],{"class":58},[52,6072,63],{"class":62},[52,6074,67],{"class":66},[52,6076,1595],{"class":70},[52,6078,74],{"class":66},[52,6080,1600],{"class":70},[52,6082,74],{"class":66},[52,6084,2339],{"class":62},[52,6086,440],{"class":70},[52,6088,74],{"class":66},[52,6090,270],{"class":70},[52,6092,90],{"class":66},[52,6094,6095],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6096,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,6098,6099,6101,6103,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6100,2347],{"class":58},[52,6102,63],{"class":62},[52,6104,6105],{"class":101}," any",[52,6107,105],{"class":66},[52,6109,3129],{"class":108},[52,6111,3395],{"class":62},[52,6113,3933],{"class":70},[52,6115,1196],{"class":1195},[52,6117,1199],{"class":108},[52,6119,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6121,1686],{"class":108},[52,6123,112],{"class":66},[52,6125,6126,6128,6130,6132],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,6127,118],{"class":101},[52,6129,105],{"class":66},[52,6131,2382],{"class":108},[52,6133,112],{"class":66},[20,6135,311],{},[43,6137,6138],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6139,6140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6141,6142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6143,4072],{"class":674},[20,6145,6146,6147,6150],{},"This works because ",[15,6148,6149],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[153,6152,6153,6161,6168],{},[156,6154,6155,6158,6159],{},[15,6156,6157],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,6160,655],{},[156,6162,6163,6158,6166],{},[15,6164,6165],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,6167,655],{},[156,6169,6170,6158,6173],{},[15,6171,6172],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,6174,173],{},[20,6176,6177,6178,6180,6181,6183,6184,242],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,6179,173],{}," result, ",[15,6182,5275],{}," can return ",[15,6185,173],{},[20,6187,6188],{},"Here is another example:",[43,6190,6192],{"className":45,"code":6191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,6193,6194,6223,6227,6257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6195,6196,6198,6200,6202,6204,6206,6208,6210,6213,6215,6217,6219,6221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6197,749],{"class":58},[52,6199,63],{"class":62},[52,6201,67],{"class":66},[52,6203,757],{"class":756},[52,6205,4171],{"class":760},[52,6207,757],{"class":756},[52,6209,74],{"class":66},[52,6211,6212],{"class":756}," \"\"",[52,6214,74],{"class":66},[52,6216,768],{"class":756},[52,6218,4180],{"class":760},[52,6220,757],{"class":756},[52,6222,90],{"class":66},[52,6224,6225],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6226,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,6228,6229,6232,6234,6236,6238,6241,6243,6245,6247,6250,6252,6255],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6230,6231],{"class":58},"has_empty_string ",[52,6233,63],{"class":62},[52,6235,6105],{"class":101},[52,6237,105],{"class":66},[52,6239,6240],{"class":108},"word ",[52,6242,4780],{"class":62},[52,6244,6212],{"class":756},[52,6246,1196],{"class":1195},[52,6248,6249],{"class":108}," word ",[52,6251,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6253,6254],{"class":108}," words",[52,6256,112],{"class":66},[52,6258,6259,6261,6263,6266],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,6260,118],{"class":101},[52,6262,105],{"class":66},[52,6264,6265],{"class":108},"has_empty_string",[52,6267,112],{"class":66},[20,6269,311],{},[43,6271,6272],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6273,6274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6275,6276],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6277,4072],{"class":674},[20,6279,6280,6281,242],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[236,6282,6284],{"href":6283},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[38,6286,6288],{"id":6287},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,6290,6291,6292,1772],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,6293,655],{},[43,6295,6297],{"className":45,"code":6296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([]))\n",[15,6298,6299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6300,6301,6303,6305,6307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6302,118],{"class":101},[52,6304,105],{"class":66},[52,6306,5443],{"class":101},[52,6308,4519],{"class":66},[20,6310,311],{},[43,6312,6313],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6314,6315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6316,6317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6318,4133],{"class":674},[20,6320,6321],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,6323,6324,6325,6327],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,6326,5275],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,6329,6330],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[43,6332,6334],{"className":45,"code":6333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,6335,6336,6346,6360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6337,6338,6340,6342,6344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6339,118],{"class":101},[52,6341,105],{"class":66},[52,6343,5443],{"class":101},[52,6345,4577],{"class":66},[52,6347,6348,6350,6352,6354,6356,6358],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6349,118],{"class":101},[52,6351,105],{"class":66},[52,6353,5443],{"class":101},[52,6355,105],{"class":66},[52,6357,831],{"class":756},[52,6359,510],{"class":66},[52,6361,6362,6364,6366,6368,6370,6373],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6363,118],{"class":101},[52,6365,105],{"class":66},[52,6367,5443],{"class":101},[52,6369,105],{"class":66},[52,6371,6372],{"class":1184},"set",[52,6374,6375],{"class":66},"()))\n",[20,6377,311],{},[43,6379,6381],{"className":45,"code":6380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,6382,6383,6387,6391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6384,6385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6386,4133],{"class":674},[52,6388,6389],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6390,4133],{"class":674},[52,6392,6393],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6394,4133],{"class":674},[38,6396,6398],{"id":6397},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,6400,133,6401,6403],{},[15,6402,5275],{}," when you want to:",[153,6405,6406,6409,6412],{},[156,6407,6408],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[156,6410,6411],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[156,6413,6414],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,6416,6417],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[43,6419,6421],{"className":45,"code":6420,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,6422,6423,6448,6452,6462,6466,6478,6497,6507,6513,6518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6424,6425,6427,6429,6431,6433,6435,6437,6439,6441,6443,6446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6426,59],{"class":58},[52,6428,63],{"class":62},[52,6430,67],{"class":66},[52,6432,71],{"class":70},[52,6434,74],{"class":66},[52,6436,82],{"class":70},[52,6438,74],{"class":66},[52,6440,4696],{"class":70},[52,6442,74],{"class":66},[52,6444,6445],{"class":70}," 8",[52,6447,90],{"class":66},[52,6449,6450],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6451,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,6453,6454,6457,6459],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,6455,6456],{"class":58},"found_even ",[52,6458,63],{"class":62},[52,6460,6461],{"class":674}," False\n",[52,6463,6464],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,6465,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,6467,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,6469,1678],{"class":1195},[52,6471,1681],{"class":58},[52,6473,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6475,1686],{"class":58},[52,6477,1689],{"class":66},[52,6479,6480,6483,6485,6488,6490,6493,6495],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,6481,6482],{"class":1195},"    if",[52,6484,1681],{"class":58},[52,6486,6487],{"class":62},"%",[52,6489,77],{"class":70},[52,6491,6492],{"class":62}," ==",[52,6494,3933],{"class":70},[52,6496,1689],{"class":66},[52,6498,6499,6502,6504],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,6500,6501],{"class":58},"        found_even ",[52,6503,63],{"class":62},[52,6505,6506],{"class":674}," True\n",[52,6508,6510],{"class":54,"line":6509},8,[52,6511,6512],{"class":1195},"        break\n",[52,6514,6516],{"class":54,"line":6515},9,[52,6517,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,6519,6521,6523,6525,6528],{"class":54,"line":6520},10,[52,6522,118],{"class":101},[52,6524,105],{"class":66},[52,6526,6527],{"class":108},"found_even",[52,6529,112],{"class":66},[20,6531,6532],{},"You can write:",[43,6534,6536],{"className":45,"code":6535,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6537,6538,6562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6539,6540,6542,6544,6546,6548,6550,6552,6554,6556,6558,6560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6541,59],{"class":58},[52,6543,63],{"class":62},[52,6545,67],{"class":66},[52,6547,71],{"class":70},[52,6549,74],{"class":66},[52,6551,82],{"class":70},[52,6553,74],{"class":66},[52,6555,4696],{"class":70},[52,6557,74],{"class":66},[52,6559,6445],{"class":70},[52,6561,90],{"class":66},[52,6563,6564,6566,6568,6570,6572,6574,6576,6578,6580,6582,6584,6586,6588,6590],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6565,118],{"class":101},[52,6567,105],{"class":66},[52,6569,5443],{"class":101},[52,6571,105],{"class":66},[52,6573,2334],{"class":108},[52,6575,6487],{"class":62},[52,6577,77],{"class":70},[52,6579,6492],{"class":62},[52,6581,3933],{"class":70},[52,6583,1196],{"class":1195},[52,6585,1681],{"class":108},[52,6587,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6589,1686],{"class":108},[52,6591,510],{"class":66},[20,6593,6594,6595,6597],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6596,5275],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[38,6599,4610],{"id":4609},[20,6601,6602,6603,242],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6604,5275],{},[461,6606,1002],{"id":1001},[20,6608,1005],{},[43,6610,6612],{"className":45,"code":6611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6613,6614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6615,6616,6618,6620,6622,6624,6626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6617,118],{"class":101},[52,6619,105],{"class":66},[52,6621,5443],{"class":101},[52,6623,105],{"class":66},[52,6625,265],{"class":70},[52,6627,510],{"class":66},[20,6629,6630,6631,6633],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6632,265],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6635,1042],{},[43,6637,6639],{"className":45,"code":6638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6640,6641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6642,6643,6645,6647,6649,6651,6653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6644,118],{"class":101},[52,6646,105],{"class":66},[52,6648,5443],{"class":101},[52,6650,1058],{"class":66},[52,6652,265],{"class":70},[52,6654,1063],{"class":66},[461,6656,6658],{"id":6657},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6660,6661,6663,6664,6667],{},[15,6662,5275],{}," needs only ",[3842,6665,6666],{},"one"," truthy item.",[43,6669,6671],{"className":45,"code":6670,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6672,6673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6674,6675,6677,6679,6681,6683,6685,6687,6689,6691,6693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6676,118],{"class":101},[52,6678,105],{"class":66},[52,6680,5443],{"class":101},[52,6682,1058],{"class":66},[52,6684,655],{"class":674},[52,6686,74],{"class":66},[52,6688,679],{"class":674},[52,6690,74],{"class":66},[52,6692,684],{"class":674},[52,6694,1063],{"class":66},[20,6696,311],{},[43,6698,6699],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6700,6701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6702,6703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6704,4072],{"class":674},[20,6706,6707,6708,6712],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[236,6709,6710],{"href":5514},[15,6711,3683],{}," instead.",[461,6714,6716],{"id":6715},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6718,6719,6720,242],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6721,6722],{},"\"True\"",[43,6724,6726],{"className":45,"code":6725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6727,6728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6729,6730,6732,6734,6736,6738,6740,6742,6744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6731,118],{"class":101},[52,6733,105],{"class":66},[52,6735,5443],{"class":101},[52,6737,1058],{"class":66},[52,6739,757],{"class":756},[52,6741,655],{"class":760},[52,6743,757],{"class":756},[52,6745,1063],{"class":66},[20,6747,311],{},[43,6749,6750],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6751,6752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6753,6754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6755,4072],{"class":674},[20,6757,6758,6759,6762],{},"That is because ",[15,6760,6761],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[461,6764,6766],{"id":6765},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6768,6769],{},"This works:",[43,6771,6773],{"className":45,"code":6772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6774,6775,6795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6776,6777,6779,6781,6783,6785,6787,6789,6791,6793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6778,59],{"class":58},[52,6780,63],{"class":62},[52,6782,67],{"class":66},[52,6784,71],{"class":70},[52,6786,74],{"class":66},[52,6788,77],{"class":70},[52,6790,74],{"class":66},[52,6792,82],{"class":70},[52,6794,90],{"class":66},[52,6796,6797,6799,6801,6803,6805,6807,6809,6811,6813,6815,6817,6819],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6798,118],{"class":101},[52,6800,105],{"class":66},[52,6802,5443],{"class":101},[52,6804,1058],{"class":66},[52,6806,3129],{"class":108},[52,6808,4344],{"class":62},[52,6810,77],{"class":70},[52,6812,1196],{"class":1195},[52,6814,1199],{"class":108},[52,6816,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6818,1686],{"class":108},[52,6820,1063],{"class":66},[20,6822,6823],{},"But this is usually better:",[43,6825,6827],{"className":45,"code":6826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6828,6829,6849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6830,6831,6833,6835,6837,6839,6841,6843,6845,6847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6832,59],{"class":58},[52,6834,63],{"class":62},[52,6836,67],{"class":66},[52,6838,71],{"class":70},[52,6840,74],{"class":66},[52,6842,77],{"class":70},[52,6844,74],{"class":66},[52,6846,82],{"class":70},[52,6848,90],{"class":66},[52,6850,6851,6853,6855,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865,6867,6869,6871,6873],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6852,118],{"class":101},[52,6854,105],{"class":66},[52,6856,5443],{"class":101},[52,6858,105],{"class":66},[52,6860,3129],{"class":108},[52,6862,4344],{"class":62},[52,6864,77],{"class":70},[52,6866,1196],{"class":1195},[52,6868,1199],{"class":108},[52,6870,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6872,1686],{"class":108},[52,6874,510],{"class":66},[20,6876,6877],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[38,6879,1919],{"id":1918},[461,6881,6883],{"id":6882},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6885,5240,6886,6888,6889,242],{},[15,6887,173],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6890,655],{},[461,6892,6894],{"id":6893},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6896,6897,2514,6899,6901],{},[15,6898,5275],{},[15,6900,655],{}," for an empty iterable.",[461,6903,6905],{"id":6904},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6907,6908,6910,6911,6913],{},[15,6909,5275],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6912,3683],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[461,6915,6917],{"id":6916},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6919,6920],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[43,6922,6923],{"className":45,"code":6032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6924,6925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6926,6927,6929,6931,6933,6935,6937,6939,6941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6928,5443],{"class":101},[52,6930,105],{"class":66},[52,6932,6043],{"class":108},[52,6934,1678],{"class":1195},[52,6936,6048],{"class":108},[52,6938,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6940,6053],{"class":108},[52,6942,112],{"class":66},[20,6944,932],{},[43,6946,6947],{"className":45,"code":6826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,6948,6949,6969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,6950,6951,6953,6955,6957,6959,6961,6963,6965,6967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,6952,59],{"class":58},[52,6954,63],{"class":62},[52,6956,67],{"class":66},[52,6958,71],{"class":70},[52,6960,74],{"class":66},[52,6962,77],{"class":70},[52,6964,74],{"class":66},[52,6966,82],{"class":70},[52,6968,90],{"class":66},[52,6970,6971,6973,6975,6977,6979,6981,6983,6985,6987,6989,6991,6993],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,6972,118],{"class":101},[52,6974,105],{"class":66},[52,6976,5443],{"class":101},[52,6978,105],{"class":66},[52,6980,3129],{"class":108},[52,6982,4344],{"class":62},[52,6984,77],{"class":70},[52,6986,1196],{"class":1195},[52,6988,1199],{"class":108},[52,6990,1202],{"class":1195},[52,6992,1686],{"class":108},[52,6994,510],{"class":66},[38,6996,1986],{"id":1985},[153,6998,6999,7005,7009,7013,7018],{},[156,7000,7001],{},[236,7002,7003,1999],{"href":5514},[15,7004,3683],{},[156,7006,7007],{},[236,7008,3907],{"href":5866},[156,7010,7011],{},[236,7012,5307],{"href":5675},[156,7014,7015],{},[236,7016,7017],{"href":6283},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[156,7019,7020],{},[236,7021,7022,1999],{"href":5869},[15,7023,3913],{},[2029,7025,7026],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":7028},[7029,7030,7031,7032,7033,7034,7035,7036,7042,7048],{"id":5464,"depth":93,"text":5465},{"id":5519,"depth":93,"text":5520},{"id":3827,"depth":93,"text":3828},{"id":5874,"depth":93,"text":5875},{"id":6017,"depth":93,"text":6018},{"id":6287,"depth":93,"text":6288},{"id":6397,"depth":93,"text":6398},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":7037},[7038,7039,7040,7041],{"id":1001,"depth":115,"text":1002},{"id":6657,"depth":115,"text":6658},{"id":6715,"depth":115,"text":6716},{"id":6765,"depth":115,"text":6766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":7043},[7044,7045,7046,7047],{"id":6882,"depth":115,"text":6883},{"id":6893,"depth":115,"text":6894},{"id":6904,"depth":115,"text":6905},{"id":6916,"depth":115,"text":6917},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":5369,"description":7049},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":7055,"title":7056,"body":7057,"description":9190,"extension":2083,"meta":9191,"navigation":296,"path":9192,"seo":9193,"stem":9194,"__hash__":9195},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":7058,"toc":9153},[7059,7062,7071,7081,7083,7180,7182,7211,7227,7231,7236,7239,7249,7255,7261,7277,7279,7287,7294,7298,7301,7316,7321,7339,7344,7346,7394,7396,7413,7417,7423,7426,7461,7463,7569,7571,7608,7612,7620,7622,7642,7644,7765,7767,7796,7799,7822,7824,7832,7840,7844,7850,7854,7897,7899,7907,7910,7938,7940,7948,7952,7981,7983,7991,8023,8025,8033,8037,8088,8090,8098,8106,8110,8113,8166,8168,8189,8196,8200,8206,8209,8217,8239,8241,8249,8257,8280,8282,8290,8295,8300,8312,8314,8355,8366,8370,8379,8382,8385,8444,8447,8499,8502,8507,8522,8528,8530,8535,8544,8547,8569,8571,8579,8584,8587,8622,8624,8632,8636,8641,8679,8691,8694,8749,8757,8761,8764,8786,8795,8798,8839,8841,8864,8870,8876,8891,8893,8913,8916,8935,8937,8956,8960,8965,9044,9047,9061,9068,9070,9074,9081,9085,9089,9093,9098,9102,9107,9111,9118,9120,9150],[10,7060,7056],{"id":7061},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,7063,2100,7064,7066,7067,1943,7069,242],{},[15,7065,3913],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,7068,173],{},[15,7070,655],{},[20,7072,7073,7074,7076,7077,7080],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,7075,3913],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,7078,7079],{},"if"," statements and other conditions.",[38,7082,3712],{"id":3711},[43,7084,7086],{"className":45,"code":7085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,7087,7088,7102,7116,7130,7148,7158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7089,7090,7092,7094,7096,7098,7100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7091,118],{"class":101},[52,7093,105],{"class":66},[52,7095,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7097,105],{"class":66},[52,7099,207],{"class":70},[52,7101,510],{"class":66},[52,7103,7104,7106,7108,7110,7112,7114],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7105,118],{"class":101},[52,7107,105],{"class":66},[52,7109,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7111,105],{"class":66},[52,7113,71],{"class":70},[52,7115,510],{"class":66},[52,7117,7118,7120,7122,7124,7126,7128],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7119,118],{"class":101},[52,7121,105],{"class":66},[52,7123,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7125,105],{"class":66},[52,7127,831],{"class":756},[52,7129,510],{"class":66},[52,7131,7132,7134,7136,7138,7140,7142,7144,7146],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,7133,118],{"class":101},[52,7135,105],{"class":66},[52,7137,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7139,105],{"class":66},[52,7141,757],{"class":756},[52,7143,761],{"class":760},[52,7145,757],{"class":756},[52,7147,510],{"class":66},[52,7149,7150,7152,7154,7156],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,7151,118],{"class":101},[52,7153,105],{"class":66},[52,7155,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7157,4519],{"class":66},[52,7159,7160,7162,7164,7166,7168,7170,7172,7174,7176,7178],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,7161,118],{"class":101},[52,7163,105],{"class":66},[52,7165,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7167,1058],{"class":66},[52,7169,71],{"class":70},[52,7171,74],{"class":66},[52,7173,77],{"class":70},[52,7175,74],{"class":66},[52,7177,82],{"class":70},[52,7179,1063],{"class":66},[20,7181,5648],{},[43,7183,7185],{"className":45,"code":7184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,7186,7187,7191,7195,7199,7203,7207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7188,7189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7190,4133],{"class":674},[52,7192,7193],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7194,4072],{"class":674},[52,7196,7197],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7198,4133],{"class":674},[52,7200,7201],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,7202,4072],{"class":674},[52,7204,7205],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,7206,4133],{"class":674},[52,7208,7209],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,7210,4072],{"class":674},[20,7212,133,7213,7216,7217,1943,7219,7221,7222,7224,7225,242],{},[15,7214,7215],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,7218,173],{},[15,7220,655],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,7223,655],{},". Most other values become ",[15,7226,173],{},[38,7228,7230],{"id":7229},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,7232,7233,7235],{},[15,7234,3913],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,7237,7238],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[153,7240,7241,7245],{},[156,7242,7243],{},[15,7244,173],{},[156,7246,7247],{},[15,7248,655],{},[20,7250,7251,7252,7254],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,7253,7079],{}," statements.",[20,7256,7257,7258,7260],{},"You can also call ",[15,7259,3913],{}," with no argument:",[43,7262,7264],{"className":45,"code":7263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool())\n",[15,7265,7266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7267,7268,7270,7272,7274],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7269,118],{"class":101},[52,7271,105],{"class":66},[52,7273,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7275,7276],{"class":66},"())\n",[20,7278,311],{},[43,7280,7281],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7282,7283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7284,7285],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7286,4133],{"class":674},[20,7288,7289,7290,242],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[236,7291,7293],{"href":7292},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[38,7295,7297],{"id":7296},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,7299,7300],{},"The basic syntax is:",[43,7302,7304],{"className":45,"code":7303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bool(value)\n",[15,7305,7306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7307,7308,7310,7312,7314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7309,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7311,105],{"class":66},[52,7313,2588],{"class":108},[52,7315,112],{"class":66},[20,7317,2100,7318,7320],{},[15,7319,2588],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[153,7322,7323,7325,7327,7329,7331,7334,7336],{},[156,7324,109],{},[156,7326,5398],{},[156,7328,918],{},[156,7330,5392],{},[156,7332,7333],{},"dictionaries",[156,7335,5395],{},[156,7337,7338],{},"other objects",[20,7340,7341,7342,242],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,7343,655],{},[20,7345,2324],{},[43,7347,7349],{"className":45,"code":7348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,7350,7351,7365,7384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7352,7353,7355,7357,7359,7361,7363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7354,118],{"class":101},[52,7356,105],{"class":66},[52,7358,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7360,105],{"class":66},[52,7362,430],{"class":70},[52,7364,510],{"class":66},[52,7366,7367,7369,7371,7373,7375,7377,7380,7382],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7368,118],{"class":101},[52,7370,105],{"class":66},[52,7372,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7374,105],{"class":66},[52,7376,757],{"class":756},[52,7378,7379],{"class":760},"Python",[52,7381,757],{"class":756},[52,7383,510],{"class":66},[52,7385,7386,7388,7390,7392],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7387,118],{"class":101},[52,7389,105],{"class":66},[52,7391,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7393,7276],{"class":66},[20,7395,311],{},[43,7397,7399],{"className":45,"code":7398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,7400,7401,7405,7409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7402,7403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7404,4072],{"class":674},[52,7406,7407],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7408,4072],{"class":674},[52,7410,7411],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7412,4133],{"class":674},[38,7414,7416],{"id":7415},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,7418,7419,7420,7422],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3842,7421,5685],{}," values.",[20,7424,7425],{},"Common examples:",[153,7427,7428,7432,7436,7440,7444,7449,7453,7457],{},[156,7429,7430],{},[15,7431,207],{},[156,7433,7434],{},[15,7435,3868],{},[156,7437,7438],{},[15,7439,831],{},[156,7441,7442],{},[15,7443,3887],{},[156,7445,7446],{},[15,7447,7448],{},"()",[156,7450,7451],{},[15,7452,3892],{},[156,7454,7455],{},[15,7456,3897],{},[156,7458,7459],{},[15,7460,3878],{},[20,7462,2324],{},[43,7464,7466],{"className":45,"code":7465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7467,7468,7482,7496,7510,7520,7530,7541,7555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7469,7470,7472,7474,7476,7478,7480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7471,118],{"class":101},[52,7473,105],{"class":66},[52,7475,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7477,105],{"class":66},[52,7479,207],{"class":70},[52,7481,510],{"class":66},[52,7483,7484,7486,7488,7490,7492,7494],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7485,118],{"class":101},[52,7487,105],{"class":66},[52,7489,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7491,105],{"class":66},[52,7493,3868],{"class":70},[52,7495,510],{"class":66},[52,7497,7498,7500,7502,7504,7506,7508],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7499,118],{"class":101},[52,7501,105],{"class":66},[52,7503,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7505,105],{"class":66},[52,7507,831],{"class":756},[52,7509,510],{"class":66},[52,7511,7512,7514,7516,7518],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,7513,118],{"class":101},[52,7515,105],{"class":66},[52,7517,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7519,4519],{"class":66},[52,7521,7522,7524,7526,7528],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,7523,118],{"class":101},[52,7525,105],{"class":66},[52,7527,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7529,4577],{"class":66},[52,7531,7532,7534,7536,7538],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,7533,118],{"class":101},[52,7535,105],{"class":66},[52,7537,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7539,7540],{"class":66},"({}))\n",[52,7542,7543,7545,7547,7549,7551,7553],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,7544,118],{"class":101},[52,7546,105],{"class":66},[52,7548,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7550,105],{"class":66},[52,7552,6372],{"class":1184},[52,7554,6375],{"class":66},[52,7556,7557,7559,7561,7563,7565,7567],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,7558,118],{"class":101},[52,7560,105],{"class":66},[52,7562,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7564,105],{"class":66},[52,7566,3878],{"class":674},[52,7568,510],{"class":66},[20,7570,311],{},[43,7572,7574],{"className":45,"code":7573,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7575,7576,7580,7584,7588,7592,7596,7600,7604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7577,7578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7579,4133],{"class":674},[52,7581,7582],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7583,4133],{"class":674},[52,7585,7586],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7587,4133],{"class":674},[52,7589,7590],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,7591,4133],{"class":674},[52,7593,7594],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,7595,4133],{"class":674},[52,7597,7598],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,7599,4133],{"class":674},[52,7601,7602],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,7603,4133],{"class":674},[52,7605,7606],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,7607,4133],{"class":674},[38,7609,7611],{"id":7610},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7613,7614,7615,7617,7618,7422],{},"Many values become ",[15,7616,173],{},". These are often called ",[3842,7619,5682],{},[20,7621,7425],{},[153,7623,7624,7627,7630,7633,7636,7639],{},[156,7625,7626],{},"non-zero numbers",[156,7628,7629],{},"non-empty strings",[156,7631,7632],{},"non-empty lists",[156,7634,7635],{},"non-empty tuples",[156,7637,7638],{},"non-empty sets",[156,7640,7641],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7643,2324],{},[43,7645,7647],{"className":45,"code":7646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7648,7649,7663,7679,7697,7719,7737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7650,7651,7653,7655,7657,7659,7661],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7652,118],{"class":101},[52,7654,105],{"class":66},[52,7656,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7658,105],{"class":66},[52,7660,265],{"class":70},[52,7662,510],{"class":66},[52,7664,7665,7667,7669,7671,7673,7675,7677],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7666,118],{"class":101},[52,7668,105],{"class":66},[52,7670,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7672,105],{"class":66},[52,7674,2142],{"class":62},[52,7676,440],{"class":70},[52,7678,510],{"class":66},[52,7680,7681,7683,7685,7687,7689,7691,7693,7695],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7682,118],{"class":101},[52,7684,105],{"class":66},[52,7686,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7688,105],{"class":66},[52,7690,757],{"class":756},[52,7692,761],{"class":760},[52,7694,757],{"class":756},[52,7696,510],{"class":66},[52,7698,7699,7701,7703,7705,7707,7709,7711,7713,7715,7717],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,7700,118],{"class":101},[52,7702,105],{"class":66},[52,7704,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7706,1058],{"class":66},[52,7708,71],{"class":70},[52,7710,74],{"class":66},[52,7712,77],{"class":70},[52,7714,74],{"class":66},[52,7716,82],{"class":70},[52,7718,1063],{"class":66},[52,7720,7721,7723,7725,7727,7729,7731,7733,7735],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,7722,118],{"class":101},[52,7724,105],{"class":66},[52,7726,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7728,5599],{"class":66},[52,7730,71],{"class":70},[52,7732,74],{"class":66},[52,7734,77],{"class":70},[52,7736,622],{"class":66},[52,7738,7739,7741,7743,7745,7747,7749,7752,7754,7756,7758,7761,7763],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,7740,118],{"class":101},[52,7742,105],{"class":66},[52,7744,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7746,5618],{"class":66},[52,7748,757],{"class":756},[52,7750,7751],{"class":760},"name",[52,7753,757],{"class":756},[52,7755,1772],{"class":66},[52,7757,768],{"class":756},[52,7759,7760],{"class":760},"Sam",[52,7762,757],{"class":756},[52,7764,5627],{"class":66},[20,7766,311],{},[43,7768,7770],{"className":45,"code":7769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7771,7772,7776,7780,7784,7788,7792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7773,7774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7775,4072],{"class":674},[52,7777,7778],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7779,4072],{"class":674},[52,7781,7782],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,7783,4072],{"class":674},[52,7785,7786],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,7787,4072],{"class":674},[52,7789,7790],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,7791,4072],{"class":674},[52,7793,7794],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,7795,4072],{"class":674},[20,7797,7798],{},"One important example is this:",[43,7800,7802],{"className":45,"code":7801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7803,7804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7805,7806,7808,7810,7812,7814,7816,7818,7820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7807,118],{"class":101},[52,7809,105],{"class":66},[52,7811,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7813,105],{"class":66},[52,7815,757],{"class":756},[52,7817,655],{"class":760},[52,7819,757],{"class":756},[52,7821,510],{"class":66},[20,7823,311],{},[43,7825,7826],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7827,7828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7829,7830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7831,4072],{"class":674},[20,7833,7834,7835,7837,7838,242],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7836,6761],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7839,173],{},[38,7841,7843],{"id":7842},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7845,7846,7847,7849],{},"You can use ",[15,7848,3913],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[461,7851,7853],{"id":7852},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[43,7855,7857],{"className":45,"code":7856,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7858,7859,7882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7860,7861,7864,7866,7868,7870,7872,7875,7877,7880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7862,7863],{"class":58},"items ",[52,7865,63],{"class":62},[52,7867,67],{"class":66},[52,7869,430],{"class":70},[52,7871,74],{"class":66},[52,7873,7874],{"class":70}," 20",[52,7876,74],{"class":66},[52,7878,7879],{"class":70}," 30",[52,7881,90],{"class":66},[52,7883,7884,7886,7888,7890,7892,7895],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7885,118],{"class":101},[52,7887,105],{"class":66},[52,7889,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7891,105],{"class":66},[52,7893,7894],{"class":108},"items",[52,7896,510],{"class":66},[20,7898,311],{},[43,7900,7901],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7902,7903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7904,7905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7906,4072],{"class":674},[20,7908,7909],{},"With an empty list:",[43,7911,7913],{"className":45,"code":7912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7914,7915,7924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7916,7917,7919,7921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7918,7863],{"class":58},[52,7920,63],{"class":62},[52,7922,7923],{"class":66}," []\n",[52,7925,7926,7928,7930,7932,7934,7936],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7927,118],{"class":101},[52,7929,105],{"class":66},[52,7931,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7933,105],{"class":66},[52,7935,7894],{"class":108},[52,7937,510],{"class":66},[20,7939,311],{},[43,7941,7942],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7943,7944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7945,7946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7947,4133],{"class":674},[461,7949,7951],{"id":7950},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[43,7953,7955],{"className":45,"code":7954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7956,7957,7967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7958,7959,7962,7964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7960,7961],{"class":58},"name ",[52,7963,63],{"class":62},[52,7965,7966],{"class":756}," \"\"\n",[52,7968,7969,7971,7973,7975,7977,7979],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,7970,118],{"class":101},[52,7972,105],{"class":66},[52,7974,3966],{"class":1184},[52,7976,105],{"class":66},[52,7978,7751],{"class":108},[52,7980,510],{"class":66},[20,7982,311],{},[43,7984,7985],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,7986,7987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7988,7989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7990,4133],{"class":674},[43,7992,7994],{"className":45,"code":7993,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7995,7996,8009],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,7997,7998,8000,8002,8004,8007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,7999,7961],{"class":58},[52,8001,63],{"class":62},[52,8003,768],{"class":756},[52,8005,8006],{"class":760},"Mia",[52,8008,3465],{"class":756},[52,8010,8011,8013,8015,8017,8019,8021],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8012,118],{"class":101},[52,8014,105],{"class":66},[52,8016,3966],{"class":1184},[52,8018,105],{"class":66},[52,8020,7751],{"class":108},[52,8022,510],{"class":66},[20,8024,311],{},[43,8026,8027],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8028,8029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8030,8031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8032,4072],{"class":674},[461,8034,8036],{"id":8035},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[43,8038,8040],{"className":45,"code":8039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,8041,8042,8056,8073,8077],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8043,8044,8047,8049,8051,8054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8045,8046],{"class":58},"username ",[52,8048,63],{"class":62},[52,8050,768],{"class":756},[52,8052,8053],{"class":760},"alex",[52,8055,3465],{"class":756},[52,8057,8058,8061,8063,8066,8068,8071],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8059,8060],{"class":58},"has_name ",[52,8062,63],{"class":62},[52,8064,8065],{"class":1184}," bool",[52,8067,105],{"class":66},[52,8069,8070],{"class":108},"username",[52,8072,112],{"class":66},[52,8074,8075],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8076,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,8078,8079,8081,8083,8086],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,8080,118],{"class":101},[52,8082,105],{"class":66},[52,8084,8085],{"class":108},"has_name",[52,8087,112],{"class":66},[20,8089,311],{},[43,8091,8092],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8093,8094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8095,8096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8097,4072],{"class":674},[20,8099,8100,8101,1943,8103,8105],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,8102,173],{},[15,8104,655],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[461,8107,8109],{"id":8108},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,8111,8112],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[43,8114,8116],{"className":45,"code":8115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,8117,8118,8138,8142,8150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8119,8120,8122,8124,8126,8128,8130,8132,8134,8136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8121,59],{"class":58},[52,8123,63],{"class":62},[52,8125,67],{"class":66},[52,8127,71],{"class":70},[52,8129,74],{"class":66},[52,8131,77],{"class":70},[52,8133,74],{"class":66},[52,8135,82],{"class":70},[52,8137,90],{"class":66},[52,8139,8140],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8141,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,8143,8144,8146,8148],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8145,7079],{"class":1195},[52,8147,1686],{"class":58},[52,8149,1689],{"class":66},[52,8151,8152,8155,8157,8159,8162,8164],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,8153,8154],{"class":101},"    print",[52,8156,105],{"class":66},[52,8158,757],{"class":756},[52,8160,8161],{"class":760},"The list is not empty",[52,8163,757],{"class":756},[52,8165,112],{"class":66},[20,8167,311],{},[43,8169,8171],{"className":45,"code":8170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is not empty\n",[15,8172,8173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8174,8175,8177,8180,8183,8186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8176,2100],{"class":58},[52,8178,8179],{"class":1184},"list",[52,8181,8182],{"class":62}," is",[52,8184,8185],{"class":62}," not",[52,8187,8188],{"class":58}," empty\n",[20,8190,8191,8192,242],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[236,8193,8195],{"href":8194},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[38,8197,8199],{"id":8198},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,8201,8202,8203,8205],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,8204,3913],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,8207,8208],{},"It does not do that.",[461,8210,8212,2514,8215],{"id":8211},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,8213,8214],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,8216,173],{},[43,8218,8219],{"className":45,"code":7801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8220,8221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8222,8223,8225,8227,8229,8231,8233,8235,8237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8224,118],{"class":101},[52,8226,105],{"class":66},[52,8228,3966],{"class":1184},[52,8230,105],{"class":66},[52,8232,757],{"class":756},[52,8234,655],{"class":760},[52,8236,757],{"class":756},[52,8238,510],{"class":66},[20,8240,311],{},[43,8242,8243],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8244,8245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8246,8247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8248,4072],{"class":674},[461,8250,8252,2514,8255],{"id":8251},"bool0-returns-true",[15,8253,8254],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,8256,173],{},[43,8258,8260],{"className":45,"code":8259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,8261,8262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8263,8264,8266,8268,8270,8272,8274,8276,8278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8265,118],{"class":101},[52,8267,105],{"class":66},[52,8269,3966],{"class":1184},[52,8271,105],{"class":66},[52,8273,757],{"class":756},[52,8275,207],{"class":760},[52,8277,757],{"class":756},[52,8279,510],{"class":66},[20,8281,311],{},[43,8283,8284],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8285,8286],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8287,8288],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8289,4072],{"class":674},[20,8291,8292,8293,242],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3842,8294,7629],{},[20,8296,8297,8299],{},[15,8298,3913],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,8301,8302,8303,8308,8309,8311],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[236,8304,8306],{"href":8305},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,8307,3067],{},", because ",[15,8310,3067],{}," always returns a string.",[20,8313,2324],{},[43,8315,8317],{"className":45,"code":8316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,8318,8319,8340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8320,8321,8324,8326,8329,8331,8333,8336,8338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8322,8323],{"class":58},"user_value ",[52,8325,63],{"class":62},[52,8327,8328],{"class":101}," input",[52,8330,105],{"class":66},[52,8332,757],{"class":756},[52,8334,8335],{"class":760},"Enter True or False: ",[52,8337,757],{"class":756},[52,8339,112],{"class":66},[52,8341,8342,8344,8346,8348,8350,8353],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8343,118],{"class":101},[52,8345,105],{"class":66},[52,8347,3966],{"class":1184},[52,8349,105],{"class":66},[52,8351,8352],{"class":108},"user_value",[52,8354,510],{"class":66},[20,8356,8357,8358,8360,8361,8308,8363,8365],{},"If the user types ",[15,8359,655],{},", the result will still be ",[15,8362,173],{},[15,8364,6761],{}," is not empty.",[38,8367,8369],{"id":8368},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,8371,8372,8373,8375,8376,8378],{},"In many ",[15,8374,7079],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,8377,3913],{}," yourself.",[20,8380,8381],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,8383,8384],{},"Instead of this:",[43,8386,8388],{"className":45,"code":8387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8389,8390,8411,8415,8429],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8391,8392,8395,8397,8399,8401,8403,8405,8407,8409],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8393,8394],{"class":58},"my_list ",[52,8396,63],{"class":62},[52,8398,67],{"class":66},[52,8400,71],{"class":70},[52,8402,74],{"class":66},[52,8404,77],{"class":70},[52,8406,74],{"class":66},[52,8408,82],{"class":70},[52,8410,90],{"class":66},[52,8412,8413],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8414,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,8416,8417,8419,8421,8423,8426],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8418,7079],{"class":1195},[52,8420,8065],{"class":1184},[52,8422,105],{"class":66},[52,8424,8425],{"class":108},"my_list",[52,8427,8428],{"class":66},"):\n",[52,8430,8431,8433,8435,8437,8440,8442],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,8432,8154],{"class":101},[52,8434,105],{"class":66},[52,8436,757],{"class":756},[52,8438,8439],{"class":760},"List has items",[52,8441,757],{"class":756},[52,8443,112],{"class":66},[20,8445,8446],{},"You can simply write:",[43,8448,8450],{"className":45,"code":8449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,8451,8452,8472,8476,8485],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8453,8454,8456,8458,8460,8462,8464,8466,8468,8470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8455,8394],{"class":58},[52,8457,63],{"class":62},[52,8459,67],{"class":66},[52,8461,71],{"class":70},[52,8463,74],{"class":66},[52,8465,77],{"class":70},[52,8467,74],{"class":66},[52,8469,82],{"class":70},[52,8471,90],{"class":66},[52,8473,8474],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8475,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,8477,8478,8480,8483],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8479,7079],{"class":1195},[52,8481,8482],{"class":58}," my_list",[52,8484,1689],{"class":66},[52,8486,8487,8489,8491,8493,8495,8497],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,8488,8154],{"class":101},[52,8490,105],{"class":66},[52,8492,757],{"class":756},[52,8494,8439],{"class":760},[52,8496,757],{"class":756},[52,8498,112],{"class":66},[20,8500,8501],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8503,1372,8504,8506],{},[15,8505,3913],{}," is still helpful when:",[153,8508,8509,8512,8519],{},[156,8510,8511],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[156,8513,8514,8515,1943,8517,348],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8516,173],{},[15,8518,655],{},[156,8520,8521],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8523,8524,8525,242],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[236,8526,8527],{"href":2417},"Python type() function explained",[38,8529,1766],{"id":1765},[20,8531,8532,8533,242],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8534,3913],{},[461,8536,8538,8539,8541,8542],{"id":8537},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false","Expecting ",[15,8540,8214],{}," to return ",[15,8543,655],{},[20,8545,8546],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[43,8548,8549],{"className":45,"code":7801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8550,8551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8552,8553,8555,8557,8559,8561,8563,8565,8567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8554,118],{"class":101},[52,8556,105],{"class":66},[52,8558,3966],{"class":1184},[52,8560,105],{"class":66},[52,8562,757],{"class":756},[52,8564,655],{"class":760},[52,8566,757],{"class":756},[52,8568,510],{"class":66},[20,8570,311],{},[43,8572,8573],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8574,8575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8576,8577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8578,4072],{"class":674},[20,8580,8581,8582,6762],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8583,6761],{},[20,8585,8586],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[43,8588,8590],{"className":45,"code":8589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8591,8592,8604],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8593,8594,8596,8598,8600,8602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8595,2563],{"class":58},[52,8597,63],{"class":62},[52,8599,768],{"class":756},[52,8601,655],{"class":760},[52,8603,3465],{"class":756},[52,8605,8606,8608,8610,8612,8614,8616,8618,8620],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8607,118],{"class":101},[52,8609,105],{"class":66},[52,8611,2563],{"class":108},[52,8613,4780],{"class":62},[52,8615,768],{"class":756},[52,8617,173],{"class":760},[52,8619,757],{"class":756},[52,8621,112],{"class":66},[20,8623,311],{},[43,8625,8626],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,8627,8628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8629,8630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8631,4133],{"class":674},[461,8633,8635],{"id":8634},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8637,8638,8640],{},[15,8639,3067],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[43,8642,8644],{"className":45,"code":8643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8645,8646,8665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8647,8648,8650,8652,8654,8656,8658,8661,8663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8649,2563],{"class":58},[52,8651,63],{"class":62},[52,8653,8328],{"class":101},[52,8655,105],{"class":66},[52,8657,757],{"class":756},[52,8659,8660],{"class":760},"Enter yes or no: ",[52,8662,757],{"class":756},[52,8664,112],{"class":66},[52,8666,8667,8669,8671,8673,8675,8677],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8668,118],{"class":101},[52,8670,105],{"class":66},[52,8672,3966],{"class":1184},[52,8674,105],{"class":66},[52,8676,2588],{"class":108},[52,8678,510],{"class":66},[20,8680,8357,8681,8684,8685,8687,8688,8365],{},[15,8682,8683],{},"no",", the result is still ",[15,8686,173],{}," because ",[15,8689,8690],{},"\"no\"",[20,8692,8693],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[43,8695,8697],{"className":45,"code":8696,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8698,8699,8730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8700,8701,8703,8705,8707,8709,8711,8713,8715,8718,8721,8724,8727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8702,2563],{"class":58},[52,8704,63],{"class":62},[52,8706,8328],{"class":101},[52,8708,105],{"class":66},[52,8710,757],{"class":756},[52,8712,8660],{"class":760},[52,8714,757],{"class":756},[52,8716,8717],{"class":66},").",[52,8719,8720],{"class":108},"strip",[52,8722,8723],{"class":66},"().",[52,8725,8726],{"class":108},"lower",[52,8728,8729],{"class":66},"()\n",[52,8731,8732,8734,8736,8738,8740,8742,8745,8747],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8733,118],{"class":101},[52,8735,105],{"class":66},[52,8737,2563],{"class":108},[52,8739,4780],{"class":62},[52,8741,768],{"class":756},[52,8743,8744],{"class":760},"yes",[52,8746,757],{"class":756},[52,8748,112],{"class":66},[20,8750,8751,8752,8754,8755,242],{},"This gives ",[15,8753,173],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8756,8744],{},[461,8758,8760],{"id":8759},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8762,8763],{},"These are different:",[153,8765,8766,8770,8774,8778,8782],{},[156,8767,8768],{},[15,8769,655],{},[156,8771,8772],{},[15,8773,207],{},[156,8775,8776],{},[15,8777,831],{},[156,8779,8780],{},[15,8781,3887],{},[156,8783,8784],{},[15,8785,3878],{},[20,8787,8788,8789,8791,8792,8794],{},"They all become ",[15,8790,655],{}," with ",[15,8793,3913],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8796,8797],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[43,8799,8801],{"className":45,"code":8800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8802,8803,8811,8825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8804,8805,8807,8809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8806,2563],{"class":58},[52,8808,63],{"class":62},[52,8810,7923],{"class":66},[52,8812,8813,8815,8817,8819,8821,8823],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8814,118],{"class":101},[52,8816,105],{"class":66},[52,8818,1827],{"class":1184},[52,8820,105],{"class":66},[52,8822,2588],{"class":108},[52,8824,510],{"class":66},[52,8826,8827,8829,8831,8833,8835,8837],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,8828,118],{"class":101},[52,8830,105],{"class":66},[52,8832,3966],{"class":1184},[52,8834,105],{"class":66},[52,8836,2588],{"class":108},[52,8838,510],{"class":66},[20,8840,311],{},[43,8842,8844],{"className":45,"code":8843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8845,8846,8860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8847,8848,8850,8852,8854,8856,8858],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8849,3395],{"class":62},[52,8851,3398],{"class":2184},[52,8853,3401],{"class":756},[52,8855,8179],{"class":760},[52,8857,3406],{"class":756},[52,8859,3409],{"class":62},[52,8861,8862],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8863,4133],{"class":674},[461,8865,1372,8867,8869],{"id":8866},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8868,3892],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8871,8872,8873,8875],{},"In Python, ",[15,8874,3892],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[43,8877,8879],{"className":45,"code":8878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8880,8881],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8882,8883,8885,8887,8889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8884,118],{"class":101},[52,8886,105],{"class":66},[52,8888,1827],{"class":1184},[52,8890,7540],{"class":66},[20,8892,311],{},[43,8894,8896],{"className":45,"code":8895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8897,8898],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8899,8900,8902,8904,8906,8909,8911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8901,3395],{"class":62},[52,8903,3398],{"class":2184},[52,8905,3401],{"class":756},[52,8907,8908],{"class":760},"dict",[52,8910,3406],{"class":756},[52,8912,3409],{"class":62},[20,8914,8915],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[43,8917,8919],{"className":45,"code":8918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8920,8921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8922,8923,8925,8927,8929,8931,8933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8924,118],{"class":101},[52,8926,105],{"class":66},[52,8928,1827],{"class":1184},[52,8930,105],{"class":66},[52,8932,6372],{"class":1184},[52,8934,6375],{"class":66},[20,8936,311],{},[43,8938,8940],{"className":45,"code":8939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8941,8942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8943,8944,8946,8948,8950,8952,8954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8945,3395],{"class":62},[52,8947,3398],{"class":2184},[52,8949,3401],{"class":756},[52,8951,6372],{"class":760},[52,8953,3406],{"class":756},[52,8955,3409],{"class":62},[38,8957,8959],{"id":8958},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8961,1800,8962,8964],{},[15,8963,3913],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[43,8966,8968],{"className":45,"code":8967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8969,8970,8984,8998,9008,9026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,8971,8972,8974,8976,8978,8980,8982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,8973,118],{"class":101},[52,8975,105],{"class":66},[52,8977,3966],{"class":1184},[52,8979,105],{"class":66},[52,8981,2588],{"class":108},[52,8983,510],{"class":66},[52,8985,8986,8988,8990,8992,8994,8996],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,8987,118],{"class":101},[52,8989,105],{"class":66},[52,8991,1827],{"class":1184},[52,8993,105],{"class":66},[52,8995,2588],{"class":108},[52,8997,510],{"class":66},[52,8999,9000,9002,9004,9006],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,9001,118],{"class":101},[52,9003,105],{"class":66},[52,9005,2588],{"class":108},[52,9007,112],{"class":66},[52,9009,9010,9012,9014,9016,9018,9020,9022,9024],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,9011,118],{"class":101},[52,9013,105],{"class":66},[52,9015,2563],{"class":108},[52,9017,4780],{"class":62},[52,9019,768],{"class":756},[52,9021,173],{"class":760},[52,9023,757],{"class":756},[52,9025,112],{"class":66},[52,9027,9028,9030,9032,9034,9036,9038,9040,9042],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,9029,118],{"class":101},[52,9031,105],{"class":66},[52,9033,2588],{"class":108},[52,9035,242],{"class":66},[52,9037,8720],{"class":108},[52,9039,8723],{"class":66},[52,9041,8726],{"class":108},[52,9043,7276],{"class":66},[20,9045,9046],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[153,9048,9049,9052,9055,9058],{},[156,9050,9051],{},"what the value really is",[156,9053,9054],{},"whether it is a string",[156,9056,9057],{},"whether it contains spaces",[156,9059,9060],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,9062,9063,9064,242],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[236,9065,9067],{"href":9066},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[38,9069,1919],{"id":1918},[461,9071,9073],{"id":9072},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,9075,9076,9077,1943,9079,242],{},"It returns either ",[15,9078,173],{},[15,9080,655],{},[461,9082,9084],{"id":9083},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,9086,5240,9087,242],{},[15,9088,655],{},[461,9090,9092],{"id":9091},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,9094,9095,9096,242],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,9097,173],{},[461,9099,9101],{"id":9100},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,9103,9104,9105,242],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,9106,655],{},[461,9108,9110],{"id":9109},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,9112,9113,9114,1943,9116,3836],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,9115,173],{},[15,9117,655],{},[38,9119,1986],{"id":1985},[153,9121,9122,9127,9131,9136,9140,9145],{},[156,9123,9124],{},[236,9125,9126],{"href":5866},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[156,9128,9129],{},[236,9130,8195],{"href":8194},[156,9132,9133],{},[236,9134,9135],{"href":8305},"Python input() function explained",[156,9137,9138],{},[236,9139,8527],{"href":2417},[156,9141,9142],{},[236,9143,9144],{"href":9066},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[156,9146,9147],{},[236,9148,9149],{"href":7292},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[2029,9151,9152],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":9154},[9155,9156,9157,9158,9159,9160,9166,9172,9173,9181,9182,9189],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":7229,"depth":93,"text":7230},{"id":7296,"depth":93,"text":7297},{"id":7415,"depth":93,"text":7416},{"id":7610,"depth":93,"text":7611},{"id":7842,"depth":93,"text":7843,"children":9161},[9162,9163,9164,9165],{"id":7852,"depth":115,"text":7853},{"id":7950,"depth":115,"text":7951},{"id":8035,"depth":115,"text":8036},{"id":8108,"depth":115,"text":8109},{"id":8198,"depth":93,"text":8199,"children":9167},[9168,9170],{"id":8211,"depth":115,"text":9169},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":8251,"depth":115,"text":9171},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":8368,"depth":93,"text":8369},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":9174},[9175,9177,9178,9179],{"id":8537,"depth":115,"text":9176},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8634,"depth":115,"text":8635},{"id":8759,"depth":115,"text":8760},{"id":8866,"depth":115,"text":9180},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8958,"depth":93,"text":8959},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":9183},[9184,9185,9186,9187,9188],{"id":9072,"depth":115,"text":9073},{"id":9083,"depth":115,"text":9084},{"id":9091,"depth":115,"text":9092},{"id":9100,"depth":115,"text":9101},{"id":9109,"depth":115,"text":9110},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":7056,"description":9190},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":9197,"title":9198,"body":9199,"description":11393,"extension":2083,"meta":11394,"navigation":296,"path":11395,"seo":11396,"stem":11397,"__hash__":11398},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":9200,"toc":11355},[9201,9207,9212,9219,9224,9235,9242,9350,9354,9423,9428,9433,9438,9441,9452,9457,9460,9471,9478,9480,9485,9489,9514,9518,9527,9531,9594,9598,9631,9635,9680,9684,9721,9725,9728,9784,9788,9834,9837,9842,9881,9885,9908,9911,9925,9938,9942,9947,10014,10018,10054,10057,10065,10068,10132,10136,10168,10174,10176,10236,10243,10246,10324,10328,10361,10365,10368,10412,10416,10452,10455,10472,10475,10478,10531,10534,10545,10552,10561,10564,10622,10626,10667,10675,10683,10689,10697,10709,10714,10725,10798,10801,10813,10829,10833,10838,10842,10844,10887,10893,10896,10959,10963,10966,10975,10980,11017,11021,11024,11032,11035,11074,11078,11081,11132,11136,11157,11164,11166,11172,11199,11202,11257,11260,11271,11273,11280,11288,11294,11299,11306,11309,11316,11323,11325,11352],[10,9202,13,9204,18],{"id":9203},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,9205,9206],{},"dict()",[20,9208,22,9209,9211],{},[15,9210,9206],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,9213,9214,9215,9218],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3842,9216,9217],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,9220,9221,9223],{},[15,9222,9206],{}," is commonly used to:",[153,9225,9226,9229,9232],{},[156,9227,9228],{},"create an empty dictionary",[156,9230,9231],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[156,9233,9234],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9236,9237,9238,242],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[236,9239,9241],{"href":9240},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[43,9243,9245],{"className":45,"code":9244,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,9246,9247,9281,9292,9296,9335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9248,9249,9252,9254,9257,9259,9261,9263,9265,9267,9269,9271,9274,9276,9279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9250,9251],{"class":58},"data ",[52,9253,63],{"class":62},[52,9255,9256],{"class":1184}," dict",[52,9258,105],{"class":66},[52,9260,7751],{"class":201},[52,9262,63],{"class":62},[52,9264,3406],{"class":756},[52,9266,5097],{"class":760},[52,9268,3406],{"class":756},[52,9270,74],{"class":66},[52,9272,9273],{"class":201}," age",[52,9275,63],{"class":62},[52,9277,9278],{"class":70},"25",[52,9280,112],{"class":66},[52,9282,9283,9285,9287,9290],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9284,118],{"class":101},[52,9286,105],{"class":66},[52,9288,9289],{"class":108},"data",[52,9291,112],{"class":66},[52,9293,9294],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,9295,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,9297,9298,9301,9303,9306,9308,9310,9312,9314,9316,9319,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,9299,9300],{"class":58},"pairs ",[52,9302,63],{"class":62},[52,9304,9305],{"class":66}," [(",[52,9307,3406],{"class":756},[52,9309,236],{"class":760},[52,9311,3406],{"class":756},[52,9313,74],{"class":66},[52,9315,5586],{"class":70},[52,9317,9318],{"class":66},"),",[52,9320,9321],{"class":66}," (",[52,9323,3406],{"class":756},[52,9325,4853],{"class":760},[52,9327,3406],{"class":756},[52,9329,74],{"class":66},[52,9331,77],{"class":70},[52,9333,9334],{"class":66},")]\n",[52,9336,9337,9339,9341,9343,9345,9348],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,9338,118],{"class":101},[52,9340,105],{"class":66},[52,9342,8908],{"class":1184},[52,9344,105],{"class":66},[52,9346,9347],{"class":108},"pairs",[52,9349,510],{"class":66},[20,9351,9352],{},[3842,9353,311],{},[43,9355,9357],{"className":45,"code":9356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9358,9359,9395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9360,9361,9364,9366,9368,9370,9372,9374,9376,9378,9380,9382,9385,9387,9389,9392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9362,9363],{"class":66},"{",[52,9365,3406],{"class":756},[52,9367,7751],{"class":760},[52,9369,3406],{"class":756},[52,9371,1772],{"class":66},[52,9373,3401],{"class":756},[52,9375,5097],{"class":760},[52,9377,3406],{"class":756},[52,9379,74],{"class":66},[52,9381,3401],{"class":756},[52,9383,9384],{"class":760},"age",[52,9386,3406],{"class":756},[52,9388,1772],{"class":66},[52,9390,9391],{"class":70}," 25",[52,9393,9394],{"class":66},"}\n",[52,9396,9397,9399,9401,9403,9405,9407,9409,9411,9413,9415,9417,9419,9421],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9398,9363],{"class":66},[52,9400,3406],{"class":756},[52,9402,236],{"class":760},[52,9404,3406],{"class":756},[52,9406,1772],{"class":66},[52,9408,5586],{"class":70},[52,9410,74],{"class":66},[52,9412,3401],{"class":756},[52,9414,4853],{"class":760},[52,9416,3406],{"class":756},[52,9418,1772],{"class":66},[52,9420,77],{"class":70},[52,9422,9394],{"class":66},[20,9424,133,9425,9427],{},[15,9426,9206],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[38,9429,140,9431,143],{"id":9430},"what-dict-does",[15,9432,9206],{},[20,9434,9435,9437],{},[15,9436,9206],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,9439,9440],{},"A dictionary:",[153,9442,9443,9446,9449],{},[156,9444,9445],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[156,9447,9448],{},"lets you look up values by key",[156,9450,9451],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,9453,9454,9456],{},[15,9455,9206],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,9458,9459],{},"Common uses include:",[153,9461,9462,9465,9468],{},[156,9463,9464],{},"making an empty dictionary",[156,9466,9467],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[156,9469,9470],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,9472,9473,9474,242],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[236,9475,9477],{"href":9476},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[38,9479,181],{"id":180},[20,9481,9482,9484],{},[15,9483,9206],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[461,9486,9488],{"id":9487},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[43,9490,9492],{"className":45,"code":9491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9493,9494,9504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9495,9496,9498,9500,9502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9497,9251],{"class":58},[52,9499,63],{"class":62},[52,9501,9256],{"class":1184},[52,9503,8729],{"class":66},[52,9505,9506,9508,9510,9512],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9507,118],{"class":101},[52,9509,105],{"class":66},[52,9511,9289],{"class":108},[52,9513,112],{"class":66},[20,9515,9516],{},[3842,9517,311],{},[43,9519,9521],{"className":45,"code":9520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n",[15,9522,9523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9524,9525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9526,9520],{"class":66},[461,9528,9530],{"id":9529},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[43,9532,9534],{"className":45,"code":9533,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9535,9536,9570,9584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9537,9538,9540,9542,9544,9546,9548,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564,9566,9568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9539,9300],{"class":58},[52,9541,63],{"class":62},[52,9543,9305],{"class":66},[52,9545,3406],{"class":756},[52,9547,236],{"class":760},[52,9549,3406],{"class":756},[52,9551,74],{"class":66},[52,9553,5586],{"class":70},[52,9555,9318],{"class":66},[52,9557,9321],{"class":66},[52,9559,3406],{"class":756},[52,9561,4853],{"class":760},[52,9563,3406],{"class":756},[52,9565,74],{"class":66},[52,9567,77],{"class":70},[52,9569,9334],{"class":66},[52,9571,9572,9574,9576,9578,9580,9582],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9573,9251],{"class":58},[52,9575,63],{"class":62},[52,9577,9256],{"class":1184},[52,9579,105],{"class":66},[52,9581,9347],{"class":108},[52,9583,112],{"class":66},[52,9585,9586,9588,9590,9592],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,9587,118],{"class":101},[52,9589,105],{"class":66},[52,9591,9289],{"class":108},[52,9593,112],{"class":66},[20,9595,9596],{},[3842,9597,311],{},[43,9599,9601],{"className":45,"code":9600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9602,9603],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9604,9605,9607,9609,9611,9613,9615,9617,9619,9621,9623,9625,9627,9629],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9606,9363],{"class":66},[52,9608,3406],{"class":756},[52,9610,236],{"class":760},[52,9612,3406],{"class":756},[52,9614,1772],{"class":66},[52,9616,5586],{"class":70},[52,9618,74],{"class":66},[52,9620,3401],{"class":756},[52,9622,4853],{"class":760},[52,9624,3406],{"class":756},[52,9626,1772],{"class":66},[52,9628,77],{"class":70},[52,9630,9394],{"class":66},[461,9632,9634],{"id":9633},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[43,9636,9638],{"className":45,"code":9637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9639,9640,9670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9641,9642,9644,9646,9648,9650,9652,9654,9656,9658,9660,9662,9664,9666,9668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9643,9251],{"class":58},[52,9645,63],{"class":62},[52,9647,9256],{"class":1184},[52,9649,105],{"class":66},[52,9651,7751],{"class":201},[52,9653,63],{"class":62},[52,9655,3406],{"class":756},[52,9657,5097],{"class":760},[52,9659,3406],{"class":756},[52,9661,74],{"class":66},[52,9663,9273],{"class":201},[52,9665,63],{"class":62},[52,9667,9278],{"class":70},[52,9669,112],{"class":66},[52,9671,9672,9674,9676,9678],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9673,118],{"class":101},[52,9675,105],{"class":66},[52,9677,9289],{"class":108},[52,9679,112],{"class":66},[20,9681,9682],{},[3842,9683,311],{},[43,9685,9687],{"className":45,"code":9686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9688,9689],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9690,9691,9693,9695,9697,9699,9701,9703,9705,9707,9709,9711,9713,9715,9717,9719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9692,9363],{"class":66},[52,9694,3406],{"class":756},[52,9696,7751],{"class":760},[52,9698,3406],{"class":756},[52,9700,1772],{"class":66},[52,9702,3401],{"class":756},[52,9704,5097],{"class":760},[52,9706,3406],{"class":756},[52,9708,74],{"class":66},[52,9710,3401],{"class":756},[52,9712,9384],{"class":760},[52,9714,3406],{"class":756},[52,9716,1772],{"class":66},[52,9718,9391],{"class":70},[52,9720,9394],{"class":66},[461,9722,9724],{"id":9723},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9726,9727],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[43,9729,9731],{"className":45,"code":9730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9732,9733,9774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9734,9735,9737,9739,9741,9744,9746,9748,9750,9752,9754,9757,9759,9761,9763,9765,9768,9770,9772],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9736,9251],{"class":58},[52,9738,63],{"class":62},[52,9740,9256],{"class":1184},[52,9742,9743],{"class":66},"([(",[52,9745,3406],{"class":756},[52,9747,236],{"class":760},[52,9749,3406],{"class":756},[52,9751,74],{"class":66},[52,9753,5586],{"class":70},[52,9755,9756],{"class":66},")],",[52,9758,2673],{"class":201},[52,9760,63],{"class":62},[52,9762,440],{"class":70},[52,9764,74],{"class":66},[52,9766,9767],{"class":201}," c",[52,9769,63],{"class":62},[52,9771,445],{"class":70},[52,9773,112],{"class":66},[52,9775,9776,9778,9780,9782],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9777,118],{"class":101},[52,9779,105],{"class":66},[52,9781,9289],{"class":108},[52,9783,112],{"class":66},[20,9785,9786],{},[3842,9787,311],{},[43,9789,9791],{"className":45,"code":9790,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9792,9793],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9794,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9809,9811,9813,9815,9817,9819,9821,9823,9826,9828,9830,9832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9796,9363],{"class":66},[52,9798,3406],{"class":756},[52,9800,236],{"class":760},[52,9802,3406],{"class":756},[52,9804,1772],{"class":66},[52,9806,5586],{"class":70},[52,9808,74],{"class":66},[52,9810,3401],{"class":756},[52,9812,4853],{"class":760},[52,9814,3406],{"class":756},[52,9816,1772],{"class":66},[52,9818,77],{"class":70},[52,9820,74],{"class":66},[52,9822,3401],{"class":756},[52,9824,9825],{"class":760},"c",[52,9827,3406],{"class":756},[52,9829,1772],{"class":66},[52,9831,82],{"class":70},[52,9833,9394],{"class":66},[38,9835,9488],{"id":9836},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9838,133,9839,9841],{},[15,9840,9206],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[43,9843,9845],{"className":45,"code":9844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9846,9847,9857,9871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9848,9849,9851,9853,9855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9850,9251],{"class":58},[52,9852,63],{"class":62},[52,9854,9256],{"class":1184},[52,9856,8729],{"class":66},[52,9858,9859,9861,9863,9865,9867,9869],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9860,118],{"class":101},[52,9862,105],{"class":66},[52,9864,1827],{"class":1184},[52,9866,105],{"class":66},[52,9868,9289],{"class":108},[52,9870,510],{"class":66},[52,9872,9873,9875,9877,9879],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,9874,118],{"class":101},[52,9876,105],{"class":66},[52,9878,9289],{"class":108},[52,9880,112],{"class":66},[20,9882,9883],{},[3842,9884,311],{},[43,9886,9888],{"className":45,"code":9887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9889,9890,9904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9891,9892,9894,9896,9898,9900,9902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9893,3395],{"class":62},[52,9895,3398],{"class":2184},[52,9897,3401],{"class":756},[52,9899,8908],{"class":760},[52,9901,3406],{"class":756},[52,9903,3409],{"class":62},[52,9905,9906],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9907,9520],{"class":66},[20,9909,9910],{},"This gives the same result as:",[43,9912,9914],{"className":45,"code":9913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n",[15,9915,9916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9917,9918,9920,9922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9919,9251],{"class":58},[52,9921,63],{"class":62},[52,9923,9924],{"class":66}," {}\n",[20,9926,9927,9928,9930,9931,9934,9935,9937],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9929,3892],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[9932,9933],"br",{},"\nStill, ",[15,9936,9206],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[38,9939,9941],{"id":9940},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9943,9944,9945,242],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9946,9206],{},[43,9948,9950],{"className":45,"code":9949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9951,9952,9990,10004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,9953,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976,9978,9980,9982,9984,9986,9988],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,9955,9300],{"class":58},[52,9957,63],{"class":62},[52,9959,9305],{"class":66},[52,9961,3406],{"class":756},[52,9963,7751],{"class":760},[52,9965,3406],{"class":756},[52,9967,74],{"class":66},[52,9969,3401],{"class":756},[52,9971,5097],{"class":760},[52,9973,3406],{"class":756},[52,9975,9318],{"class":66},[52,9977,9321],{"class":66},[52,9979,3406],{"class":756},[52,9981,9384],{"class":760},[52,9983,3406],{"class":756},[52,9985,74],{"class":66},[52,9987,9391],{"class":70},[52,9989,9334],{"class":66},[52,9991,9992,9994,9996,9998,10000,10002],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,9993,9251],{"class":58},[52,9995,63],{"class":62},[52,9997,9256],{"class":1184},[52,9999,105],{"class":66},[52,10001,9347],{"class":108},[52,10003,112],{"class":66},[52,10005,10006,10008,10010,10012],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,10007,118],{"class":101},[52,10009,105],{"class":66},[52,10011,9289],{"class":108},[52,10013,112],{"class":66},[20,10015,10016],{},[3842,10017,311],{},[43,10019,10020],{"className":45,"code":9686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10021,10022],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10023,10024,10026,10028,10030,10032,10034,10036,10038,10040,10042,10044,10046,10048,10050,10052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10025,9363],{"class":66},[52,10027,3406],{"class":756},[52,10029,7751],{"class":760},[52,10031,3406],{"class":756},[52,10033,1772],{"class":66},[52,10035,3401],{"class":756},[52,10037,5097],{"class":760},[52,10039,3406],{"class":756},[52,10041,74],{"class":66},[52,10043,3401],{"class":756},[52,10045,9384],{"class":760},[52,10047,3406],{"class":756},[52,10049,1772],{"class":66},[52,10051,9391],{"class":70},[52,10053,9394],{"class":66},[20,10055,10056],{},"Each pair becomes:",[153,10058,10059,10062],{},[156,10060,10061],{},"the first item as the key",[156,10063,10064],{},"the second item as the value",[20,10066,10067],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[43,10069,10071],{"className":45,"code":10070,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10072,10073,10108,10122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10074,10075,10077,10079,10082,10084,10086,10088,10090,10092,10094,10096,10098,10100,10102,10104,10106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10076,9300],{"class":58},[52,10078,63],{"class":62},[52,10080,10081],{"class":66}," ((",[52,10083,3406],{"class":756},[52,10085,236],{"class":760},[52,10087,3406],{"class":756},[52,10089,74],{"class":66},[52,10091,5586],{"class":70},[52,10093,9318],{"class":66},[52,10095,9321],{"class":66},[52,10097,3406],{"class":756},[52,10099,4853],{"class":760},[52,10101,3406],{"class":756},[52,10103,74],{"class":66},[52,10105,77],{"class":70},[52,10107,510],{"class":66},[52,10109,10110,10112,10114,10116,10118,10120],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10111,9251],{"class":58},[52,10113,63],{"class":62},[52,10115,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10117,105],{"class":66},[52,10119,9347],{"class":108},[52,10121,112],{"class":66},[52,10123,10124,10126,10128,10130],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,10125,118],{"class":101},[52,10127,105],{"class":66},[52,10129,9289],{"class":108},[52,10131,112],{"class":66},[20,10133,10134],{},[3842,10135,311],{},[43,10137,10138],{"className":45,"code":9600,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10139,10140],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10141,10142,10144,10146,10148,10150,10152,10154,10156,10158,10160,10162,10164,10166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10143,9363],{"class":66},[52,10145,3406],{"class":756},[52,10147,236],{"class":760},[52,10149,3406],{"class":756},[52,10151,1772],{"class":66},[52,10153,5586],{"class":70},[52,10155,74],{"class":66},[52,10157,3401],{"class":756},[52,10159,4853],{"class":760},[52,10161,3406],{"class":756},[52,10163,1772],{"class":66},[52,10165,77],{"class":70},[52,10167,9394],{"class":66},[20,10169,10170,10171,242],{},"Each item must contain ",[3842,10172,10173],{},"exactly two elements",[20,10175,739],{},[43,10177,10179],{"className":45,"code":10178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,10180,10181,10221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10182,10183,10186,10188,10190,10192,10194,10196,10198,10200,10202,10205,10207,10209,10211,10213,10215,10217,10219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10184,10185],{"class":58},"bad_data ",[52,10187,63],{"class":62},[52,10189,9305],{"class":66},[52,10191,3406],{"class":756},[52,10193,236],{"class":760},[52,10195,3406],{"class":756},[52,10197,74],{"class":66},[52,10199,5586],{"class":70},[52,10201,74],{"class":66},[52,10203,10204],{"class":70}," 100",[52,10206,9318],{"class":66},[52,10208,9321],{"class":66},[52,10210,3406],{"class":756},[52,10212,4853],{"class":760},[52,10214,3406],{"class":756},[52,10216,74],{"class":66},[52,10218,77],{"class":70},[52,10220,9334],{"class":66},[52,10222,10223,10225,10227,10229,10231,10234],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10224,2347],{"class":58},[52,10226,63],{"class":62},[52,10228,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10230,105],{"class":66},[52,10232,10233],{"class":108},"bad_data",[52,10235,112],{"class":66},[20,10237,10238,10239,10242],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,10240,10241],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,10244,10245],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[43,10247,10249],{"className":45,"code":10248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10250,10251,10300,10314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10252,10253,10255,10257,10259,10261,10263,10265,10267,10269,10271,10273,10275,10277,10279,10281,10284,10286,10288,10290,10292,10294,10296,10298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10254,9300],{"class":58},[52,10256,63],{"class":62},[52,10258,9305],{"class":66},[52,10260,3406],{"class":756},[52,10262,236],{"class":760},[52,10264,3406],{"class":756},[52,10266,74],{"class":66},[52,10268,5586],{"class":70},[52,10270,9318],{"class":66},[52,10272,9321],{"class":66},[52,10274,3406],{"class":756},[52,10276,236],{"class":760},[52,10278,3406],{"class":756},[52,10280,74],{"class":66},[52,10282,10283],{"class":70}," 99",[52,10285,9318],{"class":66},[52,10287,9321],{"class":66},[52,10289,3406],{"class":756},[52,10291,4853],{"class":760},[52,10293,3406],{"class":756},[52,10295,74],{"class":66},[52,10297,77],{"class":70},[52,10299,9334],{"class":66},[52,10301,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10303,9251],{"class":58},[52,10305,63],{"class":62},[52,10307,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10309,105],{"class":66},[52,10311,9347],{"class":108},[52,10313,112],{"class":66},[52,10315,10316,10318,10320,10322],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,10317,118],{"class":101},[52,10319,105],{"class":66},[52,10321,9289],{"class":108},[52,10323,112],{"class":66},[20,10325,10326],{},[3842,10327,311],{},[43,10329,10331],{"className":45,"code":10330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,10332,10333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10334,10335,10337,10339,10341,10343,10345,10347,10349,10351,10353,10355,10357,10359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10336,9363],{"class":66},[52,10338,3406],{"class":756},[52,10340,236],{"class":760},[52,10342,3406],{"class":756},[52,10344,1772],{"class":66},[52,10346,10283],{"class":70},[52,10348,74],{"class":66},[52,10350,3401],{"class":756},[52,10352,4853],{"class":760},[52,10354,3406],{"class":756},[52,10356,1772],{"class":66},[52,10358,77],{"class":70},[52,10360,9394],{"class":66},[38,10362,10364],{"id":10363},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,10366,10367],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[43,10369,10370],{"className":45,"code":9637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10371,10372,10402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10373,10374,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396,10398,10400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10375,9251],{"class":58},[52,10377,63],{"class":62},[52,10379,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10381,105],{"class":66},[52,10383,7751],{"class":201},[52,10385,63],{"class":62},[52,10387,3406],{"class":756},[52,10389,5097],{"class":760},[52,10391,3406],{"class":756},[52,10393,74],{"class":66},[52,10395,9273],{"class":201},[52,10397,63],{"class":62},[52,10399,9278],{"class":70},[52,10401,112],{"class":66},[52,10403,10404,10406,10408,10410],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10405,118],{"class":101},[52,10407,105],{"class":66},[52,10409,9289],{"class":108},[52,10411,112],{"class":66},[20,10413,10414],{},[3842,10415,311],{},[43,10417,10418],{"className":45,"code":9686,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10419,10420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10421,10422,10424,10426,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10423,9363],{"class":66},[52,10425,3406],{"class":756},[52,10427,7751],{"class":760},[52,10429,3406],{"class":756},[52,10431,1772],{"class":66},[52,10433,3401],{"class":756},[52,10435,5097],{"class":760},[52,10437,3406],{"class":756},[52,10439,74],{"class":66},[52,10441,3401],{"class":756},[52,10443,9384],{"class":760},[52,10445,3406],{"class":756},[52,10447,1772],{"class":66},[52,10449,9391],{"class":70},[52,10451,9394],{"class":66},[20,10453,10454],{},"In this form:",[153,10456,10457,10465],{},[156,10458,10459,10461,10462],{},[15,10460,7751],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,10463,10464],{},"'name'",[156,10466,10467,10461,10469],{},[15,10468,9384],{},[15,10470,10471],{},"'age'",[20,10473,10474],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10476,10477],{},"Valid examples:",[43,10479,10481],{"className":45,"code":10480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10482,10483,10521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10484,10485,10487,10489,10491,10493,10496,10498,10500,10503,10505,10507,10510,10512,10514,10517,10519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10486,9251],{"class":58},[52,10488,63],{"class":62},[52,10490,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10492,105],{"class":66},[52,10494,10495],{"class":201},"city",[52,10497,63],{"class":62},[52,10499,3406],{"class":756},[52,10501,10502],{"class":760},"Paris",[52,10504,3406],{"class":756},[52,10506,74],{"class":66},[52,10508,10509],{"class":201}," country",[52,10511,63],{"class":62},[52,10513,3406],{"class":756},[52,10515,10516],{"class":760},"France",[52,10518,3406],{"class":756},[52,10520,112],{"class":66},[52,10522,10523,10525,10527,10529],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10524,118],{"class":101},[52,10526,105],{"class":66},[52,10528,9289],{"class":108},[52,10530,112],{"class":66},[20,10532,10533],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[153,10535,10536,10539,10542],{},[156,10537,10538],{},"spaces",[156,10540,10541],{},"hyphens",[156,10543,10544],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10546,10547,10548,10551],{},"For example, this is ",[3842,10549,10550],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[43,10553,10555],{"className":45,"code":10554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10556,10557],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10558,10559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10560,10554],{"class":129},[20,10562,10563],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[43,10565,10567],{"className":45,"code":10566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10568,10569,10612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10570,10571,10573,10575,10578,10580,10583,10585,10587,10589,10591,10593,10595,10597,10600,10602,10604,10606,10608,10610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10572,9251],{"class":58},[52,10574,63],{"class":62},[52,10576,10577],{"class":66}," {",[52,10579,3406],{"class":756},[52,10581,10582],{"class":760},"first-name",[52,10584,3406],{"class":756},[52,10586,1772],{"class":66},[52,10588,3401],{"class":756},[52,10590,7760],{"class":760},[52,10592,3406],{"class":756},[52,10594,74],{"class":66},[52,10596,3401],{"class":756},[52,10598,10599],{"class":760},"first name",[52,10601,3406],{"class":756},[52,10603,1772],{"class":66},[52,10605,3401],{"class":756},[52,10607,7760],{"class":760},[52,10609,3406],{"class":756},[52,10611,9394],{"class":66},[52,10613,10614,10616,10618,10620],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10615,118],{"class":101},[52,10617,105],{"class":66},[52,10619,9289],{"class":108},[52,10621,112],{"class":66},[20,10623,10624],{},[3842,10625,311],{},[43,10627,10629],{"className":45,"code":10628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10630,10631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10632,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645,10647,10649,10651,10653,10655,10657,10659,10661,10663,10665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10634,9363],{"class":66},[52,10636,3406],{"class":756},[52,10638,10582],{"class":760},[52,10640,3406],{"class":756},[52,10642,1772],{"class":66},[52,10644,3401],{"class":756},[52,10646,7760],{"class":760},[52,10648,3406],{"class":756},[52,10650,74],{"class":66},[52,10652,3401],{"class":756},[52,10654,10599],{"class":760},[52,10656,3406],{"class":756},[52,10658,1772],{"class":66},[52,10660,3401],{"class":756},[52,10662,7760],{"class":760},[52,10664,3406],{"class":756},[52,10666,9394],{"class":66},[38,10668,10670,10672,10673],{"id":10669},"dict-vs",[15,10671,9206],{}," vs ",[15,10674,3892],{},[20,10676,10677,10678,652,10680,10682],{},"Both ",[15,10679,9206],{},[15,10681,3892],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[461,10684,133,10686,10688],{"id":10685},"use-when",[15,10687,3892],{}," when:",[153,10690,10691,10694],{},[156,10692,10693],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[156,10695,10696],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[43,10698,10699],{"className":45,"code":9913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,10700,10701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10702,10703,10705,10707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10704,9251],{"class":58},[52,10706,63],{"class":62},[52,10708,9924],{"class":66},[461,10710,133,10712,10688],{"id":10711},"use-dict-when",[15,10713,9206],{},[153,10715,10716,10719,10722],{},[156,10717,10718],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[156,10720,10721],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[156,10723,10724],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[43,10726,10728],{"className":45,"code":10727,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10729,10730,10767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10731,10732,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744,10746,10748,10750,10752,10754,10756,10758,10760,10762,10764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10733,9251],{"class":58},[52,10735,63],{"class":62},[52,10737,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10739,9743],{"class":66},[52,10741,3406],{"class":756},[52,10743,236],{"class":760},[52,10745,3406],{"class":756},[52,10747,74],{"class":66},[52,10749,5586],{"class":70},[52,10751,9318],{"class":66},[52,10753,9321],{"class":66},[52,10755,3406],{"class":756},[52,10757,4853],{"class":760},[52,10759,3406],{"class":756},[52,10761,74],{"class":66},[52,10763,77],{"class":70},[52,10765,10766],{"class":66},")])\n",[52,10768,10769,10772,10774,10776,10778,10780,10782,10784,10786,10788,10790,10792,10794,10796],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10770,10771],{"class":58},"info ",[52,10773,63],{"class":62},[52,10775,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10777,105],{"class":66},[52,10779,7751],{"class":201},[52,10781,63],{"class":62},[52,10783,3406],{"class":756},[52,10785,5097],{"class":760},[52,10787,3406],{"class":756},[52,10789,74],{"class":66},[52,10791,9273],{"class":201},[52,10793,63],{"class":62},[52,10795,9278],{"class":70},[52,10797,112],{"class":66},[20,10799,10800],{},"So:",[153,10802,10803,10808],{},[156,10804,10805,10807],{},[15,10806,3892],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[156,10809,10810,10812],{},[15,10811,9206],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10814,10815,10816,10820,10821,242],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[236,10817,10819],{"href":10818},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[236,10822,10824,10825,10828],{"href":10823},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10826,10827],{},"get()"," method",[38,10830,10832],{"id":10831},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10834,10835,10836,242],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10837,9206],{},[461,10839,10841],{"id":10840},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10843,1005],{},[43,10845,10847],{"className":45,"code":10846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10848,10849,10873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10850,10851,10853,10855,10857,10859,10861,10863,10865,10867,10869,10871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10852,7863],{"class":58},[52,10854,63],{"class":62},[52,10856,67],{"class":66},[52,10858,3406],{"class":756},[52,10860,236],{"class":760},[52,10862,3406],{"class":756},[52,10864,74],{"class":66},[52,10866,3401],{"class":756},[52,10868,4853],{"class":760},[52,10870,3406],{"class":756},[52,10872,90],{"class":66},[52,10874,10875,10877,10879,10881,10883,10885],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10876,9251],{"class":58},[52,10878,63],{"class":62},[52,10880,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10882,105],{"class":66},[52,10884,7894],{"class":108},[52,10886,112],{"class":66},[20,10888,10889,10890,242],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10891,10892],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10894,10895],{},"Correct version:",[43,10897,10899],{"className":45,"code":10898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10900,10901,10935,10949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10902,10903,10905,10907,10909,10911,10913,10915,10917,10919,10921,10923,10925,10927,10929,10931,10933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10904,7863],{"class":58},[52,10906,63],{"class":62},[52,10908,9305],{"class":66},[52,10910,3406],{"class":756},[52,10912,236],{"class":760},[52,10914,3406],{"class":756},[52,10916,74],{"class":66},[52,10918,5586],{"class":70},[52,10920,9318],{"class":66},[52,10922,9321],{"class":66},[52,10924,3406],{"class":756},[52,10926,4853],{"class":760},[52,10928,3406],{"class":756},[52,10930,74],{"class":66},[52,10932,77],{"class":70},[52,10934,9334],{"class":66},[52,10936,10937,10939,10941,10943,10945,10947],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,10938,9251],{"class":58},[52,10940,63],{"class":62},[52,10942,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10944,105],{"class":66},[52,10946,7894],{"class":108},[52,10948,112],{"class":66},[52,10950,10951,10953,10955,10957],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,10952,118],{"class":101},[52,10954,105],{"class":66},[52,10956,9289],{"class":108},[52,10958,112],{"class":66},[461,10960,10962],{"id":10961},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10964,10965],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[43,10967,10969],{"className":45,"code":10968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10970,10971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10972,10973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10974,10968],{"class":129},[20,10976,10977,10978,1772],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10979,63],{},[43,10981,10983],{"className":45,"code":10982,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10984,10985,11007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,10986,10987,10989,10991,10993,10995,10997,10999,11001,11003,11005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,10988,9251],{"class":58},[52,10990,63],{"class":62},[52,10992,9256],{"class":1184},[52,10994,105],{"class":66},[52,10996,7751],{"class":201},[52,10998,63],{"class":62},[52,11000,3406],{"class":756},[52,11002,5097],{"class":760},[52,11004,3406],{"class":756},[52,11006,112],{"class":66},[52,11008,11009,11011,11013,11015],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11010,118],{"class":101},[52,11012,105],{"class":66},[52,11014,9289],{"class":108},[52,11016,112],{"class":66},[461,11018,11020],{"id":11019},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,11022,11023],{},"This will not work:",[43,11025,11026],{"className":45,"code":10554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,11027,11028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11029,11030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11031,10554],{"class":129},[20,11033,11034],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[43,11036,11038],{"className":45,"code":11037,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,11039,11040,11064],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11041,11042,11044,11046,11048,11050,11052,11054,11056,11058,11060,11062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11043,9251],{"class":58},[52,11045,63],{"class":62},[52,11047,10577],{"class":66},[52,11049,3406],{"class":756},[52,11051,10582],{"class":760},[52,11053,3406],{"class":756},[52,11055,1772],{"class":66},[52,11057,3401],{"class":756},[52,11059,7760],{"class":760},[52,11061,3406],{"class":756},[52,11063,9394],{"class":66},[52,11065,11066,11068,11070,11072],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11067,118],{"class":101},[52,11069,105],{"class":66},[52,11071,9289],{"class":108},[52,11073,112],{"class":66},[461,11075,11077],{"id":11076},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,11079,11080],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[43,11082,11084],{"className":45,"code":11083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,11085,11086,11122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11087,11088,11090,11092,11094,11096,11098,11100,11102,11104,11106,11108,11110,11112,11114,11116,11118,11120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11089,9251],{"class":58},[52,11091,63],{"class":62},[52,11093,9256],{"class":1184},[52,11095,9743],{"class":66},[52,11097,3406],{"class":756},[52,11099,1190],{"class":760},[52,11101,3406],{"class":756},[52,11103,74],{"class":66},[52,11105,5586],{"class":70},[52,11107,9318],{"class":66},[52,11109,9321],{"class":66},[52,11111,3406],{"class":756},[52,11113,1190],{"class":760},[52,11115,3406],{"class":756},[52,11117,74],{"class":66},[52,11119,77],{"class":70},[52,11121,10766],{"class":66},[52,11123,11124,11126,11128,11130],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11125,118],{"class":101},[52,11127,105],{"class":66},[52,11129,9289],{"class":108},[52,11131,112],{"class":66},[20,11133,11134],{},[3842,11135,311],{},[43,11137,11139],{"className":45,"code":11138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,11140,11141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11142,11143,11145,11147,11149,11151,11153,11155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11144,9363],{"class":66},[52,11146,3406],{"class":756},[52,11148,1190],{"class":760},[52,11150,3406],{"class":756},[52,11152,1772],{"class":66},[52,11154,77],{"class":70},[52,11156,9394],{"class":66},[20,11158,11159,11160,242],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[236,11161,11163],{"href":11162},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[38,11165,1766],{"id":1765},[20,11167,11168,11169,11171],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,11170,9206],{}," include:",[153,11173,11174,11184,11190,11193],{},[156,11175,11176,11177,11180,11181],{},"passing a list like ",[15,11178,11179],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,11182,11183],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[156,11185,11186,11187],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,11188,11189],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[156,11191,11192],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[156,11194,11195,11196,11198],{},"confusing ",[15,11197,9206],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,11200,11201],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,11203,11205],{"className":45,"code":11204,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,11206,11207,11221,11231,11242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11208,11209,11211,11213,11215,11217,11219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11210,118],{"class":101},[52,11212,105],{"class":66},[52,11214,1827],{"class":1184},[52,11216,105],{"class":66},[52,11218,9289],{"class":108},[52,11220,510],{"class":66},[52,11222,11223,11225,11227,11229],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11224,118],{"class":101},[52,11226,105],{"class":66},[52,11228,9289],{"class":108},[52,11230,112],{"class":66},[52,11232,11233,11235,11237,11240],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11234,118],{"class":101},[52,11236,105],{"class":66},[52,11238,11239],{"class":108},"list_of_pairs",[52,11241,112],{"class":66},[52,11243,11244,11246,11248,11251,11253,11255],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,11245,118],{"class":101},[52,11247,105],{"class":66},[52,11249,11250],{"class":101},"len",[52,11252,105],{"class":66},[52,11254,11239],{"class":108},[52,11256,510],{"class":66},[20,11258,11259],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[153,11261,11262,11265,11268],{},[156,11263,11264],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[156,11266,11267],{},"what data is being passed in",[156,11269,11270],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[38,11272,1919],{"id":1918},[461,11274,5270,11276,652,11278,1963],{"id":11275},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,11277,9206],{},[15,11279,3892],{},[20,11281,11282,11284,11285,11287],{},[15,11283,3892],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,11286,9206],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[461,11289,1933,11291,11293],{"id":11290},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,11292,9206],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,11295,11296,11297,242],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,11298,11183],{},[461,11300,1973,11302,11305],{"id":11301},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,11303,11304],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,11307,11308],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[461,11310,11312,11313,11315],{"id":11311},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,11314,9206],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,11317,11318,11319,11322],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,11320,11321],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[38,11324,1986],{"id":1985},[153,11326,11327,11332,11336,11341,11347],{},[156,11328,11329],{},[236,11330,11331],{"href":9476},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[156,11333,11334],{},[236,11335,9241],{"href":9240},[156,11337,11338],{},[236,11339,11340],{"href":10818},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[156,11342,11343],{},[236,11344,10824,11345,10828],{"href":10823},[15,11346,10827],{},[156,11348,11349],{},[236,11350,11351],{"href":11162},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[2029,11353,11354],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":11356},[11357,11359,11365,11366,11367,11368,11375,11381,11382,11392],{"id":9430,"depth":93,"text":11358},"What dict() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":11360},[11361,11362,11363,11364],{"id":9487,"depth":115,"text":9488},{"id":9529,"depth":115,"text":9530},{"id":9633,"depth":115,"text":9634},{"id":9723,"depth":115,"text":9724},{"id":9836,"depth":93,"text":9488},{"id":9940,"depth":93,"text":9941},{"id":10363,"depth":93,"text":10364},{"id":10669,"depth":93,"text":11369,"children":11370},"dict() vs {}",[11371,11373],{"id":10685,"depth":115,"text":11372},"Use {} when:",{"id":10711,"depth":115,"text":11374},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10831,"depth":93,"text":10832,"children":11376},[11377,11378,11379,11380],{"id":10840,"depth":115,"text":10841},{"id":10961,"depth":115,"text":10962},{"id":11019,"depth":115,"text":11020},{"id":11076,"depth":115,"text":11077},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":11383},[11384,11386,11388,11390],{"id":11275,"depth":115,"text":11385},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":11290,"depth":115,"text":11387},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":11301,"depth":115,"text":11389},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":11311,"depth":115,"text":11391},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":9198,"description":11393},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":11400,"title":11401,"body":11402,"description":12910,"extension":2083,"meta":12911,"navigation":296,"path":12912,"seo":12913,"stem":12914,"__hash__":12915},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":11403,"toc":12879},[11404,11412,11418,11425,11427,11488,11493,11498,11503,11521,11524,11528,11530,11546,11549,11562,11564,11567,11701,11703,11770,11772,11788,11794,11800,11803,11884,11886,11900,11904,11910,11975,11977,11985,11988,12011,12017,12080,12086,12089,12103,12116,12120,12131,12136,12147,12154,12158,12164,12286,12288,12314,12317,12334,12337,12448,12450,12499,12501,12514,12523,12528,12533,12544,12546,12649,12672,12674,12678,12697,12700,12758,12761,12787,12789,12796,12799,12805,12809,12816,12824,12830,12833,12835,12876],[10,11405,11407,11408,11411],{"id":11406},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,11409,11410],{},"clear()"," Method",[20,11413,11414,11417],{},[15,11415,11416],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,11419,11420,11421,11424],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3842,11422,11423],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[38,11426,41],{"id":40},[43,11428,11430],{"className":45,"code":11429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,11431,11432,11464,11475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11433,11434,11436,11438,11440,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452,11454,11456,11458,11460,11462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11435,9251],{"class":58},[52,11437,63],{"class":62},[52,11439,10577],{"class":66},[52,11441,757],{"class":756},[52,11443,236],{"class":760},[52,11445,757],{"class":756},[52,11447,1772],{"class":66},[52,11449,5586],{"class":70},[52,11451,74],{"class":66},[52,11453,768],{"class":756},[52,11455,4853],{"class":760},[52,11457,757],{"class":756},[52,11459,1772],{"class":66},[52,11461,77],{"class":70},[52,11463,9394],{"class":66},[52,11465,11466,11468,11470,11473],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11467,9289],{"class":58},[52,11469,242],{"class":66},[52,11471,11472],{"class":108},"clear",[52,11474,8729],{"class":66},[52,11476,11477,11479,11481,11483,11485],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11478,118],{"class":101},[52,11480,105],{"class":66},[52,11482,9289],{"class":108},[52,11484,126],{"class":66},[52,11486,11487],{"class":129},"  # {}\n",[20,11489,11490,11492],{},[15,11491,11410],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[38,11494,140,11496,143],{"id":11495},"what-clear-does",[15,11497,11410],{},[20,11499,2100,11500,11502],{},[15,11501,11410],{}," method:",[153,11504,11505,11508,11511,11516],{},[156,11506,11507],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[156,11509,11510],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[156,11512,11513,11514],{},"Returns ",[15,11515,3878],{},[156,11517,11518,11519],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11520,3892],{},[20,11522,11523],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11525,9237,11526,242],{},[236,11527,9241],{"href":9240},[38,11529,181],{"id":180},[43,11531,11533],{"className":45,"code":11532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11534,11535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11536,11537,11540,11542,11544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11538,11539],{"class":58},"my_dict",[52,11541,242],{"class":66},[52,11543,11472],{"class":108},[52,11545,8729],{"class":66},[20,11547,11548],{},"Important points:",[153,11550,11551,11556,11559],{},[156,11552,11553,11555],{},[15,11554,11410],{}," takes no arguments",[156,11557,11558],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[156,11560,11561],{},"It empties that dictionary",[38,11563,246],{"id":245},[20,11565,11566],{},"Here is a basic example:",[43,11568,11570],{"className":45,"code":11569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11571,11572,11582,11603,11617,11634,11638,11642,11662,11666,11677,11681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11573,11574,11577,11579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11575,11576],{"class":58},"user ",[52,11578,63],{"class":62},[52,11580,11581],{"class":66}," {\n",[52,11583,11584,11587,11589,11591,11593,11595,11598,11600],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11585,11586],{"class":756},"    \"",[52,11588,7751],{"class":760},[52,11590,757],{"class":756},[52,11592,1772],{"class":66},[52,11594,768],{"class":756},[52,11596,11597],{"class":760},"Maya",[52,11599,757],{"class":756},[52,11601,11602],{"class":66},",\n",[52,11604,11605,11607,11609,11611,11613,11615],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11606,11586],{"class":756},[52,11608,9384],{"class":760},[52,11610,757],{"class":756},[52,11612,1772],{"class":66},[52,11614,9391],{"class":70},[52,11616,11602],{"class":66},[52,11618,11619,11621,11623,11625,11627,11629,11632],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,11620,11586],{"class":756},[52,11622,10495],{"class":760},[52,11624,757],{"class":756},[52,11626,1772],{"class":66},[52,11628,768],{"class":756},[52,11630,11631],{"class":760},"Berlin",[52,11633,3465],{"class":756},[52,11635,11636],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,11637,9394],{"class":66},[52,11639,11640],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,11641,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,11643,11644,11646,11648,11650,11653,11655,11657,11660],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,11645,118],{"class":101},[52,11647,105],{"class":66},[52,11649,757],{"class":756},[52,11651,11652],{"class":760},"Before:",[52,11654,757],{"class":756},[52,11656,74],{"class":66},[52,11658,11659],{"class":108}," user",[52,11661,112],{"class":66},[52,11663,11664],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,11665,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,11667,11668,11671,11673,11675],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,11669,11670],{"class":58},"user",[52,11672,242],{"class":66},[52,11674,11472],{"class":108},[52,11676,8729],{"class":66},[52,11678,11679],{"class":54,"line":6520},[52,11680,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,11682,11684,11686,11688,11690,11693,11695,11697,11699],{"class":54,"line":11683},11,[52,11685,118],{"class":101},[52,11687,105],{"class":66},[52,11689,757],{"class":756},[52,11691,11692],{"class":760},"After:",[52,11694,757],{"class":756},[52,11696,74],{"class":66},[52,11698,11659],{"class":108},[52,11700,112],{"class":66},[20,11702,5648],{},[43,11704,11706],{"className":45,"code":11705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11707,11708,11761],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11709,11710,11713,11715,11717,11719,11721,11723,11725,11727,11729,11731,11733,11735,11737,11739,11741,11743,11745,11747,11749,11751,11753,11755,11757,11759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11711,11712],{"class":58},"Before",[52,11714,1772],{"class":66},[52,11716,10577],{"class":66},[52,11718,3406],{"class":756},[52,11720,7751],{"class":760},[52,11722,3406],{"class":756},[52,11724,1772],{"class":66},[52,11726,3401],{"class":756},[52,11728,11597],{"class":760},[52,11730,3406],{"class":756},[52,11732,74],{"class":66},[52,11734,3401],{"class":756},[52,11736,9384],{"class":760},[52,11738,3406],{"class":756},[52,11740,1772],{"class":66},[52,11742,9391],{"class":70},[52,11744,74],{"class":66},[52,11746,3401],{"class":756},[52,11748,10495],{"class":760},[52,11750,3406],{"class":756},[52,11752,1772],{"class":66},[52,11754,3401],{"class":756},[52,11756,11631],{"class":760},[52,11758,3406],{"class":756},[52,11760,9394],{"class":66},[52,11762,11763,11766,11768],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11764,11765],{"class":58},"After",[52,11767,1772],{"class":66},[52,11769,9924],{"class":66},[20,11771,323],{},[153,11773,11774,11779,11785],{},[156,11775,11776,11778],{},[15,11777,11670],{}," starts with three items",[156,11780,11781,11784],{},[15,11782,11783],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[156,11786,11787],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[38,11789,140,11791,11793],{"id":11790},"what-clear-returns",[15,11792,11410],{}," returns",[20,11795,11796,2514,11798,242],{},[15,11797,11410],{},[15,11799,3878],{},[20,11801,11802],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,11804,11806],{"className":45,"code":11805,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11807,11808,11841,11845,11860,11864,11874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11809,11810,11813,11815,11817,11819,11821,11823,11825,11827,11829,11831,11833,11835,11837,11839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11811,11812],{"class":58},"my_dict ",[52,11814,63],{"class":62},[52,11816,10577],{"class":66},[52,11818,757],{"class":756},[52,11820,1190],{"class":760},[52,11822,757],{"class":756},[52,11824,1772],{"class":66},[52,11826,5586],{"class":70},[52,11828,74],{"class":66},[52,11830,768],{"class":756},[52,11832,1405],{"class":760},[52,11834,757],{"class":756},[52,11836,1772],{"class":66},[52,11838,77],{"class":70},[52,11840,9394],{"class":66},[52,11842,11843],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11844,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,11846,11847,11849,11851,11854,11856,11858],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11848,2347],{"class":58},[52,11850,63],{"class":62},[52,11852,11853],{"class":58}," my_dict",[52,11855,242],{"class":66},[52,11857,11472],{"class":108},[52,11859,8729],{"class":66},[52,11861,11862],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,11863,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,11865,11866,11868,11870,11872],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,11867,118],{"class":101},[52,11869,105],{"class":66},[52,11871,2382],{"class":108},[52,11873,112],{"class":66},[52,11875,11876,11878,11880,11882],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,11877,118],{"class":101},[52,11879,105],{"class":66},[52,11881,11539],{"class":108},[52,11883,112],{"class":66},[20,11885,311],{},[43,11887,11889],{"className":45,"code":11888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{}\n",[15,11890,11891,11896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11892,11893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11894,11895],{"class":674},"None\n",[52,11897,11898],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11899,9520],{"class":66},[461,11901,11903],{"id":11902},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11905,11906,11907,11909],{},"Do ",[3842,11908,4722],{}," do this:",[43,11911,11913],{"className":45,"code":11912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11914,11915,11947,11961,11965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11916,11917,11919,11921,11923,11925,11927,11929,11931,11933,11935,11937,11939,11941,11943,11945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11918,11812],{"class":58},[52,11920,63],{"class":62},[52,11922,10577],{"class":66},[52,11924,757],{"class":756},[52,11926,1190],{"class":760},[52,11928,757],{"class":756},[52,11930,1772],{"class":66},[52,11932,5586],{"class":70},[52,11934,74],{"class":66},[52,11936,768],{"class":756},[52,11938,1405],{"class":760},[52,11940,757],{"class":756},[52,11942,1772],{"class":66},[52,11944,77],{"class":70},[52,11946,9394],{"class":66},[52,11948,11949,11951,11953,11955,11957,11959],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,11950,11812],{"class":58},[52,11952,63],{"class":62},[52,11954,11853],{"class":58},[52,11956,242],{"class":66},[52,11958,11472],{"class":108},[52,11960,8729],{"class":66},[52,11962,11963],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,11964,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,11966,11967,11969,11971,11973],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,11968,118],{"class":101},[52,11970,105],{"class":66},[52,11972,11539],{"class":108},[52,11974,112],{"class":66},[20,11976,311],{},[43,11978,11979],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,11980,11981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,11982,11983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,11984,11895],{"class":674},[20,11986,11987],{},"Why this happens:",[153,11989,11990,11996,12001],{},[156,11991,11992,11995],{},[15,11993,11994],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[156,11997,11998,11999],{},"The method returns ",[15,12000,3878],{},[156,12002,12003,12004,12007,12008,12010],{},"Then ",[15,12005,12006],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,12009,3878],{}," in the variable",[20,12012,12013,12014,12016],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,12015,11410],{}," by itself:",[43,12018,12020],{"className":45,"code":12019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,12021,12022,12054,12064,12068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12023,12024,12026,12028,12030,12032,12034,12036,12038,12040,12042,12044,12046,12048,12050,12052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12025,11812],{"class":58},[52,12027,63],{"class":62},[52,12029,10577],{"class":66},[52,12031,757],{"class":756},[52,12033,1190],{"class":760},[52,12035,757],{"class":756},[52,12037,1772],{"class":66},[52,12039,5586],{"class":70},[52,12041,74],{"class":66},[52,12043,768],{"class":756},[52,12045,1405],{"class":760},[52,12047,757],{"class":756},[52,12049,1772],{"class":66},[52,12051,77],{"class":70},[52,12053,9394],{"class":66},[52,12055,12056,12058,12060,12062],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,12057,11539],{"class":58},[52,12059,242],{"class":66},[52,12061,11472],{"class":108},[52,12063,8729],{"class":66},[52,12065,12066],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12067,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,12069,12070,12072,12074,12076,12078],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,12071,118],{"class":101},[52,12073,105],{"class":66},[52,12075,11539],{"class":108},[52,12077,126],{"class":66},[52,12079,11487],{"class":129},[38,12081,12083,12085],{"id":12082},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,12084,11410],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,12087,12088],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[43,12090,12091],{"className":45,"code":11532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,12092,12093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12094,12095,12097,12099,12101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12096,11539],{"class":58},[52,12098,242],{"class":66},[52,12100,11472],{"class":108},[52,12102,8729],{"class":66},[43,12104,12106],{"className":45,"code":12105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,12107,12108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12109,12110,12112,12114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12111,11812],{"class":58},[52,12113,63],{"class":62},[52,12115,9924],{"class":66},[461,12117,12118],{"id":11472},[15,12119,11410],{},[153,12121,12122,12125,12128],{},[156,12123,12124],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[156,12126,12127],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[156,12129,12130],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[461,12132,12133],{"id":11539},[15,12134,12135],{},"my_dict = {}",[153,12137,12138,12141,12144],{},[156,12139,12140],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[156,12142,12143],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[156,12145,12146],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,12148,12149,12150,242],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[236,12151,12153],{"href":12152},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[38,12155,12157],{"id":12156},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,12159,12160,12161,12163],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,12162,11410],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[43,12165,12167],{"className":45,"code":12166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12168,12169,12202,12212,12216,12227,12231,12251,12271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12170,12171,12174,12176,12178,12180,12182,12184,12186,12188,12190,12192,12194,12196,12198,12200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12172,12173],{"class":58},"original ",[52,12175,63],{"class":62},[52,12177,10577],{"class":66},[52,12179,757],{"class":756},[52,12181,236],{"class":760},[52,12183,757],{"class":756},[52,12185,1772],{"class":66},[52,12187,5586],{"class":70},[52,12189,74],{"class":66},[52,12191,768],{"class":756},[52,12193,4853],{"class":760},[52,12195,757],{"class":756},[52,12197,1772],{"class":66},[52,12199,77],{"class":70},[52,12201,9394],{"class":66},[52,12203,12204,12207,12209],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,12205,12206],{"class":58},"other_ref ",[52,12208,63],{"class":62},[52,12210,12211],{"class":58}," original\n",[52,12213,12214],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12215,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,12217,12218,12221,12223,12225],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,12219,12220],{"class":58},"original",[52,12222,242],{"class":66},[52,12224,11472],{"class":108},[52,12226,8729],{"class":66},[52,12228,12229],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,12230,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,12232,12233,12235,12237,12239,12242,12244,12246,12249],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,12234,118],{"class":101},[52,12236,105],{"class":66},[52,12238,757],{"class":756},[52,12240,12241],{"class":760},"original:",[52,12243,757],{"class":756},[52,12245,74],{"class":66},[52,12247,12248],{"class":108}," original",[52,12250,112],{"class":66},[52,12252,12253,12255,12257,12259,12262,12264,12266,12269],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,12254,118],{"class":101},[52,12256,105],{"class":66},[52,12258,757],{"class":756},[52,12260,12261],{"class":760},"other_ref:",[52,12263,757],{"class":756},[52,12265,74],{"class":66},[52,12267,12268],{"class":108}," other_ref",[52,12270,112],{"class":66},[52,12272,12273,12275,12277,12279,12282,12284],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,12274,118],{"class":101},[52,12276,105],{"class":66},[52,12278,12173],{"class":108},[52,12280,12281],{"class":1195},"is",[52,12283,12268],{"class":108},[52,12285,112],{"class":66},[20,12287,311],{},[43,12289,12291],{"className":45,"code":12290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,12292,12293,12301,12310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12294,12295,12297,12299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12296,12220],{"class":58},[52,12298,1772],{"class":66},[52,12300,9924],{"class":66},[52,12302,12303,12306,12308],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,12304,12305],{"class":58},"other_ref",[52,12307,1772],{"class":66},[52,12309,9924],{"class":66},[52,12311,12312],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12313,4072],{"class":674},[20,12315,12316],{},"This shows:",[153,12318,12319,12326,12331],{},[156,12320,12321,652,12323,12325],{},[15,12322,12220],{},[15,12324,12305],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[156,12327,12328,12330],{},[15,12329,11410],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[156,12332,12333],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,12335,12336],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[43,12338,12340],{"className":45,"code":12339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,12341,12342,12374,12382,12386,12394,12398,12416,12434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12343,12344,12346,12348,12350,12352,12354,12356,12358,12360,12362,12364,12366,12368,12370,12372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12345,12173],{"class":58},[52,12347,63],{"class":62},[52,12349,10577],{"class":66},[52,12351,757],{"class":756},[52,12353,236],{"class":760},[52,12355,757],{"class":756},[52,12357,1772],{"class":66},[52,12359,5586],{"class":70},[52,12361,74],{"class":66},[52,12363,768],{"class":756},[52,12365,4853],{"class":760},[52,12367,757],{"class":756},[52,12369,1772],{"class":66},[52,12371,77],{"class":70},[52,12373,9394],{"class":66},[52,12375,12376,12378,12380],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,12377,12206],{"class":58},[52,12379,63],{"class":62},[52,12381,12211],{"class":58},[52,12383,12384],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12385,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,12387,12388,12390,12392],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,12389,12173],{"class":58},[52,12391,63],{"class":62},[52,12393,9924],{"class":66},[52,12395,12396],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,12397,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,12399,12400,12402,12404,12406,12408,12410,12412,12414],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,12401,118],{"class":101},[52,12403,105],{"class":66},[52,12405,757],{"class":756},[52,12407,12241],{"class":760},[52,12409,757],{"class":756},[52,12411,74],{"class":66},[52,12413,12248],{"class":108},[52,12415,112],{"class":66},[52,12417,12418,12420,12422,12424,12426,12428,12430,12432],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,12419,118],{"class":101},[52,12421,105],{"class":66},[52,12423,757],{"class":756},[52,12425,12261],{"class":760},[52,12427,757],{"class":756},[52,12429,74],{"class":66},[52,12431,12268],{"class":108},[52,12433,112],{"class":66},[52,12435,12436,12438,12440,12442,12444,12446],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,12437,118],{"class":101},[52,12439,105],{"class":66},[52,12441,12173],{"class":108},[52,12443,12281],{"class":1195},[52,12445,12268],{"class":108},[52,12447,112],{"class":66},[20,12449,311],{},[43,12451,12453],{"className":45,"code":12452,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,12454,12455,12463,12495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12456,12457,12459,12461],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12458,12220],{"class":58},[52,12460,1772],{"class":66},[52,12462,9924],{"class":66},[52,12464,12465,12467,12469,12471,12473,12475,12477,12479,12481,12483,12485,12487,12489,12491,12493],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,12466,12305],{"class":58},[52,12468,1772],{"class":66},[52,12470,10577],{"class":66},[52,12472,3406],{"class":756},[52,12474,236],{"class":760},[52,12476,3406],{"class":756},[52,12478,1772],{"class":66},[52,12480,5586],{"class":70},[52,12482,74],{"class":66},[52,12484,3401],{"class":756},[52,12486,4853],{"class":760},[52,12488,3406],{"class":756},[52,12490,1772],{"class":66},[52,12492,77],{"class":70},[52,12494,9394],{"class":66},[52,12496,12497],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12498,4133],{"class":674},[20,12500,2295],{},[153,12502,12503,12509],{},[156,12504,12505,12508],{},[15,12506,12507],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[156,12510,12511,12513],{},[15,12512,12305],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12515,12516,12517,242],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[236,12518,12520],{"href":12519},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12521,12522],{},"dict.copy()",[38,12524,5054,12526],{"id":12525},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12527,11410],{},[20,12529,12530,12532],{},[15,12531,11410],{}," is useful when you want to:",[153,12534,12535,12538,12541],{},[156,12536,12537],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[156,12539,12540],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[156,12542,12543],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12545,2324],{},[43,12547,12549],{"className":45,"code":12548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12550,12551,12560,12576,12596,12609,12613,12617,12622,12633,12637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12552,12553,12556,12558],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12554,12555],{"class":58},"session_data ",[52,12557,63],{"class":62},[52,12559,11581],{"class":66},[52,12561,12562,12564,12567,12569,12571,12574],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,12563,11586],{"class":756},[52,12565,12566],{"class":760},"user_id",[52,12568,757],{"class":756},[52,12570,1772],{"class":66},[52,12572,12573],{"class":70}," 101",[52,12575,11602],{"class":66},[52,12577,12578,12580,12583,12585,12587,12589,12592,12594],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12579,11586],{"class":756},[52,12581,12582],{"class":760},"theme",[52,12584,757],{"class":756},[52,12586,1772],{"class":66},[52,12588,768],{"class":756},[52,12590,12591],{"class":760},"dark",[52,12593,757],{"class":756},[52,12595,11602],{"class":66},[52,12597,12598,12600,12603,12605,12607],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,12599,11586],{"class":756},[52,12601,12602],{"class":760},"logged_in",[52,12604,757],{"class":756},[52,12606,1772],{"class":66},[52,12608,6506],{"class":674},[52,12610,12611],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,12612,9394],{"class":66},[52,12614,12615],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,12616,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,12618,12619],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,12620,12621],{"class":129},"# Reset for a new session\n",[52,12623,12624,12627,12629,12631],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,12625,12626],{"class":58},"session_data",[52,12628,242],{"class":66},[52,12630,11472],{"class":108},[52,12632,8729],{"class":66},[52,12634,12635],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,12636,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,12638,12639,12641,12643,12645,12647],{"class":54,"line":6520},[52,12640,118],{"class":101},[52,12642,105],{"class":66},[52,12644,12626],{"class":108},[52,12646,126],{"class":66},[52,12648,11487],{"class":129},[20,12650,12651,12652,12658,12659,242,12663,12665,12666,242],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[236,12653,12655],{"href":12654},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12656,12657],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[236,12660,12662],{"href":12661},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[9932,12664],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[236,12667,12669],{"href":12668},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12670,12671],{},"dict.popitem()",[38,12673,1766],{"id":1765},[20,12675,10835,12676,1772],{},[15,12677,11410],{},[153,12679,12680,12686,12691,12694],{},[156,12681,12682,12683,12685],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12684,11410],{}," to a variable",[156,12687,8538,12688,12690],{},[15,12689,11410],{}," to return a new dictionary",[156,12692,12693],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[156,12695,12696],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12698,12699],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[43,12701,12703],{"className":45,"code":12702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12704,12705,12715,12729,12744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12706,12707,12709,12711,12713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12708,118],{"class":101},[52,12710,105],{"class":66},[52,12712,11539],{"class":108},[52,12714,112],{"class":66},[52,12716,12717,12719,12721,12723,12725,12727],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,12718,118],{"class":101},[52,12720,105],{"class":66},[52,12722,1827],{"class":1184},[52,12724,105],{"class":66},[52,12726,11539],{"class":108},[52,12728,510],{"class":66},[52,12730,12731,12733,12735,12738,12740,12742],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,12732,118],{"class":101},[52,12734,105],{"class":66},[52,12736,12737],{"class":101},"id",[52,12739,105],{"class":66},[52,12741,11539],{"class":108},[52,12743,510],{"class":66},[52,12745,12746,12748,12750,12752,12754,12756],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,12747,118],{"class":101},[52,12749,105],{"class":66},[52,12751,12206],{"class":108},[52,12753,12281],{"class":1195},[52,12755,11853],{"class":108},[52,12757,112],{"class":66},[20,12759,12760],{},"What these show:",[153,12762,12763,12769,12775,12781],{},[156,12764,12765,12768],{},[15,12766,12767],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[156,12770,12771,12774],{},[15,12772,12773],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[156,12776,12777,12780],{},[15,12778,12779],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[156,12782,12783,12786],{},[15,12784,12785],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[38,12788,1919],{"id":1918},[461,12790,12792,12793,12795],{"id":12791},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary","Does ",[15,12794,11410],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12797,12798],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[461,12800,1923,12802,12804],{"id":12801},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12803,11416],{}," return?",[20,12806,5240,12807,242],{},[15,12808,3878],{},[461,12810,5270,12812,652,12814,1963],{"id":12811},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12813,11410],{},[15,12815,3892],{},[20,12817,12818,12820,12821,12823],{},[15,12819,11410],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12822,3892],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[461,12825,12792,12827,12829],{"id":12826},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12828,11410],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12831,12832],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[38,12834,1986],{"id":1985},[153,12836,12837,12841,12845,12852,12859,12866,12871],{},[156,12838,12839],{},[236,12840,9241],{"href":9240},[156,12842,12843],{},[236,12844,11331],{"href":9476},[156,12846,12847],{},[236,12848,10824,12849,10828],{"href":12654},[15,12850,12851],{},"pop()",[156,12853,12854],{},[236,12855,10824,12856,10828],{"href":12668},[15,12857,12858],{},"popitem()",[156,12860,12861],{},[236,12862,10824,12863,10828],{"href":12519},[15,12864,12865],{},"copy()",[156,12867,12868],{},[236,12869,12870],{"href":12152},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[156,12872,12873],{},[236,12874,12875],{"href":12661},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[2029,12877,12878],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":12880},[12881,12882,12884,12885,12886,12890,12895,12896,12898,12899,12909],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":11495,"depth":93,"text":12883},"What clear() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":11790,"depth":93,"text":12887,"children":12888},"What clear() returns",[12889],{"id":11902,"depth":115,"text":11903},{"id":12082,"depth":93,"text":12891,"children":12892},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12893,12894],{"id":11472,"depth":115,"text":11410},{"id":11539,"depth":115,"text":12135},{"id":12156,"depth":93,"text":12157},{"id":12525,"depth":93,"text":12897},"When to use clear()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":12900},[12901,12903,12905,12907],{"id":12791,"depth":115,"text":12902},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12801,"depth":115,"text":12904},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12811,"depth":115,"text":12906},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12826,"depth":115,"text":12908},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":11401,"description":12910},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12917,"title":12918,"body":12919,"description":15088,"extension":2083,"meta":15089,"navigation":296,"path":15090,"seo":15091,"stem":15092,"__hash__":15093},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12920,"toc":15060},[12921,12926,12931,12941,12943,13032,13036,13077,13082,13089,13107,13116,13118,13139,13142,13154,13156,13235,13239,13280,13282,13285,13413,13417,13497,13500,13518,13521,13525,13531,13533,13544,13546,13741,13745,13851,13854,13872,13875,13882,13887,13891,13905,13907,14034,14038,14118,14131,14137,14140,14148,14152,14278,14282,14356,14361,14492,14496,14570,14573,14587,14591,14595,14609,14611,14747,14751,14820,14822,14827,14849,14852,14959,14962,14973,14980,14982,14988,14991,14998,15001,15008,15016,15020,15023,15025,15057],[10,12922,11407,12924,11411],{"id":12923},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12925,12865],{},[20,12927,12928,12930],{},[15,12929,12522],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12932,12933,12934,12936,12937,12940],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12935,12865],{}," makes a ",[3842,12938,12939],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[38,12942,41],{"id":40},[43,12944,12946],{"className":45,"code":12945,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12947,12948,12986,13003,13007,13018],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,12949,12950,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12970,12972,12974,12976,12978,12980,12982,12984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,12951,12952],{"class":58},"student ",[52,12954,63],{"class":62},[52,12956,10577],{"class":66},[52,12958,757],{"class":756},[52,12960,7751],{"class":760},[52,12962,757],{"class":756},[52,12964,1772],{"class":66},[52,12966,768],{"class":756},[52,12968,12969],{"class":760},"Ana",[52,12971,757],{"class":756},[52,12973,74],{"class":66},[52,12975,768],{"class":756},[52,12977,9384],{"class":760},[52,12979,757],{"class":756},[52,12981,1772],{"class":66},[52,12983,7874],{"class":70},[52,12985,9394],{"class":66},[52,12987,12988,12991,12993,12996,12998,13001],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,12989,12990],{"class":58},"student_copy ",[52,12992,63],{"class":62},[52,12994,12995],{"class":58}," student",[52,12997,242],{"class":66},[52,12999,13000],{"class":108},"copy",[52,13002,8729],{"class":66},[52,13004,13005],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13006,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13008,13009,13011,13013,13016],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,13010,118],{"class":101},[52,13012,105],{"class":66},[52,13014,13015],{"class":108},"student_copy",[52,13017,112],{"class":66},[52,13019,13020,13022,13024,13026,13028,13030],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,13021,118],{"class":101},[52,13023,105],{"class":66},[52,13025,12990],{"class":108},[52,13027,12281],{"class":1195},[52,13029,12995],{"class":108},[52,13031,112],{"class":66},[20,13033,13034],{},[3842,13035,311],{},[43,13037,13039],{"className":45,"code":13038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,13040,13041,13073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13042,13043,13045,13047,13049,13051,13053,13055,13057,13059,13061,13063,13065,13067,13069,13071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13044,9363],{"class":66},[52,13046,3406],{"class":756},[52,13048,7751],{"class":760},[52,13050,3406],{"class":756},[52,13052,1772],{"class":66},[52,13054,3401],{"class":756},[52,13056,12969],{"class":760},[52,13058,3406],{"class":756},[52,13060,74],{"class":66},[52,13062,3401],{"class":756},[52,13064,9384],{"class":760},[52,13066,3406],{"class":756},[52,13068,1772],{"class":66},[52,13070,7874],{"class":70},[52,13072,9394],{"class":66},[52,13074,13075],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,13076,4133],{"class":674},[20,13078,133,13079,13081],{},[15,13080,12865],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[38,13083,13085,13086,13088],{"id":13084},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,13087,12865],{}," method does",[153,13090,13091,13096,13099,13104],{},[156,13092,13093,13095],{},[15,13094,12522],{}," returns a new dictionary",[156,13097,13098],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[156,13100,13101,13102],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,13103,12865],{},[156,13105,13106],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,13108,13109,13110,1943,13113,242],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[236,13111,9241],{"href":13112},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[236,13114,9477],{"href":13115},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[38,13117,181],{"id":180},[43,13119,13121],{"className":45,"code":13120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,13122,13123],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13124,13125,13128,13130,13133,13135,13137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13126,13127],{"class":58},"new_dict ",[52,13129,63],{"class":62},[52,13131,13132],{"class":58}," old_dict",[52,13134,242],{"class":66},[52,13136,13000],{"class":108},[52,13138,8729],{"class":66},[20,13140,13141],{},"Key points:",[153,13143,13144,13148,13151],{},[156,13145,13146,11555],{},[15,13147,12865],{},[156,13149,13150],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[156,13152,13153],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,13155,2324],{},[43,13157,13159],{"className":45,"code":13158,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,13160,13161,13204,13220,13224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13162,13163,13166,13168,13170,13172,13174,13176,13178,13180,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191,13193,13195,13197,13200,13202],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13164,13165],{"class":58},"colors ",[52,13167,63],{"class":62},[52,13169,10577],{"class":66},[52,13171,757],{"class":756},[52,13173,236],{"class":760},[52,13175,757],{"class":756},[52,13177,1772],{"class":66},[52,13179,768],{"class":756},[52,13181,13182],{"class":760},"red",[52,13184,757],{"class":756},[52,13186,74],{"class":66},[52,13188,768],{"class":756},[52,13190,4853],{"class":760},[52,13192,757],{"class":756},[52,13194,1772],{"class":66},[52,13196,768],{"class":756},[52,13198,13199],{"class":760},"blue",[52,13201,757],{"class":756},[52,13203,9394],{"class":66},[52,13205,13206,13209,13211,13214,13216,13218],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,13207,13208],{"class":58},"new_colors ",[52,13210,63],{"class":62},[52,13212,13213],{"class":58}," colors",[52,13215,242],{"class":66},[52,13217,13000],{"class":108},[52,13219,8729],{"class":66},[52,13221,13222],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13223,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13225,13226,13228,13230,13233],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,13227,118],{"class":101},[52,13229,105],{"class":66},[52,13231,13232],{"class":108},"new_colors",[52,13234,112],{"class":66},[20,13236,13237],{},[3842,13238,311],{},[43,13240,13242],{"className":45,"code":13241,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,13243,13244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13245,13246,13248,13250,13252,13254,13256,13258,13260,13262,13264,13266,13268,13270,13272,13274,13276,13278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13247,9363],{"class":66},[52,13249,3406],{"class":756},[52,13251,236],{"class":760},[52,13253,3406],{"class":756},[52,13255,1772],{"class":66},[52,13257,3401],{"class":756},[52,13259,13182],{"class":760},[52,13261,3406],{"class":756},[52,13263,74],{"class":66},[52,13265,3401],{"class":756},[52,13267,4853],{"class":760},[52,13269,3406],{"class":756},[52,13271,1772],{"class":66},[52,13273,3401],{"class":756},[52,13275,13199],{"class":760},[52,13277,3406],{"class":756},[52,13279,9394],{"class":66},[38,13281,246],{"id":245},[20,13283,13284],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[43,13286,13288],{"className":45,"code":13287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,13289,13290,13328,13344,13348,13370,13374,13393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13291,13292,13295,13297,13299,13301,13303,13305,13307,13309,13312,13314,13316,13318,13320,13322,13324,13326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13293,13294],{"class":58},"person ",[52,13296,63],{"class":62},[52,13298,10577],{"class":66},[52,13300,757],{"class":756},[52,13302,7751],{"class":760},[52,13304,757],{"class":756},[52,13306,1772],{"class":66},[52,13308,768],{"class":756},[52,13310,13311],{"class":760},"Liam",[52,13313,757],{"class":756},[52,13315,74],{"class":66},[52,13317,768],{"class":756},[52,13319,9384],{"class":760},[52,13321,757],{"class":756},[52,13323,1772],{"class":66},[52,13325,9391],{"class":70},[52,13327,9394],{"class":66},[52,13329,13330,13333,13335,13338,13340,13342],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,13331,13332],{"class":58},"person_copy ",[52,13334,63],{"class":62},[52,13336,13337],{"class":58}," person",[52,13339,242],{"class":66},[52,13341,13000],{"class":108},[52,13343,8729],{"class":66},[52,13345,13346],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13347,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13349,13350,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361,13364,13367],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,13351,13352],{"class":58},"person_copy",[52,13354,3994],{"class":66},[52,13356,757],{"class":756},[52,13358,9384],{"class":760},[52,13360,757],{"class":756},[52,13362,13363],{"class":66},"]",[52,13365,13366],{"class":62}," =",[52,13368,13369],{"class":70}," 26\n",[52,13371,13372],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,13373,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13375,13376,13378,13380,13382,13385,13387,13389,13391],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,13377,118],{"class":101},[52,13379,105],{"class":66},[52,13381,757],{"class":756},[52,13383,13384],{"class":760},"Original:",[52,13386,757],{"class":756},[52,13388,74],{"class":66},[52,13390,13337],{"class":108},[52,13392,112],{"class":66},[52,13394,13395,13397,13399,13401,13404,13406,13408,13411],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,13396,118],{"class":101},[52,13398,105],{"class":66},[52,13400,757],{"class":756},[52,13402,13403],{"class":760},"Copy:",[52,13405,757],{"class":756},[52,13407,74],{"class":66},[52,13409,13410],{"class":108}," person_copy",[52,13412,112],{"class":66},[20,13414,13415],{},[3842,13416,311],{},[43,13418,13420],{"className":45,"code":13419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,13421,13422,13459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13423,13424,13427,13429,13431,13433,13435,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13425,13426],{"class":58},"Original",[52,13428,1772],{"class":66},[52,13430,10577],{"class":66},[52,13432,3406],{"class":756},[52,13434,7751],{"class":760},[52,13436,3406],{"class":756},[52,13438,1772],{"class":66},[52,13440,3401],{"class":756},[52,13442,13311],{"class":760},[52,13444,3406],{"class":756},[52,13446,74],{"class":66},[52,13448,3401],{"class":756},[52,13450,9384],{"class":760},[52,13452,3406],{"class":756},[52,13454,1772],{"class":66},[52,13456,9391],{"class":70},[52,13458,9394],{"class":66},[52,13460,13461,13464,13466,13468,13470,13472,13474,13476,13478,13480,13482,13484,13486,13488,13490,13492,13495],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,13462,13463],{"class":58},"Copy",[52,13465,1772],{"class":66},[52,13467,10577],{"class":66},[52,13469,3406],{"class":756},[52,13471,7751],{"class":760},[52,13473,3406],{"class":756},[52,13475,1772],{"class":66},[52,13477,3401],{"class":756},[52,13479,13311],{"class":760},[52,13481,3406],{"class":756},[52,13483,74],{"class":66},[52,13485,3401],{"class":756},[52,13487,9384],{"class":760},[52,13489,3406],{"class":756},[52,13491,1772],{"class":66},[52,13493,13494],{"class":70}," 26",[52,13496,9394],{"class":66},[20,13498,13499],{},"What happened here:",[153,13501,13502,13508,13515],{},[156,13503,13504,13507],{},[15,13505,13506],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[156,13509,13510,13511,13514],{},"Changing ",[15,13512,13513],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[156,13516,13517],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13519,13520],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[38,13522,13524],{"id":13523},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13526,13527,12936,13529,242],{},[15,13528,12865],{},[3842,13530,12939],{},[20,13532,2226],{},[153,13534,13535,13538,13541],{},[156,13536,13537],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[156,13539,13540],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[156,13542,13543],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13545,2324],{},[43,13547,13549],{"className":45,"code":13548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13550,13551,13559,13577,13600,13604,13608,13622,13626,13651,13655,13673,13692,13707],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13552,13553,13555,13557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13554,12952],{"class":58},[52,13556,63],{"class":62},[52,13558,11581],{"class":66},[52,13560,13561,13563,13565,13567,13569,13571,13573,13575],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,13562,11586],{"class":756},[52,13564,7751],{"class":760},[52,13566,757],{"class":756},[52,13568,1772],{"class":66},[52,13570,768],{"class":756},[52,13572,12969],{"class":760},[52,13574,757],{"class":756},[52,13576,11602],{"class":66},[52,13578,13579,13581,13584,13586,13588,13590,13593,13595,13598],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13580,11586],{"class":756},[52,13582,13583],{"class":760},"grades",[52,13585,757],{"class":756},[52,13587,1772],{"class":66},[52,13589,67],{"class":66},[52,13591,13592],{"class":70},"90",[52,13594,74],{"class":66},[52,13596,13597],{"class":70}," 85",[52,13599,90],{"class":66},[52,13601,13602],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,13603,9394],{"class":66},[52,13605,13606],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,13607,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13609,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,13611,12990],{"class":58},[52,13613,63],{"class":62},[52,13615,12995],{"class":58},[52,13617,242],{"class":66},[52,13619,13000],{"class":108},[52,13621,8729],{"class":66},[52,13623,13624],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,13625,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13627,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636,13638,13641,13644,13646,13649],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,13629,13015],{"class":58},[52,13631,3994],{"class":66},[52,13633,757],{"class":756},[52,13635,13583],{"class":760},[52,13637,757],{"class":756},[52,13639,13640],{"class":66},"].",[52,13642,13643],{"class":108},"append",[52,13645,105],{"class":66},[52,13647,13648],{"class":70},"100",[52,13650,112],{"class":66},[52,13652,13653],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,13654,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13656,13657,13659,13661,13663,13665,13667,13669,13671],{"class":54,"line":6520},[52,13658,118],{"class":101},[52,13660,105],{"class":66},[52,13662,757],{"class":756},[52,13664,13384],{"class":760},[52,13666,757],{"class":756},[52,13668,74],{"class":66},[52,13670,12995],{"class":108},[52,13672,112],{"class":66},[52,13674,13675,13677,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13690],{"class":54,"line":11683},[52,13676,118],{"class":101},[52,13678,105],{"class":66},[52,13680,757],{"class":756},[52,13682,13403],{"class":760},[52,13684,757],{"class":756},[52,13686,74],{"class":66},[52,13688,13689],{"class":108}," student_copy",[52,13691,112],{"class":66},[52,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705],{"class":54,"line":13694},12,[52,13696,118],{"class":101},[52,13698,105],{"class":66},[52,13700,12952],{"class":108},[52,13702,12281],{"class":1195},[52,13704,13689],{"class":108},[52,13706,112],{"class":66},[52,13708,13710,13712,13714,13717,13719,13721,13723,13725,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739],{"class":54,"line":13709},13,[52,13711,118],{"class":101},[52,13713,105],{"class":66},[52,13715,13716],{"class":108},"student",[52,13718,3994],{"class":66},[52,13720,757],{"class":756},[52,13722,13583],{"class":760},[52,13724,757],{"class":756},[52,13726,13363],{"class":66},[52,13728,8182],{"class":1195},[52,13730,13689],{"class":108},[52,13732,3994],{"class":66},[52,13734,757],{"class":756},[52,13736,13583],{"class":760},[52,13738,757],{"class":756},[52,13740,1858],{"class":66},[20,13742,13743],{},[3842,13744,311],{},[43,13746,13748],{"className":45,"code":13747,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13749,13750,13797,13843,13847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13751,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762,13764,13766,13768,13770,13772,13774,13776,13778,13780,13782,13784,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13753,13426],{"class":58},[52,13755,1772],{"class":66},[52,13757,10577],{"class":66},[52,13759,3406],{"class":756},[52,13761,7751],{"class":760},[52,13763,3406],{"class":756},[52,13765,1772],{"class":66},[52,13767,3401],{"class":756},[52,13769,12969],{"class":760},[52,13771,3406],{"class":756},[52,13773,74],{"class":66},[52,13775,3401],{"class":756},[52,13777,13583],{"class":760},[52,13779,3406],{"class":756},[52,13781,1772],{"class":66},[52,13783,67],{"class":66},[52,13785,13592],{"class":70},[52,13787,74],{"class":66},[52,13789,13597],{"class":70},[52,13791,74],{"class":66},[52,13793,10204],{"class":70},[52,13795,13796],{"class":66},"]}\n",[52,13798,13799,13801,13803,13805,13807,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837,13839,13841],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,13800,13463],{"class":58},[52,13802,1772],{"class":66},[52,13804,10577],{"class":66},[52,13806,3406],{"class":756},[52,13808,7751],{"class":760},[52,13810,3406],{"class":756},[52,13812,1772],{"class":66},[52,13814,3401],{"class":756},[52,13816,12969],{"class":760},[52,13818,3406],{"class":756},[52,13820,74],{"class":66},[52,13822,3401],{"class":756},[52,13824,13583],{"class":760},[52,13826,3406],{"class":756},[52,13828,1772],{"class":66},[52,13830,67],{"class":66},[52,13832,13592],{"class":70},[52,13834,74],{"class":66},[52,13836,13597],{"class":70},[52,13838,74],{"class":66},[52,13840,10204],{"class":70},[52,13842,13796],{"class":66},[52,13844,13845],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13846,4133],{"class":674},[52,13848,13849],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,13850,4072],{"class":674},[20,13852,13853],{},"Notice the difference:",[153,13855,13856,13864],{},[156,13857,13858,4876,13861,13863],{},[15,13859,13860],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13862,655],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[156,13865,13866,4876,13869,13871],{},[15,13867,13868],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13870,173],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13873,13874],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13876,13877,13878,242],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[236,13879,13881],{"href":13880},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[38,13883,5054,13885],{"id":13884},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13886,12865],{},[20,13888,133,13889,10688],{},[15,13890,12865],{},[153,13892,13893,13896,13899,13902],{},[156,13894,13895],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[156,13897,13898],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[156,13900,13901],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[156,13903,13904],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13906,2324],{},[43,13908,13910],{"className":45,"code":13909,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13911,13912,13951,13967,13971,13991,13995,14014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,13913,13914,13917,13919,13921,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931,13933,13935,13937,13939,13942,13944,13946,13949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,13915,13916],{"class":58},"settings ",[52,13918,63],{"class":62},[52,13920,10577],{"class":66},[52,13922,757],{"class":756},[52,13924,12582],{"class":760},[52,13926,757],{"class":756},[52,13928,1772],{"class":66},[52,13930,768],{"class":756},[52,13932,12591],{"class":760},[52,13934,757],{"class":756},[52,13936,74],{"class":66},[52,13938,768],{"class":756},[52,13940,13941],{"class":760},"font_size",[52,13943,757],{"class":756},[52,13945,1772],{"class":66},[52,13947,13948],{"class":70}," 14",[52,13950,9394],{"class":66},[52,13952,13953,13956,13958,13961,13963,13965],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,13954,13955],{"class":58},"settings_backup ",[52,13957,63],{"class":62},[52,13959,13960],{"class":58}," settings",[52,13962,242],{"class":66},[52,13964,13000],{"class":108},[52,13966,8729],{"class":66},[52,13968,13969],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,13970,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13972,13973,13976,13978,13980,13982,13984,13986,13988],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,13974,13975],{"class":58},"settings",[52,13977,3994],{"class":66},[52,13979,757],{"class":756},[52,13981,13941],{"class":760},[52,13983,757],{"class":756},[52,13985,13363],{"class":66},[52,13987,13366],{"class":62},[52,13989,13990],{"class":70}," 16\n",[52,13992,13993],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,13994,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,13996,13997,13999,14001,14003,14006,14008,14010,14012],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,13998,118],{"class":101},[52,14000,105],{"class":66},[52,14002,757],{"class":756},[52,14004,14005],{"class":760},"Current:",[52,14007,757],{"class":756},[52,14009,74],{"class":66},[52,14011,13960],{"class":108},[52,14013,112],{"class":66},[52,14015,14016,14018,14020,14022,14025,14027,14029,14032],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,14017,118],{"class":101},[52,14019,105],{"class":66},[52,14021,757],{"class":756},[52,14023,14024],{"class":760},"Backup:",[52,14026,757],{"class":756},[52,14028,74],{"class":66},[52,14030,14031],{"class":108}," settings_backup",[52,14033,112],{"class":66},[20,14035,14036],{},[3842,14037,311],{},[43,14039,14041],{"className":45,"code":14040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,14042,14043,14081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14044,14045,14048,14050,14052,14054,14056,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14046,14047],{"class":58},"Current",[52,14049,1772],{"class":66},[52,14051,10577],{"class":66},[52,14053,3406],{"class":756},[52,14055,12582],{"class":760},[52,14057,3406],{"class":756},[52,14059,1772],{"class":66},[52,14061,3401],{"class":756},[52,14063,12591],{"class":760},[52,14065,3406],{"class":756},[52,14067,74],{"class":66},[52,14069,3401],{"class":756},[52,14071,13941],{"class":760},[52,14073,3406],{"class":756},[52,14075,1772],{"class":66},[52,14077,14078],{"class":70}," 16",[52,14080,9394],{"class":66},[52,14082,14083,14086,14088,14090,14092,14094,14096,14098,14100,14102,14104,14106,14108,14110,14112,14114,14116],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,14084,14085],{"class":58},"Backup",[52,14087,1772],{"class":66},[52,14089,10577],{"class":66},[52,14091,3406],{"class":756},[52,14093,12582],{"class":760},[52,14095,3406],{"class":756},[52,14097,1772],{"class":66},[52,14099,3401],{"class":756},[52,14101,12591],{"class":760},[52,14103,3406],{"class":756},[52,14105,74],{"class":66},[52,14107,3401],{"class":756},[52,14109,13941],{"class":760},[52,14111,3406],{"class":756},[52,14113,1772],{"class":66},[52,14115,13948],{"class":70},[52,14117,9394],{"class":66},[20,14119,14120,14121,1943,14127,242],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[236,14122,14124],{"href":14123},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,14125,14126],{},"dict.update()",[236,14128,14129],{"href":12912},[15,14130,11416],{},[38,14132,14134,14136],{"id":14133},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,14135,12865],{}," vs assignment",[20,14138,14139],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,14141,1372,14142,14144,14145,14147],{},[15,14143,63],{}," does ",[3842,14146,4722],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[461,14149,14151],{"id":14150},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[43,14153,14155],{"className":45,"code":14154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,14156,14157,14189,14198,14202,14222,14226,14244,14264],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14158,14159,14161,14163,14165,14167,14169,14171,14173,14175,14177,14179,14181,14183,14185,14187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14160,12173],{"class":58},[52,14162,63],{"class":62},[52,14164,10577],{"class":66},[52,14166,757],{"class":756},[52,14168,1190],{"class":760},[52,14170,757],{"class":756},[52,14172,1772],{"class":66},[52,14174,5586],{"class":70},[52,14176,74],{"class":66},[52,14178,768],{"class":756},[52,14180,1405],{"class":760},[52,14182,757],{"class":756},[52,14184,1772],{"class":66},[52,14186,77],{"class":70},[52,14188,9394],{"class":66},[52,14190,14191,14194,14196],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,14192,14193],{"class":58},"assigned ",[52,14195,63],{"class":62},[52,14197,12211],{"class":58},[52,14199,14200],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14201,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,14203,14204,14207,14209,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,14205,14206],{"class":58},"assigned",[52,14208,3994],{"class":66},[52,14210,757],{"class":756},[52,14212,1190],{"class":760},[52,14214,757],{"class":756},[52,14216,13363],{"class":66},[52,14218,13366],{"class":62},[52,14220,14221],{"class":70}," 99\n",[52,14223,14224],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,14225,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,14227,14228,14230,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,14229,118],{"class":101},[52,14231,105],{"class":66},[52,14233,757],{"class":756},[52,14235,13384],{"class":760},[52,14237,757],{"class":756},[52,14239,74],{"class":66},[52,14241,12248],{"class":108},[52,14243,112],{"class":66},[52,14245,14246,14248,14250,14252,14255,14257,14259,14262],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,14247,118],{"class":101},[52,14249,105],{"class":66},[52,14251,757],{"class":756},[52,14253,14254],{"class":760},"Assigned:",[52,14256,757],{"class":756},[52,14258,74],{"class":66},[52,14260,14261],{"class":108}," assigned",[52,14263,112],{"class":66},[52,14265,14266,14268,14270,14272,14274,14276],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,14267,118],{"class":101},[52,14269,105],{"class":66},[52,14271,12173],{"class":108},[52,14273,12281],{"class":1195},[52,14275,14261],{"class":108},[52,14277,112],{"class":66},[20,14279,14280],{},[3842,14281,311],{},[43,14283,14285],{"className":45,"code":14284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,14286,14287,14319,14352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14288,14289,14291,14293,14295,14297,14299,14301,14303,14305,14307,14309,14311,14313,14315,14317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14290,13426],{"class":58},[52,14292,1772],{"class":66},[52,14294,10577],{"class":66},[52,14296,3406],{"class":756},[52,14298,1190],{"class":760},[52,14300,3406],{"class":756},[52,14302,1772],{"class":66},[52,14304,10283],{"class":70},[52,14306,74],{"class":66},[52,14308,3401],{"class":756},[52,14310,1405],{"class":760},[52,14312,3406],{"class":756},[52,14314,1772],{"class":66},[52,14316,77],{"class":70},[52,14318,9394],{"class":66},[52,14320,14321,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338,14340,14342,14344,14346,14348,14350],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,14322,14323],{"class":58},"Assigned",[52,14325,1772],{"class":66},[52,14327,10577],{"class":66},[52,14329,3406],{"class":756},[52,14331,1190],{"class":760},[52,14333,3406],{"class":756},[52,14335,1772],{"class":66},[52,14337,10283],{"class":70},[52,14339,74],{"class":66},[52,14341,3401],{"class":756},[52,14343,1405],{"class":760},[52,14345,3406],{"class":756},[52,14347,1772],{"class":66},[52,14349,77],{"class":70},[52,14351,9394],{"class":66},[52,14353,14354],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14355,4072],{"class":674},[461,14357,1372,14359],{"id":14358},"using-copy",[15,14360,12865],{},[43,14362,14364],{"className":45,"code":14363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,14365,14366,14398,14413,14417,14436,14440,14458,14478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14367,14368,14370,14372,14374,14376,14378,14380,14382,14384,14386,14388,14390,14392,14394,14396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14369,12173],{"class":58},[52,14371,63],{"class":62},[52,14373,10577],{"class":66},[52,14375,757],{"class":756},[52,14377,1190],{"class":760},[52,14379,757],{"class":756},[52,14381,1772],{"class":66},[52,14383,5586],{"class":70},[52,14385,74],{"class":66},[52,14387,768],{"class":756},[52,14389,1405],{"class":760},[52,14391,757],{"class":756},[52,14393,1772],{"class":66},[52,14395,77],{"class":70},[52,14397,9394],{"class":66},[52,14399,14400,14403,14405,14407,14409,14411],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,14401,14402],{"class":58},"copied ",[52,14404,63],{"class":62},[52,14406,12248],{"class":58},[52,14408,242],{"class":66},[52,14410,13000],{"class":108},[52,14412,8729],{"class":66},[52,14414,14415],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14416,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,14418,14419,14422,14424,14426,14428,14430,14432,14434],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,14420,14421],{"class":58},"copied",[52,14423,3994],{"class":66},[52,14425,757],{"class":756},[52,14427,1190],{"class":760},[52,14429,757],{"class":756},[52,14431,13363],{"class":66},[52,14433,13366],{"class":62},[52,14435,14221],{"class":70},[52,14437,14438],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,14439,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,14441,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14452,14454,14456],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,14443,118],{"class":101},[52,14445,105],{"class":66},[52,14447,757],{"class":756},[52,14449,13384],{"class":760},[52,14451,757],{"class":756},[52,14453,74],{"class":66},[52,14455,12248],{"class":108},[52,14457,112],{"class":66},[52,14459,14460,14462,14464,14466,14469,14471,14473,14476],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,14461,118],{"class":101},[52,14463,105],{"class":66},[52,14465,757],{"class":756},[52,14467,14468],{"class":760},"Copied:",[52,14470,757],{"class":756},[52,14472,74],{"class":66},[52,14474,14475],{"class":108}," copied",[52,14477,112],{"class":66},[52,14479,14480,14482,14484,14486,14488,14490],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,14481,118],{"class":101},[52,14483,105],{"class":66},[52,14485,12173],{"class":108},[52,14487,12281],{"class":1195},[52,14489,14475],{"class":108},[52,14491,112],{"class":66},[20,14493,14494],{},[3842,14495,311],{},[43,14497,14499],{"className":45,"code":14498,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14500,14501,14533,14566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14502,14503,14505,14507,14509,14511,14513,14515,14517,14519,14521,14523,14525,14527,14529,14531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14504,13426],{"class":58},[52,14506,1772],{"class":66},[52,14508,10577],{"class":66},[52,14510,3406],{"class":756},[52,14512,1190],{"class":760},[52,14514,3406],{"class":756},[52,14516,1772],{"class":66},[52,14518,5586],{"class":70},[52,14520,74],{"class":66},[52,14522,3401],{"class":756},[52,14524,1405],{"class":760},[52,14526,3406],{"class":756},[52,14528,1772],{"class":66},[52,14530,77],{"class":70},[52,14532,9394],{"class":66},[52,14534,14535,14538,14540,14542,14544,14546,14548,14550,14552,14554,14556,14558,14560,14562,14564],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,14536,14537],{"class":58},"Copied",[52,14539,1772],{"class":66},[52,14541,10577],{"class":66},[52,14543,3406],{"class":756},[52,14545,1190],{"class":760},[52,14547,3406],{"class":756},[52,14549,1772],{"class":66},[52,14551,10283],{"class":70},[52,14553,74],{"class":66},[52,14555,3401],{"class":756},[52,14557,1405],{"class":760},[52,14559,3406],{"class":756},[52,14561,1772],{"class":66},[52,14563,77],{"class":70},[52,14565,9394],{"class":66},[52,14567,14568],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14569,4133],{"class":674},[20,14571,14572],{},"Summary:",[153,14574,14575,14581],{},[156,14576,14577,14580],{},[15,14578,14579],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[156,14582,14583,14586],{},[15,14584,14585],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[38,14588,14590],{"id":14589},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14592,14593,1772],{},[15,14594,12865],{},[153,14596,14597,14600,14603,14606],{},[156,14598,14599],{},"Returns a dictionary",[156,14601,14602],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[156,14604,14605],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[156,14607,14608],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14610,2324],{},[43,14612,14614],{"className":45,"code":14613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14615,14616,14648,14664,14668,14686,14706,14710,14728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14617,14618,14620,14622,14624,14626,14628,14630,14632,14634,14636,14638,14640,14642,14644,14646],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14619,9251],{"class":58},[52,14621,63],{"class":62},[52,14623,10577],{"class":66},[52,14625,757],{"class":756},[52,14627,236],{"class":760},[52,14629,757],{"class":756},[52,14631,1772],{"class":66},[52,14633,5586],{"class":70},[52,14635,74],{"class":66},[52,14637,768],{"class":756},[52,14639,4853],{"class":760},[52,14641,757],{"class":756},[52,14643,1772],{"class":66},[52,14645,77],{"class":70},[52,14647,9394],{"class":66},[52,14649,14650,14653,14655,14658,14660,14662],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,14651,14652],{"class":58},"data_copy ",[52,14654,63],{"class":62},[52,14656,14657],{"class":58}," data",[52,14659,242],{"class":66},[52,14661,13000],{"class":108},[52,14663,8729],{"class":66},[52,14665,14666],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14667,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,14669,14670,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682,14684],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,14671,9289],{"class":58},[52,14673,3994],{"class":66},[52,14675,757],{"class":756},[52,14677,236],{"class":760},[52,14679,757],{"class":756},[52,14681,13363],{"class":66},[52,14683,13366],{"class":62},[52,14685,2701],{"class":70},[52,14687,14688,14691,14693,14695,14697,14699,14701,14703],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,14689,14690],{"class":58},"data_copy",[52,14692,3994],{"class":66},[52,14694,757],{"class":756},[52,14696,4853],{"class":760},[52,14698,757],{"class":756},[52,14700,13363],{"class":66},[52,14702,13366],{"class":62},[52,14704,14705],{"class":70}," 20\n",[52,14707,14708],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,14709,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,14711,14712,14714,14716,14718,14720,14722,14724,14726],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,14713,118],{"class":101},[52,14715,105],{"class":66},[52,14717,757],{"class":756},[52,14719,13384],{"class":760},[52,14721,757],{"class":756},[52,14723,74],{"class":66},[52,14725,14657],{"class":108},[52,14727,112],{"class":66},[52,14729,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14745],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,14731,118],{"class":101},[52,14733,105],{"class":66},[52,14735,757],{"class":756},[52,14737,13403],{"class":760},[52,14739,757],{"class":756},[52,14741,74],{"class":66},[52,14743,14744],{"class":108}," data_copy",[52,14746,112],{"class":66},[20,14748,14749],{},[3842,14750,311],{},[43,14752,14754],{"className":45,"code":14753,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14755,14756,14788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14757,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766,14768,14770,14772,14774,14776,14778,14780,14782,14784,14786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14759,13426],{"class":58},[52,14761,1772],{"class":66},[52,14763,10577],{"class":66},[52,14765,3406],{"class":756},[52,14767,236],{"class":760},[52,14769,3406],{"class":756},[52,14771,1772],{"class":66},[52,14773,270],{"class":70},[52,14775,74],{"class":66},[52,14777,3401],{"class":756},[52,14779,4853],{"class":760},[52,14781,3406],{"class":756},[52,14783,1772],{"class":66},[52,14785,77],{"class":70},[52,14787,9394],{"class":66},[52,14789,14790,14792,14794,14796,14798,14800,14802,14804,14806,14808,14810,14812,14814,14816,14818],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,14791,13463],{"class":58},[52,14793,1772],{"class":66},[52,14795,10577],{"class":66},[52,14797,3406],{"class":756},[52,14799,236],{"class":760},[52,14801,3406],{"class":756},[52,14803,1772],{"class":66},[52,14805,5586],{"class":70},[52,14807,74],{"class":66},[52,14809,3401],{"class":756},[52,14811,4853],{"class":760},[52,14813,3406],{"class":756},[52,14815,1772],{"class":66},[52,14817,7874],{"class":70},[52,14819,9394],{"class":66},[38,14821,1766],{"id":1765},[20,14823,14824,14825,1772],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14826,12522],{},[153,14828,14829,14836,14841,14846],{},[156,14830,1372,14831,11180,14833,14835],{},[15,14832,63],{},[15,14834,12865],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[156,14837,4670,14838,14840],{},[15,14839,12865],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[156,14842,14843,14844],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14845,12865],{},[156,14847,14848],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14850,14851],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[43,14853,14855],{"className":45,"code":14854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14856,14857,14867,14877,14891,14914,14937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,14858,14859,14861,14863,14865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,14860,118],{"class":101},[52,14862,105],{"class":66},[52,14864,12220],{"class":108},[52,14866,112],{"class":66},[52,14868,14869,14871,14873,14875],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,14870,118],{"class":101},[52,14872,105],{"class":66},[52,14874,14421],{"class":108},[52,14876,112],{"class":66},[52,14878,14879,14881,14883,14885,14887,14889],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,14880,118],{"class":101},[52,14882,105],{"class":66},[52,14884,12173],{"class":108},[52,14886,12281],{"class":1195},[52,14888,14475],{"class":108},[52,14890,112],{"class":66},[52,14892,14893,14895,14897,14899,14901,14903,14905,14908,14910,14912],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,14894,118],{"class":101},[52,14896,105],{"class":66},[52,14898,12737],{"class":101},[52,14900,105],{"class":66},[52,14902,12220],{"class":108},[52,14904,9318],{"class":66},[52,14906,14907],{"class":101}," id",[52,14909,105],{"class":66},[52,14911,14421],{"class":108},[52,14913,510],{"class":66},[52,14915,14916,14918,14920,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14933,14935],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,14917,118],{"class":101},[52,14919,105],{"class":66},[52,14921,12737],{"class":101},[52,14923,105],{"class":66},[52,14925,12220],{"class":108},[52,14927,3994],{"class":66},[52,14929,757],{"class":756},[52,14931,14932],{"class":760},"key",[52,14934,757],{"class":756},[52,14936,1063],{"class":66},[52,14938,14939,14941,14943,14945,14947,14949,14951,14953,14955,14957],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,14940,118],{"class":101},[52,14942,105],{"class":66},[52,14944,12737],{"class":101},[52,14946,105],{"class":66},[52,14948,14421],{"class":108},[52,14950,3994],{"class":66},[52,14952,757],{"class":756},[52,14954,14932],{"class":760},[52,14956,757],{"class":756},[52,14958,1063],{"class":66},[20,14960,14961],{},"What these help you check:",[153,14963,14964,14967,14970],{},[156,14965,14966],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[156,14968,14969],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[156,14971,14972],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14974,14975,14976,242],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[236,14977,14979],{"href":14978},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[38,14981,1919],{"id":1918},[461,14983,12792,14985,14987],{"id":14984},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14986,12522],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14989,14990],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[461,14992,14994,14995,14997],{"id":14993},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14996,12522],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14999,15000],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[461,15002,5270,15004,652,15006,1963],{"id":15003},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,15005,12865],{},[15,15007,63],{},[20,15009,15010,15012,15013,15015],{},[15,15011,12865],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,15014,63],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[461,15017,15019],{"id":15018},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,15021,15022],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[38,15024,1986],{"id":1985},[153,15026,15027,15031,15035,15039,15046,15052],{},[156,15028,15029],{},[236,15030,11331],{"href":13115},[156,15032,15033],{},[236,15034,9241],{"href":13112},[156,15036,15037],{},[236,15038,13881],{"href":13880},[156,15040,15041],{},[236,15042,10824,15043,10828],{"href":14123},[15,15044,15045],{},"update()",[156,15047,15048],{},[236,15049,10824,15050,10828],{"href":12912},[15,15051,11410],{},[156,15053,15054],{},[236,15055,15056],{"href":14978},"How to copy a list in Python",[2029,15058,15059],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":15061},[15062,15063,15065,15066,15067,15068,15070,15076,15077,15078,15087],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":13084,"depth":93,"text":15064},"What the copy() method does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":13523,"depth":93,"text":13524},{"id":13884,"depth":93,"text":15069},"When to use copy()",{"id":14133,"depth":93,"text":15071,"children":15072},"copy() vs assignment",[15073,15074],{"id":14150,"depth":115,"text":14151},{"id":14358,"depth":115,"text":15075},"Using copy()",{"id":14589,"depth":93,"text":14590},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":15079},[15080,15082,15084,15086],{"id":14984,"depth":115,"text":15081},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14993,"depth":115,"text":15083},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":15003,"depth":115,"text":15085},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":15018,"depth":115,"text":15019},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12918,"description":15088},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":15095,"title":15096,"body":15097,"description":17296,"extension":2083,"meta":17297,"navigation":296,"path":13115,"seo":17298,"stem":17299,"__hash__":17300},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":15098,"toc":17258},[15099,15102,15108,15117,15119,15195,15199,15248,15251,15255,15269,15272,15276,15289,15292,15325,15339,15342,15354,15358,15361,15369,15449,15453,15506,15510,15528,15530,15612,15615,15617,15620,15623,15646,15670,15674,15682,15685,15689,15698,15703,15761,15765,15798,15804,15810,15813,15868,15872,15922,15925,15931,15934,15942,15944,15989,15994,16003,16006,16009,16056,16058,16063,16066,16160,16164,16217,16220,16276,16279,16283,16286,16300,16304,16370,16374,16399,16402,16406,16484,16488,16491,16494,16514,16517,16570,16574,16577,16580,16593,16595,16684,16691,16694,16705,16707,16710,16730,16734,16737,16746,16749,16788,16792,16794,16803,16812,16814,16852,16856,16903,16907,16928,16932,16935,17047,17052,17150,17172,17174,17178,17185,17189,17195,17199,17202,17206,17209,17216,17224,17226,17252,17255],[10,15100,15096],{"id":15101},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,15103,15104,15105,15107],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3842,15106,9217],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,15109,15110,15111,1943,15113,242],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[236,15112,9241],{"href":9240},[236,15114,15116],{"href":15115},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[38,15118,41],{"id":40},[43,15120,15122],{"className":45,"code":15121,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15123,15124,15132,15150,15164,15177,15181,15185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15125,15126,15128,15130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15127,12952],{"class":58},[52,15129,63],{"class":62},[52,15131,11581],{"class":66},[52,15133,15134,15136,15138,15140,15142,15144,15146,15148],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15135,11586],{"class":756},[52,15137,7751],{"class":760},[52,15139,757],{"class":756},[52,15141,1772],{"class":66},[52,15143,768],{"class":756},[52,15145,12969],{"class":760},[52,15147,757],{"class":756},[52,15149,11602],{"class":66},[52,15151,15152,15154,15156,15158,15160,15162],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15153,11586],{"class":756},[52,15155,9384],{"class":760},[52,15157,757],{"class":756},[52,15159,1772],{"class":66},[52,15161,7874],{"class":70},[52,15163,11602],{"class":66},[52,15165,15166,15168,15171,15173,15175],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,15167,11586],{"class":756},[52,15169,15170],{"class":760},"is_active",[52,15172,757],{"class":756},[52,15174,1772],{"class":66},[52,15176,6506],{"class":674},[52,15178,15179],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,15180,9394],{"class":66},[52,15182,15183],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,15184,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,15186,15187,15189,15191,15193],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,15188,118],{"class":101},[52,15190,105],{"class":66},[52,15192,13716],{"class":108},[52,15194,112],{"class":66},[20,15196,15197],{},[3842,15198,311],{},[43,15200,15202],{"className":45,"code":15201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,15203,15204],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15205,15206,15208,15210,15212,15214,15216,15218,15220,15222,15224,15226,15228,15230,15232,15234,15236,15238,15240,15242,15244,15246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15207,9363],{"class":66},[52,15209,3406],{"class":756},[52,15211,7751],{"class":760},[52,15213,3406],{"class":756},[52,15215,1772],{"class":66},[52,15217,3401],{"class":756},[52,15219,12969],{"class":760},[52,15221,3406],{"class":756},[52,15223,74],{"class":66},[52,15225,3401],{"class":756},[52,15227,9384],{"class":760},[52,15229,3406],{"class":756},[52,15231,1772],{"class":66},[52,15233,7874],{"class":70},[52,15235,74],{"class":66},[52,15237,3401],{"class":756},[52,15239,15170],{"class":760},[52,15241,3406],{"class":756},[52,15243,1772],{"class":66},[52,15245,684],{"class":674},[52,15247,9394],{"class":66},[20,15249,15250],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[38,15252,15254],{"id":15253},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[153,15256,15257,15260,15263,15266],{},[156,15258,15259],{},"What a dictionary is",[156,15261,15262],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[156,15264,15265],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[156,15267,15268],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[38,15270,15259],{"id":15271},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,15273,9214,15274,242],{},[3842,15275,9217],{},[153,15277,15278,15284],{},[156,15279,15280,15281,15283],{},"A ",[3842,15282,14932],{}," is the label",[156,15285,15280,15286,15288],{},[3842,15287,2588],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,15290,15291],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[43,15293,15295],{"className":45,"code":15294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,15296,15297,15305,15321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15298,15299,15301,15303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15300,12952],{"class":58},[52,15302,63],{"class":62},[52,15304,11581],{"class":66},[52,15306,15307,15309,15311,15313,15315,15317,15319],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15308,11586],{"class":756},[52,15310,7751],{"class":760},[52,15312,757],{"class":756},[52,15314,1772],{"class":66},[52,15316,768],{"class":756},[52,15318,12969],{"class":760},[52,15320,3465],{"class":756},[52,15322,15323],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15324,9394],{"class":66},[153,15326,15327,15333],{},[156,15328,15329,15332],{},[15,15330,15331],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[156,15334,15335,15338],{},[15,15336,15337],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,15340,15341],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[153,15343,15344,15346,15348,15351],{},[156,15345,7751],{},[156,15347,9384],{},[156,15349,15350],{},"email",[156,15352,15353],{},"country",[38,15355,15357],{"id":15356},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,15359,15360],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,15362,133,15363,15365,15366,242],{},[15,15364,3892],{}," and write each item as ",[15,15367,15368],{},"key: value",[43,15370,15372],{"className":45,"code":15371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15373,15374,15382,15400,15414,15431,15435,15439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15375,15376,15378,15380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15377,12952],{"class":58},[52,15379,63],{"class":62},[52,15381,11581],{"class":66},[52,15383,15384,15386,15388,15390,15392,15394,15396,15398],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15385,11586],{"class":756},[52,15387,7751],{"class":760},[52,15389,757],{"class":756},[52,15391,1772],{"class":66},[52,15393,768],{"class":756},[52,15395,12969],{"class":760},[52,15397,757],{"class":756},[52,15399,11602],{"class":66},[52,15401,15402,15404,15406,15408,15410,15412],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15403,11586],{"class":756},[52,15405,9384],{"class":760},[52,15407,757],{"class":756},[52,15409,1772],{"class":66},[52,15411,7874],{"class":70},[52,15413,11602],{"class":66},[52,15415,15416,15418,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,15417,11586],{"class":756},[52,15419,15420],{"class":760},"course",[52,15422,757],{"class":756},[52,15424,1772],{"class":66},[52,15426,768],{"class":756},[52,15428,7379],{"class":760},[52,15430,3465],{"class":756},[52,15432,15433],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,15434,9394],{"class":66},[52,15436,15437],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,15438,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,15440,15441,15443,15445,15447],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,15442,118],{"class":101},[52,15444,105],{"class":66},[52,15446,13716],{"class":108},[52,15448,112],{"class":66},[20,15450,15451],{},[3842,15452,311],{},[43,15454,15456],{"className":45,"code":15455,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,15457,15458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15459,15460,15462,15464,15466,15468,15470,15472,15474,15476,15478,15480,15482,15484,15486,15488,15490,15492,15494,15496,15498,15500,15502,15504],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15461,9363],{"class":66},[52,15463,3406],{"class":756},[52,15465,7751],{"class":760},[52,15467,3406],{"class":756},[52,15469,1772],{"class":66},[52,15471,3401],{"class":756},[52,15473,12969],{"class":760},[52,15475,3406],{"class":756},[52,15477,74],{"class":66},[52,15479,3401],{"class":756},[52,15481,9384],{"class":760},[52,15483,3406],{"class":756},[52,15485,1772],{"class":66},[52,15487,7874],{"class":70},[52,15489,74],{"class":66},[52,15491,3401],{"class":756},[52,15493,15420],{"class":760},[52,15495,3406],{"class":756},[52,15497,1772],{"class":66},[52,15499,3401],{"class":756},[52,15501,7379],{"class":760},[52,15503,3406],{"class":756},[52,15505,9394],{"class":66},[461,15507,15509],{"id":15508},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[153,15511,15512,15517,15522,15525],{},[156,15513,133,15514,15516],{},[15,15515,3892],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[156,15518,15519,15520],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15521,15368],{},[156,15523,15524],{},"Separate items with commas",[156,15526,15527],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15529,2324],{},[43,15531,15533],{"className":45,"code":15532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15534,15535,15544,15564,15580,15593,15597,15601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15536,15537,15540,15542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15538,15539],{"class":58},"book ",[52,15541,63],{"class":62},[52,15543,11581],{"class":66},[52,15545,15546,15548,15551,15553,15555,15557,15560,15562],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15547,11586],{"class":756},[52,15549,15550],{"class":760},"title",[52,15552,757],{"class":756},[52,15554,1772],{"class":66},[52,15556,768],{"class":756},[52,15558,15559],{"class":760},"Python Basics",[52,15561,757],{"class":756},[52,15563,11602],{"class":66},[52,15565,15566,15568,15571,15573,15575,15578],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15567,11586],{"class":756},[52,15569,15570],{"class":760},"pages",[52,15572,757],{"class":756},[52,15574,1772],{"class":66},[52,15576,15577],{"class":70}," 150",[52,15579,11602],{"class":66},[52,15581,15582,15584,15587,15589,15591],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,15583,11586],{"class":756},[52,15585,15586],{"class":760},"available",[52,15588,757],{"class":756},[52,15590,1772],{"class":66},[52,15592,6506],{"class":674},[52,15594,15595],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,15596,9394],{"class":66},[52,15598,15599],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,15600,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,15602,15603,15605,15607,15610],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,15604,118],{"class":101},[52,15606,105],{"class":66},[52,15608,15609],{"class":108},"book",[52,15611,112],{"class":66},[20,15613,15614],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[38,15616,9488],{"id":9487},[20,15618,15619],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15621,15622],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[43,15624,15626],{"className":45,"code":15625,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15627,15628,15636],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15629,15630,15632,15634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15631,9251],{"class":58},[52,15633,63],{"class":62},[52,15635,9924],{"class":66},[52,15637,15638,15640,15642,15644],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15639,118],{"class":101},[52,15641,105],{"class":66},[52,15643,9289],{"class":108},[52,15645,112],{"class":66},[43,15647,15648],{"className":45,"code":9491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15649,15650,15660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15651,15652,15654,15656,15658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15653,9251],{"class":58},[52,15655,63],{"class":62},[52,15657,9256],{"class":1184},[52,15659,8729],{"class":66},[52,15661,15662,15664,15666,15668],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15663,118],{"class":101},[52,15665,105],{"class":66},[52,15667,9289],{"class":108},[52,15669,112],{"class":66},[20,15671,15672],{},[3842,15673,311],{},[43,15675,15676],{"className":45,"code":9520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,15677,15678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15679,15680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15681,9520],{"class":66},[20,15683,15684],{},"Both are correct.",[461,15686,15688],{"id":15687},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15690,15691,15693,15694,15697],{},[15,15692,3892],{}," creates an empty ",[3842,15695,15696],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15699,15700,15701,242],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15702,3897],{},[43,15704,15706],{"className":45,"code":15705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15707,15708,15716,15728,15732,15746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15709,15710,15712,15714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15711,11812],{"class":58},[52,15713,63],{"class":62},[52,15715,9924],{"class":66},[52,15717,15718,15721,15723,15726],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15719,15720],{"class":58},"my_set ",[52,15722,63],{"class":62},[52,15724,15725],{"class":1184}," set",[52,15727,8729],{"class":66},[52,15729,15730],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,15731,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,15733,15734,15736,15738,15740,15742,15744],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,15735,118],{"class":101},[52,15737,105],{"class":66},[52,15739,1827],{"class":1184},[52,15741,105],{"class":66},[52,15743,11539],{"class":108},[52,15745,510],{"class":66},[52,15747,15748,15750,15752,15754,15756,15759],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,15749,118],{"class":101},[52,15751,105],{"class":66},[52,15753,1827],{"class":1184},[52,15755,105],{"class":66},[52,15757,15758],{"class":108},"my_set",[52,15760,510],{"class":66},[20,15762,15763],{},[3842,15764,311],{},[43,15766,15768],{"className":45,"code":15767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15769,15770,15784],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15771,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15773,3395],{"class":62},[52,15775,3398],{"class":2184},[52,15777,3401],{"class":756},[52,15779,8908],{"class":760},[52,15781,3406],{"class":756},[52,15783,3409],{"class":62},[52,15785,15786,15788,15790,15792,15794,15796],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15787,3395],{"class":62},[52,15789,3398],{"class":2184},[52,15791,3401],{"class":756},[52,15793,6372],{"class":760},[52,15795,3406],{"class":756},[52,15797,3409],{"class":62},[38,15799,15801,15802],{"id":15800},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15803,9206],{},[20,15805,15806,15807,15809],{},"You can also use ",[15,15808,9206],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15811,15812],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[43,15814,15816],{"className":45,"code":15815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15817,15818,15858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15819,15820,15822,15824,15826,15828,15830,15832,15834,15836,15838,15840,15842,15844,15847,15849,15852,15854,15856],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15821,12952],{"class":58},[52,15823,63],{"class":62},[52,15825,9256],{"class":1184},[52,15827,105],{"class":66},[52,15829,7751],{"class":201},[52,15831,63],{"class":62},[52,15833,757],{"class":756},[52,15835,12969],{"class":760},[52,15837,757],{"class":756},[52,15839,74],{"class":66},[52,15841,9273],{"class":201},[52,15843,63],{"class":62},[52,15845,15846],{"class":70},"20",[52,15848,74],{"class":66},[52,15850,15851],{"class":201}," active",[52,15853,63],{"class":62},[52,15855,173],{"class":674},[52,15857,112],{"class":66},[52,15859,15860,15862,15864,15866],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15861,118],{"class":101},[52,15863,105],{"class":66},[52,15865,13716],{"class":108},[52,15867,112],{"class":66},[20,15869,15870],{},[3842,15871,311],{},[43,15873,15875],{"className":45,"code":15874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15876,15877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15878,15879,15881,15883,15885,15887,15889,15891,15893,15895,15897,15899,15901,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15914,15916,15918,15920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15880,9363],{"class":66},[52,15882,3406],{"class":756},[52,15884,7751],{"class":760},[52,15886,3406],{"class":756},[52,15888,1772],{"class":66},[52,15890,3401],{"class":756},[52,15892,12969],{"class":760},[52,15894,3406],{"class":756},[52,15896,74],{"class":66},[52,15898,3401],{"class":756},[52,15900,9384],{"class":760},[52,15902,3406],{"class":756},[52,15904,1772],{"class":66},[52,15906,7874],{"class":70},[52,15908,74],{"class":66},[52,15910,3401],{"class":756},[52,15912,15913],{"class":760},"active",[52,15915,3406],{"class":756},[52,15917,1772],{"class":66},[52,15919,684],{"class":674},[52,15921,9394],{"class":66},[20,15923,15924],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[461,15926,15928,15929],{"id":15927},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15930,9206],{},[20,15932,15933],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[153,15935,15936,15939],{},[156,15937,15938],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[156,15940,15941],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15943,6769],{},[43,15945,15947],{"className":45,"code":15946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15948,15949,15979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,15950,15951,15953,15955,15957,15959,15961,15963,15965,15967,15969,15971,15973,15975,15977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,15952,11576],{"class":58},[52,15954,63],{"class":62},[52,15956,9256],{"class":1184},[52,15958,105],{"class":66},[52,15960,7751],{"class":201},[52,15962,63],{"class":62},[52,15964,757],{"class":756},[52,15966,7760],{"class":760},[52,15968,757],{"class":756},[52,15970,74],{"class":66},[52,15972,9273],{"class":201},[52,15974,63],{"class":62},[52,15976,9278],{"class":70},[52,15978,112],{"class":66},[52,15980,15981,15983,15985,15987],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,15982,118],{"class":101},[52,15984,105],{"class":66},[52,15986,11670],{"class":108},[52,15988,112],{"class":66},[20,15990,4719,15991,15993],{},[3842,15992,4722],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[43,15995,15997],{"className":45,"code":15996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15998,15999],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16000,16001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16002,15996],{"class":129},[20,16004,16005],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,16007,16008],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[43,16010,16012],{"className":45,"code":16011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,16013,16014,16022,16038,16042,16046],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16015,16016,16018,16020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16017,11576],{"class":58},[52,16019,63],{"class":62},[52,16021,11581],{"class":66},[52,16023,16024,16026,16028,16030,16032,16034,16036],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16025,11586],{"class":756},[52,16027,10582],{"class":760},[52,16029,757],{"class":756},[52,16031,1772],{"class":66},[52,16033,768],{"class":756},[52,16035,7760],{"class":760},[52,16037,3465],{"class":756},[52,16039,16040],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16041,9394],{"class":66},[52,16043,16044],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,16045,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,16047,16048,16050,16052,16054],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,16049,118],{"class":101},[52,16051,105],{"class":66},[52,16053,11670],{"class":108},[52,16055,112],{"class":66},[38,16057,9530],{"id":9529},[20,16059,16060,16062],{},[15,16061,9206],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,16064,16065],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[43,16067,16069],{"className":45,"code":16068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,16070,16071,16128,16132,16146,16150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16072,16073,16075,16077,16079,16081,16083,16085,16087,16089,16091,16093,16095,16097,16099,16101,16103,16105,16107,16109,16111,16113,16115,16117,16119,16121,16124,16126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16074,9300],{"class":58},[52,16076,63],{"class":62},[52,16078,9305],{"class":66},[52,16080,757],{"class":756},[52,16082,7751],{"class":760},[52,16084,757],{"class":756},[52,16086,74],{"class":66},[52,16088,768],{"class":756},[52,16090,12969],{"class":760},[52,16092,757],{"class":756},[52,16094,9318],{"class":66},[52,16096,9321],{"class":66},[52,16098,757],{"class":756},[52,16100,9384],{"class":760},[52,16102,757],{"class":756},[52,16104,74],{"class":66},[52,16106,7874],{"class":70},[52,16108,9318],{"class":66},[52,16110,9321],{"class":66},[52,16112,757],{"class":756},[52,16114,10495],{"class":760},[52,16116,757],{"class":756},[52,16118,74],{"class":66},[52,16120,768],{"class":756},[52,16122,16123],{"class":760},"Lima",[52,16125,757],{"class":756},[52,16127,9334],{"class":66},[52,16129,16130],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16131,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,16133,16134,16136,16138,16140,16142,16144],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16135,12952],{"class":58},[52,16137,63],{"class":62},[52,16139,9256],{"class":1184},[52,16141,105],{"class":66},[52,16143,9347],{"class":108},[52,16145,112],{"class":66},[52,16147,16148],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,16149,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,16151,16152,16154,16156,16158],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,16153,118],{"class":101},[52,16155,105],{"class":66},[52,16157,13716],{"class":108},[52,16159,112],{"class":66},[20,16161,16162],{},[3842,16163,311],{},[43,16165,16167],{"className":45,"code":16166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,16168,16169],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16170,16171,16173,16175,16177,16179,16181,16183,16185,16187,16189,16191,16193,16195,16197,16199,16201,16203,16205,16207,16209,16211,16213,16215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16172,9363],{"class":66},[52,16174,3406],{"class":756},[52,16176,7751],{"class":760},[52,16178,3406],{"class":756},[52,16180,1772],{"class":66},[52,16182,3401],{"class":756},[52,16184,12969],{"class":760},[52,16186,3406],{"class":756},[52,16188,74],{"class":66},[52,16190,3401],{"class":756},[52,16192,9384],{"class":760},[52,16194,3406],{"class":756},[52,16196,1772],{"class":66},[52,16198,7874],{"class":70},[52,16200,74],{"class":66},[52,16202,3401],{"class":756},[52,16204,10495],{"class":760},[52,16206,3406],{"class":756},[52,16208,1772],{"class":66},[52,16210,3401],{"class":756},[52,16212,16123],{"class":760},[52,16214,3406],{"class":756},[52,16216,9394],{"class":66},[20,16218,16219],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[43,16221,16223],{"className":45,"code":16222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,16224,16225,16266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16226,16227,16229,16231,16233,16236,16238,16240,16242,16244,16246,16248,16250,16252,16254,16256,16258,16260,16262,16264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16228,12952],{"class":58},[52,16230,63],{"class":62},[52,16232,9256],{"class":1184},[52,16234,16235],{"class":66},"(((",[52,16237,757],{"class":756},[52,16239,7751],{"class":760},[52,16241,757],{"class":756},[52,16243,74],{"class":66},[52,16245,768],{"class":756},[52,16247,12969],{"class":760},[52,16249,757],{"class":756},[52,16251,9318],{"class":66},[52,16253,9321],{"class":66},[52,16255,757],{"class":756},[52,16257,9384],{"class":760},[52,16259,757],{"class":756},[52,16261,74],{"class":66},[52,16263,7874],{"class":70},[52,16265,622],{"class":66},[52,16267,16268,16270,16272,16274],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16269,118],{"class":101},[52,16271,105],{"class":66},[52,16273,13716],{"class":108},[52,16275,112],{"class":66},[20,16277,16278],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[38,16280,16282],{"id":16281},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,16284,16285],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[153,16287,16288,16291,16294,16297],{},[156,16289,16290],{},"Keys must be unique",[156,16292,16293],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[156,16295,16296],{},"Values can repeat",[156,16298,16299],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[461,16301,16303],{"id":16302},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[43,16305,16307],{"className":45,"code":16306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,16308,16309,16317,16335,16352,16356,16360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16310,16311,16313,16315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16312,9251],{"class":58},[52,16314,63],{"class":62},[52,16316,11581],{"class":66},[52,16318,16319,16321,16323,16325,16327,16329,16331,16333],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16320,11586],{"class":756},[52,16322,7751],{"class":760},[52,16324,757],{"class":756},[52,16326,1772],{"class":66},[52,16328,768],{"class":756},[52,16330,12969],{"class":760},[52,16332,757],{"class":756},[52,16334,11602],{"class":66},[52,16336,16337,16339,16341,16343,16345,16347,16350],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16338,11586],{"class":756},[52,16340,7751],{"class":760},[52,16342,757],{"class":756},[52,16344,1772],{"class":66},[52,16346,768],{"class":756},[52,16348,16349],{"class":760},"Maria",[52,16351,3465],{"class":756},[52,16353,16354],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,16355,9394],{"class":66},[52,16357,16358],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,16359,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,16361,16362,16364,16366,16368],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,16363,118],{"class":101},[52,16365,105],{"class":66},[52,16367,9289],{"class":108},[52,16369,112],{"class":66},[20,16371,16372],{},[3842,16373,311],{},[43,16375,16377],{"className":45,"code":16376,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,16378,16379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16380,16381,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395,16397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16382,9363],{"class":66},[52,16384,3406],{"class":756},[52,16386,7751],{"class":760},[52,16388,3406],{"class":756},[52,16390,1772],{"class":66},[52,16392,3401],{"class":756},[52,16394,16349],{"class":760},[52,16396,3406],{"class":756},[52,16398,9394],{"class":66},[20,16400,16401],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[461,16403,16405],{"id":16404},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[43,16407,16409],{"className":45,"code":16408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,16410,16411,16419,16435,16451,16465,16469,16473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16412,16413,16415,16417],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16414,5157],{"class":58},[52,16416,63],{"class":62},[52,16418,11581],{"class":66},[52,16420,16421,16424,16426,16428,16431,16433],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16422,16423],{"class":70},"    1",[52,16425,1772],{"class":66},[52,16427,768],{"class":756},[52,16429,16430],{"class":760},"low",[52,16432,757],{"class":756},[52,16434,11602],{"class":66},[52,16436,16437,16440,16442,16444,16447,16449],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16438,16439],{"class":70},"    2",[52,16441,1772],{"class":66},[52,16443,768],{"class":756},[52,16445,16446],{"class":760},"medium",[52,16448,757],{"class":756},[52,16450,11602],{"class":66},[52,16452,16453,16456,16458,16460,16463],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,16454,16455],{"class":70},"    3",[52,16457,1772],{"class":66},[52,16459,768],{"class":756},[52,16461,16462],{"class":760},"high",[52,16464,3465],{"class":756},[52,16466,16467],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,16468,9394],{"class":66},[52,16470,16471],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,16472,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,16474,16475,16477,16479,16482],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,16476,118],{"class":101},[52,16478,105],{"class":66},[52,16480,16481],{"class":108},"scores",[52,16483,112],{"class":66},[461,16485,16487],{"id":16486},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16489,16490],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16492,16493],{},"This will cause an error:",[43,16495,16497],{"className":45,"code":16496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16498,16499,16504,16509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16500,16501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16502,16503],{"class":129},"# bad = {\n",[52,16505,16506],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16507,16508],{"class":129},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[52,16510,16511],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16512,16513],{"class":129},"# }\n",[20,16515,16516],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[43,16518,16520],{"className":45,"code":16519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16521,16522,16531,16551,16555,16559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16523,16524,16527,16529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16525,16526],{"class":58},"good ",[52,16528,63],{"class":62},[52,16530,11581],{"class":66},[52,16532,16533,16536,16538,16540,16542,16545,16547,16549],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16534,16535],{"class":66},"    (",[52,16537,71],{"class":70},[52,16539,74],{"class":66},[52,16541,77],{"class":70},[52,16543,16544],{"class":66},"):",[52,16546,768],{"class":756},[52,16548,109],{"class":760},[52,16550,3465],{"class":756},[52,16552,16553],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16554,9394],{"class":66},[52,16556,16557],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,16558,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,16560,16561,16563,16565,16568],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,16562,118],{"class":101},[52,16564,105],{"class":66},[52,16566,16567],{"class":108},"good",[52,16569,112],{"class":66},[38,16571,16573],{"id":16572},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16575,16576],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16578,16579],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[153,16581,16582,16585,16587,16590],{},[156,16583,16584],{},"user data",[156,16586,13975],{},[156,16588,16589],{},"counters",[156,16591,16592],{},"lookups",[20,16594,2324],{},[43,16596,16598],{"className":45,"code":16597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16599,16600,16608,16627,16646,16658,16662,16666],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16601,16602,16604,16606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16603,11576],{"class":58},[52,16605,63],{"class":62},[52,16607,11581],{"class":66},[52,16609,16610,16612,16614,16616,16618,16620,16623,16625],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16611,11586],{"class":756},[52,16613,8070],{"class":760},[52,16615,757],{"class":756},[52,16617,1772],{"class":66},[52,16619,768],{"class":756},[52,16621,16622],{"class":760},"ana123",[52,16624,757],{"class":756},[52,16626,11602],{"class":66},[52,16628,16629,16631,16633,16635,16637,16639,16642,16644],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16630,11586],{"class":756},[52,16632,15350],{"class":760},[52,16634,757],{"class":756},[52,16636,1772],{"class":66},[52,16638,768],{"class":756},[52,16640,16641],{"class":760},"ana@example.com",[52,16643,757],{"class":756},[52,16645,11602],{"class":66},[52,16647,16648,16650,16652,16654,16656],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,16649,11586],{"class":756},[52,16651,12602],{"class":760},[52,16653,757],{"class":756},[52,16655,1772],{"class":66},[52,16657,6506],{"class":674},[52,16659,16660],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,16661,9394],{"class":66},[52,16663,16664],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,16665,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,16667,16668,16670,16672,16674,16676,16678,16680,16682],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,16669,118],{"class":101},[52,16671,105],{"class":66},[52,16673,11670],{"class":108},[52,16675,3994],{"class":66},[52,16677,757],{"class":756},[52,16679,15350],{"class":760},[52,16681,757],{"class":756},[52,16683,1858],{"class":66},[20,16685,16686,16687,242],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[236,16688,16690],{"href":16689},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16692,16693],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[153,16695,16696,16699,16702],{},[156,16697,16698],{},"labels are not needed",[156,16700,16701],{},"you mostly care about position",[156,16703,16704],{},"order matters more than named fields",[38,16706,1766],{"id":1765},[20,16708,16709],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[153,16711,16712,16715,16718,16721,16724],{},[156,16713,16714],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[156,16716,16717],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[156,16719,16720],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[156,16722,16723],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[156,16725,16726,16727,16729],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16728,3892],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[461,16731,16733],{"id":16732},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16735,16736],{},"Wrong:",[43,16738,16740],{"className":45,"code":16739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16741,16742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16743,16744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16745,16739],{"class":129},[20,16747,16748],{},"Correct:",[43,16750,16752],{"className":45,"code":16751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16753,16754,16778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16755,16756,16758,16760,16762,16764,16766,16768,16770,16772,16774,16776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16757,12952],{"class":58},[52,16759,63],{"class":62},[52,16761,10577],{"class":66},[52,16763,757],{"class":756},[52,16765,7751],{"class":760},[52,16767,757],{"class":756},[52,16769,1772],{"class":66},[52,16771,768],{"class":756},[52,16773,12969],{"class":760},[52,16775,757],{"class":756},[52,16777,9394],{"class":66},[52,16779,16780,16782,16784,16786],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16781,118],{"class":101},[52,16783,105],{"class":66},[52,16785,13716],{"class":108},[52,16787,112],{"class":66},[461,16789,16791],{"id":16790},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16793,16736],{},[43,16795,16797],{"className":45,"code":16796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16798,16799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16800,16801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16802,16796],{"class":129},[20,16804,16805,16806,16808,16809,16811],{},"This only works if ",[15,16807,7751],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16810,15331],{},", use quotes.",[20,16813,16748],{},[43,16815,16816],{"className":45,"code":16751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,16817,16818,16842],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16819,16820,16822,16824,16826,16828,16830,16832,16834,16836,16838,16840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16821,12952],{"class":58},[52,16823,63],{"class":62},[52,16825,10577],{"class":66},[52,16827,757],{"class":756},[52,16829,7751],{"class":760},[52,16831,757],{"class":756},[52,16833,1772],{"class":66},[52,16835,768],{"class":756},[52,16837,12969],{"class":760},[52,16839,757],{"class":756},[52,16841,9394],{"class":66},[52,16843,16844,16846,16848,16850],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16845,118],{"class":101},[52,16847,105],{"class":66},[52,16849,13716],{"class":108},[52,16851,112],{"class":66},[461,16853,16855],{"id":16854},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[43,16857,16859],{"className":45,"code":16858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16860,16861,16893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16862,16863,16865,16867,16869,16871,16873,16875,16877,16879,16881,16883,16885,16887,16889,16891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16864,9251],{"class":58},[52,16866,63],{"class":62},[52,16868,10577],{"class":66},[52,16870,757],{"class":756},[52,16872,9384],{"class":760},[52,16874,757],{"class":756},[52,16876,1772],{"class":66},[52,16878,7874],{"class":70},[52,16880,74],{"class":66},[52,16882,768],{"class":756},[52,16884,9384],{"class":760},[52,16886,757],{"class":756},[52,16888,1772],{"class":66},[52,16890,7879],{"class":70},[52,16892,9394],{"class":66},[52,16894,16895,16897,16899,16901],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16896,118],{"class":101},[52,16898,105],{"class":66},[52,16900,9289],{"class":108},[52,16902,112],{"class":66},[20,16904,16905],{},[3842,16906,311],{},[43,16908,16910],{"className":45,"code":16909,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16911,16912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16913,16914,16916,16918,16920,16922,16924,16926],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16915,9363],{"class":66},[52,16917,3406],{"class":756},[52,16919,9384],{"class":760},[52,16921,3406],{"class":756},[52,16923,1772],{"class":66},[52,16925,7879],{"class":70},[52,16927,9394],{"class":66},[38,16929,16931],{"id":16930},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16933,16934],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[43,16936,16938],{"className":45,"code":16937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16939,16940,16976,16980,16990,17004,17019,17033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,16941,16942,16944,16946,16948,16950,16952,16954,16956,16958,16960,16962,16964,16966,16968,16970,16972,16974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,16943,11812],{"class":58},[52,16945,63],{"class":62},[52,16947,10577],{"class":66},[52,16949,757],{"class":756},[52,16951,7751],{"class":760},[52,16953,757],{"class":756},[52,16955,1772],{"class":66},[52,16957,768],{"class":756},[52,16959,12969],{"class":760},[52,16961,757],{"class":756},[52,16963,74],{"class":66},[52,16965,768],{"class":756},[52,16967,9384],{"class":760},[52,16969,757],{"class":756},[52,16971,1772],{"class":66},[52,16973,7874],{"class":70},[52,16975,9394],{"class":66},[52,16977,16978],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,16979,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,16981,16982,16984,16986,16988],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,16983,118],{"class":101},[52,16985,105],{"class":66},[52,16987,11539],{"class":108},[52,16989,112],{"class":66},[52,16991,16992,16994,16996,16998,17000,17002],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,16993,118],{"class":101},[52,16995,105],{"class":66},[52,16997,1827],{"class":1184},[52,16999,105],{"class":66},[52,17001,11539],{"class":108},[52,17003,510],{"class":66},[52,17005,17006,17008,17010,17012,17014,17017],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,17007,118],{"class":101},[52,17009,105],{"class":66},[52,17011,11539],{"class":108},[52,17013,242],{"class":66},[52,17015,17016],{"class":108},"keys",[52,17018,7276],{"class":66},[52,17020,17021,17023,17025,17027,17029,17031],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,17022,118],{"class":101},[52,17024,105],{"class":66},[52,17026,11539],{"class":108},[52,17028,242],{"class":66},[52,17030,507],{"class":108},[52,17032,7276],{"class":66},[52,17034,17035,17037,17039,17041,17043,17045],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,17036,118],{"class":101},[52,17038,105],{"class":66},[52,17040,11250],{"class":101},[52,17042,105],{"class":66},[52,17044,11539],{"class":108},[52,17046,510],{"class":66},[20,17048,17049],{},[3842,17050,17051],{},"Example output:",[43,17053,17055],{"className":45,"code":17054,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,17056,17057,17089,17103,17126,17145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17058,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077,17079,17081,17083,17085,17087],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17060,9363],{"class":66},[52,17062,3406],{"class":756},[52,17064,7751],{"class":760},[52,17066,3406],{"class":756},[52,17068,1772],{"class":66},[52,17070,3401],{"class":756},[52,17072,12969],{"class":760},[52,17074,3406],{"class":756},[52,17076,74],{"class":66},[52,17078,3401],{"class":756},[52,17080,9384],{"class":760},[52,17082,3406],{"class":756},[52,17084,1772],{"class":66},[52,17086,7874],{"class":70},[52,17088,9394],{"class":66},[52,17090,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,17092,3395],{"class":62},[52,17094,3398],{"class":2184},[52,17096,3401],{"class":756},[52,17098,8908],{"class":760},[52,17100,3406],{"class":756},[52,17102,3409],{"class":62},[52,17104,17105,17108,17110,17112,17114,17116,17118,17120,17122,17124],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17106,17107],{"class":108},"dict_keys",[52,17109,1058],{"class":66},[52,17111,3406],{"class":756},[52,17113,7751],{"class":760},[52,17115,3406],{"class":756},[52,17117,74],{"class":66},[52,17119,3401],{"class":756},[52,17121,9384],{"class":760},[52,17123,3406],{"class":756},[52,17125,1858],{"class":66},[52,17127,17128,17131,17133,17135,17137,17139,17141,17143],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,17129,17130],{"class":108},"dict_values",[52,17132,1058],{"class":66},[52,17134,3406],{"class":756},[52,17136,12969],{"class":760},[52,17138,3406],{"class":756},[52,17140,74],{"class":66},[52,17142,7874],{"class":70},[52,17144,1858],{"class":66},[52,17146,17147],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,17148,17149],{"class":70},"2\n",[20,17151,17152,17153,2305,17159,17165,17166,242],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[236,17154,10824,17156],{"href":17155},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,17157,17158],{},"keys()",[236,17160,10824,17162],{"href":17161},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,17163,17164],{},"values()",", and ",[236,17167,10824,17169],{"href":17168},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,17170,17171],{},"items()",[38,17173,1919],{"id":1918},[461,17175,17177],{"id":17176},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,17179,133,17180,1943,17182,17184],{},[15,17181,3892],{},[15,17183,9206],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[461,17186,17188],{"id":17187},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,17190,17191,17192,242],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,17193,17194],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[461,17196,17198],{"id":17197},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,17200,17201],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[461,17203,17205],{"id":17204},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,17207,17208],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[461,17210,5270,17212,652,17214,1963],{"id":17211},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,17213,3892],{},[15,17215,9206],{},[20,17217,17218,17220,17221,17223],{},[15,17219,3892],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,17222,9206],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[38,17225,1986],{"id":1985},[153,17227,17228,17232,17238,17242,17248],{},[156,17229,17230],{},[236,17231,9241],{"href":9240},[156,17233,17234],{},[236,17235,10824,17236,10828],{"href":10823},[15,17237,10827],{},[156,17239,17240],{},[236,17241,11340],{"href":10818},[156,17243,17244],{},[236,17245,17247],{"href":17246},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[156,17249,17250],{},[236,17251,11351],{"href":11162},[20,17253,17254],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[2029,17256,17257],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki 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var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":17259},[17260,17261,17262,17263,17266,17269,17274,17275,17280,17281,17286,17287,17295],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":15253,"depth":93,"text":15254},{"id":15271,"depth":93,"text":15259},{"id":15356,"depth":93,"text":15357,"children":17264},[17265],{"id":15508,"depth":115,"text":15509},{"id":9487,"depth":93,"text":9488,"children":17267},[17268],{"id":15687,"depth":115,"text":15688},{"id":15800,"depth":93,"text":17270,"children":17271},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[17272],{"id":15927,"depth":115,"text":17273},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9529,"depth":93,"text":9530},{"id":16281,"depth":93,"text":16282,"children":17276},[17277,17278,17279],{"id":16302,"depth":115,"text":16303},{"id":16404,"depth":115,"text":16405},{"id":16486,"depth":115,"text":16487},{"id":16572,"depth":93,"text":16573},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":17282},[17283,17284,17285],{"id":16732,"depth":115,"text":16733},{"id":16790,"depth":115,"text":16791},{"id":16854,"depth":115,"text":16855},{"id":16930,"depth":93,"text":16931},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":17288},[17289,17290,17291,17292,17293],{"id":17176,"depth":115,"text":17177},{"id":17187,"depth":115,"text":17188},{"id":17197,"depth":115,"text":17198},{"id":17204,"depth":115,"text":17205},{"id":17211,"depth":115,"text":17294},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":15096,"description":17296},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":17302,"title":17303,"body":17304,"description":19754,"extension":2083,"meta":19755,"navigation":296,"path":19756,"seo":19757,"stem":19758,"__hash__":19759},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":17305,"toc":19710},[17306,17312,17318,17321,17324,17326,17408,17414,17419,17423,17441,17453,17458,17462,17485,17489,17501,17509,17513,17519,17521,17524,17599,17601,17646,17648,17665,17670,17676,17681,17755,17757,17802,17805,17816,17818,17937,17939,17992,17999,18003,18006,18023,18029,18033,18131,18133,18184,18191,18195,18201,18204,18207,18234,18239,18243,18246,18350,18352,18397,18400,18403,18408,18413,18424,18426,18487,18547,18553,18561,18567,18572,18577,18637,18641,18708,18711,18715,18786,18789,18802,18809,18811,18815,18819,18890,18892,18929,18932,18935,18998,19005,19008,19050,19060,19063,19132,19138,19143,19227,19229,19278,19285,19291,19336,19338,19371,19376,19380,19386,19425,19469,19537,19580,19582,19588,19591,19595,19600,19604,19607,19611,19613,19674,19676,19702,19707],[10,17307,11407,17309,11411],{"id":17308},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,17310,17311],{},"fromkeys()",[20,17313,17314,17317],{},[15,17315,17316],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,17319,17320],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,17322,17323],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[38,17325,41],{"id":40},[43,17327,17329],{"className":45,"code":17328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,17330,17331,17364,17392,17403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17332,17333,17336,17338,17340,17342,17344,17346,17348,17350,17352,17354,17356,17358,17360,17362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17334,17335],{"class":58},"keys ",[52,17337,63],{"class":62},[52,17339,67],{"class":66},[52,17341,757],{"class":756},[52,17343,7751],{"class":760},[52,17345,757],{"class":756},[52,17347,74],{"class":66},[52,17349,768],{"class":756},[52,17351,9384],{"class":760},[52,17353,757],{"class":756},[52,17355,74],{"class":66},[52,17357,768],{"class":756},[52,17359,10495],{"class":760},[52,17361,757],{"class":756},[52,17363,90],{"class":66},[52,17365,17366,17368,17370,17372,17374,17377,17379,17381,17383,17385,17388,17390],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,17367,13294],{"class":58},[52,17369,63],{"class":62},[52,17371,9256],{"class":1184},[52,17373,242],{"class":66},[52,17375,17376],{"class":108},"fromkeys",[52,17378,105],{"class":66},[52,17380,17016],{"class":108},[52,17382,74],{"class":66},[52,17384,768],{"class":756},[52,17386,17387],{"class":760},"unknown",[52,17389,757],{"class":756},[52,17391,112],{"class":66},[52,17393,17394,17396,17398,17401],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17395,118],{"class":101},[52,17397,105],{"class":66},[52,17399,17400],{"class":108},"person",[52,17402,112],{"class":66},[52,17404,17405],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,17406,17407],{"class":129},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,17409,133,17410,17413],{},[15,17411,17412],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[38,17415,140,17417,143],{"id":17416},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,17418,17316],{},[20,17420,17421,1772],{},[15,17422,17316],{},[153,17424,17425,17428,17431,17434],{},[156,17426,17427],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[156,17429,17430],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[156,17432,17433],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[156,17435,17436,17437,17440],{},"Is called as ",[15,17438,17439],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,17442,17443,17444,17446,17447,17449,17450,242],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,17445,8908],{},", so you write ",[15,17448,17439],{}," instead of something like ",[15,17451,17452],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,17454,17455,17456,242],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[236,17457,9241],{"href":13112},[38,17459,17461],{"id":17460},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[43,17463,17465],{"className":45,"code":17464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,17466,17467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17468,17469,17471,17473,17475,17477,17479,17481,17483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17470,8908],{"class":1184},[52,17472,242],{"class":66},[52,17474,17376],{"class":108},[52,17476,105],{"class":66},[52,17478,196],{"class":108},[52,17480,74],{"class":66},[52,17482,348],{"class":108},[52,17484,112],{"class":66},[461,17486,17488],{"id":17487},"parameters","Parameters",[153,17490,17491,17496],{},[156,17492,17493,17495],{},[15,17494,196],{},": the keys to use",[156,17497,17498,17500],{},[15,17499,2588],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17502,17503,17504,17506,17507,242],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17505,2588],{},", each key gets ",[15,17508,3878],{},[461,17510,17512],{"id":17511},"return-value","Return value",[20,17514,17515,17516,242],{},"It returns a ",[3842,17517,17518],{},"new dictionary",[38,17520,5875],{"id":5874},[20,17522,17523],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[43,17525,17527],{"className":45,"code":17526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17528,17529,17562,17584,17588],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17530,17531,17533,17535,17537,17539,17541,17543,17545,17547,17550,17552,17554,17556,17558,17560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17532,17335],{"class":58},[52,17534,63],{"class":62},[52,17536,67],{"class":66},[52,17538,757],{"class":756},[52,17540,13182],{"class":760},[52,17542,757],{"class":756},[52,17544,74],{"class":66},[52,17546,768],{"class":756},[52,17548,17549],{"class":760},"green",[52,17551,757],{"class":756},[52,17553,74],{"class":66},[52,17555,768],{"class":756},[52,17557,13199],{"class":760},[52,17559,757],{"class":756},[52,17561,90],{"class":66},[52,17563,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,17565,13165],{"class":58},[52,17567,63],{"class":62},[52,17569,9256],{"class":1184},[52,17571,242],{"class":66},[52,17573,17376],{"class":108},[52,17575,105],{"class":66},[52,17577,17016],{"class":108},[52,17579,74],{"class":66},[52,17581,3933],{"class":70},[52,17583,112],{"class":66},[52,17585,17586],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17587,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,17589,17590,17592,17594,17597],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,17591,118],{"class":101},[52,17593,105],{"class":66},[52,17595,17596],{"class":108},"colors",[52,17598,112],{"class":66},[20,17600,311],{},[43,17602,17604],{"className":45,"code":17603,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17605,17606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17607,17608,17610,17612,17614,17616,17618,17620,17622,17624,17626,17628,17630,17632,17634,17636,17638,17640,17642,17644],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17609,9363],{"class":66},[52,17611,3406],{"class":756},[52,17613,13182],{"class":760},[52,17615,3406],{"class":756},[52,17617,1772],{"class":66},[52,17619,3933],{"class":70},[52,17621,74],{"class":66},[52,17623,3401],{"class":756},[52,17625,17549],{"class":760},[52,17627,3406],{"class":756},[52,17629,1772],{"class":66},[52,17631,3933],{"class":70},[52,17633,74],{"class":66},[52,17635,3401],{"class":756},[52,17637,13199],{"class":760},[52,17639,3406],{"class":756},[52,17641,1772],{"class":66},[52,17643,3933],{"class":70},[52,17645,9394],{"class":66},[20,17647,323],{},[153,17649,17650,17655,17660],{},[156,17651,17652,17654],{},[15,17653,17016],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[156,17656,17657,17659],{},[15,17658,207],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[156,17661,17662,17664],{},[15,17663,17316],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17666,17667,17668,242],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[236,17669,9477],{"href":13115},[38,17671,1372,17673,17675],{"id":17672},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17674,17311],{}," without a value",[20,17677,17678,17679,242],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17680,3878],{},[43,17682,17684],{"className":45,"code":17683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17685,17686,17720,17740,17744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17687,17688,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701,17703,17705,17707,17709,17711,17713,17716,17718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17689,17690],{"class":58},"fields ",[52,17692,63],{"class":62},[52,17694,67],{"class":66},[52,17696,757],{"class":756},[52,17698,8070],{"class":760},[52,17700,757],{"class":756},[52,17702,74],{"class":66},[52,17704,768],{"class":756},[52,17706,15350],{"class":760},[52,17708,757],{"class":756},[52,17710,74],{"class":66},[52,17712,768],{"class":756},[52,17714,17715],{"class":760},"password",[52,17717,757],{"class":756},[52,17719,90],{"class":66},[52,17721,17722,17725,17727,17729,17731,17733,17735,17738],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,17723,17724],{"class":58},"user_data ",[52,17726,63],{"class":62},[52,17728,9256],{"class":1184},[52,17730,242],{"class":66},[52,17732,17376],{"class":108},[52,17734,105],{"class":66},[52,17736,17737],{"class":108},"fields",[52,17739,112],{"class":66},[52,17741,17742],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17743,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,17745,17746,17748,17750,17753],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,17747,118],{"class":101},[52,17749,105],{"class":66},[52,17751,17752],{"class":108},"user_data",[52,17754,112],{"class":66},[20,17756,311],{},[43,17758,17760],{"className":45,"code":17759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17761,17762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17763,17764,17766,17768,17770,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17765,9363],{"class":66},[52,17767,3406],{"class":756},[52,17769,8070],{"class":760},[52,17771,3406],{"class":756},[52,17773,1772],{"class":66},[52,17775,3951],{"class":674},[52,17777,74],{"class":66},[52,17779,3401],{"class":756},[52,17781,15350],{"class":760},[52,17783,3406],{"class":756},[52,17785,1772],{"class":66},[52,17787,3951],{"class":674},[52,17789,74],{"class":66},[52,17791,3401],{"class":756},[52,17793,17715],{"class":760},[52,17795,3406],{"class":756},[52,17797,1772],{"class":66},[52,17799,3951],{"class":674},[52,17801,9394],{"class":66},[20,17803,17804],{},"This is useful when:",[153,17806,17807,17810,17813],{},[156,17808,17809],{},"You want to create the keys first",[156,17811,17812],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[156,17814,17815],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17817,2324],{},[43,17819,17821],{"className":45,"code":17820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17822,17823,17855,17873,17877,17900,17923,17927],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17824,17825,17827,17829,17831,17833,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17826,17690],{"class":58},[52,17828,63],{"class":62},[52,17830,67],{"class":66},[52,17832,757],{"class":756},[52,17834,8070],{"class":760},[52,17836,757],{"class":756},[52,17838,74],{"class":66},[52,17840,768],{"class":756},[52,17842,15350],{"class":760},[52,17844,757],{"class":756},[52,17846,74],{"class":66},[52,17848,768],{"class":756},[52,17850,17715],{"class":760},[52,17852,757],{"class":756},[52,17854,90],{"class":66},[52,17856,17857,17859,17861,17863,17865,17867,17869,17871],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,17858,17724],{"class":58},[52,17860,63],{"class":62},[52,17862,9256],{"class":1184},[52,17864,242],{"class":66},[52,17866,17376],{"class":108},[52,17868,105],{"class":66},[52,17870,17737],{"class":108},[52,17872,112],{"class":66},[52,17874,17875],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,17876,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,17878,17879,17881,17883,17885,17887,17889,17891,17893,17895,17898],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,17880,17752],{"class":58},[52,17882,3994],{"class":66},[52,17884,757],{"class":756},[52,17886,8070],{"class":760},[52,17888,757],{"class":756},[52,17890,13363],{"class":66},[52,17892,13366],{"class":62},[52,17894,768],{"class":756},[52,17896,17897],{"class":760},"alice",[52,17899,3465],{"class":756},[52,17901,17902,17904,17906,17908,17910,17912,17914,17916,17918,17921],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,17903,17752],{"class":58},[52,17905,3994],{"class":66},[52,17907,757],{"class":756},[52,17909,15350],{"class":760},[52,17911,757],{"class":756},[52,17913,13363],{"class":66},[52,17915,13366],{"class":62},[52,17917,768],{"class":756},[52,17919,17920],{"class":760},"alice@example.com",[52,17922,3465],{"class":756},[52,17924,17925],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,17926,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,17928,17929,17931,17933,17935],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,17930,118],{"class":101},[52,17932,105],{"class":66},[52,17934,17752],{"class":108},[52,17936,112],{"class":66},[20,17938,311],{},[43,17940,17942],{"className":45,"code":17941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17943,17944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,17945,17946,17948,17950,17952,17954,17956,17958,17960,17962,17964,17966,17968,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17986,17988,17990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,17947,9363],{"class":66},[52,17949,3406],{"class":756},[52,17951,8070],{"class":760},[52,17953,3406],{"class":756},[52,17955,1772],{"class":66},[52,17957,3401],{"class":756},[52,17959,17897],{"class":760},[52,17961,3406],{"class":756},[52,17963,74],{"class":66},[52,17965,3401],{"class":756},[52,17967,15350],{"class":760},[52,17969,3406],{"class":756},[52,17971,1772],{"class":66},[52,17973,3401],{"class":756},[52,17975,17920],{"class":760},[52,17977,3406],{"class":756},[52,17979,74],{"class":66},[52,17981,3401],{"class":756},[52,17983,17715],{"class":760},[52,17985,3406],{"class":756},[52,17987,1772],{"class":66},[52,17989,3951],{"class":674},[52,17991,9394],{"class":66},[20,17993,17994,17995,242],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[236,17996,17998],{"href":17997},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[38,18000,18002],{"id":18001},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,18004,18005],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[153,18007,18008,18013,18018],{},[156,18009,18010,18012],{},[15,18011,3887],{}," (list)",[156,18014,18015,18017],{},[15,18016,3892],{}," (dictionary)",[156,18019,18020,18022],{},[15,18021,3897],{}," (set)",[20,18024,18025,18026,242],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3842,18027,18028],{},"same object",[461,18030,18032],{"id":18031},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[43,18034,18036],{"className":45,"code":18035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18037,18038,18070,18091,18095,18117,18121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18039,18040,18042,18044,18046,18048,18050,18052,18054,18056,18058,18060,18062,18064,18066,18068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18041,17335],{"class":58},[52,18043,63],{"class":62},[52,18045,67],{"class":66},[52,18047,757],{"class":756},[52,18049,236],{"class":760},[52,18051,757],{"class":756},[52,18053,74],{"class":66},[52,18055,768],{"class":756},[52,18057,4853],{"class":760},[52,18059,757],{"class":756},[52,18061,74],{"class":66},[52,18063,768],{"class":756},[52,18065,9825],{"class":760},[52,18067,757],{"class":756},[52,18069,90],{"class":66},[52,18071,18072,18074,18076,18078,18080,18082,18084,18086,18088],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18073,9251],{"class":58},[52,18075,63],{"class":62},[52,18077,9256],{"class":1184},[52,18079,242],{"class":66},[52,18081,17376],{"class":108},[52,18083,105],{"class":66},[52,18085,17016],{"class":108},[52,18087,74],{"class":66},[52,18089,18090],{"class":66}," [])\n",[52,18092,18093],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18094,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,18096,18097,18099,18101,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,18098,9289],{"class":58},[52,18100,3994],{"class":66},[52,18102,757],{"class":756},[52,18104,236],{"class":760},[52,18106,757],{"class":756},[52,18108,13640],{"class":66},[52,18110,13643],{"class":108},[52,18112,105],{"class":66},[52,18114,71],{"class":70},[52,18116,112],{"class":66},[52,18118,18119],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,18120,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,18122,18123,18125,18127,18129],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,18124,118],{"class":101},[52,18126,105],{"class":66},[52,18128,9289],{"class":108},[52,18130,112],{"class":66},[20,18132,311],{},[43,18134,18136],{"className":45,"code":18135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,18137,18138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18139,18140,18142,18144,18146,18148,18150,18152,18154,18156,18158,18160,18162,18164,18166,18168,18170,18172,18174,18176,18178,18180,18182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18141,9363],{"class":66},[52,18143,3406],{"class":756},[52,18145,236],{"class":760},[52,18147,3406],{"class":756},[52,18149,1772],{"class":66},[52,18151,67],{"class":66},[52,18153,71],{"class":70},[52,18155,894],{"class":66},[52,18157,3401],{"class":756},[52,18159,4853],{"class":760},[52,18161,3406],{"class":756},[52,18163,1772],{"class":66},[52,18165,67],{"class":66},[52,18167,71],{"class":70},[52,18169,894],{"class":66},[52,18171,3401],{"class":756},[52,18173,9825],{"class":760},[52,18175,3406],{"class":756},[52,18177,1772],{"class":66},[52,18179,67],{"class":66},[52,18181,71],{"class":70},[52,18183,13796],{"class":66},[20,18185,18186,18187,18190],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,18188,18189],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[461,18192,18194],{"id":18193},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,18196,18197,18200],{},[15,18198,18199],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,18202,18203],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,18205,18206],{},"So this:",[43,18208,18210],{"className":45,"code":18209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,18211,18212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18213,18214,18216,18218,18220,18222,18224,18226,18228,18230,18232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18215,9289],{"class":58},[52,18217,3994],{"class":66},[52,18219,757],{"class":756},[52,18221,236],{"class":760},[52,18223,757],{"class":756},[52,18225,13640],{"class":66},[52,18227,13643],{"class":108},[52,18229,105],{"class":66},[52,18231,71],{"class":70},[52,18233,112],{"class":66},[20,18235,18236,18237,242],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,18238,18189],{},[461,18240,18242],{"id":18241},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,18244,18245],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[43,18247,18249],{"className":45,"code":18248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,18250,18251,18283,18310,18314,18336,18340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18252,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269,18271,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18254,17335],{"class":58},[52,18256,63],{"class":62},[52,18258,67],{"class":66},[52,18260,757],{"class":756},[52,18262,236],{"class":760},[52,18264,757],{"class":756},[52,18266,74],{"class":66},[52,18268,768],{"class":756},[52,18270,4853],{"class":760},[52,18272,757],{"class":756},[52,18274,74],{"class":66},[52,18276,768],{"class":756},[52,18278,9825],{"class":760},[52,18280,757],{"class":756},[52,18282,90],{"class":66},[52,18284,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293,18295,18298,18300,18303,18305,18308],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18286,9251],{"class":58},[52,18288,63],{"class":62},[52,18290,10577],{"class":66},[52,18292,14932],{"class":58},[52,18294,1772],{"class":66},[52,18296,18297],{"class":66}," []",[52,18299,1196],{"class":1195},[52,18301,18302],{"class":58}," key ",[52,18304,1202],{"class":1195},[52,18306,18307],{"class":58}," keys",[52,18309,9394],{"class":66},[52,18311,18312],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18313,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,18315,18316,18318,18320,18322,18324,18326,18328,18330,18332,18334],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,18317,9289],{"class":58},[52,18319,3994],{"class":66},[52,18321,757],{"class":756},[52,18323,236],{"class":760},[52,18325,757],{"class":756},[52,18327,13640],{"class":66},[52,18329,13643],{"class":108},[52,18331,105],{"class":66},[52,18333,71],{"class":70},[52,18335,112],{"class":66},[52,18337,18338],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,18339,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,18341,18342,18344,18346,18348],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,18343,118],{"class":101},[52,18345,105],{"class":66},[52,18347,9289],{"class":108},[52,18349,112],{"class":66},[20,18351,311],{},[43,18353,18355],{"className":45,"code":18354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,18356,18357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18358,18359,18361,18363,18365,18367,18369,18371,18373,18375,18377,18379,18381,18383,18386,18388,18390,18392,18394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18360,9363],{"class":66},[52,18362,3406],{"class":756},[52,18364,236],{"class":760},[52,18366,3406],{"class":756},[52,18368,1772],{"class":66},[52,18370,67],{"class":66},[52,18372,71],{"class":70},[52,18374,894],{"class":66},[52,18376,3401],{"class":756},[52,18378,4853],{"class":760},[52,18380,3406],{"class":756},[52,18382,1772],{"class":66},[52,18384,18385],{"class":66}," [],",[52,18387,3401],{"class":756},[52,18389,9825],{"class":760},[52,18391,3406],{"class":756},[52,18393,1772],{"class":66},[52,18395,18396],{"class":66}," []}\n",[20,18398,18399],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,18401,18402],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[38,18404,5054,18406],{"id":18405},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,18407,17311],{},[20,18409,18410,18412],{},[15,18411,17316],{}," is a good choice when:",[153,18414,18415,18418,18421],{},[156,18416,18417],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[156,18419,18420],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[156,18422,18423],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,18425,2244],{},[43,18427,18429],{"className":45,"code":18428,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,18430,18431,18476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18432,18433,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446,18448,18451,18453,18455,18457,18459,18461,18463,18465,18468,18470,18472,18474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18434,18435],{"class":58},"flags ",[52,18437,63],{"class":62},[52,18439,9256],{"class":1184},[52,18441,242],{"class":66},[52,18443,17376],{"class":108},[52,18445,1058],{"class":66},[52,18447,757],{"class":756},[52,18449,18450],{"class":760},"is_admin",[52,18452,757],{"class":756},[52,18454,74],{"class":66},[52,18456,768],{"class":756},[52,18458,15170],{"class":760},[52,18460,757],{"class":756},[52,18462,74],{"class":66},[52,18464,768],{"class":756},[52,18466,18467],{"class":760},"is_verified",[52,18469,757],{"class":756},[52,18471,894],{"class":66},[52,18473,679],{"class":674},[52,18475,112],{"class":66},[52,18477,18478,18480,18482,18485],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18479,118],{"class":101},[52,18481,105],{"class":66},[52,18483,18484],{"class":108},"flags",[52,18486,112],{"class":66},[43,18488,18490],{"className":45,"code":18489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18491,18492,18537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18493,18494,18496,18498,18500,18502,18504,18506,18508,18511,18513,18515,18517,18520,18522,18524,18526,18529,18531,18533,18535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18495,5157],{"class":58},[52,18497,63],{"class":62},[52,18499,9256],{"class":1184},[52,18501,242],{"class":66},[52,18503,17376],{"class":108},[52,18505,1058],{"class":66},[52,18507,757],{"class":756},[52,18509,18510],{"class":760},"math",[52,18512,757],{"class":756},[52,18514,74],{"class":66},[52,18516,768],{"class":756},[52,18518,18519],{"class":760},"science",[52,18521,757],{"class":756},[52,18523,74],{"class":66},[52,18525,768],{"class":756},[52,18527,18528],{"class":760},"history",[52,18530,757],{"class":756},[52,18532,894],{"class":66},[52,18534,3933],{"class":70},[52,18536,112],{"class":66},[52,18538,18539,18541,18543,18545],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18540,118],{"class":101},[52,18542,105],{"class":66},[52,18544,16481],{"class":108},[52,18546,112],{"class":66},[20,18548,18549,18550,18552],{},"It is ",[3842,18551,4722],{}," the best choice when:",[153,18554,18555,18558],{},[156,18556,18557],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[156,18559,18560],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[38,18562,18564,18566],{"id":18563},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18565,17311],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18568,18569,18571],{},[15,18570,17311],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[461,18573,1372,18575],{"id":18574},"using-fromkeys",[15,18576,17311],{},[43,18578,18580],{"className":45,"code":18579,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18581,18582,18627],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18583,18584,18586,18588,18590,18592,18594,18596,18598,18601,18603,18605,18607,18610,18612,18614,18616,18619,18621,18623,18625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18585,13916],{"class":58},[52,18587,63],{"class":62},[52,18589,9256],{"class":1184},[52,18591,242],{"class":66},[52,18593,17376],{"class":108},[52,18595,1058],{"class":66},[52,18597,757],{"class":756},[52,18599,18600],{"class":760},"sound",[52,18602,757],{"class":756},[52,18604,74],{"class":66},[52,18606,768],{"class":756},[52,18608,18609],{"class":760},"music",[52,18611,757],{"class":756},[52,18613,74],{"class":66},[52,18615,768],{"class":756},[52,18617,18618],{"class":760},"notifications",[52,18620,757],{"class":756},[52,18622,894],{"class":66},[52,18624,684],{"class":674},[52,18626,112],{"class":66},[52,18628,18629,18631,18633,18635],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18630,118],{"class":101},[52,18632,105],{"class":66},[52,18634,13975],{"class":108},[52,18636,112],{"class":66},[461,18638,18640],{"id":18639},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[43,18642,18644],{"className":45,"code":18643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18645,18646,18654,18668,18682,18694,18698],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18647,18648,18650,18652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18649,13916],{"class":58},[52,18651,63],{"class":62},[52,18653,11581],{"class":66},[52,18655,18656,18658,18660,18662,18664,18666],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18657,11586],{"class":756},[52,18659,18600],{"class":760},[52,18661,757],{"class":756},[52,18663,1772],{"class":66},[52,18665,684],{"class":674},[52,18667,11602],{"class":66},[52,18669,18670,18672,18674,18676,18678,18680],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18671,11586],{"class":756},[52,18673,18609],{"class":760},[52,18675,757],{"class":756},[52,18677,1772],{"class":66},[52,18679,679],{"class":674},[52,18681,11602],{"class":66},[52,18683,18684,18686,18688,18690,18692],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,18685,11586],{"class":756},[52,18687,18618],{"class":760},[52,18689,757],{"class":756},[52,18691,1772],{"class":66},[52,18693,6506],{"class":674},[52,18695,18696],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,18697,9394],{"class":66},[52,18699,18700,18702,18704,18706],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,18701,118],{"class":101},[52,18703,105],{"class":66},[52,18705,13975],{"class":108},[52,18707,112],{"class":66},[20,18709,18710],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[461,18712,18714],{"id":18713},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[43,18716,18718],{"className":45,"code":18717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18719,18720,18752,18776],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18721,18722,18724,18726,18728,18730,18732,18734,18736,18738,18740,18742,18744,18746,18748,18750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18723,17335],{"class":58},[52,18725,63],{"class":62},[52,18727,67],{"class":66},[52,18729,757],{"class":756},[52,18731,236],{"class":760},[52,18733,757],{"class":756},[52,18735,74],{"class":66},[52,18737,768],{"class":756},[52,18739,4853],{"class":760},[52,18741,757],{"class":756},[52,18743,74],{"class":66},[52,18745,768],{"class":756},[52,18747,9825],{"class":760},[52,18749,757],{"class":756},[52,18751,90],{"class":66},[52,18753,18754,18756,18758,18760,18762,18764,18766,18768,18770,18772,18774],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18755,9251],{"class":58},[52,18757,63],{"class":62},[52,18759,10577],{"class":66},[52,18761,14932],{"class":58},[52,18763,1772],{"class":66},[52,18765,18297],{"class":66},[52,18767,1196],{"class":1195},[52,18769,18302],{"class":58},[52,18771,1202],{"class":1195},[52,18773,18307],{"class":58},[52,18775,9394],{"class":66},[52,18777,18778,18780,18782,18784],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18779,118],{"class":101},[52,18781,105],{"class":66},[52,18783,9289],{"class":108},[52,18785,112],{"class":66},[20,18787,18788],{},"Use:",[153,18790,18791,18796,18799],{},[156,18792,18793,18795],{},[15,18794,17311],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[156,18797,18798],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[156,18800,18801],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18803,18804,18805,242],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[236,18806,10824,18807,10828],{"href":14123},[15,18808,15045],{},[38,18810,1766],{"id":1765},[20,18812,14824,18813,242],{},[15,18814,17316],{},[461,18816,18818],{"id":18817},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[43,18820,18822],{"className":45,"code":18821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18823,18824,18857,18880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18825,18826,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841,18843,18845,18847,18849,18851,18853,18855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18827,18828],{"class":58},"d ",[52,18830,63],{"class":62},[52,18832,9256],{"class":1184},[52,18834,242],{"class":66},[52,18836,17376],{"class":108},[52,18838,1058],{"class":66},[52,18840,757],{"class":756},[52,18842,236],{"class":760},[52,18844,757],{"class":756},[52,18846,74],{"class":66},[52,18848,768],{"class":756},[52,18850,4853],{"class":760},[52,18852,757],{"class":756},[52,18854,894],{"class":66},[52,18856,18090],{"class":66},[52,18858,18859,18862,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18860,18861],{"class":58},"d",[52,18863,3994],{"class":66},[52,18865,757],{"class":756},[52,18867,236],{"class":760},[52,18869,757],{"class":756},[52,18871,13640],{"class":66},[52,18873,13643],{"class":108},[52,18875,105],{"class":66},[52,18877,71],{"class":70},[52,18879,112],{"class":66},[52,18881,18882,18884,18886,18888],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18883,118],{"class":101},[52,18885,105],{"class":66},[52,18887,18861],{"class":108},[52,18889,112],{"class":66},[20,18891,311],{},[43,18893,18895],{"className":45,"code":18894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18896,18897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18898,18899,18901,18903,18905,18907,18909,18911,18913,18915,18917,18919,18921,18923,18925,18927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18900,9363],{"class":66},[52,18902,3406],{"class":756},[52,18904,236],{"class":760},[52,18906,3406],{"class":756},[52,18908,1772],{"class":66},[52,18910,67],{"class":66},[52,18912,71],{"class":70},[52,18914,894],{"class":66},[52,18916,3401],{"class":756},[52,18918,4853],{"class":760},[52,18920,3406],{"class":756},[52,18922,1772],{"class":66},[52,18924,67],{"class":66},[52,18926,71],{"class":70},[52,18928,13796],{"class":66},[20,18930,18931],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18933,18934],{},"Use this instead:",[43,18936,18938],{"className":45,"code":18937,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18939,18940,18964,18988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,18941,18942,18944,18946,18948,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,18943,17335],{"class":58},[52,18945,63],{"class":62},[52,18947,67],{"class":66},[52,18949,757],{"class":756},[52,18951,236],{"class":760},[52,18953,757],{"class":756},[52,18955,74],{"class":66},[52,18957,768],{"class":756},[52,18959,4853],{"class":760},[52,18961,757],{"class":756},[52,18963,90],{"class":66},[52,18965,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976,18978,18980,18982,18984,18986],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,18967,18828],{"class":58},[52,18969,63],{"class":62},[52,18971,10577],{"class":66},[52,18973,14932],{"class":58},[52,18975,1772],{"class":66},[52,18977,18297],{"class":66},[52,18979,1196],{"class":1195},[52,18981,18302],{"class":58},[52,18983,1202],{"class":1195},[52,18985,18307],{"class":58},[52,18987,9394],{"class":66},[52,18989,18990,18992,18994,18996],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,18991,118],{"class":101},[52,18993,105],{"class":66},[52,18995,18861],{"class":108},[52,18997,112],{"class":66},[461,18999,19001,19002,19004],{"id":19000},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,19003,17311],{}," on a list",[20,19006,19007],{},"Wrong idea:",[43,19009,19011],{"className":45,"code":19010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,19012,19013,19045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19014,19015,19017,19019,19021,19023,19025,19027,19029,19031,19033,19035,19037,19039,19041,19043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19016,17335],{"class":58},[52,19018,63],{"class":62},[52,19020,67],{"class":66},[52,19022,757],{"class":756},[52,19024,236],{"class":760},[52,19026,757],{"class":756},[52,19028,74],{"class":66},[52,19030,768],{"class":756},[52,19032,4853],{"class":760},[52,19034,757],{"class":756},[52,19036,74],{"class":66},[52,19038,768],{"class":756},[52,19040,9825],{"class":760},[52,19042,757],{"class":756},[52,19044,90],{"class":66},[52,19046,19047],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19048,19049],{"class":129},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,19051,19052,19054,19055,19057,19058,242],{},[15,19053,17311],{}," belongs to ",[15,19056,8908],{},", not ",[15,19059,8179],{},[20,19061,19062],{},"Correct usage:",[43,19064,19066],{"className":45,"code":19065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,19067,19068,19100,19122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19069,19070,19072,19074,19076,19078,19080,19082,19084,19086,19088,19090,19092,19094,19096,19098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19071,17335],{"class":58},[52,19073,63],{"class":62},[52,19075,67],{"class":66},[52,19077,757],{"class":756},[52,19079,236],{"class":760},[52,19081,757],{"class":756},[52,19083,74],{"class":66},[52,19085,768],{"class":756},[52,19087,4853],{"class":760},[52,19089,757],{"class":756},[52,19091,74],{"class":66},[52,19093,768],{"class":756},[52,19095,9825],{"class":760},[52,19097,757],{"class":756},[52,19099,90],{"class":66},[52,19101,19102,19104,19106,19108,19110,19112,19114,19116,19118,19120],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19103,18828],{"class":58},[52,19105,63],{"class":62},[52,19107,9256],{"class":1184},[52,19109,242],{"class":66},[52,19111,17376],{"class":108},[52,19113,105],{"class":66},[52,19115,17016],{"class":108},[52,19117,74],{"class":66},[52,19119,3933],{"class":70},[52,19121,112],{"class":66},[52,19123,19124,19126,19128,19130],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19125,118],{"class":101},[52,19127,105],{"class":66},[52,19129,18861],{"class":108},[52,19131,112],{"class":66},[461,19133,8538,19135,19137],{"id":19134},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19136,17311],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,19139,19140,19142],{},[15,19141,17316],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[43,19144,19146],{"className":45,"code":19145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,19147,19148,19168,19202,19206,19216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19149,19150,19152,19154,19156,19158,19160,19162,19164,19166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19151,12173],{"class":58},[52,19153,63],{"class":62},[52,19155,10577],{"class":66},[52,19157,757],{"class":756},[52,19159,1190],{"class":760},[52,19161,757],{"class":756},[52,19163,1772],{"class":66},[52,19165,5586],{"class":70},[52,19167,9394],{"class":66},[52,19169,19170,19172,19174,19176,19178,19180,19182,19184,19186,19188,19190,19192,19194,19196,19198,19200],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19171,13127],{"class":58},[52,19173,63],{"class":62},[52,19175,9256],{"class":1184},[52,19177,242],{"class":66},[52,19179,17376],{"class":108},[52,19181,1058],{"class":66},[52,19183,757],{"class":756},[52,19185,236],{"class":760},[52,19187,757],{"class":756},[52,19189,74],{"class":66},[52,19191,768],{"class":756},[52,19193,4853],{"class":760},[52,19195,757],{"class":756},[52,19197,894],{"class":66},[52,19199,3933],{"class":70},[52,19201,112],{"class":66},[52,19203,19204],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19205,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,19207,19208,19210,19212,19214],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,19209,118],{"class":101},[52,19211,105],{"class":66},[52,19213,12220],{"class":108},[52,19215,112],{"class":66},[52,19217,19218,19220,19222,19225],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,19219,118],{"class":101},[52,19221,105],{"class":66},[52,19223,19224],{"class":108},"new_dict",[52,19226,112],{"class":66},[20,19228,311],{},[43,19230,19232],{"className":45,"code":19231,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,19233,19234,19250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19235,19236,19238,19240,19242,19244,19246,19248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19237,9363],{"class":66},[52,19239,3406],{"class":756},[52,19241,1190],{"class":760},[52,19243,3406],{"class":756},[52,19245,1772],{"class":66},[52,19247,5586],{"class":70},[52,19249,9394],{"class":66},[52,19251,19252,19254,19256,19258,19260,19262,19264,19266,19268,19270,19272,19274,19276],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19253,9363],{"class":66},[52,19255,3406],{"class":756},[52,19257,236],{"class":760},[52,19259,3406],{"class":756},[52,19261,1772],{"class":66},[52,19263,3933],{"class":70},[52,19265,74],{"class":66},[52,19267,3401],{"class":756},[52,19269,4853],{"class":760},[52,19271,3406],{"class":756},[52,19273,1772],{"class":66},[52,19275,3933],{"class":70},[52,19277,9394],{"class":66},[20,19279,19280,19281,242],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[236,19282,10824,19283,10828],{"href":14123},[15,19284,15045],{},[461,19286,19288,19289],{"id":19287},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,19290,3878],{},[43,19292,19294],{"className":45,"code":19293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,19295,19296,19326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19297,19298,19300,19302,19304,19306,19308,19310,19312,19314,19316,19318,19320,19322,19324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19299,18828],{"class":58},[52,19301,63],{"class":62},[52,19303,9256],{"class":1184},[52,19305,242],{"class":66},[52,19307,17376],{"class":108},[52,19309,1058],{"class":66},[52,19311,757],{"class":756},[52,19313,1190],{"class":760},[52,19315,757],{"class":756},[52,19317,74],{"class":66},[52,19319,768],{"class":756},[52,19321,1405],{"class":760},[52,19323,757],{"class":756},[52,19325,1858],{"class":66},[52,19327,19328,19330,19332,19334],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19329,118],{"class":101},[52,19331,105],{"class":66},[52,19333,18861],{"class":108},[52,19335,112],{"class":66},[20,19337,311],{},[43,19339,19341],{"className":45,"code":19340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,19342,19343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19344,19345,19347,19349,19351,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19363,19365,19367,19369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19346,9363],{"class":66},[52,19348,3406],{"class":756},[52,19350,1190],{"class":760},[52,19352,3406],{"class":756},[52,19354,1772],{"class":66},[52,19356,3951],{"class":674},[52,19358,74],{"class":66},[52,19360,3401],{"class":756},[52,19362,1405],{"class":760},[52,19364,3406],{"class":756},[52,19366,1772],{"class":66},[52,19368,3951],{"class":674},[52,19370,9394],{"class":66},[20,19372,19373,19374,242],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,19375,3878],{},[38,19377,19379],{"id":19378},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,19381,19382,19383,19385],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,19384,17311],{}," works.",[43,19387,19389],{"className":45,"code":19388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,19390,19391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19392,19393,19395,19397,19399,19401,19403,19405,19407,19409,19411,19413,19415,19417,19419,19421,19423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19394,118],{"class":101},[52,19396,105],{"class":66},[52,19398,8908],{"class":1184},[52,19400,242],{"class":66},[52,19402,17376],{"class":108},[52,19404,1058],{"class":66},[52,19406,757],{"class":756},[52,19408,236],{"class":760},[52,19410,757],{"class":756},[52,19412,74],{"class":66},[52,19414,768],{"class":756},[52,19416,4853],{"class":760},[52,19418,757],{"class":756},[52,19420,894],{"class":66},[52,19422,3933],{"class":70},[52,19424,510],{"class":66},[43,19426,19427],{"className":45,"code":19293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,19428,19429,19459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19430,19431,19433,19435,19437,19439,19441,19443,19445,19447,19449,19451,19453,19455,19457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19432,18828],{"class":58},[52,19434,63],{"class":62},[52,19436,9256],{"class":1184},[52,19438,242],{"class":66},[52,19440,17376],{"class":108},[52,19442,1058],{"class":66},[52,19444,757],{"class":756},[52,19446,1190],{"class":760},[52,19448,757],{"class":756},[52,19450,74],{"class":66},[52,19452,768],{"class":756},[52,19454,1405],{"class":760},[52,19456,757],{"class":756},[52,19458,1858],{"class":66},[52,19460,19461,19463,19465,19467],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19462,118],{"class":101},[52,19464,105],{"class":66},[52,19466,18861],{"class":108},[52,19468,112],{"class":66},[43,19470,19471],{"className":45,"code":18821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,19472,19473,19505,19527],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19474,19475,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19495,19497,19499,19501,19503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19476,18828],{"class":58},[52,19478,63],{"class":62},[52,19480,9256],{"class":1184},[52,19482,242],{"class":66},[52,19484,17376],{"class":108},[52,19486,1058],{"class":66},[52,19488,757],{"class":756},[52,19490,236],{"class":760},[52,19492,757],{"class":756},[52,19494,74],{"class":66},[52,19496,768],{"class":756},[52,19498,4853],{"class":760},[52,19500,757],{"class":756},[52,19502,894],{"class":66},[52,19504,18090],{"class":66},[52,19506,19507,19509,19511,19513,19515,19517,19519,19521,19523,19525],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19508,18861],{"class":58},[52,19510,3994],{"class":66},[52,19512,757],{"class":756},[52,19514,236],{"class":760},[52,19516,757],{"class":756},[52,19518,13640],{"class":66},[52,19520,13643],{"class":108},[52,19522,105],{"class":66},[52,19524,71],{"class":70},[52,19526,112],{"class":66},[52,19528,19529,19531,19533,19535],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19530,118],{"class":101},[52,19532,105],{"class":66},[52,19534,18861],{"class":108},[52,19536,112],{"class":66},[43,19538,19540],{"className":45,"code":19539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19541,19542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19543,19544,19546,19548,19550,19552,19554,19556,19558,19560,19562,19564,19566,19568,19570,19572,19574,19576,19578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19545,118],{"class":101},[52,19547,105],{"class":66},[52,19549,1827],{"class":1184},[52,19551,105],{"class":66},[52,19553,8908],{"class":1184},[52,19555,242],{"class":66},[52,19557,17376],{"class":108},[52,19559,1058],{"class":66},[52,19561,71],{"class":70},[52,19563,74],{"class":66},[52,19565,77],{"class":70},[52,19567,74],{"class":66},[52,19569,82],{"class":70},[52,19571,894],{"class":66},[52,19573,768],{"class":756},[52,19575,2588],{"class":760},[52,19577,757],{"class":756},[52,19579,622],{"class":66},[38,19581,1919],{"id":1918},[461,19583,12792,19585,19587],{"id":19584},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19586,17311],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19589,19590],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[461,19592,19594],{"id":19593},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19596,19597,19598,242],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19599,3878],{},[461,19601,19603],{"id":19602},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19605,19606],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[461,19608,19610],{"id":19609},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19612,18245],{},[43,19614,19616],{"className":45,"code":19615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19617,19618,19650],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19619,19620,19622,19624,19626,19628,19630,19632,19634,19636,19638,19640,19642,19644,19646,19648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19621,17335],{"class":58},[52,19623,63],{"class":62},[52,19625,67],{"class":66},[52,19627,757],{"class":756},[52,19629,236],{"class":760},[52,19631,757],{"class":756},[52,19633,74],{"class":66},[52,19635,768],{"class":756},[52,19637,4853],{"class":760},[52,19639,757],{"class":756},[52,19641,74],{"class":66},[52,19643,768],{"class":756},[52,19645,9825],{"class":760},[52,19647,757],{"class":756},[52,19649,90],{"class":66},[52,19651,19652,19654,19656,19658,19660,19662,19664,19666,19668,19670,19672],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19653,9251],{"class":58},[52,19655,63],{"class":62},[52,19657,10577],{"class":66},[52,19659,14932],{"class":58},[52,19661,1772],{"class":66},[52,19663,18297],{"class":66},[52,19665,1196],{"class":1195},[52,19667,18302],{"class":58},[52,19669,1202],{"class":1195},[52,19671,18307],{"class":58},[52,19673,9394],{"class":66},[38,19675,1986],{"id":1985},[153,19677,19678,19682,19686,19690,19696],{},[156,19679,19680],{},[236,19681,11331],{"href":13115},[156,19683,19684],{},[236,19685,9241],{"href":13112},[156,19687,19688],{},[236,19689,11340],{"href":17997},[156,19691,19692],{},[236,19693,10824,19694,10828],{"href":14123},[15,19695,15045],{},[156,19697,19698],{},[236,19699,10824,19700,10828],{"href":15090},[15,19701,12865],{},[20,19703,133,19704,19706],{},[15,19705,17316],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[2029,19708,19709],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":19711},[19712,19713,19715,19719,19720,19722,19727,19729,19736,19745,19746,19753],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":17416,"depth":93,"text":19714},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":17460,"depth":93,"text":17461,"children":19716},[19717,19718],{"id":17487,"depth":115,"text":17488},{"id":17511,"depth":115,"text":17512},{"id":5874,"depth":93,"text":5875},{"id":17672,"depth":93,"text":19721},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":18001,"depth":93,"text":18002,"children":19723},[19724,19725,19726],{"id":18031,"depth":115,"text":18032},{"id":18193,"depth":115,"text":18194},{"id":18241,"depth":115,"text":18242},{"id":18405,"depth":93,"text":19728},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18563,"depth":93,"text":19730,"children":19731},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19732,19734,19735],{"id":18574,"depth":115,"text":19733},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18639,"depth":115,"text":18640},{"id":18713,"depth":115,"text":18714},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":19737},[19738,19739,19741,19743],{"id":18817,"depth":115,"text":18818},{"id":19000,"depth":115,"text":19740},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":19134,"depth":115,"text":19742},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":19287,"depth":115,"text":19744},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":19378,"depth":93,"text":19379},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":19747},[19748,19750,19751,19752],{"id":19584,"depth":115,"text":19749},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19593,"depth":115,"text":19594},{"id":19602,"depth":115,"text":19603},{"id":19609,"depth":115,"text":19610},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":17303,"description":19754},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19761,"title":19762,"body":19763,"description":21593,"extension":2083,"meta":21594,"navigation":296,"path":21595,"seo":21596,"stem":21597,"__hash__":21598},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19764,"toc":21560},[19765,19770,19776,19787,19917,19924,19929,19933,19949,19951,20049,20052,20069,20073,20075,20080,20118,20121,20139,20141,20259,20264,20268,20284,20287,20423,20426,20431,20437,20440,20477,20480,20484,20489,20565,20569,20574,20656,20658,20674,20679,20683,20689,20758,20761,20778,20781,20863,20869,20872,20892,20896,20901,20907,20913,20984,20987,20993,20996,21070,21077,21083,21091,21101,21103,21198,21204,21209,21296,21302,21304,21309,21331,21334,21429,21432,21463,21476,21478,21486,21492,21498,21501,21507,21512,21519,21524,21526,21557],[10,19766,11407,19768,11411],{"id":19767},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19769,10827],{},[20,19771,19772,19773,19775],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19774,10827],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19777,19778,19779,2305,19782,2514,19784,19786],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19780,19781],{},"KeyError",[15,19783,10827],{},[15,19785,3878],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[43,19788,19790],{"className":45,"code":19789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19791,19792,19828,19832,19858,19883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19793,19794,19796,19798,19800,19802,19804,19806,19808,19810,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19795,13294],{"class":58},[52,19797,63],{"class":62},[52,19799,10577],{"class":66},[52,19801,757],{"class":756},[52,19803,7751],{"class":760},[52,19805,757],{"class":756},[52,19807,1772],{"class":66},[52,19809,768],{"class":756},[52,19811,12969],{"class":760},[52,19813,757],{"class":756},[52,19815,74],{"class":66},[52,19817,768],{"class":756},[52,19819,9384],{"class":760},[52,19821,757],{"class":756},[52,19823,1772],{"class":66},[52,19825,9391],{"class":70},[52,19827,9394],{"class":66},[52,19829,19830],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19831,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,19833,19834,19836,19838,19840,19842,19845,19847,19849,19851,19853,19855],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,19835,118],{"class":101},[52,19837,105],{"class":66},[52,19839,17400],{"class":108},[52,19841,242],{"class":66},[52,19843,19844],{"class":108},"get",[52,19846,105],{"class":66},[52,19848,757],{"class":756},[52,19850,7751],{"class":760},[52,19852,757],{"class":756},[52,19854,5450],{"class":66},[52,19856,19857],{"class":129},"           # Ana\n",[52,19859,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878,19880],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,19861,118],{"class":101},[52,19863,105],{"class":66},[52,19865,17400],{"class":108},[52,19867,242],{"class":66},[52,19869,19844],{"class":108},[52,19871,105],{"class":66},[52,19873,757],{"class":756},[52,19875,10495],{"class":760},[52,19877,757],{"class":756},[52,19879,5450],{"class":66},[52,19881,19882],{"class":129},"           # None\n",[52,19884,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19899,19901,19903,19905,19907,19910,19912,19914],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,19886,118],{"class":101},[52,19888,105],{"class":66},[52,19890,17400],{"class":108},[52,19892,242],{"class":66},[52,19894,19844],{"class":108},[52,19896,105],{"class":66},[52,19898,757],{"class":756},[52,19900,10495],{"class":760},[52,19902,757],{"class":756},[52,19904,74],{"class":66},[52,19906,768],{"class":756},[52,19908,19909],{"class":760},"N\u002FA",[52,19911,757],{"class":756},[52,19913,5450],{"class":66},[52,19915,19916],{"class":129},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19918,133,19919,19921,19922,242],{},[15,19920,10827],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19923,19781],{},[38,19925,140,19927,143],{"id":19926},"what-get-does",[15,19928,10827],{},[20,19930,2100,19931,11502],{},[15,19932,10827],{},[153,19934,19935,19938,19943,19946],{},[156,19936,19937],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[156,19939,11513,19940,19942],{},[15,19941,3878],{}," if the key does not exist",[156,19944,19945],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[156,19947,19948],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19950,2324],{},[43,19952,19954],{"className":45,"code":19953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19955,19956,19995,19999,20024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,19957,19958,19960,19962,19964,19966,19968,19970,19972,19974,19977,19979,19981,19983,19986,19988,19990,19993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,19959,12952],{"class":58},[52,19961,63],{"class":62},[52,19963,10577],{"class":66},[52,19965,757],{"class":756},[52,19967,7751],{"class":760},[52,19969,757],{"class":756},[52,19971,1772],{"class":66},[52,19973,768],{"class":756},[52,19975,19976],{"class":760},"Lina",[52,19978,757],{"class":756},[52,19980,74],{"class":66},[52,19982,768],{"class":756},[52,19984,19985],{"class":760},"grade",[52,19987,757],{"class":756},[52,19989,1772],{"class":66},[52,19991,19992],{"class":70}," 90",[52,19994,9394],{"class":66},[52,19996,19997],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,19998,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,20000,20001,20003,20005,20007,20009,20011,20013,20015,20017,20019,20021],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20002,118],{"class":101},[52,20004,105],{"class":66},[52,20006,13716],{"class":108},[52,20008,242],{"class":66},[52,20010,19844],{"class":108},[52,20012,105],{"class":66},[52,20014,757],{"class":756},[52,20016,7751],{"class":760},[52,20018,757],{"class":756},[52,20020,5450],{"class":66},[52,20022,20023],{"class":129},"     # Lina\n",[52,20025,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034,20036,20038,20040,20042,20044,20046],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,20027,118],{"class":101},[52,20029,105],{"class":66},[52,20031,13716],{"class":108},[52,20033,242],{"class":66},[52,20035,19844],{"class":108},[52,20037,105],{"class":66},[52,20039,757],{"class":756},[52,20041,15350],{"class":760},[52,20043,757],{"class":756},[52,20045,5450],{"class":66},[52,20047,20048],{"class":129},"    # None\n",[20,20050,20051],{},"In this example:",[153,20053,20054,20059],{},[156,20055,20056,20058],{},[15,20057,15331],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[156,20060,20061,20064,20065,2514,20067],{},[15,20062,20063],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,20066,10827],{},[15,20068,3878],{},[20,20070,13109,20071,242],{},[236,20072,9241],{"href":9240},[38,20074,181],{"id":180},[20,20076,20077,20078,1772],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,20079,10827],{},[43,20081,20083],{"className":45,"code":20082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,20084,20085,20099],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20086,20087,20089,20091,20093,20095,20097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20088,15696],{"class":58},[52,20090,242],{"class":66},[52,20092,19844],{"class":108},[52,20094,105],{"class":66},[52,20096,14932],{"class":108},[52,20098,112],{"class":66},[52,20100,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20116],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20102,15696],{"class":58},[52,20104,242],{"class":66},[52,20106,19844],{"class":108},[52,20108,105],{"class":66},[52,20110,14932],{"class":108},[52,20112,74],{"class":66},[52,20114,20115],{"class":108}," default_value",[52,20117,112],{"class":66},[20,20119,20120],{},"What each part means:",[153,20122,20123,20128,20134],{},[156,20124,20125,20127],{},[15,20126,14932],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[156,20129,20130,20133],{},[15,20131,20132],{},"default_value"," is optional",[156,20135,20136,20137],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,20138,3878],{},[20,20140,2324],{},[43,20142,20144],{"className":45,"code":20143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,20145,20146,20170,20174,20199,20225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20147,20148,20150,20152,20154,20156,20158,20160,20162,20164,20166,20168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20149,13916],{"class":58},[52,20151,63],{"class":62},[52,20153,10577],{"class":66},[52,20155,757],{"class":756},[52,20157,12582],{"class":760},[52,20159,757],{"class":756},[52,20161,1772],{"class":66},[52,20163,768],{"class":756},[52,20165,12591],{"class":760},[52,20167,757],{"class":756},[52,20169,9394],{"class":66},[52,20171,20172],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20173,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,20175,20176,20178,20180,20182,20184,20186,20188,20190,20192,20194,20196],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20177,118],{"class":101},[52,20179,105],{"class":66},[52,20181,13975],{"class":108},[52,20183,242],{"class":66},[52,20185,19844],{"class":108},[52,20187,105],{"class":66},[52,20189,757],{"class":756},[52,20191,12582],{"class":760},[52,20193,757],{"class":756},[52,20195,5450],{"class":66},[52,20197,20198],{"class":129},"            # dark\n",[52,20200,20201,20203,20205,20207,20209,20211,20213,20215,20218,20220,20222],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,20202,118],{"class":101},[52,20204,105],{"class":66},[52,20206,13975],{"class":108},[52,20208,242],{"class":66},[52,20210,19844],{"class":108},[52,20212,105],{"class":66},[52,20214,757],{"class":756},[52,20216,20217],{"class":760},"language",[52,20219,757],{"class":756},[52,20221,5450],{"class":66},[52,20223,20224],{"class":129},"         # None\n",[52,20226,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235,20237,20239,20241,20243,20245,20247,20249,20252,20254,20256],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,20228,118],{"class":101},[52,20230,105],{"class":66},[52,20232,13975],{"class":108},[52,20234,242],{"class":66},[52,20236,19844],{"class":108},[52,20238,105],{"class":66},[52,20240,757],{"class":756},[52,20242,20217],{"class":760},[52,20244,757],{"class":756},[52,20246,74],{"class":66},[52,20248,768],{"class":756},[52,20250,20251],{"class":760},"en",[52,20253,757],{"class":756},[52,20255,5450],{"class":66},[52,20257,20258],{"class":129},"   # en\n",[38,20260,5054,20262],{"id":20261},"when-to-use-get",[15,20263,10827],{},[20,20265,133,20266,10688],{},[15,20267,10827],{},[153,20269,20270,20273,20278,20281],{},[156,20271,20272],{},"A key might not exist",[156,20274,20275,20276],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,20277,19781],{},[156,20279,20280],{},"You are reading optional data",[156,20282,20283],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,20285,20286],{},"Example with optional user data:",[43,20288,20290],{"className":45,"code":20289,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,20291,20292,20334,20338,20363,20389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20293,20294,20296,20298,20300,20302,20304,20306,20308,20310,20313,20315,20317,20319,20321,20323,20325,20327,20330,20332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20295,11576],{"class":58},[52,20297,63],{"class":62},[52,20299,10577],{"class":66},[52,20301,757],{"class":756},[52,20303,8070],{"class":760},[52,20305,757],{"class":756},[52,20307,1772],{"class":66},[52,20309,768],{"class":756},[52,20311,20312],{"class":760},"sam",[52,20314,757],{"class":756},[52,20316,74],{"class":66},[52,20318,768],{"class":756},[52,20320,15350],{"class":760},[52,20322,757],{"class":756},[52,20324,1772],{"class":66},[52,20326,768],{"class":756},[52,20328,20329],{"class":760},"sam@example.com",[52,20331,757],{"class":756},[52,20333,9394],{"class":66},[52,20335,20336],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20337,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,20339,20340,20342,20344,20346,20348,20350,20352,20354,20356,20358,20360],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20341,118],{"class":101},[52,20343,105],{"class":66},[52,20345,11670],{"class":108},[52,20347,242],{"class":66},[52,20349,19844],{"class":108},[52,20351,105],{"class":66},[52,20353,757],{"class":756},[52,20355,8070],{"class":760},[52,20357,757],{"class":756},[52,20359,5450],{"class":66},[52,20361,20362],{"class":129},"              # sam\n",[52,20364,20365,20367,20369,20371,20373,20375,20377,20379,20382,20384,20386],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,20366,118],{"class":101},[52,20368,105],{"class":66},[52,20370,11670],{"class":108},[52,20372,242],{"class":66},[52,20374,19844],{"class":108},[52,20376,105],{"class":66},[52,20378,757],{"class":756},[52,20380,20381],{"class":760},"phone",[52,20383,757],{"class":756},[52,20385,5450],{"class":66},[52,20387,20388],{"class":129},"                 # None\n",[52,20390,20391,20393,20395,20397,20399,20401,20403,20405,20407,20409,20411,20413,20416,20418,20420],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,20392,118],{"class":101},[52,20394,105],{"class":66},[52,20396,11670],{"class":108},[52,20398,242],{"class":66},[52,20400,19844],{"class":108},[52,20402,105],{"class":66},[52,20404,757],{"class":756},[52,20406,20381],{"class":760},[52,20408,757],{"class":756},[52,20410,74],{"class":66},[52,20412,768],{"class":756},[52,20414,20415],{"class":760},"Not provided",[52,20417,757],{"class":756},[52,20419,5450],{"class":66},[52,20421,20422],{"class":129}," # Not provided\n",[20,20424,20425],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,20427,20428,20429,242],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[236,20430,16690],{"href":16689},[38,20432,20434,20436],{"id":20433},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,20435,10827],{}," vs square brackets",[20,20438,20439],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[43,20441,20443],{"className":45,"code":20442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,20444,20445,20459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20446,20447,20449,20451,20453,20455,20457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20448,9289],{"class":58},[52,20450,3994],{"class":66},[52,20452,757],{"class":756},[52,20454,14932],{"class":760},[52,20456,757],{"class":756},[52,20458,90],{"class":66},[52,20460,20461,20463,20465,20467,20469,20471,20473,20475],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20462,9289],{"class":58},[52,20464,242],{"class":66},[52,20466,19844],{"class":108},[52,20468,105],{"class":66},[52,20470,757],{"class":756},[52,20472,14932],{"class":760},[52,20474,757],{"class":756},[52,20476,112],{"class":66},[20,20478,20479],{},"The difference is important.",[461,20481,20483],{"id":20482},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20485,20486,20487,242],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20488,19781],{},[43,20490,20492],{"className":45,"code":20491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20493,20494,20518,20522,20544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20495,20496,20498,20500,20502,20504,20506,20508,20510,20512,20514,20516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20497,9251],{"class":58},[52,20499,63],{"class":62},[52,20501,10577],{"class":66},[52,20503,757],{"class":756},[52,20505,7751],{"class":760},[52,20507,757],{"class":756},[52,20509,1772],{"class":66},[52,20511,768],{"class":756},[52,20513,12969],{"class":760},[52,20515,757],{"class":756},[52,20517,9394],{"class":66},[52,20519,20520],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20521,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,20523,20524,20526,20528,20530,20532,20534,20536,20538,20541],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20525,118],{"class":101},[52,20527,105],{"class":66},[52,20529,9289],{"class":108},[52,20531,3994],{"class":66},[52,20533,757],{"class":756},[52,20535,7751],{"class":760},[52,20537,757],{"class":756},[52,20539,20540],{"class":66},"])",[52,20542,20543],{"class":129},"   # Ana\n",[52,20545,20546,20548,20550,20552,20554,20556,20558,20560,20562],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,20547,118],{"class":101},[52,20549,105],{"class":66},[52,20551,9289],{"class":108},[52,20553,3994],{"class":66},[52,20555,757],{"class":756},[52,20557,10495],{"class":760},[52,20559,757],{"class":756},[52,20561,20540],{"class":66},[52,20563,20564],{"class":129},"   # KeyError\n",[461,20566,20567],{"id":19844},[15,20568,10827],{},[20,20570,20571,20573],{},[15,20572,10827],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[43,20575,20577],{"className":45,"code":20576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20578,20579,20603,20607,20631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20580,20581,20583,20585,20587,20589,20591,20593,20595,20597,20599,20601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20582,9251],{"class":58},[52,20584,63],{"class":62},[52,20586,10577],{"class":66},[52,20588,757],{"class":756},[52,20590,7751],{"class":760},[52,20592,757],{"class":756},[52,20594,1772],{"class":66},[52,20596,768],{"class":756},[52,20598,12969],{"class":760},[52,20600,757],{"class":756},[52,20602,9394],{"class":66},[52,20604,20605],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20606,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,20608,20609,20611,20613,20615,20617,20619,20621,20623,20625,20627,20629],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20610,118],{"class":101},[52,20612,105],{"class":66},[52,20614,9289],{"class":108},[52,20616,242],{"class":66},[52,20618,19844],{"class":108},[52,20620,105],{"class":66},[52,20622,757],{"class":756},[52,20624,7751],{"class":760},[52,20626,757],{"class":756},[52,20628,5450],{"class":66},[52,20630,20543],{"class":129},[52,20632,20633,20635,20637,20639,20641,20643,20645,20647,20649,20651,20653],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,20634,118],{"class":101},[52,20636,105],{"class":66},[52,20638,9289],{"class":108},[52,20640,242],{"class":66},[52,20642,19844],{"class":108},[52,20644,105],{"class":66},[52,20646,757],{"class":756},[52,20648,10495],{"class":760},[52,20650,757],{"class":756},[52,20652,5450],{"class":66},[52,20654,20655],{"class":129},"   # None\n",[20,20657,18788],{},[153,20659,20660,20666],{},[156,20661,20662,20663],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3842,20664,20665],{},"must exist",[156,20667,20668,20670,20671],{},[15,20669,10827],{}," when the key is ",[3842,20672,20673],{},"optional",[20,20675,20676,20677,242],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[236,20678,11351],{"href":11162},[38,20680,20682],{"id":20681},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20684,20685,20686,20688],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20687,10827],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[43,20690,20692],{"className":45,"code":20691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20693,20694,20719,20723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20695,20696,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713,20715,20717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20697,20698],{"class":58},"profile ",[52,20700,63],{"class":62},[52,20702,10577],{"class":66},[52,20704,757],{"class":756},[52,20706,7751],{"class":760},[52,20708,757],{"class":756},[52,20710,1772],{"class":66},[52,20712,768],{"class":756},[52,20714,8006],{"class":760},[52,20716,757],{"class":756},[52,20718,9394],{"class":66},[52,20720,20721],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20722,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,20724,20725,20727,20729,20732,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20751,20753,20755],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20726,118],{"class":101},[52,20728,105],{"class":66},[52,20730,20731],{"class":108},"profile",[52,20733,242],{"class":66},[52,20735,19844],{"class":108},[52,20737,105],{"class":66},[52,20739,757],{"class":756},[52,20741,15353],{"class":760},[52,20743,757],{"class":756},[52,20745,74],{"class":66},[52,20747,768],{"class":756},[52,20749,20750],{"class":760},"Unknown",[52,20752,757],{"class":756},[52,20754,5450],{"class":66},[52,20756,20757],{"class":129},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20759,20760],{},"This is useful for display text:",[153,20762,20763,20768,20773],{},[156,20764,20765],{},[15,20766,20767],{},"\"Unknown\"",[156,20769,20770],{},[15,20771,20772],{},"\"Not set\"",[156,20774,20775],{},[15,20776,20777],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20779,20780],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[43,20782,20784],{"className":45,"code":20783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20785,20786,20818,20822,20849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20787,20788,20790,20792,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810,20812,20814,20816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20789,5157],{"class":58},[52,20791,63],{"class":62},[52,20793,10577],{"class":66},[52,20795,757],{"class":756},[52,20797,18510],{"class":760},[52,20799,757],{"class":756},[52,20801,1772],{"class":66},[52,20803,270],{"class":70},[52,20805,74],{"class":66},[52,20807,768],{"class":756},[52,20809,18519],{"class":760},[52,20811,757],{"class":756},[52,20813,1772],{"class":66},[52,20815,6445],{"class":70},[52,20817,9394],{"class":66},[52,20819,20820],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20821,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,20823,20824,20827,20829,20831,20833,20835,20837,20839,20841,20843,20845,20847],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20825,20826],{"class":58},"total_history ",[52,20828,63],{"class":62},[52,20830,5204],{"class":58},[52,20832,242],{"class":66},[52,20834,19844],{"class":108},[52,20836,105],{"class":66},[52,20838,757],{"class":756},[52,20840,18528],{"class":760},[52,20842,757],{"class":756},[52,20844,74],{"class":66},[52,20846,3933],{"class":70},[52,20848,112],{"class":66},[52,20850,20851,20853,20855,20858,20860],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,20852,118],{"class":101},[52,20854,105],{"class":66},[52,20856,20857],{"class":108},"total_history",[52,20859,126],{"class":66},[52,20861,20862],{"class":129},"   # 0\n",[20,20864,20865,20866,20868],{},"Here, ",[15,20867,207],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20870,20871],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[153,20873,20874,20877,20882,20887],{},[156,20875,20876],{},"Use a string for text",[156,20878,133,20879,20881],{},[15,20880,207],{}," for numbers",[156,20883,133,20884,20886],{},[15,20885,3887],{}," for lists if needed",[156,20888,133,20889,20891],{},[15,20890,3892],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[38,20893,20895],{"id":20894},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20897,20898,20899,242],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20900,10827],{},[461,20902,20904,20906],{"id":20903},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20905,10827],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20908,20909,20910,20912],{},"This code does ",[3842,20911,4722],{}," create a new key:",[43,20914,20916],{"className":45,"code":20915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20917,20918,20942,20946,20971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,20919,20920,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,20921,13294],{"class":58},[52,20923,63],{"class":62},[52,20925,10577],{"class":66},[52,20927,757],{"class":756},[52,20929,7751],{"class":760},[52,20931,757],{"class":756},[52,20933,1772],{"class":66},[52,20935,768],{"class":756},[52,20937,12969],{"class":760},[52,20939,757],{"class":756},[52,20941,9394],{"class":66},[52,20943,20944],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,20945,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,20947,20948,20950,20952,20954,20956,20958,20960,20962,20964,20966,20968],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,20949,118],{"class":101},[52,20951,105],{"class":66},[52,20953,17400],{"class":108},[52,20955,242],{"class":66},[52,20957,19844],{"class":108},[52,20959,105],{"class":66},[52,20961,757],{"class":756},[52,20963,10495],{"class":760},[52,20965,757],{"class":756},[52,20967,5450],{"class":66},[52,20969,20970],{"class":129},"  # None\n",[52,20972,20973,20975,20977,20979,20981],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,20974,118],{"class":101},[52,20976,105],{"class":66},[52,20978,17400],{"class":108},[52,20980,126],{"class":66},[52,20982,20983],{"class":129},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20985,20986],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[461,20988,20990,20992],{"id":20989},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20991,10827],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20994,20995],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[43,20997,20999],{"className":45,"code":20998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,21000,21001,21027,21031,21057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21002,21003,21005,21007,21009,21011,21014,21016,21018,21020,21023,21025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21004,13916],{"class":58},[52,21006,63],{"class":62},[52,21008,10577],{"class":66},[52,21010,757],{"class":756},[52,21012,21013],{"class":760},"mode",[52,21015,757],{"class":756},[52,21017,1772],{"class":66},[52,21019,768],{"class":756},[52,21021,21022],{"class":760},"light",[52,21024,757],{"class":756},[52,21026,9394],{"class":66},[52,21028,21029],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,21030,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,21032,21033,21035,21037,21039,21041,21043,21045,21047,21049,21051,21053,21055],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21034,13975],{"class":58},[52,21036,242],{"class":66},[52,21038,19844],{"class":108},[52,21040,105],{"class":66},[52,21042,757],{"class":756},[52,21044,12582],{"class":760},[52,21046,757],{"class":756},[52,21048,74],{"class":66},[52,21050,768],{"class":756},[52,21052,12591],{"class":760},[52,21054,757],{"class":756},[52,21056,112],{"class":66},[52,21058,21059,21061,21063,21065,21067],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,21060,118],{"class":101},[52,21062,105],{"class":66},[52,21064,13975],{"class":108},[52,21066,126],{"class":66},[52,21068,21069],{"class":129},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,21071,21072,21073,21076],{},"Even though ",[15,21074,21075],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[461,21078,21080,21081],{"id":21079},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,21082,3878],{},[20,21084,21085,21086,2514,21088,21090],{},"Sometimes ",[15,21087,10827],{},[15,21089,3878],{}," because:",[153,21092,21093,21096],{},[156,21094,21095],{},"The key is missing, or",[156,21097,21098,21099],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,21100,3878],{},[20,21102,2324],{},[43,21104,21106],{"className":45,"code":21105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,21107,21108,21145,21149,21173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21109,21110,21112,21114,21116,21118,21120,21122,21124,21126,21128,21130,21132,21134,21137,21139,21141,21143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21111,9251],{"class":58},[52,21113,63],{"class":62},[52,21115,10577],{"class":66},[52,21117,757],{"class":756},[52,21119,7751],{"class":760},[52,21121,757],{"class":756},[52,21123,1772],{"class":66},[52,21125,768],{"class":756},[52,21127,12969],{"class":760},[52,21129,757],{"class":756},[52,21131,74],{"class":66},[52,21133,768],{"class":756},[52,21135,21136],{"class":760},"nickname",[52,21138,757],{"class":756},[52,21140,1772],{"class":66},[52,21142,3951],{"class":674},[52,21144,9394],{"class":66},[52,21146,21147],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,21148,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,21150,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21152,118],{"class":101},[52,21154,105],{"class":66},[52,21156,9289],{"class":108},[52,21158,242],{"class":66},[52,21160,19844],{"class":108},[52,21162,105],{"class":66},[52,21164,757],{"class":756},[52,21166,21136],{"class":760},[52,21168,757],{"class":756},[52,21170,5450],{"class":66},[52,21172,20970],{"class":129},[52,21174,21175,21177,21179,21181,21183,21185,21187,21189,21191,21193,21195],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,21176,118],{"class":101},[52,21178,105],{"class":66},[52,21180,9289],{"class":108},[52,21182,242],{"class":66},[52,21184,19844],{"class":108},[52,21186,105],{"class":66},[52,21188,757],{"class":756},[52,21190,10495],{"class":760},[52,21192,757],{"class":756},[52,21194,5450],{"class":66},[52,21196,21197],{"class":129},"      # None\n",[20,21199,21200,21201,21203],{},"Both lines print ",[15,21202,3878],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,21205,21206,21207,1772],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,21208,1202],{},[43,21210,21212],{"className":45,"code":21211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,21213,21214,21250,21254,21275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21215,21216,21218,21220,21222,21224,21226,21228,21230,21232,21234,21236,21238,21240,21242,21244,21246,21248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21217,9251],{"class":58},[52,21219,63],{"class":62},[52,21221,10577],{"class":66},[52,21223,757],{"class":756},[52,21225,7751],{"class":760},[52,21227,757],{"class":756},[52,21229,1772],{"class":66},[52,21231,768],{"class":756},[52,21233,12969],{"class":760},[52,21235,757],{"class":756},[52,21237,74],{"class":66},[52,21239,768],{"class":756},[52,21241,21136],{"class":760},[52,21243,757],{"class":756},[52,21245,1772],{"class":66},[52,21247,3951],{"class":674},[52,21249,9394],{"class":66},[52,21251,21252],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,21253,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,21255,21256,21258,21260,21262,21264,21266,21269,21271,21273],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21257,118],{"class":101},[52,21259,105],{"class":66},[52,21261,757],{"class":756},[52,21263,21136],{"class":760},[52,21265,757],{"class":756},[52,21267,21268],{"class":1195}," in",[52,21270,14657],{"class":108},[52,21272,126],{"class":66},[52,21274,3765],{"class":129},[52,21276,21277,21279,21281,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291,21293],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,21278,118],{"class":101},[52,21280,105],{"class":66},[52,21282,757],{"class":756},[52,21284,10495],{"class":760},[52,21286,757],{"class":756},[52,21288,21268],{"class":1195},[52,21290,14657],{"class":108},[52,21292,126],{"class":66},[52,21294,21295],{"class":129},"      # False\n",[20,21297,21298,21299,242],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[236,21300,21301],{"href":17246},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[38,21303,1766],{"id":1765},[20,21305,21306,21307,1772],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,21308,10827],{},[153,21310,21311,21316,21323,21328],{},[156,21312,21313,21314],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,21315,19781],{},[156,21317,4796,21318,2514,21320,21322],{},[15,21319,10827],{},[15,21321,3878],{}," if no default is provided",[156,21324,4670,21325,21327],{},[15,21326,10827],{}," creates a key automatically",[156,21329,21330],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,21332,21333],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[43,21335,21337],{"className":45,"code":21336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,21338,21339,21349,21363,21381,21403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21340,21341,21343,21345,21347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21342,118],{"class":101},[52,21344,105],{"class":66},[52,21346,11539],{"class":108},[52,21348,112],{"class":66},[52,21350,21351,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,21352,118],{"class":101},[52,21354,105],{"class":66},[52,21356,11539],{"class":108},[52,21358,242],{"class":66},[52,21360,17016],{"class":108},[52,21362,7276],{"class":66},[52,21364,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21366,118],{"class":101},[52,21368,105],{"class":66},[52,21370,3406],{"class":756},[52,21372,7751],{"class":760},[52,21374,3406],{"class":756},[52,21376,21268],{"class":1195},[52,21378,11853],{"class":108},[52,21380,112],{"class":66},[52,21382,21383,21385,21387,21389,21391,21393,21395,21397,21399,21401],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,21384,118],{"class":101},[52,21386,105],{"class":66},[52,21388,11539],{"class":108},[52,21390,242],{"class":66},[52,21392,19844],{"class":108},[52,21394,105],{"class":66},[52,21396,3406],{"class":756},[52,21398,7751],{"class":760},[52,21400,3406],{"class":756},[52,21402,510],{"class":66},[52,21404,21405,21407,21409,21411,21413,21415,21417,21419,21421,21423,21425,21427],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,21406,118],{"class":101},[52,21408,105],{"class":66},[52,21410,1827],{"class":1184},[52,21412,105],{"class":66},[52,21414,11539],{"class":108},[52,21416,242],{"class":66},[52,21418,19844],{"class":108},[52,21420,105],{"class":66},[52,21422,3406],{"class":756},[52,21424,7751],{"class":760},[52,21426,3406],{"class":756},[52,21428,622],{"class":66},[20,21430,21431],{},"What these checks tell you:",[153,21433,21434,21439,21445,21451,21457],{},[156,21435,21436,21438],{},[15,21437,12767],{}," shows the full dictionary",[156,21440,21441,21444],{},[15,21442,21443],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[156,21446,21447,21450],{},[15,21448,21449],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[156,21452,21453,21456],{},[15,21454,21455],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[156,21458,21459,21462],{},[15,21460,21461],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,21464,21465,21466,652,21471,21475],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[236,21467,21468,21469,10828],{"href":17155},"the dictionary ",[15,21470,17158],{},[236,21472,21468,21473,10828],{"href":17168},[15,21474,17171],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[38,21477,1919],{"id":1918},[461,21479,12792,21481,21483,21484,1963],{"id":21480},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,21482,10827],{}," raise ",[15,21485,19781],{},[20,21487,21488,21489,21491],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21490,3878],{}," or the default value you provide.",[461,21493,12792,21495,21497],{"id":21494},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21496,10827],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21499,21500],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[461,21502,21504,21505,1963],{"id":21503},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21506,10827],{},[20,21508,21509,21511],{},[15,21510,3878],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[461,21513,21515,21516,21518],{"id":21514},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21517,10827],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21520,133,21521,21523],{},[15,21522,10827],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[38,21525,1986],{"id":1985},[153,21527,21528,21532,21538,21544,21548,21553],{},[156,21529,21530],{},[236,21531,9241],{"href":9240},[156,21533,21534],{},[236,21535,10824,21536,10828],{"href":17155},[15,21537,17158],{},[156,21539,21540],{},[236,21541,10824,21542,10828],{"href":17168},[15,21543,17171],{},[156,21545,21546],{},[236,21547,17247],{"href":17246},[156,21549,21550],{},[236,21551,21552],{"href":16689},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[156,21554,21555],{},[236,21556,11351],{"href":11162},[2029,21558,21559],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: 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brackets",[21570,21571],{"id":20482,"depth":115,"text":20483},{"id":19844,"depth":115,"text":10827},{"id":20681,"depth":93,"text":20682},{"id":20894,"depth":93,"text":20895,"children":21574},[21575,21577,21579],{"id":20903,"depth":115,"text":21576},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20989,"depth":115,"text":21578},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":21079,"depth":115,"text":21580},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":21583},[21584,21586,21588,21590],{"id":21480,"depth":115,"text":21585},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21494,"depth":115,"text":21587},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21503,"depth":115,"text":21589},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21514,"depth":115,"text":21591},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19762,"description":21593},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21600,"title":21601,"body":21602,"description":24159,"extension":2083,"meta":24160,"navigation":296,"path":24161,"seo":24162,"stem":24163,"__hash__":24164},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21603,"toc":24125},[21604,21609,21615,21621,21623,21705,21709,21726,21731,21736,21741,21743,21757,21759,21822,21826,21866,21874,21876,21878,21893,21896,21909,21911,21990,21994,22060,22062,22066,22074,22076,22087,22089,22199,22203,22282,22288,22294,22299,22412,22416,22448,22451,22558,22564,22571,22575,22578,22681,22685,22746,22749,22752,22763,22772,22775,22792,22794,22893,22897,22972,22975,22998,23003,23008,23025,23027,23148,23152,23186,23188,23193,23200,23210,23212,23290,23293,23364,23374,23377,23409,23412,23451,23457,23464,23467,23558,23562,23643,23649,23652,23655,23760,23763,23766,23888,23892,23895,23962,23966,24003,24009,24011,24017,24022,24028,24035,24041,24044,24083,24089,24092,24094,24122],[10,21605,11407,21607,11411],{"id":21606},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21608,17171],{},[20,21610,2100,21611,21614],{},[15,21612,21613],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21616,21617,21618,21620],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21619,17171],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[38,21622,41],{"id":40},[43,21624,21626],{"className":45,"code":21625,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21627,21628,21664,21668,21691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21629,21630,21632,21634,21636,21638,21640,21642,21644,21646,21648,21650,21652,21654,21656,21658,21660,21662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21631,13294],{"class":58},[52,21633,63],{"class":62},[52,21635,10577],{"class":66},[52,21637,757],{"class":756},[52,21639,7751],{"class":760},[52,21641,757],{"class":756},[52,21643,1772],{"class":66},[52,21645,768],{"class":756},[52,21647,12969],{"class":760},[52,21649,757],{"class":756},[52,21651,74],{"class":66},[52,21653,768],{"class":756},[52,21655,9384],{"class":760},[52,21657,757],{"class":756},[52,21659,1772],{"class":66},[52,21661,9391],{"class":70},[52,21663,9394],{"class":66},[52,21665,21666],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,21667,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,21669,21670,21672,21675,21677,21680,21682,21684,21686,21688],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21671,1678],{"class":1195},[52,21673,21674],{"class":58}," key",[52,21676,74],{"class":66},[52,21678,21679],{"class":58}," value ",[52,21681,1202],{"class":1195},[52,21683,13337],{"class":58},[52,21685,242],{"class":66},[52,21687,7894],{"class":108},[52,21689,21690],{"class":66},"():\n",[52,21692,21693,21695,21697,21699,21701,21703],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,21694,8154],{"class":101},[52,21696,105],{"class":66},[52,21698,14932],{"class":108},[52,21700,74],{"class":66},[52,21702,348],{"class":108},[52,21704,112],{"class":66},[20,21706,21707],{},[3842,21708,311],{},[43,21710,21712],{"className":45,"code":21711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21713,21714,21719],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21715,21716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21717,21718],{"class":58},"name Ana\n",[52,21720,21721,21724],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,21722,21723],{"class":58},"age ",[52,21725,2822],{"class":70},[20,21727,133,21728,21730],{},[15,21729,17171],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[38,21732,140,21734,143],{"id":21733},"what-items-does",[15,21735,17171],{},[20,21737,21738,21740],{},[15,21739,17171],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21742,11548],{},[153,21744,21745,21751,21754],{},[156,21746,21747,21748],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21749,21750],{},"(key, value)",[156,21752,21753],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[156,21755,21756],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21758,2324],{},[43,21760,21762],{"className":45,"code":21761,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21763,21764,21800,21804],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21765,21766,21768,21770,21772,21774,21776,21778,21780,21782,21784,21786,21788,21790,21792,21794,21796,21798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21767,13294],{"class":58},[52,21769,63],{"class":62},[52,21771,10577],{"class":66},[52,21773,757],{"class":756},[52,21775,7751],{"class":760},[52,21777,757],{"class":756},[52,21779,1772],{"class":66},[52,21781,768],{"class":756},[52,21783,12969],{"class":760},[52,21785,757],{"class":756},[52,21787,74],{"class":66},[52,21789,768],{"class":756},[52,21791,9384],{"class":760},[52,21793,757],{"class":756},[52,21795,1772],{"class":66},[52,21797,9391],{"class":70},[52,21799,9394],{"class":66},[52,21801,21802],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,21803,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,21805,21806,21808,21810,21812,21814,21816,21818,21820],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21807,118],{"class":101},[52,21809,105],{"class":66},[52,21811,8179],{"class":1184},[52,21813,105],{"class":66},[52,21815,17400],{"class":108},[52,21817,242],{"class":66},[52,21819,7894],{"class":108},[52,21821,6375],{"class":66},[20,21823,21824],{},[3842,21825,311],{},[43,21827,21829],{"className":45,"code":21828,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21830,21831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21832,21833,21836,21838,21840,21842,21844,21846,21848,21850,21852,21854,21856,21858,21860,21862,21864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21834,21835],{"class":66},"[(",[52,21837,3406],{"class":756},[52,21839,7751],{"class":760},[52,21841,3406],{"class":756},[52,21843,74],{"class":66},[52,21845,3401],{"class":756},[52,21847,12969],{"class":760},[52,21849,3406],{"class":756},[52,21851,9318],{"class":66},[52,21853,9321],{"class":66},[52,21855,3406],{"class":756},[52,21857,9384],{"class":760},[52,21859,3406],{"class":756},[52,21861,74],{"class":66},[52,21863,9391],{"class":70},[52,21865,9334],{"class":66},[20,21867,21868,21869,1943,21871,242],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[236,21870,9241],{"href":13112},[236,21872,15116],{"href":21873},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[38,21875,181],{"id":180},[20,21877,5523],{},[43,21879,21881],{"className":45,"code":21880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21882,21883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21884,21885,21887,21889,21891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21886,11539],{"class":58},[52,21888,242],{"class":66},[52,21890,7894],{"class":108},[52,21892,8729],{"class":66},[20,21894,21895],{},"Things to remember:",[153,21897,21898,21903,21906],{},[156,21899,21900,21902],{},[15,21901,17171],{}," does not take any arguments",[156,21904,21905],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[156,21907,21908],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21910,2324],{},[43,21912,21914],{"className":45,"code":21913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21915,21916,21948,21952,21966,21970,21980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,21917,21918,21920,21922,21924,21926,21928,21930,21932,21934,21936,21938,21940,21942,21944,21946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,21919,5157],{"class":58},[52,21921,63],{"class":62},[52,21923,10577],{"class":66},[52,21925,757],{"class":756},[52,21927,5097],{"class":760},[52,21929,757],{"class":756},[52,21931,1772],{"class":66},[52,21933,19992],{"class":70},[52,21935,74],{"class":66},[52,21937,768],{"class":756},[52,21939,5106],{"class":760},[52,21941,757],{"class":756},[52,21943,1772],{"class":66},[52,21945,13597],{"class":70},[52,21947,9394],{"class":66},[52,21949,21950],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,21951,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,21953,21954,21956,21958,21960,21962,21964],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,21955,2347],{"class":58},[52,21957,63],{"class":62},[52,21959,5204],{"class":58},[52,21961,242],{"class":66},[52,21963,7894],{"class":108},[52,21965,8729],{"class":66},[52,21967,21968],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,21969,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,21971,21972,21974,21976,21978],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,21973,118],{"class":101},[52,21975,105],{"class":66},[52,21977,2382],{"class":108},[52,21979,112],{"class":66},[52,21981,21982,21984,21986,21988],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,21983,118],{"class":101},[52,21985,105],{"class":66},[52,21987,16481],{"class":108},[52,21989,112],{"class":66},[20,21991,21992],{},[3842,21993,311],{},[43,21995,21997],{"className":45,"code":21996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21998,21999,22032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22000,22001,22004,22006,22008,22010,22012,22014,22016,22018,22020,22022,22024,22026,22028,22030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22002,22003],{"class":108},"dict_items",[52,22005,9743],{"class":66},[52,22007,3406],{"class":756},[52,22009,5097],{"class":760},[52,22011,3406],{"class":756},[52,22013,74],{"class":66},[52,22015,19992],{"class":70},[52,22017,9318],{"class":66},[52,22019,9321],{"class":66},[52,22021,3406],{"class":756},[52,22023,5106],{"class":760},[52,22025,3406],{"class":756},[52,22027,74],{"class":66},[52,22029,13597],{"class":70},[52,22031,10766],{"class":66},[52,22033,22034,22036,22038,22040,22042,22044,22046,22048,22050,22052,22054,22056,22058],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22035,9363],{"class":66},[52,22037,3406],{"class":756},[52,22039,5097],{"class":760},[52,22041,3406],{"class":756},[52,22043,1772],{"class":66},[52,22045,19992],{"class":70},[52,22047,74],{"class":66},[52,22049,3401],{"class":756},[52,22051,5106],{"class":760},[52,22053,3406],{"class":756},[52,22055,1772],{"class":66},[52,22057,13597],{"class":70},[52,22059,9394],{"class":66},[20,22061,20986],{},[38,22063,22065],{"id":22064},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,22067,22068,22070,22071,22073],{},[15,22069,17171],{}," returns a ",[15,22072,22003],{}," view object.",[20,22075,2226],{},[153,22077,22078,22081,22084],{},[156,22079,22080],{},"You can loop over it",[156,22082,22083],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[156,22085,22086],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,22088,2324],{},[43,22090,22092],{"className":45,"code":22091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,22093,22094,22126,22140,22144,22158,22162,22181,22185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22095,22096,22098,22100,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22097,9251],{"class":58},[52,22099,63],{"class":62},[52,22101,10577],{"class":66},[52,22103,757],{"class":756},[52,22105,1190],{"class":760},[52,22107,757],{"class":756},[52,22109,1772],{"class":66},[52,22111,5586],{"class":70},[52,22113,74],{"class":66},[52,22115,768],{"class":756},[52,22117,1405],{"class":760},[52,22119,757],{"class":756},[52,22121,1772],{"class":66},[52,22123,77],{"class":70},[52,22125,9394],{"class":66},[52,22127,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22129,9300],{"class":58},[52,22131,63],{"class":62},[52,22133,14657],{"class":58},[52,22135,242],{"class":66},[52,22137,7894],{"class":108},[52,22139,8729],{"class":66},[52,22141,22142],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22143,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,22145,22146,22148,22150,22152,22154,22156],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,22147,118],{"class":101},[52,22149,105],{"class":66},[52,22151,8179],{"class":1184},[52,22153,105],{"class":66},[52,22155,9347],{"class":108},[52,22157,510],{"class":66},[52,22159,22160],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,22161,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,22163,22164,22166,22168,22170,22173,22175,22177,22179],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,22165,9289],{"class":58},[52,22167,3994],{"class":66},[52,22169,757],{"class":756},[52,22171,22172],{"class":760},"z",[52,22174,757],{"class":756},[52,22176,13363],{"class":66},[52,22178,13366],{"class":62},[52,22180,2691],{"class":70},[52,22182,22183],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,22184,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,22186,22187,22189,22191,22193,22195,22197],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,22188,118],{"class":101},[52,22190,105],{"class":66},[52,22192,8179],{"class":1184},[52,22194,105],{"class":66},[52,22196,9347],{"class":108},[52,22198,510],{"class":66},[20,22200,22201],{},[3842,22202,311],{},[43,22204,22206],{"className":45,"code":22205,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,22207,22208,22238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22209,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22211,21835],{"class":66},[52,22213,3406],{"class":756},[52,22215,1190],{"class":760},[52,22217,3406],{"class":756},[52,22219,74],{"class":66},[52,22221,5586],{"class":70},[52,22223,9318],{"class":66},[52,22225,9321],{"class":66},[52,22227,3406],{"class":756},[52,22229,1405],{"class":760},[52,22231,3406],{"class":756},[52,22233,74],{"class":66},[52,22235,77],{"class":70},[52,22237,9334],{"class":66},[52,22239,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260,22262,22264,22266,22268,22270,22272,22274,22276,22278,22280],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22241,21835],{"class":66},[52,22243,3406],{"class":756},[52,22245,1190],{"class":760},[52,22247,3406],{"class":756},[52,22249,74],{"class":66},[52,22251,5586],{"class":70},[52,22253,9318],{"class":66},[52,22255,9321],{"class":66},[52,22257,3406],{"class":756},[52,22259,1405],{"class":760},[52,22261,3406],{"class":756},[52,22263,74],{"class":66},[52,22265,77],{"class":70},[52,22267,9318],{"class":66},[52,22269,9321],{"class":66},[52,22271,3406],{"class":756},[52,22273,22172],{"class":760},[52,22275,3406],{"class":756},[52,22277,74],{"class":66},[52,22279,82],{"class":70},[52,22281,9334],{"class":66},[20,22283,22284,22285,22287],{},"This happens because ",[15,22286,9347],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[38,22289,22291,22292],{"id":22290},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,22293,17171],{},[20,22295,22296,22297,1772],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,22298,17171],{},[43,22300,22302],{"className":45,"code":22301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,22303,22304,22357,22361,22381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22305,22306,22308,22310,22312,22314,22316,22318,22320,22322,22324,22326,22328,22330,22332,22334,22336,22338,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349,22351,22353,22355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22307,12952],{"class":58},[52,22309,63],{"class":62},[52,22311,10577],{"class":66},[52,22313,757],{"class":756},[52,22315,7751],{"class":760},[52,22317,757],{"class":756},[52,22319,1772],{"class":66},[52,22321,768],{"class":756},[52,22323,8006],{"class":760},[52,22325,757],{"class":756},[52,22327,74],{"class":66},[52,22329,768],{"class":756},[52,22331,19985],{"class":760},[52,22333,757],{"class":756},[52,22335,1772],{"class":66},[52,22337,768],{"class":756},[52,22339,22340],{"class":760},"A",[52,22342,757],{"class":756},[52,22344,74],{"class":66},[52,22346,768],{"class":756},[52,22348,9384],{"class":760},[52,22350,757],{"class":756},[52,22352,1772],{"class":66},[52,22354,13948],{"class":70},[52,22356,9394],{"class":66},[52,22358,22359],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22360,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,22362,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371,22373,22375,22377,22379],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22364,1678],{"class":1195},[52,22366,21674],{"class":58},[52,22368,74],{"class":66},[52,22370,21679],{"class":58},[52,22372,1202],{"class":1195},[52,22374,12995],{"class":58},[52,22376,242],{"class":66},[52,22378,7894],{"class":108},[52,22380,21690],{"class":66},[52,22382,22383,22385,22387,22390,22392,22394,22396,22399,22402,22404,22406,22408,22410],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,22384,8154],{"class":101},[52,22386,105],{"class":66},[52,22388,22389],{"class":2184},"f",[52,22391,757],{"class":760},[52,22393,9363],{"class":70},[52,22395,14932],{"class":108},[52,22397,22398],{"class":70},"}",[52,22400,22401],{"class":760},": ",[52,22403,9363],{"class":70},[52,22405,2588],{"class":108},[52,22407,22398],{"class":70},[52,22409,757],{"class":760},[52,22411,112],{"class":66},[20,22413,22414],{},[3842,22415,311],{},[43,22417,22419],{"className":45,"code":22418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,22420,22421,22430,22439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22422,22423,22425,22427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22424,7751],{"class":58},[52,22426,1772],{"class":66},[52,22428,22429],{"class":58}," Mia\n",[52,22431,22432,22434,22436],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22433,19985],{"class":58},[52,22435,1772],{"class":66},[52,22437,22438],{"class":58}," A\n",[52,22440,22441,22443,22445],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22442,9384],{"class":58},[52,22444,1772],{"class":66},[52,22446,22447],{"class":70}," 14\n",[20,22449,22450],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[43,22452,22454],{"className":45,"code":22453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,22455,22456,22508,22512,22524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22457,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486,22488,22490,22492,22494,22496,22498,22500,22502,22504,22506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22459,12952],{"class":58},[52,22461,63],{"class":62},[52,22463,10577],{"class":66},[52,22465,757],{"class":756},[52,22467,7751],{"class":760},[52,22469,757],{"class":756},[52,22471,1772],{"class":66},[52,22473,768],{"class":756},[52,22475,8006],{"class":760},[52,22477,757],{"class":756},[52,22479,74],{"class":66},[52,22481,768],{"class":756},[52,22483,19985],{"class":760},[52,22485,757],{"class":756},[52,22487,1772],{"class":66},[52,22489,768],{"class":756},[52,22491,22340],{"class":760},[52,22493,757],{"class":756},[52,22495,74],{"class":66},[52,22497,768],{"class":756},[52,22499,9384],{"class":760},[52,22501,757],{"class":756},[52,22503,1772],{"class":66},[52,22505,13948],{"class":70},[52,22507,9394],{"class":66},[52,22509,22510],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22511,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,22513,22514,22516,22518,22520,22522],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22515,1678],{"class":1195},[52,22517,18302],{"class":58},[52,22519,1202],{"class":1195},[52,22521,12995],{"class":58},[52,22523,1689],{"class":66},[52,22525,22526,22528,22530,22532,22534,22536,22538,22540,22542,22544,22546,22548,22550,22552,22554,22556],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,22527,8154],{"class":101},[52,22529,105],{"class":66},[52,22531,22389],{"class":2184},[52,22533,757],{"class":760},[52,22535,9363],{"class":70},[52,22537,14932],{"class":108},[52,22539,22398],{"class":70},[52,22541,22401],{"class":760},[52,22543,9363],{"class":70},[52,22545,13716],{"class":108},[52,22547,3994],{"class":66},[52,22549,14932],{"class":108},[52,22551,13363],{"class":66},[52,22553,22398],{"class":70},[52,22555,757],{"class":760},[52,22557,112],{"class":66},[20,22559,6594,22560,22563],{},[15,22561,22562],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22565,22566,22567,242],{},"For a full guide, see ",[236,22568,22570],{"href":22569},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[38,22572,22574],{"id":22573},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22576,22577],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[43,22579,22581],{"className":45,"code":22580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22582,22583,22642,22646,22666,22670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22584,22585,22587,22589,22591,22593,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603,22605,22607,22609,22611,22613,22615,22617,22620,22622,22624,22626,22629,22631,22633,22635,22638,22640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22586,13165],{"class":58},[52,22588,63],{"class":62},[52,22590,10577],{"class":66},[52,22592,757],{"class":756},[52,22594,4171],{"class":760},[52,22596,757],{"class":756},[52,22598,1772],{"class":66},[52,22600,768],{"class":756},[52,22602,13182],{"class":760},[52,22604,757],{"class":756},[52,22606,74],{"class":66},[52,22608,768],{"class":756},[52,22610,4180],{"class":760},[52,22612,757],{"class":756},[52,22614,1772],{"class":66},[52,22616,768],{"class":756},[52,22618,22619],{"class":760},"yellow",[52,22621,757],{"class":756},[52,22623,74],{"class":66},[52,22625,768],{"class":756},[52,22627,22628],{"class":760},"grape",[52,22630,757],{"class":756},[52,22632,1772],{"class":66},[52,22634,768],{"class":756},[52,22636,22637],{"class":760},"purple",[52,22639,757],{"class":756},[52,22641,9394],{"class":66},[52,22643,22644],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22645,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,22647,22648,22651,22653,22656,22658,22660,22662,22664],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22649,22650],{"class":58},"pairs_list ",[52,22652,63],{"class":62},[52,22654,22655],{"class":1184}," list",[52,22657,105],{"class":66},[52,22659,17596],{"class":108},[52,22661,242],{"class":66},[52,22663,7894],{"class":108},[52,22665,7276],{"class":66},[52,22667,22668],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,22669,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,22671,22672,22674,22676,22679],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,22673,118],{"class":101},[52,22675,105],{"class":66},[52,22677,22678],{"class":108},"pairs_list",[52,22680,112],{"class":66},[20,22682,22683],{},[3842,22684,311],{},[43,22686,22688],{"className":45,"code":22687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22689,22690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22691,22692,22694,22696,22698,22700,22702,22704,22706,22708,22710,22712,22714,22716,22718,22720,22722,22724,22726,22728,22730,22732,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22693,21835],{"class":66},[52,22695,3406],{"class":756},[52,22697,4171],{"class":760},[52,22699,3406],{"class":756},[52,22701,74],{"class":66},[52,22703,3401],{"class":756},[52,22705,13182],{"class":760},[52,22707,3406],{"class":756},[52,22709,9318],{"class":66},[52,22711,9321],{"class":66},[52,22713,3406],{"class":756},[52,22715,4180],{"class":760},[52,22717,3406],{"class":756},[52,22719,74],{"class":66},[52,22721,3401],{"class":756},[52,22723,22619],{"class":760},[52,22725,3406],{"class":756},[52,22727,9318],{"class":66},[52,22729,9321],{"class":66},[52,22731,3406],{"class":756},[52,22733,22628],{"class":760},[52,22735,3406],{"class":756},[52,22737,74],{"class":66},[52,22739,3401],{"class":756},[52,22741,22637],{"class":760},[52,22743,3406],{"class":756},[52,22745,9334],{"class":66},[20,22747,22748],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22750,22751],{},"Use this when:",[153,22753,22754,22757,22760],{},[156,22755,22756],{},"You want clearer printed output",[156,22758,22759],{},"You need list behavior",[156,22761,22762],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[38,22764,22766,10672,22768,10672,22770],{"id":22765},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22767,17171],{},[15,22769,17158],{},[15,22771,17164],{},[20,22773,22774],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[153,22776,22777,22782,22787],{},[156,22778,22779,22781],{},[15,22780,17171],{}," gives both key and value",[156,22783,22784,22786],{},[15,22785,17158],{}," gives only keys",[156,22788,22789,22791],{},[15,22790,17164],{}," gives only values",[20,22793,2324],{},[43,22795,22797],{"className":45,"code":22796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22798,22799,22835,22839,22857,22875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22800,22801,22803,22805,22807,22809,22811,22813,22815,22817,22819,22821,22823,22825,22827,22829,22831,22833],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22802,13294],{"class":58},[52,22804,63],{"class":62},[52,22806,10577],{"class":66},[52,22808,757],{"class":756},[52,22810,7751],{"class":760},[52,22812,757],{"class":756},[52,22814,1772],{"class":66},[52,22816,768],{"class":756},[52,22818,12969],{"class":760},[52,22820,757],{"class":756},[52,22822,74],{"class":66},[52,22824,768],{"class":756},[52,22826,9384],{"class":760},[52,22828,757],{"class":756},[52,22830,1772],{"class":66},[52,22832,9391],{"class":70},[52,22834,9394],{"class":66},[52,22836,22837],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22838,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,22840,22841,22843,22845,22847,22849,22851,22853,22855],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22842,118],{"class":101},[52,22844,105],{"class":66},[52,22846,8179],{"class":1184},[52,22848,105],{"class":66},[52,22850,17400],{"class":108},[52,22852,242],{"class":66},[52,22854,17016],{"class":108},[52,22856,6375],{"class":66},[52,22858,22859,22861,22863,22865,22867,22869,22871,22873],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,22860,118],{"class":101},[52,22862,105],{"class":66},[52,22864,8179],{"class":1184},[52,22866,105],{"class":66},[52,22868,17400],{"class":108},[52,22870,242],{"class":66},[52,22872,507],{"class":108},[52,22874,6375],{"class":66},[52,22876,22877,22879,22881,22883,22885,22887,22889,22891],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,22878,118],{"class":101},[52,22880,105],{"class":66},[52,22882,8179],{"class":1184},[52,22884,105],{"class":66},[52,22886,17400],{"class":108},[52,22888,242],{"class":66},[52,22890,7894],{"class":108},[52,22892,6375],{"class":66},[20,22894,22895],{},[3842,22896,311],{},[43,22898,22900],{"className":45,"code":22899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22901,22902,22922,22938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,22903,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912,22914,22916,22918,22920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,22905,3994],{"class":66},[52,22907,3406],{"class":756},[52,22909,7751],{"class":760},[52,22911,3406],{"class":756},[52,22913,74],{"class":66},[52,22915,3401],{"class":756},[52,22917,9384],{"class":760},[52,22919,3406],{"class":756},[52,22921,90],{"class":66},[52,22923,22924,22926,22928,22930,22932,22934,22936],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,22925,3994],{"class":66},[52,22927,3406],{"class":756},[52,22929,12969],{"class":760},[52,22931,3406],{"class":756},[52,22933,74],{"class":66},[52,22935,9391],{"class":70},[52,22937,90],{"class":66},[52,22939,22940,22942,22944,22946,22948,22950,22952,22954,22956,22958,22960,22962,22964,22966,22968,22970],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,22941,21835],{"class":66},[52,22943,3406],{"class":756},[52,22945,7751],{"class":760},[52,22947,3406],{"class":756},[52,22949,74],{"class":66},[52,22951,3401],{"class":756},[52,22953,12969],{"class":760},[52,22955,3406],{"class":756},[52,22957,9318],{"class":66},[52,22959,9321],{"class":66},[52,22961,3406],{"class":756},[52,22963,9384],{"class":760},[52,22965,3406],{"class":756},[52,22967,74],{"class":66},[52,22969,9391],{"class":70},[52,22971,9334],{"class":66},[20,22973,22974],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[153,22976,22977,22985,22993],{},[156,22978,22979,22980],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[236,22981,22983],{"href":22982},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22984,17158],{},[156,22986,22987,22988],{},"Need just values? Use ",[236,22989,22991],{"href":22990},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22992,17164],{},[156,22994,22995,22996],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22997,17171],{},[38,22999,5054,23001],{"id":23000},"when-to-use-items",[15,23002,17171],{},[20,23004,23005,23007],{},[15,23006,17171],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[153,23009,23010,23013,23016,23019,23022],{},[156,23011,23012],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[156,23014,23015],{},"Building formatted output",[156,23017,23018],{},"Looping through settings and values",[156,23020,23021],{},"Showing names with scores",[156,23023,23024],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,23026,2324],{},[43,23028,23030],{"className":45,"code":23029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,23031,23032,23040,23058,23077,23089,23093,23097,23118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23033,23034,23036,23038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23035,13916],{"class":58},[52,23037,63],{"class":62},[52,23039,11581],{"class":66},[52,23041,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054,23056],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23043,11586],{"class":756},[52,23045,12582],{"class":760},[52,23047,757],{"class":756},[52,23049,1772],{"class":66},[52,23051,768],{"class":756},[52,23053,12591],{"class":760},[52,23055,757],{"class":756},[52,23057,11602],{"class":66},[52,23059,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23073,23075],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23061,11586],{"class":756},[52,23063,20217],{"class":760},[52,23065,757],{"class":756},[52,23067,1772],{"class":66},[52,23069,768],{"class":756},[52,23071,23072],{"class":760},"English",[52,23074,757],{"class":756},[52,23076,11602],{"class":66},[52,23078,23079,23081,23083,23085,23087],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,23080,11586],{"class":756},[52,23082,18618],{"class":760},[52,23084,757],{"class":756},[52,23086,1772],{"class":66},[52,23088,6506],{"class":674},[52,23090,23091],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,23092,9394],{"class":66},[52,23094,23095],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,23096,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,23098,23099,23101,23104,23106,23108,23110,23112,23114,23116],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,23100,1678],{"class":1195},[52,23102,23103],{"class":58}," setting",[52,23105,74],{"class":66},[52,23107,21679],{"class":58},[52,23109,1202],{"class":1195},[52,23111,13960],{"class":58},[52,23113,242],{"class":66},[52,23115,7894],{"class":108},[52,23117,21690],{"class":66},[52,23119,23120,23122,23124,23126,23128,23130,23133,23135,23138,23140,23142,23144,23146],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,23121,8154],{"class":101},[52,23123,105],{"class":66},[52,23125,22389],{"class":2184},[52,23127,757],{"class":760},[52,23129,9363],{"class":70},[52,23131,23132],{"class":108},"setting",[52,23134,22398],{"class":70},[52,23136,23137],{"class":760}," = ",[52,23139,9363],{"class":70},[52,23141,2588],{"class":108},[52,23143,22398],{"class":70},[52,23145,757],{"class":760},[52,23147,112],{"class":66},[20,23149,23150],{},[3842,23151,311],{},[43,23153,23155],{"className":45,"code":23154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,23156,23157,23167,23177],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23158,23159,23162,23164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23160,23161],{"class":58},"theme ",[52,23163,63],{"class":62},[52,23165,23166],{"class":58}," dark\n",[52,23168,23169,23172,23174],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23170,23171],{"class":58},"language ",[52,23173,63],{"class":62},[52,23175,23176],{"class":58}," English\n",[52,23178,23179,23182,23184],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23180,23181],{"class":58},"notifications ",[52,23183,63],{"class":62},[52,23185,6506],{"class":674},[38,23187,1766],{"id":1765},[20,23189,23190,23191,242],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,23192,17171],{},[461,23194,23196,23197,23199],{"id":23195},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,23198,17171],{}," incorrectly",[20,23201,23202,23203,23205,23206,23209],{},"Each result from ",[15,23204,17171],{}," has ",[3842,23207,23208],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,23211,6769],{},[43,23213,23214],{"className":45,"code":21625,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,23215,23216,23252,23256,23276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23217,23218,23220,23222,23224,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242,23244,23246,23248,23250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23219,13294],{"class":58},[52,23221,63],{"class":62},[52,23223,10577],{"class":66},[52,23225,757],{"class":756},[52,23227,7751],{"class":760},[52,23229,757],{"class":756},[52,23231,1772],{"class":66},[52,23233,768],{"class":756},[52,23235,12969],{"class":760},[52,23237,757],{"class":756},[52,23239,74],{"class":66},[52,23241,768],{"class":756},[52,23243,9384],{"class":760},[52,23245,757],{"class":756},[52,23247,1772],{"class":66},[52,23249,9391],{"class":70},[52,23251,9394],{"class":66},[52,23253,23254],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23255,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,23257,23258,23260,23262,23264,23266,23268,23270,23272,23274],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23259,1678],{"class":1195},[52,23261,21674],{"class":58},[52,23263,74],{"class":66},[52,23265,21679],{"class":58},[52,23267,1202],{"class":1195},[52,23269,13337],{"class":58},[52,23271,242],{"class":66},[52,23273,7894],{"class":108},[52,23275,21690],{"class":66},[52,23277,23278,23280,23282,23284,23286,23288],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,23279,8154],{"class":101},[52,23281,105],{"class":66},[52,23283,14932],{"class":108},[52,23285,74],{"class":66},[52,23287,348],{"class":108},[52,23289,112],{"class":66},[20,23291,23292],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[43,23294,23296],{"className":45,"code":23295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,23297,23298,23334,23338,23354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23299,23300,23302,23304,23306,23308,23310,23312,23314,23316,23318,23320,23322,23324,23326,23328,23330,23332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23301,13294],{"class":58},[52,23303,63],{"class":62},[52,23305,10577],{"class":66},[52,23307,757],{"class":756},[52,23309,7751],{"class":760},[52,23311,757],{"class":756},[52,23313,1772],{"class":66},[52,23315,768],{"class":756},[52,23317,12969],{"class":760},[52,23319,757],{"class":756},[52,23321,74],{"class":66},[52,23323,768],{"class":756},[52,23325,9384],{"class":760},[52,23327,757],{"class":756},[52,23329,1772],{"class":66},[52,23331,9391],{"class":70},[52,23333,9394],{"class":66},[52,23335,23336],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23337,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,23339,23340,23342,23344,23346,23348,23350,23352],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23341,1678],{"class":1195},[52,23343,18302],{"class":58},[52,23345,1202],{"class":1195},[52,23347,13337],{"class":58},[52,23349,242],{"class":66},[52,23351,7894],{"class":108},[52,23353,21690],{"class":66},[52,23355,23356,23358,23360,23362],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,23357,8154],{"class":101},[52,23359,105],{"class":66},[52,23361,14932],{"class":108},[52,23363,112],{"class":66},[20,23365,23366,23367,23369,23370,23373],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,23368,14932],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,23371,23372],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,23375,23376],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[43,23378,23380],{"className":45,"code":23379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23381,23382,23398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23383,23384,23386,23388,23390,23392,23394,23396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23385,1678],{"class":1195},[52,23387,6048],{"class":58},[52,23389,1202],{"class":1195},[52,23391,13337],{"class":58},[52,23393,242],{"class":66},[52,23395,7894],{"class":108},[52,23397,21690],{"class":66},[52,23399,23400,23402,23404,23407],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23401,8154],{"class":101},[52,23403,105],{"class":66},[52,23405,23406],{"class":108},"item",[52,23408,112],{"class":66},[20,23410,23411],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[43,23413,23415],{"className":45,"code":23414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23416,23417,23437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23418,23419,23421,23423,23425,23427,23429,23431,23433,23435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23420,1678],{"class":1195},[52,23422,21674],{"class":58},[52,23424,74],{"class":66},[52,23426,21679],{"class":58},[52,23428,1202],{"class":1195},[52,23430,13337],{"class":58},[52,23432,242],{"class":66},[52,23434,7894],{"class":108},[52,23436,21690],{"class":66},[52,23438,23439,23441,23443,23445,23447,23449],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23440,8154],{"class":101},[52,23442,105],{"class":66},[52,23444,14932],{"class":108},[52,23446,74],{"class":66},[52,23448,348],{"class":108},[52,23450,112],{"class":66},[461,23452,8538,23454,23456],{"id":23453},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,23455,17171],{}," to return a regular list",[20,23458,23459,22070,23461,23463],{},[15,23460,17171],{},[15,23462,22003],{}," object, not a list.",[20,23465,23466],{},"Check it:",[43,23468,23470],{"className":45,"code":23469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,23471,23472,23504,23508,23522,23540],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23473,23474,23476,23478,23480,23482,23484,23486,23488,23490,23492,23494,23496,23498,23500,23502],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23475,11812],{"class":58},[52,23477,63],{"class":62},[52,23479,10577],{"class":66},[52,23481,757],{"class":756},[52,23483,236],{"class":760},[52,23485,757],{"class":756},[52,23487,1772],{"class":66},[52,23489,5586],{"class":70},[52,23491,74],{"class":66},[52,23493,768],{"class":756},[52,23495,4853],{"class":760},[52,23497,757],{"class":756},[52,23499,1772],{"class":66},[52,23501,77],{"class":70},[52,23503,9394],{"class":66},[52,23505,23506],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23507,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,23509,23510,23512,23514,23516,23518,23520],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23511,118],{"class":101},[52,23513,105],{"class":66},[52,23515,11539],{"class":108},[52,23517,242],{"class":66},[52,23519,7894],{"class":108},[52,23521,7276],{"class":66},[52,23523,23524,23526,23528,23530,23532,23534,23536,23538],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,23525,118],{"class":101},[52,23527,105],{"class":66},[52,23529,1827],{"class":1184},[52,23531,105],{"class":66},[52,23533,11539],{"class":108},[52,23535,242],{"class":66},[52,23537,7894],{"class":108},[52,23539,6375],{"class":66},[52,23541,23542,23544,23546,23548,23550,23552,23554,23556],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,23543,118],{"class":101},[52,23545,105],{"class":66},[52,23547,8179],{"class":1184},[52,23549,105],{"class":66},[52,23551,11539],{"class":108},[52,23553,242],{"class":66},[52,23555,7894],{"class":108},[52,23557,6375],{"class":66},[20,23559,23560],{},[3842,23561,311],{},[43,23563,23565],{"className":45,"code":23564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23566,23567,23599,23613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23568,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583,23585,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23570,22003],{"class":108},[52,23572,9743],{"class":66},[52,23574,3406],{"class":756},[52,23576,236],{"class":760},[52,23578,3406],{"class":756},[52,23580,74],{"class":66},[52,23582,5586],{"class":70},[52,23584,9318],{"class":66},[52,23586,9321],{"class":66},[52,23588,3406],{"class":756},[52,23590,4853],{"class":760},[52,23592,3406],{"class":756},[52,23594,74],{"class":66},[52,23596,77],{"class":70},[52,23598,10766],{"class":66},[52,23600,23601,23603,23605,23607,23609,23611],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23602,3395],{"class":62},[52,23604,3398],{"class":2184},[52,23606,3401],{"class":756},[52,23608,22003],{"class":760},[52,23610,3406],{"class":756},[52,23612,3409],{"class":62},[52,23614,23615,23617,23619,23621,23623,23625,23627,23629,23631,23633,23635,23637,23639,23641],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23616,21835],{"class":66},[52,23618,3406],{"class":756},[52,23620,236],{"class":760},[52,23622,3406],{"class":756},[52,23624,74],{"class":66},[52,23626,5586],{"class":70},[52,23628,9318],{"class":66},[52,23630,9321],{"class":66},[52,23632,3406],{"class":756},[52,23634,4853],{"class":760},[52,23636,3406],{"class":756},[52,23638,74],{"class":66},[52,23640,77],{"class":70},[52,23642,9334],{"class":66},[461,23644,23646,23647],{"id":23645},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23648,17171],{},[20,23650,23651],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23653,23654],{},"Problem example:",[43,23656,23658],{"className":45,"code":23657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23659,23660,23704,23708,23728,23740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23661,23662,23664,23666,23668,23670,23672,23674,23676,23678,23680,23682,23684,23686,23688,23690,23692,23694,23696,23698,23700,23702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23663,59],{"class":58},[52,23665,63],{"class":62},[52,23667,10577],{"class":66},[52,23669,757],{"class":756},[52,23671,236],{"class":760},[52,23673,757],{"class":756},[52,23675,1772],{"class":66},[52,23677,5586],{"class":70},[52,23679,74],{"class":66},[52,23681,768],{"class":756},[52,23683,4853],{"class":760},[52,23685,757],{"class":756},[52,23687,1772],{"class":66},[52,23689,77],{"class":70},[52,23691,74],{"class":66},[52,23693,768],{"class":756},[52,23695,9825],{"class":760},[52,23697,757],{"class":756},[52,23699,1772],{"class":66},[52,23701,82],{"class":70},[52,23703,9394],{"class":66},[52,23705,23706],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23707,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,23709,23710,23712,23714,23716,23718,23720,23722,23724,23726],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23711,1678],{"class":1195},[52,23713,21674],{"class":58},[52,23715,74],{"class":66},[52,23717,21679],{"class":58},[52,23719,1202],{"class":1195},[52,23721,1686],{"class":58},[52,23723,242],{"class":66},[52,23725,7894],{"class":108},[52,23727,21690],{"class":66},[52,23729,23730,23732,23734,23736,23738],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,23731,6482],{"class":1195},[52,23733,21679],{"class":58},[52,23735,4780],{"class":62},[52,23737,77],{"class":70},[52,23739,1689],{"class":66},[52,23741,23742,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,23743,23744],{"class":58},"        numbers",[52,23746,3994],{"class":66},[52,23748,757],{"class":756},[52,23750,18861],{"class":760},[52,23752,757],{"class":756},[52,23754,13363],{"class":66},[52,23756,13366],{"class":62},[52,23758,23759],{"class":70}," 4\n",[20,23761,23762],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23764,23765],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[43,23767,23769],{"className":45,"code":23768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23770,23771,23815,23819,23844,23856,23874,23878],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23772,23773,23775,23777,23779,23781,23783,23785,23787,23789,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801,23803,23805,23807,23809,23811,23813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23774,59],{"class":58},[52,23776,63],{"class":62},[52,23778,10577],{"class":66},[52,23780,757],{"class":756},[52,23782,236],{"class":760},[52,23784,757],{"class":756},[52,23786,1772],{"class":66},[52,23788,5586],{"class":70},[52,23790,74],{"class":66},[52,23792,768],{"class":756},[52,23794,4853],{"class":760},[52,23796,757],{"class":756},[52,23798,1772],{"class":66},[52,23800,77],{"class":70},[52,23802,74],{"class":66},[52,23804,768],{"class":756},[52,23806,9825],{"class":760},[52,23808,757],{"class":756},[52,23810,1772],{"class":66},[52,23812,82],{"class":70},[52,23814,9394],{"class":66},[52,23816,23817],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23818,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,23820,23821,23823,23825,23827,23829,23831,23833,23835,23837,23839,23841],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23822,1678],{"class":1195},[52,23824,21674],{"class":58},[52,23826,74],{"class":66},[52,23828,21679],{"class":58},[52,23830,1202],{"class":1195},[52,23832,22655],{"class":1184},[52,23834,105],{"class":66},[52,23836,109],{"class":108},[52,23838,242],{"class":66},[52,23840,7894],{"class":108},[52,23842,23843],{"class":66},"()):\n",[52,23845,23846,23848,23850,23852,23854],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,23847,6482],{"class":1195},[52,23849,21679],{"class":58},[52,23851,4780],{"class":62},[52,23853,77],{"class":70},[52,23855,1689],{"class":66},[52,23857,23858,23860,23862,23864,23866,23868,23870,23872],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,23859,23744],{"class":58},[52,23861,3994],{"class":66},[52,23863,757],{"class":756},[52,23865,18861],{"class":760},[52,23867,757],{"class":756},[52,23869,13363],{"class":66},[52,23871,13366],{"class":62},[52,23873,23759],{"class":70},[52,23875,23876],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,23877,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,23879,23880,23882,23884,23886],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,23881,118],{"class":101},[52,23883,105],{"class":66},[52,23885,109],{"class":108},[52,23887,112],{"class":66},[461,23889,23891],{"id":23890},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23893,23894],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[43,23896,23898],{"className":45,"code":23897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23899,23900,23932,23936,23952],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23901,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928,23930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23903,9251],{"class":58},[52,23905,63],{"class":62},[52,23907,10577],{"class":66},[52,23909,757],{"class":756},[52,23911,1190],{"class":760},[52,23913,757],{"class":756},[52,23915,1772],{"class":66},[52,23917,270],{"class":70},[52,23919,74],{"class":66},[52,23921,768],{"class":756},[52,23923,1405],{"class":760},[52,23925,757],{"class":756},[52,23927,1772],{"class":66},[52,23929,7874],{"class":70},[52,23931,9394],{"class":66},[52,23933,23934],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23935,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,23937,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946,23948,23950],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,23939,1678],{"class":1195},[52,23941,6048],{"class":58},[52,23943,1202],{"class":1195},[52,23945,14657],{"class":58},[52,23947,242],{"class":66},[52,23949,7894],{"class":108},[52,23951,21690],{"class":66},[52,23953,23954,23956,23958,23960],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,23955,8154],{"class":101},[52,23957,105],{"class":66},[52,23959,23406],{"class":108},[52,23961,112],{"class":66},[20,23963,23964],{},[3842,23965,311],{},[43,23967,23969],{"className":45,"code":23968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23970,23971,23987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,23972,23973,23975,23977,23979,23981,23983,23985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,23974,105],{"class":66},[52,23976,3406],{"class":756},[52,23978,1190],{"class":760},[52,23980,3406],{"class":756},[52,23982,74],{"class":66},[52,23984,270],{"class":70},[52,23986,112],{"class":66},[52,23988,23989,23991,23993,23995,23997,23999,24001],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,23990,105],{"class":66},[52,23992,3406],{"class":756},[52,23994,1405],{"class":760},[52,23996,3406],{"class":756},[52,23998,74],{"class":66},[52,24000,7874],{"class":70},[52,24002,112],{"class":66},[20,24004,24005,24006,24008],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,24007,21750],{}," pair.",[38,24010,1919],{"id":1918},[461,24012,24014,24015,1926],{"id":24013},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,24016,17171],{},[20,24018,17515,24019,24021],{},[15,24020,22003],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[461,24023,12792,24025,24027],{"id":24024},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,24026,17171],{}," return a list?",[20,24029,24030,24031,24034],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,24032,24033],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[461,24036,24038,24039,1963],{"id":24037},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,24040,17171],{},[20,24042,24043],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[43,24045,24047],{"className":45,"code":24046,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,24048,24049,24069],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24050,24051,24053,24055,24057,24059,24061,24063,24065,24067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24052,1678],{"class":1195},[52,24054,21674],{"class":58},[52,24056,74],{"class":66},[52,24058,21679],{"class":58},[52,24060,1202],{"class":1195},[52,24062,11853],{"class":58},[52,24064,242],{"class":66},[52,24066,7894],{"class":108},[52,24068,21690],{"class":66},[52,24070,24071,24073,24075,24077,24079,24081],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24072,8154],{"class":101},[52,24074,105],{"class":66},[52,24076,14932],{"class":108},[52,24078,74],{"class":66},[52,24080,348],{"class":108},[52,24082,112],{"class":66},[461,24084,12792,24086,24088],{"id":24085},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,24087,17171],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,24090,24091],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[38,24093,1986],{"id":1985},[153,24095,24096,24102,24108,24113,24117],{},[156,24097,24098],{},[236,24099,10824,24100,10828],{"href":22982},[15,24101,17158],{},[156,24103,24104],{},[236,24105,10824,24106,10828],{"href":22990},[15,24107,17164],{},[156,24109,24110],{},[236,24111,24112],{"href":22569},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[156,24114,24115],{},[236,24116,9241],{"href":13112},[156,24118,24119],{},[236,24120,24121],{"href":21873},"What is a dictionary in Python",[2029,24123,24124],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":24126},[24127,24128,24130,24131,24132,24134,24135,24137,24139,24148,24158],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":21733,"depth":93,"text":24129},"What items() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":22064,"depth":93,"text":22065},{"id":22290,"depth":93,"text":24133},"Looping with items()",{"id":22573,"depth":93,"text":22574},{"id":22765,"depth":93,"text":24136},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":23000,"depth":93,"text":24138},"When to use items()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":24140},[24141,24143,24145,24147],{"id":23195,"depth":115,"text":24142},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":23453,"depth":115,"text":24144},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23645,"depth":115,"text":24146},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23890,"depth":115,"text":23891},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":24149},[24150,24152,24154,24156],{"id":24013,"depth":115,"text":24151},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":24024,"depth":115,"text":24153},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":24037,"depth":115,"text":24155},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":24085,"depth":115,"text":24157},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21601,"description":24159},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":24166,"title":24167,"body":24168,"description":26257,"extension":2083,"meta":26258,"navigation":296,"path":22982,"seo":26259,"stem":26260,"__hash__":26261},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":24169,"toc":26223},[24170,24175,24181,24184,24195,24202,24204,24287,24291,24338,24343,24348,24353,24355,24371,24373,24472,24476,24533,24536,24538,24541,24634,24638,24701,24704,24719,24724,24726,24728,24743,24745,24756,24758,24801,24804,24848,24851,24853,24859,24862,24879,24881,24974,24978,25019,25031,25035,25038,25126,25130,25150,25153,25180,25187,25192,25196,25207,25209,25313,25317,25343,25346,25413,25418,25421,25444,25449,25453,25458,25464,25469,25471,25526,25530,25557,25564,25570,25573,25598,25604,25630,25633,25708,25715,25720,25722,25761,25779,25783,25786,25829,25832,25834,25853,25855,25860,25885,25888,25958,25961,26034,26038,26040,26101,26104,26120,26122,26127,26132,26139,26148,26154,26160,26167,26173,26177,26182,26184,26220],[10,24171,11407,24173,11411],{"id":24172},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,24174,17158],{},[20,24176,24177,24178,24180],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,24179,17158],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24182,24183],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[153,24185,24186,24189,24192],{},[156,24187,24188],{},"view the available keys",[156,24190,24191],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[156,24193,24194],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,24196,24197,24199,24200,242],{},[15,24198,17158],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,24201,17107],{},[38,24203,41],{"id":40},[43,24205,24207],{"className":45,"code":24206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,24208,24209,24245,24259,24263,24273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24210,24211,24213,24215,24217,24219,24221,24223,24225,24227,24229,24231,24233,24235,24237,24239,24241,24243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24212,12952],{"class":58},[52,24214,63],{"class":62},[52,24216,10577],{"class":66},[52,24218,757],{"class":756},[52,24220,7751],{"class":760},[52,24222,757],{"class":756},[52,24224,1772],{"class":66},[52,24226,768],{"class":756},[52,24228,12969],{"class":760},[52,24230,757],{"class":756},[52,24232,74],{"class":66},[52,24234,768],{"class":756},[52,24236,9384],{"class":760},[52,24238,757],{"class":756},[52,24240,1772],{"class":66},[52,24242,7874],{"class":70},[52,24244,9394],{"class":66},[52,24246,24247,24249,24251,24253,24255,24257],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24248,17335],{"class":58},[52,24250,63],{"class":62},[52,24252,12995],{"class":58},[52,24254,242],{"class":66},[52,24256,17016],{"class":108},[52,24258,8729],{"class":66},[52,24260,24261],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,24262,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,24264,24265,24267,24269,24271],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,24266,118],{"class":101},[52,24268,105],{"class":66},[52,24270,17016],{"class":108},[52,24272,112],{"class":66},[52,24274,24275,24277,24279,24281,24283,24285],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,24276,118],{"class":101},[52,24278,105],{"class":66},[52,24280,8179],{"class":1184},[52,24282,105],{"class":66},[52,24284,17016],{"class":108},[52,24286,510],{"class":66},[20,24288,24289],{},[3842,24290,311],{},[43,24292,24294],{"className":45,"code":24293,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,24295,24296,24318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24297,24298,24300,24302,24304,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24299,17107],{"class":108},[52,24301,1058],{"class":66},[52,24303,3406],{"class":756},[52,24305,7751],{"class":760},[52,24307,3406],{"class":756},[52,24309,74],{"class":66},[52,24311,3401],{"class":756},[52,24313,9384],{"class":760},[52,24315,3406],{"class":756},[52,24317,1858],{"class":66},[52,24319,24320,24322,24324,24326,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24321,3994],{"class":66},[52,24323,3406],{"class":756},[52,24325,7751],{"class":760},[52,24327,3406],{"class":756},[52,24329,74],{"class":66},[52,24331,3401],{"class":756},[52,24333,9384],{"class":760},[52,24335,3406],{"class":756},[52,24337,90],{"class":66},[20,24339,133,24340,24342],{},[15,24341,17158],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[38,24344,140,24346,143],{"id":24345},"what-keys-does",[15,24347,17158],{},[20,24349,24350,24352],{},[15,24351,17158],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,24354,11548],{},[153,24356,24357,24360,24363,24368],{},[156,24358,24359],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[156,24361,24362],{},"It does not need any arguments",[156,24364,17515,24365,24367],{},[15,24366,17107],{}," view object, not a list",[156,24369,24370],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,24372,2324],{},[43,24374,24376],{"className":45,"code":24375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,24377,24378,24414,24418,24432,24436,24458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24379,24380,24382,24384,24386,24388,24390,24392,24394,24396,24398,24400,24402,24404,24406,24408,24410,24412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24381,13294],{"class":58},[52,24383,63],{"class":62},[52,24385,10577],{"class":66},[52,24387,757],{"class":756},[52,24389,7751],{"class":760},[52,24391,757],{"class":756},[52,24393,1772],{"class":66},[52,24395,768],{"class":756},[52,24397,13311],{"class":760},[52,24399,757],{"class":756},[52,24401,74],{"class":66},[52,24403,768],{"class":756},[52,24405,9384],{"class":760},[52,24407,757],{"class":756},[52,24409,1772],{"class":66},[52,24411,9391],{"class":70},[52,24413,9394],{"class":66},[52,24415,24416],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24417,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,24419,24420,24422,24424,24426,24428,24430],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,24421,118],{"class":101},[52,24423,105],{"class":66},[52,24425,17400],{"class":108},[52,24427,242],{"class":66},[52,24429,17016],{"class":108},[52,24431,7276],{"class":66},[52,24433,24434],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,24435,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,24437,24438,24440,24442,24444,24446,24448,24450,24452,24454,24456],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,24439,17400],{"class":58},[52,24441,3994],{"class":66},[52,24443,757],{"class":756},[52,24445,10495],{"class":760},[52,24447,757],{"class":756},[52,24449,13363],{"class":66},[52,24451,13366],{"class":62},[52,24453,768],{"class":756},[52,24455,10502],{"class":760},[52,24457,3465],{"class":756},[52,24459,24460,24462,24464,24466,24468,24470],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,24461,118],{"class":101},[52,24463,105],{"class":66},[52,24465,17400],{"class":108},[52,24467,242],{"class":66},[52,24469,17016],{"class":108},[52,24471,7276],{"class":66},[20,24473,24474],{},[3842,24475,311],{},[43,24477,24479],{"className":45,"code":24478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,24480,24481,24503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24482,24483,24485,24487,24489,24491,24493,24495,24497,24499,24501],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24484,17107],{"class":108},[52,24486,1058],{"class":66},[52,24488,3406],{"class":756},[52,24490,7751],{"class":760},[52,24492,3406],{"class":756},[52,24494,74],{"class":66},[52,24496,3401],{"class":756},[52,24498,9384],{"class":760},[52,24500,3406],{"class":756},[52,24502,1858],{"class":66},[52,24504,24505,24507,24509,24511,24513,24515,24517,24519,24521,24523,24525,24527,24529,24531],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24506,17107],{"class":108},[52,24508,1058],{"class":66},[52,24510,3406],{"class":756},[52,24512,7751],{"class":760},[52,24514,3406],{"class":756},[52,24516,74],{"class":66},[52,24518,3401],{"class":756},[52,24520,9384],{"class":760},[52,24522,3406],{"class":756},[52,24524,74],{"class":66},[52,24526,3401],{"class":756},[52,24528,10495],{"class":760},[52,24530,3406],{"class":756},[52,24532,1858],{"class":66},[20,24534,24535],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[38,24537,5875],{"id":5874},[20,24539,24540],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[43,24542,24544],{"className":45,"code":24543,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24545,24546,24598,24602,24616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24547,24548,24550,24552,24554,24556,24558,24560,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24549,9251],{"class":58},[52,24551,63],{"class":62},[52,24553,10577],{"class":66},[52,24555,757],{"class":756},[52,24557,7751],{"class":760},[52,24559,757],{"class":756},[52,24561,1772],{"class":66},[52,24563,768],{"class":756},[52,24565,12969],{"class":760},[52,24567,757],{"class":756},[52,24569,74],{"class":66},[52,24571,768],{"class":756},[52,24573,9384],{"class":760},[52,24575,757],{"class":756},[52,24577,1772],{"class":66},[52,24579,7874],{"class":70},[52,24581,74],{"class":66},[52,24583,768],{"class":756},[52,24585,19985],{"class":760},[52,24587,757],{"class":756},[52,24589,1772],{"class":66},[52,24591,768],{"class":756},[52,24593,22340],{"class":760},[52,24595,757],{"class":756},[52,24597,9394],{"class":66},[52,24599,24600],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24601,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,24603,24604,24606,24608,24610,24612,24614],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,24605,118],{"class":101},[52,24607,105],{"class":66},[52,24609,9289],{"class":108},[52,24611,242],{"class":66},[52,24613,17016],{"class":108},[52,24615,7276],{"class":66},[52,24617,24618,24620,24622,24624,24626,24628,24630,24632],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,24619,118],{"class":101},[52,24621,105],{"class":66},[52,24623,8179],{"class":1184},[52,24625,105],{"class":66},[52,24627,9289],{"class":108},[52,24629,242],{"class":66},[52,24631,17016],{"class":108},[52,24633,6375],{"class":66},[20,24635,24636],{},[3842,24637,311],{},[43,24639,24641],{"className":45,"code":24640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24642,24643,24673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24644,24645,24647,24649,24651,24653,24655,24657,24659,24661,24663,24665,24667,24669,24671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24646,17107],{"class":108},[52,24648,1058],{"class":66},[52,24650,3406],{"class":756},[52,24652,7751],{"class":760},[52,24654,3406],{"class":756},[52,24656,74],{"class":66},[52,24658,3401],{"class":756},[52,24660,9384],{"class":760},[52,24662,3406],{"class":756},[52,24664,74],{"class":66},[52,24666,3401],{"class":756},[52,24668,19985],{"class":760},[52,24670,3406],{"class":756},[52,24672,1858],{"class":66},[52,24674,24675,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685,24687,24689,24691,24693,24695,24697,24699],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24676,3994],{"class":66},[52,24678,3406],{"class":756},[52,24680,7751],{"class":760},[52,24682,3406],{"class":756},[52,24684,74],{"class":66},[52,24686,3401],{"class":756},[52,24688,9384],{"class":760},[52,24690,3406],{"class":756},[52,24692,74],{"class":66},[52,24694,3401],{"class":756},[52,24696,19985],{"class":760},[52,24698,3406],{"class":756},[52,24700,90],{"class":66},[20,24702,24703],{},"This shows two things:",[153,24705,24706,24713],{},[156,24707,24708,22070,24711,241],{},[15,24709,24710],{},"data.keys()",[15,24712,17107],{},[156,24714,24715,24718],{},[15,24716,24717],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24720,9237,24721,242],{},[236,24722,24723],{"href":9476},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[38,24725,5520],{"id":5519},[20,24727,2277],{},[43,24729,24731],{"className":45,"code":24730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24732,24733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24734,24735,24737,24739,24741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24736,11539],{"class":58},[52,24738,242],{"class":66},[52,24740,17016],{"class":108},[52,24742,8729],{"class":66},[20,24744,21895],{},[153,24746,24747,24750,24753],{},[156,24748,24749],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[156,24751,24752],{},"It takes no parameters",[156,24754,24755],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24757,16748],{},[43,24759,24761],{"className":45,"code":24760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24762,24763,24787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24764,24765,24767,24769,24771,24773,24775,24777,24779,24781,24783,24785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24766,12952],{"class":58},[52,24768,63],{"class":62},[52,24770,10577],{"class":66},[52,24772,757],{"class":756},[52,24774,7751],{"class":760},[52,24776,757],{"class":756},[52,24778,1772],{"class":66},[52,24780,768],{"class":756},[52,24782,12969],{"class":760},[52,24784,757],{"class":756},[52,24786,9394],{"class":66},[52,24788,24789,24791,24793,24795,24797,24799],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24790,118],{"class":101},[52,24792,105],{"class":66},[52,24794,13716],{"class":108},[52,24796,242],{"class":66},[52,24798,17016],{"class":108},[52,24800,7276],{"class":66},[20,24802,24803],{},"Incorrect:",[43,24805,24807],{"className":45,"code":24806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24808,24809,24833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24810,24811,24813,24815,24817,24819,24821,24823,24825,24827,24829,24831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24812,12952],{"class":58},[52,24814,63],{"class":62},[52,24816,10577],{"class":66},[52,24818,757],{"class":756},[52,24820,7751],{"class":760},[52,24822,757],{"class":756},[52,24824,1772],{"class":66},[52,24826,768],{"class":756},[52,24828,12969],{"class":760},[52,24830,757],{"class":756},[52,24832,9394],{"class":66},[52,24834,24835,24837,24839,24841,24843,24846],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24836,118],{"class":101},[52,24838,105],{"class":66},[52,24840,13716],{"class":108},[52,24842,242],{"class":66},[52,24844,17016],{"class":24845},"skxfh",[52,24847,112],{"class":66},[20,24849,24850],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[38,24852,17512],{"id":17511},[20,24854,24855,22070,24857,29],{},[15,24856,17158],{},[15,24858,17107],{},[20,24860,24861],{},"This object:",[153,24863,24864,24867,24870,24876],{},[156,24865,24866],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[156,24868,24869],{},"can be used in a loop",[156,24871,24872,24873],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24874,24875],{},"list()",[156,24877,24878],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24880,2324],{},[43,24882,24884],{"className":45,"code":24883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24885,24886,24927,24931,24946,24950,24960],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24887,24888,24891,24893,24895,24897,24900,24902,24904,24906,24909,24911,24913,24915,24918,24920,24922,24925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24889,24890],{"class":58},"car ",[52,24892,63],{"class":62},[52,24894,10577],{"class":66},[52,24896,757],{"class":756},[52,24898,24899],{"class":760},"brand",[52,24901,757],{"class":756},[52,24903,1772],{"class":66},[52,24905,768],{"class":756},[52,24907,24908],{"class":760},"Toyota",[52,24910,757],{"class":756},[52,24912,74],{"class":66},[52,24914,768],{"class":756},[52,24916,24917],{"class":760},"year",[52,24919,757],{"class":756},[52,24921,1772],{"class":66},[52,24923,24924],{"class":70}," 2020",[52,24926,9394],{"class":66},[52,24928,24929],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,24930,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,24932,24933,24935,24937,24940,24942,24944],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,24934,2347],{"class":58},[52,24936,63],{"class":62},[52,24938,24939],{"class":58}," car",[52,24941,242],{"class":66},[52,24943,17016],{"class":108},[52,24945,8729],{"class":66},[52,24947,24948],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,24949,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,24951,24952,24954,24956,24958],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,24953,118],{"class":101},[52,24955,105],{"class":66},[52,24957,2382],{"class":108},[52,24959,112],{"class":66},[52,24961,24962,24964,24966,24968,24970,24972],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,24963,118],{"class":101},[52,24965,105],{"class":66},[52,24967,1827],{"class":1184},[52,24969,105],{"class":66},[52,24971,2382],{"class":108},[52,24973,510],{"class":66},[20,24975,24976],{},[3842,24977,311],{},[43,24979,24981],{"className":45,"code":24980,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24982,24983,25005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,24984,24985,24987,24989,24991,24993,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,24986,17107],{"class":108},[52,24988,1058],{"class":66},[52,24990,3406],{"class":756},[52,24992,24899],{"class":760},[52,24994,3406],{"class":756},[52,24996,74],{"class":66},[52,24998,3401],{"class":756},[52,25000,24917],{"class":760},[52,25002,3406],{"class":756},[52,25004,1858],{"class":66},[52,25006,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25008,3395],{"class":62},[52,25010,3398],{"class":2184},[52,25012,3401],{"class":756},[52,25014,17107],{"class":760},[52,25016,3406],{"class":756},[52,25018,3409],{"class":62},[20,25020,25021,25022,25026,25027,242],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[236,25023,10824,25024,10828],{"href":17161},[15,25025,17164],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[236,25028,10824,25029,10828],{"href":17168},[15,25030,17171],{},[38,25032,25034],{"id":25033},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,25036,25037],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[43,25039,25041],{"className":45,"code":25040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25042,25043,25096,25100,25116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25044,25045,25047,25049,25051,25053,25055,25057,25059,25061,25063,25065,25067,25069,25071,25073,25075,25077,25079,25081,25083,25085,25087,25089,25092,25094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25046,12952],{"class":58},[52,25048,63],{"class":62},[52,25050,10577],{"class":66},[52,25052,757],{"class":756},[52,25054,7751],{"class":760},[52,25056,757],{"class":756},[52,25058,1772],{"class":66},[52,25060,768],{"class":756},[52,25062,12969],{"class":760},[52,25064,757],{"class":756},[52,25066,74],{"class":66},[52,25068,768],{"class":756},[52,25070,9384],{"class":760},[52,25072,757],{"class":756},[52,25074,1772],{"class":66},[52,25076,7874],{"class":70},[52,25078,74],{"class":66},[52,25080,768],{"class":756},[52,25082,15420],{"class":760},[52,25084,757],{"class":756},[52,25086,1772],{"class":66},[52,25088,768],{"class":756},[52,25090,25091],{"class":760},"Math",[52,25093,757],{"class":756},[52,25095,9394],{"class":66},[52,25097,25098],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25099,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,25101,25102,25104,25106,25108,25110,25112,25114],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25103,1678],{"class":1195},[52,25105,18302],{"class":58},[52,25107,1202],{"class":1195},[52,25109,12995],{"class":58},[52,25111,242],{"class":66},[52,25113,17016],{"class":108},[52,25115,21690],{"class":66},[52,25117,25118,25120,25122,25124],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,25119,8154],{"class":101},[52,25121,105],{"class":66},[52,25123,14932],{"class":108},[52,25125,112],{"class":66},[20,25127,25128],{},[3842,25129,311],{},[43,25131,25133],{"className":45,"code":25132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,25134,25135,25140,25145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25136,25137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25138,25139],{"class":58},"name\n",[52,25141,25142],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25143,25144],{"class":58},"age\n",[52,25146,25147],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25148,25149],{"class":58},"course\n",[20,25151,25152],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[43,25154,25156],{"className":45,"code":25155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,25157,25158,25170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25159,25160,25162,25164,25166,25168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25161,1678],{"class":1195},[52,25163,18302],{"class":58},[52,25165,1202],{"class":1195},[52,25167,12995],{"class":58},[52,25169,1689],{"class":66},[52,25171,25172,25174,25176,25178],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25173,8154],{"class":101},[52,25175,105],{"class":66},[52,25177,14932],{"class":108},[52,25179,112],{"class":66},[20,25181,25182,25183,25186],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,25184,25185],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[38,25188,5054,25190],{"id":25189},"when-to-use-keys",[15,25191,17158],{},[20,25193,133,25194,10688],{},[15,25195,17158],{},[153,25197,25198,25201,25204],{},[156,25199,25200],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[156,25202,25203],{},"you want to display available fields",[156,25205,25206],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,25208,2324],{},[43,25210,25212],{"className":45,"code":25211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,25213,25214,25267,25271,25286,25303],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25215,25216,25219,25221,25223,25225,25227,25229,25231,25233,25236,25238,25240,25242,25245,25247,25249,25252,25254,25256,25259,25261,25263,25265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25217,25218],{"class":58},"product ",[52,25220,63],{"class":62},[52,25222,10577],{"class":66},[52,25224,757],{"class":756},[52,25226,7751],{"class":760},[52,25228,757],{"class":756},[52,25230,1772],{"class":66},[52,25232,768],{"class":756},[52,25234,25235],{"class":760},"Book",[52,25237,757],{"class":756},[52,25239,74],{"class":66},[52,25241,768],{"class":756},[52,25243,25244],{"class":760},"price",[52,25246,757],{"class":756},[52,25248,1772],{"class":66},[52,25250,25251],{"class":70}," 12.99",[52,25253,74],{"class":66},[52,25255,768],{"class":756},[52,25257,25258],{"class":760},"stock",[52,25260,757],{"class":756},[52,25262,1772],{"class":66},[52,25264,4696],{"class":70},[52,25266,9394],{"class":66},[52,25268,25269],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25270,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,25272,25273,25275,25277,25279,25282,25284],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25274,118],{"class":101},[52,25276,105],{"class":66},[52,25278,757],{"class":756},[52,25280,25281],{"class":760},"Available fields:",[52,25283,757],{"class":756},[52,25285,112],{"class":66},[52,25287,25288,25290,25292,25294,25297,25299,25301],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,25289,1678],{"class":1195},[52,25291,18302],{"class":58},[52,25293,1202],{"class":1195},[52,25295,25296],{"class":58}," product",[52,25298,242],{"class":66},[52,25300,17016],{"class":108},[52,25302,21690],{"class":66},[52,25304,25305,25307,25309,25311],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,25306,8154],{"class":101},[52,25308,105],{"class":66},[52,25310,14932],{"class":108},[52,25312,112],{"class":66},[20,25314,25315],{},[3842,25316,311],{},[43,25318,25320],{"className":45,"code":25319,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,25321,25322,25329,25333,25338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25323,25324,25327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25325,25326],{"class":58},"Available fields",[52,25328,1689],{"class":66},[52,25330,25331],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25332,25139],{"class":58},[52,25334,25335],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25336,25337],{"class":58},"price\n",[52,25339,25340],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,25341,25342],{"class":58},"stock\n",[20,25344,25345],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[43,25347,25349],{"className":45,"code":25348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,25350,25351,25387,25391],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25352,25353,25355,25357,25359,25361,25363,25365,25367,25369,25371,25373,25375,25377,25379,25381,25383,25385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25354,25218],{"class":58},[52,25356,63],{"class":62},[52,25358,10577],{"class":66},[52,25360,757],{"class":756},[52,25362,7751],{"class":760},[52,25364,757],{"class":756},[52,25366,1772],{"class":66},[52,25368,768],{"class":756},[52,25370,25235],{"class":760},[52,25372,757],{"class":756},[52,25374,74],{"class":66},[52,25376,768],{"class":756},[52,25378,25244],{"class":760},[52,25380,757],{"class":756},[52,25382,1772],{"class":66},[52,25384,25251],{"class":70},[52,25386,9394],{"class":66},[52,25388,25389],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25390,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,25392,25393,25395,25397,25399,25401,25403,25405,25407,25409,25411],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25394,118],{"class":101},[52,25396,105],{"class":66},[52,25398,757],{"class":756},[52,25400,7751],{"class":760},[52,25402,757],{"class":756},[52,25404,21268],{"class":1195},[52,25406,25296],{"class":108},[52,25408,242],{"class":66},[52,25410,17016],{"class":108},[52,25412,7276],{"class":66},[20,25414,25415,25416,242],{},"This works and returns ",[15,25417,173],{},[20,25419,25420],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[43,25422,25424],{"className":45,"code":25423,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,25425,25426],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25427,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440,25442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25429,118],{"class":101},[52,25431,105],{"class":66},[52,25433,757],{"class":756},[52,25435,7751],{"class":760},[52,25437,757],{"class":756},[52,25439,21268],{"class":1195},[52,25441,25296],{"class":108},[52,25443,112],{"class":66},[20,25445,25446,25447,242],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[236,25448,21301],{"href":17246},[38,25450,25452],{"id":25451},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,25454,25455,25456,242],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,25457,17158],{},[461,25459,8538,25461,25463],{"id":25460},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,25462,17158],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,25465,25466,25468],{},[15,25467,17158],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,25470,2324],{},[43,25472,25474],{"className":45,"code":25473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,25475,25476,25512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25477,25478,25480,25482,25484,25486,25488,25490,25492,25494,25496,25498,25500,25502,25504,25506,25508,25510],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25479,9251],{"class":58},[52,25481,63],{"class":62},[52,25483,10577],{"class":66},[52,25485,757],{"class":756},[52,25487,7751],{"class":760},[52,25489,757],{"class":756},[52,25491,1772],{"class":66},[52,25493,768],{"class":756},[52,25495,12969],{"class":760},[52,25497,757],{"class":756},[52,25499,74],{"class":66},[52,25501,768],{"class":756},[52,25503,9384],{"class":760},[52,25505,757],{"class":756},[52,25507,1772],{"class":66},[52,25509,7874],{"class":70},[52,25511,9394],{"class":66},[52,25513,25514,25516,25518,25520,25522,25524],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25515,118],{"class":101},[52,25517,105],{"class":66},[52,25519,9289],{"class":108},[52,25521,242],{"class":66},[52,25523,17016],{"class":108},[52,25525,7276],{"class":66},[20,25527,25528],{},[3842,25529,311],{},[43,25531,25533],{"className":45,"code":25532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25534,25535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25536,25537,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549,25551,25553,25555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25538,17107],{"class":108},[52,25540,1058],{"class":66},[52,25542,3406],{"class":756},[52,25544,7751],{"class":760},[52,25546,3406],{"class":756},[52,25548,74],{"class":66},[52,25550,3401],{"class":756},[52,25552,9384],{"class":760},[52,25554,3406],{"class":756},[52,25556,1858],{"class":66},[20,25558,25559,25560,242],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[236,25561,25562],{"href":17168},[15,25563,17171],{},[461,25565,25567,25568],{"id":25566},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25569,17107],{},[20,25571,25572],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[43,25574,25576],{"className":45,"code":25575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25577,25578],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25579,25580,25582,25584,25586,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25581,3994],{"class":66},[52,25583,3406],{"class":756},[52,25585,7751],{"class":760},[52,25587,3406],{"class":756},[52,25589,74],{"class":66},[52,25591,3401],{"class":756},[52,25593,9384],{"class":760},[52,25595,3406],{"class":756},[52,25597,90],{"class":66},[20,25599,25600,25601,25603],{},"But ",[15,25602,17158],{}," returns:",[43,25605,25606],{"className":45,"code":25532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,25607,25608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25609,25610,25612,25614,25616,25618,25620,25622,25624,25626,25628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25611,17107],{"class":108},[52,25613,1058],{"class":66},[52,25615,3406],{"class":756},[52,25617,7751],{"class":760},[52,25619,3406],{"class":756},[52,25621,74],{"class":66},[52,25623,3401],{"class":756},[52,25625,9384],{"class":760},[52,25627,3406],{"class":756},[52,25629,1858],{"class":66},[20,25631,25632],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[43,25634,25636],{"className":45,"code":25635,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25637,25638,25674,25693,25697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25639,25640,25642,25644,25646,25648,25650,25652,25654,25656,25658,25660,25662,25664,25666,25668,25670,25672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25641,9251],{"class":58},[52,25643,63],{"class":62},[52,25645,10577],{"class":66},[52,25647,757],{"class":756},[52,25649,7751],{"class":760},[52,25651,757],{"class":756},[52,25653,1772],{"class":66},[52,25655,768],{"class":756},[52,25657,12969],{"class":760},[52,25659,757],{"class":756},[52,25661,74],{"class":66},[52,25663,768],{"class":756},[52,25665,9384],{"class":760},[52,25667,757],{"class":756},[52,25669,1772],{"class":66},[52,25671,7874],{"class":70},[52,25673,9394],{"class":66},[52,25675,25676,25679,25681,25683,25685,25687,25689,25691],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25677,25678],{"class":58},"key_list ",[52,25680,63],{"class":62},[52,25682,22655],{"class":1184},[52,25684,105],{"class":66},[52,25686,9289],{"class":108},[52,25688,242],{"class":66},[52,25690,17016],{"class":108},[52,25692,7276],{"class":66},[52,25694,25695],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25696,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,25698,25699,25701,25703,25706],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,25700,118],{"class":101},[52,25702,105],{"class":66},[52,25704,25705],{"class":108},"key_list",[52,25707,112],{"class":66},[461,25709,25711,25712,25714],{"id":25710},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25713,17158],{}," on a list or string",[20,25716,25717,25719],{},[15,25718,17158],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25721,739],{},[43,25723,25725],{"className":45,"code":25724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25726,25727,25747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25728,25729,25731,25733,25735,25737,25739,25741,25743,25745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25730,59],{"class":58},[52,25732,63],{"class":62},[52,25734,67],{"class":66},[52,25736,71],{"class":70},[52,25738,74],{"class":66},[52,25740,77],{"class":70},[52,25742,74],{"class":66},[52,25744,82],{"class":70},[52,25746,90],{"class":66},[52,25748,25749,25751,25753,25755,25757,25759],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25750,118],{"class":101},[52,25752,105],{"class":66},[52,25754,109],{"class":108},[52,25756,242],{"class":66},[52,25758,17016],{"class":108},[52,25760,7276],{"class":66},[20,25762,25763,25764,25767,25768,25770,25771,242],{},"You may get an ",[15,25765,25766],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25769,17158],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[236,25772,25774,25775,25778],{"href":25773},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25776,25777],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[461,25780,25782],{"id":25781},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25784,25785],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[43,25787,25789],{"className":45,"code":25788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25790,25791,25815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25792,25793,25795,25797,25799,25801,25803,25805,25807,25809,25811,25813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25794,9251],{"class":58},[52,25796,63],{"class":62},[52,25798,10577],{"class":66},[52,25800,757],{"class":756},[52,25802,7751],{"class":760},[52,25804,757],{"class":756},[52,25806,1772],{"class":66},[52,25808,768],{"class":756},[52,25810,12969],{"class":760},[52,25812,757],{"class":756},[52,25814,9394],{"class":66},[52,25816,25817,25819,25821,25823,25825,25827],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25818,118],{"class":101},[52,25820,105],{"class":66},[52,25822,9289],{"class":108},[52,25824,242],{"class":66},[52,25826,17016],{"class":24845},[52,25828,112],{"class":66},[20,25830,25831],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25833,18788],{},[43,25835,25837],{"className":45,"code":25836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25838,25839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25840,25841,25843,25845,25847,25849,25851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25842,118],{"class":101},[52,25844,105],{"class":66},[52,25846,9289],{"class":108},[52,25848,242],{"class":66},[52,25850,17016],{"class":108},[52,25852,7276],{"class":66},[38,25854,1766],{"id":1765},[20,25856,25857,25858,1772],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25859,17158],{},[153,25861,25862,25867,25873,25879],{},[156,25863,1372,25864,25866],{},[15,25865,17158],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[156,25868,25869,25870,25872],{},"Thinking ",[15,25871,17158],{}," returns values too",[156,25874,25875,25876,25878],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25877,17107],{}," like a normal list",[156,25880,25881,25882,25884],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25883,17107],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25886,25887],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[43,25889,25891],{"className":45,"code":25890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25892,25893,25925,25939,25943,25953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25894,25895,25897,25899,25901,25903,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25896,9251],{"class":58},[52,25898,63],{"class":62},[52,25900,10577],{"class":66},[52,25902,757],{"class":756},[52,25904,236],{"class":760},[52,25906,757],{"class":756},[52,25908,1772],{"class":66},[52,25910,5586],{"class":70},[52,25912,74],{"class":66},[52,25914,768],{"class":756},[52,25916,4853],{"class":760},[52,25918,757],{"class":756},[52,25920,1772],{"class":66},[52,25922,77],{"class":70},[52,25924,9394],{"class":66},[52,25926,25927,25929,25931,25933,25935,25937],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,25928,17335],{"class":58},[52,25930,63],{"class":62},[52,25932,14657],{"class":58},[52,25934,242],{"class":66},[52,25936,17016],{"class":108},[52,25938,8729],{"class":66},[52,25940,25941],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,25942,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,25944,25945,25947,25949,25951],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,25946,118],{"class":101},[52,25948,105],{"class":66},[52,25950,17016],{"class":108},[52,25952,112],{"class":66},[52,25954,25955],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,25956,25957],{"class":129},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25959,25960],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[43,25962,25964],{"className":45,"code":25963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25965,25966,25998,26016,26020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,25967,25968,25970,25972,25974,25976,25978,25980,25982,25984,25986,25988,25990,25992,25994,25996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,25969,9251],{"class":58},[52,25971,63],{"class":62},[52,25973,10577],{"class":66},[52,25975,757],{"class":756},[52,25977,236],{"class":760},[52,25979,757],{"class":756},[52,25981,1772],{"class":66},[52,25983,5586],{"class":70},[52,25985,74],{"class":66},[52,25987,768],{"class":756},[52,25989,4853],{"class":760},[52,25991,757],{"class":756},[52,25993,1772],{"class":66},[52,25995,77],{"class":70},[52,25997,9394],{"class":66},[52,25999,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,26001,17335],{"class":58},[52,26003,63],{"class":62},[52,26005,22655],{"class":1184},[52,26007,105],{"class":66},[52,26009,9289],{"class":108},[52,26011,242],{"class":66},[52,26013,17016],{"class":108},[52,26015,7276],{"class":66},[52,26017,26018],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26019,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,26021,26022,26024,26026,26028,26030,26032],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,26023,118],{"class":101},[52,26025,105],{"class":66},[52,26027,17016],{"class":108},[52,26029,3994],{"class":66},[52,26031,207],{"class":70},[52,26033,1858],{"class":66},[38,26035,26037],{"id":26036},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,26039,11201],{},[43,26041,26043],{"className":45,"code":26042,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,26044,26045,26059,26069,26083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26046,26047,26049,26051,26053,26055,26057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26048,118],{"class":101},[52,26050,105],{"class":66},[52,26052,1827],{"class":1184},[52,26054,105],{"class":66},[52,26056,11539],{"class":108},[52,26058,510],{"class":66},[52,26060,26061,26063,26065,26067],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,26062,118],{"class":101},[52,26064,105],{"class":66},[52,26066,11539],{"class":108},[52,26068,112],{"class":66},[52,26070,26071,26073,26075,26077,26079,26081],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26072,118],{"class":101},[52,26074,105],{"class":66},[52,26076,11539],{"class":108},[52,26078,242],{"class":66},[52,26080,17016],{"class":108},[52,26082,7276],{"class":66},[52,26084,26085,26087,26089,26091,26093,26095,26097,26099],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,26086,118],{"class":101},[52,26088,105],{"class":66},[52,26090,8179],{"class":1184},[52,26092,105],{"class":66},[52,26094,11539],{"class":108},[52,26096,242],{"class":66},[52,26098,17016],{"class":108},[52,26100,6375],{"class":66},[20,26102,26103],{},"These help you confirm:",[153,26105,26106,26109,26112,26117],{},[156,26107,26108],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[156,26110,26111],{},"what data it contains",[156,26113,26114,26115,11793],{},"what ",[15,26116,17158],{},[156,26118,26119],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[38,26121,1919],{"id":1918},[461,26123,24014,26125,1926],{"id":26124},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,26126,17158],{},[20,26128,17515,26129,26131],{},[15,26130,17107],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[461,26133,14994,26135,26138],{"id":26134},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,26136,26137],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,26140,26141,26142,26144,26145,242],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,26143,17107],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,26146,26147],{},"list(dict.keys())",[461,26149,26151,26152,1963],{"id":26150},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,26153,26137],{},[20,26155,26156,26157,26159],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,26158,1678],{}," loop.",[461,26161,26163,26164,26166],{"id":26162},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,26165,17158],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,26168,26169,26170,26172],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,26171,17158],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[461,26174,26176],{"id":26175},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,26178,133,26179,242],{},[15,26180,26181],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[38,26183,1986],{"id":1985},[153,26185,26186,26191,26197,26203,26209,26213],{},[156,26187,26188],{},[236,26189,26190],{"href":9476},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[156,26192,26193],{},[236,26194,10824,26195,10828],{"href":17161},[15,26196,17164],{},[156,26198,26199],{},[236,26200,10824,26201,10828],{"href":17168},[15,26202,17171],{},[156,26204,26205],{},[236,26206,26208],{"href":26207},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[156,26210,26211],{},[236,26212,17247],{"href":17246},[156,26214,26215],{},[236,26216,26217,26218,25778],{"href":25773},"How to fix ",[15,26219,25777],{},[2029,26221,26222],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":26224},[26225,26226,26228,26229,26230,26231,26232,26234,26243,26244,26245,26256],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":24345,"depth":93,"text":26227},"What keys() does",{"id":5874,"depth":93,"text":5875},{"id":5519,"depth":93,"text":5520},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":25033,"depth":93,"text":25034},{"id":25189,"depth":93,"text":26233},"When to use keys()",{"id":25451,"depth":93,"text":25452,"children":26235},[26236,26238,26240,26242],{"id":25460,"depth":115,"text":26237},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25566,"depth":115,"text":26239},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25710,"depth":115,"text":26241},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25781,"depth":115,"text":25782},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":26036,"depth":93,"text":26037},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":26246},[26247,26249,26251,26253,26255],{"id":26124,"depth":115,"text":26248},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":26134,"depth":115,"text":26250},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":26150,"depth":115,"text":26252},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":26162,"depth":115,"text":26254},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":26175,"depth":115,"text":26176},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":24167,"description":26257},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":26263,"title":26264,"body":26265,"description":28537,"extension":2083,"meta":28538,"navigation":296,"path":28539,"seo":28540,"stem":28541,"__hash__":28542},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":26266,"toc":28490},[26267,26272,26277,26280,26282,26428,26441,26446,26450,26464,26466,26569,26578,26580,26583,26621,26646,26648,26755,26757,26764,26767,26775,26777,26917,26925,26930,26934,26945,26947,27109,27112,27120,27127,27133,27230,27236,27313,27316,27328,27333,27339,27342,27346,27435,27438,27442,27546,27553,27640,27649,27651,27656,27662,27665,27711,27714,27780,27789,27795,27888,27894,27900,27943,27946,28011,28017,28109,28112,28116,28122,28147,28150,28246,28253,28255,28260,28351,28353,28381,28386,28388,28395,28398,28402,28412,28417,28420,28427,28437,28444,28452,28454,28487],[10,26268,11407,26270,11411],{"id":26269},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,26271,12851],{},[20,26273,26274,26276],{},[15,26275,12657],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,26278,26279],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[38,26281,3712],{"id":3711},[43,26283,26285],{"className":45,"code":26284,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,26286,26287,26323,26347,26361,26374,26378,26383,26415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26288,26289,26291,26293,26295,26297,26299,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26290,13294],{"class":58},[52,26292,63],{"class":62},[52,26294,10577],{"class":66},[52,26296,757],{"class":756},[52,26298,7751],{"class":760},[52,26300,757],{"class":756},[52,26302,1772],{"class":66},[52,26304,768],{"class":756},[52,26306,12969],{"class":760},[52,26308,757],{"class":756},[52,26310,74],{"class":66},[52,26312,768],{"class":756},[52,26314,9384],{"class":760},[52,26316,757],{"class":756},[52,26318,1772],{"class":66},[52,26320,9391],{"class":70},[52,26322,9394],{"class":66},[52,26324,26325,26328,26330,26332,26334,26337,26339,26341,26343,26345],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,26326,26327],{"class":58},"removed_age ",[52,26329,63],{"class":62},[52,26331,13337],{"class":58},[52,26333,242],{"class":66},[52,26335,26336],{"class":108},"pop",[52,26338,105],{"class":66},[52,26340,757],{"class":756},[52,26342,9384],{"class":760},[52,26344,757],{"class":756},[52,26346,112],{"class":66},[52,26348,26349,26351,26353,26356,26358],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26350,118],{"class":101},[52,26352,105],{"class":66},[52,26354,26355],{"class":108},"removed_age",[52,26357,126],{"class":66},[52,26359,26360],{"class":129},"   # 25\n",[52,26362,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,26364,118],{"class":101},[52,26366,105],{"class":66},[52,26368,17400],{"class":108},[52,26370,126],{"class":66},[52,26372,26373],{"class":129},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[52,26375,26376],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,26377,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,26379,26380],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,26381,26382],{"class":129},"# Safe version with default value\n",[52,26384,26385,26388,26390,26392,26394,26396,26398,26400,26402,26404,26406,26408,26411,26413],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,26386,26387],{"class":58},"country ",[52,26389,63],{"class":62},[52,26391,13337],{"class":58},[52,26393,242],{"class":66},[52,26395,26336],{"class":108},[52,26397,105],{"class":66},[52,26399,757],{"class":756},[52,26401,15353],{"class":760},[52,26403,757],{"class":756},[52,26405,74],{"class":66},[52,26407,768],{"class":756},[52,26409,26410],{"class":760},"Not found",[52,26412,757],{"class":756},[52,26414,112],{"class":66},[52,26416,26417,26419,26421,26423,26425],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,26418,118],{"class":101},[52,26420,105],{"class":66},[52,26422,15353],{"class":108},[52,26424,126],{"class":66},[52,26426,26427],{"class":129},"       # Not found\n",[20,26429,133,26430,26433,26434,26437,26438,26440],{},[15,26431,26432],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,26435,26436],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,26439,19781],{}," when the key might not exist.",[38,26442,140,26444,143],{"id":26443},"what-dictpop-does",[15,26445,12657],{},[20,26447,26448,1772],{},[15,26449,12657],{},[153,26451,26452,26455,26458,26461],{},[156,26453,26454],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[156,26456,26457],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[156,26459,26460],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[156,26462,26463],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,26465,2324],{},[43,26467,26469],{"className":45,"code":26468,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,26470,26471,26511,26515,26538,26542,26556],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26472,26473,26475,26477,26479,26481,26483,26485,26487,26489,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26505,26507,26509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26474,11576],{"class":58},[52,26476,63],{"class":62},[52,26478,10577],{"class":66},[52,26480,757],{"class":756},[52,26482,7751],{"class":760},[52,26484,757],{"class":756},[52,26486,1772],{"class":66},[52,26488,768],{"class":756},[52,26490,13311],{"class":760},[52,26492,757],{"class":756},[52,26494,74],{"class":66},[52,26496,768],{"class":756},[52,26498,10495],{"class":760},[52,26500,757],{"class":756},[52,26502,1772],{"class":66},[52,26504,768],{"class":756},[52,26506,10502],{"class":760},[52,26508,757],{"class":756},[52,26510,9394],{"class":66},[52,26512,26513],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,26514,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,26516,26517,26520,26522,26524,26526,26528,26530,26532,26534,26536],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26518,26519],{"class":58},"removed_city ",[52,26521,63],{"class":62},[52,26523,11659],{"class":58},[52,26525,242],{"class":66},[52,26527,26336],{"class":108},[52,26529,105],{"class":66},[52,26531,757],{"class":756},[52,26533,10495],{"class":760},[52,26535,757],{"class":756},[52,26537,112],{"class":66},[52,26539,26540],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,26541,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,26543,26544,26546,26548,26551,26553],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,26545,118],{"class":101},[52,26547,105],{"class":66},[52,26549,26550],{"class":108},"removed_city",[52,26552,126],{"class":66},[52,26554,26555],{"class":129},"  # Paris\n",[52,26557,26558,26560,26562,26564,26566],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,26559,118],{"class":101},[52,26561,105],{"class":66},[52,26563,11670],{"class":108},[52,26565,126],{"class":66},[52,26567,26568],{"class":129},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26570,20865,26571,26574,26575,242],{},[15,26572,26573],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26576,26577],{},"\"Paris\"",[38,26579,181],{"id":180},[20,26581,26582],{},"There are two common forms:",[43,26584,26586],{"className":45,"code":26585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26587,26588,26602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26589,26590,26592,26594,26596,26598,26600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26591,11539],{"class":58},[52,26593,242],{"class":66},[52,26595,26336],{"class":108},[52,26597,105],{"class":66},[52,26599,14932],{"class":108},[52,26601,112],{"class":66},[52,26603,26604,26606,26608,26610,26612,26614,26616,26619],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,26605,11539],{"class":58},[52,26607,242],{"class":66},[52,26609,26336],{"class":108},[52,26611,105],{"class":66},[52,26613,14932],{"class":108},[52,26615,74],{"class":66},[52,26617,26618],{"class":108}," default",[52,26620,112],{"class":66},[153,26622,26623,26629,26637,26643],{},[156,26624,26625,26628],{},[15,26626,26627],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[156,26630,26631,26633,26634,26636],{},[15,26632,26627],{}," raises ",[15,26635,19781],{}," if the key is missing",[156,26638,26639,26642],{},[15,26640,26641],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[156,26644,26645],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26647,2324],{},[43,26649,26651],{"className":45,"code":26650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26652,26653,26685,26689,26714,26742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26654,26655,26657,26659,26661,26663,26665,26667,26669,26671,26673,26675,26677,26679,26681,26683],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26656,5157],{"class":58},[52,26658,63],{"class":62},[52,26660,10577],{"class":66},[52,26662,757],{"class":756},[52,26664,18510],{"class":760},[52,26666,757],{"class":756},[52,26668,1772],{"class":66},[52,26670,19992],{"class":70},[52,26672,74],{"class":66},[52,26674,768],{"class":756},[52,26676,18519],{"class":760},[52,26678,757],{"class":756},[52,26680,1772],{"class":66},[52,26682,13597],{"class":70},[52,26684,9394],{"class":66},[52,26686,26687],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,26688,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,26690,26691,26693,26695,26697,26699,26701,26703,26705,26707,26709,26711],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26692,118],{"class":101},[52,26694,105],{"class":66},[52,26696,16481],{"class":108},[52,26698,242],{"class":66},[52,26700,26336],{"class":108},[52,26702,105],{"class":66},[52,26704,757],{"class":756},[52,26706,18510],{"class":760},[52,26708,757],{"class":756},[52,26710,5450],{"class":66},[52,26712,26713],{"class":129},"         # 90\n",[52,26715,26716,26718,26720,26722,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732,26734,26736,26738,26740],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,26717,118],{"class":101},[52,26719,105],{"class":66},[52,26721,16481],{"class":108},[52,26723,242],{"class":66},[52,26725,26336],{"class":108},[52,26727,105],{"class":66},[52,26729,757],{"class":756},[52,26731,18528],{"class":760},[52,26733,757],{"class":756},[52,26735,74],{"class":66},[52,26737,3933],{"class":70},[52,26739,5450],{"class":66},[52,26741,20862],{"class":129},[52,26743,26744,26746,26748,26750,26752],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,26745,118],{"class":101},[52,26747,105],{"class":66},[52,26749,16481],{"class":108},[52,26751,126],{"class":66},[52,26753,26754],{"class":129},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[38,26756,17512],{"id":17511},[20,26758,26759,14144,26761,26763],{},[15,26760,12851],{},[3842,26762,4722],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26765,26766],{},"Instead, it returns:",[153,26768,26769,26772],{},[156,26770,26771],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[156,26773,26774],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26776,2324],{},[43,26778,26780],{"className":45,"code":26779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26781,26782,26814,26818,26841,26873,26877,26890,26904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26783,26784,26786,26788,26790,26792,26794,26796,26798,26800,26802,26804,26806,26808,26810,26812],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26785,9251],{"class":58},[52,26787,63],{"class":62},[52,26789,10577],{"class":66},[52,26791,757],{"class":756},[52,26793,236],{"class":760},[52,26795,757],{"class":756},[52,26797,1772],{"class":66},[52,26799,270],{"class":70},[52,26801,74],{"class":66},[52,26803,768],{"class":756},[52,26805,4853],{"class":760},[52,26807,757],{"class":756},[52,26809,1772],{"class":66},[52,26811,7874],{"class":70},[52,26813,9394],{"class":66},[52,26815,26816],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,26817,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,26819,26820,26823,26825,26827,26829,26831,26833,26835,26837,26839],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,26821,26822],{"class":58},"result1 ",[52,26824,63],{"class":62},[52,26826,14657],{"class":58},[52,26828,242],{"class":66},[52,26830,26336],{"class":108},[52,26832,105],{"class":66},[52,26834,757],{"class":756},[52,26836,236],{"class":760},[52,26838,757],{"class":756},[52,26840,112],{"class":66},[52,26842,26843,26846,26848,26850,26852,26854,26856,26858,26860,26862,26864,26866,26869,26871],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,26844,26845],{"class":58},"result2 ",[52,26847,63],{"class":62},[52,26849,14657],{"class":58},[52,26851,242],{"class":66},[52,26853,26336],{"class":108},[52,26855,105],{"class":66},[52,26857,757],{"class":756},[52,26859,9825],{"class":760},[52,26861,757],{"class":756},[52,26863,74],{"class":66},[52,26865,768],{"class":756},[52,26867,26868],{"class":760},"missing",[52,26870,757],{"class":756},[52,26872,112],{"class":66},[52,26874,26875],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,26876,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,26878,26879,26881,26883,26886,26888],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,26880,118],{"class":101},[52,26882,105],{"class":66},[52,26884,26885],{"class":108},"result1",[52,26887,126],{"class":66},[52,26889,130],{"class":129},[52,26891,26892,26894,26896,26899,26901],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,26893,118],{"class":101},[52,26895,105],{"class":66},[52,26897,26898],{"class":108},"result2",[52,26900,126],{"class":66},[52,26902,26903],{"class":129},"  # missing\n",[52,26905,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,26907,118],{"class":101},[52,26909,105],{"class":66},[52,26911,9289],{"class":108},[52,26913,126],{"class":66},[52,26915,26916],{"class":129},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26918,26919,26920,6712],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[236,26921,26922],{"href":10823},[15,26923,26924],{},"dict.get()",[38,26926,5054,26928],{"id":26927},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26929,12851],{},[20,26931,133,26932,10688],{},[15,26933,12851],{},[153,26935,26936,26939,26942],{},[156,26937,26938],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[156,26940,26941],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[156,26943,26944],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26946,2324],{},[43,26948,26950],{"className":45,"code":26949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26951,26952,27004,27008,27035,27039,27063,27067,27081,27095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,26953,26954,26956,26958,26960,26962,26964,26966,26968,26970,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26988,26990,26992,26995,26997,26999,27002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,26955,25218],{"class":58},[52,26957,63],{"class":62},[52,26959,10577],{"class":66},[52,26961,757],{"class":756},[52,26963,7751],{"class":760},[52,26965,757],{"class":756},[52,26967,1772],{"class":66},[52,26969,768],{"class":756},[52,26971,26972],{"class":760},"Laptop",[52,26974,757],{"class":756},[52,26976,74],{"class":66},[52,26978,768],{"class":756},[52,26980,25244],{"class":760},[52,26982,757],{"class":756},[52,26984,1772],{"class":66},[52,26986,26987],{"class":70}," 1200",[52,26989,74],{"class":66},[52,26991,768],{"class":756},[52,26993,26994],{"class":760},"discount",[52,26996,757],{"class":756},[52,26998,1772],{"class":66},[52,27000,27001],{"class":70}," 200",[52,27003,9394],{"class":66},[52,27005,27006],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27007,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27009,27010,27013,27015,27017,27019,27021,27023,27025,27027,27029,27031,27033],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27011,27012],{"class":58},"discount_amount ",[52,27014,63],{"class":62},[52,27016,25296],{"class":58},[52,27018,242],{"class":66},[52,27020,26336],{"class":108},[52,27022,105],{"class":66},[52,27024,757],{"class":756},[52,27026,26994],{"class":760},[52,27028,757],{"class":756},[52,27030,74],{"class":66},[52,27032,3933],{"class":70},[52,27034,112],{"class":66},[52,27036,27037],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,27038,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27040,27041,27044,27046,27048,27050,27052,27054,27056,27058,27060],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,27042,27043],{"class":58},"final_price ",[52,27045,63],{"class":62},[52,27047,25296],{"class":58},[52,27049,3994],{"class":66},[52,27051,757],{"class":756},[52,27053,25244],{"class":760},[52,27055,757],{"class":756},[52,27057,13363],{"class":66},[52,27059,2339],{"class":62},[52,27061,27062],{"class":58}," discount_amount\n",[52,27064,27065],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,27066,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27068,27069,27071,27073,27076,27078],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,27070,118],{"class":101},[52,27072,105],{"class":66},[52,27074,27075],{"class":108},"discount_amount",[52,27077,126],{"class":66},[52,27079,27080],{"class":129},"  # 200\n",[52,27082,27083,27085,27087,27090,27092],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,27084,118],{"class":101},[52,27086,105],{"class":66},[52,27088,27089],{"class":108},"final_price",[52,27091,126],{"class":66},[52,27093,27094],{"class":129},"      # 1000\n",[52,27096,27097,27099,27101,27104,27106],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,27098,118],{"class":101},[52,27100,105],{"class":66},[52,27102,27103],{"class":108},"product",[52,27105,126],{"class":66},[52,27107,27108],{"class":129},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,27110,27111],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[38,27113,27115,10672,27117],{"id":27114},"pop-vs-del",[15,27116,12851],{},[15,27118,27119],{},"del",[20,27121,10677,27122,652,27124,27126],{},[15,27123,12851],{},[15,27125,27119],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[461,27128,133,27130,27132],{"id":27129},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,27131,12851],{}," when you need the removed value",[43,27134,27136],{"className":45,"code":27135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27137,27138,27174,27178,27200,27204,27217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27139,27140,27142,27144,27146,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156,27158,27160,27162,27164,27166,27168,27170,27172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27141,13294],{"class":58},[52,27143,63],{"class":62},[52,27145,10577],{"class":66},[52,27147,757],{"class":756},[52,27149,7751],{"class":760},[52,27151,757],{"class":756},[52,27153,1772],{"class":66},[52,27155,768],{"class":756},[52,27157,12969],{"class":760},[52,27159,757],{"class":756},[52,27161,74],{"class":66},[52,27163,768],{"class":756},[52,27165,9384],{"class":760},[52,27167,757],{"class":756},[52,27169,1772],{"class":66},[52,27171,9391],{"class":70},[52,27173,9394],{"class":66},[52,27175,27176],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27177,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27179,27180,27182,27184,27186,27188,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27181,21723],{"class":58},[52,27183,63],{"class":62},[52,27185,13337],{"class":58},[52,27187,242],{"class":66},[52,27189,26336],{"class":108},[52,27191,105],{"class":66},[52,27193,757],{"class":756},[52,27195,9384],{"class":760},[52,27197,757],{"class":756},[52,27199,112],{"class":66},[52,27201,27202],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,27203,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27205,27206,27208,27210,27212,27214],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,27207,118],{"class":101},[52,27209,105],{"class":66},[52,27211,9384],{"class":108},[52,27213,126],{"class":66},[52,27215,27216],{"class":129},"     # 25\n",[52,27218,27219,27221,27223,27225,27227],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,27220,118],{"class":101},[52,27222,105],{"class":66},[52,27224,17400],{"class":108},[52,27226,126],{"class":66},[52,27228,27229],{"class":129},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[461,27231,133,27233,27235],{"id":27232},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,27234,27119],{}," when you only want deletion",[43,27237,27239],{"className":45,"code":27238,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,27240,27241,27277,27281,27297,27301],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27242,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271,27273,27275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27244,13294],{"class":58},[52,27246,63],{"class":62},[52,27248,10577],{"class":66},[52,27250,757],{"class":756},[52,27252,7751],{"class":760},[52,27254,757],{"class":756},[52,27256,1772],{"class":66},[52,27258,768],{"class":756},[52,27260,12969],{"class":760},[52,27262,757],{"class":756},[52,27264,74],{"class":66},[52,27266,768],{"class":756},[52,27268,9384],{"class":760},[52,27270,757],{"class":756},[52,27272,1772],{"class":66},[52,27274,9391],{"class":70},[52,27276,9394],{"class":66},[52,27278,27279],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27280,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27282,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27284,27119],{"class":1195},[52,27286,13337],{"class":58},[52,27288,3994],{"class":66},[52,27290,757],{"class":756},[52,27292,9384],{"class":760},[52,27294,757],{"class":756},[52,27296,90],{"class":66},[52,27298,27299],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,27300,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27302,27303,27305,27307,27309,27311],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,27304,118],{"class":101},[52,27306,105],{"class":66},[52,27308,17400],{"class":108},[52,27310,126],{"class":66},[52,27312,27229],{"class":129},[20,27314,27315],{},"Difference:",[153,27317,27318,27323],{},[156,27319,27320,27322],{},[15,27321,12851],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[156,27324,27325,27327],{},[15,27326,27119],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,27329,27330,27331,242],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[236,27332,12662],{"href":12661},[38,27334,27336,27337],{"id":27335},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,27338,19781],{},[20,27340,27341],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[461,27343,27345],{"id":27344},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[43,27347,27349],{"className":45,"code":27348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27350,27351,27376,27380,27406,27410,27422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27352,27353,27355,27357,27359,27361,27363,27365,27367,27369,27372,27374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27354,11812],{"class":58},[52,27356,63],{"class":62},[52,27358,10577],{"class":66},[52,27360,757],{"class":756},[52,27362,7751],{"class":760},[52,27364,757],{"class":756},[52,27366,1772],{"class":66},[52,27368,768],{"class":756},[52,27370,27371],{"class":760},"Sara",[52,27373,757],{"class":756},[52,27375,9394],{"class":66},[52,27377,27378],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27379,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27381,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390,27392,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402,27404],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27383,2563],{"class":58},[52,27385,63],{"class":62},[52,27387,11853],{"class":58},[52,27389,242],{"class":66},[52,27391,26336],{"class":108},[52,27393,105],{"class":66},[52,27395,757],{"class":756},[52,27397,9384],{"class":760},[52,27399,757],{"class":756},[52,27401,74],{"class":66},[52,27403,3951],{"class":674},[52,27405,112],{"class":66},[52,27407,27408],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,27409,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27411,27412,27414,27416,27418,27420],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,27413,118],{"class":101},[52,27415,105],{"class":66},[52,27417,2588],{"class":108},[52,27419,126],{"class":66},[52,27421,20655],{"class":129},[52,27423,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,27425,118],{"class":101},[52,27427,105],{"class":66},[52,27429,11539],{"class":108},[52,27431,126],{"class":66},[52,27433,27434],{"class":129}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,27436,27437],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[461,27439,27441],{"id":27440},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[43,27443,27445],{"className":45,"code":27444,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,27446,27447,27471,27475,27491,27514,27524,27531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27448,27449,27451,27453,27455,27457,27459,27461,27463,27465,27467,27469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27450,11812],{"class":58},[52,27452,63],{"class":62},[52,27454,10577],{"class":66},[52,27456,757],{"class":756},[52,27458,7751],{"class":760},[52,27460,757],{"class":756},[52,27462,1772],{"class":66},[52,27464,768],{"class":756},[52,27466,27371],{"class":760},[52,27468,757],{"class":756},[52,27470,9394],{"class":66},[52,27472,27473],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27474,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27476,27477,27479,27481,27483,27485,27487,27489],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27478,7079],{"class":1195},[52,27480,768],{"class":756},[52,27482,9384],{"class":760},[52,27484,757],{"class":756},[52,27486,21268],{"class":62},[52,27488,11853],{"class":58},[52,27490,1689],{"class":66},[52,27492,27493,27496,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,27494,27495],{"class":58},"    value ",[52,27497,63],{"class":62},[52,27499,11853],{"class":58},[52,27501,242],{"class":66},[52,27503,26336],{"class":108},[52,27505,105],{"class":66},[52,27507,757],{"class":756},[52,27509,9384],{"class":760},[52,27511,757],{"class":756},[52,27513,112],{"class":66},[52,27515,27516,27518,27520,27522],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,27517,8154],{"class":101},[52,27519,105],{"class":66},[52,27521,2588],{"class":108},[52,27523,112],{"class":66},[52,27525,27526,27529],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,27527,27528],{"class":1195},"else",[52,27530,1689],{"class":66},[52,27532,27533,27535,27537,27539,27542,27544],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,27534,8154],{"class":101},[52,27536,105],{"class":66},[52,27538,757],{"class":756},[52,27540,27541],{"class":760},"Key not found",[52,27543,757],{"class":756},[52,27545,112],{"class":66},[461,27547,27549,27550,27552],{"id":27548},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27551,10827],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[43,27554,27556],{"className":45,"code":27555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27557,27558,27582,27586,27612,27616,27628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27559,27560,27562,27564,27566,27568,27570,27572,27574,27576,27578,27580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27561,11812],{"class":58},[52,27563,63],{"class":62},[52,27565,10577],{"class":66},[52,27567,757],{"class":756},[52,27569,7751],{"class":760},[52,27571,757],{"class":756},[52,27573,1772],{"class":66},[52,27575,768],{"class":756},[52,27577,27371],{"class":760},[52,27579,757],{"class":756},[52,27581,9394],{"class":66},[52,27583,27584],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27585,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27587,27588,27590,27592,27594,27596,27598,27600,27602,27604,27606,27608,27610],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27589,2563],{"class":58},[52,27591,63],{"class":62},[52,27593,11853],{"class":58},[52,27595,242],{"class":66},[52,27597,19844],{"class":108},[52,27599,105],{"class":66},[52,27601,757],{"class":756},[52,27603,9384],{"class":760},[52,27605,757],{"class":756},[52,27607,74],{"class":66},[52,27609,3951],{"class":674},[52,27611,112],{"class":66},[52,27613,27614],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,27615,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27617,27618,27620,27622,27624,27626],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,27619,118],{"class":101},[52,27621,105],{"class":66},[52,27623,2588],{"class":108},[52,27625,126],{"class":66},[52,27627,20655],{"class":129},[52,27629,27630,27632,27634,27636,27638],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,27631,118],{"class":101},[52,27633,105],{"class":66},[52,27635,11539],{"class":108},[52,27637,126],{"class":66},[52,27639,27434],{"class":129},[20,27641,133,27642,27646,27647,242],{},[236,27643,27644],{"href":10823},[15,27645,26924],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[236,27648,11351],{"href":11162},[38,27650,4610],{"id":4609},[20,27652,27653,27654,242],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27655,12657],{},[461,27657,25869,27659,27661],{"id":27658},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27660,12851],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27663,27664],{},"Lists use indexes:",[43,27666,27668],{"className":45,"code":27667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27669,27670,27690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27671,27672,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27673,59],{"class":58},[52,27675,63],{"class":62},[52,27677,67],{"class":66},[52,27679,430],{"class":70},[52,27681,74],{"class":66},[52,27683,7874],{"class":70},[52,27685,74],{"class":66},[52,27687,7879],{"class":70},[52,27689,90],{"class":66},[52,27691,27692,27694,27696,27698,27700,27702,27704,27706,27708],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27693,118],{"class":101},[52,27695,105],{"class":66},[52,27697,109],{"class":108},[52,27699,242],{"class":66},[52,27701,26336],{"class":108},[52,27703,105],{"class":66},[52,27705,71],{"class":70},[52,27707,5450],{"class":66},[52,27709,27710],{"class":129},"  # 20\n",[20,27712,27713],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[43,27715,27717],{"className":45,"code":27716,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27718,27719,27755],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27720,27721,27723,27725,27727,27729,27731,27733,27735,27737,27739,27741,27743,27745,27747,27749,27751,27753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27722,13294],{"class":58},[52,27724,63],{"class":62},[52,27726,10577],{"class":66},[52,27728,757],{"class":756},[52,27730,7751],{"class":760},[52,27732,757],{"class":756},[52,27734,1772],{"class":66},[52,27736,768],{"class":756},[52,27738,12969],{"class":760},[52,27740,757],{"class":756},[52,27742,74],{"class":66},[52,27744,768],{"class":756},[52,27746,9384],{"class":760},[52,27748,757],{"class":756},[52,27750,1772],{"class":66},[52,27752,9391],{"class":70},[52,27754,9394],{"class":66},[52,27756,27757,27759,27761,27763,27765,27767,27769,27771,27773,27775,27777],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27758,118],{"class":101},[52,27760,105],{"class":66},[52,27762,17400],{"class":108},[52,27764,242],{"class":66},[52,27766,26336],{"class":108},[52,27768,105],{"class":66},[52,27770,757],{"class":756},[52,27772,9384],{"class":760},[52,27774,757],{"class":756},[52,27776,5450],{"class":66},[52,27778,27779],{"class":129},"  # 25\n",[20,27781,27782,27783,27785,27786,27788],{},"A dictionary does ",[3842,27784,4722],{}," use positions with ",[15,27787,12851],{},". It uses keys.",[461,27790,4796,27792,27794],{"id":27791},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27793,12851],{}," changes the original dictionary",[43,27796,27798],{"className":45,"code":27797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27799,27800,27832,27836,27858,27862,27875],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27801,27802,27804,27806,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822,27824,27826,27828,27830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27803,9251],{"class":58},[52,27805,63],{"class":62},[52,27807,10577],{"class":66},[52,27809,757],{"class":756},[52,27811,1190],{"class":760},[52,27813,757],{"class":756},[52,27815,1772],{"class":66},[52,27817,5586],{"class":70},[52,27819,74],{"class":66},[52,27821,768],{"class":756},[52,27823,1405],{"class":760},[52,27825,757],{"class":756},[52,27827,1772],{"class":66},[52,27829,77],{"class":70},[52,27831,9394],{"class":66},[52,27833,27834],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27835,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27837,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852,27854,27856],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27839,2563],{"class":58},[52,27841,63],{"class":62},[52,27843,14657],{"class":58},[52,27845,242],{"class":66},[52,27847,26336],{"class":108},[52,27849,105],{"class":66},[52,27851,757],{"class":756},[52,27853,1190],{"class":760},[52,27855,757],{"class":756},[52,27857,112],{"class":66},[52,27859,27860],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,27861,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27863,27864,27866,27868,27870,27872],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,27865,118],{"class":101},[52,27867,105],{"class":66},[52,27869,2588],{"class":108},[52,27871,126],{"class":66},[52,27873,27874],{"class":129},"  # 1\n",[52,27876,27877,27879,27881,27883,27885],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,27878,118],{"class":101},[52,27880,105],{"class":66},[52,27882,9289],{"class":108},[52,27884,126],{"class":66},[52,27886,27887],{"class":129},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27889,27890,27891,27893],{},"After ",[15,27892,12851],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[461,27895,1372,27897,27899],{"id":27896},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27898,12851],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[43,27901,27903],{"className":45,"code":27902,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27904,27905,27929,27933,27938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27906,27907,27909,27911,27913,27915,27917,27919,27921,27923,27925,27927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27908,9251],{"class":58},[52,27910,63],{"class":62},[52,27912,10577],{"class":66},[52,27914,757],{"class":756},[52,27916,7751],{"class":760},[52,27918,757],{"class":756},[52,27920,1772],{"class":66},[52,27922,768],{"class":756},[52,27924,8006],{"class":760},[52,27926,757],{"class":756},[52,27928,9394],{"class":66},[52,27930,27931],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27932,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27934,27935],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27936,27937],{"class":129},"# This causes an error\n",[52,27939,27940],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,27941,27942],{"class":129},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27944,27945],{},"Safer version:",[43,27947,27949],{"className":45,"code":27948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27950,27951,27975,27979],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,27952,27953,27955,27957,27959,27961,27963,27965,27967,27969,27971,27973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,27954,9251],{"class":58},[52,27956,63],{"class":62},[52,27958,10577],{"class":66},[52,27960,757],{"class":756},[52,27962,7751],{"class":760},[52,27964,757],{"class":756},[52,27966,1772],{"class":66},[52,27968,768],{"class":756},[52,27970,8006],{"class":760},[52,27972,757],{"class":756},[52,27974,9394],{"class":66},[52,27976,27977],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,27978,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,27980,27981,27983,27985,27987,27989,27991,27993,27995,27997,27999,28001,28003,28005,28007,28009],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,27982,118],{"class":101},[52,27984,105],{"class":66},[52,27986,9289],{"class":108},[52,27988,242],{"class":66},[52,27990,26336],{"class":108},[52,27992,105],{"class":66},[52,27994,757],{"class":756},[52,27996,9384],{"class":760},[52,27998,757],{"class":756},[52,28000,74],{"class":66},[52,28002,768],{"class":756},[52,28004,26868],{"class":760},[52,28006,757],{"class":756},[52,28008,5450],{"class":66},[52,28010,26903],{"class":129},[461,28012,8538,28014,28016],{"id":28013},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,28015,12851],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[43,28018,28020],{"className":45,"code":28019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,28021,28022,28054,28058,28080,28084,28096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28023,28024,28026,28028,28030,28032,28034,28036,28038,28040,28042,28044,28046,28048,28050,28052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28025,9251],{"class":58},[52,28027,63],{"class":62},[52,28029,10577],{"class":66},[52,28031,757],{"class":756},[52,28033,236],{"class":760},[52,28035,757],{"class":756},[52,28037,1772],{"class":66},[52,28039,5586],{"class":70},[52,28041,74],{"class":66},[52,28043,768],{"class":756},[52,28045,4853],{"class":760},[52,28047,757],{"class":756},[52,28049,1772],{"class":66},[52,28051,77],{"class":70},[52,28053,9394],{"class":66},[52,28055,28056],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,28057,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,28059,28060,28062,28064,28066,28068,28070,28072,28074,28076,28078],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28061,2347],{"class":58},[52,28063,63],{"class":62},[52,28065,14657],{"class":58},[52,28067,242],{"class":66},[52,28069,26336],{"class":108},[52,28071,105],{"class":66},[52,28073,757],{"class":756},[52,28075,236],{"class":760},[52,28077,757],{"class":756},[52,28079,112],{"class":66},[52,28081,28082],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,28083,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,28085,28086,28088,28090,28092,28094],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,28087,118],{"class":101},[52,28089,105],{"class":66},[52,28091,2382],{"class":108},[52,28093,126],{"class":66},[52,28095,27874],{"class":129},[52,28097,28098,28100,28102,28104,28106],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,28099,118],{"class":101},[52,28101,105],{"class":66},[52,28103,9289],{"class":108},[52,28105,126],{"class":66},[52,28107,28108],{"class":129},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,28110,28111],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[38,28113,28115],{"id":28114},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,28117,28118,28119,28121],{},"Problems with ",[15,28120,12657],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[153,28123,28124,28127,28136,28139],{},[156,28125,28126],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[156,28128,28129,28130,28133,28134],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,28131,28132],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,28135,26432],{},[156,28137,28138],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[156,28140,28141,28142,11180,28144],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,28143,71],{},[15,28145,28146],{},"\"1\"",[20,28148,28149],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[43,28151,28153],{"className":45,"code":28152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,28154,28155,28179,28183,28213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28156,28157,28159,28161,28163,28165,28167,28169,28171,28173,28175,28177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28158,9251],{"class":58},[52,28160,63],{"class":62},[52,28162,10577],{"class":66},[52,28164,757],{"class":756},[52,28166,71],{"class":760},[52,28168,757],{"class":756},[52,28170,1772],{"class":66},[52,28172,768],{"class":756},[52,28174,6666],{"class":760},[52,28176,757],{"class":756},[52,28178,9394],{"class":66},[52,28180,28181],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,28182,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,28184,28185,28187,28189,28191,28193,28195,28197,28199,28201,28203,28206,28208,28210],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28186,118],{"class":101},[52,28188,105],{"class":66},[52,28190,9289],{"class":108},[52,28192,242],{"class":66},[52,28194,26336],{"class":108},[52,28196,105],{"class":66},[52,28198,71],{"class":70},[52,28200,74],{"class":66},[52,28202,768],{"class":756},[52,28204,28205],{"class":760},"not found",[52,28207,757],{"class":756},[52,28209,5450],{"class":66},[52,28211,28212],{"class":129},"    # not found\n",[52,28214,28215,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237,28239,28241,28243],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,28216,118],{"class":101},[52,28218,105],{"class":66},[52,28220,9289],{"class":108},[52,28222,242],{"class":66},[52,28224,26336],{"class":108},[52,28226,105],{"class":66},[52,28228,757],{"class":756},[52,28230,71],{"class":760},[52,28232,757],{"class":756},[52,28234,74],{"class":66},[52,28236,768],{"class":756},[52,28238,28205],{"class":760},[52,28240,757],{"class":756},[52,28242,5450],{"class":66},[52,28244,28245],{"class":129},"  # one\n",[20,28247,28248,652,28250,28252],{},[15,28249,71],{},[15,28251,28146],{}," are different keys.",[38,28254,8959],{"id":8958},[20,28256,1800,28257,28259],{},[15,28258,12851],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,28261,28263],{"className":45,"code":28262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,28264,28265,28275,28289,28307,28337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28266,28267,28269,28271,28273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28268,118],{"class":101},[52,28270,105],{"class":66},[52,28272,11539],{"class":108},[52,28274,112],{"class":66},[52,28276,28277,28279,28281,28283,28285,28287],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,28278,118],{"class":101},[52,28280,105],{"class":66},[52,28282,11539],{"class":108},[52,28284,242],{"class":66},[52,28286,17016],{"class":108},[52,28288,7276],{"class":66},[52,28290,28291,28293,28295,28297,28299,28301,28303,28305],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28292,118],{"class":101},[52,28294,105],{"class":66},[52,28296,3406],{"class":756},[52,28298,7751],{"class":760},[52,28300,3406],{"class":756},[52,28302,21268],{"class":1195},[52,28304,11853],{"class":108},[52,28306,112],{"class":66},[52,28308,28309,28311,28313,28315,28317,28319,28321,28323,28325,28327,28329,28331,28333,28335],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,28310,118],{"class":101},[52,28312,105],{"class":66},[52,28314,11539],{"class":108},[52,28316,242],{"class":66},[52,28318,26336],{"class":108},[52,28320,105],{"class":66},[52,28322,3406],{"class":756},[52,28324,7751],{"class":760},[52,28326,3406],{"class":756},[52,28328,74],{"class":66},[52,28330,3401],{"class":756},[52,28332,26868],{"class":760},[52,28334,3406],{"class":756},[52,28336,510],{"class":66},[52,28338,28339,28341,28343,28345,28347,28349],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,28340,118],{"class":101},[52,28342,105],{"class":66},[52,28344,1827],{"class":1184},[52,28346,105],{"class":66},[52,28348,11539],{"class":108},[52,28350,510],{"class":66},[20,28352,21431],{},[153,28354,28355,28360,28365,28370,28376],{},[156,28356,28357,28359],{},[15,28358,12767],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[156,28361,28362,28364],{},[15,28363,21443],{}," shows all available keys",[156,28366,28367,28369],{},[15,28368,21449],{}," checks whether a key exists",[156,28371,28372,28375],{},[15,28373,28374],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[156,28377,28378,28380],{},[15,28379,12773],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,28382,28383,28384,242],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[236,28385,9477],{"href":9476},[38,28387,1919],{"id":1918},[461,28389,28391,28392,28394],{"id":28390},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,28393,12851],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,28396,28397],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[461,28399,28401],{"id":28400},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,28403,28404,26633,28406,28408,28409,28411],{},[15,28405,26432],{},[15,28407,19781],{},". ",[15,28410,26436],{}," returns the default value instead.",[461,28413,12792,28415,14987],{"id":28414},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,28416,12851],{},[20,28418,28419],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[461,28421,28423,28424,28426],{"id":28422},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,28425,12851],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,28428,28429,28430,28432,28433,242],{},"Not with ",[15,28431,12657],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[236,28434,28435],{"href":12668},[15,28436,12858],{},[461,28438,5270,28440,652,28442,1963],{"id":28439},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,28441,10827],{},[15,28443,12851],{},[20,28445,28446,28448,28449,28451],{},[15,28447,10827],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,28450,12851],{}," reads and removes it.",[38,28453,1986],{"id":1985},[153,28455,28456,28462,28469,28473,28477,28481],{},[156,28457,28458],{},[236,28459,28460],{"href":10823},[15,28461,19762],{},[156,28463,28464],{},[236,28465,28466],{"href":12668},[15,28467,28468],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[156,28470,28471],{},[236,28472,12875],{"href":12661},[156,28474,28475],{},[236,28476,21552],{"href":16689},[156,28478,28479],{},[236,28480,11351],{"href":11162},[156,28482,28483],{},[236,28484,28486],{"href":28485},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[2029,28488,28489],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":28491},[28492,28493,28495,28496,28497,28499,28506,28513,28523,28524,28525,28536],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":26443,"depth":93,"text":28494},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":26927,"depth":93,"text":28498},"When to use pop()",{"id":27114,"depth":93,"text":28500,"children":28501},"pop() vs del",[28502,28504],{"id":27129,"depth":115,"text":28503},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":27232,"depth":115,"text":28505},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":27335,"depth":93,"text":28507,"children":28508},"How to avoid KeyError",[28509,28510,28511],{"id":27344,"depth":115,"text":27345},{"id":27440,"depth":115,"text":27441},{"id":27548,"depth":115,"text":28512},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":28514},[28515,28517,28519,28521],{"id":27658,"depth":115,"text":28516},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27791,"depth":115,"text":28518},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27896,"depth":115,"text":28520},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":28013,"depth":115,"text":28522},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":28114,"depth":93,"text":28115},{"id":8958,"depth":93,"text":8959},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":28526},[28527,28529,28530,28532,28534],{"id":28390,"depth":115,"text":28528},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":28400,"depth":115,"text":28401},{"id":28414,"depth":115,"text":28531},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":28422,"depth":115,"text":28533},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":28439,"depth":115,"text":28535},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":26264,"description":28537},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28544,"title":28468,"body":28545,"description":30484,"extension":2083,"meta":30485,"navigation":296,"path":30486,"seo":30487,"stem":30488,"__hash__":30489},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28546,"toc":30448},[28547,28552,28557,28560,28568,28578,28580,28669,28673,28722,28727,28732,28736,28752,28755,28757,28772,28774,28790,28797,28801,28807,28816,28818,28887,28891,28912,28915,28934,28937,28960,28962,28965,29080,29084,29143,29150,29154,29160,29285,29289,29339,29342,29346,29353,29355,29418,29422,29443,29446,29455,29470,29478,29485,29489,29501,29505,29516,29518,29664,29668,29727,29734,29739,29743,29749,29772,29777,29796,29800,29871,29878,29951,29960,29965,29970,29981,29984,30121,30126,30158,30163,30165,30169,30229,30232,30289,30292,30335,30337,30342,30348,30354,30357,30364,30371,30376,30379,30386,30394,30396,30445],[10,28548,11407,28550,11411],{"id":28549},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28551,12858],{},[20,28553,2100,28554,28556],{},[15,28555,12858],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28558,28559],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[153,28561,28562,28565],{},[156,28563,28564],{},"remove an item",[156,28566,28567],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28569,28570,28571,28573,28574,28577],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28572,12858],{}," removes the ",[3842,28575,28576],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[38,28579,41],{"id":40},[43,28581,28583],{"className":45,"code":28582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28584,28585,28629,28645,28649,28659],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28586,28587,28589,28591,28593,28595,28597,28599,28601,28603,28605,28607,28609,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625,28627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28588,9251],{"class":58},[52,28590,63],{"class":62},[52,28592,10577],{"class":66},[52,28594,757],{"class":756},[52,28596,236],{"class":760},[52,28598,757],{"class":756},[52,28600,1772],{"class":66},[52,28602,5586],{"class":70},[52,28604,74],{"class":66},[52,28606,768],{"class":756},[52,28608,4853],{"class":760},[52,28610,757],{"class":756},[52,28612,1772],{"class":66},[52,28614,77],{"class":70},[52,28616,74],{"class":66},[52,28618,768],{"class":756},[52,28620,9825],{"class":760},[52,28622,757],{"class":756},[52,28624,1772],{"class":66},[52,28626,82],{"class":70},[52,28628,9394],{"class":66},[52,28630,28631,28634,28636,28638,28640,28643],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,28632,28633],{"class":58},"item ",[52,28635,63],{"class":62},[52,28637,14657],{"class":58},[52,28639,242],{"class":66},[52,28641,28642],{"class":108},"popitem",[52,28644,8729],{"class":66},[52,28646,28647],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28648,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,28650,28651,28653,28655,28657],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,28652,118],{"class":101},[52,28654,105],{"class":66},[52,28656,23406],{"class":108},[52,28658,112],{"class":66},[52,28660,28661,28663,28665,28667],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,28662,118],{"class":101},[52,28664,105],{"class":66},[52,28666,9289],{"class":108},[52,28668,112],{"class":66},[20,28670,28671],{},[3842,28672,311],{},[43,28674,28676],{"className":45,"code":28675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28677,28678,28694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28679,28680,28682,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28681,105],{"class":66},[52,28683,3406],{"class":756},[52,28685,9825],{"class":760},[52,28687,3406],{"class":756},[52,28689,74],{"class":66},[52,28691,82],{"class":70},[52,28693,112],{"class":66},[52,28695,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716,28718,28720],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,28697,9363],{"class":66},[52,28699,3406],{"class":756},[52,28701,236],{"class":760},[52,28703,3406],{"class":756},[52,28705,1772],{"class":66},[52,28707,5586],{"class":70},[52,28709,74],{"class":66},[52,28711,3401],{"class":756},[52,28713,4853],{"class":760},[52,28715,3406],{"class":756},[52,28717,1772],{"class":66},[52,28719,77],{"class":70},[52,28721,9394],{"class":66},[20,28723,28724,28726],{},[15,28725,12858],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[38,28728,140,28730,143],{"id":28729},"what-popitem-does",[15,28731,12858],{},[20,28733,28734,1772],{},[15,28735,12858],{},[153,28737,28738,28741,28746,28749],{},[156,28739,28740],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[156,28742,28743,28744],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28745,21750],{},[156,28747,28748],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[156,28750,28751],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28753,28754],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[38,28756,181],{"id":180},[43,28758,28760],{"className":45,"code":28759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28761,28762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28763,28764,28766,28768,28770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28765,15696],{"class":58},[52,28767,242],{"class":66},[52,28769,28642],{"class":108},[52,28771,8729],{"class":66},[20,28773,11548],{},[153,28775,28776,28784,28787],{},[156,28777,28778,28780,28781],{},[15,28779,12858],{}," takes ",[3842,28782,28783],{},"no arguments",[156,28785,28786],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[156,28788,28789],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28791,28792,28793,6712],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[236,28794,28795],{"href":12654},[15,28796,12851],{},[38,28798,28800],{"id":28799},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28802,28803,28804,28806],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28805,12858],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28808,28809,28810,28813],"ol",{},[156,28811,28812],{},"the key",[156,28814,28815],{},"the value",[20,28817,2324],{},[43,28819,28821],{"className":45,"code":28820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28822,28823,28859,28873,28877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28824,28825,28827,28829,28831,28833,28835,28837,28839,28841,28843,28845,28847,28849,28851,28853,28855,28857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28826,13294],{"class":58},[52,28828,63],{"class":62},[52,28830,10577],{"class":66},[52,28832,757],{"class":756},[52,28834,7751],{"class":760},[52,28836,757],{"class":756},[52,28838,1772],{"class":66},[52,28840,768],{"class":756},[52,28842,5097],{"class":760},[52,28844,757],{"class":756},[52,28846,74],{"class":66},[52,28848,768],{"class":756},[52,28850,9384],{"class":760},[52,28852,757],{"class":756},[52,28854,1772],{"class":66},[52,28856,9391],{"class":70},[52,28858,9394],{"class":66},[52,28860,28861,28863,28865,28867,28869,28871],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,28862,2347],{"class":58},[52,28864,63],{"class":62},[52,28866,13337],{"class":58},[52,28868,242],{"class":66},[52,28870,28642],{"class":108},[52,28872,8729],{"class":66},[52,28874,28875],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,28876,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,28878,28879,28881,28883,28885],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,28880,118],{"class":101},[52,28882,105],{"class":66},[52,28884,2382],{"class":108},[52,28886,112],{"class":66},[20,28888,28889],{},[3842,28890,311],{},[43,28892,28894],{"className":45,"code":28893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28895,28896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28897,28898,28900,28902,28904,28906,28908,28910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28899,105],{"class":66},[52,28901,3406],{"class":756},[52,28903,9384],{"class":760},[52,28905,3406],{"class":756},[52,28907,74],{"class":66},[52,28909,9391],{"class":70},[52,28911,112],{"class":66},[20,28913,28914],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[43,28916,28918],{"className":45,"code":28917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28919,28920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28921,28922,28924,28926,28928,28930,28932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28923,2347],{"class":58},[52,28925,63],{"class":62},[52,28927,13337],{"class":58},[52,28929,242],{"class":66},[52,28931,28642],{"class":108},[52,28933,8729],{"class":66},[20,28935,28936],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[43,28938,28940],{"className":45,"code":28939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28941,28942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28943,28944,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28945,14932],{"class":58},[52,28947,74],{"class":66},[52,28949,21679],{"class":58},[52,28951,63],{"class":62},[52,28953,13337],{"class":58},[52,28955,242],{"class":66},[52,28957,28642],{"class":108},[52,28959,8729],{"class":66},[38,28961,246],{"id":245},[20,28963,28964],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[43,28966,28968],{"className":45,"code":28967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28969,28970,29018,29022,29037,29041,29061],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,28971,28972,28974,28976,28978,28980,28983,28985,28987,28989,28991,28993,28995,28997,28999,29002,29004,29006,29009,29011,29013,29016],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,28973,5157],{"class":58},[52,28975,63],{"class":62},[52,28977,10577],{"class":66},[52,28979,757],{"class":756},[52,28981,28982],{"class":760},"Tom",[52,28984,757],{"class":756},[52,28986,1772],{"class":66},[52,28988,5169],{"class":70},[52,28990,74],{"class":66},[52,28992,768],{"class":756},[52,28994,12969],{"class":760},[52,28996,757],{"class":756},[52,28998,1772],{"class":66},[52,29000,29001],{"class":70}," 95",[52,29003,74],{"class":66},[52,29005,768],{"class":756},[52,29007,29008],{"class":760},"Leo",[52,29010,757],{"class":756},[52,29012,1772],{"class":66},[52,29014,29015],{"class":70}," 88",[52,29017,9394],{"class":66},[52,29019,29020],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29021,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29023,29024,29027,29029,29031,29033,29035],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29025,29026],{"class":58},"removed_pair ",[52,29028,63],{"class":62},[52,29030,5204],{"class":58},[52,29032,242],{"class":66},[52,29034,28642],{"class":108},[52,29036,8729],{"class":66},[52,29038,29039],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,29040,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29042,29043,29045,29047,29049,29052,29054,29056,29059],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,29044,118],{"class":101},[52,29046,105],{"class":66},[52,29048,757],{"class":756},[52,29050,29051],{"class":760},"Removed:",[52,29053,757],{"class":756},[52,29055,74],{"class":66},[52,29057,29058],{"class":108}," removed_pair",[52,29060,112],{"class":66},[52,29062,29063,29065,29067,29069,29072,29074,29076,29078],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,29064,118],{"class":101},[52,29066,105],{"class":66},[52,29068,757],{"class":756},[52,29070,29071],{"class":760},"After removal:",[52,29073,757],{"class":756},[52,29075,74],{"class":66},[52,29077,5204],{"class":108},[52,29079,112],{"class":66},[20,29081,29082],{},[3842,29083,311],{},[43,29085,29087],{"className":45,"code":29086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,29088,29089,29110],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29090,29091,29094,29096,29098,29100,29102,29104,29106,29108],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29092,29093],{"class":58},"Removed",[52,29095,1772],{"class":66},[52,29097,9321],{"class":66},[52,29099,3406],{"class":756},[52,29101,29008],{"class":760},[52,29103,3406],{"class":756},[52,29105,74],{"class":66},[52,29107,29015],{"class":70},[52,29109,112],{"class":66},[52,29111,29112,29115,29117,29119,29121,29123,29125,29127,29129,29131,29133,29135,29137,29139,29141],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29113,29114],{"class":58},"After removal",[52,29116,1772],{"class":66},[52,29118,10577],{"class":66},[52,29120,3406],{"class":756},[52,29122,28982],{"class":760},[52,29124,3406],{"class":756},[52,29126,1772],{"class":66},[52,29128,5169],{"class":70},[52,29130,74],{"class":66},[52,29132,3401],{"class":756},[52,29134,12969],{"class":760},[52,29136,3406],{"class":756},[52,29138,1772],{"class":66},[52,29140,29001],{"class":70},[52,29142,9394],{"class":66},[20,29144,29145,29146,29149],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,29147,29148],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[38,29151,29153],{"id":29152},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,29155,29156,29157,29159],{},"Because ",[15,29158,12858],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[43,29161,29163],{"className":45,"code":29162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,29164,29165,29201,29205,29224,29228,29247,29266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29166,29167,29169,29171,29173,29175,29177,29179,29181,29183,29185,29187,29189,29191,29193,29195,29197,29199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29168,15539],{"class":58},[52,29170,63],{"class":62},[52,29172,10577],{"class":66},[52,29174,757],{"class":756},[52,29176,15550],{"class":760},[52,29178,757],{"class":756},[52,29180,1772],{"class":66},[52,29182,768],{"class":756},[52,29184,15559],{"class":760},[52,29186,757],{"class":756},[52,29188,74],{"class":66},[52,29190,768],{"class":756},[52,29192,15570],{"class":760},[52,29194,757],{"class":756},[52,29196,1772],{"class":66},[52,29198,27001],{"class":70},[52,29200,9394],{"class":66},[52,29202,29203],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29204,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29206,29207,29209,29211,29213,29215,29218,29220,29222],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29208,14932],{"class":58},[52,29210,74],{"class":66},[52,29212,21679],{"class":58},[52,29214,63],{"class":62},[52,29216,29217],{"class":58}," book",[52,29219,242],{"class":66},[52,29221,28642],{"class":108},[52,29223,8729],{"class":66},[52,29225,29226],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,29227,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29229,29230,29232,29234,29236,29239,29241,29243,29245],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,29231,118],{"class":101},[52,29233,105],{"class":66},[52,29235,757],{"class":756},[52,29237,29238],{"class":760},"Key:",[52,29240,757],{"class":756},[52,29242,74],{"class":66},[52,29244,21674],{"class":108},[52,29246,112],{"class":66},[52,29248,29249,29251,29253,29255,29258,29260,29262,29264],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,29250,118],{"class":101},[52,29252,105],{"class":66},[52,29254,757],{"class":756},[52,29256,29257],{"class":760},"Value:",[52,29259,757],{"class":756},[52,29261,74],{"class":66},[52,29263,348],{"class":108},[52,29265,112],{"class":66},[52,29267,29268,29270,29272,29274,29277,29279,29281,29283],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,29269,118],{"class":101},[52,29271,105],{"class":66},[52,29273,757],{"class":756},[52,29275,29276],{"class":760},"Dictionary:",[52,29278,757],{"class":756},[52,29280,74],{"class":66},[52,29282,29217],{"class":108},[52,29284,112],{"class":66},[20,29286,29287],{},[3842,29288,311],{},[43,29290,29292],{"className":45,"code":29291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,29293,29294,29304,29314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29295,29296,29299,29301],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29297,29298],{"class":58},"Key",[52,29300,1772],{"class":66},[52,29302,29303],{"class":58}," pages\n",[52,29305,29306,29309,29311],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29307,29308],{"class":58},"Value",[52,29310,1772],{"class":66},[52,29312,29313],{"class":70}," 200\n",[52,29315,29316,29319,29321,29323,29325,29327,29329,29331,29333,29335,29337],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29317,29318],{"class":58},"Dictionary",[52,29320,1772],{"class":66},[52,29322,10577],{"class":66},[52,29324,3406],{"class":756},[52,29326,15550],{"class":760},[52,29328,3406],{"class":756},[52,29330,1772],{"class":66},[52,29332,3401],{"class":756},[52,29334,15559],{"class":760},[52,29336,3406],{"class":756},[52,29338,9394],{"class":66},[20,29340,29341],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[38,29343,29345],{"id":29344},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,29347,29348,29349,28573,29351,242],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,29350,12858],{},[3842,29352,28576],{},[20,29354,2324],{},[43,29356,29358],{"className":45,"code":29357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,29359,29360,29404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29361,29362,29364,29366,29368,29370,29372,29374,29376,29378,29380,29382,29384,29386,29388,29390,29392,29394,29396,29398,29400,29402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29363,9251],{"class":58},[52,29365,63],{"class":62},[52,29367,10577],{"class":66},[52,29369,757],{"class":756},[52,29371,1190],{"class":760},[52,29373,757],{"class":756},[52,29375,1772],{"class":66},[52,29377,5586],{"class":70},[52,29379,74],{"class":66},[52,29381,768],{"class":756},[52,29383,1405],{"class":760},[52,29385,757],{"class":756},[52,29387,1772],{"class":66},[52,29389,77],{"class":70},[52,29391,74],{"class":66},[52,29393,768],{"class":756},[52,29395,22172],{"class":760},[52,29397,757],{"class":756},[52,29399,1772],{"class":66},[52,29401,82],{"class":70},[52,29403,9394],{"class":66},[52,29405,29406,29408,29410,29412,29414,29416],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29407,118],{"class":101},[52,29409,105],{"class":66},[52,29411,9289],{"class":108},[52,29413,242],{"class":66},[52,29415,28642],{"class":108},[52,29417,7276],{"class":66},[20,29419,29420],{},[3842,29421,311],{},[43,29423,29425],{"className":45,"code":29424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('z', 3)\n",[15,29426,29427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29428,29429,29431,29433,29435,29437,29439,29441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29430,105],{"class":66},[52,29432,3406],{"class":756},[52,29434,22172],{"class":760},[52,29436,3406],{"class":756},[52,29438,74],{"class":66},[52,29440,82],{"class":70},[52,29442,112],{"class":66},[20,29444,29445],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,29447,29448,29449,29451,29452,29454],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3842,29450,4722],{}," think of ",[15,29453,12858],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,29456,29457,29458,2305,29462,17165,29466,242],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[236,29459,29460],{"href":17168},[15,29461,17171],{},[236,29463,29464],{"href":17155},[15,29465,17158],{},[236,29467,29468],{"href":17161},[15,29469,17164],{},[38,29471,29473,29474,652,29476],{"id":29472},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,29475,12858],{},[15,29477,12851],{},[20,29479,29480,652,29482,29484],{},[15,29481,12858],{},[15,29483,12851],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[461,29486,29487],{"id":28642},[15,29488,12858],{},[153,29490,29491,29494,29497],{},[156,29492,29493],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[156,29495,29496],{},"does not need a key argument",[156,29498,3791,29499],{},[15,29500,21750],{},[461,29502,29503],{"id":26336},[15,29504,12851],{},[153,29506,29507,29510,29513],{},[156,29508,29509],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[156,29511,29512],{},"needs the key name",[156,29514,29515],{},"returns only the value",[20,29517,2324],{},[43,29519,29521],{"className":45,"code":29520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29522,29523,29567,29571,29585,29605,29609,29631,29650,29654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29524,29525,29527,29529,29531,29533,29535,29537,29539,29541,29543,29545,29547,29549,29551,29553,29555,29557,29559,29561,29563,29565],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29526,9251],{"class":58},[52,29528,63],{"class":62},[52,29530,10577],{"class":66},[52,29532,757],{"class":756},[52,29534,236],{"class":760},[52,29536,757],{"class":756},[52,29538,1772],{"class":66},[52,29540,5586],{"class":70},[52,29542,74],{"class":66},[52,29544,768],{"class":756},[52,29546,4853],{"class":760},[52,29548,757],{"class":756},[52,29550,1772],{"class":66},[52,29552,77],{"class":70},[52,29554,74],{"class":66},[52,29556,768],{"class":756},[52,29558,9825],{"class":760},[52,29560,757],{"class":756},[52,29562,1772],{"class":66},[52,29564,82],{"class":70},[52,29566,9394],{"class":66},[52,29568,29569],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29570,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29572,29573,29575,29577,29579,29581,29583],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29574,28633],{"class":58},[52,29576,63],{"class":62},[52,29578,14657],{"class":58},[52,29580,242],{"class":66},[52,29582,28642],{"class":108},[52,29584,8729],{"class":66},[52,29586,29587,29589,29591,29593,29596,29598,29600,29603],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,29588,118],{"class":101},[52,29590,105],{"class":66},[52,29592,757],{"class":756},[52,29594,29595],{"class":760},"popitem():",[52,29597,757],{"class":756},[52,29599,74],{"class":66},[52,29601,29602],{"class":108}," item",[52,29604,112],{"class":66},[52,29606,29607],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,29608,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29610,29611,29613,29615,29617,29619,29621,29623,29625,29627,29629],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,29612,2563],{"class":58},[52,29614,63],{"class":62},[52,29616,14657],{"class":58},[52,29618,242],{"class":66},[52,29620,26336],{"class":108},[52,29622,105],{"class":66},[52,29624,757],{"class":756},[52,29626,236],{"class":760},[52,29628,757],{"class":756},[52,29630,112],{"class":66},[52,29632,29633,29635,29637,29639,29642,29644,29646,29648],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,29634,118],{"class":101},[52,29636,105],{"class":66},[52,29638,757],{"class":756},[52,29640,29641],{"class":760},"pop('a'):",[52,29643,757],{"class":756},[52,29645,74],{"class":66},[52,29647,348],{"class":108},[52,29649,112],{"class":66},[52,29651,29652],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,29653,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29655,29656,29658,29660,29662],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,29657,118],{"class":101},[52,29659,105],{"class":66},[52,29661,9289],{"class":108},[52,29663,112],{"class":66},[20,29665,29666],{},[3842,29667,311],{},[43,29669,29671],{"className":45,"code":29670,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29672,29673,29694,29711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29674,29675,29677,29680,29682,29684,29686,29688,29690,29692],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29676,28642],{"class":108},[52,29678,29679],{"class":66},"():",[52,29681,9321],{"class":66},[52,29683,3406],{"class":756},[52,29685,9825],{"class":760},[52,29687,3406],{"class":756},[52,29689,74],{"class":66},[52,29691,82],{"class":70},[52,29693,112],{"class":66},[52,29695,29696,29698,29700,29702,29704,29706,29708],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29697,26336],{"class":108},[52,29699,105],{"class":66},[52,29701,3406],{"class":756},[52,29703,236],{"class":760},[52,29705,3406],{"class":756},[52,29707,16544],{"class":66},[52,29709,29710],{"class":70}," 1\n",[52,29712,29713,29715,29717,29719,29721,29723,29725],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29714,9363],{"class":66},[52,29716,3406],{"class":756},[52,29718,4853],{"class":760},[52,29720,3406],{"class":756},[52,29722,1772],{"class":66},[52,29724,77],{"class":70},[52,29726,9394],{"class":66},[20,29728,133,29729,29733],{},[236,29730,29731],{"href":12654},[15,29732,12851],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29735,133,29736,29738],{},[15,29737,12858],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[38,29740,29742],{"id":29741},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29744,29745,29746,29748],{},"Calling ",[15,29747,12858],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[43,29750,29752],{"className":45,"code":29751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29753,29754,29762],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29755,29756,29758,29760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29757,9251],{"class":58},[52,29759,63],{"class":62},[52,29761,9924],{"class":66},[52,29763,29764,29766,29768,29770],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29765,9289],{"class":58},[52,29767,242],{"class":66},[52,29769,28642],{"class":108},[52,29771,8729],{"class":66},[20,29773,29774],{},[3842,29775,29776],{},"Error:",[43,29778,29780],{"className":45,"code":29779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29781,29782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29783,29784,29786,29788,29790,29793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29785,19781],{"class":1184},[52,29787,1772],{"class":66},[52,29789,3401],{"class":756},[52,29791,29792],{"class":760},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[52,29794,29795],{"class":756},"'\n",[461,29797,29799],{"id":29798},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[43,29801,29803],{"className":45,"code":29802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29804,29805,29813,29817,29825,29840,29850,29856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29806,29807,29809,29811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29808,9251],{"class":58},[52,29810,63],{"class":62},[52,29812,9924],{"class":66},[52,29814,29815],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29816,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29818,29819,29821,29823],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29820,7079],{"class":1195},[52,29822,14657],{"class":58},[52,29824,1689],{"class":66},[52,29826,29827,29830,29832,29834,29836,29838],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,29828,29829],{"class":58},"    item ",[52,29831,63],{"class":62},[52,29833,14657],{"class":58},[52,29835,242],{"class":66},[52,29837,28642],{"class":108},[52,29839,8729],{"class":66},[52,29841,29842,29844,29846,29848],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,29843,8154],{"class":101},[52,29845,105],{"class":66},[52,29847,23406],{"class":108},[52,29849,112],{"class":66},[52,29851,29852,29854],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,29853,27528],{"class":1195},[52,29855,1689],{"class":66},[52,29857,29858,29860,29862,29864,29867,29869],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,29859,8154],{"class":101},[52,29861,105],{"class":66},[52,29863,757],{"class":756},[52,29865,29866],{"class":760},"Dictionary is empty",[52,29868,757],{"class":756},[52,29870,112],{"class":66},[461,29872,29874,29875],{"id":29873},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29876,29877],{},"try-except",[43,29879,29881],{"className":45,"code":29880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29882,29883,29891,29895,29902,29916,29926,29936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29884,29885,29887,29889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29886,9251],{"class":58},[52,29888,63],{"class":62},[52,29890,9924],{"class":66},[52,29892,29893],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,29894,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,29896,29897,29900],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,29898,29899],{"class":1195},"try",[52,29901,1689],{"class":66},[52,29903,29904,29906,29908,29910,29912,29914],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,29905,29829],{"class":58},[52,29907,63],{"class":62},[52,29909,14657],{"class":58},[52,29911,242],{"class":66},[52,29913,28642],{"class":108},[52,29915,8729],{"class":66},[52,29917,29918,29920,29922,29924],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,29919,8154],{"class":101},[52,29921,105],{"class":66},[52,29923,23406],{"class":108},[52,29925,112],{"class":66},[52,29927,29928,29931,29934],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,29929,29930],{"class":1195},"except",[52,29932,29933],{"class":1184}," KeyError",[52,29935,1689],{"class":66},[52,29937,29938,29940,29942,29944,29947,29949],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,29939,8154],{"class":101},[52,29941,105],{"class":66},[52,29943,757],{"class":756},[52,29945,29946],{"class":760},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[52,29948,757],{"class":756},[52,29950,112],{"class":66},[20,29952,29953,29954,242],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[236,29955,25774,29957],{"href":29956},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29958,29959],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[38,29961,5054,29963],{"id":29962},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29964,12858],{},[20,29966,29967,29969],{},[15,29968,12858],{}," is useful when:",[153,29971,29972,29975,29978],{},[156,29973,29974],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[156,29976,29977],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[156,29979,29980],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29982,29983],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[43,29985,29987],{"className":45,"code":29986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29988,29989,29998,30018,30038,30056,30060,30064,30074,30093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,29990,29991,29994,29996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,29992,29993],{"class":58},"tasks ",[52,29995,63],{"class":62},[52,29997,11581],{"class":66},[52,29999,30000,30002,30005,30007,30009,30011,30014,30016],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,30001,11586],{"class":756},[52,30003,30004],{"class":760},"first",[52,30006,757],{"class":756},[52,30008,1772],{"class":66},[52,30010,768],{"class":756},[52,30012,30013],{"class":760},"wash dishes",[52,30015,757],{"class":756},[52,30017,11602],{"class":66},[52,30019,30020,30022,30025,30027,30029,30031,30034,30036],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30021,11586],{"class":756},[52,30023,30024],{"class":760},"second",[52,30026,757],{"class":756},[52,30028,1772],{"class":66},[52,30030,768],{"class":756},[52,30032,30033],{"class":760},"do homework",[52,30035,757],{"class":756},[52,30037,11602],{"class":66},[52,30039,30040,30042,30045,30047,30049,30051,30054],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,30041,11586],{"class":756},[52,30043,30044],{"class":760},"third",[52,30046,757],{"class":756},[52,30048,1772],{"class":66},[52,30050,768],{"class":756},[52,30052,30053],{"class":760},"read book",[52,30055,3465],{"class":756},[52,30057,30058],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,30059,9394],{"class":66},[52,30061,30062],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,30063,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,30065,30066,30069,30072],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,30067,30068],{"class":1195},"while",[52,30070,30071],{"class":58}," tasks",[52,30073,1689],{"class":66},[52,30075,30076,30079,30081,30083,30085,30087,30089,30091],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,30077,30078],{"class":58},"    key",[52,30080,74],{"class":66},[52,30082,21679],{"class":58},[52,30084,63],{"class":62},[52,30086,30071],{"class":58},[52,30088,242],{"class":66},[52,30090,28642],{"class":108},[52,30092,8729],{"class":66},[52,30094,30095,30097,30099,30101,30103,30105,30107,30109,30111,30113,30115,30117,30119],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,30096,8154],{"class":101},[52,30098,105],{"class":66},[52,30100,22389],{"class":2184},[52,30102,757],{"class":760},[52,30104,9363],{"class":70},[52,30106,14932],{"class":108},[52,30108,22398],{"class":70},[52,30110,22401],{"class":760},[52,30112,9363],{"class":70},[52,30114,2588],{"class":108},[52,30116,22398],{"class":70},[52,30118,757],{"class":760},[52,30120,112],{"class":66},[20,30122,30123],{},[3842,30124,30125],{},"Possible output:",[43,30127,30129],{"className":45,"code":30128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,30130,30131,30140,30149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30132,30133,30135,30137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30134,30044],{"class":58},[52,30136,1772],{"class":66},[52,30138,30139],{"class":58}," read book\n",[52,30141,30142,30144,30146],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,30143,30024],{"class":58},[52,30145,1772],{"class":66},[52,30147,30148],{"class":58}," do homework\n",[52,30150,30151,30153,30155],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30152,30004],{"class":58},[52,30154,1772],{"class":66},[52,30156,30157],{"class":58}," wash dishes\n",[20,30159,29156,30160,30162],{},[15,30161,12858],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[38,30164,1766],{"id":1765},[20,30166,14824,30167,1772],{},[15,30168,12858],{},[153,30170,30171,30185,30204,30215],{},[156,30172,30173,30178],{},[3842,30174,29745,30175,30177],{},[15,30176,12858],{}," on an empty dictionary",[153,30179,30180],{},[156,30181,30182,30183,242],{},"This raises ",[15,30184,19781],{},[156,30186,30187,30192],{},[3842,30188,8538,30189,30191],{},[15,30190,12858],{}," to remove a specific key",[153,30193,30194,30197],{},[156,30195,30196],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[156,30198,133,30199,30203],{},[236,30200,30201],{"href":12654},[15,30202,12851],{}," if you need that.",[156,30205,30206,30210],{},[3842,30207,4796,30208,27794],{},[15,30209,12858],{},[153,30211,30212],{},[156,30213,30214],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[156,30216,30217,30220],{},[3842,30218,30219],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[153,30221,30222],{},[156,30223,30224,22070,30226,30228],{},[15,30225,12858],{},[15,30227,21750],{}," tuple.",[20,30230,30231],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[43,30233,30235],{"className":45,"code":30234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,30236,30237,30247,30261,30265,30279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30238,30239,30241,30243,30245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30240,118],{"class":101},[52,30242,105],{"class":66},[52,30244,11539],{"class":108},[52,30246,112],{"class":66},[52,30248,30249,30251,30253,30255,30257,30259],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,30250,118],{"class":101},[52,30252,105],{"class":66},[52,30254,11250],{"class":101},[52,30256,105],{"class":66},[52,30258,11539],{"class":108},[52,30260,510],{"class":66},[52,30262,30263],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30264,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,30266,30267,30269,30271,30273,30275,30277],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,30268,28633],{"class":58},[52,30270,63],{"class":62},[52,30272,11853],{"class":58},[52,30274,242],{"class":66},[52,30276,28642],{"class":108},[52,30278,8729],{"class":66},[52,30280,30281,30283,30285,30287],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,30282,118],{"class":101},[52,30284,105],{"class":66},[52,30286,23406],{"class":108},[52,30288,112],{"class":66},[20,30290,30291],{},"Or with unpacking:",[43,30293,30295],{"className":45,"code":30294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,30296,30297,30315,30325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30298,30299,30301,30303,30305,30307,30309,30311,30313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30300,14932],{"class":58},[52,30302,74],{"class":66},[52,30304,21679],{"class":58},[52,30306,63],{"class":62},[52,30308,11853],{"class":58},[52,30310,242],{"class":66},[52,30312,28642],{"class":108},[52,30314,8729],{"class":66},[52,30316,30317,30319,30321,30323],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,30318,118],{"class":101},[52,30320,105],{"class":66},[52,30322,14932],{"class":108},[52,30324,112],{"class":66},[52,30326,30327,30329,30331,30333],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30328,118],{"class":101},[52,30330,105],{"class":66},[52,30332,2588],{"class":108},[52,30334,112],{"class":66},[38,30336,1919],{"id":1918},[461,30338,1923,30340,1926],{"id":30339},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,30341,12858],{},[20,30343,30344,30345,242],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,30346,30347],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[461,30349,12792,30351,30353],{"id":30350},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,30352,12858],{}," remove the last item?",[20,30355,30356],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[461,30358,30360,30361,30363],{"id":30359},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,30362,12858],{}," removes?",[20,30365,1939,30366,30370],{},[236,30367,30368],{"href":12654},[15,30369,12851],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[461,30372,12792,30374,14987],{"id":30373},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,30375,12858],{},[20,30377,30378],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[461,30380,30382,30383,30385],{"id":30381},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,30384,12858],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,30387,30388,30389,30391,30392,242],{},"It raises ",[15,30390,19781],{}," with the message ",[15,30393,29792],{},[38,30395,1986],{"id":1985},[153,30397,30398,30405,30411,30417,30423,30430,30434,30438],{},[156,30399,30400],{},[236,30401,30402,30404],{"href":12654},[15,30403,12851],{}," method for dictionaries",[156,30406,30407],{},[236,30408,30409,30404],{"href":17168},[15,30410,17171],{},[156,30412,30413],{},[236,30414,30415,30404],{"href":17155},[15,30416,17158],{},[156,30418,30419],{},[236,30420,30421,30404],{"href":17161},[15,30422,17164],{},[156,30424,30425],{},[236,30426,30428,30404],{"href":30427},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,30429,11410],{},[156,30431,30432],{},[236,30433,12875],{"href":12661},[156,30435,30436],{},[236,30437,21552],{"href":16689},[156,30439,30440],{},[236,30441,30442,30443],{"href":29956},"Fix ",[15,30444,29959],{},[2029,30446,30447],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":30449},[30450,30451,30453,30454,30455,30456,30457,30458,30463,30468,30470,30471,30483],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":28729,"depth":93,"text":30452},"What popitem() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":28799,"depth":93,"text":28800},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":29152,"depth":93,"text":29153},{"id":29344,"depth":93,"text":29345},{"id":29472,"depth":93,"text":30459,"children":30460},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[30461,30462],{"id":28642,"depth":115,"text":12858},{"id":26336,"depth":115,"text":12851},{"id":29741,"depth":93,"text":29742,"children":30464},[30465,30466],{"id":29798,"depth":115,"text":29799},{"id":29873,"depth":115,"text":30467},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29962,"depth":93,"text":30469},"When to use popitem()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":30472},[30473,30475,30477,30479,30481],{"id":30339,"depth":115,"text":30474},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":30350,"depth":115,"text":30476},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":30359,"depth":115,"text":30478},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":30373,"depth":115,"text":30480},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":30381,"depth":115,"text":30482},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":28468,"description":30484},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30491,"title":30492,"body":30493,"description":32396,"extension":2083,"meta":32397,"navigation":296,"path":14123,"seo":32398,"stem":32399,"__hash__":32400},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30494,"toc":32368},[30495,30500,30505,30508,30510,30607,30612,30617,30622,30625,30633,30636,30651,30653,30753,30755,30812,30816,30818,30821,30841,30846,30857,30860,30887,30890,30892,30949,30951,30972,30978,30983,30986,30997,30999,31107,31109,31162,31164,31176,31183,31189,31194,31197,31285,31287,31332,31335,31343,31346,31349,31418,31421,31424,31428,31431,31502,31504,31557,31560,31563,31566,31581,31584,31596,31599,31662,31664,31670,31672,31674,31753,31755,31796,31798,31863,31865,31902,31907,31912,31916,31930,31933,32056,32058,32143,32148,32150,32154,32176,32179,32259,32262,32281,32286,32288,32294,32299,32305,32308,32314,32317,32323,32328,32334,32340,32342,32365],[10,30496,11407,30498,11411],{"id":30497},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30499,15045],{},[20,30501,2100,30502,30504],{},[15,30503,15045],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30506,30507],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[38,30509,41],{"id":40},[43,30511,30513],{"className":45,"code":30512,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30514,30515,30551,30592,30602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30516,30517,30519,30521,30523,30525,30527,30529,30531,30533,30535,30537,30539,30541,30543,30545,30547,30549],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30518,13294],{"class":58},[52,30520,63],{"class":62},[52,30522,10577],{"class":66},[52,30524,757],{"class":756},[52,30526,7751],{"class":760},[52,30528,757],{"class":756},[52,30530,1772],{"class":66},[52,30532,768],{"class":756},[52,30534,12969],{"class":760},[52,30536,757],{"class":756},[52,30538,74],{"class":66},[52,30540,768],{"class":756},[52,30542,9384],{"class":760},[52,30544,757],{"class":756},[52,30546,1772],{"class":66},[52,30548,7874],{"class":70},[52,30550,9394],{"class":66},[52,30552,30553,30555,30557,30560,30562,30564,30566,30568,30570,30573,30575,30577,30579,30581,30583,30585,30587,30589],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,30554,17400],{"class":58},[52,30556,242],{"class":66},[52,30558,30559],{"class":108},"update",[52,30561,5618],{"class":66},[52,30563,757],{"class":756},[52,30565,9384],{"class":760},[52,30567,757],{"class":756},[52,30569,1772],{"class":66},[52,30571,30572],{"class":70}," 21",[52,30574,74],{"class":66},[52,30576,768],{"class":756},[52,30578,10495],{"class":760},[52,30580,757],{"class":756},[52,30582,1772],{"class":66},[52,30584,768],{"class":756},[52,30586,16123],{"class":760},[52,30588,757],{"class":756},[52,30590,30591],{"class":66},"})\n",[52,30593,30594,30596,30598,30600],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30595,118],{"class":101},[52,30597,105],{"class":66},[52,30599,17400],{"class":108},[52,30601,112],{"class":66},[52,30603,30604],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,30605,30606],{"class":129},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30608,133,30609,30611],{},[15,30610,15045],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[38,30613,140,30615,143],{"id":30614},"what-update-does",[15,30616,15045],{},[20,30618,30619,30621],{},[15,30620,15045],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30623,30624],{},"It can do two main things:",[153,30626,30627,30630],{},[156,30628,30629],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[156,30631,30632],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30634,30635],{},"Important things to know:",[153,30637,30638,30641,30644,30648],{},[156,30639,30640],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[156,30642,30643],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[156,30645,5240,30646],{},[15,30647,3878],{},[156,30649,30650],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30652,2324],{},[43,30654,30656],{"className":45,"code":30655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30657,30658,30700,30743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30659,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30679,30681,30683,30685,30687,30689,30691,30693,30696,30698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30661,12952],{"class":58},[52,30663,63],{"class":62},[52,30665,10577],{"class":66},[52,30667,757],{"class":756},[52,30669,7751],{"class":760},[52,30671,757],{"class":756},[52,30673,1772],{"class":66},[52,30675,768],{"class":756},[52,30677,30678],{"class":760},"Mira",[52,30680,757],{"class":756},[52,30682,74],{"class":66},[52,30684,768],{"class":756},[52,30686,19985],{"class":760},[52,30688,757],{"class":756},[52,30690,1772],{"class":66},[52,30692,768],{"class":756},[52,30694,30695],{"class":760},"B",[52,30697,757],{"class":756},[52,30699,9394],{"class":66},[52,30701,30702,30704,30706,30708,30710,30712,30714,30716,30718,30720,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30739,30741],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,30703,13716],{"class":58},[52,30705,242],{"class":66},[52,30707,30559],{"class":108},[52,30709,5618],{"class":66},[52,30711,757],{"class":756},[52,30713,19985],{"class":760},[52,30715,757],{"class":756},[52,30717,1772],{"class":66},[52,30719,768],{"class":756},[52,30721,22340],{"class":760},[52,30723,757],{"class":756},[52,30725,74],{"class":66},[52,30727,768],{"class":756},[52,30729,10495],{"class":760},[52,30731,757],{"class":756},[52,30733,1772],{"class":66},[52,30735,768],{"class":756},[52,30737,30738],{"class":760},"Quito",[52,30740,757],{"class":756},[52,30742,30591],{"class":66},[52,30744,30745,30747,30749,30751],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30746,118],{"class":101},[52,30748,105],{"class":66},[52,30750,13716],{"class":108},[52,30752,112],{"class":66},[20,30754,311],{},[43,30756,30758],{"className":45,"code":30757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30759,30760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30761,30762,30764,30766,30768,30770,30772,30774,30776,30778,30780,30782,30784,30786,30788,30790,30792,30794,30796,30798,30800,30802,30804,30806,30808,30810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30763,9363],{"class":66},[52,30765,3406],{"class":756},[52,30767,7751],{"class":760},[52,30769,3406],{"class":756},[52,30771,1772],{"class":66},[52,30773,3401],{"class":756},[52,30775,30678],{"class":760},[52,30777,3406],{"class":756},[52,30779,74],{"class":66},[52,30781,3401],{"class":756},[52,30783,19985],{"class":760},[52,30785,3406],{"class":756},[52,30787,1772],{"class":66},[52,30789,3401],{"class":756},[52,30791,22340],{"class":760},[52,30793,3406],{"class":756},[52,30795,74],{"class":66},[52,30797,3401],{"class":756},[52,30799,10495],{"class":760},[52,30801,3406],{"class":756},[52,30803,1772],{"class":66},[52,30805,3401],{"class":756},[52,30807,30738],{"class":760},[52,30809,3406],{"class":756},[52,30811,9394],{"class":66},[20,30813,9237,30814,242],{},[236,30815,24723],{"href":9476},[38,30817,181],{"id":180},[20,30819,30820],{},"The basic form is:",[43,30822,30824],{"className":45,"code":30823,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30825,30826],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30827,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30829,15696],{"class":58},[52,30831,242],{"class":66},[52,30833,30559],{"class":108},[52,30835,105],{"class":66},[52,30837,30838],{"class":108},"other",[52,30840,112],{"class":66},[20,30842,30843,30845],{},[15,30844,30838],{}," can be:",[153,30847,30848,30851,30854],{},[156,30849,30850],{},"Another dictionary",[156,30852,30853],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[156,30855,30856],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30858,30859],{},"You can also use:",[43,30861,30863],{"className":45,"code":30862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30864,30865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30866,30867,30869,30871,30873,30875,30877,30879,30881,30883,30885],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30868,15696],{"class":58},[52,30870,242],{"class":66},[52,30872,30559],{"class":108},[52,30874,105],{"class":66},[52,30876,7751],{"class":201},[52,30878,63],{"class":62},[52,30880,757],{"class":756},[52,30882,7760],{"class":760},[52,30884,757],{"class":756},[52,30886,112],{"class":66},[20,30888,30889],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30891,2324],{},[43,30893,30895],{"className":45,"code":30894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30896,30897,30917,30939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30898,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30900,9251],{"class":58},[52,30902,63],{"class":62},[52,30904,10577],{"class":66},[52,30906,757],{"class":756},[52,30908,236],{"class":760},[52,30910,757],{"class":756},[52,30912,1772],{"class":66},[52,30914,5586],{"class":70},[52,30916,9394],{"class":66},[52,30918,30919,30921,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30933,30935,30937],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,30920,9289],{"class":58},[52,30922,242],{"class":66},[52,30924,30559],{"class":108},[52,30926,5618],{"class":66},[52,30928,757],{"class":756},[52,30930,236],{"class":760},[52,30932,757],{"class":756},[52,30934,1772],{"class":66},[52,30936,270],{"class":70},[52,30938,30591],{"class":66},[52,30940,30941,30943,30945,30947],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,30942,118],{"class":101},[52,30944,105],{"class":66},[52,30946,9289],{"class":108},[52,30948,112],{"class":66},[20,30950,311],{},[43,30952,30954],{"className":45,"code":30953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30955,30956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,30957,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,30959,9363],{"class":66},[52,30961,3406],{"class":756},[52,30963,236],{"class":760},[52,30965,3406],{"class":756},[52,30967,1772],{"class":66},[52,30969,270],{"class":70},[52,30971,9394],{"class":66},[38,30973,1372,30975,30977],{"id":30974},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30976,15045],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30979,30980,30981,242],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30982,15045],{},[20,30984,30985],{},"It is useful when:",[153,30987,30988,30991,30994],{},[156,30989,30990],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[156,30992,30993],{},"Adding extra settings",[156,30995,30996],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30998,2324],{},[43,31000,31002],{"className":45,"code":31001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,31003,31004,31041,31078,31082,31097],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31005,31006,31008,31010,31012,31014,31016,31018,31020,31022,31024,31026,31028,31030,31032,31034,31036,31039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31007,13916],{"class":58},[52,31009,63],{"class":62},[52,31011,10577],{"class":66},[52,31013,757],{"class":756},[52,31015,12582],{"class":760},[52,31017,757],{"class":756},[52,31019,1772],{"class":66},[52,31021,768],{"class":756},[52,31023,21022],{"class":760},[52,31025,757],{"class":756},[52,31027,74],{"class":66},[52,31029,768],{"class":756},[52,31031,13941],{"class":760},[52,31033,757],{"class":756},[52,31035,1772],{"class":66},[52,31037,31038],{"class":70}," 12",[52,31040,9394],{"class":66},[52,31042,31043,31046,31048,31050,31052,31054,31056,31058,31060,31062,31064,31066,31068,31070,31072,31074,31076],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31044,31045],{"class":58},"new_settings ",[52,31047,63],{"class":62},[52,31049,10577],{"class":66},[52,31051,757],{"class":756},[52,31053,13941],{"class":760},[52,31055,757],{"class":756},[52,31057,1772],{"class":66},[52,31059,13948],{"class":70},[52,31061,74],{"class":66},[52,31063,768],{"class":756},[52,31065,20217],{"class":760},[52,31067,757],{"class":756},[52,31069,1772],{"class":66},[52,31071,768],{"class":756},[52,31073,20251],{"class":760},[52,31075,757],{"class":756},[52,31077,9394],{"class":66},[52,31079,31080],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31081,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,31083,31084,31086,31088,31090,31092,31095],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,31085,13975],{"class":58},[52,31087,242],{"class":66},[52,31089,30559],{"class":108},[52,31091,105],{"class":66},[52,31093,31094],{"class":108},"new_settings",[52,31096,112],{"class":66},[52,31098,31099,31101,31103,31105],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,31100,118],{"class":101},[52,31102,105],{"class":66},[52,31104,13975],{"class":108},[52,31106,112],{"class":66},[20,31108,311],{},[43,31110,31112],{"className":45,"code":31111,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,31113,31114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31115,31116,31118,31120,31122,31124,31126,31128,31130,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31117,9363],{"class":66},[52,31119,3406],{"class":756},[52,31121,12582],{"class":760},[52,31123,3406],{"class":756},[52,31125,1772],{"class":66},[52,31127,3401],{"class":756},[52,31129,21022],{"class":760},[52,31131,3406],{"class":756},[52,31133,74],{"class":66},[52,31135,3401],{"class":756},[52,31137,13941],{"class":760},[52,31139,3406],{"class":756},[52,31141,1772],{"class":66},[52,31143,13948],{"class":70},[52,31145,74],{"class":66},[52,31147,3401],{"class":756},[52,31149,20217],{"class":760},[52,31151,3406],{"class":756},[52,31153,1772],{"class":66},[52,31155,3401],{"class":756},[52,31157,20251],{"class":760},[52,31159,3406],{"class":756},[52,31161,9394],{"class":66},[20,31163,13499],{},[153,31165,31166,31171],{},[156,31167,31168,31170],{},[15,31169,13941],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[156,31172,31173,31175],{},[15,31174,20217],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,31177,31178,31179,242],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[236,31180,31182],{"href":31181},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[38,31184,1372,31186,31188],{"id":31185},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,31187,15045],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,31190,31191,31193],{},[15,31192,15045],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,31195,31196],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[43,31198,31200],{"className":45,"code":31199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,31201,31202,31222,31257,31261,31275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31203,31204,31206,31208,31210,31212,31214,31216,31218,31220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31205,5157],{"class":58},[52,31207,63],{"class":62},[52,31209,10577],{"class":66},[52,31211,757],{"class":756},[52,31213,18510],{"class":760},[52,31215,757],{"class":756},[52,31217,1772],{"class":66},[52,31219,19992],{"class":70},[52,31221,9394],{"class":66},[52,31223,31224,31226,31228,31230,31232,31234,31236,31238,31240,31242,31244,31246,31249,31251,31253,31255],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31225,9300],{"class":58},[52,31227,63],{"class":62},[52,31229,9305],{"class":66},[52,31231,757],{"class":756},[52,31233,18519],{"class":760},[52,31235,757],{"class":756},[52,31237,74],{"class":66},[52,31239,13597],{"class":70},[52,31241,9318],{"class":66},[52,31243,9321],{"class":66},[52,31245,757],{"class":756},[52,31247,31248],{"class":760},"english",[52,31250,757],{"class":756},[52,31252,74],{"class":66},[52,31254,29015],{"class":70},[52,31256,9334],{"class":66},[52,31258,31259],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31260,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,31262,31263,31265,31267,31269,31271,31273],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,31264,16481],{"class":58},[52,31266,242],{"class":66},[52,31268,30559],{"class":108},[52,31270,105],{"class":66},[52,31272,9347],{"class":108},[52,31274,112],{"class":66},[52,31276,31277,31279,31281,31283],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,31278,118],{"class":101},[52,31280,105],{"class":66},[52,31282,16481],{"class":108},[52,31284,112],{"class":66},[20,31286,311],{},[43,31288,31290],{"className":45,"code":31289,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,31291,31292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31293,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312,31314,31316,31318,31320,31322,31324,31326,31328,31330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31295,9363],{"class":66},[52,31297,3406],{"class":756},[52,31299,18510],{"class":760},[52,31301,3406],{"class":756},[52,31303,1772],{"class":66},[52,31305,19992],{"class":70},[52,31307,74],{"class":66},[52,31309,3401],{"class":756},[52,31311,18519],{"class":760},[52,31313,3406],{"class":756},[52,31315,1772],{"class":66},[52,31317,13597],{"class":70},[52,31319,74],{"class":66},[52,31321,3401],{"class":756},[52,31323,31248],{"class":760},[52,31325,3406],{"class":756},[52,31327,1772],{"class":66},[52,31329,29015],{"class":70},[52,31331,9394],{"class":66},[20,31333,31334],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[153,31336,31337,31340],{},[156,31338,31339],{},"The key",[156,31341,31342],{},"The value",[20,31344,31345],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,31347,31348],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[43,31350,31352],{"className":45,"code":31351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,31353,31354,31374,31399,31403],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31355,31356,31358,31360,31362,31364,31366,31368,31370,31372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31357,9251],{"class":58},[52,31359,63],{"class":62},[52,31361,10577],{"class":66},[52,31363,757],{"class":756},[52,31365,236],{"class":760},[52,31367,757],{"class":756},[52,31369,1772],{"class":66},[52,31371,5586],{"class":70},[52,31373,9394],{"class":66},[52,31375,31376,31379,31381,31383,31385,31387,31389,31391,31393,31395,31397],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31377,31378],{"class":58},"bad_pairs ",[52,31380,63],{"class":62},[52,31382,9305],{"class":66},[52,31384,757],{"class":756},[52,31386,4853],{"class":760},[52,31388,757],{"class":756},[52,31390,74],{"class":66},[52,31392,77],{"class":70},[52,31394,74],{"class":66},[52,31396,82],{"class":70},[52,31398,9334],{"class":66},[52,31400,31401],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31402,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,31404,31405,31407,31409,31411,31413,31416],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,31406,9289],{"class":58},[52,31408,242],{"class":66},[52,31410,30559],{"class":108},[52,31412,105],{"class":66},[52,31414,31415],{"class":108},"bad_pairs",[52,31417,112],{"class":66},[20,31419,31420],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,31422,31423],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[38,31425,31427],{"id":31426},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,31429,31430],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[43,31432,31434],{"className":45,"code":31433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,31435,31436,31460,31492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31437,31438,31440,31442,31444,31446,31448,31450,31452,31454,31456,31458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31439,11576],{"class":58},[52,31441,63],{"class":62},[52,31443,10577],{"class":66},[52,31445,757],{"class":756},[52,31447,7751],{"class":760},[52,31449,757],{"class":756},[52,31451,1772],{"class":66},[52,31453,768],{"class":756},[52,31455,29008],{"class":760},[52,31457,757],{"class":756},[52,31459,9394],{"class":66},[52,31461,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31481,31483,31485,31488,31490],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31463,11670],{"class":58},[52,31465,242],{"class":66},[52,31467,30559],{"class":108},[52,31469,105],{"class":66},[52,31471,9384],{"class":201},[52,31473,63],{"class":62},[52,31475,9278],{"class":70},[52,31477,74],{"class":66},[52,31479,31480],{"class":201}," city",[52,31482,63],{"class":62},[52,31484,757],{"class":756},[52,31486,31487],{"class":760},"Madrid",[52,31489,757],{"class":756},[52,31491,112],{"class":66},[52,31493,31494,31496,31498,31500],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31495,118],{"class":101},[52,31497,105],{"class":66},[52,31499,11670],{"class":108},[52,31501,112],{"class":66},[20,31503,311],{},[43,31505,31507],{"className":45,"code":31506,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31508,31509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31510,31511,31513,31515,31517,31519,31521,31523,31525,31527,31529,31531,31533,31535,31537,31539,31541,31543,31545,31547,31549,31551,31553,31555],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31512,9363],{"class":66},[52,31514,3406],{"class":756},[52,31516,7751],{"class":760},[52,31518,3406],{"class":756},[52,31520,1772],{"class":66},[52,31522,3401],{"class":756},[52,31524,29008],{"class":760},[52,31526,3406],{"class":756},[52,31528,74],{"class":66},[52,31530,3401],{"class":756},[52,31532,9384],{"class":760},[52,31534,3406],{"class":756},[52,31536,1772],{"class":66},[52,31538,9391],{"class":70},[52,31540,74],{"class":66},[52,31542,3401],{"class":756},[52,31544,10495],{"class":760},[52,31546,3406],{"class":756},[52,31548,1772],{"class":66},[52,31550,3401],{"class":756},[52,31552,31487],{"class":760},[52,31554,3406],{"class":756},[52,31556,9394],{"class":66},[20,31558,31559],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31561,31562],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31564,31565],{},"These work:",[153,31567,31568,31572,31576],{},[156,31569,31570],{},[15,31571,9384],{},[156,31573,31574],{},[15,31575,10495],{},[156,31577,31578],{},[15,31579,31580],{},"first_name",[20,31582,31583],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[153,31585,31586,31591],{},[156,31587,31588],{},[15,31589,31590],{},"\"first name\"",[156,31592,31593],{},[15,31594,31595],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31597,31598],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[43,31600,31602],{"className":45,"code":31601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31603,31604,31612,31652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31605,31606,31608,31610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31607,11576],{"class":58},[52,31609,63],{"class":62},[52,31611,9924],{"class":66},[52,31613,31614,31616,31618,31620,31622,31624,31626,31628,31630,31632,31634,31636,31638,31640,31643,31645,31647,31650],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31615,11670],{"class":58},[52,31617,242],{"class":66},[52,31619,30559],{"class":108},[52,31621,5618],{"class":66},[52,31623,757],{"class":756},[52,31625,10599],{"class":760},[52,31627,757],{"class":756},[52,31629,1772],{"class":66},[52,31631,768],{"class":756},[52,31633,29008],{"class":760},[52,31635,757],{"class":756},[52,31637,74],{"class":66},[52,31639,768],{"class":756},[52,31641,31642],{"class":760},"user-id",[52,31644,757],{"class":756},[52,31646,1772],{"class":66},[52,31648,31649],{"class":70}," 1001",[52,31651,30591],{"class":66},[52,31653,31654,31656,31658,31660],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31655,118],{"class":101},[52,31657,105],{"class":66},[52,31659,11670],{"class":108},[52,31661,112],{"class":66},[38,31663,17512],{"id":17511},[20,31665,31666,2514,31668,242],{},[15,31667,15045],{},[15,31669,3878],{},[20,31671,14139],{},[20,31673,24803],{},[43,31675,31677],{"className":45,"code":31676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31678,31679,31703,31729,31733,31743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31680,31681,31683,31685,31687,31689,31691,31693,31695,31697,31699,31701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31682,13294],{"class":58},[52,31684,63],{"class":62},[52,31686,10577],{"class":66},[52,31688,757],{"class":756},[52,31690,7751],{"class":760},[52,31692,757],{"class":756},[52,31694,1772],{"class":66},[52,31696,768],{"class":756},[52,31698,12969],{"class":760},[52,31700,757],{"class":756},[52,31702,9394],{"class":66},[52,31704,31705,31707,31709,31711,31713,31715,31717,31719,31721,31723,31725,31727],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31706,2347],{"class":58},[52,31708,63],{"class":62},[52,31710,13337],{"class":58},[52,31712,242],{"class":66},[52,31714,30559],{"class":108},[52,31716,5618],{"class":66},[52,31718,757],{"class":756},[52,31720,9384],{"class":760},[52,31722,757],{"class":756},[52,31724,1772],{"class":66},[52,31726,7874],{"class":70},[52,31728,30591],{"class":66},[52,31730,31731],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31732,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,31734,31735,31737,31739,31741],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,31736,118],{"class":101},[52,31738,105],{"class":66},[52,31740,2382],{"class":108},[52,31742,112],{"class":66},[52,31744,31745,31747,31749,31751],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,31746,118],{"class":101},[52,31748,105],{"class":66},[52,31750,17400],{"class":108},[52,31752,112],{"class":66},[20,31754,311],{},[43,31756,31758],{"className":45,"code":31757,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31759,31760,31764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31761,31762],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31763,11895],{"class":674},[52,31765,31766,31768,31770,31772,31774,31776,31778,31780,31782,31784,31786,31788,31790,31792,31794],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31767,9363],{"class":66},[52,31769,3406],{"class":756},[52,31771,7751],{"class":760},[52,31773,3406],{"class":756},[52,31775,1772],{"class":66},[52,31777,3401],{"class":756},[52,31779,12969],{"class":760},[52,31781,3406],{"class":756},[52,31783,74],{"class":66},[52,31785,3401],{"class":756},[52,31787,9384],{"class":760},[52,31789,3406],{"class":756},[52,31791,1772],{"class":66},[52,31793,7874],{"class":70},[52,31795,9394],{"class":66},[20,31797,16748],{},[43,31799,31801],{"className":45,"code":31800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31802,31803,31827,31849,31853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31804,31805,31807,31809,31811,31813,31815,31817,31819,31821,31823,31825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31806,13294],{"class":58},[52,31808,63],{"class":62},[52,31810,10577],{"class":66},[52,31812,757],{"class":756},[52,31814,7751],{"class":760},[52,31816,757],{"class":756},[52,31818,1772],{"class":66},[52,31820,768],{"class":756},[52,31822,12969],{"class":760},[52,31824,757],{"class":756},[52,31826,9394],{"class":66},[52,31828,31829,31831,31833,31835,31837,31839,31841,31843,31845,31847],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31830,17400],{"class":58},[52,31832,242],{"class":66},[52,31834,30559],{"class":108},[52,31836,5618],{"class":66},[52,31838,757],{"class":756},[52,31840,9384],{"class":760},[52,31842,757],{"class":756},[52,31844,1772],{"class":66},[52,31846,7874],{"class":70},[52,31848,30591],{"class":66},[52,31850,31851],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31852,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,31854,31855,31857,31859,31861],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,31856,118],{"class":101},[52,31858,105],{"class":66},[52,31860,17400],{"class":108},[52,31862,112],{"class":66},[20,31864,311],{},[43,31866,31868],{"className":45,"code":31867,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31869,31870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31871,31872,31874,31876,31878,31880,31882,31884,31886,31888,31890,31892,31894,31896,31898,31900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31873,9363],{"class":66},[52,31875,3406],{"class":756},[52,31877,7751],{"class":760},[52,31879,3406],{"class":756},[52,31881,1772],{"class":66},[52,31883,3401],{"class":756},[52,31885,12969],{"class":760},[52,31887,3406],{"class":756},[52,31889,74],{"class":66},[52,31891,3401],{"class":756},[52,31893,9384],{"class":760},[52,31895,3406],{"class":756},[52,31897,1772],{"class":66},[52,31899,7874],{"class":70},[52,31901,9394],{"class":66},[20,31903,31904,31905,242],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[236,31906,17998],{"href":10818},[38,31908,5054,31910],{"id":31909},"when-to-use-update",[15,31911,15045],{},[20,31913,133,31914,10688],{},[15,31915,15045],{},[153,31917,31918,31921,31924,31927],{},[156,31919,31920],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[156,31922,31923],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[156,31925,31926],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[156,31928,31929],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31931,31932],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[43,31934,31936],{"className":45,"code":31935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31937,31938,31974,31989,31993,32032,32036,32046],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,31939,31940,31942,31944,31946,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,31941,12173],{"class":58},[52,31943,63],{"class":62},[52,31945,10577],{"class":66},[52,31947,757],{"class":756},[52,31949,7751],{"class":760},[52,31951,757],{"class":756},[52,31953,1772],{"class":66},[52,31955,768],{"class":756},[52,31957,12969],{"class":760},[52,31959,757],{"class":756},[52,31961,74],{"class":66},[52,31963,768],{"class":756},[52,31965,9384],{"class":760},[52,31967,757],{"class":756},[52,31969,1772],{"class":66},[52,31971,7874],{"class":70},[52,31973,9394],{"class":66},[52,31975,31976,31979,31981,31983,31985,31987],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,31977,31978],{"class":58},"updated ",[52,31980,63],{"class":62},[52,31982,12248],{"class":58},[52,31984,242],{"class":66},[52,31986,13000],{"class":108},[52,31988,8729],{"class":66},[52,31990,31991],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,31992,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,31994,31995,31998,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010,32012,32014,32016,32018,32020,32022,32024,32026,32028,32030],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,31996,31997],{"class":58},"updated",[52,31999,242],{"class":66},[52,32001,30559],{"class":108},[52,32003,5618],{"class":66},[52,32005,757],{"class":756},[52,32007,9384],{"class":760},[52,32009,757],{"class":756},[52,32011,1772],{"class":66},[52,32013,30572],{"class":70},[52,32015,74],{"class":66},[52,32017,768],{"class":756},[52,32019,10495],{"class":760},[52,32021,757],{"class":756},[52,32023,1772],{"class":66},[52,32025,768],{"class":756},[52,32027,16123],{"class":760},[52,32029,757],{"class":756},[52,32031,30591],{"class":66},[52,32033,32034],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,32035,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,32037,32038,32040,32042,32044],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,32039,118],{"class":101},[52,32041,105],{"class":66},[52,32043,12220],{"class":108},[52,32045,112],{"class":66},[52,32047,32048,32050,32052,32054],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,32049,118],{"class":101},[52,32051,105],{"class":66},[52,32053,31997],{"class":108},[52,32055,112],{"class":66},[20,32057,311],{},[43,32059,32061],{"className":45,"code":32060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,32062,32063,32095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32064,32065,32067,32069,32071,32073,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091,32093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32066,9363],{"class":66},[52,32068,3406],{"class":756},[52,32070,7751],{"class":760},[52,32072,3406],{"class":756},[52,32074,1772],{"class":66},[52,32076,3401],{"class":756},[52,32078,12969],{"class":760},[52,32080,3406],{"class":756},[52,32082,74],{"class":66},[52,32084,3401],{"class":756},[52,32086,9384],{"class":760},[52,32088,3406],{"class":756},[52,32090,1772],{"class":66},[52,32092,7874],{"class":70},[52,32094,9394],{"class":66},[52,32096,32097,32099,32101,32103,32105,32107,32109,32111,32113,32115,32117,32119,32121,32123,32125,32127,32129,32131,32133,32135,32137,32139,32141],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,32098,9363],{"class":66},[52,32100,3406],{"class":756},[52,32102,7751],{"class":760},[52,32104,3406],{"class":756},[52,32106,1772],{"class":66},[52,32108,3401],{"class":756},[52,32110,12969],{"class":760},[52,32112,3406],{"class":756},[52,32114,74],{"class":66},[52,32116,3401],{"class":756},[52,32118,9384],{"class":760},[52,32120,3406],{"class":756},[52,32122,1772],{"class":66},[52,32124,30572],{"class":70},[52,32126,74],{"class":66},[52,32128,3401],{"class":756},[52,32130,10495],{"class":760},[52,32132,3406],{"class":756},[52,32134,1772],{"class":66},[52,32136,3401],{"class":756},[52,32138,16123],{"class":760},[52,32140,3406],{"class":756},[52,32142,9394],{"class":66},[20,32144,32145,32146,242],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[236,32147,16690],{"href":16689},[38,32149,1766],{"id":1765},[20,32151,10835,32152,1772],{},[15,32153,15045],{},[153,32155,32156,32163,32167,32170,32173],{},[156,32157,12682,32158,32160,32161],{},[15,32159,15045],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,32162,3878],{},[156,32164,8538,32165,12690],{},[15,32166,15045],{},[156,32168,32169],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[156,32171,32172],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[156,32174,32175],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,32177,32178],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[43,32180,32182],{"className":45,"code":32181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,32183,32184,32194,32208,32222,32244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32185,32186,32188,32190,32192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32187,118],{"class":101},[52,32189,105],{"class":66},[52,32191,11539],{"class":108},[52,32193,112],{"class":66},[52,32195,32196,32198,32200,32202,32204,32206],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,32197,118],{"class":101},[52,32199,105],{"class":66},[52,32201,1827],{"class":1184},[52,32203,105],{"class":66},[52,32205,9289],{"class":108},[52,32207,510],{"class":66},[52,32209,32210,32212,32214,32216,32218,32220],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32211,118],{"class":101},[52,32213,105],{"class":66},[52,32215,8179],{"class":1184},[52,32217,105],{"class":66},[52,32219,9289],{"class":108},[52,32221,510],{"class":66},[52,32223,32224,32226,32228,32230,32232,32234,32236,32238,32240,32242],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,32225,118],{"class":101},[52,32227,105],{"class":66},[52,32229,11539],{"class":108},[52,32231,242],{"class":66},[52,32233,19844],{"class":108},[52,32235,105],{"class":66},[52,32237,3406],{"class":756},[52,32239,14932],{"class":760},[52,32241,3406],{"class":756},[52,32243,510],{"class":66},[52,32245,32246,32249,32251,32253,32255,32257],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,32247,32248],{"class":101},"help",[52,32250,105],{"class":66},[52,32252,8908],{"class":1184},[52,32254,242],{"class":66},[52,32256,30559],{"class":24845},[52,32258,112],{"class":66},[20,32260,32261],{},"These can help you check:",[153,32263,32264,32267,32272,32275,32278],{},[156,32265,32266],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[156,32268,32269,32270],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,32271,15045],{},[156,32273,32274],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[156,32276,32277],{},"Whether a key exists",[156,32279,32280],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,32282,32283,32284,242],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[236,32285,11351],{"href":11162},[38,32287,1919],{"id":1918},[461,32289,12792,32291,32293],{"id":32290},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,32292,15045],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,32295,32296,32297,242],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,32298,3878],{},[461,32300,12792,32302,32304],{"id":32301},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,32303,15045],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,32306,32307],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[461,32309,1933,32311,32313],{"id":32310},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,32312,15045],{}," add new keys?",[20,32315,32316],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[461,32318,28423,32320,32322],{"id":32319},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,32321,15045],{}," with a list?",[20,32324,32325,32326,242],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,32327,11183],{},[461,32329,5270,32331,32333],{"id":32330},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,32332,15045],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,32335,32336,32337,32339],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,32338,15045],{}," can change many keys at once.",[38,32341,1986],{"id":1985},[153,32343,32344,32348,32352,32357,32361],{},[156,32345,32346],{},[236,32347,26190],{"href":9476},[156,32349,32350],{},[236,32351,11340],{"href":10818},[156,32353,32354],{},[236,32355,32356],{"href":31181},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[156,32358,32359],{},[236,32360,21552],{"href":16689},[156,32362,32363],{},[236,32364,11351],{"href":11162},[2029,32366,32367],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":32369},[32370,32371,32373,32374,32376,32378,32379,32380,32382,32383,32395],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":30614,"depth":93,"text":32372},"What update() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":30974,"depth":93,"text":32375},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":31185,"depth":93,"text":32377},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":31426,"depth":93,"text":31427},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":31909,"depth":93,"text":32381},"When to use update()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":32384},[32385,32387,32389,32391,32393],{"id":32290,"depth":115,"text":32386},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":32301,"depth":115,"text":32388},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":32310,"depth":115,"text":32390},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":32319,"depth":115,"text":32392},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":32330,"depth":115,"text":32394},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30492,"description":32396},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":32402,"title":32403,"body":32404,"description":34393,"extension":2083,"meta":34394,"navigation":296,"path":22990,"seo":34395,"stem":34396,"__hash__":34397},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":32405,"toc":34356},[32406,32411,32418,32421,32423,32522,32524,32579,32584,32589,32603,32608,32610,32625,32627,32641,32654,32659,32665,32672,32674,32781,32783,32832,32838,32913,32915,32936,32938,32941,33046,33048,33103,33105,33133,33137,33142,33221,33223,33243,33245,33256,33266,33270,33275,33379,33381,33406,33409,33420,33425,33434,33437,33454,33456,33543,33545,33608,33610,33633,33635,33640,33646,33651,33653,33692,33698,33701,33720,33731,33737,33740,33813,33815,33834,33839,33842,33865,33871,33874,33938,33941,34018,34025,34028,34087,34093,34095,34114,34118,34121,34172,34175,34195,34197,34258,34260,34265,34270,34275,34280,34285,34290,34296,34299,34308,34316,34318,34353],[10,32407,11407,32409,11411],{"id":32408},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,32410,17164],{},[20,32412,32413,32414,32417],{},"The Python ",[15,32415,32416],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,32419,32420],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[38,32422,41],{"id":40},[43,32424,32426],{"className":45,"code":32425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,32427,32428,32480,32494,32498,32508],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32429,32430,32432,32434,32436,32438,32440,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452,32454,32456,32458,32460,32462,32464,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32431,12952],{"class":58},[52,32433,63],{"class":62},[52,32435,10577],{"class":66},[52,32437,757],{"class":756},[52,32439,7751],{"class":760},[52,32441,757],{"class":756},[52,32443,1772],{"class":66},[52,32445,768],{"class":756},[52,32447,12969],{"class":760},[52,32449,757],{"class":756},[52,32451,74],{"class":66},[52,32453,768],{"class":756},[52,32455,9384],{"class":760},[52,32457,757],{"class":756},[52,32459,1772],{"class":66},[52,32461,7874],{"class":70},[52,32463,74],{"class":66},[52,32465,768],{"class":756},[52,32467,10495],{"class":760},[52,32469,757],{"class":756},[52,32471,1772],{"class":66},[52,32473,768],{"class":756},[52,32475,16123],{"class":760},[52,32477,757],{"class":756},[52,32479,9394],{"class":66},[52,32481,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,32483,474],{"class":58},[52,32485,63],{"class":62},[52,32487,12995],{"class":58},[52,32489,242],{"class":66},[52,32491,507],{"class":108},[52,32493,8729],{"class":66},[52,32495,32496],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32497,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,32499,32500,32502,32504,32506],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,32501,118],{"class":101},[52,32503,105],{"class":66},[52,32505,507],{"class":108},[52,32507,112],{"class":66},[52,32509,32510,32512,32514,32516,32518,32520],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,32511,118],{"class":101},[52,32513,105],{"class":66},[52,32515,8179],{"class":1184},[52,32517,105],{"class":66},[52,32519,507],{"class":108},[52,32521,510],{"class":66},[20,32523,311],{},[43,32525,32527],{"className":45,"code":32526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32528,32529,32555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32530,32531,32533,32535,32537,32539,32541,32543,32545,32547,32549,32551,32553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32532,17130],{"class":108},[52,32534,1058],{"class":66},[52,32536,3406],{"class":756},[52,32538,12969],{"class":760},[52,32540,3406],{"class":756},[52,32542,74],{"class":66},[52,32544,7874],{"class":70},[52,32546,74],{"class":66},[52,32548,3401],{"class":756},[52,32550,16123],{"class":760},[52,32552,3406],{"class":756},[52,32554,1858],{"class":66},[52,32556,32557,32559,32561,32563,32565,32567,32569,32571,32573,32575,32577],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,32558,3994],{"class":66},[52,32560,3406],{"class":756},[52,32562,12969],{"class":760},[52,32564,3406],{"class":756},[52,32566,74],{"class":66},[52,32568,7874],{"class":70},[52,32570,74],{"class":66},[52,32572,3401],{"class":756},[52,32574,16123],{"class":760},[52,32576,3406],{"class":756},[52,32578,90],{"class":66},[20,32580,32581,32583],{},[15,32582,17164],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[38,32585,140,32587,143],{"id":32586},"what-values-does",[15,32588,17164],{},[153,32590,32591,32594,32597,32600],{},[156,32592,32593],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[156,32595,32596],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[156,32598,32599],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[156,32601,32602],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32604,32605,32606,242],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[236,32607,9477],{"href":9476},[38,32609,181],{"id":180},[43,32611,32613],{"className":45,"code":32612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32614,32615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32616,32617,32619,32621,32623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32618,11539],{"class":58},[52,32620,242],{"class":66},[52,32622,507],{"class":108},[52,32624,8729],{"class":66},[20,32626,13141],{},[153,32628,32629,32633,32636],{},[156,32630,32631,11555],{},[15,32632,17164],{},[156,32634,32635],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[156,32637,32638,32639],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32640,17164],{},[20,32642,32643,32644,652,32649,242],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[236,32645,32646,32648],{"href":17155},[15,32647,17158],{}," for dictionary keys",[236,32650,32651,32653],{"href":17168},[15,32652,17171],{}," for key-value pairs",[38,32655,140,32657,11793],{"id":32656},"what-values-returns",[15,32658,17164],{},[20,32660,32661,22070,32663,29],{},[15,32662,17164],{},[15,32664,17130],{},[20,32666,32667,32668,32671],{},"This object is a ",[3842,32669,32670],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32673,2324],{},[43,32675,32677],{"className":45,"code":32676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32678,32679,32715,32719,32734,32745,32749,32771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32680,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707,32709,32711,32713],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32682,13294],{"class":58},[52,32684,63],{"class":62},[52,32686,10577],{"class":66},[52,32688,757],{"class":756},[52,32690,7751],{"class":760},[52,32692,757],{"class":756},[52,32694,1772],{"class":66},[52,32696,768],{"class":756},[52,32698,8006],{"class":760},[52,32700,757],{"class":756},[52,32702,74],{"class":66},[52,32704,768],{"class":756},[52,32706,9384],{"class":760},[52,32708,757],{"class":756},[52,32710,1772],{"class":66},[52,32712,9391],{"class":70},[52,32714,9394],{"class":66},[52,32716,32717],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,32718,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,32720,32721,32724,32726,32728,32730,32732],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32722,32723],{"class":58},"values_view ",[52,32725,63],{"class":62},[52,32727,13337],{"class":58},[52,32729,242],{"class":66},[52,32731,507],{"class":108},[52,32733,8729],{"class":66},[52,32735,32736,32738,32740,32743],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,32737,118],{"class":101},[52,32739,105],{"class":66},[52,32741,32742],{"class":108},"values_view",[52,32744,112],{"class":66},[52,32746,32747],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,32748,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,32750,32751,32753,32755,32757,32759,32761,32763,32765,32767,32769],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,32752,17400],{"class":58},[52,32754,3994],{"class":66},[52,32756,757],{"class":756},[52,32758,10495],{"class":760},[52,32760,757],{"class":756},[52,32762,13363],{"class":66},[52,32764,13366],{"class":62},[52,32766,768],{"class":756},[52,32768,30738],{"class":760},[52,32770,3465],{"class":756},[52,32772,32773,32775,32777,32779],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,32774,118],{"class":101},[52,32776,105],{"class":66},[52,32778,32742],{"class":108},[52,32780,112],{"class":66},[20,32782,311],{},[43,32784,32786],{"className":45,"code":32785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32787,32788,32806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32789,32790,32792,32794,32796,32798,32800,32802,32804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32791,17130],{"class":108},[52,32793,1058],{"class":66},[52,32795,3406],{"class":756},[52,32797,8006],{"class":760},[52,32799,3406],{"class":756},[52,32801,74],{"class":66},[52,32803,9391],{"class":70},[52,32805,1858],{"class":66},[52,32807,32808,32810,32812,32814,32816,32818,32820,32822,32824,32826,32828,32830],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,32809,17130],{"class":108},[52,32811,1058],{"class":66},[52,32813,3406],{"class":756},[52,32815,8006],{"class":760},[52,32817,3406],{"class":756},[52,32819,74],{"class":66},[52,32821,9391],{"class":70},[52,32823,74],{"class":66},[52,32825,3401],{"class":756},[52,32827,30738],{"class":760},[52,32829,3406],{"class":756},[52,32831,1858],{"class":66},[20,32833,32834,32835,242],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32836,32837],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[43,32839,32841],{"className":45,"code":32840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32842,32843,32879,32898,32902],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32844,32845,32847,32849,32851,32853,32855,32857,32859,32861,32863,32865,32867,32869,32871,32873,32875,32877],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32846,13294],{"class":58},[52,32848,63],{"class":62},[52,32850,10577],{"class":66},[52,32852,757],{"class":756},[52,32854,7751],{"class":760},[52,32856,757],{"class":756},[52,32858,1772],{"class":66},[52,32860,768],{"class":756},[52,32862,8006],{"class":760},[52,32864,757],{"class":756},[52,32866,74],{"class":66},[52,32868,768],{"class":756},[52,32870,9384],{"class":760},[52,32872,757],{"class":756},[52,32874,1772],{"class":66},[52,32876,9391],{"class":70},[52,32878,9394],{"class":66},[52,32880,32881,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894,32896],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,32882,32883],{"class":58},"values_list ",[52,32885,63],{"class":62},[52,32887,22655],{"class":1184},[52,32889,105],{"class":66},[52,32891,17400],{"class":108},[52,32893,242],{"class":66},[52,32895,507],{"class":108},[52,32897,7276],{"class":66},[52,32899,32900],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,32901,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,32903,32904,32906,32908,32911],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,32905,118],{"class":101},[52,32907,105],{"class":66},[52,32909,32910],{"class":108},"values_list",[52,32912,112],{"class":66},[20,32914,311],{},[43,32916,32918],{"className":45,"code":32917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32919,32920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32921,32922,32924,32926,32928,32930,32932,32934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32923,3994],{"class":66},[52,32925,3406],{"class":756},[52,32927,8006],{"class":760},[52,32929,3406],{"class":756},[52,32931,74],{"class":66},[52,32933,9391],{"class":70},[52,32935,90],{"class":66},[38,32937,246],{"id":245},[20,32939,32940],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[43,32942,32944],{"className":45,"code":32943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32945,32946,33000,33004,33018,33022,33032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,32947,32948,32950,32952,32954,32956,32958,32960,32962,32964,32966,32968,32970,32972,32974,32976,32978,32981,32983,32985,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,32949,24890],{"class":58},[52,32951,63],{"class":62},[52,32953,10577],{"class":66},[52,32955,757],{"class":756},[52,32957,24899],{"class":760},[52,32959,757],{"class":756},[52,32961,1772],{"class":66},[52,32963,768],{"class":756},[52,32965,24908],{"class":760},[52,32967,757],{"class":756},[52,32969,74],{"class":66},[52,32971,768],{"class":756},[52,32973,24917],{"class":760},[52,32975,757],{"class":756},[52,32977,1772],{"class":66},[52,32979,32980],{"class":70}," 2022",[52,32982,74],{"class":66},[52,32984,768],{"class":756},[52,32986,32987],{"class":760},"color",[52,32989,757],{"class":756},[52,32991,1772],{"class":66},[52,32993,768],{"class":756},[52,32995,13199],{"class":760},[52,32997,757],{"class":756},[52,32999,9394],{"class":66},[52,33001,33002],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33003,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,33005,33006,33008,33010,33012,33014,33016],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33007,2347],{"class":58},[52,33009,63],{"class":62},[52,33011,24939],{"class":58},[52,33013,242],{"class":66},[52,33015,507],{"class":108},[52,33017,8729],{"class":66},[52,33019,33020],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,33021,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,33023,33024,33026,33028,33030],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,33025,118],{"class":101},[52,33027,105],{"class":66},[52,33029,2382],{"class":108},[52,33031,112],{"class":66},[52,33033,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,33035,118],{"class":101},[52,33037,105],{"class":66},[52,33039,8179],{"class":1184},[52,33041,105],{"class":66},[52,33043,2382],{"class":108},[52,33045,510],{"class":66},[20,33047,311],{},[43,33049,33051],{"className":45,"code":33050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,33052,33053,33079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33054,33055,33057,33059,33061,33063,33065,33067,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33056,17130],{"class":108},[52,33058,1058],{"class":66},[52,33060,3406],{"class":756},[52,33062,24908],{"class":760},[52,33064,3406],{"class":756},[52,33066,74],{"class":66},[52,33068,32980],{"class":70},[52,33070,74],{"class":66},[52,33072,3401],{"class":756},[52,33074,13199],{"class":760},[52,33076,3406],{"class":756},[52,33078,1858],{"class":66},[52,33080,33081,33083,33085,33087,33089,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33082,3994],{"class":66},[52,33084,3406],{"class":756},[52,33086,24908],{"class":760},[52,33088,3406],{"class":756},[52,33090,74],{"class":66},[52,33092,32980],{"class":70},[52,33094,74],{"class":66},[52,33096,3401],{"class":756},[52,33098,13199],{"class":760},[52,33100,3406],{"class":756},[52,33102,90],{"class":66},[20,33104,323],{},[153,33106,33107,33113,33119,33127],{},[156,33108,33109,33112],{},[15,33110,33111],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[156,33114,33115,33118],{},[15,33116,33117],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[156,33120,33121,33124,33125,241],{},[15,33122,33123],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,33126,17130],{},[156,33128,33129,33132],{},[15,33130,33131],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[38,33134,33136],{"id":33135},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,33138,33139,33140,26159],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,33141,1678],{},[43,33143,33145],{"className":45,"code":33144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,33146,33147,33191,33195,33211],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33148,33149,33151,33153,33155,33157,33159,33161,33163,33165,33167,33169,33171,33173,33175,33177,33179,33181,33183,33185,33187,33189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33150,5157],{"class":58},[52,33152,63],{"class":62},[52,33154,10577],{"class":66},[52,33156,757],{"class":756},[52,33158,18510],{"class":760},[52,33160,757],{"class":756},[52,33162,1772],{"class":66},[52,33164,19992],{"class":70},[52,33166,74],{"class":66},[52,33168,768],{"class":756},[52,33170,31248],{"class":760},[52,33172,757],{"class":756},[52,33174,1772],{"class":66},[52,33176,13597],{"class":70},[52,33178,74],{"class":66},[52,33180,768],{"class":756},[52,33182,18519],{"class":760},[52,33184,757],{"class":756},[52,33186,1772],{"class":66},[52,33188,29015],{"class":70},[52,33190,9394],{"class":66},[52,33192,33193],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33194,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,33196,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207,33209],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33198,1678],{"class":1195},[52,33200,21679],{"class":58},[52,33202,1202],{"class":1195},[52,33204,5204],{"class":58},[52,33206,242],{"class":66},[52,33208,507],{"class":108},[52,33210,21690],{"class":66},[52,33212,33213,33215,33217,33219],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,33214,8154],{"class":101},[52,33216,105],{"class":66},[52,33218,2588],{"class":108},[52,33220,112],{"class":66},[20,33222,311],{},[43,33224,33226],{"className":45,"code":33225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,33227,33228,33233,33238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33229,33230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33231,33232],{"class":70},"90\n",[52,33234,33235],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33236,33237],{"class":70},"85\n",[52,33239,33240],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33241,33242],{"class":70},"88\n",[20,33244,17804],{},[153,33246,33247,33250,33253],{},[156,33248,33249],{},"You only need the values",[156,33251,33252],{},"You do not care about the keys",[156,33254,33255],{},"You want simpler code",[20,33257,33258,33259,1943,33263,242],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[236,33260,10824,33261,10828],{"href":17168},[15,33262,17171],{},[236,33264,22570],{"href":33265},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[38,33267,33269],{"id":33268},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,33271,133,33272,33274],{},[15,33273,32837],{}," when you need a list.",[43,33276,33278],{"className":45,"code":33277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,33279,33280,33326,33330,33350,33354,33365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33281,33282,33285,33287,33289,33291,33293,33295,33297,33299,33301,33303,33305,33307,33309,33311,33313,33315,33318,33320,33322,33324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33283,33284],{"class":58},"fruit_prices ",[52,33286,63],{"class":62},[52,33288,10577],{"class":66},[52,33290,757],{"class":756},[52,33292,4171],{"class":760},[52,33294,757],{"class":756},[52,33296,1772],{"class":66},[52,33298,77],{"class":70},[52,33300,74],{"class":66},[52,33302,768],{"class":756},[52,33304,4180],{"class":760},[52,33306,757],{"class":756},[52,33308,1772],{"class":66},[52,33310,5586],{"class":70},[52,33312,74],{"class":66},[52,33314,768],{"class":756},[52,33316,33317],{"class":760},"orange",[52,33319,757],{"class":756},[52,33321,1772],{"class":66},[52,33323,82],{"class":70},[52,33325,9394],{"class":66},[52,33327,33328],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33329,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,33331,33332,33335,33337,33339,33341,33344,33346,33348],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33333,33334],{"class":58},"price_list ",[52,33336,63],{"class":62},[52,33338,22655],{"class":1184},[52,33340,105],{"class":66},[52,33342,33343],{"class":108},"fruit_prices",[52,33345,242],{"class":66},[52,33347,507],{"class":108},[52,33349,7276],{"class":66},[52,33351,33352],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,33353,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,33355,33356,33358,33360,33363],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,33357,118],{"class":101},[52,33359,105],{"class":66},[52,33361,33362],{"class":108},"price_list",[52,33364,112],{"class":66},[52,33366,33367,33369,33371,33373,33375,33377],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,33368,118],{"class":101},[52,33370,105],{"class":66},[52,33372,33362],{"class":108},[52,33374,3994],{"class":66},[52,33376,207],{"class":70},[52,33378,1858],{"class":66},[20,33380,311],{},[43,33382,33384],{"className":45,"code":33383,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,33385,33386,33402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33387,33388,33390,33392,33394,33396,33398,33400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33389,3994],{"class":66},[52,33391,440],{"class":70},[52,33393,74],{"class":66},[52,33395,5586],{"class":70},[52,33397,74],{"class":66},[52,33399,82],{"class":70},[52,33401,90],{"class":66},[52,33403,33404],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33405,17149],{"class":70},[20,33407,33408],{},"This is helpful for:",[153,33410,33411,33414,33417],{},[156,33412,33413],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[156,33415,33416],{},"Accessing values by index",[156,33418,33419],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,33421,4017,33422,33424],{},[15,33423,17130],{}," is not the same as a list.",[38,33426,33428,10672,33430,10672,33432],{"id":33427},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,33429,17164],{},[15,33431,17158],{},[15,33433,17171],{},[20,33435,33436],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[153,33438,33439,33444,33449],{},[156,33440,33441,33443],{},[15,33442,17164],{}," returns only the values",[156,33445,33446,33448],{},[15,33447,17158],{}," returns only the keys",[156,33450,33451,33453],{},[15,33452,17171],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,33455,2244],{},[43,33457,33459],{"className":45,"code":33458,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,33460,33461,33497,33501,33515,33529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33462,33463,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33464,12952],{"class":58},[52,33466,63],{"class":62},[52,33468,10577],{"class":66},[52,33470,757],{"class":756},[52,33472,7751],{"class":760},[52,33474,757],{"class":756},[52,33476,1772],{"class":66},[52,33478,768],{"class":756},[52,33480,12969],{"class":760},[52,33482,757],{"class":756},[52,33484,74],{"class":66},[52,33486,768],{"class":756},[52,33488,9384],{"class":760},[52,33490,757],{"class":756},[52,33492,1772],{"class":66},[52,33494,7874],{"class":70},[52,33496,9394],{"class":66},[52,33498,33499],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33500,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,33502,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33504,118],{"class":101},[52,33506,105],{"class":66},[52,33508,13716],{"class":108},[52,33510,242],{"class":66},[52,33512,17016],{"class":108},[52,33514,7276],{"class":66},[52,33516,33517,33519,33521,33523,33525,33527],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,33518,118],{"class":101},[52,33520,105],{"class":66},[52,33522,13716],{"class":108},[52,33524,242],{"class":66},[52,33526,507],{"class":108},[52,33528,7276],{"class":66},[52,33530,33531,33533,33535,33537,33539,33541],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,33532,118],{"class":101},[52,33534,105],{"class":66},[52,33536,13716],{"class":108},[52,33538,242],{"class":66},[52,33540,7894],{"class":108},[52,33542,7276],{"class":66},[20,33544,311],{},[43,33546,33548],{"className":45,"code":33547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33549,33550,33572,33590],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33551,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33553,17107],{"class":108},[52,33555,1058],{"class":66},[52,33557,3406],{"class":756},[52,33559,7751],{"class":760},[52,33561,3406],{"class":756},[52,33563,74],{"class":66},[52,33565,3401],{"class":756},[52,33567,9384],{"class":760},[52,33569,3406],{"class":756},[52,33571,1858],{"class":66},[52,33573,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584,33586,33588],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33575,17130],{"class":108},[52,33577,1058],{"class":66},[52,33579,3406],{"class":756},[52,33581,12969],{"class":760},[52,33583,3406],{"class":756},[52,33585,74],{"class":66},[52,33587,7874],{"class":70},[52,33589,1858],{"class":66},[52,33591,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602,33604,33606],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33593,22003],{"class":108},[52,33595,9743],{"class":66},[52,33597,3406],{"class":756},[52,33599,7751],{"class":760},[52,33601,3406],{"class":756},[52,33603,74],{"class":66},[52,33605,7874],{"class":70},[52,33607,10766],{"class":66},[20,33609,18788],{},[153,33611,33612,33619,33626],{},[156,33613,33614,33618],{},[236,33615,33616],{"href":17155},[15,33617,17158],{}," when you need just the keys",[156,33620,33621,33625],{},[236,33622,33623],{"href":17161},[15,33624,17164],{}," when you need just the values",[156,33627,33628,33632],{},[236,33629,33630],{"href":17168},[15,33631,17171],{}," when you need both",[38,33634,4610],{"id":4609},[20,33636,33637,33638,242],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33639,17164],{},[461,33641,29745,33643,33645],{"id":33642},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33644,17164],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33647,33648,33650],{},[15,33649,17164],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33652,16736],{},[43,33654,33656],{"className":45,"code":33655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33657,33658,33678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33659,33660,33662,33664,33666,33668,33670,33672,33674,33676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33661,8394],{"class":58},[52,33663,63],{"class":62},[52,33665,67],{"class":66},[52,33667,71],{"class":70},[52,33669,74],{"class":66},[52,33671,77],{"class":70},[52,33673,74],{"class":66},[52,33675,82],{"class":70},[52,33677,90],{"class":66},[52,33679,33680,33682,33684,33686,33688,33690],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33681,118],{"class":101},[52,33683,105],{"class":66},[52,33685,8425],{"class":108},[52,33687,242],{"class":66},[52,33689,507],{"class":108},[52,33691,7276],{"class":66},[20,33693,33694,33695,33697],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33696,17164],{}," method.",[20,33699,33700],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[43,33702,33704],{"className":45,"code":33703,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33705,33706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33707,33708,33710,33712,33714,33716,33718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33709,118],{"class":101},[52,33711,105],{"class":66},[52,33713,1827],{"class":1184},[52,33715,105],{"class":66},[52,33717,8425],{"class":108},[52,33719,510],{"class":66},[20,33721,33722,33723,33725,33726,242],{},"If you get an ",[15,33724,25766],{},", see ",[236,33727,25774,33728,33730],{"href":25773},[15,33729,25777],{}," errors",[461,33732,4670,33734,33736],{"id":33733},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33735,17164],{}," returns a list",[20,33738,33739],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[43,33741,33743],{"className":45,"code":33742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33744,33745,33781,33795,33799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33746,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755,33757,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773,33775,33777,33779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33748,12952],{"class":58},[52,33750,63],{"class":62},[52,33752,10577],{"class":66},[52,33754,757],{"class":756},[52,33756,7751],{"class":760},[52,33758,757],{"class":756},[52,33760,1772],{"class":66},[52,33762,768],{"class":756},[52,33764,12969],{"class":760},[52,33766,757],{"class":756},[52,33768,74],{"class":66},[52,33770,768],{"class":756},[52,33772,9384],{"class":760},[52,33774,757],{"class":756},[52,33776,1772],{"class":66},[52,33778,7874],{"class":70},[52,33780,9394],{"class":66},[52,33782,33783,33785,33787,33789,33791,33793],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33784,474],{"class":58},[52,33786,63],{"class":62},[52,33788,12995],{"class":58},[52,33790,242],{"class":66},[52,33792,507],{"class":108},[52,33794,8729],{"class":66},[52,33796,33797],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33798,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,33800,33801,33803,33805,33807,33809,33811],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,33802,118],{"class":101},[52,33804,105],{"class":66},[52,33806,1827],{"class":1184},[52,33808,105],{"class":66},[52,33810,507],{"class":108},[52,33812,510],{"class":66},[20,33814,311],{},[43,33816,33818],{"className":45,"code":33817,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33819,33820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33821,33822,33824,33826,33828,33830,33832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33823,3395],{"class":62},[52,33825,3398],{"class":2184},[52,33827,3401],{"class":756},[52,33829,17130],{"class":760},[52,33831,3406],{"class":756},[52,33833,3409],{"class":62},[20,33835,5240,33836,33838],{},[15,33837,17130],{},", not a list.",[20,33840,33841],{},"If you need a list:",[43,33843,33845],{"className":45,"code":33844,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33846,33847],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33848,33849,33851,33853,33855,33857,33859,33861,33863],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33850,474],{"class":58},[52,33852,63],{"class":62},[52,33854,22655],{"class":1184},[52,33856,105],{"class":66},[52,33858,13716],{"class":108},[52,33860,242],{"class":66},[52,33862,507],{"class":108},[52,33864,7276],{"class":66},[461,33866,33868,33869],{"id":33867},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33870,17130],{},[20,33872,33873],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[43,33875,33877],{"className":45,"code":33876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33878,33879,33915,33929,33933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33880,33881,33883,33885,33887,33889,33891,33893,33895,33897,33899,33901,33903,33905,33907,33909,33911,33913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33882,12952],{"class":58},[52,33884,63],{"class":62},[52,33886,10577],{"class":66},[52,33888,757],{"class":756},[52,33890,7751],{"class":760},[52,33892,757],{"class":756},[52,33894,1772],{"class":66},[52,33896,768],{"class":756},[52,33898,12969],{"class":760},[52,33900,757],{"class":756},[52,33902,74],{"class":66},[52,33904,768],{"class":756},[52,33906,9384],{"class":760},[52,33908,757],{"class":756},[52,33910,1772],{"class":66},[52,33912,7874],{"class":70},[52,33914,9394],{"class":66},[52,33916,33917,33919,33921,33923,33925,33927],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33918,474],{"class":58},[52,33920,63],{"class":62},[52,33922,12995],{"class":58},[52,33924,242],{"class":66},[52,33926,507],{"class":108},[52,33928,8729],{"class":66},[52,33930,33931],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,33932,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,33934,33935],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,33936,33937],{"class":129},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33939,33940],{},"Convert to a list first:",[43,33942,33944],{"className":45,"code":33943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33945,33946,33982,34000,34004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,33947,33948,33950,33952,33954,33956,33958,33960,33962,33964,33966,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976,33978,33980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,33949,12952],{"class":58},[52,33951,63],{"class":62},[52,33953,10577],{"class":66},[52,33955,757],{"class":756},[52,33957,7751],{"class":760},[52,33959,757],{"class":756},[52,33961,1772],{"class":66},[52,33963,768],{"class":756},[52,33965,12969],{"class":760},[52,33967,757],{"class":756},[52,33969,74],{"class":66},[52,33971,768],{"class":756},[52,33973,9384],{"class":760},[52,33975,757],{"class":756},[52,33977,1772],{"class":66},[52,33979,7874],{"class":70},[52,33981,9394],{"class":66},[52,33983,33984,33986,33988,33990,33992,33994,33996,33998],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,33985,474],{"class":58},[52,33987,63],{"class":62},[52,33989,22655],{"class":1184},[52,33991,105],{"class":66},[52,33993,13716],{"class":108},[52,33995,242],{"class":66},[52,33997,507],{"class":108},[52,33999,7276],{"class":66},[52,34001,34002],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34003,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,34005,34006,34008,34010,34012,34014,34016],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,34007,118],{"class":101},[52,34009,105],{"class":66},[52,34011,507],{"class":108},[52,34013,3994],{"class":66},[52,34015,207],{"class":70},[52,34017,1858],{"class":66},[461,34019,1372,34021,11180,34023],{"id":34020},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,34022,507],{},[15,34024,17164],{},[20,34026,34027],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[43,34029,34031],{"className":45,"code":34030,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,34032,34033,34069,34073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34034,34035,34037,34039,34041,34043,34045,34047,34049,34051,34053,34055,34057,34059,34061,34063,34065,34067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34036,12952],{"class":58},[52,34038,63],{"class":62},[52,34040,10577],{"class":66},[52,34042,757],{"class":756},[52,34044,7751],{"class":760},[52,34046,757],{"class":756},[52,34048,1772],{"class":66},[52,34050,768],{"class":756},[52,34052,12969],{"class":760},[52,34054,757],{"class":756},[52,34056,74],{"class":66},[52,34058,768],{"class":756},[52,34060,9384],{"class":760},[52,34062,757],{"class":756},[52,34064,1772],{"class":66},[52,34066,7874],{"class":70},[52,34068,9394],{"class":66},[52,34070,34071],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34072,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,34074,34075,34077,34079,34081,34083,34085],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34076,118],{"class":101},[52,34078,105],{"class":66},[52,34080,13716],{"class":108},[52,34082,242],{"class":66},[52,34084,507],{"class":24845},[52,34086,112],{"class":66},[20,34088,34089,34092],{},[15,34090,34091],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,34094,18788],{},[43,34096,34098],{"className":45,"code":34097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(student.values())\n",[15,34099,34100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34101,34102,34104,34106,34108,34110,34112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34103,118],{"class":101},[52,34105,105],{"class":66},[52,34107,13716],{"class":108},[52,34109,242],{"class":66},[52,34111,507],{"class":108},[52,34113,7276],{"class":66},[461,34115,34117],{"id":34116},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,34119,34120],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[43,34122,34124],{"className":45,"code":34123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,34125,34126,34158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34127,34128,34130,34132,34134,34136,34138,34140,34142,34144,34146,34148,34150,34152,34154,34156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34129,9251],{"class":58},[52,34131,63],{"class":62},[52,34133,10577],{"class":66},[52,34135,757],{"class":756},[52,34137,236],{"class":760},[52,34139,757],{"class":756},[52,34141,1772],{"class":66},[52,34143,5586],{"class":70},[52,34145,74],{"class":66},[52,34147,768],{"class":756},[52,34149,4853],{"class":760},[52,34151,757],{"class":756},[52,34153,1772],{"class":66},[52,34155,77],{"class":70},[52,34157,9394],{"class":66},[52,34159,34160,34162,34164,34166,34168,34170],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34161,118],{"class":101},[52,34163,105],{"class":66},[52,34165,9289],{"class":108},[52,34167,242],{"class":66},[52,34169,507],{"class":108},[52,34171,7276],{"class":66},[20,34173,34174],{},"Not like this:",[43,34176,34178],{"className":45,"code":34177,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,34179,34180,34185,34190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34181,34182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34183,34184],{"class":129},"# Wrong examples:\n",[52,34186,34187],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34188,34189],{"class":129},"# data().values()\n",[52,34191,34192],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34193,34194],{"class":129},"# values(data)\n",[20,34196,3446],{},[43,34198,34200],{"className":45,"code":34199,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,34201,34202,34216,34226,34240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34203,34204,34206,34208,34210,34212,34214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34205,118],{"class":101},[52,34207,105],{"class":66},[52,34209,1827],{"class":1184},[52,34211,105],{"class":66},[52,34213,11539],{"class":108},[52,34215,510],{"class":66},[52,34217,34218,34220,34222,34224],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34219,118],{"class":101},[52,34221,105],{"class":66},[52,34223,11539],{"class":108},[52,34225,112],{"class":66},[52,34227,34228,34230,34232,34234,34236,34238],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34229,118],{"class":101},[52,34231,105],{"class":66},[52,34233,11539],{"class":108},[52,34235,242],{"class":66},[52,34237,507],{"class":108},[52,34239,7276],{"class":66},[52,34241,34242,34244,34246,34248,34250,34252,34254,34256],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,34243,118],{"class":101},[52,34245,105],{"class":66},[52,34247,8179],{"class":1184},[52,34249,105],{"class":66},[52,34251,11539],{"class":108},[52,34253,242],{"class":66},[52,34255,507],{"class":108},[52,34257,6375],{"class":66},[38,34259,1919],{"id":1918},[461,34261,1923,34263,1926],{"id":34262},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,34264,32416],{},[20,34266,17515,34267,34269],{},[15,34268,17130],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[461,34271,12792,34273,24027],{"id":34272},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,34274,17164],{},[20,34276,24030,34277,24034],{},[15,34278,34279],{},"list(...)",[461,34281,26151,34283,1963],{"id":34282},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,34284,32416],{},[20,34286,34287,34288,26159],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,34289,1678],{},[461,34291,12792,34293,34295],{"id":34292},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,34294,32416],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,34297,34298],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[461,34300,34302,34303,34305,34306,1963],{"id":34301},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,34304,17164],{}," different from ",[15,34307,17171],{},[20,34309,34310,34312,34313,34315],{},[15,34311,17164],{}," returns only values. ",[15,34314,17171],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[38,34317,1986],{"id":1985},[153,34319,34320,34326,34332,34336,34342,34346],{},[156,34321,34322],{},[236,34323,10824,34324,10828],{"href":17155},[15,34325,17158],{},[156,34327,34328],{},[236,34329,10824,34330,10828],{"href":17168},[15,34331,17171],{},[156,34333,34334],{},[236,34335,11331],{"href":9476},[156,34337,34338],{},[236,34339,34341],{"href":34340},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[156,34343,34344],{},[236,34345,24112],{"href":33265},[156,34347,34348],{},[236,34349,30442,34350],{"href":25773},[15,34351,34352],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[2029,34354,34355],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":34357},[34358,34359,34361,34362,34364,34365,34366,34367,34369,34380,34392],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":32586,"depth":93,"text":34360},"What values() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":32656,"depth":93,"text":34363},"What values() returns",{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":33135,"depth":93,"text":33136},{"id":33268,"depth":93,"text":33269},{"id":33427,"depth":93,"text":34368},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":34370},[34371,34373,34375,34377,34379],{"id":33642,"depth":115,"text":34372},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33733,"depth":115,"text":34374},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33867,"depth":115,"text":34376},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":34020,"depth":115,"text":34378},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":34116,"depth":115,"text":34117},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":34381},[34382,34384,34386,34388,34390],{"id":34262,"depth":115,"text":34383},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":34272,"depth":115,"text":34385},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":34282,"depth":115,"text":34387},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":34292,"depth":115,"text":34389},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":34301,"depth":115,"text":34391},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":32403,"description":34393},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":34399,"title":34400,"body":34401,"description":35832,"extension":2083,"meta":35833,"navigation":296,"path":35834,"seo":35835,"stem":35836,"__hash__":35837},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":34402,"toc":35784},[34403,34409,34414,34417,34433,34442,34444,34476,34482,34485,34580,34583,34588,34593,34596,34607,34609,34623,34629,34631,34636,34642,34645,34684,34692,34697,34700,34745,34748,34760,34766,34772,34776,34809,34812,34830,34833,34837,34876,34878,34898,34901,34913,34918,34924,34927,34982,34985,34996,34999,35010,35013,35017,35023,35025,35055,35058,35073,35076,35079,35098,35101,35117,35126,35128,35159,35165,35170,35173,35180,35211,35214,35236,35239,35242,35256,35260,35291,35306,35313,35320,35324,35332,35336,35344,35347,35396,35407,35409,35412,35418,35423,35433,35437,35440,35443,35447,35450,35452,35473,35477,35483,35494,35500,35502,35508,35532,35535,35598,35601,35629,35632,35694,35696,35701,35704,35711,35719,35726,35729,35737,35743,35745,35772,35781],[10,34404,13,34406,18],{"id":34405},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,34407,34408],{},"dir()",[20,34410,32413,34411,34413],{},[15,34412,34408],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,34415,34416],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[153,34418,34419,34422,34425,34430],{},[156,34420,34421],{},"learning Python",[156,34423,34424],{},"exploring a new object",[156,34426,34427,34428],{},"debugging an ",[15,34429,25766],{},[156,34431,34432],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,34434,34435,34436,34438,34439],{},"In short, ",[15,34437,34408],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3842,34440,34441],{},"“What can I use here?”",[38,34443,41],{"id":40},[43,34445,34447],{"className":45,"code":34446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,34448,34449,34461],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34450,34451,34453,34455,34457,34459],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34452,7961],{"class":58},[52,34454,63],{"class":62},[52,34456,768],{"class":756},[52,34458,761],{"class":760},[52,34460,3465],{"class":756},[52,34462,34463,34465,34467,34470,34472,34474],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34464,118],{"class":101},[52,34466,105],{"class":66},[52,34468,34469],{"class":101},"dir",[52,34471,105],{"class":66},[52,34473,7751],{"class":108},[52,34475,510],{"class":66},[20,34477,133,34478,34481],{},[15,34479,34480],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34483,34484],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[43,34486,34488],{"className":45,"code":34487,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34489,34490],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34491,34492,34494,34496,34499,34501,34503,34505,34508,34510,34512,34514,34517,34519,34521,34523,34526,34528,34530,34532,34535,34537,34539,34541,34544,34546,34548,34552,34554,34556,34558,34560,34562,34564,34567,34569,34571,34573,34576,34578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34493,3994],{"class":66},[52,34495,3406],{"class":756},[52,34497,34498],{"class":760},"__add__",[52,34500,3406],{"class":756},[52,34502,74],{"class":66},[52,34504,3401],{"class":756},[52,34506,34507],{"class":760},"__class__",[52,34509,3406],{"class":756},[52,34511,74],{"class":66},[52,34513,3401],{"class":756},[52,34515,34516],{"class":760},"__contains__",[52,34518,3406],{"class":756},[52,34520,74],{"class":66},[52,34522,3401],{"class":756},[52,34524,34525],{"class":760},"__delattr__",[52,34527,3406],{"class":756},[52,34529,74],{"class":66},[52,34531,3401],{"class":756},[52,34533,34534],{"class":760},"__dir__",[52,34536,3406],{"class":756},[52,34538,74],{"class":66},[52,34540,3401],{"class":756},[52,34542,34543],{"class":760},"__doc__",[52,34545,3406],{"class":756},[52,34547,74],{"class":66},[52,34549,34551],{"class":34550},"s_hVV"," ...",[52,34553,74],{"class":66},[52,34555,3401],{"class":756},[52,34557,8726],{"class":760},[52,34559,3406],{"class":756},[52,34561,74],{"class":66},[52,34563,3401],{"class":756},[52,34565,34566],{"class":760},"split",[52,34568,3406],{"class":756},[52,34570,74],{"class":66},[52,34572,3401],{"class":756},[52,34574,34575],{"class":760},"upper",[52,34577,3406],{"class":756},[52,34579,90],{"class":66},[20,34581,34582],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[38,34584,140,34586,143],{"id":34585},"what-dir-does",[15,34587,34408],{},[20,34589,34590,34592],{},[15,34591,34408],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34594,34595],{},"It usually includes:",[153,34597,34598,34601,34604],{},[156,34599,34600],{},"attributes",[156,34602,34603],{},"methods",[156,34605,34606],{},"special Python names",[20,34608,11548],{},[153,34610,34611,34617,34620],{},[156,34612,34613,34614],{},"The result is a ",[3842,34615,34616],{},"list of strings",[156,34618,34619],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[156,34621,34622],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34624,34625,34626,34628],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34627,34408],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[38,34630,181],{"id":180},[20,34632,34633,34635],{},[15,34634,34408],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[461,34637,34639,34641],{"id":34638},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34640,34408],{}," with no argument",[20,34643,34644],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[43,34646,34648],{"className":45,"code":34647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34649,34650,34658,34670,34674],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34651,34652,34654,34656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34653,3129],{"class":58},[52,34655,63],{"class":62},[52,34657,2701],{"class":70},[52,34659,34660,34662,34664,34666,34668],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34661,7961],{"class":58},[52,34663,63],{"class":62},[52,34665,768],{"class":756},[52,34667,7760],{"class":760},[52,34669,3465],{"class":756},[52,34671,34672],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34673,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,34675,34676,34678,34680,34682],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,34677,118],{"class":101},[52,34679,105],{"class":66},[52,34681,34469],{"class":101},[52,34683,7276],{"class":66},[20,34685,34686,34687,652,34689,34691],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34688,1190],{},[15,34690,7751],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[461,34693,34695],{"id":34694},"dirobject",[15,34696,34480],{},[20,34698,34699],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[43,34701,34703],{"className":45,"code":34702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34704,34705,34723],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34706,34707,34709,34711,34713,34715,34717,34719,34721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34708,118],{"class":101},[52,34710,105],{"class":66},[52,34712,34469],{"class":101},[52,34714,105],{"class":66},[52,34716,757],{"class":756},[52,34718,761],{"class":760},[52,34720,757],{"class":756},[52,34722,510],{"class":66},[52,34724,34725,34727,34729,34731,34733,34735,34737,34739,34741,34743],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34726,118],{"class":101},[52,34728,105],{"class":66},[52,34730,34469],{"class":101},[52,34732,1058],{"class":66},[52,34734,71],{"class":70},[52,34736,74],{"class":66},[52,34738,77],{"class":70},[52,34740,74],{"class":66},[52,34742,82],{"class":70},[52,34744,1063],{"class":66},[20,34746,34747],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[153,34749,34750,34752,34754,34757],{},[156,34751,5398],{},[156,34753,918],{},[156,34755,34756],{},"modules",[156,34758,34759],{},"custom objects",[38,34761,1372,34763,34765],{"id":34762},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34764,34408],{}," with a value",[20,34767,34768,34769,34771],{},"A common use of ",[15,34770,34408],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[461,34773,34775],{"id":34774},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[43,34777,34779],{"className":45,"code":34778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34780,34781,34794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34782,34783,34786,34788,34790,34792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34784,34785],{"class":58},"text ",[52,34787,63],{"class":62},[52,34789,768],{"class":756},[52,34791,761],{"class":760},[52,34793,3465],{"class":756},[52,34795,34796,34798,34800,34802,34804,34807],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34797,118],{"class":101},[52,34799,105],{"class":66},[52,34801,34469],{"class":101},[52,34803,105],{"class":66},[52,34805,34806],{"class":108},"text",[52,34808,510],{"class":66},[20,34810,34811],{},"You will see method names like:",[153,34813,34814,34818,34822,34826],{},[156,34815,34816],{},[15,34817,8726],{},[156,34819,34820],{},[15,34821,34575],{},[156,34823,34824],{},[15,34825,34566],{},[156,34827,34828],{},[15,34829,8720],{},[20,34831,34832],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[461,34834,34836],{"id":34835},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[43,34838,34840],{"className":45,"code":34839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34841,34842,34862],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34843,34844,34846,34848,34850,34852,34854,34856,34858,34860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34845,59],{"class":58},[52,34847,63],{"class":62},[52,34849,67],{"class":66},[52,34851,71],{"class":70},[52,34853,74],{"class":66},[52,34855,77],{"class":70},[52,34857,74],{"class":66},[52,34859,82],{"class":70},[52,34861,90],{"class":66},[52,34863,34864,34866,34868,34870,34872,34874],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34865,118],{"class":101},[52,34867,105],{"class":66},[52,34869,34469],{"class":101},[52,34871,105],{"class":66},[52,34873,109],{"class":108},[52,34875,510],{"class":66},[20,34877,34811],{},[153,34879,34880,34884,34888,34893],{},[156,34881,34882],{},[15,34883,13643],{},[156,34885,34886],{},[15,34887,26336],{},[156,34889,34890],{},[15,34891,34892],{},"remove",[156,34894,34895],{},[15,34896,34897],{},"sort",[20,34899,34900],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34902,34903,34904,34909,34910,34912],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[236,34905,34907],{"href":34906},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34908,2420],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34911,34408],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[38,34914,1372,34916,34641],{"id":34915},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34917,34408],{},[20,34919,34920,34921,34923],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34922,34408],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34925,34926],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[43,34928,34930],{"className":45,"code":34929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34931,34932,34941,34945,34956,34968,34972],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,34933,34934,34936,34938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,34935,3129],{"class":58},[52,34937,63],{"class":62},[52,34939,34940],{"class":70}," 5\n",[52,34942,34943],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,34944,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,34946,34947,34950,34954],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,34948,34949],{"class":2184},"def",[52,34951,34953],{"class":34952},"sGLFI"," greet",[52,34955,21690],{"class":66},[52,34957,34958,34961,34963,34966],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,34959,34960],{"class":1195},"    return",[52,34962,768],{"class":756},[52,34964,34965],{"class":760},"Hello",[52,34967,3465],{"class":756},[52,34969,34970],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,34971,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,34973,34974,34976,34978,34980],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,34975,118],{"class":101},[52,34977,105],{"class":66},[52,34979,34469],{"class":101},[52,34981,7276],{"class":66},[20,34983,34984],{},"The output will include names like:",[153,34986,34987,34991],{},[156,34988,34989],{},[15,34990,1190],{},[156,34992,34993],{},[15,34994,34995],{},"greet",[20,34997,34998],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[153,35000,35001,35004,35007],{},[156,35002,35003],{},"what variables exist",[156,35005,35006],{},"what functions you have defined",[156,35008,35009],{},"what names are currently available",[20,35011,35012],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[38,35014,35016],{"id":35015},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,35018,35019,35020,35022],{},"When you first use ",[15,35021,34408],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,35024,2324],{},[43,35026,35027],{"className":45,"code":34778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,35028,35029,35041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35030,35031,35033,35035,35037,35039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35032,34785],{"class":58},[52,35034,63],{"class":62},[52,35036,768],{"class":756},[52,35038,761],{"class":760},[52,35040,3465],{"class":756},[52,35042,35043,35045,35047,35049,35051,35053],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35044,118],{"class":101},[52,35046,105],{"class":66},[52,35048,34469],{"class":101},[52,35050,105],{"class":66},[52,35052,34806],{"class":108},[52,35054,510],{"class":66},[20,35056,35057],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[153,35059,35060,35064,35068],{},[156,35061,35062],{},[15,35063,34507],{},[156,35065,35066],{},[15,35067,34543],{},[156,35069,35070],{},[15,35071,35072],{},"__len__",[20,35074,35075],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,35077,35078],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[153,35080,35081,35085,35089,35093],{},[156,35082,35083],{},[15,35084,34575],{},[156,35086,35087],{},[15,35088,8726],{},[156,35090,35091],{},[15,35092,34566],{},[156,35094,35095],{},[15,35096,35097],{},"replace",[20,35099,35100],{},"A key point to remember:",[153,35102,35103,35111],{},[156,35104,35105,35107,35108],{},[15,35106,34408],{}," lists ",[3842,35109,35110],{},"names only",[156,35112,35113,35114,35116],{},"it does ",[3842,35115,4722],{}," explain what each name does",[20,35118,35119,35120,242],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[236,35121,35123],{"href":35122},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,35124,35125],{},"help()",[20,35127,932],{},[43,35129,35131],{"className":45,"code":35130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35132,35133,35145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35134,35135,35137,35139,35141,35143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35136,7961],{"class":58},[52,35138,63],{"class":62},[52,35140,768],{"class":756},[52,35142,761],{"class":760},[52,35144,3465],{"class":756},[52,35146,35147,35149,35151,35153,35155,35157],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35148,32248],{"class":101},[52,35150,105],{"class":66},[52,35152,7751],{"class":108},[52,35154,242],{"class":66},[52,35156,34575],{"class":24845},[52,35158,112],{"class":66},[38,35160,35162,35164],{"id":35161},"dir-on-modules",[15,35163,34408],{}," on modules",[20,35166,15806,35167,35169],{},[15,35168,34408],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,35171,35172],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[461,35174,35176,35177,35179],{"id":35175},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,35178,18510],{}," module",[43,35181,35183],{"className":45,"code":35182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,35184,35185,35193,35197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35186,35187,35190],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35188,35189],{"class":1195},"import",[52,35191,35192],{"class":58}," math\n",[52,35194,35195],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35196,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,35198,35199,35201,35203,35205,35207,35209],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35200,118],{"class":101},[52,35202,105],{"class":66},[52,35204,34469],{"class":101},[52,35206,105],{"class":66},[52,35208,18510],{"class":108},[52,35210,510],{"class":66},[20,35212,35213],{},"You may see names like:",[153,35215,35216,35221,35226,35231],{},[156,35217,35218],{},[15,35219,35220],{},"sqrt",[156,35222,35223],{},[15,35224,35225],{},"ceil",[156,35227,35228],{},[15,35229,35230],{},"floor",[156,35232,35233],{},[15,35234,35235],{},"pi",[20,35237,35238],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,35240,35241],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[153,35243,35244,35250],{},[156,35245,35246],{},[236,35247,35249],{"href":35248},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[156,35251,35252],{},[236,35253,35255],{"href":35254},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[461,35257,35259],{"id":35258},"another-example","Another example",[43,35261,35263],{"className":45,"code":35262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,35264,35265,35272,35276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35266,35267,35269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35268,35189],{"class":1195},[52,35270,35271],{"class":58}," json\n",[52,35273,35274],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35275,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,35277,35278,35280,35282,35284,35286,35289],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35279,118],{"class":101},[52,35281,105],{"class":66},[52,35283,34469],{"class":101},[52,35285,105],{"class":66},[52,35287,35288],{"class":108},"json",[52,35290,510],{"class":66},[20,35292,35293,35294,2305,35297,2305,35300,17165,35303,242],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,35295,35296],{},"dump",[15,35298,35299],{},"dumps",[15,35301,35302],{},"load",[15,35304,35305],{},"loads",[38,35307,35309,10672,35311],{"id":35308},"dir-vs-help",[15,35310,34408],{},[15,35312,35125],{},[20,35314,35315,652,35317,35319],{},[15,35316,34408],{},[15,35318,35125],{}," are often used together.",[461,35321,35322],{"id":34469},[15,35323,34408],{},[153,35325,35326,35329],{},[156,35327,35328],{},"shows available names",[156,35330,35331],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[461,35333,35334],{"id":32248},[15,35335,35125],{},[153,35337,35338,35341],{},[156,35339,35340],{},"explains what an object or function does",[156,35342,35343],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,35345,35346],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[43,35348,35350],{"className":45,"code":35349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35351,35352,35364,35368,35382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35353,35354,35356,35358,35360,35362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35355,7961],{"class":58},[52,35357,63],{"class":62},[52,35359,768],{"class":756},[52,35361,761],{"class":760},[52,35363,3465],{"class":756},[52,35365,35366],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35367,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,35369,35370,35372,35374,35376,35378,35380],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35371,118],{"class":101},[52,35373,105],{"class":66},[52,35375,34469],{"class":101},[52,35377,105],{"class":66},[52,35379,7751],{"class":108},[52,35381,510],{"class":66},[52,35383,35384,35386,35388,35390,35392,35394],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,35385,32248],{"class":101},[52,35387,105],{"class":66},[52,35389,7751],{"class":108},[52,35391,242],{"class":66},[52,35393,34575],{"class":24845},[52,35395,112],{"class":66},[20,35397,133,35398,35400,35401,35403,35404,35406],{},[15,35399,34408],{}," first to find a method name.",[9932,35402],{},"\nThen use ",[15,35405,35125],{}," to understand how to use it.",[38,35408,25452],{"id":25451},[20,35410,35411],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[461,35413,35415,35417],{"id":35414},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,35416,34408],{}," returns names, not values",[20,35419,35420,35422],{},[15,35421,34408],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,35424,35425,35426,35428,35429,35432],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,35427,34575],{}," in ",[15,35430,35431],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[461,35434,35436],{"id":35435},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,35438,35439],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,35441,35442],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[461,35444,35446],{"id":35445},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,35448,35449],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,35451,932],{},[153,35453,35454,35459,35465],{},[156,35455,35456,35458],{},[15,35457,35431],{}," shows string-related names",[156,35460,35461,35464],{},[15,35462,35463],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[156,35466,35467,35470,35471,35179],{},[15,35468,35469],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,35472,18510],{},[461,35474,35476],{"id":35475},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,35478,35479,35480,35482],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,35481,34408],{}," does not mean you already know:",[153,35484,35485,35488,35491],{},[156,35486,35487],{},"what it does",[156,35489,35490],{},"what arguments it needs",[156,35492,35493],{},"what it returns",[20,35495,35496,35497,35499],{},"That is why ",[15,35498,35125],{}," is the natural next step.",[38,35501,1766],{"id":1765},[20,35503,35504,35505,35507],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,35506,34408],{}," in these situations:",[153,35509,35510,35513,35522,35525],{},[156,35511,35512],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[156,35514,35515,35516,35521],{},"Seeing an ",[236,35517,35519],{"href":35518},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35520,25766],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[156,35523,35524],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[156,35526,1372,35527,35529,35530],{},[15,35528,34408],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35531,35125],{},[20,35533,35534],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[43,35536,35538],{"className":45,"code":35537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35539,35540,35552,35556,35570,35584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35541,35542,35544,35546,35548,35550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35543,7961],{"class":58},[52,35545,63],{"class":62},[52,35547,768],{"class":756},[52,35549,761],{"class":760},[52,35551,3465],{"class":756},[52,35553,35554],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35555,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,35557,35558,35560,35562,35564,35566,35568],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35559,118],{"class":101},[52,35561,105],{"class":66},[52,35563,1827],{"class":1184},[52,35565,105],{"class":66},[52,35567,7751],{"class":108},[52,35569,510],{"class":66},[52,35571,35572,35574,35576,35578,35580,35582],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,35573,118],{"class":101},[52,35575,105],{"class":66},[52,35577,34469],{"class":101},[52,35579,105],{"class":66},[52,35581,7751],{"class":108},[52,35583,510],{"class":66},[52,35585,35586,35588,35590,35592,35594,35596],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,35587,32248],{"class":101},[52,35589,105],{"class":66},[52,35591,7751],{"class":108},[52,35593,242],{"class":66},[52,35595,34575],{"class":24845},[52,35597,112],{"class":66},[20,35599,35600],{},"And for modules:",[43,35602,35603],{"className":45,"code":35182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,35604,35605,35611,35615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35606,35607,35609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35608,35189],{"class":1195},[52,35610,35192],{"class":58},[52,35612,35613],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35614,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,35616,35617,35619,35621,35623,35625,35627],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35618,118],{"class":101},[52,35620,105],{"class":66},[52,35622,34469],{"class":101},[52,35624,105],{"class":66},[52,35626,18510],{"class":108},[52,35628,510],{"class":66},[20,35630,35631],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[43,35633,35635],{"className":45,"code":35634,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35636,35637,35642,35654,35664,35678,35684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35638,35639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35640,35641],{"class":58},"python\n",[52,35643,35644,35646,35648,35650,35652],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35645,7961],{"class":58},[52,35647,63],{"class":62},[52,35649,768],{"class":756},[52,35651,761],{"class":760},[52,35653,3465],{"class":756},[52,35655,35656,35658,35660,35662],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35657,34469],{"class":101},[52,35659,105],{"class":66},[52,35661,7751],{"class":108},[52,35663,112],{"class":66},[52,35665,35666,35668,35670,35672,35674,35676],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,35667,32248],{"class":101},[52,35669,105],{"class":66},[52,35671,7751],{"class":108},[52,35673,242],{"class":66},[52,35675,34575],{"class":24845},[52,35677,112],{"class":66},[52,35679,35680,35682],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,35681,35189],{"class":1195},[52,35683,35192],{"class":58},[52,35685,35686,35688,35690,35692],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,35687,34469],{"class":101},[52,35689,105],{"class":66},[52,35691,18510],{"class":108},[52,35693,112],{"class":66},[38,35695,1919],{"id":1918},[461,35697,1923,35699,1926],{"id":35698},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35700,34408],{},[20,35702,35703],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[461,35705,5270,35707,652,35709,1963],{"id":35706},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35708,34408],{},[15,35710,35125],{},[20,35712,35713,35715,35716,35718],{},[15,35714,34408],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35717,35125],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[461,35720,35722,35723,35725],{"id":35721},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35724,34408],{}," output?",[20,35727,35728],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[461,35730,1933,35732,35734,35735,1963],{"id":35731},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35733,34408],{}," help fix ",[15,35736,25766],{},[20,35738,35739,35740,242],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[236,35741,35742],{"href":35518},"object has no attribute",[38,35744,1986],{"id":1985},[153,35746,35747,35753,35758,35762,35766],{},[156,35748,35749],{},[236,35750,13,35751,1999],{"href":35122},[15,35752,35125],{},[156,35754,35755],{},[236,35756,35757],{"href":35518},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[156,35759,35760],{},[236,35761,35249],{"href":35248},[156,35763,35764],{},[236,35765,35255],{"href":35254},[156,35767,35768],{},[236,35769,13,35770,1999],{"href":34906},[15,35771,2420],{},[20,35773,35774,35775,35777,35778,35780],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35776,34408],{}," together with ",[15,35779,35125],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[2029,35782,35783],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":35785},[35786,35787,35789,35794,35799,35801,35802,35808,35813,35820,35821,35831],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":34585,"depth":93,"text":35788},"What dir() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":35790},[35791,35793],{"id":34638,"depth":115,"text":35792},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34694,"depth":115,"text":34480},{"id":34762,"depth":93,"text":35795,"children":35796},"Using dir() with a value",[35797,35798],{"id":34774,"depth":115,"text":34775},{"id":34835,"depth":115,"text":34836},{"id":34915,"depth":93,"text":35800},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":35015,"depth":93,"text":35016},{"id":35161,"depth":93,"text":35803,"children":35804},"dir() on modules",[35805,35807],{"id":35175,"depth":115,"text":35806},"Example: math module",{"id":35258,"depth":115,"text":35259},{"id":35308,"depth":93,"text":35809,"children":35810},"dir() vs help()",[35811,35812],{"id":34469,"depth":115,"text":34408},{"id":32248,"depth":115,"text":35125},{"id":25451,"depth":93,"text":25452,"children":35814},[35815,35817,35818,35819],{"id":35414,"depth":115,"text":35816},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":35435,"depth":115,"text":35436},{"id":35445,"depth":115,"text":35446},{"id":35475,"depth":115,"text":35476},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":35822},[35823,35825,35827,35829],{"id":35698,"depth":115,"text":35824},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35706,"depth":115,"text":35826},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35721,"depth":115,"text":35828},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35731,"depth":115,"text":35830},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":34400,"description":35832},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35839,"title":35840,"body":35841,"description":37654,"extension":2083,"meta":37655,"navigation":296,"path":37656,"seo":37657,"stem":37658,"__hash__":37659},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35842,"toc":37623},[35843,35849,35854,35857,35865,35871,35873,35953,35955,35981,35986,35991,35996,35999,36010,36013,36015,36094,36096,36122,36129,36131,36133,36157,36160,36172,36177,36179,36258,36260,36286,36293,36298,36306,36312,36319,36322,36324,36403,36406,36463,36465,36502,36508,36513,36518,36521,36535,36537,36640,36642,36685,36694,36704,36710,36716,36723,36806,36808,36831,36834,36837,36839,36843,36847,36850,36913,36936,36939,36943,36949,36951,37018,37021,37098,37103,37109,37112,37115,37161,37163,37187,37192,37196,37201,37207,37270,37273,37275,37278,37303,37306,37441,37443,37544,37546,37551,37554,37560,37570,37578,37583,37589,37595,37597,37620],[10,35844,13,35846,18],{"id":35845},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35847,35848],{},"enumerate()",[20,35850,35851,35853],{},[15,35852,35848],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35855,35856],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[153,35858,35859,35862],{},[156,35860,35861],{},"the item itself",[156,35863,35864],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35866,35867,35868,35870],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35869,35848],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[38,35872,41],{"id":40},[43,35874,35876],{"className":45,"code":35875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35877,35878,35910,35914,35937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35879,35880,35882,35884,35886,35888,35890,35892,35894,35896,35898,35900,35902,35904,35906,35908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35881,13165],{"class":58},[52,35883,63],{"class":62},[52,35885,67],{"class":66},[52,35887,757],{"class":756},[52,35889,13182],{"class":760},[52,35891,757],{"class":756},[52,35893,74],{"class":66},[52,35895,768],{"class":756},[52,35897,17549],{"class":760},[52,35899,757],{"class":756},[52,35901,74],{"class":66},[52,35903,768],{"class":756},[52,35905,13199],{"class":760},[52,35907,757],{"class":756},[52,35909,90],{"class":66},[52,35911,35912],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35913,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,35915,35916,35918,35921,35923,35926,35928,35931,35933,35935],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35917,1678],{"class":1195},[52,35919,35920],{"class":58}," index",[52,35922,74],{"class":66},[52,35924,35925],{"class":58}," color ",[52,35927,1202],{"class":1195},[52,35929,35930],{"class":101}," enumerate",[52,35932,105],{"class":66},[52,35934,17596],{"class":108},[52,35936,8428],{"class":66},[52,35938,35939,35941,35943,35946,35948,35951],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,35940,8154],{"class":101},[52,35942,105],{"class":66},[52,35944,35945],{"class":108},"index",[52,35947,74],{"class":66},[52,35949,35950],{"class":108}," color",[52,35952,112],{"class":66},[20,35954,311],{},[43,35956,35958],{"className":45,"code":35957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35959,35960,35967,35974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,35961,35962,35964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,35963,207],{"class":70},[52,35965,35966],{"class":58}," red\n",[52,35968,35969,35971],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,35970,71],{"class":70},[52,35972,35973],{"class":58}," green\n",[52,35975,35976,35978],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,35977,440],{"class":70},[52,35979,35980],{"class":58}," blue\n",[20,35982,133,35983,35985],{},[15,35984,35848],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[38,35987,140,35989,143],{"id":35988},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35990,35848],{},[20,35992,35993,35995],{},[15,35994,35848],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35997,35998],{},"It is commonly used with:",[153,36000,36001,36003,36005,36007],{},[156,36002,918],{},[156,36004,5392],{},[156,36006,5398],{},[156,36008,36009],{},"other iterable objects",[20,36011,36012],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,36014,2324],{},[43,36016,36018],{"className":45,"code":36017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,36019,36020,36054,36058,36079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36021,36022,36024,36026,36028,36030,36032,36034,36036,36038,36041,36043,36045,36047,36050,36052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36023,5088],{"class":58},[52,36025,63],{"class":62},[52,36027,67],{"class":66},[52,36029,757],{"class":756},[52,36031,12969],{"class":760},[52,36033,757],{"class":756},[52,36035,74],{"class":66},[52,36037,768],{"class":756},[52,36039,36040],{"class":760},"Ben",[52,36042,757],{"class":756},[52,36044,74],{"class":66},[52,36046,768],{"class":756},[52,36048,36049],{"class":760},"Cara",[52,36051,757],{"class":756},[52,36053,90],{"class":66},[52,36055,36056],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36057,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,36059,36060,36062,36064,36066,36069,36071,36073,36075,36077],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36061,1678],{"class":1195},[52,36063,35920],{"class":58},[52,36065,74],{"class":66},[52,36067,36068],{"class":58}," name ",[52,36070,1202],{"class":1195},[52,36072,35930],{"class":101},[52,36074,105],{"class":66},[52,36076,5132],{"class":108},[52,36078,8428],{"class":66},[52,36080,36081,36083,36085,36087,36089,36092],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,36082,8154],{"class":101},[52,36084,105],{"class":66},[52,36086,35945],{"class":108},[52,36088,74],{"class":66},[52,36090,36091],{"class":108}," name",[52,36093,112],{"class":66},[20,36095,311],{},[43,36097,36099],{"className":45,"code":36098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,36100,36101,36108,36115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36102,36103,36105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36104,207],{"class":70},[52,36106,36107],{"class":58}," Ana\n",[52,36109,36110,36112],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36111,71],{"class":70},[52,36113,36114],{"class":58}," Ben\n",[52,36116,36117,36119],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36118,440],{"class":70},[52,36120,36121],{"class":58}," Cara\n",[20,36123,36124,36125,242],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[236,36126,36128],{"href":36127},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[38,36130,181],{"id":180},[20,36132,2277],{},[43,36134,36136],{"className":45,"code":36135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,36137,36138],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36139,36140,36143,36145,36147,36149,36151,36153,36155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36141,36142],{"class":101},"enumerate",[52,36144,105],{"class":66},[52,36146,196],{"class":108},[52,36148,74],{"class":66},[52,36150,202],{"class":201},[52,36152,63],{"class":62},[52,36154,207],{"class":70},[52,36156,112],{"class":66},[20,36158,36159],{},"It has two parts:",[153,36161,36162,36167],{},[156,36163,36164,36166],{},[15,36165,196],{},": the object you want to loop through",[156,36168,36169,36171],{},[15,36170,35],{},": the number to begin counting from",[20,36173,36174,36175,242],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,36176,207],{},[20,36178,2324],{},[43,36180,36182],{"className":45,"code":36181,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,36183,36184,36216,36220,36242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36185,36186,36188,36190,36192,36194,36196,36198,36200,36202,36204,36206,36208,36210,36212,36214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36187,1387],{"class":58},[52,36189,63],{"class":62},[52,36191,67],{"class":66},[52,36193,757],{"class":756},[52,36195,236],{"class":760},[52,36197,757],{"class":756},[52,36199,74],{"class":66},[52,36201,768],{"class":756},[52,36203,4853],{"class":760},[52,36205,757],{"class":756},[52,36207,74],{"class":66},[52,36209,768],{"class":756},[52,36211,9825],{"class":760},[52,36213,757],{"class":756},[52,36215,90],{"class":66},[52,36217,36218],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36219,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,36221,36222,36224,36227,36229,36232,36234,36236,36238,36240],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36223,1678],{"class":1195},[52,36225,36226],{"class":58}," i",[52,36228,74],{"class":66},[52,36230,36231],{"class":58}," letter ",[52,36233,1202],{"class":1195},[52,36235,35930],{"class":101},[52,36237,105],{"class":66},[52,36239,1458],{"class":108},[52,36241,8428],{"class":66},[52,36243,36244,36246,36248,36251,36253,36256],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,36245,8154],{"class":101},[52,36247,105],{"class":66},[52,36249,36250],{"class":108},"i",[52,36252,74],{"class":66},[52,36254,36255],{"class":108}," letter",[52,36257,112],{"class":66},[20,36259,311],{},[43,36261,36263],{"className":45,"code":36262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,36264,36265,36272,36279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36266,36267,36269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36268,207],{"class":70},[52,36270,36271],{"class":58}," a\n",[52,36273,36274,36276],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36275,71],{"class":70},[52,36277,36278],{"class":58}," b\n",[52,36280,36281,36283],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36282,440],{"class":70},[52,36284,36285],{"class":58}," c\n",[20,36287,36288,36289,242],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[236,36290,13,36291,1999],{"href":238},[15,36292,167],{},[38,36294,140,36296,11793],{"id":36295},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,36297,35848],{},[20,36299,36300,36302,36303,242],{},[15,36301,35848],{}," returns an ",[3842,36304,36305],{},"enumerate object",[20,36307,36308,36309,36311],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,36310,1678],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[153,36313,36314],{},[156,36315,36316],{},[15,36317,36318],{},"(index, item)",[20,36320,36321],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,36323,2324],{},[43,36325,36327],{"className":45,"code":36326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,36328,36329,36362,36366,36388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36330,36331,36334,36336,36338,36340,36342,36344,36346,36348,36350,36352,36354,36356,36358,36360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36332,36333],{"class":58},"fruits ",[52,36335,63],{"class":62},[52,36337,67],{"class":66},[52,36339,757],{"class":756},[52,36341,4171],{"class":760},[52,36343,757],{"class":756},[52,36345,74],{"class":66},[52,36347,768],{"class":756},[52,36349,4180],{"class":760},[52,36351,757],{"class":756},[52,36353,74],{"class":66},[52,36355,768],{"class":756},[52,36357,33317],{"class":760},[52,36359,757],{"class":756},[52,36361,90],{"class":66},[52,36363,36364],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36365,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,36367,36368,36370,36372,36374,36377,36379,36381,36383,36386],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36369,1678],{"class":1195},[52,36371,35920],{"class":58},[52,36373,74],{"class":66},[52,36375,36376],{"class":58}," fruit ",[52,36378,1202],{"class":1195},[52,36380,35930],{"class":101},[52,36382,105],{"class":66},[52,36384,36385],{"class":108},"fruits",[52,36387,8428],{"class":66},[52,36389,36390,36392,36394,36396,36398,36401],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,36391,8154],{"class":101},[52,36393,105],{"class":66},[52,36395,35945],{"class":108},[52,36397,74],{"class":66},[52,36399,36400],{"class":108}," fruit",[52,36402,112],{"class":66},[20,36404,36405],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[43,36407,36409],{"className":45,"code":36408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,36410,36411,36431,36435,36453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36412,36413,36415,36417,36419,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36414,59],{"class":58},[52,36416,63],{"class":62},[52,36418,67],{"class":66},[52,36420,430],{"class":70},[52,36422,74],{"class":66},[52,36424,7874],{"class":70},[52,36426,74],{"class":66},[52,36428,7879],{"class":70},[52,36430,90],{"class":66},[52,36432,36433],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36434,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,36436,36437,36439,36441,36443,36445,36447,36449,36451],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36438,2347],{"class":58},[52,36440,63],{"class":62},[52,36442,22655],{"class":1184},[52,36444,105],{"class":66},[52,36446,36142],{"class":101},[52,36448,105],{"class":66},[52,36450,109],{"class":108},[52,36452,510],{"class":66},[52,36454,36455,36457,36459,36461],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,36456,118],{"class":101},[52,36458,105],{"class":66},[52,36460,2382],{"class":108},[52,36462,112],{"class":66},[20,36464,311],{},[43,36466,36468],{"className":45,"code":36467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,36469,36470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36471,36472,36474,36476,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498,36500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36473,21835],{"class":66},[52,36475,207],{"class":70},[52,36477,74],{"class":66},[52,36479,270],{"class":70},[52,36481,9318],{"class":66},[52,36483,9321],{"class":66},[52,36485,71],{"class":70},[52,36487,74],{"class":66},[52,36489,7874],{"class":70},[52,36491,9318],{"class":66},[52,36493,9321],{"class":66},[52,36495,440],{"class":70},[52,36497,74],{"class":66},[52,36499,7879],{"class":70},[52,36501,9334],{"class":66},[20,36503,36504,36505,36507],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36506,35848],{}," produces.",[38,36509,5054,36511],{"id":36510},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36512,35848],{},[20,36514,133,36515,36517],{},[15,36516,35848],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36519,36520],{},"Common cases:",[153,36522,36523,36526,36529,36532],{},[156,36524,36525],{},"printing numbered output",[156,36527,36528],{},"building menus",[156,36530,36531],{},"showing positions in a list",[156,36533,36534],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36536,2324],{},[43,36538,36540],{"className":45,"code":36539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36541,36542,36577,36581,36611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36543,36544,36546,36548,36550,36552,36555,36557,36559,36561,36564,36566,36568,36570,36573,36575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36545,29993],{"class":58},[52,36547,63],{"class":62},[52,36549,67],{"class":66},[52,36551,757],{"class":756},[52,36553,36554],{"class":760},"Wash dishes",[52,36556,757],{"class":756},[52,36558,74],{"class":66},[52,36560,768],{"class":756},[52,36562,36563],{"class":760},"Study Python",[52,36565,757],{"class":756},[52,36567,74],{"class":66},[52,36569,768],{"class":756},[52,36571,36572],{"class":760},"Go for a walk",[52,36574,757],{"class":756},[52,36576,90],{"class":66},[52,36578,36579],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36580,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,36582,36583,36585,36587,36589,36592,36594,36596,36598,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36584,1678],{"class":1195},[52,36586,2313],{"class":58},[52,36588,74],{"class":66},[52,36590,36591],{"class":58}," task ",[52,36593,1202],{"class":1195},[52,36595,35930],{"class":101},[52,36597,105],{"class":66},[52,36599,36600],{"class":108},"tasks",[52,36602,74],{"class":66},[52,36604,202],{"class":201},[52,36606,63],{"class":62},[52,36608,71],{"class":70},[52,36610,8428],{"class":66},[52,36612,36613,36615,36617,36619,36621,36623,36625,36627,36629,36631,36634,36636,36638],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,36614,8154],{"class":101},[52,36616,105],{"class":66},[52,36618,22389],{"class":2184},[52,36620,757],{"class":760},[52,36622,9363],{"class":70},[52,36624,2357],{"class":108},[52,36626,22398],{"class":70},[52,36628,28408],{"class":760},[52,36630,9363],{"class":70},[52,36632,36633],{"class":108},"task",[52,36635,22398],{"class":70},[52,36637,757],{"class":760},[52,36639,112],{"class":66},[20,36641,311],{},[43,36643,36645],{"className":45,"code":36644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36646,36647,36659,36671],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36648,36649,36651,36653,36656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36650,71],{"class":70},[52,36652,242],{"class":66},[52,36654,36655],{"class":24845}," Wash",[52,36657,36658],{"class":58}," dishes\n",[52,36660,36661,36663,36665,36668],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36662,440],{"class":70},[52,36664,242],{"class":66},[52,36666,36667],{"class":24845}," Study",[52,36669,36670],{"class":58}," Python\n",[52,36672,36673,36675,36677,36680,36682],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36674,445],{"class":70},[52,36676,242],{"class":66},[52,36678,36679],{"class":24845}," Go",[52,36681,1196],{"class":1195},[52,36683,36684],{"class":58}," a walk\n",[20,36686,36687,36688,36690,36691,242],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36689,35848],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36692,36693],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36695,36696,36697,242],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[236,36698,36700,36701,36703],{"href":36699},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36702,35848],{}," in Python",[38,36705,345,36707,36709],{"id":36706},"using-the-start-argument",[15,36708,35],{}," argument",[20,36711,36712,36713,36715],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36714,35],{}," argument.",[20,36717,36718,36719,11180,36721,1772],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36720,71],{},[15,36722,207],{},[43,36724,36726],{"className":45,"code":36725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36727,36728,36760,36764,36792],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36729,36730,36732,36734,36736,36738,36740,36742,36744,36746,36748,36750,36752,36754,36756,36758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36731,13165],{"class":58},[52,36733,63],{"class":62},[52,36735,67],{"class":66},[52,36737,757],{"class":756},[52,36739,13182],{"class":760},[52,36741,757],{"class":756},[52,36743,74],{"class":66},[52,36745,768],{"class":756},[52,36747,17549],{"class":760},[52,36749,757],{"class":756},[52,36751,74],{"class":66},[52,36753,768],{"class":756},[52,36755,13199],{"class":760},[52,36757,757],{"class":756},[52,36759,90],{"class":66},[52,36761,36762],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36763,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,36765,36766,36768,36770,36772,36774,36776,36778,36780,36782,36784,36786,36788,36790],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36767,1678],{"class":1195},[52,36769,35920],{"class":58},[52,36771,74],{"class":66},[52,36773,35925],{"class":58},[52,36775,1202],{"class":1195},[52,36777,35930],{"class":101},[52,36779,105],{"class":66},[52,36781,17596],{"class":108},[52,36783,74],{"class":66},[52,36785,202],{"class":201},[52,36787,63],{"class":62},[52,36789,71],{"class":70},[52,36791,8428],{"class":66},[52,36793,36794,36796,36798,36800,36802,36804],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,36795,8154],{"class":101},[52,36797,105],{"class":66},[52,36799,35945],{"class":108},[52,36801,74],{"class":66},[52,36803,35950],{"class":108},[52,36805,112],{"class":66},[20,36807,311],{},[43,36809,36811],{"className":45,"code":36810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36812,36813,36819,36825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36814,36815,36817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36816,71],{"class":70},[52,36818,35966],{"class":58},[52,36820,36821,36823],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36822,440],{"class":70},[52,36824,35973],{"class":58},[52,36826,36827,36829],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36828,445],{"class":70},[52,36830,35980],{"class":58},[20,36832,36833],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36835,36836],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[38,36838,25452],{"id":25451},[20,36840,25455,36841,242],{},[15,36842,35848],{},[461,36844,36846],{"id":36845},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36848,36849],{},"In this loop:",[43,36851,36853],{"className":45,"code":36852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36854,36855,36875,36879,36899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36856,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36858,59],{"class":58},[52,36860,63],{"class":62},[52,36862,67],{"class":66},[52,36864,430],{"class":70},[52,36866,74],{"class":66},[52,36868,7874],{"class":70},[52,36870,74],{"class":66},[52,36872,7879],{"class":70},[52,36874,90],{"class":66},[52,36876,36877],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36878,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,36880,36881,36883,36885,36887,36889,36891,36893,36895,36897],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36882,1678],{"class":1195},[52,36884,35920],{"class":58},[52,36886,74],{"class":66},[52,36888,21679],{"class":58},[52,36890,1202],{"class":1195},[52,36892,35930],{"class":101},[52,36894,105],{"class":66},[52,36896,109],{"class":108},[52,36898,8428],{"class":66},[52,36900,36901,36903,36905,36907,36909,36911],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,36902,8154],{"class":101},[52,36904,105],{"class":66},[52,36906,35945],{"class":108},[52,36908,74],{"class":66},[52,36910,348],{"class":108},[52,36912,112],{"class":66},[153,36914,36915,36925],{},[156,36916,36917,4876,36919,2305,36921,2305,36923],{},[15,36918,35945],{},[15,36920,207],{},[15,36922,71],{},[15,36924,440],{},[156,36926,36927,4876,36929,2305,36931,2305,36933],{},[15,36928,2588],{},[15,36930,430],{},[15,36932,15846],{},[15,36934,36935],{},"30",[20,36937,36938],{},"These are different things.",[461,36940,36942],{"id":36941},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36944,36945,36946,36948],{},"Each item from ",[15,36947,35848],{}," is a pair.",[20,36950,6769],{},[43,36952,36954],{"className":45,"code":36953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36955,36956,36980,36984,37004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,36957,36958,36960,36962,36964,36966,36968,36970,36972,36974,36976,36978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,36959,7863],{"class":58},[52,36961,63],{"class":62},[52,36963,67],{"class":66},[52,36965,757],{"class":756},[52,36967,1190],{"class":760},[52,36969,757],{"class":756},[52,36971,74],{"class":66},[52,36973,768],{"class":756},[52,36975,1405],{"class":760},[52,36977,757],{"class":756},[52,36979,90],{"class":66},[52,36981,36982],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,36983,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,36985,36986,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,36987,1678],{"class":1195},[52,36989,36226],{"class":58},[52,36991,74],{"class":66},[52,36993,6048],{"class":58},[52,36995,1202],{"class":1195},[52,36997,35930],{"class":101},[52,36999,105],{"class":66},[52,37001,7894],{"class":108},[52,37003,8428],{"class":66},[52,37005,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,37007,8154],{"class":101},[52,37009,105],{"class":66},[52,37011,36250],{"class":108},[52,37013,74],{"class":66},[52,37015,29602],{"class":108},[52,37017,112],{"class":66},[20,37019,37020],{},"But this causes an error:",[43,37022,37024],{"className":45,"code":37023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,37025,37026,37050,37054,37079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37027,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37029,7863],{"class":58},[52,37031,63],{"class":62},[52,37033,67],{"class":66},[52,37035,757],{"class":756},[52,37037,1190],{"class":760},[52,37039,757],{"class":756},[52,37041,74],{"class":66},[52,37043,768],{"class":756},[52,37045,1405],{"class":760},[52,37047,757],{"class":756},[52,37049,90],{"class":66},[52,37051,37052],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,37053,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,37055,37056,37058,37060,37062,37064,37066,37069,37071,37073,37075,37077],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37057,1678],{"class":1195},[52,37059,36226],{"class":58},[52,37061,74],{"class":66},[52,37063,29602],{"class":58},[52,37065,74],{"class":66},[52,37067,37068],{"class":58}," extra ",[52,37070,1202],{"class":1195},[52,37072,35930],{"class":101},[52,37074,105],{"class":66},[52,37076,7894],{"class":108},[52,37078,8428],{"class":66},[52,37080,37081,37083,37085,37087,37089,37091,37093,37096],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,37082,8154],{"class":101},[52,37084,105],{"class":66},[52,37086,36250],{"class":108},[52,37088,74],{"class":66},[52,37090,29602],{"class":108},[52,37092,74],{"class":66},[52,37094,37095],{"class":108}," extra",[52,37097,112],{"class":66},[20,37099,29156,37100,37102],{},[15,37101,35848],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[461,37104,37106,37108],{"id":37105},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,37107,35848],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,37110,37111],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,37113,37114],{},"Example with a string:",[43,37116,37118],{"className":45,"code":37117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,37119,37120,37146],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37121,37122,37124,37126,37128,37131,37133,37135,37137,37139,37142,37144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37123,1678],{"class":1195},[52,37125,35920],{"class":58},[52,37127,74],{"class":66},[52,37129,37130],{"class":58}," char ",[52,37132,1202],{"class":1195},[52,37134,35930],{"class":101},[52,37136,105],{"class":66},[52,37138,757],{"class":756},[52,37140,37141],{"class":760},"cat",[52,37143,757],{"class":756},[52,37145,8428],{"class":66},[52,37147,37148,37150,37152,37154,37156,37159],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,37149,8154],{"class":101},[52,37151,105],{"class":66},[52,37153,35945],{"class":108},[52,37155,74],{"class":66},[52,37157,37158],{"class":108}," char",[52,37160,112],{"class":66},[20,37162,311],{},[43,37164,37166],{"className":45,"code":37165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,37167,37168,37174,37180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37169,37170,37172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37171,207],{"class":70},[52,37173,36285],{"class":58},[52,37175,37176,37178],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,37177,71],{"class":70},[52,37179,36271],{"class":58},[52,37181,37182,37184],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37183,440],{"class":70},[52,37185,37186],{"class":58}," t\n",[20,37188,37189,37190,242],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[236,37191,5230],{"href":5675},[461,37193,37195],{"id":37194},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,37197,37198,37199,242],{},"You do not always need ",[15,37200,35848],{},[20,37202,37203,37204,37206],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,37205,1678],{}," loop:",[43,37208,37210],{"className":45,"code":37209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,37211,37212,37244,37248,37260],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37213,37214,37216,37218,37220,37222,37224,37226,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37215,13165],{"class":58},[52,37217,63],{"class":62},[52,37219,67],{"class":66},[52,37221,757],{"class":756},[52,37223,13182],{"class":760},[52,37225,757],{"class":756},[52,37227,74],{"class":66},[52,37229,768],{"class":756},[52,37231,17549],{"class":760},[52,37233,757],{"class":756},[52,37235,74],{"class":66},[52,37237,768],{"class":756},[52,37239,13199],{"class":760},[52,37241,757],{"class":756},[52,37243,90],{"class":66},[52,37245,37246],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,37247,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,37249,37250,37252,37254,37256,37258],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37251,1678],{"class":1195},[52,37253,35925],{"class":58},[52,37255,1202],{"class":1195},[52,37257,13213],{"class":58},[52,37259,1689],{"class":66},[52,37261,37262,37264,37266,37268],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,37263,8154],{"class":101},[52,37265,105],{"class":66},[52,37267,32987],{"class":108},[52,37269,112],{"class":66},[20,37271,37272],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[38,37274,1766],{"id":1765},[20,37276,37277],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[153,37279,37280,37285,37291,37296],{},[156,37281,23196,37282,37284],{},[15,37283,35848],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[156,37286,37287,37288,37290],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,37289,207],{}," by default",[156,37292,1372,37293,37295],{},[15,37294,35848],{}," when only values are needed",[156,37297,37298,37299,8791,37301],{},"Confusing ",[15,37300,35848],{},[15,37302,167],{},[20,37304,37305],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[43,37307,37309],{"className":45,"code":37308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,37310,37311,37333,37360,37394,37427],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37312,37313,37315,37317,37319,37321,37323,37325,37327,37329,37331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37314,118],{"class":101},[52,37316,105],{"class":66},[52,37318,36142],{"class":101},[52,37320,1058],{"class":66},[52,37322,430],{"class":70},[52,37324,74],{"class":66},[52,37326,7874],{"class":70},[52,37328,74],{"class":66},[52,37330,7879],{"class":70},[52,37332,1063],{"class":66},[52,37334,37335,37337,37339,37341,37343,37345,37347,37349,37351,37353,37355,37357],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,37336,118],{"class":101},[52,37338,105],{"class":66},[52,37340,8179],{"class":1184},[52,37342,105],{"class":66},[52,37344,36142],{"class":101},[52,37346,1058],{"class":66},[52,37348,430],{"class":70},[52,37350,74],{"class":66},[52,37352,7874],{"class":70},[52,37354,74],{"class":66},[52,37356,7879],{"class":70},[52,37358,37359],{"class":66},"])))\n",[52,37361,37362,37364,37366,37368,37370,37372,37374,37376,37378,37380,37382,37384,37386,37388,37390,37392],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37363,118],{"class":101},[52,37365,105],{"class":66},[52,37367,8179],{"class":1184},[52,37369,105],{"class":66},[52,37371,36142],{"class":101},[52,37373,1058],{"class":66},[52,37375,430],{"class":70},[52,37377,74],{"class":66},[52,37379,7874],{"class":70},[52,37381,74],{"class":66},[52,37383,7879],{"class":70},[52,37385,894],{"class":66},[52,37387,202],{"class":201},[52,37389,63],{"class":62},[52,37391,71],{"class":70},[52,37393,622],{"class":66},[52,37395,37396,37398,37400,37402,37404,37406,37408,37410,37412,37414,37416,37418,37420,37422,37424],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,37397,1678],{"class":1195},[52,37399,36226],{"class":58},[52,37401,74],{"class":66},[52,37403,21679],{"class":58},[52,37405,1202],{"class":1195},[52,37407,35930],{"class":101},[52,37409,1058],{"class":66},[52,37411,3406],{"class":756},[52,37413,236],{"class":760},[52,37415,3406],{"class":756},[52,37417,74],{"class":66},[52,37419,3401],{"class":756},[52,37421,4853],{"class":760},[52,37423,3406],{"class":756},[52,37425,37426],{"class":66},"]):\n",[52,37428,37429,37431,37433,37435,37437,37439],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,37430,8154],{"class":101},[52,37432,105],{"class":66},[52,37434,36250],{"class":108},[52,37436,74],{"class":66},[52,37438,348],{"class":108},[52,37440,112],{"class":66},[20,37442,17051],{},[43,37444,37446],{"className":45,"code":37445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,37447,37448,37468,37500,37532,37538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37449,37450,37452,37454,37456,37459,37463,37466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37451,3395],{"class":62},[52,37453,36142],{"class":101},[52,37455,241],{"class":1184},[52,37457,37458],{"class":58}," at ",[52,37460,37462],{"class":37461},"srjyR","0x",[52,37464,37465],{"class":34550},"...",[52,37467,3409],{"class":62},[52,37469,37470,37472,37474,37476,37478,37480,37482,37484,37486,37488,37490,37492,37494,37496,37498],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,37471,21835],{"class":66},[52,37473,207],{"class":70},[52,37475,74],{"class":66},[52,37477,270],{"class":70},[52,37479,9318],{"class":66},[52,37481,9321],{"class":66},[52,37483,71],{"class":70},[52,37485,74],{"class":66},[52,37487,7874],{"class":70},[52,37489,9318],{"class":66},[52,37491,9321],{"class":66},[52,37493,440],{"class":70},[52,37495,74],{"class":66},[52,37497,7879],{"class":70},[52,37499,9334],{"class":66},[52,37501,37502,37504,37506,37508,37510,37512,37514,37516,37518,37520,37522,37524,37526,37528,37530],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37503,21835],{"class":66},[52,37505,71],{"class":70},[52,37507,74],{"class":66},[52,37509,270],{"class":70},[52,37511,9318],{"class":66},[52,37513,9321],{"class":66},[52,37515,440],{"class":70},[52,37517,74],{"class":66},[52,37519,7874],{"class":70},[52,37521,9318],{"class":66},[52,37523,9321],{"class":66},[52,37525,445],{"class":70},[52,37527,74],{"class":66},[52,37529,7879],{"class":70},[52,37531,9334],{"class":66},[52,37533,37534,37536],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,37535,207],{"class":70},[52,37537,36271],{"class":58},[52,37539,37540,37542],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,37541,71],{"class":70},[52,37543,36278],{"class":58},[38,37545,1919],{"id":1918},[461,37547,1923,37549,1926],{"id":37548},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37550,35848],{},[20,37552,37553],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[461,37555,12792,37557,37559],{"id":37556},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37558,35848],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37561,37562,37563,37565,37566,37569],{},"It starts at ",[15,37564,207],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37567,37568],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[461,37571,21515,37573,11180,37575,1963],{"id":37572},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37574,35848],{},[15,37576,37577],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37579,36687,37580,37582],{},[15,37581,35848],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[461,37584,1933,37586,37588],{"id":37585},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37587,35848],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37590,37591,37592,37594],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37593,35848],{}," can return each character with its index.",[38,37596,1986],{"id":1985},[153,37598,37599,37603,37609,37616],{},[156,37600,37601],{},[236,37602,36128],{"href":36127},[156,37604,37605],{},[236,37606,13,37607,1999],{"href":238},[15,37608,167],{},[156,37610,37611],{},[236,37612,37613,37614,36703],{"href":36699},"How to use ",[15,37615,35848],{},[156,37617,37618],{},[236,37619,5307],{"href":5675},[2029,37621,37622],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":37624},[37625,37626,37628,37629,37631,37633,37635,37642,37643,37653],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":35988,"depth":93,"text":37627},"What enumerate() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":36295,"depth":93,"text":37630},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36510,"depth":93,"text":37632},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36706,"depth":93,"text":37634},"Using the start argument",{"id":25451,"depth":93,"text":25452,"children":37636},[37637,37638,37639,37641],{"id":36845,"depth":115,"text":36846},{"id":36941,"depth":115,"text":36942},{"id":37105,"depth":115,"text":37640},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":37194,"depth":115,"text":37195},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":37644},[37645,37647,37649,37651],{"id":37548,"depth":115,"text":37646},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37556,"depth":115,"text":37648},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37572,"depth":115,"text":37650},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37585,"depth":115,"text":37652},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35840,"description":37654},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37661,"title":37662,"body":37663,"description":40175,"extension":2083,"meta":40176,"navigation":296,"path":40177,"seo":40178,"stem":40179,"__hash__":40180},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37664,"toc":40132},[37665,37671,37676,37679,37687,37701,37703,37793,37801,37806,37811,37813,37829,37831,37910,37912,37929,37935,37939,37941,37962,37966,37969,37981,37985,37988,37991,38008,38011,38086,38088,38105,38110,38114,38122,38125,38140,38142,38231,38233,38278,38281,38285,38288,38367,38369,38391,38394,38401,38406,38409,38512,38514,38539,38542,38549,38555,38560,38563,38574,38679,38681,38702,38710,38717,38723,38742,38747,38750,38769,38771,38856,38858,38887,38890,38895,38900,38903,38914,38916,39005,39007,39027,39033,39139,39141,39161,39164,39248,39250,39270,39277,39279,39283,39289,39292,39349,39352,39355,39416,39425,39428,39431,39459,39462,39522,39524,39541,39545,39548,39626,39628,39648,39651,39726,39730,39733,39735,39744,39749,39751,39802,39810,39822,39827,39888,39890,39907,39911,39974,39976,40001,40009,40011,40017,40023,40030,40038,40044,40047,40054,40064,40070,40076,40079,40096,40101,40103,40129],[10,37666,13,37668,18],{"id":37667},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37669,37670],{},"filter()",[20,37672,37673,37675],{},[15,37674,37670],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37677,37678],{},"It takes:",[153,37680,37681,37684],{},[156,37682,37683],{},"a function that checks each item",[156,37685,37686],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37688,37689,37690,37693,37694,37697,37698,37700],{},"The result is ",[3842,37691,37692],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37695,37696],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37699,24875],{}," to see the values.",[38,37702,41],{"id":40},[43,37704,37706],{"className":45,"code":37705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37707,37708,37740,37776],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37709,37710,37712,37714,37716,37718,37720,37722,37724,37726,37728,37730,37732,37734,37736,37738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37711,59],{"class":58},[52,37713,63],{"class":62},[52,37715,67],{"class":66},[52,37717,71],{"class":70},[52,37719,74],{"class":66},[52,37721,77],{"class":70},[52,37723,74],{"class":66},[52,37725,82],{"class":70},[52,37727,74],{"class":66},[52,37729,87],{"class":70},[52,37731,74],{"class":66},[52,37733,4696],{"class":70},[52,37735,74],{"class":66},[52,37737,619],{"class":70},[52,37739,90],{"class":66},[52,37741,37742,37744,37746,37749,37751,37754,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768,37770,37772,37774],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,37743,2347],{"class":58},[52,37745,63],{"class":62},[52,37747,37748],{"class":101}," filter",[52,37750,105],{"class":66},[52,37752,37753],{"class":2184},"lambda",[52,37755,37757],{"class":37756},"sFwrP"," x",[52,37759,1772],{"class":66},[52,37761,1199],{"class":108},[52,37763,6487],{"class":62},[52,37765,77],{"class":70},[52,37767,6492],{"class":62},[52,37769,3933],{"class":70},[52,37771,74],{"class":66},[52,37773,1686],{"class":108},[52,37775,112],{"class":66},[52,37777,37778,37780,37782,37784,37786,37788,37790],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37779,118],{"class":101},[52,37781,105],{"class":66},[52,37783,8179],{"class":1184},[52,37785,105],{"class":66},[52,37787,2382],{"class":108},[52,37789,5450],{"class":66},[52,37791,37792],{"class":129},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37794,37795,37797,37798,37800],{},[15,37796,37670],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37799,24875],{}," to see the results.",[38,37802,140,37804,143],{"id":37803},"what-filter-does",[15,37805,37670],{},[20,37807,37808,37810],{},[15,37809,37670],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37812,2226],{},[153,37814,37815,37818,37824],{},[156,37816,37817],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[156,37819,37820,37821,37823],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37822,173],{},", the item is kept",[156,37825,37820,37826,37828],{},[15,37827,655],{},", the item is removed",[20,37830,2324],{},[43,37832,37834],{"className":45,"code":37833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37835,37836,37864,37868,37896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37837,37838,37840,37842,37844,37846,37848,37850,37852,37854,37856,37858,37860,37862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37839,59],{"class":58},[52,37841,63],{"class":62},[52,37843,67],{"class":66},[52,37845,71],{"class":70},[52,37847,74],{"class":66},[52,37849,77],{"class":70},[52,37851,74],{"class":66},[52,37853,82],{"class":70},[52,37855,74],{"class":66},[52,37857,87],{"class":70},[52,37859,74],{"class":66},[52,37861,4696],{"class":70},[52,37863,90],{"class":66},[52,37865,37866],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,37867,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,37869,37870,37872,37874,37876,37878,37880,37882,37884,37886,37888,37890,37892,37894],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,37871,2347],{"class":58},[52,37873,63],{"class":62},[52,37875,37748],{"class":101},[52,37877,105],{"class":66},[52,37879,37753],{"class":2184},[52,37881,37757],{"class":37756},[52,37883,1772],{"class":66},[52,37885,1199],{"class":108},[52,37887,4344],{"class":62},[52,37889,82],{"class":70},[52,37891,74],{"class":66},[52,37893,1686],{"class":108},[52,37895,112],{"class":66},[52,37897,37898,37900,37902,37904,37906,37908],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,37899,118],{"class":101},[52,37901,105],{"class":66},[52,37903,8179],{"class":1184},[52,37905,105],{"class":66},[52,37907,2382],{"class":108},[52,37909,510],{"class":66},[20,37911,311],{},[43,37913,37915],{"className":45,"code":37914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37916,37917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37918,37919,37921,37923,37925,37927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37920,3994],{"class":66},[52,37922,1595],{"class":70},[52,37924,74],{"class":66},[52,37926,4696],{"class":70},[52,37928,90],{"class":66},[20,37930,37931,37932,37934],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37933,445],{}," are kept.",[38,37936,37938],{"id":37937},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37940,2277],{},[43,37942,37944],{"className":45,"code":37943,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37945,37946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,37947,37948,37950,37952,37955,37957,37960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,37949,37696],{"class":101},[52,37951,105],{"class":66},[52,37953,37954],{"class":108},"function",[52,37956,74],{"class":66},[52,37958,37959],{"class":108}," iterable",[52,37961,112],{"class":66},[461,37963,37964],{"id":37954},[15,37965,37954],{},[20,37967,37968],{},"This is the test function.",[153,37970,37971,37974],{},[156,37972,37973],{},"It receives one item at a time",[156,37975,37976,37977,1943,37979],{},"It should return ",[15,37978,173],{},[15,37980,655],{},[461,37982,37983],{"id":196},[15,37984,196],{},[20,37986,37987],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37989,37990],{},"It can be:",[153,37992,37993,37996,37999,38002,38005],{},[156,37994,37995],{},"a list",[156,37997,37998],{},"a tuple",[156,38000,38001],{},"a string",[156,38003,38004],{},"a set",[156,38006,38007],{},"another iterable object",[20,38009,38010],{},"Example with a tuple:",[43,38012,38014],{"className":45,"code":38013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38015,38016,38040,38044,38072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38017,38018,38020,38022,38024,38026,38028,38030,38032,38034,38036,38038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38019,59],{"class":58},[52,38021,63],{"class":62},[52,38023,9321],{"class":66},[52,38025,430],{"class":70},[52,38027,74],{"class":66},[52,38029,275],{"class":70},[52,38031,74],{"class":66},[52,38033,7874],{"class":70},[52,38035,74],{"class":66},[52,38037,9391],{"class":70},[52,38039,112],{"class":66},[52,38041,38042],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38043,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,38045,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054,38056,38058,38060,38062,38064,38066,38068,38070],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38047,2347],{"class":58},[52,38049,63],{"class":62},[52,38051,37748],{"class":101},[52,38053,105],{"class":66},[52,38055,37753],{"class":2184},[52,38057,37757],{"class":37756},[52,38059,1772],{"class":66},[52,38061,1199],{"class":108},[52,38063,5192],{"class":62},[52,38065,7874],{"class":70},[52,38067,74],{"class":66},[52,38069,1686],{"class":108},[52,38071,112],{"class":66},[52,38073,38074,38076,38078,38080,38082,38084],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,38075,118],{"class":101},[52,38077,105],{"class":66},[52,38079,8179],{"class":1184},[52,38081,105],{"class":66},[52,38083,2382],{"class":108},[52,38085,510],{"class":66},[20,38087,311],{},[43,38089,38091],{"className":45,"code":38090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 25]\n",[15,38092,38093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38094,38095,38097,38099,38101,38103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38096,3994],{"class":66},[52,38098,15846],{"class":70},[52,38100,74],{"class":66},[52,38102,9391],{"class":70},[52,38104,90],{"class":66},[20,38106,38107,38108,242],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[236,38109,5230],{"href":5675},[38,38111,38113],{"id":38112},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,38115,38116,38117,22070,38119,242],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,38118,37670],{},[3842,38120,38121],{},"filter object",[20,38123,38124],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[153,38126,38127,38130,38135],{},[156,38128,38129],{},"loop through it",[156,38131,38132,38133],{},"convert it with ",[15,38134,24875],{},[156,38136,38132,38137],{},[15,38138,38139],{},"tuple()",[20,38141,2324],{},[43,38143,38145],{"className":45,"code":38144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38146,38147,38189,38193,38203,38217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38148,38149,38151,38153,38155,38157,38159,38161,38163,38165,38167,38169,38171,38173,38175,38177,38179,38181,38183,38185,38187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38150,2347],{"class":58},[52,38152,63],{"class":62},[52,38154,37748],{"class":101},[52,38156,105],{"class":66},[52,38158,37753],{"class":2184},[52,38160,37757],{"class":37756},[52,38162,1772],{"class":66},[52,38164,1199],{"class":108},[52,38166,4344],{"class":62},[52,38168,77],{"class":70},[52,38170,74],{"class":66},[52,38172,67],{"class":66},[52,38174,71],{"class":70},[52,38176,74],{"class":66},[52,38178,77],{"class":70},[52,38180,74],{"class":66},[52,38182,82],{"class":70},[52,38184,74],{"class":66},[52,38186,87],{"class":70},[52,38188,1858],{"class":66},[52,38190,38191],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38192,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,38194,38195,38197,38199,38201],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38196,118],{"class":101},[52,38198,105],{"class":66},[52,38200,2382],{"class":108},[52,38202,112],{"class":66},[52,38204,38205,38207,38209,38211,38213,38215],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,38206,118],{"class":101},[52,38208,105],{"class":66},[52,38210,1827],{"class":1184},[52,38212,105],{"class":66},[52,38214,2382],{"class":108},[52,38216,510],{"class":66},[52,38218,38219,38221,38223,38225,38227,38229],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,38220,118],{"class":101},[52,38222,105],{"class":66},[52,38224,8179],{"class":1184},[52,38226,105],{"class":66},[52,38228,2382],{"class":108},[52,38230,510],{"class":66},[20,38232,311],{},[43,38234,38236],{"className":45,"code":38235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,38237,38238,38252,38266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38239,38240,38242,38244,38246,38248,38250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38241,3395],{"class":62},[52,38243,37696],{"class":101},[52,38245,241],{"class":1184},[52,38247,37458],{"class":58},[52,38249,37465],{"class":34550},[52,38251,3409],{"class":62},[52,38253,38254,38256,38258,38260,38262,38264],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38255,3395],{"class":62},[52,38257,3398],{"class":2184},[52,38259,3401],{"class":756},[52,38261,37696],{"class":760},[52,38263,3406],{"class":756},[52,38265,3409],{"class":62},[52,38267,38268,38270,38272,38274,38276],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38269,3994],{"class":66},[52,38271,445],{"class":70},[52,38273,74],{"class":66},[52,38275,87],{"class":70},[52,38277,90],{"class":66},[20,38279,38280],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[461,38282,38284],{"id":38283},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,38286,38287],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[43,38289,38291],{"className":45,"code":38290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38292,38293,38335,38339,38353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38294,38295,38297,38299,38301,38303,38305,38307,38309,38311,38313,38315,38317,38319,38321,38323,38325,38327,38329,38331,38333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38296,2347],{"class":58},[52,38298,63],{"class":62},[52,38300,37748],{"class":101},[52,38302,105],{"class":66},[52,38304,37753],{"class":2184},[52,38306,37757],{"class":37756},[52,38308,1772],{"class":66},[52,38310,1199],{"class":108},[52,38312,4344],{"class":62},[52,38314,77],{"class":70},[52,38316,74],{"class":66},[52,38318,67],{"class":66},[52,38320,71],{"class":70},[52,38322,74],{"class":66},[52,38324,77],{"class":70},[52,38326,74],{"class":66},[52,38328,82],{"class":70},[52,38330,74],{"class":66},[52,38332,87],{"class":70},[52,38334,1858],{"class":66},[52,38336,38337],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38338,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,38340,38341,38343,38345,38347,38349,38351],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38342,118],{"class":101},[52,38344,105],{"class":66},[52,38346,8179],{"class":1184},[52,38348,105],{"class":66},[52,38350,2382],{"class":108},[52,38352,510],{"class":66},[52,38354,38355,38357,38359,38361,38363,38365],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,38356,118],{"class":101},[52,38358,105],{"class":66},[52,38360,8179],{"class":1184},[52,38362,105],{"class":66},[52,38364,2382],{"class":108},[52,38366,510],{"class":66},[20,38368,311],{},[43,38370,38372],{"className":45,"code":38371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,38373,38374,38386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38375,38376,38378,38380,38382,38384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38377,3994],{"class":66},[52,38379,445],{"class":70},[52,38381,74],{"class":66},[52,38383,87],{"class":70},[52,38385,90],{"class":66},[52,38387,38388],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38389,38390],{"class":66},"[]\n",[20,38392,38393],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[38,38395,1372,38397,8791,38399],{"id":38396},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,38398,37670],{},[15,38400,37753],{},[20,38402,15280,38403,38405],{},[15,38404,37753],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,38407,38408],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[43,38410,38412],{"className":45,"code":38411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38413,38414,38456,38460,38498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38415,38416,38418,38420,38422,38424,38426,38428,38430,38432,38435,38437,38439,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449,38452,38454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38417,749],{"class":58},[52,38419,63],{"class":62},[52,38421,67],{"class":66},[52,38423,757],{"class":756},[52,38425,4171],{"class":760},[52,38427,757],{"class":756},[52,38429,74],{"class":66},[52,38431,768],{"class":756},[52,38433,38434],{"class":760},"kiwi",[52,38436,757],{"class":756},[52,38438,74],{"class":66},[52,38440,768],{"class":756},[52,38442,4180],{"class":760},[52,38444,757],{"class":756},[52,38446,74],{"class":66},[52,38448,768],{"class":756},[52,38450,38451],{"class":760},"fig",[52,38453,757],{"class":756},[52,38455,90],{"class":66},[52,38457,38458],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38459,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,38461,38462,38464,38466,38468,38470,38472,38475,38477,38480,38482,38485,38487,38490,38492,38494,38496],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38463,2347],{"class":58},[52,38465,63],{"class":62},[52,38467,37748],{"class":101},[52,38469,105],{"class":66},[52,38471,37753],{"class":2184},[52,38473,38474],{"class":37756}," word",[52,38476,1772],{"class":66},[52,38478,38479],{"class":101}," len",[52,38481,105],{"class":66},[52,38483,38484],{"class":108},"word",[52,38486,126],{"class":66},[52,38488,38489],{"class":62}," >",[52,38491,87],{"class":70},[52,38493,74],{"class":66},[52,38495,6254],{"class":108},[52,38497,112],{"class":66},[52,38499,38500,38502,38504,38506,38508,38510],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,38501,118],{"class":101},[52,38503,105],{"class":66},[52,38505,8179],{"class":1184},[52,38507,105],{"class":66},[52,38509,2382],{"class":108},[52,38511,510],{"class":66},[20,38513,311],{},[43,38515,38517],{"className":45,"code":38516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38518,38519],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38520,38521,38523,38525,38527,38529,38531,38533,38535,38537],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38522,3994],{"class":66},[52,38524,3406],{"class":756},[52,38526,4171],{"class":760},[52,38528,3406],{"class":756},[52,38530,74],{"class":66},[52,38532,3401],{"class":756},[52,38534,4180],{"class":760},[52,38536,3406],{"class":756},[52,38538,90],{"class":66},[20,38540,38541],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38543,38544,38545,242],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[236,38546,38548],{"href":38547},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[38,38550,1372,38552,38554],{"id":38551},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38553,37670],{}," with a named function",[20,38556,38557,38558,242],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38559,37753],{},[20,38561,38562],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[153,38564,38565,38568,38571],{},[156,38566,38567],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[156,38569,38570],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[156,38572,38573],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[43,38575,38577],{"className":45,"code":38576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38578,38579,38592,38606,38610,38642,38661,38665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38580,38581,38583,38586,38588,38590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38582,34949],{"class":2184},[52,38584,38585],{"class":34952}," is_even",[52,38587,105],{"class":66},[52,38589,2357],{"class":37756},[52,38591,8428],{"class":66},[52,38593,38594,38596,38598,38600,38602,38604],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38595,34960],{"class":1195},[52,38597,1681],{"class":58},[52,38599,6487],{"class":62},[52,38601,77],{"class":70},[52,38603,6492],{"class":62},[52,38605,1669],{"class":70},[52,38607,38608],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38609,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,38611,38612,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626,38628,38630,38632,38634,38636,38638,38640],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,38613,59],{"class":58},[52,38615,63],{"class":62},[52,38617,67],{"class":66},[52,38619,71],{"class":70},[52,38621,74],{"class":66},[52,38623,77],{"class":70},[52,38625,74],{"class":66},[52,38627,82],{"class":70},[52,38629,74],{"class":66},[52,38631,87],{"class":70},[52,38633,74],{"class":66},[52,38635,4696],{"class":70},[52,38637,74],{"class":66},[52,38639,619],{"class":70},[52,38641,90],{"class":66},[52,38643,38644,38646,38648,38650,38652,38655,38657,38659],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,38645,2347],{"class":58},[52,38647,63],{"class":62},[52,38649,37748],{"class":101},[52,38651,105],{"class":66},[52,38653,38654],{"class":108},"is_even",[52,38656,74],{"class":66},[52,38658,1686],{"class":108},[52,38660,112],{"class":66},[52,38662,38663],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,38664,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,38666,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,38668,118],{"class":101},[52,38670,105],{"class":66},[52,38672,8179],{"class":1184},[52,38674,105],{"class":66},[52,38676,2382],{"class":108},[52,38678,510],{"class":66},[20,38680,311],{},[43,38682,38684],{"className":45,"code":38683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38685,38686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38687,38688,38690,38692,38694,38696,38698,38700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38689,3994],{"class":66},[52,38691,440],{"class":70},[52,38693,74],{"class":66},[52,38695,87],{"class":70},[52,38697,74],{"class":66},[52,38699,619],{"class":70},[52,38701,90],{"class":66},[20,38703,20865,38704,2514,38707,38709],{},[15,38705,38706],{},"is_even()",[15,38708,173],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[38,38711,1372,38713,8791,38715],{"id":38712},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38714,3878],{},[15,38716,37670],{},[20,38718,38719,38720,38722],{},"You can pass ",[15,38721,3878],{}," as the first argument:",[43,38724,38726],{"className":45,"code":38725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38727,38728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38729,38730,38732,38734,38736,38738,38740],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38731,37696],{"class":101},[52,38733,105],{"class":66},[52,38735,3878],{"class":674},[52,38737,74],{"class":66},[52,38739,37959],{"class":108},[52,38741,112],{"class":66},[20,38743,38744,38745,7422],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3842,38746,5685],{},[20,38748,38749],{},"Falsy values include:",[153,38751,38752,38756,38761,38765],{},[156,38753,38754],{},[15,38755,207],{},[156,38757,38758,38760],{},[15,38759,3873],{}," (empty string)",[156,38762,38763],{},[15,38764,3878],{},[156,38766,38767],{},[15,38768,655],{},[20,38770,2324],{},[43,38772,38774],{"className":45,"code":38773,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38775,38776,38820,38824,38842],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38777,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786,38788,38790,38792,38794,38796,38798,38800,38802,38804,38806,38808,38810,38812,38814,38816,38818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38779,7863],{"class":58},[52,38781,63],{"class":62},[52,38783,67],{"class":66},[52,38785,207],{"class":70},[52,38787,74],{"class":66},[52,38789,5586],{"class":70},[52,38791,74],{"class":66},[52,38793,6212],{"class":756},[52,38795,74],{"class":66},[52,38797,768],{"class":756},[52,38799,761],{"class":760},[52,38801,757],{"class":756},[52,38803,74],{"class":66},[52,38805,3951],{"class":674},[52,38807,74],{"class":66},[52,38809,684],{"class":674},[52,38811,74],{"class":66},[52,38813,679],{"class":674},[52,38815,74],{"class":66},[52,38817,4696],{"class":70},[52,38819,90],{"class":66},[52,38821,38822],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38823,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,38825,38826,38828,38830,38832,38834,38836,38838,38840],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38827,2347],{"class":58},[52,38829,63],{"class":62},[52,38831,37748],{"class":101},[52,38833,105],{"class":66},[52,38835,3878],{"class":674},[52,38837,74],{"class":66},[52,38839,6053],{"class":108},[52,38841,112],{"class":66},[52,38843,38844,38846,38848,38850,38852,38854],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,38845,118],{"class":101},[52,38847,105],{"class":66},[52,38849,8179],{"class":1184},[52,38851,105],{"class":66},[52,38853,2382],{"class":108},[52,38855,510],{"class":66},[20,38857,311],{},[43,38859,38861],{"className":45,"code":38860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38862,38863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38864,38865,38867,38869,38871,38873,38875,38877,38879,38881,38883,38885],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38866,3994],{"class":66},[52,38868,71],{"class":70},[52,38870,74],{"class":66},[52,38872,3401],{"class":756},[52,38874,761],{"class":760},[52,38876,3406],{"class":756},[52,38878,74],{"class":66},[52,38880,684],{"class":674},[52,38882,74],{"class":66},[52,38884,4696],{"class":70},[52,38886,90],{"class":66},[20,38888,38889],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[38,38891,5054,38893],{"id":38892},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38894,37670],{},[20,38896,133,38897,38899],{},[15,38898,37670],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38901,38902],{},"It works well for:",[153,38904,38905,38908,38911],{},[156,38906,38907],{},"simple filtering rules",[156,38909,38910],{},"quick data cleaning",[156,38912,38913],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38915,2324],{},[43,38917,38919],{"className":45,"code":38918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38920,38921,38953,38986,38990],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,38922,38923,38925,38927,38929,38931,38933,38935,38937,38939,38941,38943,38945,38947,38949,38951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,38924,59],{"class":58},[52,38926,63],{"class":62},[52,38928,67],{"class":66},[52,38930,71],{"class":70},[52,38932,74],{"class":66},[52,38934,77],{"class":70},[52,38936,74],{"class":66},[52,38938,82],{"class":70},[52,38940,74],{"class":66},[52,38942,87],{"class":70},[52,38944,74],{"class":66},[52,38946,4696],{"class":70},[52,38948,74],{"class":66},[52,38950,619],{"class":70},[52,38952,90],{"class":66},[52,38954,38955,38958,38960,38962,38964,38966,38968,38970,38972,38974,38976,38978,38980,38982,38984],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,38956,38957],{"class":58},"evens ",[52,38959,63],{"class":62},[52,38961,37748],{"class":101},[52,38963,105],{"class":66},[52,38965,37753],{"class":2184},[52,38967,37757],{"class":37756},[52,38969,1772],{"class":66},[52,38971,1199],{"class":108},[52,38973,6487],{"class":62},[52,38975,77],{"class":70},[52,38977,6492],{"class":62},[52,38979,3933],{"class":70},[52,38981,74],{"class":66},[52,38983,1686],{"class":108},[52,38985,112],{"class":66},[52,38987,38988],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,38989,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,38991,38992,38994,38996,38998,39000,39003],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,38993,118],{"class":101},[52,38995,105],{"class":66},[52,38997,8179],{"class":1184},[52,38999,105],{"class":66},[52,39001,39002],{"class":108},"evens",[52,39004,510],{"class":66},[20,39006,311],{},[43,39008,39009],{"className":45,"code":38683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39010,39011],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39012,39013,39015,39017,39019,39021,39023,39025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39014,3994],{"class":66},[52,39016,440],{"class":70},[52,39018,74],{"class":66},[52,39020,87],{"class":70},[52,39022,74],{"class":66},[52,39024,619],{"class":70},[52,39026,90],{"class":66},[20,39028,39029,39030,39032],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,39031,1678],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[43,39034,39036],{"className":45,"code":39035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39037,39038,39070,39078,39082,39094,39110,39125,39129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39039,39040,39042,39044,39046,39048,39050,39052,39054,39056,39058,39060,39062,39064,39066,39068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39041,59],{"class":58},[52,39043,63],{"class":62},[52,39045,67],{"class":66},[52,39047,71],{"class":70},[52,39049,74],{"class":66},[52,39051,77],{"class":70},[52,39053,74],{"class":66},[52,39055,82],{"class":70},[52,39057,74],{"class":66},[52,39059,87],{"class":70},[52,39061,74],{"class":66},[52,39063,4696],{"class":70},[52,39065,74],{"class":66},[52,39067,619],{"class":70},[52,39069,90],{"class":66},[52,39071,39072,39074,39076],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39073,38957],{"class":58},[52,39075,63],{"class":62},[52,39077,7923],{"class":66},[52,39079,39080],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39081,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,39083,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,39085,1678],{"class":1195},[52,39087,1681],{"class":58},[52,39089,1202],{"class":1195},[52,39091,1686],{"class":58},[52,39093,1689],{"class":66},[52,39095,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,39097,6482],{"class":1195},[52,39099,1681],{"class":58},[52,39101,6487],{"class":62},[52,39103,77],{"class":70},[52,39105,6492],{"class":62},[52,39107,3933],{"class":70},[52,39109,1689],{"class":66},[52,39111,39112,39115,39117,39119,39121,39123],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,39113,39114],{"class":58},"        evens",[52,39116,242],{"class":66},[52,39118,13643],{"class":108},[52,39120,105],{"class":66},[52,39122,2357],{"class":108},[52,39124,112],{"class":66},[52,39126,39127],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,39128,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,39130,39131,39133,39135,39137],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,39132,118],{"class":101},[52,39134,105],{"class":66},[52,39136,39002],{"class":108},[52,39138,112],{"class":66},[20,39140,311],{},[43,39142,39143],{"className":45,"code":38683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39144,39145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39146,39147,39149,39151,39153,39155,39157,39159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39148,3994],{"class":66},[52,39150,440],{"class":70},[52,39152,74],{"class":66},[52,39154,87],{"class":70},[52,39156,74],{"class":66},[52,39158,619],{"class":70},[52,39160,90],{"class":66},[20,39162,39163],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[43,39165,39167],{"className":45,"code":39166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,39168,39169,39201,39234,39238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39170,39171,39173,39175,39177,39179,39181,39183,39185,39187,39189,39191,39193,39195,39197,39199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39172,59],{"class":58},[52,39174,63],{"class":62},[52,39176,67],{"class":66},[52,39178,71],{"class":70},[52,39180,74],{"class":66},[52,39182,77],{"class":70},[52,39184,74],{"class":66},[52,39186,82],{"class":70},[52,39188,74],{"class":66},[52,39190,87],{"class":70},[52,39192,74],{"class":66},[52,39194,4696],{"class":70},[52,39196,74],{"class":66},[52,39198,619],{"class":70},[52,39200,90],{"class":66},[52,39202,39203,39205,39207,39209,39211,39213,39215,39217,39220,39222,39224,39226,39228,39230,39232],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39204,38957],{"class":58},[52,39206,63],{"class":62},[52,39208,67],{"class":66},[52,39210,2334],{"class":58},[52,39212,1678],{"class":1195},[52,39214,1681],{"class":58},[52,39216,1202],{"class":1195},[52,39218,39219],{"class":58}," numbers ",[52,39221,7079],{"class":1195},[52,39223,1681],{"class":58},[52,39225,6487],{"class":62},[52,39227,77],{"class":70},[52,39229,6492],{"class":62},[52,39231,3933],{"class":70},[52,39233,90],{"class":66},[52,39235,39236],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39237,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,39239,39240,39242,39244,39246],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,39241,118],{"class":101},[52,39243,105],{"class":66},[52,39245,39002],{"class":108},[52,39247,112],{"class":66},[20,39249,311],{},[43,39251,39252],{"className":45,"code":38683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39253,39254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39255,39256,39258,39260,39262,39264,39266,39268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39257,3994],{"class":66},[52,39259,440],{"class":70},[52,39261,74],{"class":66},[52,39263,87],{"class":70},[52,39265,74],{"class":66},[52,39267,619],{"class":70},[52,39269,90],{"class":66},[20,39271,39272,39273,242],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[236,39274,39276],{"href":39275},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[38,39278,1766],{"id":1765},[20,39280,14824,39281,242],{},[15,39282,37670],{},[461,39284,8538,39286,39288],{"id":39285},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,39287,37670],{}," to return a list",[20,39290,39291],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[43,39293,39295],{"className":45,"code":39294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,39296,39297,39339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39298,39299,39301,39303,39305,39307,39309,39311,39313,39315,39317,39319,39321,39323,39325,39327,39329,39331,39333,39335,39337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39300,2347],{"class":58},[52,39302,63],{"class":62},[52,39304,37748],{"class":101},[52,39306,105],{"class":66},[52,39308,37753],{"class":2184},[52,39310,37757],{"class":37756},[52,39312,1772],{"class":66},[52,39314,1199],{"class":108},[52,39316,4344],{"class":62},[52,39318,77],{"class":70},[52,39320,74],{"class":66},[52,39322,67],{"class":66},[52,39324,71],{"class":70},[52,39326,74],{"class":66},[52,39328,77],{"class":70},[52,39330,74],{"class":66},[52,39332,82],{"class":70},[52,39334,74],{"class":66},[52,39336,87],{"class":70},[52,39338,1858],{"class":66},[52,39340,39341,39343,39345,39347],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39342,118],{"class":101},[52,39344,105],{"class":66},[52,39346,2382],{"class":108},[52,39348,112],{"class":66},[20,39350,39351],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,39353,39354],{},"Fix:",[43,39356,39358],{"className":45,"code":39357,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,39359,39360,39402],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39361,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372,39374,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39363,2347],{"class":58},[52,39365,63],{"class":62},[52,39367,37748],{"class":101},[52,39369,105],{"class":66},[52,39371,37753],{"class":2184},[52,39373,37757],{"class":37756},[52,39375,1772],{"class":66},[52,39377,1199],{"class":108},[52,39379,4344],{"class":62},[52,39381,77],{"class":70},[52,39383,74],{"class":66},[52,39385,67],{"class":66},[52,39387,71],{"class":70},[52,39389,74],{"class":66},[52,39391,77],{"class":70},[52,39393,74],{"class":66},[52,39395,82],{"class":70},[52,39397,74],{"class":66},[52,39399,87],{"class":70},[52,39401,1858],{"class":66},[52,39403,39404,39406,39408,39410,39412,39414],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39405,118],{"class":101},[52,39407,105],{"class":66},[52,39409,8179],{"class":1184},[52,39411,105],{"class":66},[52,39413,2382],{"class":108},[52,39415,510],{"class":66},[461,39417,39419,39420,1943,39422,39424],{"id":39418},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,39421,173],{},[15,39423,655],{}," clearly",[20,39426,39427],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,39429,39430],{},"Good example:",[43,39432,39434],{"className":45,"code":39433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,39435,39436,39449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39437,39438,39440,39443,39445,39447],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39439,34949],{"class":2184},[52,39441,39442],{"class":34952}," is_positive",[52,39444,105],{"class":66},[52,39446,2357],{"class":37756},[52,39448,8428],{"class":66},[52,39450,39451,39453,39455,39457],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39452,34960],{"class":1195},[52,39454,1681],{"class":58},[52,39456,4344],{"class":62},[52,39458,1669],{"class":70},[20,39460,39461],{},"Then use it with:",[43,39463,39465],{"className":45,"code":39464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,39466,39467,39499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39468,39469,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39483,39485,39487,39489,39491,39493,39495,39497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39470,59],{"class":58},[52,39472,63],{"class":62},[52,39474,67],{"class":66},[52,39476,2142],{"class":62},[52,39478,440],{"class":70},[52,39480,74],{"class":66},[52,39482,2339],{"class":62},[52,39484,71],{"class":70},[52,39486,74],{"class":66},[52,39488,3933],{"class":70},[52,39490,74],{"class":66},[52,39492,5586],{"class":70},[52,39494,74],{"class":66},[52,39496,77],{"class":70},[52,39498,90],{"class":66},[52,39500,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39516,39518,39520],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39502,118],{"class":101},[52,39504,105],{"class":66},[52,39506,8179],{"class":1184},[52,39508,105],{"class":66},[52,39510,37696],{"class":101},[52,39512,105],{"class":66},[52,39514,39515],{"class":108},"is_positive",[52,39517,74],{"class":66},[52,39519,1686],{"class":108},[52,39521,622],{"class":66},[20,39523,311],{},[43,39525,39527],{"className":45,"code":39526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39528,39529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39530,39531,39533,39535,39537,39539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39532,3994],{"class":66},[52,39534,71],{"class":70},[52,39536,74],{"class":66},[52,39538,77],{"class":70},[52,39540,90],{"class":66},[461,39542,39544],{"id":39543},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39546,39547],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[43,39549,39550],{"className":45,"code":38290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39551,39552,39594,39598,39612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39553,39554,39556,39558,39560,39562,39564,39566,39568,39570,39572,39574,39576,39578,39580,39582,39584,39586,39588,39590,39592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39555,2347],{"class":58},[52,39557,63],{"class":62},[52,39559,37748],{"class":101},[52,39561,105],{"class":66},[52,39563,37753],{"class":2184},[52,39565,37757],{"class":37756},[52,39567,1772],{"class":66},[52,39569,1199],{"class":108},[52,39571,4344],{"class":62},[52,39573,77],{"class":70},[52,39575,74],{"class":66},[52,39577,67],{"class":66},[52,39579,71],{"class":70},[52,39581,74],{"class":66},[52,39583,77],{"class":70},[52,39585,74],{"class":66},[52,39587,82],{"class":70},[52,39589,74],{"class":66},[52,39591,87],{"class":70},[52,39593,1858],{"class":66},[52,39595,39596],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39597,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,39599,39600,39602,39604,39606,39608,39610],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39601,118],{"class":101},[52,39603,105],{"class":66},[52,39605,8179],{"class":1184},[52,39607,105],{"class":66},[52,39609,2382],{"class":108},[52,39611,510],{"class":66},[52,39613,39614,39616,39618,39620,39622,39624],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,39615,118],{"class":101},[52,39617,105],{"class":66},[52,39619,8179],{"class":1184},[52,39621,105],{"class":66},[52,39623,2382],{"class":108},[52,39625,510],{"class":66},[20,39627,311],{},[43,39629,39630],{"className":45,"code":38371,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,39631,39632,39644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39633,39634,39636,39638,39640,39642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39635,3994],{"class":66},[52,39637,445],{"class":70},[52,39639,74],{"class":66},[52,39641,87],{"class":70},[52,39643,90],{"class":66},[52,39645,39646],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39647,38390],{"class":66},[20,39649,39650],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[43,39652,39654],{"className":45,"code":39653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39655,39656,39702,39706,39716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39657,39658,39660,39662,39664,39666,39668,39670,39672,39674,39676,39678,39680,39682,39684,39686,39688,39690,39692,39694,39696,39698,39700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39659,2347],{"class":58},[52,39661,63],{"class":62},[52,39663,22655],{"class":1184},[52,39665,105],{"class":66},[52,39667,37696],{"class":101},[52,39669,105],{"class":66},[52,39671,37753],{"class":2184},[52,39673,37757],{"class":37756},[52,39675,1772],{"class":66},[52,39677,1199],{"class":108},[52,39679,4344],{"class":62},[52,39681,77],{"class":70},[52,39683,74],{"class":66},[52,39685,67],{"class":66},[52,39687,71],{"class":70},[52,39689,74],{"class":66},[52,39691,77],{"class":70},[52,39693,74],{"class":66},[52,39695,82],{"class":70},[52,39697,74],{"class":66},[52,39699,87],{"class":70},[52,39701,1063],{"class":66},[52,39703,39704],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39705,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,39707,39708,39710,39712,39714],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,39709,118],{"class":101},[52,39711,105],{"class":66},[52,39713,2382],{"class":108},[52,39715,112],{"class":66},[52,39717,39718,39720,39722,39724],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,39719,118],{"class":101},[52,39721,105],{"class":66},[52,39723,2382],{"class":108},[52,39725,112],{"class":66},[461,39727,39729],{"id":39728},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39731,39732],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39734,16736],{},[43,39736,39738],{"className":45,"code":39737,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39739,39740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39741,39742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39743,39737],{"class":129},[20,39745,39746,39747,6633],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39748,430],{},[20,39750,16748],{},[43,39752,39754],{"className":45,"code":39753,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39755,39756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39757,39758,39760,39762,39764,39766,39768,39770,39772,39774,39776,39778,39780,39782,39784,39786,39788,39790,39792,39794,39796,39798,39800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39759,118],{"class":101},[52,39761,105],{"class":66},[52,39763,8179],{"class":1184},[52,39765,105],{"class":66},[52,39767,37696],{"class":101},[52,39769,105],{"class":66},[52,39771,37753],{"class":2184},[52,39773,37757],{"class":37756},[52,39775,1772],{"class":66},[52,39777,1199],{"class":108},[52,39779,4344],{"class":62},[52,39781,77],{"class":70},[52,39783,74],{"class":66},[52,39785,67],{"class":66},[52,39787,71],{"class":70},[52,39789,74],{"class":66},[52,39791,77],{"class":70},[52,39793,74],{"class":66},[52,39795,82],{"class":70},[52,39797,74],{"class":66},[52,39799,87],{"class":70},[52,39801,37359],{"class":66},[461,39803,37298,39805,8791,39807],{"id":39804},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39806,37670],{},[15,39808,39809],{},"map()",[153,39811,39812,39817],{},[156,39813,39814,39816],{},[15,39815,37670],{}," keeps or removes items",[156,39818,39819,39821],{},[15,39820,39809],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39823,39824,39825,1772],{},"Example of ",[15,39826,37670],{},[43,39828,39830],{"className":45,"code":39829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39831,39832,39856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39833,39834,39836,39838,39840,39842,39844,39846,39848,39850,39852,39854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39835,59],{"class":58},[52,39837,63],{"class":62},[52,39839,67],{"class":66},[52,39841,71],{"class":70},[52,39843,74],{"class":66},[52,39845,77],{"class":70},[52,39847,74],{"class":66},[52,39849,82],{"class":70},[52,39851,74],{"class":66},[52,39853,87],{"class":70},[52,39855,90],{"class":66},[52,39857,39858,39860,39862,39864,39866,39868,39870,39872,39874,39876,39878,39880,39882,39884,39886],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39859,118],{"class":101},[52,39861,105],{"class":66},[52,39863,8179],{"class":1184},[52,39865,105],{"class":66},[52,39867,37696],{"class":101},[52,39869,105],{"class":66},[52,39871,37753],{"class":2184},[52,39873,37757],{"class":37756},[52,39875,1772],{"class":66},[52,39877,1199],{"class":108},[52,39879,4344],{"class":62},[52,39881,77],{"class":70},[52,39883,74],{"class":66},[52,39885,1686],{"class":108},[52,39887,622],{"class":66},[20,39889,311],{},[43,39891,39893],{"className":45,"code":39892,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39894,39895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39896,39897,39899,39901,39903,39905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39898,3994],{"class":66},[52,39900,445],{"class":70},[52,39902,74],{"class":66},[52,39904,87],{"class":70},[52,39906,90],{"class":66},[20,39908,39824,39909,1772],{},[15,39910,39809],{},[43,39912,39914],{"className":45,"code":39913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39915,39916,39940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39917,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926,39928,39930,39932,39934,39936,39938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39919,59],{"class":58},[52,39921,63],{"class":62},[52,39923,67],{"class":66},[52,39925,71],{"class":70},[52,39927,74],{"class":66},[52,39929,77],{"class":70},[52,39931,74],{"class":66},[52,39933,82],{"class":70},[52,39935,74],{"class":66},[52,39937,87],{"class":70},[52,39939,90],{"class":66},[52,39941,39942,39944,39946,39948,39950,39953,39955,39957,39959,39961,39963,39966,39968,39970,39972],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,39943,118],{"class":101},[52,39945,105],{"class":66},[52,39947,8179],{"class":1184},[52,39949,105],{"class":66},[52,39951,39952],{"class":101},"map",[52,39954,105],{"class":66},[52,39956,37753],{"class":2184},[52,39958,37757],{"class":37756},[52,39960,1772],{"class":66},[52,39962,1199],{"class":108},[52,39964,39965],{"class":62},"*",[52,39967,77],{"class":70},[52,39969,74],{"class":66},[52,39971,1686],{"class":108},[52,39973,622],{"class":66},[20,39975,311],{},[43,39977,39979],{"className":45,"code":39978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39980,39981],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,39982,39983,39985,39987,39989,39991,39993,39995,39997,39999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,39984,3994],{"class":66},[52,39986,440],{"class":70},[52,39988,74],{"class":66},[52,39990,87],{"class":70},[52,39992,74],{"class":66},[52,39994,619],{"class":70},[52,39996,74],{"class":66},[52,39998,6445],{"class":70},[52,40000,90],{"class":66},[20,40002,40003,40004,242],{},"For the related function, see ",[236,40005,13,40007,1999],{"href":40006},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,40008,39809],{},[38,40010,1919],{"id":1918},[461,40012,12792,40014,40016],{"id":40013},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,40015,37670],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,40018,40019,40020,40022],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,40021,24875],{}," if needed.",[461,40024,40026,40027,40029],{"id":40025},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,40028,37670],{}," need to return?",[20,40031,37976,40032,40034,40035,40037],{},[15,40033,173],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,40036,655],{}," to remove it.",[461,40039,28423,40041,40043],{"id":40040},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,40042,37670],{}," without lambda?",[20,40045,40046],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[461,40048,1923,40050,40053],{"id":40049},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,40051,40052],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,40055,40056,40057,40059,40060,17165,40062,242],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,40058,207],{},", empty strings, ",[15,40061,3878],{},[15,40063,655],{},[461,40065,21515,40067,40069],{"id":40066},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,40068,37670],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,40071,40072,40073,40075],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,40074,1678],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,40077,40078],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[153,40080,40081,40087,40093],{},[156,40082,40083,40084,40086],{},"use ",[15,40085,37670],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[156,40088,40089,40090,40092],{},"use a ",[15,40091,1678],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[156,40094,40095],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,40097,40098,40099,242],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[236,40100,5226],{"href":1757},[38,40102,1986],{"id":1985},[153,40104,40105,40110,40114,40119,40125],{},[156,40106,40107],{},[236,40108,40109],{"href":38547},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[156,40111,40112],{},[236,40113,2018],{"href":1757},[156,40115,40116],{},[236,40117,40118],{"href":39275},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[156,40120,40121],{},[236,40122,13,40123,1999],{"href":40006},[15,40124,39809],{},[156,40126,40127],{},[236,40128,5307],{"href":5675},[2029,40130,40131],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki 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code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":40133},[40134,40135,40137,40141,40144,40146,40148,40150,40152,40162,40174],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":37803,"depth":93,"text":40136},"What filter() does",{"id":37937,"depth":93,"text":37938,"children":40138},[40139,40140],{"id":37954,"depth":115,"text":37954},{"id":196,"depth":115,"text":196},{"id":38112,"depth":93,"text":38113,"children":40142},[40143],{"id":38283,"depth":115,"text":38284},{"id":38396,"depth":93,"text":40145},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38551,"depth":93,"text":40147},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38712,"depth":93,"text":40149},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38892,"depth":93,"text":40151},"When to use filter()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":40153},[40154,40156,40158,40159,40160],{"id":39285,"depth":115,"text":40155},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":39418,"depth":115,"text":40157},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39543,"depth":115,"text":39544},{"id":39728,"depth":115,"text":39729},{"id":39804,"depth":115,"text":40161},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":40163},[40164,40166,40168,40170,40172],{"id":40013,"depth":115,"text":40165},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":40025,"depth":115,"text":40167},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":40040,"depth":115,"text":40169},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":40049,"depth":115,"text":40171},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":40066,"depth":115,"text":40173},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37662,"description":40175},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":40182,"title":40183,"body":40184,"description":42329,"extension":2083,"meta":42330,"navigation":296,"path":42331,"seo":42332,"stem":42333,"__hash__":42334},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":40185,"toc":42283},[40186,40189,40194,40200,40202,40254,40256,40275,40280,40284,40289,40292,40307,40310,40332,40334,40383,40385,40409,40411,40413,40428,40433,40441,40456,40458,40467,40470,40505,40509,40514,40516,40523,40558,40560,40576,40580,40583,40624,40626,40640,40644,40647,40671,40673,40682,40686,40689,40722,40724,40737,40741,40747,40766,40768,40776,40780,40785,40789,40795,40818,40820,40849,40852,40871,40875,40878,40905,40907,40941,40945,40948,40972,40976,40987,40989,40994,41000,41002,41086,41088,41130,41133,41137,41144,41153,41209,41216,41225,41230,41234,41302,41304,41313,41317,41320,41364,41366,41375,41379,41385,41435,41439,41444,41448,41472,41474,41483,41487,41511,41513,41524,41528,41552,41554,41563,41566,41583,41589,41591,41597,41600,41605,41608,41629,41631,41663,41666,41671,41673,41684,41686,41730,41734,41741,41793,41795,41804,41808,41811,41904,41907,41931,41935,41938,42030,42035,42039,42046,42051,42075,42077,42086,42091,42114,42116,42124,42131,42154,42162,42164,42177,42187,42189,42193,42200,42204,42213,42217,42224,42228,42232,42236,42249,42251,42280],[10,40187,40183],{"id":40188},"python-float-function-explained",[20,40190,22,40191,40193],{},[15,40192,2995],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,40195,40196,40197,40199],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,40198,2995],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[38,40201,41],{"id":40},[43,40203,40205],{"className":45,"code":40204,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,40206,40207,40221,40240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40208,40209,40211,40213,40215,40217,40219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40210,118],{"class":101},[52,40212,105],{"class":66},[52,40214,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40216,105],{"class":66},[52,40218,265],{"class":70},[52,40220,510],{"class":66},[52,40222,40223,40225,40227,40229,40231,40233,40236,40238],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40224,118],{"class":101},[52,40226,105],{"class":66},[52,40228,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40230,105],{"class":66},[52,40232,757],{"class":756},[52,40234,40235],{"class":760},"3.14",[52,40237,757],{"class":756},[52,40239,510],{"class":66},[52,40241,40242,40244,40246,40248,40250,40252],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,40243,118],{"class":101},[52,40245,105],{"class":66},[52,40247,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40249,105],{"class":66},[52,40251,173],{"class":674},[52,40253,510],{"class":66},[20,40255,311],{},[43,40257,40259],{"className":45,"code":40258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,40260,40261,40265,40270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40262,40263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40264,2595],{"class":70},[52,40266,40267],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40268,40269],{"class":70},"3.14\n",[52,40271,40272],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,40273,40274],{"class":70},"1.0\n",[20,40276,133,40277,40279],{},[15,40278,2995],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[38,40281,40283],{"id":40282},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,40285,40286,40288],{},[15,40287,2995],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,40290,40291],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[153,40293,40294,40298,40302],{},[156,40295,40296],{},[15,40297,2606],{},[156,40299,40300],{},[15,40301,40235],{},[156,40303,40304],{},[15,40305,40306],{},"0.5",[20,40308,40309],{},"A few key points:",[153,40311,40312,40319,40322,40325],{},[156,40313,40314,40316,40317],{},[15,40315,2995],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,40318,2308],{},[156,40320,40321],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[156,40323,40324],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[156,40326,40327,40328],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[236,40329,40330],{"href":8305},[15,40331,3067],{},[20,40333,2324],{},[43,40335,40337],{"className":45,"code":40336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40338,40339,40359,40369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40340,40341,40343,40345,40348,40350,40352,40355,40357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40342,2334],{"class":58},[52,40344,63],{"class":62},[52,40346,40347],{"class":1184}," float",[52,40349,105],{"class":66},[52,40351,757],{"class":756},[52,40353,40354],{"class":760},"2.75",[52,40356,757],{"class":756},[52,40358,112],{"class":66},[52,40360,40361,40363,40365,40367],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40362,118],{"class":101},[52,40364,105],{"class":66},[52,40366,2357],{"class":108},[52,40368,112],{"class":66},[52,40370,40371,40373,40375,40377,40379,40381],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,40372,118],{"class":101},[52,40374,105],{"class":66},[52,40376,1827],{"class":1184},[52,40378,105],{"class":66},[52,40380,2357],{"class":108},[52,40382,510],{"class":66},[20,40384,311],{},[43,40386,40388],{"className":45,"code":40387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40389,40390,40395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40391,40392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40393,40394],{"class":70},"2.75\n",[52,40396,40397,40399,40401,40403,40405,40407],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40398,3395],{"class":62},[52,40400,3398],{"class":2184},[52,40402,3401],{"class":756},[52,40404,2308],{"class":760},[52,40406,3406],{"class":756},[52,40408,3409],{"class":62},[38,40410,181],{"id":180},[20,40412,7300],{},[43,40414,40416],{"className":45,"code":40415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"float(value)\n",[15,40417,40418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40419,40420,40422,40424,40426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40421,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40423,105],{"class":66},[52,40425,2588],{"class":108},[52,40427,112],{"class":66},[20,40429,40430,40431,242],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,40432,2995],{},[20,40434,40435,40436,40438,40439,1772],{},"If you call ",[15,40437,2995],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,40440,3868],{},[43,40442,40444],{"className":45,"code":40443,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float())\n",[15,40445,40446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40447,40448,40450,40452,40454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40449,118],{"class":101},[52,40451,105],{"class":66},[52,40453,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40455,7276],{"class":66},[20,40457,311],{},[43,40459,40461],{"className":45,"code":40460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0.0\n",[15,40462,40463],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40464,40465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40466,40460],{"class":70},[20,40468,40469],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[43,40471,40473],{"className":45,"code":40472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,40474,40475,40495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40476,40477,40480,40482,40484,40486,40488,40491,40493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40478,40479],{"class":58},"price ",[52,40481,63],{"class":62},[52,40483,40347],{"class":1184},[52,40485,105],{"class":66},[52,40487,757],{"class":756},[52,40489,40490],{"class":760},"19.99",[52,40492,757],{"class":756},[52,40494,112],{"class":66},[52,40496,40497,40499,40501,40503],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40498,118],{"class":101},[52,40500,105],{"class":66},[52,40502,25244],{"class":108},[52,40504,112],{"class":66},[38,40506,40508],{"id":40507},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40510,40511,40513],{},[15,40512,2995],{}," can convert several common value types.",[461,40515,464],{"id":463},[20,40517,40518,40519,40522],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40520,40521],{},".0"," added:",[43,40524,40526],{"className":45,"code":40525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40527,40528,40542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40529,40530,40532,40534,40536,40538,40540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40531,118],{"class":101},[52,40533,105],{"class":66},[52,40535,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40537,105],{"class":66},[52,40539,265],{"class":70},[52,40541,510],{"class":66},[52,40543,40544,40546,40548,40550,40552,40554,40556],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40545,118],{"class":101},[52,40547,105],{"class":66},[52,40549,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40551,105],{"class":66},[52,40553,2142],{"class":62},[52,40555,440],{"class":70},[52,40557,510],{"class":66},[20,40559,311],{},[43,40561,40563],{"className":45,"code":40562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40564,40565,40569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40566,40567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40568,2595],{"class":70},[52,40570,40571,40573],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40572,2142],{"class":62},[52,40574,40575],{"class":70},"2.0\n",[461,40577,40579],{"id":40578},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40581,40582],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[43,40584,40586],{"className":45,"code":40585,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40587,40588,40606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40589,40590,40592,40594,40596,40598,40600,40602,40604],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40591,118],{"class":101},[52,40593,105],{"class":66},[52,40595,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40597,105],{"class":66},[52,40599,757],{"class":756},[52,40601,40235],{"class":760},[52,40603,757],{"class":756},[52,40605,510],{"class":66},[52,40607,40608,40610,40612,40614,40616,40618,40620,40622],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40609,118],{"class":101},[52,40611,105],{"class":66},[52,40613,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40615,105],{"class":66},[52,40617,757],{"class":756},[52,40619,430],{"class":760},[52,40621,757],{"class":756},[52,40623,510],{"class":66},[20,40625,311],{},[43,40627,40629],{"className":45,"code":40628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40630,40631,40635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40632,40633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40634,40269],{"class":70},[52,40636,40637],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40638,40639],{"class":70},"10.0\n",[461,40641,40643],{"id":40642},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40645,40646],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[43,40648,40650],{"className":45,"code":40649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40651,40652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40653,40654,40656,40658,40660,40662,40664,40667,40669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40655,118],{"class":101},[52,40657,105],{"class":66},[52,40659,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40661,105],{"class":66},[52,40663,757],{"class":756},[52,40665,40666],{"class":760},"  8.5  ",[52,40668,757],{"class":756},[52,40670,510],{"class":66},[20,40672,311],{},[43,40674,40676],{"className":45,"code":40675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8.5\n",[15,40677,40678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40679,40680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40681,40675],{"class":70},[461,40683,40685],{"id":40684},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40687,40688],{},"Boolean values also work:",[43,40690,40692],{"className":45,"code":40691,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40693,40694,40708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40695,40696,40698,40700,40702,40704,40706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40697,118],{"class":101},[52,40699,105],{"class":66},[52,40701,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40703,105],{"class":66},[52,40705,173],{"class":674},[52,40707,510],{"class":66},[52,40709,40710,40712,40714,40716,40718,40720],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40711,118],{"class":101},[52,40713,105],{"class":66},[52,40715,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40717,105],{"class":66},[52,40719,655],{"class":674},[52,40721,510],{"class":66},[20,40723,311],{},[43,40725,40727],{"className":45,"code":40726,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40728,40729,40733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40730,40731],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40732,40274],{"class":70},[52,40734,40735],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,40736,40460],{"class":70},[461,40738,40740],{"id":40739},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40742,40743,40744,40746],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40745,2995],{}," returns a float version of it:",[43,40748,40750],{"className":45,"code":40749,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40751,40752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40753,40754,40756,40758,40760,40762,40764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40755,118],{"class":101},[52,40757,105],{"class":66},[52,40759,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40761,105],{"class":66},[52,40763,2480],{"class":70},[52,40765,510],{"class":66},[20,40767,311],{},[43,40769,40770],{"className":45,"code":2503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,40771,40772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40773,40774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40775,2503],{"class":70},[38,40777,40779],{"id":40778},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40781,40782,40783,242],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40784,2995],{},[461,40786,40788],{"id":40787},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40790,40791,40792,1772],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40793,40794],{},"ValueError",[43,40796,40798],{"className":45,"code":40797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40799,40800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40801,40802,40804,40806,40808,40810,40812,40814,40816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40803,118],{"class":101},[52,40805,105],{"class":66},[52,40807,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40809,105],{"class":66},[52,40811,757],{"class":756},[52,40813,761],{"class":760},[52,40815,757],{"class":756},[52,40817,510],{"class":66},[20,40819,29776],{},[43,40821,40823],{"className":45,"code":40822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40824,40825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40826,40827,40829,40831,40834,40836,40839,40841,40843,40845,40847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40828,40794],{"class":1184},[52,40830,1772],{"class":66},[52,40832,40833],{"class":58}," could ",[52,40835,4722],{"class":62},[52,40837,40838],{"class":58}," convert string to ",[52,40840,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40842,1772],{"class":66},[52,40844,3401],{"class":756},[52,40846,761],{"class":760},[52,40848,29795],{"class":756},[20,40850,40851],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[43,40853,40855],{"className":45,"code":40854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40856,40857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40858,40859,40861,40863,40865,40867,40869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40860,118],{"class":101},[52,40862,105],{"class":66},[52,40864,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40866,105],{"class":66},[52,40868,831],{"class":756},[52,40870,510],{"class":66},[461,40872,40874],{"id":40873},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40876,40877],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[43,40879,40881],{"className":45,"code":40880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40882,40883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40884,40885,40887,40889,40891,40893,40895,40897,40899,40901,40903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40886,118],{"class":101},[52,40888,105],{"class":66},[52,40890,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40892,1058],{"class":66},[52,40894,71],{"class":70},[52,40896,74],{"class":66},[52,40898,77],{"class":70},[52,40900,74],{"class":66},[52,40902,82],{"class":70},[52,40904,1063],{"class":66},[20,40906,29776],{},[43,40908,40910],{"className":45,"code":40909,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40911,40912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40913,40914,40916,40918,40920,40922,40925,40928,40931,40933,40935,40937,40939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40915,1979],{"class":1184},[52,40917,1772],{"class":66},[52,40919,40347],{"class":1184},[52,40921,7448],{"class":66},[52,40923,40924],{"class":58}," argument must be a string ",[52,40926,40927],{"class":62},"or",[52,40929,40930],{"class":58}," a real number",[52,40932,74],{"class":66},[52,40934,8185],{"class":62},[52,40936,3401],{"class":756},[52,40938,8179],{"class":760},[52,40940,29795],{"class":756},[461,40942,40944],{"id":40943},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40946,40947],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[43,40949,40951],{"className":45,"code":40950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40952,40953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,40954,40955,40957,40959,40961,40963,40965,40968,40970],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,40956,118],{"class":101},[52,40958,105],{"class":66},[52,40960,2308],{"class":1184},[52,40962,105],{"class":66},[52,40964,757],{"class":756},[52,40966,40967],{"class":760},"3,14",[52,40969,757],{"class":756},[52,40971,510],{"class":66},[20,40973,3107,40974,242],{},[15,40975,40794],{},[20,40977,40978,40979,652,40983,242],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[236,40980,40982],{"href":40981},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[236,40984,40986],{"href":40985},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[38,40988,17512],{"id":17511},[20,40990,40991,40993],{},[15,40992,2995],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40995,40996,40997,40999],{},"It does ",[3842,40998,4722],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,41001,2324],{},[43,41003,41005],{"className":45,"code":41004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,41006,41007,41020,41034,41038,41048,41058,41072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41008,41009,41011,41013,41015,41018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41010,34785],{"class":58},[52,41012,63],{"class":62},[52,41014,768],{"class":756},[52,41016,41017],{"class":760},"6.5",[52,41019,3465],{"class":756},[52,41021,41022,41024,41026,41028,41030,41032],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41023,2334],{"class":58},[52,41025,63],{"class":62},[52,41027,40347],{"class":1184},[52,41029,105],{"class":66},[52,41031,34806],{"class":108},[52,41033,112],{"class":66},[52,41035,41036],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41037,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41039,41040,41042,41044,41046],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41041,118],{"class":101},[52,41043,105],{"class":66},[52,41045,34806],{"class":108},[52,41047,112],{"class":66},[52,41049,41050,41052,41054,41056],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,41051,118],{"class":101},[52,41053,105],{"class":66},[52,41055,2357],{"class":108},[52,41057,112],{"class":66},[52,41059,41060,41062,41064,41066,41068,41070],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,41061,118],{"class":101},[52,41063,105],{"class":66},[52,41065,1827],{"class":1184},[52,41067,105],{"class":66},[52,41069,34806],{"class":108},[52,41071,510],{"class":66},[52,41073,41074,41076,41078,41080,41082,41084],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,41075,118],{"class":101},[52,41077,105],{"class":66},[52,41079,1827],{"class":1184},[52,41081,105],{"class":66},[52,41083,2357],{"class":108},[52,41085,510],{"class":66},[20,41087,311],{},[43,41089,41091],{"className":45,"code":41090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,41092,41093,41098,41102,41116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41094,41095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41096,41097],{"class":70},"6.5\n",[52,41099,41100],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41101,41097],{"class":70},[52,41103,41104,41106,41108,41110,41112,41114],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41105,3395],{"class":62},[52,41107,3398],{"class":2184},[52,41109,3401],{"class":756},[52,41111,3550],{"class":760},[52,41113,3406],{"class":756},[52,41115,3409],{"class":62},[52,41117,41118,41120,41122,41124,41126,41128],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41119,3395],{"class":62},[52,41121,3398],{"class":2184},[52,41123,3401],{"class":756},[52,41125,2308],{"class":760},[52,41127,3406],{"class":756},[52,41129,3409],{"class":62},[20,41131,41132],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[38,41134,41136],{"id":41135},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[461,41138,41140,41141,41143],{"id":41139},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,41142,3067],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,41145,2100,41146,41150,41151,242],{},[236,41147,41148,2421],{"href":8305},[15,41149,3067],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,41152,2995],{},[43,41154,41156],{"className":45,"code":41155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,41157,41158,41177,41191,41195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41159,41160,41162,41164,41166,41168,41170,41173,41175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41161,8323],{"class":58},[52,41163,63],{"class":62},[52,41165,8328],{"class":101},[52,41167,105],{"class":66},[52,41169,757],{"class":756},[52,41171,41172],{"class":760},"Enter a price: ",[52,41174,757],{"class":756},[52,41176,112],{"class":66},[52,41178,41179,41181,41183,41185,41187,41189],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41180,40479],{"class":58},[52,41182,63],{"class":62},[52,41184,40347],{"class":1184},[52,41186,105],{"class":66},[52,41188,8352],{"class":108},[52,41190,112],{"class":66},[52,41192,41193],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41194,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41196,41197,41199,41201,41203,41205,41207],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41198,118],{"class":101},[52,41200,105],{"class":66},[52,41202,40479],{"class":108},[52,41204,39965],{"class":62},[52,41206,77],{"class":70},[52,41208,112],{"class":66},[20,41210,41211,41212,41215],{},"If the user enters ",[15,41213,41214],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[43,41217,41219],{"className":45,"code":41218,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"9.0\n",[15,41220,41221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41222,41223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41224,41218],{"class":70},[20,41226,41227,41228,242],{},"For more help with this, see ",[236,41229,9067],{"href":9066},[461,41231,41233],{"id":41232},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[43,41235,41237],{"className":45,"code":41236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,41238,41239,41251,41264,41268,41292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41240,41241,41243,41245,41247,41249],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41242,2668],{"class":58},[52,41244,63],{"class":62},[52,41246,768],{"class":756},[52,41248,542],{"class":760},[52,41250,3465],{"class":756},[52,41252,41253,41255,41257,41259,41262],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41254,2696],{"class":58},[52,41256,63],{"class":62},[52,41258,768],{"class":756},[52,41260,41261],{"class":760},"1.5",[52,41263,3465],{"class":756},[52,41265,41266],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41267,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41269,41270,41272,41274,41276,41278,41280,41282,41284,41286,41288,41290],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41271,96],{"class":58},[52,41273,63],{"class":62},[52,41275,40347],{"class":1184},[52,41277,105],{"class":66},[52,41279,236],{"class":108},[52,41281,126],{"class":66},[52,41283,2570],{"class":62},[52,41285,40347],{"class":1184},[52,41287,105],{"class":66},[52,41289,4853],{"class":108},[52,41291,112],{"class":66},[52,41293,41294,41296,41298,41300],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,41295,118],{"class":101},[52,41297,105],{"class":66},[52,41299,123],{"class":108},[52,41301,112],{"class":66},[20,41303,311],{},[43,41305,41307],{"className":45,"code":41306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4.0\n",[15,41308,41309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41310,41311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41312,41306],{"class":70},[461,41314,41316],{"id":41315},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,41318,41319],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[43,41321,41323],{"className":45,"code":41322,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,41324,41325,41335,41350,41354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41326,41327,41330,41332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41328,41329],{"class":58},"count ",[52,41331,63],{"class":62},[52,41333,41334],{"class":70}," 7\n",[52,41336,41337,41339,41341,41343,41345,41348],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41338,2347],{"class":58},[52,41340,63],{"class":62},[52,41342,40347],{"class":1184},[52,41344,105],{"class":66},[52,41346,41347],{"class":108},"count",[52,41349,112],{"class":66},[52,41351,41352],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41353,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41355,41356,41358,41360,41362],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41357,118],{"class":101},[52,41359,105],{"class":66},[52,41361,2382],{"class":108},[52,41363,112],{"class":66},[20,41365,311],{},[43,41367,41369],{"className":45,"code":41368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.0\n",[15,41370,41371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41372,41373],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41374,41368],{"class":70},[461,41376,41378],{"id":41377},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,41380,41381,41382,41384],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,41383,2995],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[43,41386,41388],{"className":45,"code":41387,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,41389,41390,41404,41420,41424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41391,41392,41395,41397,41399,41402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41393,41394],{"class":58},"temperature_text ",[52,41396,63],{"class":62},[52,41398,768],{"class":756},[52,41400,41401],{"class":760},"21.8",[52,41403,3465],{"class":756},[52,41405,41406,41409,41411,41413,41415,41418],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41407,41408],{"class":58},"temperature ",[52,41410,63],{"class":62},[52,41412,40347],{"class":1184},[52,41414,105],{"class":66},[52,41416,41417],{"class":108},"temperature_text",[52,41419,112],{"class":66},[52,41421,41422],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41423,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41425,41426,41428,41430,41433],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41427,118],{"class":101},[52,41429,105],{"class":66},[52,41431,41432],{"class":108},"temperature",[52,41434,112],{"class":66},[38,41436,41438],{"id":41437},"special-values","Special values",[20,41440,41441,41443],{},[15,41442,2995],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[461,41445,41447],{"id":41446},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[43,41449,41451],{"className":45,"code":41450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,41452,41453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41454,41455,41457,41459,41461,41463,41465,41468,41470],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41456,118],{"class":101},[52,41458,105],{"class":66},[52,41460,2308],{"class":1184},[52,41462,105],{"class":66},[52,41464,757],{"class":756},[52,41466,41467],{"class":760},"inf",[52,41469,757],{"class":756},[52,41471,510],{"class":66},[20,41473,311],{},[43,41475,41477],{"className":45,"code":41476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"inf\n",[15,41478,41479],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41480,41481],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41482,41476],{"class":58},[461,41484,41486],{"id":41485},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[43,41488,41490],{"className":45,"code":41489,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41491,41492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41493,41494,41496,41498,41500,41502,41504,41507,41509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41495,118],{"class":101},[52,41497,105],{"class":66},[52,41499,2308],{"class":1184},[52,41501,105],{"class":66},[52,41503,757],{"class":756},[52,41505,41506],{"class":760},"-inf",[52,41508,757],{"class":756},[52,41510,510],{"class":66},[20,41512,311],{},[43,41514,41516],{"className":45,"code":41515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"-inf\n",[15,41517,41518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41519,41520,41522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41521,2142],{"class":62},[52,41523,41476],{"class":58},[461,41525,41527],{"id":41526},"not-a-number","Not a number",[43,41529,41531],{"className":45,"code":41530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41532,41533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41534,41535,41537,41539,41541,41543,41545,41548,41550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41536,118],{"class":101},[52,41538,105],{"class":66},[52,41540,2308],{"class":1184},[52,41542,105],{"class":66},[52,41544,757],{"class":756},[52,41546,41547],{"class":760},"nan",[52,41549,757],{"class":756},[52,41551,510],{"class":66},[20,41553,311],{},[43,41555,41557],{"className":45,"code":41556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nan\n",[15,41558,41559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41560,41561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41562,41556],{"class":58},[20,41564,41565],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[153,41567,41568,41573,41578],{},[156,41569,41570,41572],{},[15,41571,41467],{}," means positive infinity",[156,41574,41575,41577],{},[15,41576,41506],{}," means negative infinity",[156,41579,41580,41582],{},[15,41581,41547],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41584,41585,41586,41588],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41587,2995],{}," accepts them.",[38,41590,993],{"id":992},[20,41592,41593,41594,41596],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41595,2995],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[461,41598,40794],{"id":41599},"valueerror",[20,41601,15280,41602,41604],{},[15,41603,40794],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41606,41607],{},"Common causes:",[153,41609,41610,41616,41619,41622],{},[156,41611,41612,41613],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41614,41615],{},"\"abc\"",[156,41617,41618],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[156,41620,41621],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[156,41623,4796,41624],{},[236,41625,41626,41628],{"href":8305},[15,41627,3067],{}," returns a string",[20,41630,2324],{},[43,41632,41634],{"className":45,"code":41633,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41635,41636,41649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41637,41638,41640,41642,41644,41647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41639,2563],{"class":58},[52,41641,63],{"class":62},[52,41643,768],{"class":756},[52,41645,41646],{"class":760},"abc",[52,41648,3465],{"class":756},[52,41650,41651,41653,41655,41657,41659,41661],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41652,118],{"class":101},[52,41654,105],{"class":66},[52,41656,2308],{"class":1184},[52,41658,105],{"class":66},[52,41660,2588],{"class":108},[52,41662,510],{"class":66},[461,41664,1979],{"id":41665},"typeerror",[20,41667,15280,41668,41670],{},[15,41669,1979],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41672,41607],{},[153,41674,41675,41678,41681],{},[156,41676,41677],{},"Passing a list",[156,41679,41680],{},"Passing a dictionary",[156,41682,41683],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41685,2324],{},[43,41687,41689],{"className":45,"code":41688,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41690,41691,41716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41692,41693,41695,41697,41699,41701,41703,41705,41707,41709,41712,41714],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41694,2563],{"class":58},[52,41696,63],{"class":62},[52,41698,10577],{"class":66},[52,41700,757],{"class":756},[52,41702,25244],{"class":760},[52,41704,757],{"class":756},[52,41706,1772],{"class":66},[52,41708,768],{"class":756},[52,41710,41711],{"class":760},"9.99",[52,41713,757],{"class":756},[52,41715,9394],{"class":66},[52,41717,41718,41720,41722,41724,41726,41728],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41719,118],{"class":101},[52,41721,105],{"class":66},[52,41723,2308],{"class":1184},[52,41725,105],{"class":66},[52,41727,2588],{"class":108},[52,41729,510],{"class":66},[461,41731,41733],{"id":41732},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41735,41736,41737,41740],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41738,41739],{},"strip()"," can help:",[43,41742,41744],{"className":45,"code":41743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41745,41746,41759,41774,41778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41747,41748,41750,41752,41754,41757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41749,2563],{"class":58},[52,41751,63],{"class":62},[52,41753,768],{"class":756},[52,41755,41756],{"class":760},"  7.25  ",[52,41758,3465],{"class":756},[52,41760,41761,41764,41766,41768,41770,41772],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41762,41763],{"class":58},"clean_value ",[52,41765,63],{"class":62},[52,41767,348],{"class":58},[52,41769,242],{"class":66},[52,41771,8720],{"class":108},[52,41773,8729],{"class":66},[52,41775,41776],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41777,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41779,41780,41782,41784,41786,41788,41791],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41781,118],{"class":101},[52,41783,105],{"class":66},[52,41785,2308],{"class":1184},[52,41787,105],{"class":66},[52,41789,41790],{"class":108},"clean_value",[52,41792,510],{"class":66},[20,41794,311],{},[43,41796,41798],{"className":45,"code":41797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"7.25\n",[15,41799,41800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41801,41802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41803,41797],{"class":70},[461,41805,41807],{"id":41806},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41809,41810],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[43,41812,41814],{"className":45,"code":41813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41815,41816,41829,41833,41843,41857,41872,41876,41890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41817,41818,41820,41822,41824,41827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41819,2563],{"class":58},[52,41821,63],{"class":62},[52,41823,768],{"class":756},[52,41825,41826],{"class":760}," 3.5 ",[52,41828,3465],{"class":756},[52,41830,41831],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41832,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41834,41835,41837,41839,41841],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41836,118],{"class":101},[52,41838,105],{"class":66},[52,41840,2588],{"class":108},[52,41842,112],{"class":66},[52,41844,41845,41847,41849,41851,41853,41855],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41846,118],{"class":101},[52,41848,105],{"class":66},[52,41850,1827],{"class":1184},[52,41852,105],{"class":66},[52,41854,2588],{"class":108},[52,41856,510],{"class":66},[52,41858,41859,41861,41863,41866,41868,41870],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,41860,118],{"class":101},[52,41862,105],{"class":66},[52,41864,41865],{"class":101},"repr",[52,41867,105],{"class":66},[52,41869,2588],{"class":108},[52,41871,510],{"class":66},[52,41873,41874],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,41875,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41877,41878,41880,41882,41884,41886,41888],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,41879,41763],{"class":58},[52,41881,63],{"class":62},[52,41883,348],{"class":58},[52,41885,242],{"class":66},[52,41887,8720],{"class":108},[52,41889,8729],{"class":66},[52,41891,41892,41894,41896,41898,41900,41902],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,41893,118],{"class":101},[52,41895,105],{"class":66},[52,41897,2308],{"class":1184},[52,41899,105],{"class":66},[52,41901,41790],{"class":108},[52,41903,510],{"class":66},[20,41905,41906],{},"Why this helps:",[153,41908,41909,41915,41920,41926],{},[156,41910,41911,41914],{},[15,41912,41913],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[156,41916,41917,21462],{},[15,41918,41919],{},"print(type(value))",[156,41921,41922,41925],{},[15,41923,41924],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[156,41927,41928,41930],{},[15,41929,41739],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[461,41932,41934],{"id":41933},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41936,41937],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[43,41939,41941],{"className":45,"code":41940,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41942,41943,41962,41966,41972,41987,42006,42015],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,41944,41945,41947,41949,41951,41953,41955,41958,41960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,41946,2563],{"class":58},[52,41948,63],{"class":62},[52,41950,8328],{"class":101},[52,41952,105],{"class":66},[52,41954,757],{"class":756},[52,41956,41957],{"class":760},"Enter a number: ",[52,41959,757],{"class":756},[52,41961,112],{"class":66},[52,41963,41964],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,41965,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,41967,41968,41970],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,41969,29899],{"class":1195},[52,41971,1689],{"class":66},[52,41973,41974,41977,41979,41981,41983,41985],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,41975,41976],{"class":58},"    number ",[52,41978,63],{"class":62},[52,41980,40347],{"class":1184},[52,41982,105],{"class":66},[52,41984,2588],{"class":108},[52,41986,112],{"class":66},[52,41988,41989,41991,41993,41995,41998,42000,42002,42004],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,41990,8154],{"class":101},[52,41992,105],{"class":66},[52,41994,757],{"class":756},[52,41996,41997],{"class":760},"Converted:",[52,41999,757],{"class":756},[52,42001,74],{"class":66},[52,42003,2313],{"class":108},[52,42005,112],{"class":66},[52,42007,42008,42010,42013],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,42009,29930],{"class":1195},[52,42011,42012],{"class":1184}," ValueError",[52,42014,1689],{"class":66},[52,42016,42017,42019,42021,42023,42026,42028],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,42018,8154],{"class":101},[52,42020,105],{"class":66},[52,42022,757],{"class":756},[52,42024,42025],{"class":760},"That is not a valid number.",[52,42027,757],{"class":756},[52,42029,112],{"class":66},[20,42031,42032,42033,242],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[236,42034,40986],{"href":40985},[38,42036,42038],{"id":42037},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,42040,10677,42041,652,42043,42045],{},[15,42042,2995],{},[15,42044,2989],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,42047,42048,42050],{},[15,42049,2995],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[43,42052,42054],{"className":45,"code":42053,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42055,42056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42057,42058,42060,42062,42064,42066,42068,42071,42073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42059,118],{"class":101},[52,42061,105],{"class":66},[52,42063,2308],{"class":1184},[52,42065,105],{"class":66},[52,42067,757],{"class":756},[52,42069,42070],{"class":760},"3.9",[52,42072,757],{"class":756},[52,42074,510],{"class":66},[20,42076,311],{},[43,42078,42080],{"className":45,"code":42079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.9\n",[15,42081,42082],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42083,42084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42085,42079],{"class":70},[20,42087,42088,42090],{},[15,42089,2989],{}," creates whole numbers:",[43,42092,42094],{"className":45,"code":42093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,42095,42096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42097,42098,42100,42102,42104,42106,42108,42110,42112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42099,118],{"class":101},[52,42101,105],{"class":66},[52,42103,1185],{"class":1184},[52,42105,105],{"class":66},[52,42107,757],{"class":756},[52,42109,430],{"class":760},[52,42111,757],{"class":756},[52,42113,510],{"class":66},[20,42115,311],{},[43,42117,42118],{"className":45,"code":515,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42119,42120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42121,42122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42123,515],{"class":70},[20,42125,42126,42127,42130],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,42128,42129],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[43,42132,42134],{"className":45,"code":42133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,42135,42136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42137,42138,42140,42142,42144,42146,42148,42150,42152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42139,118],{"class":101},[52,42141,105],{"class":66},[52,42143,1185],{"class":1184},[52,42145,105],{"class":66},[52,42147,757],{"class":756},[52,42149,42070],{"class":760},[52,42151,757],{"class":756},[52,42153,510],{"class":66},[20,42155,3107,42156,8687,42158,42161],{},[15,42157,40794],{},[15,42159,42160],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,42163,10800],{},[153,42165,42166,42172],{},[156,42167,42168,42171],{},[15,42169,42170],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[156,42173,42174,42176],{},[15,42175,42129],{}," fails",[20,42178,42179,42180,42183,42184,42186],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[236,42181,42182],{"href":2986},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[236,42185,2536],{"href":586}," helpful.",[38,42188,1919],{"id":1918},[461,42190,42192],{"id":42191},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,42194,42195,42196,1943,42198,242],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,42197,2606],{},[15,42199,40235],{},[461,42201,42203],{"id":42202},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,42205,42206,42207,1943,42210,242],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,42208,42209],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,42211,42212],{},"\"10\"",[461,42214,42216],{"id":42215},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,42218,29156,42219,42221,42222,242],{},[15,42220,41615],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,42223,40794],{},[461,42225,42227],{"id":42226},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,42229,5240,42230,242],{},[15,42231,3868],{},[461,42233,42235],{"id":42234},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,42237,42238,42239,42241,42242,652,42245,42241,42247,242],{},"Yes. ",[15,42240,173],{}," becomes ",[15,42243,42244],{},"1.0",[15,42246,655],{},[15,42248,3868],{},[38,42250,1986],{"id":1985},[153,42252,42253,42257,42262,42267,42271,42275],{},[156,42254,42255],{},[236,42256,42182],{"href":2986},[156,42258,42259],{},[236,42260,42261],{"href":859},"Python str() Function Explained",[156,42263,42264],{},[236,42265,42266],{"href":40981},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[156,42268,42269],{},[236,42270,9144],{"href":9066},[156,42272,42273],{},[236,42274,40986],{"href":40985},[156,42276,42277],{},[236,42278,42279],{"href":8305},"Python input() Function Explained",[2029,42281,42282],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: 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.smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":42284},[42285,42286,42287,42288,42295,42300,42301,42308,42313,42320,42321,42328],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":40282,"depth":93,"text":40283},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":40507,"depth":93,"text":40508,"children":42289},[42290,42291,42292,42293,42294],{"id":463,"depth":115,"text":464},{"id":40578,"depth":115,"text":40579},{"id":40642,"depth":115,"text":40643},{"id":40684,"depth":115,"text":40685},{"id":40739,"depth":115,"text":40740},{"id":40778,"depth":93,"text":40779,"children":42296},[42297,42298,42299],{"id":40787,"depth":115,"text":40788},{"id":40873,"depth":115,"text":40874},{"id":40943,"depth":115,"text":40944},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":41135,"depth":93,"text":41136,"children":42302},[42303,42305,42306,42307],{"id":41139,"depth":115,"text":42304},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":41232,"depth":115,"text":41233},{"id":41315,"depth":115,"text":41316},{"id":41377,"depth":115,"text":41378},{"id":41437,"depth":93,"text":41438,"children":42309},[42310,42311,42312],{"id":41446,"depth":115,"text":41447},{"id":41485,"depth":115,"text":41486},{"id":41526,"depth":115,"text":41527},{"id":992,"depth":93,"text":993,"children":42314},[42315,42316,42317,42318,42319],{"id":41599,"depth":115,"text":40794},{"id":41665,"depth":115,"text":1979},{"id":41732,"depth":115,"text":41733},{"id":41806,"depth":115,"text":41807},{"id":41933,"depth":115,"text":41934},{"id":42037,"depth":93,"text":42038},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":42322},[42323,42324,42325,42326,42327],{"id":42191,"depth":115,"text":42192},{"id":42202,"depth":115,"text":42203},{"id":42215,"depth":115,"text":42216},{"id":42226,"depth":115,"text":42227},{"id":42234,"depth":115,"text":42235},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":40183,"description":42329},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":42336,"title":42337,"body":42338,"description":43557,"extension":2083,"meta":43558,"navigation":296,"path":35122,"seo":43559,"stem":43560,"__hash__":43561},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":42339,"toc":43523},[42340,42343,42348,42351,42353,42392,42406,42410,42415,42418,42435,42438,42446,42461,42464,42466,42469,42485,42488,42491,42511,42515,42526,42529,42533,42537,42551,42586,42590,42601,42636,42639,42641,42649,42682,42698,42700,42710,42731,42742,42744,42749,42752,42766,42768,42787,42790,42803,42806,42810,42814,42828,42831,42849,42852,42867,42871,42876,42890,42896,42898,42955,42957,42990,42993,43009,43013,43020,43024,43029,43032,43043,43047,43052,43067,43076,43081,43100,43103,43115,43117,43122,43132,43135,43164,43169,43178,43182,43187,43190,43194,43199,43201,43231,43234,43241,43246,43251,43255,43258,43266,43269,43347,43350,43372,43374,43378,43381,43385,43391,43454,43458,43466,43470,43473,43475,43500,43520],[10,42341,42337],{"id":42342},"python-help-function-explained",[20,42344,3686,42345,42347],{},[15,42346,35125],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,42349,42350],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[38,42352,41],{"id":40},[43,42354,42356],{"className":45,"code":42355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,42357,42358,42368,42378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42359,42360,42362,42364,42366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42361,32248],{"class":101},[52,42363,105],{"class":66},[52,42365,11250],{"class":101},[52,42367,112],{"class":66},[52,42369,42370,42372,42374,42376],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,42371,32248],{"class":101},[52,42373,105],{"class":66},[52,42375,3550],{"class":1184},[52,42377,112],{"class":66},[52,42379,42380,42382,42384,42386,42388,42390],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,42381,32248],{"class":101},[52,42383,105],{"class":66},[52,42385,3406],{"class":756},[52,42387,34756],{"class":760},[52,42389,3406],{"class":756},[52,42391,112],{"class":66},[20,42393,133,42394,42396,42397,1943,42399,42401,42402,42405],{},[15,42395,35125],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,42398,11250],{},[15,42400,3550],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,42403,42404],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[38,42407,42409],{"id":42408},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,42411,42412,42414],{},[15,42413,35125],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,42416,42417],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[153,42419,42420,42423,42426,42429,42432],{},[156,42421,42422],{},"Functions",[156,42424,42425],{},"Classes",[156,42427,42428],{},"Methods",[156,42430,42431],{},"Modules",[156,42433,42434],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,42436,42437],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,42439,42440,42441,42445],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[236,42442,42443],{"href":2004},[15,42444,2007],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[43,42447,42449],{"className":45,"code":42448,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\n",[15,42450,42451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42452,42453,42455,42457,42459],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42454,32248],{"class":101},[52,42456,105],{"class":66},[52,42458,11250],{"class":101},[52,42460,112],{"class":66},[20,42462,42463],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[38,42465,181],{"id":180},[20,42467,42468],{},"The main form is:",[43,42470,42472],{"className":45,"code":42471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(object)\n",[15,42473,42474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42475,42476,42478,42480,42483],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42477,32248],{"class":101},[52,42479,105],{"class":66},[52,42481,42482],{"class":1184},"object",[52,42484,112],{"class":66},[20,42486,42487],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42489,42490],{},"Common examples include:",[153,42492,42493,42497,42502,42506],{},[156,42494,42495],{},[15,42496,11250],{},[156,42498,42499],{},[15,42500,42501],{},"list.append",[156,42503,42504],{},[15,42505,3550],{},[156,42507,42508],{},[15,42509,42510],{},"open",[20,42512,7257,42513,7260],{},[15,42514,35125],{},[43,42516,42518],{"className":45,"code":42517,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help()\n",[15,42519,42520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42521,42522,42524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42523,32248],{"class":101},[52,42525,8729],{"class":66},[20,42527,42528],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[38,42530,42532],{"id":42531},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[461,42534,42536],{"id":42535},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42538,42539,42540,2305,42542,2305,42544,17165,42547,242],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42541,11250],{},[15,42543,118],{},[15,42545,42546],{},"input",[236,42548,42549],{"href":2417},[15,42550,2420],{},[43,42552,42554],{"className":45,"code":42553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42555,42556,42566,42576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42557,42558,42560,42562,42564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42559,32248],{"class":101},[52,42561,105],{"class":66},[52,42563,118],{"class":101},[52,42565,112],{"class":66},[52,42567,42568,42570,42572,42574],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,42569,32248],{"class":101},[52,42571,105],{"class":66},[52,42573,42546],{"class":101},[52,42575,112],{"class":66},[52,42577,42578,42580,42582,42584],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,42579,32248],{"class":101},[52,42581,105],{"class":66},[52,42583,1827],{"class":1184},[52,42585,112],{"class":66},[461,42587,42589],{"id":42588},"data-types","Data types",[20,42591,42592,42593,2305,42595,2305,42597,17165,42599,242],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42594,3550],{},[15,42596,8179],{},[15,42598,8908],{},[15,42600,6372],{},[43,42602,42604],{"className":45,"code":42603,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42605,42606,42616,42626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42607,42608,42610,42612,42614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42609,32248],{"class":101},[52,42611,105],{"class":66},[52,42613,3550],{"class":1184},[52,42615,112],{"class":66},[52,42617,42618,42620,42622,42624],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,42619,32248],{"class":101},[52,42621,105],{"class":66},[52,42623,8179],{"class":1184},[52,42625,112],{"class":66},[52,42627,42628,42630,42632,42634],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,42629,32248],{"class":101},[52,42631,105],{"class":66},[52,42633,8908],{"class":1184},[52,42635,112],{"class":66},[20,42637,42638],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[461,42640,42428],{"id":34603},[20,42642,42643,42644,652,42647,242],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42645,42646],{},"str.split",[15,42648,42501],{},[43,42650,42652],{"className":45,"code":42651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42653,42654,42668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42655,42656,42658,42660,42662,42664,42666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42657,32248],{"class":101},[52,42659,105],{"class":66},[52,42661,3550],{"class":1184},[52,42663,242],{"class":66},[52,42665,34566],{"class":24845},[52,42667,112],{"class":66},[52,42669,42670,42672,42674,42676,42678,42680],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,42671,32248],{"class":101},[52,42673,105],{"class":66},[52,42675,8179],{"class":1184},[52,42677,242],{"class":66},[52,42679,13643],{"class":24845},[52,42681,112],{"class":66},[20,42683,42684,42685,8791,42687,28408,42692,42694,42695,42697],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42686,35125],{},[236,42688,42690],{"href":42689},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42691,34408],{},[15,42693,34408],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42696,35125],{}," explains one of them.",[461,42699,42431],{"id":34756},[20,42701,42702,42703,2305,42705,17165,42707,242],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42704,18510],{},[15,42706,35288],{},[15,42708,42709],{},"os",[43,42711,42713],{"className":45,"code":42712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42714,42715,42721],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42716,42717,42719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42718,35189],{"class":1195},[52,42720,35192],{"class":58},[52,42722,42723,42725,42727,42729],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,42724,32248],{"class":101},[52,42726,105],{"class":66},[52,42728,18510],{"class":108},[52,42730,112],{"class":66},[20,42732,42733,42734,42738,42739,242],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[236,42735,42737],{"href":42736},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[236,42740,35255],{"href":42741},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[38,42743,35016],{"id":35015},[20,42745,42746,42748],{},[15,42747,35125],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42750,42751],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[153,42753,42754,42757,42760,42763],{},[156,42755,42756],{},"The function signature",[156,42758,42759],{},"The short description",[156,42761,42762],{},"Parameter names",[156,42764,42765],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42767,932],{},[43,42769,42771],{"className":45,"code":42770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42772,42773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42774,42775,42777,42779,42781,42783,42785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42776,32248],{"class":101},[52,42778,105],{"class":66},[52,42780,3550],{"class":1184},[52,42782,242],{"class":66},[52,42784,34566],{"class":24845},[52,42786,112],{"class":66},[20,42788,42789],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[153,42791,42792,42795,42798,42800],{},[156,42793,42794],{},"What object this is",[156,42796,42797],{},"What arguments it accepts",[156,42799,22065],{},[156,42801,42802],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42804,42805],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[38,42807,42809],{"id":42808},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42811,42812,29969],{},[15,42813,35125],{},[153,42815,42816,42819,42822,42825],{},[156,42817,42818],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[156,42820,42821],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[156,42823,42824],{},"You are exploring a new module",[156,42826,42827],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42829,42830],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[43,42832,42833],{"className":45,"code":42770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,42834,42835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42836,42837,42839,42841,42843,42845,42847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42838,32248],{"class":101},[52,42840,105],{"class":66},[52,42842,3550],{"class":1184},[52,42844,242],{"class":66},[52,42846,34566],{"class":24845},[52,42848,112],{"class":66},[20,42850,42851],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[43,42853,42855],{"className":45,"code":42854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(open)\n",[15,42856,42857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42858,42859,42861,42863,42865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42860,32248],{"class":101},[52,42862,105],{"class":66},[52,42864,42510],{"class":101},[52,42866,112],{"class":66},[38,42868,42870],{"id":42869},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42872,42873,42875],{},[15,42874,35125],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[153,42877,42878,42881,42884,42887],{},[156,42879,42880],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[156,42882,42883],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[156,42885,42886],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[156,42888,42889],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42891,42892,42893,42895],{},"So, ",[15,42894,35125],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42897,932],{},[43,42899,42901],{"className":45,"code":42900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42902,42903,42916,42940,42944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42904,42905,42907,42909,42911,42914],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42906,34785],{"class":58},[52,42908,63],{"class":62},[52,42910,768],{"class":756},[52,42912,42913],{"class":760},"a,b,c",[52,42915,3465],{"class":756},[52,42917,42918,42921,42923,42926,42928,42930,42932,42934,42936,42938],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,42919,42920],{"class":58},"parts ",[52,42922,63],{"class":62},[52,42924,42925],{"class":58}," text",[52,42927,242],{"class":66},[52,42929,34566],{"class":108},[52,42931,105],{"class":66},[52,42933,757],{"class":756},[52,42935,74],{"class":760},[52,42937,757],{"class":756},[52,42939,112],{"class":66},[52,42941,42942],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,42943,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,42945,42946,42948,42950,42953],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,42947,118],{"class":101},[52,42949,105],{"class":66},[52,42951,42952],{"class":108},"parts",[52,42954,112],{"class":66},[20,42956,5648],{},[43,42958,42960],{"className":45,"code":42959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42961,42962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,42963,42964,42966,42968,42970,42972,42974,42976,42978,42980,42982,42984,42986,42988],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,42965,3994],{"class":66},[52,42967,3406],{"class":756},[52,42969,236],{"class":760},[52,42971,3406],{"class":756},[52,42973,74],{"class":66},[52,42975,3401],{"class":756},[52,42977,4853],{"class":760},[52,42979,3406],{"class":756},[52,42981,74],{"class":66},[52,42983,3401],{"class":756},[52,42985,9825],{"class":760},[52,42987,3406],{"class":756},[52,42989,90],{"class":66},[20,42991,42992],{},"A good workflow is:",[28808,42994,42995,43000,43003,43006],{},[156,42996,133,42997,42999],{},[15,42998,35125],{}," to inspect something",[156,43001,43002],{},"Write a tiny example",[156,43004,43005],{},"Check the result",[156,43007,43008],{},"Repeat",[38,43010,43012],{"id":43011},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,43014,43015,652,43017,43019],{},[15,43016,35125],{},[15,43018,34408],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[461,43021,43022],{"id":32248},[15,43023,35125],{},[20,43025,133,43026,43028],{},[15,43027,35125],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,43030,43031],{},"It tells you:",[153,43033,43034,43037,43040],{},[156,43035,43036],{},"What something is",[156,43038,43039],{},"How to use it",[156,43041,43042],{},"What parameters it accepts",[461,43044,43045],{"id":34469},[15,43046,34408],{},[20,43048,133,43049,43051],{},[15,43050,34408],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[43,43053,43055],{"className":45,"code":43054,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dir(str)\n",[15,43056,43057],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43058,43059,43061,43063,43065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43060,34469],{"class":101},[52,43062,105],{"class":66},[52,43064,3550],{"class":1184},[52,43066,112],{"class":66},[20,43068,43069,43070,2305,43072,17165,43074,242],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,43071,34566],{},[15,43073,8720],{},[15,43075,8726],{},[20,43077,43078,43079,1772],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,43080,35125],{},[43,43082,43084],{"className":45,"code":43083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,43085,43086],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43087,43088,43090,43092,43094,43096,43098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43089,32248],{"class":101},[52,43091,105],{"class":66},[52,43093,3550],{"class":1184},[52,43095,242],{"class":66},[52,43097,8726],{"class":24845},[52,43099,112],{"class":66},[20,43101,43102],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[153,43104,43105,43110],{},[156,43106,133,43107,43109],{},[15,43108,34408],{}," to discover options",[156,43111,133,43112,43114],{},[15,43113,35125],{}," to understand one option",[38,43116,1766],{"id":1765},[20,43118,43119,43120,242],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,43121,35125],{},[461,43123,1372,43125,43128,43129],{"id":43124},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,43126,43127],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,43130,43131],{},"help(len)",[20,43133,43134],{},"These are not always the same.",[43,43136,43138],{"className":45,"code":43137,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,43139,43140,43150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43141,43142,43144,43146,43148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43143,32248],{"class":101},[52,43145,105],{"class":66},[52,43147,11250],{"class":101},[52,43149,112],{"class":66},[52,43151,43152,43154,43156,43158,43160,43162],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,43153,32248],{"class":101},[52,43155,105],{"class":66},[52,43157,3406],{"class":756},[52,43159,11250],{"class":760},[52,43161,3406],{"class":756},[52,43163,112],{"class":66},[20,43165,43166,43168],{},[15,43167,43131],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,43170,43171,43173,43174,43177],{},[15,43172,43127],{}," treats ",[15,43175,43176],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[461,43179,43181],{"id":43180},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,43183,43184,43186],{},[15,43185,35125],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,43188,43189],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[461,43191,43193],{"id":43192},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,43195,40435,43196,43198],{},[15,43197,35125],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,43200,2324],{},[43,43202,43204],{"className":45,"code":43203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,43205,43206,43216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43207,43208,43210,43212,43214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43209,32248],{"class":101},[52,43211,105],{"class":66},[52,43213,11250],{"class":101},[52,43215,112],{"class":66},[52,43217,43218,43220,43222,43224,43227,43229],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,43219,118],{"class":101},[52,43221,105],{"class":66},[52,43223,757],{"class":756},[52,43225,43226],{"class":760},"Done",[52,43228,757],{"class":756},[52,43230,112],{"class":66},[20,43232,43233],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[461,43235,37298,43237,8791,43239],{"id":43236},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,43238,35125],{},[15,43240,34408],{},[20,43242,43243,43244,242],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,43245,34408],{},[20,43247,43248,43249,242],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,43250,35125],{},[38,43252,43254],{"id":43253},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,43256,43257],{},"Open Python:",[43,43259,43260],{"className":45,"code":35641,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,43261,43262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43263,43264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43265,35641],{"class":58},[20,43267,43268],{},"Then test these commands:",[43,43270,43272],{"className":45,"code":43271,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,43273,43274,43284,43298,43312,43322,43337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43275,43276,43278,43280,43282],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43277,32248],{"class":101},[52,43279,105],{"class":66},[52,43281,11250],{"class":101},[52,43283,112],{"class":66},[52,43285,43286,43288,43290,43292,43294,43296],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,43287,32248],{"class":101},[52,43289,105],{"class":66},[52,43291,3550],{"class":1184},[52,43293,242],{"class":66},[52,43295,34566],{"class":24845},[52,43297,112],{"class":66},[52,43299,43300,43302,43304,43306,43308,43310],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43301,32248],{"class":101},[52,43303,105],{"class":66},[52,43305,8179],{"class":1184},[52,43307,242],{"class":66},[52,43309,13643],{"class":24845},[52,43311,112],{"class":66},[52,43313,43314,43316,43318,43320],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,43315,32248],{"class":101},[52,43317,105],{"class":66},[52,43319,42510],{"class":101},[52,43321,112],{"class":66},[52,43323,43324,43326,43328,43330,43333,43335],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,43325,32248],{"class":101},[52,43327,105],{"class":66},[52,43329,3406],{"class":756},[52,43331,43332],{"class":760},"keywords",[52,43334,3406],{"class":756},[52,43336,112],{"class":66},[52,43338,43339,43341,43343,43345],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,43340,34469],{"class":101},[52,43342,105],{"class":66},[52,43344,3550],{"class":1184},[52,43346,112],{"class":66},[20,43348,43349],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[153,43351,43352,43355,43358,43361,43364,43367],{},[156,43353,43354],{},"A built-in function",[156,43356,43357],{},"A string method",[156,43359,43360],{},"A list method",[156,43362,43363],{},"A built-in file function",[156,43365,43366],{},"A special help topic",[156,43368,15280,43369,43371],{},[15,43370,34408],{}," example for comparison",[38,43373,1919],{"id":1918},[461,43375,43377],{"id":43376},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,43379,43380],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[461,43382,43384],{"id":43383},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,43386,43387,43388,43390],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,43389,35125],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[43,43392,43394],{"className":45,"code":43393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,43395,43396,43408,43421,43440,43444],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43397,43398,43400,43402,43404,43406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43399,34949],{"class":2184},[52,43401,34953],{"class":34952},[52,43403,105],{"class":66},[52,43405,7751],{"class":37756},[52,43407,8428],{"class":66},[52,43409,43410,43414,43418],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,43411,43413],{"class":43412},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[52,43415,43417],{"class":43416},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[52,43419,43420],{"class":43412},"\"\"\"\n",[52,43422,43423,43425,43428,43431,43433,43435,43437],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43424,34960],{"class":1195},[52,43426,43427],{"class":2184}," f",[52,43429,43430],{"class":760},"\"Hello, ",[52,43432,9363],{"class":70},[52,43434,7751],{"class":58},[52,43436,22398],{"class":70},[52,43438,43439],{"class":760},"!\"\n",[52,43441,43442],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,43443,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,43445,43446,43448,43450,43452],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,43447,32248],{"class":101},[52,43449,105],{"class":66},[52,43451,34995],{"class":108},[52,43453,112],{"class":66},[461,43455,43457],{"id":43456},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,43459,43460,43462,43463,43465],{},[15,43461,43131],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,43464,43127],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[461,43467,43469],{"id":43468},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,43471,43472],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[38,43474,1986],{"id":1985},[153,43476,43477,43482,43486,43491,43496],{},[156,43478,43479],{},[236,43480,43481],{"href":42689},"Python dir() function explained",[156,43483,43484],{},[236,43485,8527],{"href":2417},[156,43487,43488],{},[236,43489,43490],{"href":2004},"Python len() function explained",[156,43492,43493],{},[236,43494,43495],{"href":42736},"How import works in Python",[156,43497,43498],{},[236,43499,35255],{"href":42741},[20,43501,43502,43503,43505,43506,2305,43508,17165,43510,43512,43513,1943,43516,43519],{},"Try ",[15,43504,35125],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43507,11250],{},[15,43509,118],{},[15,43511,42546],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43514,43515],{},"dir(str)",[15,43517,43518],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[2029,43521,43522],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":43524},[43525,43526,43527,43528,43534,43535,43536,43537,43541,43549,43550,43556],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":42408,"depth":93,"text":42409},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":42531,"depth":93,"text":42532,"children":43529},[43530,43531,43532,43533],{"id":42535,"depth":115,"text":42536},{"id":42588,"depth":115,"text":42589},{"id":34603,"depth":115,"text":42428},{"id":34756,"depth":115,"text":42431},{"id":35015,"depth":93,"text":35016},{"id":42808,"depth":93,"text":42809},{"id":42869,"depth":93,"text":42870},{"id":43011,"depth":93,"text":43012,"children":43538},[43539,43540],{"id":32248,"depth":115,"text":35125},{"id":34469,"depth":115,"text":34408},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":43542},[43543,43545,43546,43547],{"id":43124,"depth":115,"text":43544},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":43180,"depth":115,"text":43181},{"id":43192,"depth":115,"text":43193},{"id":43236,"depth":115,"text":43548},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":43253,"depth":93,"text":43254},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":43551},[43552,43553,43554,43555],{"id":43376,"depth":115,"text":43377},{"id":43383,"depth":115,"text":43384},{"id":43456,"depth":115,"text":43457},{"id":43468,"depth":115,"text":43469},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":42337,"description":43557},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43563,"title":43564,"body":43565,"description":44927,"extension":2083,"meta":44928,"navigation":296,"path":44929,"seo":44930,"stem":44931,"__hash__":44932},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43566,"toc":44900},[43567,43573,43578,43584,43594,43653,43663,43674,43679,43685,43687,43705,43713,43715,43717,43732,43735,43746,43748,43839,43842,43846,43851,43872,43874,43985,43987,44014,44025,44029,44032,44115,44117,44125,44131,44137,44141,44144,44254,44256,44269,44272,44286,44294,44301,44306,44320,44326,44439,44441,44502,44505,44511,44517,44520,44542,44545,44615,44618,44650,44657,44659,44662,44680,44683,44695,44701,44703,44708,44734,44737,44809,44811,44817,44820,44826,44829,44835,44845,44851,44854,44861,44864,44866,44897],[10,43568,13,43570,18],{"id":43569},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43571,43572],{},"id()",[20,43574,32413,43575,43577],{},[15,43576,43572],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43579,43580,43581,43583],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43582,43572],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43585,133,43586,43588,43589,43591,43592,242],{},[15,43587,43572],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3842,43590,4722],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43593,4780],{},[43,43595,43597],{"className":45,"code":43596,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43598,43599,43611,43625,43629,43639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43600,43601,43603,43605,43607,43609],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43602,7961],{"class":58},[52,43604,63],{"class":62},[52,43606,768],{"class":756},[52,43608,7379],{"class":760},[52,43610,3465],{"class":756},[52,43612,43613,43615,43617,43619,43621,43623],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,43614,118],{"class":101},[52,43616,105],{"class":66},[52,43618,12737],{"class":101},[52,43620,105],{"class":66},[52,43622,7751],{"class":108},[52,43624,510],{"class":66},[52,43626,43627],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43628,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,43630,43631,43634,43636],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,43632,43633],{"class":58},"other ",[52,43635,63],{"class":62},[52,43637,43638],{"class":58}," name\n",[52,43640,43641,43643,43645,43647,43649,43651],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,43642,118],{"class":101},[52,43644,105],{"class":66},[52,43646,12737],{"class":101},[52,43648,105],{"class":66},[52,43650,30838],{"class":108},[52,43652,510],{"class":66},[20,43654,43655,43656,43659,43660,43662],{},"In this example, ",[15,43657,43658],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43661,43572],{}," values match.",[43664,43665,43666],"blockquote",{},[20,43667,133,43668,43670,43671,43673],{},[15,43669,43572],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43672,4780],{}," for value comparison.",[38,43675,140,43677,143],{"id":43676},"what-id-does",[15,43678,43572],{},[20,43680,43681,43684],{},[15,43682,43683],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43686,13141],{},[153,43688,43689,43692,43699,43702],{},[156,43690,43691],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[156,43693,43694,43695,43698],{},"It shows ",[3842,43696,43697],{},"object identity",", not object value",[156,43700,43701],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[156,43703,43704],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43706,43707,43708,43712],{},"This is closely related to how ",[236,43709,43711],{"href":43710},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[38,43714,181],{"id":180},[20,43716,5523],{},[43,43718,43720],{"className":45,"code":43719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"id(object)\n",[15,43721,43722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43723,43724,43726,43728,43730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43725,12737],{"class":101},[52,43727,105],{"class":66},[52,43729,42482],{"class":1184},[52,43731,112],{"class":66},[20,43733,43734],{},"Important details:",[153,43736,43737,43740,43743],{},[156,43738,43739],{},"It takes one argument",[156,43741,43742],{},"It returns an integer",[156,43744,43745],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43747,2324],{},[43,43749,43751],{"className":45,"code":43750,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43752,43753,43765,43773,43793,43797,43811,43825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43754,43755,43757,43759,43761,43763],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43756,34785],{"class":58},[52,43758,63],{"class":62},[52,43760,768],{"class":756},[52,43762,761],{"class":760},[52,43764,3465],{"class":756},[52,43766,43767,43769,43771],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,43768,2334],{"class":58},[52,43770,63],{"class":62},[52,43772,2882],{"class":70},[52,43774,43775,43777,43779,43781,43783,43785,43787,43789,43791],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43776,7863],{"class":58},[52,43778,63],{"class":62},[52,43780,67],{"class":66},[52,43782,71],{"class":70},[52,43784,74],{"class":66},[52,43786,77],{"class":70},[52,43788,74],{"class":66},[52,43790,82],{"class":70},[52,43792,90],{"class":66},[52,43794,43795],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,43796,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,43798,43799,43801,43803,43805,43807,43809],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,43800,118],{"class":101},[52,43802,105],{"class":66},[52,43804,12737],{"class":101},[52,43806,105],{"class":66},[52,43808,34806],{"class":108},[52,43810,510],{"class":66},[52,43812,43813,43815,43817,43819,43821,43823],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,43814,118],{"class":101},[52,43816,105],{"class":66},[52,43818,12737],{"class":101},[52,43820,105],{"class":66},[52,43822,2357],{"class":108},[52,43824,510],{"class":66},[52,43826,43827,43829,43831,43833,43835,43837],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,43828,118],{"class":101},[52,43830,105],{"class":66},[52,43832,12737],{"class":101},[52,43834,105],{"class":66},[52,43836,7894],{"class":108},[52,43838,510],{"class":66},[20,43840,43841],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[38,43843,43845],{"id":43844},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43847,43848,43849,242],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43850,43572],{},[153,43852,43853,43860,43867],{},[156,43854,43855,43857,43858],{},[15,43856,4780],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3842,43859,2588],{},[156,43861,43862,43864,43865],{},[15,43863,12281],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3842,43866,42482],{},[156,43868,43869,43871],{},[15,43870,43572],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43873,2324],{},[43,43875,43877],{"className":45,"code":43876,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43878,43879,43899,43919,43923,43940,43957,43971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,43880,43881,43883,43885,43887,43889,43891,43893,43895,43897],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,43882,2668],{"class":58},[52,43884,63],{"class":62},[52,43886,67],{"class":66},[52,43888,71],{"class":70},[52,43890,74],{"class":66},[52,43892,77],{"class":70},[52,43894,74],{"class":66},[52,43896,82],{"class":70},[52,43898,90],{"class":66},[52,43900,43901,43903,43905,43907,43909,43911,43913,43915,43917],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,43902,2696],{"class":58},[52,43904,63],{"class":62},[52,43906,67],{"class":66},[52,43908,71],{"class":70},[52,43910,74],{"class":66},[52,43912,77],{"class":70},[52,43914,74],{"class":66},[52,43916,82],{"class":70},[52,43918,90],{"class":66},[52,43920,43921],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,43922,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,43924,43925,43927,43929,43931,43933,43935,43937],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,43926,118],{"class":101},[52,43928,105],{"class":66},[52,43930,2668],{"class":108},[52,43932,4780],{"class":62},[52,43934,2673],{"class":108},[52,43936,126],{"class":66},[52,43938,43939],{"class":129},"   # True\n",[52,43941,43942,43944,43946,43948,43950,43952,43954],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,43943,118],{"class":101},[52,43945,105],{"class":66},[52,43947,2668],{"class":108},[52,43949,12281],{"class":1195},[52,43951,2673],{"class":108},[52,43953,126],{"class":66},[52,43955,43956],{"class":129},"   # False\n",[52,43958,43959,43961,43963,43965,43967,43969],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,43960,118],{"class":101},[52,43962,105],{"class":66},[52,43964,12737],{"class":101},[52,43966,105],{"class":66},[52,43968,236],{"class":108},[52,43970,510],{"class":66},[52,43972,43973,43975,43977,43979,43981,43983],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,43974,118],{"class":101},[52,43976,105],{"class":66},[52,43978,12737],{"class":101},[52,43980,105],{"class":66},[52,43982,4853],{"class":108},[52,43984,510],{"class":66},[20,43986,2295],{},[153,43988,43989,43997,44005],{},[156,43990,43991,4876,43994,43996],{},[15,43992,43993],{},"a == b",[15,43995,173],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[156,43998,43999,4876,44002,44004],{},[15,44000,44001],{},"a is b",[15,44003,655],{}," because they are different list objects",[156,44006,44007,652,44010,44013],{},[15,44008,44009],{},"id(a)",[15,44011,44012],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,44015,44016,44017,652,44021,242],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[236,44018,44020],{"href":44019},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[236,44022,44024],{"href":44023},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[38,44026,44028],{"id":44027},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,44030,44031],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[43,44033,44035],{"className":45,"code":44034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,44036,44037,44057,44067,44071,44085,44100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44038,44039,44041,44043,44045,44047,44049,44051,44053,44055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44040,59],{"class":58},[52,44042,63],{"class":62},[52,44044,67],{"class":66},[52,44046,430],{"class":70},[52,44048,74],{"class":66},[52,44050,7874],{"class":70},[52,44052,74],{"class":66},[52,44054,7879],{"class":70},[52,44056,90],{"class":66},[52,44058,44059,44062,44064],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44060,44061],{"class":58},"other_numbers ",[52,44063,63],{"class":62},[52,44065,44066],{"class":58}," numbers\n",[52,44068,44069],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44070,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,44072,44073,44075,44077,44079,44081,44083],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,44074,118],{"class":101},[52,44076,105],{"class":66},[52,44078,12737],{"class":101},[52,44080,105],{"class":66},[52,44082,109],{"class":108},[52,44084,510],{"class":66},[52,44086,44087,44089,44091,44093,44095,44098],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,44088,118],{"class":101},[52,44090,105],{"class":66},[52,44092,12737],{"class":101},[52,44094,105],{"class":66},[52,44096,44097],{"class":108},"other_numbers",[52,44099,510],{"class":66},[52,44101,44102,44104,44106,44108,44110,44113],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,44103,118],{"class":101},[52,44105,105],{"class":66},[52,44107,59],{"class":108},[52,44109,12281],{"class":1195},[52,44111,44112],{"class":108}," other_numbers",[52,44114,112],{"class":66},[20,44116,5648],{},[43,44118,44119],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,44120,44121],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44122,44123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44124,4072],{"class":674},[20,44126,44127,44128,44130],{},"The two ",[15,44129,43572],{}," values will also match.",[20,44132,22284,44133,44136],{},[15,44134,44135],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[38,44138,44140],{"id":44139},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,44142,44143],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[43,44145,44147],{"className":45,"code":44146,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,44148,44149,44170,44191,44195,44210,44224,44239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44150,44151,44154,44156,44158,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44152,44153],{"class":58},"list_a ",[52,44155,63],{"class":62},[52,44157,67],{"class":66},[52,44159,71],{"class":70},[52,44161,74],{"class":66},[52,44163,77],{"class":70},[52,44165,74],{"class":66},[52,44167,82],{"class":70},[52,44169,90],{"class":66},[52,44171,44172,44175,44177,44179,44181,44183,44185,44187,44189],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44173,44174],{"class":58},"list_b ",[52,44176,63],{"class":62},[52,44178,67],{"class":66},[52,44180,71],{"class":70},[52,44182,74],{"class":66},[52,44184,77],{"class":70},[52,44186,74],{"class":66},[52,44188,82],{"class":70},[52,44190,90],{"class":66},[52,44192,44193],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44194,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,44196,44197,44199,44201,44203,44205,44208],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,44198,118],{"class":101},[52,44200,105],{"class":66},[52,44202,44153],{"class":108},[52,44204,4780],{"class":62},[52,44206,44207],{"class":108}," list_b",[52,44209,112],{"class":66},[52,44211,44212,44214,44216,44218,44220,44222],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,44213,118],{"class":101},[52,44215,105],{"class":66},[52,44217,44153],{"class":108},[52,44219,12281],{"class":1195},[52,44221,44207],{"class":108},[52,44223,112],{"class":66},[52,44225,44226,44228,44230,44232,44234,44237],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,44227,118],{"class":101},[52,44229,105],{"class":66},[52,44231,12737],{"class":101},[52,44233,105],{"class":66},[52,44235,44236],{"class":108},"list_a",[52,44238,510],{"class":66},[52,44240,44241,44243,44245,44247,44249,44252],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,44242,118],{"class":101},[52,44244,105],{"class":66},[52,44246,12737],{"class":101},[52,44248,105],{"class":66},[52,44250,44251],{"class":108},"list_b",[52,44253,510],{"class":66},[20,44255,5648],{},[43,44257,44259],{"className":45,"code":44258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\n",[15,44260,44261,44265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44262,44263],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44264,4072],{"class":674},[52,44266,44267],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44268,4133],{"class":674},[20,44270,44271],{},"What this means:",[153,44273,44274,44277,44280],{},[156,44275,44276],{},"The lists are equal in value",[156,44278,44279],{},"They are not the same object",[156,44281,44282,44283,44285],{},"Their ",[15,44284,43572],{}," values are usually different",[20,44287,44288,44289,44291,44292,242],{},"This is why ",[15,44290,43572],{}," should not replace ",[15,44293,4780],{},[38,44295,44297,44298,44300],{"id":44296},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,44299,43572],{}," is useful",[20,44302,44303,44305],{},[15,44304,43572],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[153,44307,44308,44311,44314,44317],{},[156,44309,44310],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[156,44312,44313],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[156,44315,44316],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[156,44318,44319],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,44321,44322,44323,44325],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,44324,43572],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[43,44327,44329],{"className":45,"code":44328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,44330,44331,44355,44364,44368,44387,44391,44401,44411,44425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44332,44333,44335,44337,44339,44341,44343,44345,44347,44349,44351,44353],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44334,12173],{"class":58},[52,44336,63],{"class":62},[52,44338,67],{"class":66},[52,44340,757],{"class":756},[52,44342,236],{"class":760},[52,44344,757],{"class":756},[52,44346,74],{"class":66},[52,44348,768],{"class":756},[52,44350,4853],{"class":760},[52,44352,757],{"class":756},[52,44354,90],{"class":66},[52,44356,44357,44360,44362],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44358,44359],{"class":58},"copy_ref ",[52,44361,63],{"class":62},[52,44363,12211],{"class":58},[52,44365,44366],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44367,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,44369,44370,44373,44375,44377,44379,44381,44383,44385],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,44371,44372],{"class":58},"copy_ref",[52,44374,242],{"class":66},[52,44376,13643],{"class":108},[52,44378,105],{"class":66},[52,44380,757],{"class":756},[52,44382,9825],{"class":760},[52,44384,757],{"class":756},[52,44386,112],{"class":66},[52,44388,44389],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,44390,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,44392,44393,44395,44397,44399],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,44394,118],{"class":101},[52,44396,105],{"class":66},[52,44398,12220],{"class":108},[52,44400,112],{"class":66},[52,44402,44403,44405,44407,44409],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,44404,118],{"class":101},[52,44406,105],{"class":66},[52,44408,44372],{"class":108},[52,44410,112],{"class":66},[52,44412,44413,44415,44417,44419,44421,44423],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,44414,118],{"class":101},[52,44416,105],{"class":66},[52,44418,12737],{"class":101},[52,44420,105],{"class":66},[52,44422,12220],{"class":108},[52,44424,510],{"class":66},[52,44426,44427,44429,44431,44433,44435,44437],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,44428,118],{"class":101},[52,44430,105],{"class":66},[52,44432,12737],{"class":101},[52,44434,105],{"class":66},[52,44436,44372],{"class":108},[52,44438,510],{"class":66},[20,44440,5648],{},[43,44442,44444],{"className":45,"code":44443,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,44445,44446,44474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44447,44448,44450,44452,44454,44456,44458,44460,44462,44464,44466,44468,44470,44472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44449,3994],{"class":66},[52,44451,3406],{"class":756},[52,44453,236],{"class":760},[52,44455,3406],{"class":756},[52,44457,74],{"class":66},[52,44459,3401],{"class":756},[52,44461,4853],{"class":760},[52,44463,3406],{"class":756},[52,44465,74],{"class":66},[52,44467,3401],{"class":756},[52,44469,9825],{"class":760},[52,44471,3406],{"class":756},[52,44473,90],{"class":66},[52,44475,44476,44478,44480,44482,44484,44486,44488,44490,44492,44494,44496,44498,44500],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44477,3994],{"class":66},[52,44479,3406],{"class":756},[52,44481,236],{"class":760},[52,44483,3406],{"class":756},[52,44485,74],{"class":66},[52,44487,3401],{"class":756},[52,44489,4853],{"class":760},[52,44491,3406],{"class":756},[52,44493,74],{"class":66},[52,44495,3401],{"class":756},[52,44497,9825],{"class":760},[52,44499,3406],{"class":756},[52,44501,90],{"class":66},[20,44503,44504],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[38,44506,44508,44509],{"id":44507},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44510,43572],{},[20,44512,44513,44514,44516],{},"Do not use ",[15,44515,43572],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44518,44519],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[153,44521,44522,44528,44534,44537],{},[156,44523,44524,44525,44527],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44526,4780],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[156,44529,44530,44531,44533],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44532,43572],{}," values across program runs",[156,44535,44536],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[156,44538,44539,44540],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44541,43572],{},[20,44543,44544],{},"Bad example:",[43,44546,44548],{"className":45,"code":44547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44549,44550,44562,44574,44578,44600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44551,44552,44554,44556,44558,44560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44553,2668],{"class":58},[52,44555,63],{"class":62},[52,44557,768],{"class":756},[52,44559,37141],{"class":760},[52,44561,3465],{"class":756},[52,44563,44564,44566,44568,44570,44572],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44565,2696],{"class":58},[52,44567,63],{"class":62},[52,44569,768],{"class":756},[52,44571,37141],{"class":760},[52,44573,3465],{"class":756},[52,44575,44576],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44577,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,44579,44580,44582,44584,44586,44588,44590,44592,44594,44596,44598],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,44581,7079],{"class":1195},[52,44583,14907],{"class":101},[52,44585,105],{"class":66},[52,44587,236],{"class":108},[52,44589,126],{"class":66},[52,44591,6492],{"class":62},[52,44593,14907],{"class":101},[52,44595,105],{"class":66},[52,44597,4853],{"class":108},[52,44599,8428],{"class":66},[52,44601,44602,44604,44606,44608,44611,44613],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,44603,8154],{"class":101},[52,44605,105],{"class":66},[52,44607,757],{"class":756},[52,44609,44610],{"class":760},"The values are equal",[52,44612,757],{"class":756},[52,44614,112],{"class":66},[20,44616,44617],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[43,44619,44621],{"className":45,"code":44620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44622,44623,44636],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44624,44625,44627,44630,44632,44634],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44626,7079],{"class":1195},[52,44628,44629],{"class":58}," a ",[52,44631,4780],{"class":62},[52,44633,2673],{"class":58},[52,44635,1689],{"class":66},[52,44637,44638,44640,44642,44644,44646,44648],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44639,8154],{"class":101},[52,44641,105],{"class":66},[52,44643,757],{"class":756},[52,44645,44610],{"class":760},[52,44647,757],{"class":756},[52,44649,112],{"class":66},[20,44651,133,44652,1943,44654,44656],{},[15,44653,12281],{},[15,44655,43572],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[38,44658,20895],{"id":20894},[20,44660,44661],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[153,44663,44664,44667,44670,44675],{},[156,44665,44666],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[156,44668,44669],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[156,44671,44672,44673],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44674,43572],{},[156,44676,44677,44678],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44679,43572],{},[20,44681,44682],{},"The important rule is:",[153,44684,44685,44690],{},[156,44686,133,44687,44689],{},[15,44688,4780],{}," to check value",[156,44691,133,44692,44694],{},[15,44693,12281],{}," to check identity",[20,44696,44697,44698,44700],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44699,43572],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[38,44702,1766],{"id":1765},[20,44704,44705,44706,1772],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44707,43572],{},[153,44709,44710,44718,44721,44724,44729],{},[156,44711,1372,44712,44714,44715,44717],{},[15,44713,43572],{}," when ",[15,44716,4780],{}," should be used",[156,44719,44720],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[156,44722,44723],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[156,44725,44726,44727],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44728,43572],{},[156,44730,1372,44731,44733],{},[15,44732,43572],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44735,44736],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[43,44738,44740],{"className":45,"code":44739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44741,44742,44757,44771,44785,44799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44743,44744,44746,44748,44750,44752,44755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44745,118],{"class":101},[52,44747,105],{"class":66},[52,44749,12737],{"class":101},[52,44751,105],{"class":66},[52,44753,44754],{"class":108},"my_object",[52,44756,510],{"class":66},[52,44758,44759,44761,44763,44765,44767,44769],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44760,118],{"class":101},[52,44762,105],{"class":66},[52,44764,2668],{"class":108},[52,44766,4780],{"class":62},[52,44768,2673],{"class":108},[52,44770,112],{"class":66},[52,44772,44773,44775,44777,44779,44781,44783],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,44774,118],{"class":101},[52,44776,105],{"class":66},[52,44778,2668],{"class":108},[52,44780,12281],{"class":1195},[52,44782,2673],{"class":108},[52,44784,112],{"class":66},[52,44786,44787,44789,44791,44793,44795,44797],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,44788,118],{"class":101},[52,44790,105],{"class":66},[52,44792,1827],{"class":1184},[52,44794,105],{"class":66},[52,44796,44754],{"class":108},[52,44798,510],{"class":66},[52,44800,44801,44803,44805,44807],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,44802,32248],{"class":101},[52,44804,105],{"class":66},[52,44806,12737],{"class":101},[52,44808,112],{"class":66},[38,44810,1919],{"id":1918},[461,44812,44814,44815,12804],{"id":44813},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44816,43572],{},[20,44818,44819],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[461,44821,14994,44823,44825],{"id":44822},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44824,43572],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44827,44828],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[461,44830,21515,44832,44834],{"id":44831},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44833,43572],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44836,1939,44837,44839,44840,1943,44842,44844],{},[15,44838,4780],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44841,43572],{},[15,44843,12281],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[461,44846,44848,44849,1963],{"id":44847},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44850,43572],{},[20,44852,44853],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[461,44855,44857,44858,44860],{"id":44856},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44859,43572],{}," values?",[20,44862,44863],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[38,44865,1986],{"id":1985},[153,44867,44868,44873,44878,44883,44891],{},[156,44869,44870],{},[236,44871,44872],{"href":43710},"Python variables explained for beginners",[156,44874,44875],{},[236,44876,44877],{"href":44019},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[156,44879,44880],{},[236,44881,44882],{"href":44023},"Python data types overview",[156,44884,44885],{},[236,44886,13,44888,1999],{"href":44887},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44889,44890],{},"isinstance()",[156,44892,44893],{},[236,44894,44896],{"href":44895},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[2029,44898,44899],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":44901},[44902,44904,44905,44906,44907,44908,44910,44912,44913,44914,44926],{"id":43676,"depth":93,"text":44903},"What id() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":43844,"depth":93,"text":43845},{"id":44027,"depth":93,"text":44028},{"id":44139,"depth":93,"text":44140},{"id":44296,"depth":93,"text":44909},"When id() is useful",{"id":44507,"depth":93,"text":44911},"When not to use id()",{"id":20894,"depth":93,"text":20895},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":44915},[44916,44918,44920,44922,44924],{"id":44813,"depth":115,"text":44917},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44822,"depth":115,"text":44919},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44831,"depth":115,"text":44921},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44847,"depth":115,"text":44923},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44856,"depth":115,"text":44925},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43564,"description":44927},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44934,"title":42279,"body":44935,"description":46575,"extension":2083,"meta":46576,"navigation":296,"path":46577,"seo":46578,"stem":46579,"__hash__":46580},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44936,"toc":46541},[44937,44942,44947,44950,44952,44995,45000,45003,45008,45013,45016,45032,45034,45078,45080,45107,45109,45124,45126,45128,45130,45146,45148,45160,45163,45197,45200,45225,45230,45232,45237,45241,45244,45246,45294,45296,45329,45335,45346,45348,45400,45402,45433,45435,45439,45443,45486,45492,45498,45550,45558,45563,45567,45658,45660,45693,45696,45698,45758,45760,45786,45796,45798,45802,45807,45812,45814,45851,45853,45872,45875,45879,45882,45938,45950,45959,45961,45988,45996,46003,46007,46010,46047,46050,46056,46093,46095,46099,46105,46123,46128,46176,46180,46269,46272,46279,46281,46283,46288,46306,46308,46351,46357,46374,46376,46438,46440,46442,46448,46456,46462,46468,46477,46487,46491,46499,46501,46503,46538],[10,44938,13,44940,18],{"id":44939},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44941,3067],{},[20,44943,2100,44944,44946],{},[15,44945,3067],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44948,44949],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[38,44951,41],{"id":40},[43,44953,44955],{"className":45,"code":44954,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44956,44957,44976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,44958,44959,44961,44963,44965,44967,44969,44972,44974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,44960,7961],{"class":58},[52,44962,63],{"class":62},[52,44964,8328],{"class":101},[52,44966,105],{"class":66},[52,44968,757],{"class":756},[52,44970,44971],{"class":760},"Enter your name: ",[52,44973,757],{"class":756},[52,44975,112],{"class":66},[52,44977,44978,44980,44982,44984,44987,44989,44991,44993],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,44979,118],{"class":101},[52,44981,105],{"class":66},[52,44983,757],{"class":756},[52,44985,44986],{"class":760},"Hello, ",[52,44988,757],{"class":756},[52,44990,2570],{"class":62},[52,44992,36091],{"class":108},[52,44994,112],{"class":66},[20,44996,133,44997,44999],{},[15,44998,3067],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[45001,45002],"hr",{},[38,45004,140,45006,143],{"id":45005},"what-input-does",[15,45007,3067],{},[20,45009,45010,45012],{},[15,45011,3067],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,45014,45015],{},"Here is what happens:",[153,45017,45018,45023,45026,45029],{},[156,45019,45020,45022],{},[15,45021,3067],{}," waits for the user to type",[156,45024,45025],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[156,45027,45028],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[156,45030,45031],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,45033,2324],{},[43,45035,45037],{"className":45,"code":45036,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,45038,45039,45059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45040,45041,45044,45046,45048,45050,45052,45055,45057],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45042,45043],{"class":58},"color ",[52,45045,63],{"class":62},[52,45047,8328],{"class":101},[52,45049,105],{"class":66},[52,45051,757],{"class":756},[52,45053,45054],{"class":760},"What is your favorite color? ",[52,45056,757],{"class":756},[52,45058,112],{"class":66},[52,45060,45061,45063,45065,45067,45070,45072,45074,45076],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45062,118],{"class":101},[52,45064,105],{"class":66},[52,45066,757],{"class":756},[52,45068,45069],{"class":760},"Your favorite color is",[52,45071,757],{"class":756},[52,45073,74],{"class":66},[52,45075,35950],{"class":108},[52,45077,112],{"class":66},[20,45079,30125],{},[43,45081,45083],{"className":45,"code":45082,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,45084,45085,45098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45086,45087,45089,45091,45094,45096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45088,140],{"class":58},[52,45090,12281],{"class":62},[52,45092,45093],{"class":58}," your favorite color",[52,45095,1963],{"class":37461},[52,45097,35980],{"class":58},[52,45099,45100,45103,45105],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45101,45102],{"class":58},"Your favorite color ",[52,45104,12281],{"class":62},[52,45106,35980],{"class":58},[20,45108,20051],{},[153,45110,45111,45116,45121],{},[156,45112,45113,45114],{},"The prompt is ",[15,45115,45054],{},[156,45117,45118,45119],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,45120,32987],{},[156,45122,45123],{},"That value is then printed",[45001,45125],{},[38,45127,181],{"id":180},[20,45129,7300],{},[43,45131,45133],{"className":45,"code":45132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"input(prompt)\n",[15,45134,45135],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45136,45137,45139,45141,45144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45138,42546],{"class":101},[52,45140,105],{"class":66},[52,45142,45143],{"class":108},"prompt",[52,45145,112],{"class":66},[20,45147,11548],{},[153,45149,45150,45154,45157],{},[156,45151,2100,45152,20133],{},[15,45153,45143],{},[156,45155,45156],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[156,45158,45159],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,45161,45162],{},"Example with a prompt:",[43,45164,45166],{"className":45,"code":45165,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,45167,45168,45187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45169,45170,45172,45174,45176,45178,45180,45183,45185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45171,8046],{"class":58},[52,45173,63],{"class":62},[52,45175,8328],{"class":101},[52,45177,105],{"class":66},[52,45179,757],{"class":756},[52,45181,45182],{"class":760},"Enter your username: ",[52,45184,757],{"class":756},[52,45186,112],{"class":66},[52,45188,45189,45191,45193,45195],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45190,118],{"class":101},[52,45192,105],{"class":66},[52,45194,8070],{"class":108},[52,45196,112],{"class":66},[20,45198,45199],{},"Example without a prompt:",[43,45201,45203],{"className":45,"code":45202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,45204,45205,45215],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45206,45207,45209,45211,45213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45208,2563],{"class":58},[52,45210,63],{"class":62},[52,45212,8328],{"class":101},[52,45214,8729],{"class":66},[52,45216,45217,45219,45221,45223],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45218,118],{"class":101},[52,45220,105],{"class":66},[52,45222,2588],{"class":108},[52,45224,112],{"class":66},[20,45226,7846,45227,45229],{},[15,45228,3067],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[45001,45231],{},[38,45233,140,45235,11793],{"id":45234},"what-input-returns",[15,45236,3067],{},[20,45238,45239,8311],{},[15,45240,3067],{},[20,45242,45243],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,45245,2324],{},[43,45247,45249],{"className":45,"code":45248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45250,45251,45270,45280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45252,45253,45255,45257,45259,45261,45263,45266,45268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45254,21723],{"class":58},[52,45256,63],{"class":62},[52,45258,8328],{"class":101},[52,45260,105],{"class":66},[52,45262,757],{"class":756},[52,45264,45265],{"class":760},"Enter your age: ",[52,45267,757],{"class":756},[52,45269,112],{"class":66},[52,45271,45272,45274,45276,45278],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45273,118],{"class":101},[52,45275,105],{"class":66},[52,45277,9384],{"class":108},[52,45279,112],{"class":66},[52,45281,45282,45284,45286,45288,45290,45292],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45283,118],{"class":101},[52,45285,105],{"class":66},[52,45287,1827],{"class":1184},[52,45289,105],{"class":66},[52,45291,9384],{"class":108},[52,45293,510],{"class":66},[20,45295,30125],{},[43,45297,45299],{"className":45,"code":45298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45300,45301,45311,45315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45302,45303,45306,45308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45304,45305],{"class":58},"Enter your age",[52,45307,1772],{"class":66},[52,45309,45310],{"class":70}," 25\n",[52,45312,45313],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45314,2822],{"class":70},[52,45316,45317,45319,45321,45323,45325,45327],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45318,3395],{"class":62},[52,45320,3398],{"class":2184},[52,45322,3401],{"class":756},[52,45324,3550],{"class":760},[52,45326,3406],{"class":756},[52,45328,3409],{"class":62},[20,45330,45331,45332,45334],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,45333,9278],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,45336,45337,45338,1943,45342,242],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[236,45339,45340],{"href":2986},[15,45341,2989],{},[236,45343,45344],{"href":2992},[15,45345,2995],{},[20,45347,2324],{},[43,45349,45351],{"className":45,"code":45350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,45352,45353,45376,45386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45354,45355,45357,45359,45362,45364,45366,45368,45370,45372,45374],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45356,21723],{"class":58},[52,45358,63],{"class":62},[52,45360,45361],{"class":1184}," int",[52,45363,105],{"class":66},[52,45365,42546],{"class":101},[52,45367,105],{"class":66},[52,45369,757],{"class":756},[52,45371,45265],{"class":760},[52,45373,757],{"class":756},[52,45375,510],{"class":66},[52,45377,45378,45380,45382,45384],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45379,118],{"class":101},[52,45381,105],{"class":66},[52,45383,9384],{"class":108},[52,45385,112],{"class":66},[52,45387,45388,45390,45392,45394,45396,45398],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45389,118],{"class":101},[52,45391,105],{"class":66},[52,45393,1827],{"class":1184},[52,45395,105],{"class":66},[52,45397,9384],{"class":108},[52,45399,510],{"class":66},[20,45401,30125],{},[43,45403,45405],{"className":45,"code":45404,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,45406,45407,45415,45419],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45408,45409,45411,45413],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45410,45305],{"class":58},[52,45412,1772],{"class":66},[52,45414,45310],{"class":70},[52,45416,45417],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45418,2822],{"class":70},[52,45420,45421,45423,45425,45427,45429,45431],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45422,3395],{"class":62},[52,45424,3398],{"class":2184},[52,45426,3401],{"class":756},[52,45428,1185],{"class":760},[52,45430,3406],{"class":756},[52,45432,3409],{"class":62},[45001,45434],{},[38,45436,45438],{"id":45437},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[461,45440,45442],{"id":45441},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[43,45444,45446],{"className":45,"code":45445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,45447,45448,45467],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45449,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458,45460,45463,45465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45451,7961],{"class":58},[52,45453,63],{"class":62},[52,45455,8328],{"class":101},[52,45457,105],{"class":66},[52,45459,757],{"class":756},[52,45461,45462],{"class":760},"What is your name? ",[52,45464,757],{"class":756},[52,45466,112],{"class":66},[52,45468,45469,45471,45473,45475,45478,45480,45482,45484],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45470,118],{"class":101},[52,45472,105],{"class":66},[52,45474,757],{"class":756},[52,45476,45477],{"class":760},"Hello,",[52,45479,757],{"class":756},[52,45481,74],{"class":66},[52,45483,36091],{"class":108},[52,45485,112],{"class":66},[20,45487,45488,45489,45491],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45490,7751],{}," and prints it.",[461,45493,45495,45496],{"id":45494},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45497,2989],{},[43,45499,45501],{"className":45,"code":45500,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45502,45503,45526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45504,45505,45507,45509,45511,45513,45515,45517,45519,45522,45524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45506,21723],{"class":58},[52,45508,63],{"class":62},[52,45510,45361],{"class":1184},[52,45512,105],{"class":66},[52,45514,42546],{"class":101},[52,45516,105],{"class":66},[52,45518,757],{"class":756},[52,45520,45521],{"class":760},"How old are you? ",[52,45523,757],{"class":756},[52,45525,510],{"class":66},[52,45527,45528,45530,45532,45534,45537,45539,45541,45544,45546,45548],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45529,118],{"class":101},[52,45531,105],{"class":66},[52,45533,757],{"class":756},[52,45535,45536],{"class":760},"Next year you will be",[52,45538,757],{"class":756},[52,45540,74],{"class":66},[52,45542,45543],{"class":108}," age ",[52,45545,2179],{"class":62},[52,45547,5586],{"class":70},[52,45549,112],{"class":66},[20,45551,6146,45552,45554,45555,45557],{},[15,45553,2989],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45556,3067],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45559,45560,45561,242],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[236,45562,9067],{"href":9066},[461,45564,45566],{"id":45565},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[43,45568,45570],{"className":45,"code":45569,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45571,45572,45596,45620,45634,45638],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45573,45574,45577,45579,45581,45583,45585,45587,45589,45592,45594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45575,45576],{"class":58},"num1 ",[52,45578,63],{"class":62},[52,45580,45361],{"class":1184},[52,45582,105],{"class":66},[52,45584,42546],{"class":101},[52,45586,105],{"class":66},[52,45588,757],{"class":756},[52,45590,45591],{"class":760},"Enter the first number: ",[52,45593,757],{"class":756},[52,45595,510],{"class":66},[52,45597,45598,45601,45603,45605,45607,45609,45611,45613,45616,45618],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45599,45600],{"class":58},"num2 ",[52,45602,63],{"class":62},[52,45604,45361],{"class":1184},[52,45606,105],{"class":66},[52,45608,42546],{"class":101},[52,45610,105],{"class":66},[52,45612,757],{"class":756},[52,45614,45615],{"class":760},"Enter the second number: ",[52,45617,757],{"class":756},[52,45619,510],{"class":66},[52,45621,45622,45624,45626,45629,45631],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45623,96],{"class":58},[52,45625,63],{"class":62},[52,45627,45628],{"class":58}," num1 ",[52,45630,2179],{"class":62},[52,45632,45633],{"class":58}," num2\n",[52,45635,45636],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,45637,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,45639,45640,45642,45644,45646,45649,45651,45653,45656],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,45641,118],{"class":101},[52,45643,105],{"class":66},[52,45645,757],{"class":756},[52,45647,45648],{"class":760},"Total:",[52,45650,757],{"class":756},[52,45652,74],{"class":66},[52,45654,45655],{"class":108}," total",[52,45657,112],{"class":66},[20,45659,30125],{},[43,45661,45663],{"className":45,"code":45662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45664,45665,45675,45684],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45666,45667,45670,45672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45668,45669],{"class":58},"Enter the first number",[52,45671,1772],{"class":66},[52,45673,45674],{"class":70}," 2\n",[52,45676,45677,45680,45682],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45678,45679],{"class":58},"Enter the second number",[52,45681,1772],{"class":66},[52,45683,2691],{"class":70},[52,45685,45686,45689,45691],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45687,45688],{"class":58},"Total",[52,45690,1772],{"class":66},[52,45692,34940],{"class":70},[20,45694,45695],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45697,2324],{},[43,45699,45701],{"className":45,"code":45700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45702,45703,45721,45739,45743],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45704,45705,45707,45709,45711,45713,45715,45717,45719],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45706,45576],{"class":58},[52,45708,63],{"class":62},[52,45710,8328],{"class":101},[52,45712,105],{"class":66},[52,45714,757],{"class":756},[52,45716,45591],{"class":760},[52,45718,757],{"class":756},[52,45720,112],{"class":66},[52,45722,45723,45725,45727,45729,45731,45733,45735,45737],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45724,45600],{"class":58},[52,45726,63],{"class":62},[52,45728,8328],{"class":101},[52,45730,105],{"class":66},[52,45732,757],{"class":756},[52,45734,45615],{"class":760},[52,45736,757],{"class":756},[52,45738,112],{"class":66},[52,45740,45741],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45742,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,45744,45745,45747,45749,45751,45753,45756],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,45746,118],{"class":101},[52,45748,105],{"class":66},[52,45750,45576],{"class":108},[52,45752,2179],{"class":62},[52,45754,45755],{"class":108}," num2",[52,45757,112],{"class":66},[20,45759,30125],{},[43,45761,45763],{"className":45,"code":45762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45764,45765,45773,45781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45766,45767,45769,45771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45768,45669],{"class":58},[52,45770,1772],{"class":66},[52,45772,45674],{"class":70},[52,45774,45775,45777,45779],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45776,45679],{"class":58},[52,45778,1772],{"class":66},[52,45780,2691],{"class":70},[52,45782,45783],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45784,45785],{"class":70},"23\n",[20,45787,45788,45789,45792,45793,242],{},"That happens because ",[15,45790,45791],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45794,45795],{},"\"23\"",[45001,45797],{},[38,45799,45801],{"id":45800},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45803,45804,45805,242],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45806,3067],{},[461,45808,4796,45810,41628],{"id":45809},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45811,3067],{},[20,45813,39291],{},[43,45815,45817],{"className":45,"code":45816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45818,45819,45837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45820,45821,45823,45825,45827,45829,45831,45833,45835],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45822,2563],{"class":58},[52,45824,63],{"class":62},[52,45826,8328],{"class":101},[52,45828,105],{"class":66},[52,45830,757],{"class":756},[52,45832,41957],{"class":760},[52,45834,757],{"class":756},[52,45836,112],{"class":66},[52,45838,45839,45841,45843,45845,45847,45849],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45840,118],{"class":101},[52,45842,105],{"class":66},[52,45844,1827],{"class":1184},[52,45846,105],{"class":66},[52,45848,2588],{"class":108},[52,45850,510],{"class":66},[20,45852,311],{},[43,45854,45856],{"className":45,"code":45855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45857,45858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45859,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868,45870],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45861,3395],{"class":62},[52,45863,3398],{"class":2184},[52,45865,3401],{"class":756},[52,45867,3550],{"class":760},[52,45869,3406],{"class":756},[52,45871,3409],{"class":62},[20,45873,45874],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[461,45876,45878],{"id":45877},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45880,45881],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[43,45883,45885],{"className":45,"code":45884,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45886,45887,45905,45924],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45888,45889,45891,45893,45895,45897,45899,45901,45903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45890,2668],{"class":58},[52,45892,63],{"class":62},[52,45894,8328],{"class":101},[52,45896,105],{"class":66},[52,45898,757],{"class":756},[52,45900,41957],{"class":760},[52,45902,757],{"class":756},[52,45904,112],{"class":66},[52,45906,45907,45909,45911,45913,45915,45917,45920,45922],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,45908,2696],{"class":58},[52,45910,63],{"class":62},[52,45912,8328],{"class":101},[52,45914,105],{"class":66},[52,45916,757],{"class":756},[52,45918,45919],{"class":760},"Enter another number: ",[52,45921,757],{"class":756},[52,45923,112],{"class":66},[52,45925,45926,45928,45930,45932,45934,45936],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,45927,118],{"class":101},[52,45929,105],{"class":66},[52,45931,2668],{"class":108},[52,45933,2179],{"class":62},[52,45935,2673],{"class":108},[52,45937,112],{"class":66},[20,45939,41211,45940,652,45942,45944,45945,19057,45948,242],{},[15,45941,1595],{},[15,45943,265],{},", the result is ",[15,45946,45947],{},"45",[15,45949,2262],{},[461,45951,45953,45954,45956,45957],{"id":45952},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45955,40794],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45958,2989],{},[20,45960,2324],{},[43,45962,45964],{"className":45,"code":45963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45965,45966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,45967,45968,45970,45972,45974,45976,45978,45980,45982,45984,45986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,45969,21723],{"class":58},[52,45971,63],{"class":62},[52,45973,45361],{"class":1184},[52,45975,105],{"class":66},[52,45977,42546],{"class":101},[52,45979,105],{"class":66},[52,45981,757],{"class":756},[52,45983,45265],{"class":760},[52,45985,757],{"class":756},[52,45987,510],{"class":66},[20,45989,8357,45990,45993,45994,242],{},[15,45991,45992],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45995,40794],{},[20,45997,45998,45999,242],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[236,46000,46002],{"href":46001},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[461,46004,46006],{"id":46005},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,46008,46009],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[43,46011,46013],{"className":45,"code":46012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,46014,46015,46033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46016,46017,46019,46021,46023,46025,46027,46029,46031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46018,7961],{"class":58},[52,46020,63],{"class":62},[52,46022,8328],{"class":101},[52,46024,105],{"class":66},[52,46026,757],{"class":756},[52,46028,44971],{"class":760},[52,46030,757],{"class":756},[52,46032,112],{"class":66},[52,46034,46035,46037,46039,46041,46043,46045],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46036,118],{"class":101},[52,46038,105],{"class":66},[52,46040,41865],{"class":101},[52,46042,105],{"class":66},[52,46044,7751],{"class":108},[52,46046,510],{"class":66},[20,46048,46049],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,46051,46052,46053,1772],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,46054,46055],{},".strip()",[43,46057,46059],{"className":45,"code":46058,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,46060,46061,46083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46062,46063,46065,46067,46069,46071,46073,46075,46077,46079,46081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46064,7961],{"class":58},[52,46066,63],{"class":62},[52,46068,8328],{"class":101},[52,46070,105],{"class":66},[52,46072,757],{"class":756},[52,46074,44971],{"class":760},[52,46076,757],{"class":756},[52,46078,8717],{"class":66},[52,46080,8720],{"class":108},[52,46082,8729],{"class":66},[52,46084,46085,46087,46089,46091],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46086,118],{"class":101},[52,46088,105],{"class":66},[52,46090,7751],{"class":108},[52,46092,112],{"class":66},[45001,46094],{},[38,46096,46098],{"id":46097},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,46100,46101,46102,46104],{},"These habits make ",[15,46103,3067],{}," easier and safer to use.",[153,46106,46107,46110,46115,46118],{},[156,46108,46109],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[156,46111,133,46112,46114],{},[15,46113,46055],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[156,46116,46117],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[156,46119,133,46120,46122],{},[15,46121,29877],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,46124,46125,46126,1772],{},"Example with ",[15,46127,46055],{},[43,46129,46131],{"className":45,"code":46130,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,46132,46133,46157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46134,46135,46138,46140,46142,46144,46146,46149,46151,46153,46155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46136,46137],{"class":58},"city ",[52,46139,63],{"class":62},[52,46141,8328],{"class":101},[52,46143,105],{"class":66},[52,46145,757],{"class":756},[52,46147,46148],{"class":760},"Enter your city: ",[52,46150,757],{"class":756},[52,46152,8717],{"class":66},[52,46154,8720],{"class":108},[52,46156,8729],{"class":66},[52,46158,46159,46161,46163,46165,46168,46170,46172,46174],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46160,118],{"class":101},[52,46162,105],{"class":66},[52,46164,757],{"class":756},[52,46166,46167],{"class":760},"City:",[52,46169,757],{"class":756},[52,46171,74],{"class":66},[52,46173,31480],{"class":108},[52,46175,112],{"class":66},[20,46177,46125,46178,1772],{},[15,46179,29877],{},[43,46181,46183],{"className":45,"code":46182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,46184,46185,46191,46214,46246,46254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46186,46187,46189],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46188,29899],{"class":1195},[52,46190,1689],{"class":66},[52,46192,46193,46196,46198,46200,46202,46204,46206,46208,46210,46212],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46194,46195],{"class":58},"    age ",[52,46197,63],{"class":62},[52,46199,45361],{"class":1184},[52,46201,105],{"class":66},[52,46203,42546],{"class":101},[52,46205,105],{"class":66},[52,46207,757],{"class":756},[52,46209,45265],{"class":760},[52,46211,757],{"class":756},[52,46213,510],{"class":66},[52,46215,46216,46218,46220,46222,46225,46227,46229,46231,46233,46235,46237,46239,46242,46244],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46217,8154],{"class":101},[52,46219,105],{"class":66},[52,46221,757],{"class":756},[52,46223,46224],{"class":760},"You will be",[52,46226,757],{"class":756},[52,46228,74],{"class":66},[52,46230,45543],{"class":108},[52,46232,2179],{"class":62},[52,46234,5586],{"class":70},[52,46236,74],{"class":66},[52,46238,768],{"class":756},[52,46240,46241],{"class":760},"next year",[52,46243,757],{"class":756},[52,46245,112],{"class":66},[52,46247,46248,46250,46252],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,46249,29930],{"class":1195},[52,46251,42012],{"class":1184},[52,46253,1689],{"class":66},[52,46255,46256,46258,46260,46262,46265,46267],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,46257,8154],{"class":101},[52,46259,105],{"class":66},[52,46261,757],{"class":756},[52,46263,46264],{"class":760},"Please enter a whole number.",[52,46266,757],{"class":756},[52,46268,112],{"class":66},[20,46270,46271],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,46273,46274,46275,242],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[236,46276,46278],{"href":46277},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[45001,46280],{},[38,46282,1766],{"id":1765},[20,46284,46285,46286,1772],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,46287,3067],{},[153,46289,46290,46297,46300,46303],{},[156,46291,46292,46293,1943,46295],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,46294,2989],{},[15,46296,2995],{},[156,46298,46299],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[156,46301,46302],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[156,46304,46305],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,46307,32178],{},[43,46309,46311],{"className":45,"code":46310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46312,46313,46323,46337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46314,46315,46317,46319,46321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46316,118],{"class":101},[52,46318,105],{"class":66},[52,46320,2588],{"class":108},[52,46322,112],{"class":66},[52,46324,46325,46327,46329,46331,46333,46335],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46326,118],{"class":101},[52,46328,105],{"class":66},[52,46330,1827],{"class":1184},[52,46332,105],{"class":66},[52,46334,2588],{"class":108},[52,46336,510],{"class":66},[52,46338,46339,46341,46343,46345,46347,46349],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46340,118],{"class":101},[52,46342,105],{"class":66},[52,46344,41865],{"class":101},[52,46346,105],{"class":66},[52,46348,2588],{"class":108},[52,46350,510],{"class":66},[20,46352,46353,46354,46356],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,46355,3067],{}," actually returned:",[153,46358,46359,46364,46369],{},[156,46360,46361,46363],{},[15,46362,41913],{}," shows the value",[156,46365,46366,46368],{},[15,46367,41919],{}," shows the data type",[156,46370,46371,46373],{},[15,46372,41924],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,46375,2324],{},[43,46377,46379],{"className":45,"code":46378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,46380,46381,46400,46410,46424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46382,46383,46385,46387,46389,46391,46393,46396,46398],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46384,2563],{"class":58},[52,46386,63],{"class":62},[52,46388,8328],{"class":101},[52,46390,105],{"class":66},[52,46392,757],{"class":756},[52,46394,46395],{"class":760},"Enter something: ",[52,46397,757],{"class":756},[52,46399,112],{"class":66},[52,46401,46402,46404,46406,46408],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46403,118],{"class":101},[52,46405,105],{"class":66},[52,46407,2588],{"class":108},[52,46409,112],{"class":66},[52,46411,46412,46414,46416,46418,46420,46422],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46413,118],{"class":101},[52,46415,105],{"class":66},[52,46417,1827],{"class":1184},[52,46419,105],{"class":66},[52,46421,2588],{"class":108},[52,46423,510],{"class":66},[52,46425,46426,46428,46430,46432,46434,46436],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,46427,118],{"class":101},[52,46429,105],{"class":66},[52,46431,41865],{"class":101},[52,46433,105],{"class":66},[52,46435,2588],{"class":108},[52,46437,510],{"class":66},[45001,46439],{},[38,46441,1919],{"id":1918},[461,46443,12792,46445,46447],{"id":46444},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,46446,3067],{}," return an integer?",[20,46449,46450,46451,46453,46454,40022],{},"No. ",[15,46452,3067],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,46455,2989],{},[461,46457,46459,46460,1963],{"id":46458},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,46461,3067],{},[20,46463,46464,46465,46467],{},"No. You can call ",[15,46466,3067],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[461,46469,1973,46471,46474,46475,1963],{"id":46470},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,46472,46473],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,46476,3067],{},[20,46478,29156,46479,46481,46482,42241,46484,46486],{},[15,46480,3067],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46483,45791],{},[15,46485,45795],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[461,46488,46490],{"id":46489},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46492,133,46493,46495,46496,242],{},[15,46494,46055],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46497,46498],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[45001,46500],{},[38,46502,1986],{"id":1985},[153,46504,46505,46510,46514,46520,46526,46530],{},[156,46506,46507],{},[236,46508,46509],{"href":46277},"How to get user input in Python",[156,46511,46512],{},[236,46513,9144],{"href":9066},[156,46515,46516],{},[236,46517,13,46518,1999],{"href":2986},[15,46519,2989],{},[156,46521,46522],{},[236,46523,13,46524,1999],{"href":2992},[15,46525,2995],{},[156,46527,46528],{},[236,46529,46002],{"href":46001},[156,46531,46532],{},[236,46533,13,46535,1999],{"href":46534},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46536,46537],{},"print()",[2029,46539,46540],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":46542},[46543,46544,46546,46547,46549,46555,46563,46564,46565,46574],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":45005,"depth":93,"text":46545},"What input() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":45234,"depth":93,"text":46548},"What input() returns",{"id":45437,"depth":93,"text":45438,"children":46550},[46551,46552,46554],{"id":45441,"depth":115,"text":45442},{"id":45494,"depth":115,"text":46553},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45565,"depth":115,"text":45566},{"id":45800,"depth":93,"text":45801,"children":46556},[46557,46559,46560,46562],{"id":45809,"depth":115,"text":46558},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45877,"depth":115,"text":45878},{"id":45952,"depth":115,"text":46561},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":46005,"depth":115,"text":46006},{"id":46097,"depth":93,"text":46098},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":46566},[46567,46569,46571,46573],{"id":46444,"depth":115,"text":46568},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":46458,"depth":115,"text":46570},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":46470,"depth":115,"text":46572},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46489,"depth":115,"text":46490},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":42279,"description":46575},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46582,"title":42182,"body":46583,"description":48893,"extension":2083,"meta":48894,"navigation":296,"path":48895,"seo":48896,"stem":48897,"__hash__":48898},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46584,"toc":48845},[46585,46590,46595,46600,46621,46624,46626,46686,46688,46706,46711,46716,46721,46723,46736,46738,46821,46823,46864,46870,46872,46902,46908,46911,46928,46930,46982,46984,47002,47008,47014,47017,47035,47037,47110,47112,47130,47137,47143,47148,47151,47211,47213,47232,47235,47238,47253,47259,47263,47324,47326,47347,47351,47480,47482,47612,47622,47628,47634,47642,47708,47710,47735,47738,47755,47767,47773,47776,47809,47811,47824,47827,47870,47872,47880,47887,47891,47898,47902,47929,47931,47939,47945,47962,47967,47971,47998,48000,48008,48012,48017,48020,48046,48049,48058,48066,48070,48080,48084,48087,48089,48140,48142,48172,48182,48209,48211,48219,48229,48233,48236,48238,48286,48288,48332,48338,48389,48391,48410,48415,48420,48423,48442,48445,48497,48499,48508,48510,48514,48518,48521,48530,48537,48539,48566,48570,48572,48581,48584,48591,48597,48657,48661,48663,48671,48674,48700,48706,48709,48729,48731,48740,48748,48750,48756,48761,48768,48778,48784,48792,48796,48799,48801,48842],[10,46586,13,46588,18],{"id":46587},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46589,2989],{},[20,46591,32413,46592,46594],{},[15,46593,2989],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46596,35504,46597,46599],{},[15,46598,2989],{}," when they want to:",[153,46601,46602,46612,46615,46618],{},[156,46603,46604,46605,46608,46609],{},"turn text like ",[15,46606,46607],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46610,46611],{},"42",[156,46613,46614],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[156,46616,46617],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[156,46619,46620],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46622,46623],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[38,46625,41],{"id":40},[43,46627,46629],{"className":45,"code":46628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46630,46631,46649,46663],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46632,46633,46635,46637,46639,46641,46643,46645,46647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46634,118],{"class":101},[52,46636,105],{"class":66},[52,46638,1185],{"class":1184},[52,46640,105],{"class":66},[52,46642,757],{"class":756},[52,46644,46611],{"class":760},[52,46646,757],{"class":756},[52,46648,510],{"class":66},[52,46650,46651,46653,46655,46657,46659,46661],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46652,118],{"class":101},[52,46654,105],{"class":66},[52,46656,1185],{"class":1184},[52,46658,105],{"class":66},[52,46660,42070],{"class":70},[52,46662,510],{"class":66},[52,46664,46665,46667,46669,46671,46673,46675,46678,46680,46682,46684],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46666,118],{"class":101},[52,46668,105],{"class":66},[52,46670,1185],{"class":1184},[52,46672,105],{"class":66},[52,46674,757],{"class":756},[52,46676,46677],{"class":760},"101",[52,46679,757],{"class":756},[52,46681,74],{"class":66},[52,46683,77],{"class":70},[52,46685,510],{"class":66},[20,46687,311],{},[43,46689,46691],{"className":45,"code":46690,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46692,46693,46698,46702],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46694,46695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46696,46697],{"class":70},"42\n",[52,46699,46700],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46701,710],{"class":70},[52,46703,46704],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46705,1068],{"class":70},[20,46707,133,46708,46710],{},[15,46709,2989],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[38,46712,140,46714,143],{"id":46713},"what-int-does",[15,46715,2989],{},[20,46717,46718,46720],{},[15,46719,2989],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46722,13141],{},[153,46724,46725,46730,46733],{},[156,46726,46727,46728,7422],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46729,1185],{},[156,46731,46732],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[156,46734,46735],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46737,2324],{},[43,46739,46741],{"className":45,"code":46740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46742,46743,46755,46769,46773,46783,46793,46807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46744,46745,46747,46749,46751,46753],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46746,34785],{"class":58},[52,46748,63],{"class":62},[52,46750,768],{"class":756},[52,46752,9278],{"class":760},[52,46754,3465],{"class":756},[52,46756,46757,46759,46761,46763,46765,46767],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46758,2334],{"class":58},[52,46760,63],{"class":62},[52,46762,45361],{"class":1184},[52,46764,105],{"class":66},[52,46766,34806],{"class":108},[52,46768,112],{"class":66},[52,46770,46771],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46772,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,46774,46775,46777,46779,46781],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,46776,118],{"class":101},[52,46778,105],{"class":66},[52,46780,34806],{"class":108},[52,46782,112],{"class":66},[52,46784,46785,46787,46789,46791],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,46786,118],{"class":101},[52,46788,105],{"class":66},[52,46790,2357],{"class":108},[52,46792,112],{"class":66},[52,46794,46795,46797,46799,46801,46803,46805],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,46796,118],{"class":101},[52,46798,105],{"class":66},[52,46800,1827],{"class":1184},[52,46802,105],{"class":66},[52,46804,34806],{"class":108},[52,46806,510],{"class":66},[52,46808,46809,46811,46813,46815,46817,46819],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,46810,118],{"class":101},[52,46812,105],{"class":66},[52,46814,1827],{"class":1184},[52,46816,105],{"class":66},[52,46818,2357],{"class":108},[52,46820,510],{"class":66},[20,46822,311],{},[43,46824,46826],{"className":45,"code":46825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46827,46828,46832,46836,46850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46829,46830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46831,2822],{"class":70},[52,46833,46834],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46835,2822],{"class":70},[52,46837,46838,46840,46842,46844,46846,46848],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46839,3395],{"class":62},[52,46841,3398],{"class":2184},[52,46843,3401],{"class":756},[52,46845,3550],{"class":760},[52,46847,3406],{"class":756},[52,46849,3409],{"class":62},[52,46851,46852,46854,46856,46858,46860,46862],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,46853,3395],{"class":62},[52,46855,3398],{"class":2184},[52,46857,3401],{"class":756},[52,46859,1185],{"class":760},[52,46861,3406],{"class":756},[52,46863,3409],{"class":62},[20,46865,46866,46867,46869],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46868,2989],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[38,46871,181],{"id":180},[43,46873,46875],{"className":45,"code":46874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46876,46877,46887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46878,46879,46881,46883,46885],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46880,1185],{"class":1184},[52,46882,105],{"class":66},[52,46884,1190],{"class":108},[52,46886,112],{"class":66},[52,46888,46889,46891,46893,46895,46897,46900],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46890,1185],{"class":1184},[52,46892,105],{"class":66},[52,46894,1190],{"class":108},[52,46896,74],{"class":66},[52,46898,46899],{"class":108}," base",[52,46901,112],{"class":66},[461,46903,46905],{"id":46904},"intx",[15,46906,46907],{},"int(x)",[20,46909,46910],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[153,46912,46913,46918,46923],{},[156,46914,46915,46916],{},"a string such as ",[15,46917,42212],{},[156,46919,46920,46921],{},"a float such as ",[15,46922,42070],{},[156,46924,46925,46926],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46927,173],{},[20,46929,2324],{},[43,46931,46933],{"className":45,"code":46932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46934,46935,46953,46968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46936,46937,46939,46941,46943,46945,46947,46949,46951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46938,118],{"class":101},[52,46940,105],{"class":66},[52,46942,1185],{"class":1184},[52,46944,105],{"class":66},[52,46946,757],{"class":756},[52,46948,430],{"class":760},[52,46950,757],{"class":756},[52,46952,510],{"class":66},[52,46954,46955,46957,46959,46961,46963,46966],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46956,118],{"class":101},[52,46958,105],{"class":66},[52,46960,1185],{"class":1184},[52,46962,105],{"class":66},[52,46964,46965],{"class":70},"8.7",[52,46967,510],{"class":66},[52,46969,46970,46972,46974,46976,46978,46980],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,46971,118],{"class":101},[52,46973,105],{"class":66},[52,46975,1185],{"class":1184},[52,46977,105],{"class":66},[52,46979,173],{"class":674},[52,46981,510],{"class":66},[20,46983,311],{},[43,46985,46987],{"className":45,"code":46986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46988,46989,46993,46997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,46990,46991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,46992,515],{"class":70},[52,46994,46995],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,46996,2498],{"class":70},[52,46998,46999],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47000,47001],{"class":70},"1\n",[461,47003,47005],{"id":47004},"intx-base",[15,47006,47007],{},"int(x, base)",[20,47009,47010,47011,47013],{},"Use this form when ",[15,47012,1190],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,47015,47016],{},"Common bases:",[153,47018,47019,47024,47029],{},[156,47020,47021,47023],{},[15,47022,440],{}," for binary",[156,47025,47026,47028],{},[15,47027,2463],{}," for octal",[156,47030,47031,47034],{},[15,47032,47033],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,47036,2324],{},[43,47038,47040],{"className":45,"code":47039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47041,47042,47064,47087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47043,47044,47046,47048,47050,47052,47054,47056,47058,47060,47062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47045,118],{"class":101},[52,47047,105],{"class":66},[52,47049,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47051,105],{"class":66},[52,47053,757],{"class":756},[52,47055,46677],{"class":760},[52,47057,757],{"class":756},[52,47059,74],{"class":66},[52,47061,77],{"class":70},[52,47063,510],{"class":66},[52,47065,47066,47068,47070,47072,47074,47076,47079,47081,47083,47085],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47067,118],{"class":101},[52,47069,105],{"class":66},[52,47071,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47073,105],{"class":66},[52,47075,757],{"class":756},[52,47077,47078],{"class":760},"17",[52,47080,757],{"class":756},[52,47082,74],{"class":66},[52,47084,6445],{"class":70},[52,47086,510],{"class":66},[52,47088,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099,47102,47104,47106,47108],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47090,118],{"class":101},[52,47092,105],{"class":66},[52,47094,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47096,105],{"class":66},[52,47098,757],{"class":756},[52,47100,47101],{"class":760},"1A",[52,47103,757],{"class":756},[52,47105,74],{"class":66},[52,47107,14078],{"class":70},[52,47109,510],{"class":66},[20,47111,311],{},[43,47113,47115],{"className":45,"code":47114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,47116,47117,47121,47125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47118,47119],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47120,1068],{"class":70},[52,47122,47123],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47124,627],{"class":70},[52,47126,47127],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47128,47129],{"class":70},"26\n",[20,47131,47132,47133,242],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[236,47134,47135,2421],{"href":2992},[15,47136,2995],{},[38,47138,1372,47140,47142],{"id":47139},"using-int-with-strings",[15,47141,2989],{}," with strings",[20,47144,47145,47147],{},[15,47146,2989],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,47149,47150],{},"Examples that work:",[43,47152,47154],{"className":45,"code":47153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,47155,47156,47174,47192],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47157,47158,47160,47162,47164,47166,47168,47170,47172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47159,118],{"class":101},[52,47161,105],{"class":66},[52,47163,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47165,105],{"class":66},[52,47167,757],{"class":756},[52,47169,265],{"class":760},[52,47171,757],{"class":756},[52,47173,510],{"class":66},[52,47175,47176,47178,47180,47182,47184,47186,47188,47190],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47177,118],{"class":101},[52,47179,105],{"class":66},[52,47181,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47183,105],{"class":66},[52,47185,757],{"class":756},[52,47187,2410],{"class":760},[52,47189,757],{"class":756},[52,47191,510],{"class":66},[52,47193,47194,47196,47198,47200,47202,47204,47207,47209],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47195,118],{"class":101},[52,47197,105],{"class":66},[52,47199,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47201,105],{"class":66},[52,47203,757],{"class":756},[52,47205,47206],{"class":760},"  42  ",[52,47208,757],{"class":756},[52,47210,510],{"class":66},[20,47212,311],{},[43,47214,47216],{"className":45,"code":47215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,47217,47218,47222,47228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47219,47220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47221,1068],{"class":70},[52,47223,47224,47226],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47225,2142],{"class":62},[52,47227,2342],{"class":70},[52,47229,47230],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47231,46697],{"class":70},[20,47233,47234],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,47236,47237],{},"Examples that fail:",[43,47239,47241],{"className":45,"code":47240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,47242,47243,47248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47244,47245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47246,47247],{"class":129},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[52,47249,47250],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47251,47252],{"class":129},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,47254,47255,47256,47258],{},"These raise ",[15,47257,40794],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[461,47260,47262],{"id":47261},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[43,47264,47266],{"className":45,"code":47265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,47267,47268,47286,47305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47269,47270,47272,47274,47276,47278,47280,47282,47284],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47271,118],{"class":101},[52,47273,105],{"class":66},[52,47275,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47277,105],{"class":66},[52,47279,757],{"class":756},[52,47281,207],{"class":760},[52,47283,757],{"class":756},[52,47285,510],{"class":66},[52,47287,47288,47290,47292,47294,47296,47298,47301,47303],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47289,118],{"class":101},[52,47291,105],{"class":66},[52,47293,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47295,105],{"class":66},[52,47297,757],{"class":756},[52,47299,47300],{"class":760},"+7",[52,47302,757],{"class":756},[52,47304,510],{"class":66},[52,47306,47307,47309,47311,47313,47315,47317,47320,47322],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47308,118],{"class":101},[52,47310,105],{"class":66},[52,47312,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47314,105],{"class":66},[52,47316,757],{"class":756},[52,47318,47319],{"class":760},"-100",[52,47321,757],{"class":756},[52,47323,510],{"class":66},[20,47325,311],{},[43,47327,47329],{"className":45,"code":47328,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,47330,47331,47336,47340],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47332,47333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47334,47335],{"class":70},"0\n",[52,47337,47338],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47339,2199],{"class":70},[52,47341,47342,47344],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47343,2142],{"class":62},[52,47345,47346],{"class":70},"100\n",[461,47348,47350],{"id":47349},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[43,47352,47354],{"className":45,"code":47353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,47355,47356,47394,47398,47410,47417,47432,47447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47357,47358,47360,47362,47364,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374,47377,47379,47381,47383,47385,47387,47390,47392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47359,474],{"class":58},[52,47361,63],{"class":62},[52,47363,67],{"class":66},[52,47365,757],{"class":756},[52,47367,40235],{"class":760},[52,47369,757],{"class":756},[52,47371,74],{"class":66},[52,47373,768],{"class":756},[52,47375,47376],{"class":760},"12abc",[52,47378,757],{"class":756},[52,47380,74],{"class":66},[52,47382,6212],{"class":756},[52,47384,74],{"class":66},[52,47386,768],{"class":756},[52,47388,47389],{"class":760},"seven",[52,47391,757],{"class":756},[52,47393,90],{"class":66},[52,47395,47396],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47397,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,47399,47400,47402,47404,47406,47408],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47401,1678],{"class":1195},[52,47403,21679],{"class":58},[52,47405,1202],{"class":1195},[52,47407,1205],{"class":58},[52,47409,1689],{"class":66},[52,47411,47412,47415],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,47413,47414],{"class":1195},"    try",[52,47416,1689],{"class":66},[52,47418,47419,47422,47424,47426,47428,47430],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,47420,47421],{"class":101},"        print",[52,47423,105],{"class":66},[52,47425,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47427,105],{"class":66},[52,47429,2588],{"class":108},[52,47431,510],{"class":66},[52,47433,47434,47437,47439,47442,47445],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,47435,47436],{"class":1195},"    except",[52,47438,42012],{"class":1184},[52,47440,47441],{"class":1195}," as",[52,47443,47444],{"class":58}," error",[52,47446,1689],{"class":66},[52,47448,47449,47451,47453,47455,47457,47459,47461,47464,47466,47469,47471,47474,47476,47478],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,47450,47421],{"class":101},[52,47452,105],{"class":66},[52,47454,22389],{"class":2184},[52,47456,757],{"class":760},[52,47458,9363],{"class":70},[52,47460,2588],{"class":108},[52,47462,47463],{"class":2184},"!r",[52,47465,22398],{"class":70},[52,47467,47468],{"class":760}," -> ",[52,47470,9363],{"class":70},[52,47472,47473],{"class":108},"error",[52,47475,22398],{"class":70},[52,47477,757],{"class":760},[52,47479,112],{"class":66},[20,47481,311],{},[43,47483,47485],{"className":45,"code":47484,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47486,47487,47523,47555,47580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47488,47489,47491,47493,47495,47498,47501,47503,47505,47507,47510,47513,47515,47517,47519,47521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47490,3406],{"class":43412},[52,47492,40235],{"class":43416},[52,47494,3406],{"class":43412},[52,47496,47497],{"class":37461}," ->",[52,47499,47500],{"class":58}," invalid literal ",[52,47502,1678],{"class":1195},[52,47504,45361],{"class":1184},[52,47506,7448],{"class":66},[52,47508,47509],{"class":1195}," with",[52,47511,47512],{"class":58}," base ",[52,47514,430],{"class":70},[52,47516,1772],{"class":66},[52,47518,3401],{"class":756},[52,47520,40235],{"class":760},[52,47522,29795],{"class":756},[52,47524,47525,47527,47529,47531,47533,47535,47537,47539,47541,47543,47545,47547,47549,47551,47553],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47526,3406],{"class":756},[52,47528,47376],{"class":760},[52,47530,3406],{"class":756},[52,47532,47497],{"class":37461},[52,47534,47500],{"class":58},[52,47536,1678],{"class":1195},[52,47538,45361],{"class":1184},[52,47540,7448],{"class":66},[52,47542,47509],{"class":1195},[52,47544,47512],{"class":58},[52,47546,430],{"class":70},[52,47548,1772],{"class":66},[52,47550,3401],{"class":756},[52,47552,47376],{"class":760},[52,47554,29795],{"class":756},[52,47556,47557,47559,47561,47563,47565,47567,47569,47571,47573,47575,47577],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47558,3873],{"class":756},[52,47560,47497],{"class":37461},[52,47562,47500],{"class":58},[52,47564,1678],{"class":1195},[52,47566,45361],{"class":1184},[52,47568,7448],{"class":66},[52,47570,47509],{"class":1195},[52,47572,47512],{"class":58},[52,47574,430],{"class":70},[52,47576,1772],{"class":66},[52,47578,47579],{"class":756}," ''\n",[52,47581,47582,47584,47586,47588,47590,47592,47594,47596,47598,47600,47602,47604,47606,47608,47610],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,47583,3406],{"class":756},[52,47585,47389],{"class":760},[52,47587,3406],{"class":756},[52,47589,47497],{"class":37461},[52,47591,47500],{"class":58},[52,47593,1678],{"class":1195},[52,47595,45361],{"class":1184},[52,47597,7448],{"class":66},[52,47599,47509],{"class":1195},[52,47601,47512],{"class":58},[52,47603,430],{"class":70},[52,47605,1772],{"class":66},[52,47607,3401],{"class":756},[52,47609,47389],{"class":760},[52,47611,29795],{"class":756},[20,47613,47614,47615,47617,47618,242],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[236,47616,9067],{"href":9066}," and the ",[236,47619,47620,2421],{"href":8305},[15,47621,3067],{},[38,47623,1372,47625,47627],{"id":47624},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47626,2989],{}," with floats",[20,47629,47630,47631,47633],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47632,2989],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47635,47636,47637,14144,47639,47641],{},"Important: ",[15,47638,2989],{},[3842,47640,4722],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[43,47643,47645],{"className":45,"code":47644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47646,47647,47661,47676,47692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47648,47649,47651,47653,47655,47657,47659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47650,118],{"class":101},[52,47652,105],{"class":66},[52,47654,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47656,105],{"class":66},[52,47658,42070],{"class":70},[52,47660,510],{"class":66},[52,47662,47663,47665,47667,47669,47671,47674],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47664,118],{"class":101},[52,47666,105],{"class":66},[52,47668,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47670,105],{"class":66},[52,47672,47673],{"class":70},"3.1",[52,47675,510],{"class":66},[52,47677,47678,47680,47682,47684,47686,47688,47690],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47679,118],{"class":101},[52,47681,105],{"class":66},[52,47683,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47685,105],{"class":66},[52,47687,2142],{"class":62},[52,47689,42070],{"class":70},[52,47691,510],{"class":66},[52,47693,47694,47696,47698,47700,47702,47704,47706],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,47695,118],{"class":101},[52,47697,105],{"class":66},[52,47699,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47701,105],{"class":66},[52,47703,2142],{"class":62},[52,47705,47673],{"class":70},[52,47707,510],{"class":66},[20,47709,311],{},[43,47711,47713],{"className":45,"code":47712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47714,47715,47719,47723,47729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47716,47717],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47718,710],{"class":70},[52,47720,47721],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47722,710],{"class":70},[52,47724,47725,47727],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47726,2142],{"class":62},[52,47728,710],{"class":70},[52,47730,47731,47733],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,47732,2142],{"class":62},[52,47734,710],{"class":70},[20,47736,47737],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[153,47739,47740,47747],{},[156,47741,47742,42241,47745],{},[15,47743,47744],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47746,445],{},[156,47748,47749,42241,47752],{},[15,47750,47751],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47753,47754],{},"-3",[20,47756,47757,47758,47762,47763,242],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[236,47759,47760],{"href":2992},[15,47761,2995],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[236,47764,47765],{"href":859},[15,47766,862],{},[38,47768,1372,47770,47772],{"id":47769},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47771,2989],{}," with booleans",[20,47774,47775],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[43,47777,47779],{"className":45,"code":47778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47780,47781,47795],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47782,47783,47785,47787,47789,47791,47793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47784,118],{"class":101},[52,47786,105],{"class":66},[52,47788,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47790,105],{"class":66},[52,47792,173],{"class":674},[52,47794,510],{"class":66},[52,47796,47797,47799,47801,47803,47805,47807],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47798,118],{"class":101},[52,47800,105],{"class":66},[52,47802,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47804,105],{"class":66},[52,47806,655],{"class":674},[52,47808,510],{"class":66},[20,47810,311],{},[43,47812,47814],{"className":45,"code":47813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n0\n",[15,47815,47816,47820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47817,47818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47819,47001],{"class":70},[52,47821,47822],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47823,47335],{"class":70},[20,47825,47826],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[43,47828,47830],{"className":45,"code":47829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47831,47832,47841,47856,47860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47833,47834,47837,47839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47835,47836],{"class":58},"passed ",[52,47838,63],{"class":62},[52,47840,6506],{"class":674},[52,47842,47843,47845,47847,47849,47851,47854],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,47844,96],{"class":58},[52,47846,63],{"class":62},[52,47848,45361],{"class":1184},[52,47850,105],{"class":66},[52,47852,47853],{"class":108},"passed",[52,47855,112],{"class":66},[52,47857,47858],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,47859,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,47861,47862,47864,47866,47868],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,47863,118],{"class":101},[52,47865,105],{"class":66},[52,47867,123],{"class":108},[52,47869,112],{"class":66},[20,47871,311],{},[43,47873,47874],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47875,47876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47877,47878],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47879,47001],{"class":70},[20,47881,47882,47883,242],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[236,47884,47885,2421],{"href":5869},[15,47886,3913],{},[38,47888,47890],{"id":47889},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47892,47893,47894,47897],{},"Use the ",[15,47895,47896],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[461,47899,47901],{"id":47900},"binary-example","Binary example",[43,47903,47905],{"className":45,"code":47904,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47906,47907],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47908,47909,47911,47913,47915,47917,47919,47921,47923,47925,47927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47910,118],{"class":101},[52,47912,105],{"class":66},[52,47914,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47916,105],{"class":66},[52,47918,757],{"class":756},[52,47920,46677],{"class":760},[52,47922,757],{"class":756},[52,47924,74],{"class":66},[52,47926,77],{"class":70},[52,47928,510],{"class":66},[20,47930,311],{},[43,47932,47933],{"className":45,"code":1068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,47934,47935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47936,47937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47938,1068],{"class":70},[20,47940,47941,47944],{},[15,47942,47943],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[153,47946,47947,47952,47957],{},[156,47948,47949],{},[15,47950,47951],{},"1 × 4",[156,47953,47954],{},[15,47955,47956],{},"0 × 2",[156,47958,47959],{},[15,47960,47961],{},"1 × 1",[20,47963,47964,47965,242],{},"So the result is ",[15,47966,265],{},[461,47968,47970],{"id":47969},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[43,47972,47974],{"className":45,"code":47973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47975,47976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,47977,47978,47980,47982,47984,47986,47988,47990,47992,47994,47996],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,47979,118],{"class":101},[52,47981,105],{"class":66},[52,47983,1185],{"class":1184},[52,47985,105],{"class":66},[52,47987,757],{"class":756},[52,47989,47101],{"class":760},[52,47991,757],{"class":756},[52,47993,74],{"class":66},[52,47995,14078],{"class":70},[52,47997,510],{"class":66},[20,47999,311],{},[43,48001,48002],{"className":45,"code":47129,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48003,48004],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48005,48006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48007,47129],{"class":70},[461,48009,48011],{"id":48010},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,48013,2100,48014,48016],{},[15,48015,47896],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,48018,48019],{},"Good:",[43,48021,48022],{"className":45,"code":47904,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48023,48024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48025,48026,48028,48030,48032,48034,48036,48038,48040,48042,48044],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48027,118],{"class":101},[52,48029,105],{"class":66},[52,48031,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48033,105],{"class":66},[52,48035,757],{"class":756},[52,48037,46677],{"class":760},[52,48039,757],{"class":756},[52,48041,74],{"class":66},[52,48043,77],{"class":70},[52,48045,510],{"class":66},[20,48047,48048],{},"Not correct:",[43,48050,48052],{"className":45,"code":48051,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,48053,48054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48055,48056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48057,48051],{"class":129},[20,48059,48060,48061,8687,48063,48065],{},"That causes a ",[15,48062,1979],{},[15,48064,47896],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[38,48067,48069],{"id":48068},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,48071,48072,48073,48075,48076,652,48078,242],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,48074,2989],{}," are ",[15,48077,40794],{},[15,48079,1979],{},[461,48081,48082],{"id":41599},[15,48083,40794],{},[20,48085,48086],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,48088,2324],{},[43,48090,48092],{"className":45,"code":48091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48093,48094,48100,48118,48130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48095,48096,48098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48097,29899],{"class":1195},[52,48099,1689],{"class":66},[52,48101,48102,48104,48106,48108,48110,48112,48114,48116],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,48103,8154],{"class":101},[52,48105,105],{"class":66},[52,48107,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48109,105],{"class":66},[52,48111,757],{"class":756},[52,48113,40235],{"class":760},[52,48115,757],{"class":756},[52,48117,510],{"class":66},[52,48119,48120,48122,48124,48126,48128],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48121,29930],{"class":1195},[52,48123,42012],{"class":1184},[52,48125,47441],{"class":1195},[52,48127,47444],{"class":58},[52,48129,1689],{"class":66},[52,48131,48132,48134,48136,48138],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,48133,8154],{"class":101},[52,48135,105],{"class":66},[52,48137,47473],{"class":108},[52,48139,112],{"class":66},[20,48141,311],{},[43,48143,48145],{"className":45,"code":48144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,48146,48147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48148,48149,48152,48154,48156,48158,48160,48162,48164,48166,48168,48170],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48150,48151],{"class":58},"invalid literal ",[52,48153,1678],{"class":1195},[52,48155,45361],{"class":1184},[52,48157,7448],{"class":66},[52,48159,47509],{"class":1195},[52,48161,47512],{"class":58},[52,48163,430],{"class":70},[52,48165,1772],{"class":66},[52,48167,3401],{"class":756},[52,48169,40235],{"class":760},[52,48171,29795],{"class":756},[20,48173,48174,48175,48178,48179,48181],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,48176,48177],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,48180,2989],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[43,48183,48185],{"className":45,"code":48184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,48186,48187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48188,48189,48191,48193,48195,48197,48199,48201,48203,48205,48207],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48190,118],{"class":101},[52,48192,105],{"class":66},[52,48194,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48196,105],{"class":66},[52,48198,2308],{"class":1184},[52,48200,105],{"class":66},[52,48202,757],{"class":756},[52,48204,40235],{"class":760},[52,48206,757],{"class":756},[52,48208,622],{"class":66},[20,48210,311],{},[43,48212,48213],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48214,48215],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48216,48217],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48218,710],{"class":70},[20,48220,48221,48222,652,48225,242],{},"If you see this often, read ",[236,48223,48224],{"href":988},"how to convert string to int in Python",[236,48226,25774,48227],{"href":46001},[15,48228,46002],{},[461,48230,48231],{"id":41665},[15,48232,1979],{},[20,48234,48235],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,48237,2324],{},[43,48239,48241],{"className":45,"code":48240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48242,48243,48249,48263,48276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48244,48245,48247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48246,29899],{"class":1195},[52,48248,1689],{"class":66},[52,48250,48251,48253,48255,48257,48259,48261],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,48252,8154],{"class":101},[52,48254,105],{"class":66},[52,48256,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48258,105],{"class":66},[52,48260,3878],{"class":674},[52,48262,510],{"class":66},[52,48264,48265,48267,48270,48272,48274],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48266,29930],{"class":1195},[52,48268,48269],{"class":1184}," TypeError",[52,48271,47441],{"class":1195},[52,48273,47444],{"class":58},[52,48275,1689],{"class":66},[52,48277,48278,48280,48282,48284],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,48279,8154],{"class":101},[52,48281,105],{"class":66},[52,48283,47473],{"class":108},[52,48285,112],{"class":66},[20,48287,311],{},[43,48289,48291],{"className":45,"code":48290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,48292,48293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48294,48295,48297,48299,48302,48304,48306,48309,48311,48314,48316,48319,48321,48323,48325,48327,48330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48296,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48298,7448],{"class":66},[52,48300,48301],{"class":58}," argument must be a string",[52,48303,74],{"class":66},[52,48305,44629],{"class":58},[52,48307,48308],{"class":1184},"bytes",[52,48310,2142],{"class":62},[52,48312,48313],{"class":58},"like ",[52,48315,42482],{"class":1184},[52,48317,48318],{"class":62}," or",[52,48320,40930],{"class":58},[52,48322,74],{"class":66},[52,48324,8185],{"class":62},[52,48326,3401],{"class":756},[52,48328,48329],{"class":760},"NoneType",[52,48331,29795],{"class":756},[20,48333,48334,48335,48337],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,48336,47896],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[43,48339,48341],{"className":45,"code":48340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48342,48343,48349,48367,48379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48344,48345,48347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48346,29899],{"class":1195},[52,48348,1689],{"class":66},[52,48350,48351,48353,48355,48357,48359,48361,48363,48365],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,48352,8154],{"class":101},[52,48354,105],{"class":66},[52,48356,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48358,105],{"class":66},[52,48360,46677],{"class":70},[52,48362,74],{"class":66},[52,48364,77],{"class":70},[52,48366,510],{"class":66},[52,48368,48369,48371,48373,48375,48377],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48370,29930],{"class":1195},[52,48372,48269],{"class":1184},[52,48374,47441],{"class":1195},[52,48376,47444],{"class":58},[52,48378,1689],{"class":66},[52,48380,48381,48383,48385,48387],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,48382,8154],{"class":101},[52,48384,105],{"class":66},[52,48386,47473],{"class":108},[52,48388,112],{"class":66},[20,48390,311],{},[43,48392,48394],{"className":45,"code":48393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,48395,48396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48397,48398,48400,48402,48405,48407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48399,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48401,7448],{"class":66},[52,48403,48404],{"class":58}," can",[52,48406,3406],{"class":756},[52,48408,48409],{"class":760},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[38,48411,5054,48413],{"id":48412},"when-to-use-int",[15,48414,2989],{},[20,48416,133,48417,48419],{},[15,48418,2989],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,48421,48422],{},"Common uses:",[153,48424,48425,48431,48434,48437],{},[156,48426,48427,48428,48430],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,48429,3067],{}," into integers",[156,48432,48433],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[156,48435,48436],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[156,48438,48439,48440,36709],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,48441,47896],{},[20,48443,48444],{},"Example with user input:",[43,48446,48448],{"className":45,"code":48447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,48449,48450,48464,48479,48483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48451,48452,48455,48457,48459,48462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48453,48454],{"class":58},"age_text ",[52,48456,63],{"class":62},[52,48458,768],{"class":756},[52,48460,48461],{"class":760},"18",[52,48463,3465],{"class":756},[52,48465,48466,48468,48470,48472,48474,48477],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,48467,21723],{"class":58},[52,48469,63],{"class":62},[52,48471,45361],{"class":1184},[52,48473,105],{"class":66},[52,48475,48476],{"class":108},"age_text",[52,48478,112],{"class":66},[52,48480,48481],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48482,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,48484,48485,48487,48489,48491,48493,48495],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,48486,118],{"class":101},[52,48488,105],{"class":66},[52,48490,21723],{"class":108},[52,48492,2179],{"class":62},[52,48494,5586],{"class":70},[52,48496,112],{"class":66},[20,48498,311],{},[43,48500,48502],{"className":45,"code":48501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19\n",[15,48503,48504],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48505,48506],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48507,48501],{"class":70},[38,48509,1766],{"id":1765},[20,48511,14824,48512,242],{},[15,48513,2989],{},[461,48515,48517],{"id":48516},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48519,48520],{},"This fails:",[43,48522,48524],{"className":45,"code":48523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48525,48526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48527,48528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48529,48523],{"class":129},[20,48531,48532,48533,48536],{},"Why: ",[15,48534,48535],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48538,18934],{},[43,48540,48542],{"className":45,"code":48541,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48543,48544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48545,48546,48548,48550,48552,48554,48556,48558,48560,48562,48564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48547,118],{"class":101},[52,48549,105],{"class":66},[52,48551,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48553,105],{"class":66},[52,48555,2308],{"class":1184},[52,48557,105],{"class":66},[52,48559,757],{"class":756},[52,48561,41214],{"class":760},[52,48563,757],{"class":756},[52,48565,622],{"class":66},[461,48567,48569],{"id":48568},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48571,48520],{},[43,48573,48575],{"className":45,"code":48574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48576,48577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48578,48579],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48580,48574],{"class":129},[20,48582,48583],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[461,48585,48587,48588],{"id":48586},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48589,48590],{},"int(None)",[20,48592,48593,48594,48596],{},"This fails because ",[15,48595,3878],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[43,48598,48600],{"className":45,"code":48599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48601,48602,48611,48615,48621,48635,48647],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48603,48604,48606,48608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48605,2563],{"class":58},[52,48607,63],{"class":62},[52,48609,48610],{"class":674}," None\n",[52,48612,48613],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,48614,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,48616,48617,48619],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48618,29899],{"class":1195},[52,48620,1689],{"class":66},[52,48622,48623,48625,48627,48629,48631,48633],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,48624,8154],{"class":101},[52,48626,105],{"class":66},[52,48628,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48630,105],{"class":66},[52,48632,2588],{"class":108},[52,48634,510],{"class":66},[52,48636,48637,48639,48641,48643,48645],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,48638,29930],{"class":1195},[52,48640,48269],{"class":1184},[52,48642,47441],{"class":1195},[52,48644,47444],{"class":58},[52,48646,1689],{"class":66},[52,48648,48649,48651,48653,48655],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,48650,8154],{"class":101},[52,48652,105],{"class":66},[52,48654,47473],{"class":108},[52,48656,112],{"class":66},[461,48658,48660],{"id":48659},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48662,48520],{},[43,48664,48665],{"className":45,"code":48051,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48666,48667],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48668,48669],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48670,48051],{"class":129},[20,48672,48673],{},"Use a string instead:",[43,48675,48676],{"className":45,"code":47904,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,48677,48678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48679,48680,48682,48684,48686,48688,48690,48692,48694,48696,48698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48681,118],{"class":101},[52,48683,105],{"class":66},[52,48685,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48687,105],{"class":66},[52,48689,757],{"class":756},[52,48691,46677],{"class":760},[52,48693,757],{"class":756},[52,48695,74],{"class":66},[52,48697,77],{"class":70},[52,48699,510],{"class":66},[461,48701,8538,48703,48705],{"id":48702},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48704,2989],{}," to round",[20,48707,48708],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[43,48710,48712],{"className":45,"code":48711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48713,48714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48715,48716,48718,48720,48722,48724,48727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48717,118],{"class":101},[52,48719,105],{"class":66},[52,48721,1185],{"class":1184},[52,48723,105],{"class":66},[52,48725,48726],{"class":70},"4.9",[52,48728,510],{"class":66},[20,48730,311],{},[43,48732,48734],{"className":45,"code":48733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n",[15,48735,48736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48737,48738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48739,48733],{"class":70},[20,48741,3274,48742,48744,48745,48747],{},[15,48743,265],{},", remember that ",[15,48746,2989],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[38,48749,1919],{"id":1918},[461,48751,12792,48753,48755],{"id":48752},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48754,2989],{}," round numbers?",[20,48757,46450,48758,48760],{},[15,48759,2989],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[461,48762,1973,48764,48767],{"id":48763},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48765,48766],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48769,29156,48770,48772,48773,48775,48776,40022],{},[15,48771,48177],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48774,2995],{}," first, then use ",[15,48777,2989],{},[461,48779,1923,48781,12804],{"id":48780},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48782,48783],{},"int(True)",[20,48785,5240,48786,28408,48788,42241,48790,242],{},[15,48787,71],{},[15,48789,655],{},[15,48791,207],{},[461,48793,48795],{"id":48794},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48797,48798],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[38,48800,1986],{"id":1985},[153,48802,48803,48809,48815,48821,48826,48830,48836],{},[156,48804,48805],{},[236,48806,48807,1999],{"href":2992},[15,48808,2995],{},[156,48810,48811],{},[236,48812,48813,1999],{"href":859},[15,48814,862],{},[156,48816,48817],{},[236,48818,48819,1999],{"href":5869},[15,48820,3913],{},[156,48822,48823],{},[236,48824,48825],{"href":988},"How to convert string to int in Python",[156,48827,48828],{},[236,48829,9144],{"href":9066},[156,48831,48832],{},[236,48833,48834,1999],{"href":8305},[15,48835,3067],{},[156,48837,48838],{},[236,48839,30442,48840],{"href":46001},[15,48841,46002],{},[2029,48843,48844],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: 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.sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":48846},[48847,48848,48850,48854,48859,48861,48863,48868,48872,48874,48883,48892],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":46713,"depth":93,"text":48849},"What int() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":48851},[48852,48853],{"id":46904,"depth":115,"text":46907},{"id":47004,"depth":115,"text":47007},{"id":47139,"depth":93,"text":48855,"children":48856},"Using int() with strings",[48857,48858],{"id":47261,"depth":115,"text":47262},{"id":47349,"depth":115,"text":47350},{"id":47624,"depth":93,"text":48860},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47769,"depth":93,"text":48862},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47889,"depth":93,"text":47890,"children":48864},[48865,48866,48867],{"id":47900,"depth":115,"text":47901},{"id":47969,"depth":115,"text":47970},{"id":48010,"depth":115,"text":48011},{"id":48068,"depth":93,"text":48069,"children":48869},[48870,48871],{"id":41599,"depth":115,"text":40794},{"id":41665,"depth":115,"text":1979},{"id":48412,"depth":93,"text":48873},"When to use int()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":48875},[48876,48877,48878,48880,48881],{"id":48516,"depth":115,"text":48517},{"id":48568,"depth":115,"text":48569},{"id":48586,"depth":115,"text":48879},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48659,"depth":115,"text":48660},{"id":48702,"depth":115,"text":48882},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":48884},[48885,48887,48889,48891],{"id":48752,"depth":115,"text":48886},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48763,"depth":115,"text":48888},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48780,"depth":115,"text":48890},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48794,"depth":115,"text":48795},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":42182,"description":48893},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48900,"title":48901,"body":48902,"description":50738,"extension":2083,"meta":50739,"navigation":296,"path":44887,"seo":50740,"stem":50741,"__hash__":50742},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48903,"toc":50694},[48904,48909,48914,48922,48931,48933,48992,48998,49003,49008,49011,49039,49042,49045,49056,49066,49068,49070,49090,49094,49122,49124,49163,49165,49173,49175,49178,49182,49235,49237,49249,49253,49310,49312,49324,49330,49336,49340,49343,49346,49412,49414,49426,49432,49434,49486,49489,49530,49533,49540,49549,49555,49558,49591,49597,49600,49631,49637,49640,49652,49656,49661,49665,49823,49825,49840,49843,49847,49951,49953,49970,49974,50035,50037,50045,50048,50052,50119,50121,50130,50136,50138,50147,50149,50184,50189,50191,50221,50225,50227,50264,50267,50269,50306,50312,50314,50364,50366,50374,50384,50390,50394,50399,50448,50450,50463,50466,50468,50471,50546,50549,50568,50571,50601,50611,50613,50618,50625,50631,50637,50644,50652,50658,50661,50663,50691],[10,48905,13,48907,18],{"id":48906},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48908,44890],{},[20,48910,48911,48913],{},[15,48912,44890],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48915,48916,48917,1943,48919,48921],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48918,173],{},[15,48920,655],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48923,48924,48925,48927,48928,48930],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48926,44890],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48929,2420],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[38,48932,3712],{"id":3711},[43,48934,48936],{"className":45,"code":48935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48937,48938,48946,48950,48971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,48939,48940,48942,48944],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,48941,2563],{"class":58},[52,48943,63],{"class":62},[52,48945,2701],{"class":70},[52,48947,48948],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,48949,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,48951,48952,48954,48956,48959,48961,48963,48965,48967,48969],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,48953,118],{"class":101},[52,48955,105],{"class":66},[52,48957,48958],{"class":101},"isinstance",[52,48960,105],{"class":66},[52,48962,2588],{"class":108},[52,48964,74],{"class":66},[52,48966,45361],{"class":1184},[52,48968,5450],{"class":66},[52,48970,43939],{"class":129},[52,48972,48973,48975,48977,48979,48981,48983,48985,48988,48990],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,48974,118],{"class":101},[52,48976,105],{"class":66},[52,48978,48958],{"class":101},[52,48980,105],{"class":66},[52,48982,2588],{"class":108},[52,48984,74],{"class":66},[52,48986,48987],{"class":1184}," str",[52,48989,5450],{"class":66},[52,48991,43956],{"class":129},[20,48993,133,48994,48997],{},[15,48995,48996],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[38,48999,140,49001,143],{"id":49000},"what-isinstance-does",[15,49002,44890],{},[20,49004,49005,49007],{},[15,49006,44890],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,49009,49010],{},"It:",[153,49012,49013,49016,49022,49025],{},[156,49014,49015],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[156,49017,11513,49018,1943,49020],{},[15,49019,173],{},[15,49021,655],{},[156,49023,49024],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[156,49026,49027,49028,2305,49030,2305,49032,2305,49034,17165,49037],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,49029,3550],{},[15,49031,1185],{},[15,49033,8179],{},[15,49035,49036],{},"tuple",[15,49038,8908],{},[20,49040,49041],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,49043,49044],{},"For example, you might want to:",[153,49046,49047,49050,49053],{},[156,49048,49049],{},"loop through a list",[156,49051,49052],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[156,49054,49055],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,49057,49058,49059,1943,49062,242],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[236,49060,44882],{"href":49061},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[236,49063,49065],{"href":49064},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[38,49067,181],{"id":180},[20,49069,2277],{},[43,49071,49073],{"className":45,"code":49072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,49074,49075],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49076,49077,49079,49081,49083,49085,49088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49078,48958],{"class":101},[52,49080,105],{"class":66},[52,49082,42482],{"class":1184},[52,49084,74],{"class":66},[52,49086,49087],{"class":108}," classinfo",[52,49089,112],{"class":66},[461,49091,49093],{"id":49092},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[153,49095,49096,49101,49115],{},[156,49097,49098,49100],{},[15,49099,42482],{}," is the value you want to test",[156,49102,49103,49106,49107,2305,49109,2305,49111,2309,49113],{},[15,49104,49105],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,49108,1185],{},[15,49110,3550],{},[15,49112,8179],{},[15,49114,8908],{},[156,49116,49117,49118,1943,49120],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,49119,173],{},[15,49121,655],{},[20,49123,2324],{},[43,49125,49127],{"className":45,"code":49126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,49128,49129,49141,49145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49130,49131,49133,49135,49137,49139],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49132,7961],{"class":58},[52,49134,63],{"class":62},[52,49136,768],{"class":756},[52,49138,11597],{"class":760},[52,49140,3465],{"class":756},[52,49142,49143],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49144,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49146,49147,49149,49151,49153,49155,49157,49159,49161],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49148,118],{"class":101},[52,49150,105],{"class":66},[52,49152,48958],{"class":101},[52,49154,105],{"class":66},[52,49156,7751],{"class":108},[52,49158,74],{"class":66},[52,49160,48987],{"class":1184},[52,49162,510],{"class":66},[20,49164,311],{},[43,49166,49167],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49168,49169],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49170,49171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49172,4072],{"class":674},[38,49174,246],{"id":245},[20,49176,49177],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[461,49179,49181],{"id":49180},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[43,49183,49185],{"className":45,"code":49184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,49186,49187,49195,49199,49217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49188,49189,49191,49193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49190,2563],{"class":58},[52,49192,63],{"class":62},[52,49194,45310],{"class":70},[52,49196,49197],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49198,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49200,49201,49203,49205,49207,49209,49211,49213,49215],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49202,118],{"class":101},[52,49204,105],{"class":66},[52,49206,48958],{"class":101},[52,49208,105],{"class":66},[52,49210,2588],{"class":108},[52,49212,74],{"class":66},[52,49214,45361],{"class":1184},[52,49216,510],{"class":66},[52,49218,49219,49221,49223,49225,49227,49229,49231,49233],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,49220,118],{"class":101},[52,49222,105],{"class":66},[52,49224,48958],{"class":101},[52,49226,105],{"class":66},[52,49228,2588],{"class":108},[52,49230,74],{"class":66},[52,49232,48987],{"class":1184},[52,49234,510],{"class":66},[20,49236,311],{},[43,49238,49239],{"className":45,"code":44258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49240,49241,49245],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49242,49243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49244,4072],{"class":674},[52,49246,49247],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49248,4133],{"class":674},[461,49250,49252],{"id":49251},"check-text","Check text",[43,49254,49256],{"className":45,"code":49255,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,49257,49258,49270,49274,49292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49259,49260,49262,49264,49266,49268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49261,34785],{"class":58},[52,49263,63],{"class":62},[52,49265,768],{"class":756},[52,49267,761],{"class":760},[52,49269,3465],{"class":756},[52,49271,49272],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49273,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49275,49276,49278,49280,49282,49284,49286,49288,49290],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49277,118],{"class":101},[52,49279,105],{"class":66},[52,49281,48958],{"class":101},[52,49283,105],{"class":66},[52,49285,34806],{"class":108},[52,49287,74],{"class":66},[52,49289,48987],{"class":1184},[52,49291,510],{"class":66},[52,49293,49294,49296,49298,49300,49302,49304,49306,49308],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,49295,118],{"class":101},[52,49297,105],{"class":66},[52,49299,48958],{"class":101},[52,49301,105],{"class":66},[52,49303,34806],{"class":108},[52,49305,74],{"class":66},[52,49307,45361],{"class":1184},[52,49309,510],{"class":66},[20,49311,311],{},[43,49313,49314],{"className":45,"code":44258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49315,49316,49320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49317,49318],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49319,4072],{"class":674},[52,49321,49322],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49323,4133],{"class":674},[20,49325,49326,49327,49329],{},"In both examples, ",[15,49328,44890],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,49331,49332,49333,242],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[236,49334,49335],{"href":988},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[38,49337,49339],{"id":49338},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,49341,49342],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,49344,49345],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[43,49347,49349],{"className":45,"code":49348,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,49350,49351,49360,49364,49388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49352,49353,49355,49357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49354,2563],{"class":58},[52,49356,63],{"class":62},[52,49358,49359],{"class":70}," 3.5\n",[52,49361,49362],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49363,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49365,49366,49368,49370,49372,49374,49376,49378,49380,49382,49384,49386],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49367,118],{"class":101},[52,49369,105],{"class":66},[52,49371,48958],{"class":101},[52,49373,105],{"class":66},[52,49375,2588],{"class":108},[52,49377,74],{"class":66},[52,49379,9321],{"class":66},[52,49381,1185],{"class":1184},[52,49383,74],{"class":66},[52,49385,40347],{"class":1184},[52,49387,622],{"class":66},[52,49389,49390,49392,49394,49396,49398,49400,49402,49404,49406,49408,49410],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,49391,118],{"class":101},[52,49393,105],{"class":66},[52,49395,48958],{"class":101},[52,49397,105],{"class":66},[52,49399,2588],{"class":108},[52,49401,74],{"class":66},[52,49403,9321],{"class":66},[52,49405,3550],{"class":1184},[52,49407,74],{"class":66},[52,49409,22655],{"class":1184},[52,49411,622],{"class":66},[20,49413,311],{},[43,49415,49416],{"className":45,"code":44258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,49417,49418,49422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49419,49420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49421,4072],{"class":674},[52,49423,49424],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49425,4133],{"class":674},[20,49427,49428,49429,49431],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,49430,40927],{}," conditions.",[20,49433,8384],{},[43,49435,49437],{"className":45,"code":49436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,49438,49439,49447,49451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49440,49441,49443,49445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49442,2563],{"class":58},[52,49444,63],{"class":62},[52,49446,49359],{"class":70},[52,49448,49449],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49450,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49452,49453,49455,49457,49459,49461,49463,49465,49467,49469,49471,49474,49476,49478,49480,49482,49484],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49454,118],{"class":101},[52,49456,105],{"class":66},[52,49458,1827],{"class":1184},[52,49460,105],{"class":66},[52,49462,2588],{"class":108},[52,49464,126],{"class":66},[52,49466,6492],{"class":62},[52,49468,45361],{"class":1184},[52,49470,48318],{"class":1195},[52,49472,49473],{"class":1184}," type",[52,49475,105],{"class":66},[52,49477,2588],{"class":108},[52,49479,126],{"class":66},[52,49481,6492],{"class":62},[52,49483,40347],{"class":1184},[52,49485,112],{"class":66},[20,49487,49488],{},"you can write this:",[43,49490,49492],{"className":45,"code":49491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49493,49494,49502,49506],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49495,49496,49498,49500],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49497,2563],{"class":58},[52,49499,63],{"class":62},[52,49501,49359],{"class":70},[52,49503,49504],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49505,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49507,49508,49510,49512,49514,49516,49518,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49509,118],{"class":101},[52,49511,105],{"class":66},[52,49513,48958],{"class":101},[52,49515,105],{"class":66},[52,49517,2588],{"class":108},[52,49519,74],{"class":66},[52,49521,9321],{"class":66},[52,49523,1185],{"class":1184},[52,49525,74],{"class":66},[52,49527,40347],{"class":1184},[52,49529,622],{"class":66},[20,49531,49532],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[38,49534,49536,10672,49538],{"id":49535},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49537,44890],{},[15,49539,2420],{},[20,49541,10677,49542,652,49544,49548],{},[15,49543,44890],{},[236,49545,49546],{"href":2417},[15,49547,2420],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[461,49550,49552],{"id":49551},"typevalue-int",[15,49553,49554],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49556,49557],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[43,49559,49561],{"className":45,"code":49560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49562,49563,49571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49564,49565,49567,49569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49566,2563],{"class":58},[52,49568,63],{"class":62},[52,49570,2701],{"class":70},[52,49572,49573,49575,49577,49579,49581,49583,49585,49587,49589],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49574,118],{"class":101},[52,49576,105],{"class":66},[52,49578,1827],{"class":1184},[52,49580,105],{"class":66},[52,49582,2588],{"class":108},[52,49584,126],{"class":66},[52,49586,6492],{"class":62},[52,49588,45361],{"class":1184},[52,49590,112],{"class":66},[461,49592,49594],{"id":49593},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49595,49596],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49598,49599],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[43,49601,49603],{"className":45,"code":49602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49604,49605,49613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49606,49607,49609,49611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49608,2563],{"class":58},[52,49610,63],{"class":62},[52,49612,2701],{"class":70},[52,49614,49615,49617,49619,49621,49623,49625,49627,49629],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49616,118],{"class":101},[52,49618,105],{"class":66},[52,49620,48958],{"class":101},[52,49622,105],{"class":66},[52,49624,2588],{"class":108},[52,49626,74],{"class":66},[52,49628,45361],{"class":1184},[52,49630,510],{"class":66},[20,49632,49633,49634,49636],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49635,44890],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49638,49639],{},"In everyday code:",[153,49641,49642,49647],{},[156,49643,40083,49644,49646],{},[15,49645,2420],{}," when you need the exact type",[156,49648,40083,49649,49651],{},[15,49650,44890],{}," when you want a practical type check",[38,49653,49655],{"id":49654},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49657,49658,49659,242],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49660,44890],{},[461,49662,49664],{"id":49663},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[43,49666,49668],{"className":45,"code":49667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49669,49670,49688,49707,49719,49724,49742,49753,49757,49769,49773,49797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49671,49672,49674,49677,49679,49681,49683,49686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49673,34949],{"class":2184},[52,49675,49676],{"class":34952}," repeat_text",[52,49678,105],{"class":66},[52,49680,34806],{"class":37756},[52,49682,74],{"class":66},[52,49684,49685],{"class":37756}," count",[52,49687,8428],{"class":66},[52,49689,49690,49692,49694,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49691,6482],{"class":1195},[52,49693,8185],{"class":62},[52,49695,49696],{"class":101}," isinstance",[52,49698,105],{"class":66},[52,49700,34806],{"class":108},[52,49702,74],{"class":66},[52,49704,48987],{"class":1184},[52,49706,8428],{"class":66},[52,49708,49709,49712,49714,49717],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49710,49711],{"class":1195},"        return",[52,49713,768],{"class":756},[52,49715,49716],{"class":760},"text must be a string",[52,49718,3465],{"class":756},[52,49720,49721],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,49722,49723],{"class":58},"    \n",[52,49725,49726,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,49727,6482],{"class":1195},[52,49729,8185],{"class":62},[52,49731,49696],{"class":101},[52,49733,105],{"class":66},[52,49735,41347],{"class":108},[52,49737,74],{"class":66},[52,49739,45361],{"class":1184},[52,49741,8428],{"class":66},[52,49743,49744,49746,49748,49751],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,49745,49711],{"class":1195},[52,49747,768],{"class":756},[52,49749,49750],{"class":760},"count must be an integer",[52,49752,3465],{"class":756},[52,49754,49755],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,49756,49723],{"class":58},[52,49758,49759,49761,49764,49766],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,49760,34960],{"class":1195},[52,49762,49763],{"class":58}," text ",[52,49765,39965],{"class":62},[52,49767,49768],{"class":58}," count\n",[52,49770,49771],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,49772,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49774,49775,49777,49779,49782,49784,49786,49789,49791,49793,49795],{"class":54,"line":6520},[52,49776,118],{"class":101},[52,49778,105],{"class":66},[52,49780,49781],{"class":108},"repeat_text",[52,49783,105],{"class":66},[52,49785,757],{"class":756},[52,49787,49788],{"class":760},"Hi ",[52,49790,757],{"class":756},[52,49792,74],{"class":66},[52,49794,82],{"class":70},[52,49796,510],{"class":66},[52,49798,49799,49801,49803,49805,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821],{"class":54,"line":11683},[52,49800,118],{"class":101},[52,49802,105],{"class":66},[52,49804,49781],{"class":108},[52,49806,105],{"class":66},[52,49808,757],{"class":756},[52,49810,49788],{"class":760},[52,49812,757],{"class":756},[52,49814,74],{"class":66},[52,49816,768],{"class":756},[52,49818,445],{"class":760},[52,49820,757],{"class":756},[52,49822,510],{"class":66},[20,49824,311],{},[43,49826,49828],{"className":45,"code":49827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49829,49830,49835],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49831,49832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49833,49834],{"class":58},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[52,49836,49837],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49838,49839],{"class":58},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49841,49842],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[461,49844,49846],{"id":49845},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[43,49848,49850],{"className":45,"code":49849,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49851,49852,49884,49888,49904,49919,49936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49853,49854,49856,49858,49860,49862,49864,49866,49868,49870,49872,49874,49876,49878,49880,49882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49855,2563],{"class":58},[52,49857,63],{"class":62},[52,49859,67],{"class":66},[52,49861,757],{"class":756},[52,49863,236],{"class":760},[52,49865,757],{"class":756},[52,49867,74],{"class":66},[52,49869,768],{"class":756},[52,49871,4853],{"class":760},[52,49873,757],{"class":756},[52,49875,74],{"class":66},[52,49877,768],{"class":756},[52,49879,9825],{"class":760},[52,49881,757],{"class":756},[52,49883,90],{"class":66},[52,49885,49886],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49887,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49889,49890,49892,49894,49896,49898,49900,49902],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49891,7079],{"class":1195},[52,49893,49696],{"class":101},[52,49895,105],{"class":66},[52,49897,2588],{"class":108},[52,49899,74],{"class":66},[52,49901,48987],{"class":1184},[52,49903,8428],{"class":66},[52,49905,49906,49908,49910,49912,49915,49917],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,49907,8154],{"class":101},[52,49909,105],{"class":66},[52,49911,757],{"class":756},[52,49913,49914],{"class":760},"This is text",[52,49916,757],{"class":756},[52,49918,112],{"class":66},[52,49920,49921,49924,49926,49928,49930,49932,49934],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,49922,49923],{"class":1195},"elif",[52,49925,49696],{"class":101},[52,49927,105],{"class":66},[52,49929,2588],{"class":108},[52,49931,74],{"class":66},[52,49933,22655],{"class":1184},[52,49935,8428],{"class":66},[52,49937,49938,49940,49942,49944,49947,49949],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,49939,8154],{"class":101},[52,49941,105],{"class":66},[52,49943,757],{"class":756},[52,49945,49946],{"class":760},"This is a list",[52,49948,757],{"class":756},[52,49950,112],{"class":66},[20,49952,311],{},[43,49954,49956],{"className":45,"code":49955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a list\n",[15,49957,49958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49959,49960,49963,49965,49967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49961,49962],{"class":58},"This ",[52,49964,12281],{"class":62},[52,49966,44629],{"class":58},[52,49968,49969],{"class":1184},"list\n",[461,49971,49973],{"id":49972},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[43,49975,49977],{"className":45,"code":49976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49978,49979,49991,49995,50011,50025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,49980,49981,49983,49985,49987,49989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,49982,2563],{"class":58},[52,49984,63],{"class":62},[52,49986,768],{"class":756},[52,49988,46611],{"class":760},[52,49990,3465],{"class":756},[52,49992,49993],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,49994,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,49996,49997,49999,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,49998,7079],{"class":1195},[52,50000,49696],{"class":101},[52,50002,105],{"class":66},[52,50004,2588],{"class":108},[52,50006,74],{"class":66},[52,50008,48987],{"class":1184},[52,50010,8428],{"class":66},[52,50012,50013,50015,50017,50019,50021,50023],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,50014,41976],{"class":58},[52,50016,63],{"class":62},[52,50018,45361],{"class":1184},[52,50020,105],{"class":66},[52,50022,2588],{"class":108},[52,50024,112],{"class":66},[52,50026,50027,50029,50031,50033],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,50028,8154],{"class":101},[52,50030,105],{"class":66},[52,50032,2357],{"class":108},[52,50034,112],{"class":66},[20,50036,311],{},[43,50038,50039],{"className":45,"code":46697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50040,50041],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50042,50043],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50044,46697],{"class":70},[20,50046,50047],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[461,50049,50051],{"id":50050},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[43,50053,50055],{"className":45,"code":50054,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,50056,50057,50081,50085,50101],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50058,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067,50069,50071,50073,50075,50077,50079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50060,2563],{"class":58},[52,50062,63],{"class":62},[52,50064,10577],{"class":66},[52,50066,757],{"class":756},[52,50068,7751],{"class":760},[52,50070,757],{"class":756},[52,50072,1772],{"class":66},[52,50074,768],{"class":756},[52,50076,12969],{"class":760},[52,50078,757],{"class":756},[52,50080,9394],{"class":66},[52,50082,50083],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50084,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,50086,50087,50089,50091,50093,50095,50097,50099],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50088,7079],{"class":1195},[52,50090,49696],{"class":101},[52,50092,105],{"class":66},[52,50094,2588],{"class":108},[52,50096,74],{"class":66},[52,50098,9256],{"class":1184},[52,50100,8428],{"class":66},[52,50102,50103,50105,50107,50109,50111,50113,50115,50117],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,50104,8154],{"class":101},[52,50106,105],{"class":66},[52,50108,2588],{"class":108},[52,50110,3994],{"class":66},[52,50112,757],{"class":756},[52,50114,7751],{"class":760},[52,50116,757],{"class":756},[52,50118,1858],{"class":66},[20,50120,311],{},[43,50122,50124],{"className":45,"code":50123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n",[15,50125,50126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50127,50128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50129,50123],{"class":58},[20,50131,50132,50133,50135],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,50134,1979],{}," messages later.",[38,50137,4610],{"id":4609},[461,50139,50141,50142,11180,50145],{"id":50140},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,50143,50144],{},"\"int\"",[15,50146,1185],{},[20,50148,16736],{},[43,50150,50152],{"className":45,"code":50151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,50153,50154,50162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50155,50156,50158,50160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50157,2563],{"class":58},[52,50159,63],{"class":62},[52,50161,2701],{"class":70},[52,50163,50164,50166,50168,50170,50172,50174,50176,50178,50180,50182],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50165,118],{"class":101},[52,50167,105],{"class":66},[52,50169,48958],{"class":101},[52,50171,105],{"class":66},[52,50173,2588],{"class":108},[52,50175,74],{"class":66},[52,50177,768],{"class":756},[52,50179,1185],{"class":760},[52,50181,757],{"class":756},[52,50183,510],{"class":66},[20,50185,50186,50188],{},[15,50187,50144],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,50190,16748],{},[43,50192,50193],{"className":45,"code":49602,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50194,50195,50203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50196,50197,50199,50201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50198,2563],{"class":58},[52,50200,63],{"class":62},[52,50202,2701],{"class":70},[52,50204,50205,50207,50209,50211,50213,50215,50217,50219],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50206,118],{"class":101},[52,50208,105],{"class":66},[52,50210,48958],{"class":101},[52,50212,105],{"class":66},[52,50214,2588],{"class":108},[52,50216,74],{"class":66},[52,50218,45361],{"class":1184},[52,50220,510],{"class":66},[461,50222,50224],{"id":50223},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,50226,16736],{},[43,50228,50230],{"className":45,"code":50229,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,50231,50232,50240],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50233,50234,50236,50238],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50235,2563],{"class":58},[52,50237,63],{"class":62},[52,50239,34940],{"class":70},[52,50241,50242,50244,50246,50248,50250,50252,50254,50256,50258,50260,50262],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50243,118],{"class":101},[52,50245,105],{"class":66},[52,50247,48958],{"class":101},[52,50249,105],{"class":66},[52,50251,2588],{"class":108},[52,50253,74],{"class":66},[52,50255,67],{"class":66},[52,50257,1185],{"class":1184},[52,50259,74],{"class":66},[52,50261,40347],{"class":1184},[52,50263,1063],{"class":66},[20,50265,50266],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,50268,16748],{},[43,50270,50272],{"className":45,"code":50271,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,50273,50274,50282],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50275,50276,50278,50280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50277,2563],{"class":58},[52,50279,63],{"class":62},[52,50281,34940],{"class":70},[52,50283,50284,50286,50288,50290,50292,50294,50296,50298,50300,50302,50304],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50285,118],{"class":101},[52,50287,105],{"class":66},[52,50289,48958],{"class":101},[52,50291,105],{"class":66},[52,50293,2588],{"class":108},[52,50295,74],{"class":66},[52,50297,9321],{"class":66},[52,50299,1185],{"class":1184},[52,50301,74],{"class":66},[52,50303,40347],{"class":1184},[52,50305,622],{"class":66},[461,50307,25869,50309,50311],{"id":50308},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,50310,44890],{}," converts a value",[20,50313,19007],{},[43,50315,50317],{"className":45,"code":50316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,50318,50319,50332,50350,50354],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50320,50321,50323,50325,50327,50330],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50322,2563],{"class":58},[52,50324,63],{"class":62},[52,50326,768],{"class":756},[52,50328,50329],{"class":760},"123",[52,50331,3465],{"class":756},[52,50333,50334,50336,50338,50340,50342,50344,50346,50348],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50335,2347],{"class":58},[52,50337,63],{"class":62},[52,50339,49696],{"class":101},[52,50341,105],{"class":66},[52,50343,2588],{"class":108},[52,50345,74],{"class":66},[52,50347,45361],{"class":1184},[52,50349,112],{"class":66},[52,50351,50352],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50353,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,50355,50356,50358,50360,50362],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,50357,118],{"class":101},[52,50359,105],{"class":66},[52,50361,2382],{"class":108},[52,50363,112],{"class":66},[20,50365,311],{},[43,50367,50368],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,50369,50370],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50371,50372],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50373,4133],{"class":674},[20,50375,50376,50377,50380,50381,50383],{},"This does not convert ",[15,50378,50379],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,50382,50329],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,50385,50386,50387,6712],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,50388,50389],{},"int(value)",[461,50391,50393],{"id":50392},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,50395,50396,50398],{},[15,50397,44890],{}," does not modify anything.",[43,50400,50402],{"className":45,"code":50401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,50403,50404,50416,50420,50438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50405,50406,50408,50410,50412,50414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50407,2563],{"class":58},[52,50409,63],{"class":62},[52,50411,768],{"class":756},[52,50413,13648],{"class":760},[52,50415,3465],{"class":756},[52,50417,50418],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50419,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,50421,50422,50424,50426,50428,50430,50432,50434,50436],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50423,118],{"class":101},[52,50425,105],{"class":66},[52,50427,48958],{"class":101},[52,50429,105],{"class":66},[52,50431,2588],{"class":108},[52,50433,74],{"class":66},[52,50435,48987],{"class":1184},[52,50437,510],{"class":66},[52,50439,50440,50442,50444,50446],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,50441,118],{"class":101},[52,50443,105],{"class":66},[52,50445,2588],{"class":108},[52,50447,112],{"class":66},[20,50449,311],{},[43,50451,50453],{"className":45,"code":50452,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n100\n",[15,50454,50455,50459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50456,50457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50458,4072],{"class":674},[52,50460,50461],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50462,47346],{"class":70},[20,50464,50465],{},"The value stays the same.",[38,50467,26037],{"id":26036},[20,50469,50470],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[43,50472,50474],{"className":45,"code":50473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,50475,50476,50490,50508,50532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50477,50478,50480,50482,50484,50486,50488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50479,118],{"class":101},[52,50481,105],{"class":66},[52,50483,1827],{"class":1184},[52,50485,105],{"class":66},[52,50487,2588],{"class":108},[52,50489,510],{"class":66},[52,50491,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502,50504,50506],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50493,118],{"class":101},[52,50495,105],{"class":66},[52,50497,48958],{"class":101},[52,50499,105],{"class":66},[52,50501,2588],{"class":108},[52,50503,74],{"class":66},[52,50505,45361],{"class":1184},[52,50507,510],{"class":66},[52,50509,50510,50512,50514,50516,50518,50520,50522,50524,50526,50528,50530],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50511,118],{"class":101},[52,50513,105],{"class":66},[52,50515,48958],{"class":101},[52,50517,105],{"class":66},[52,50519,2588],{"class":108},[52,50521,74],{"class":66},[52,50523,9321],{"class":66},[52,50525,1185],{"class":1184},[52,50527,74],{"class":66},[52,50529,40347],{"class":1184},[52,50531,622],{"class":66},[52,50533,50534,50536,50538,50540,50542,50544],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,50535,118],{"class":101},[52,50537,105],{"class":66},[52,50539,41865],{"class":101},[52,50541,105],{"class":66},[52,50543,2588],{"class":108},[52,50545,510],{"class":66},[20,50547,50548],{},"These can help when:",[153,50550,50551,50554,50559,50562],{},[156,50552,50553],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[156,50555,50556,50557],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50558,1979],{},[156,50560,50561],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[156,50563,50564,50565,50567],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50566,44890],{}," is invalid",[20,50569,50570],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[153,50572,50573,50587,50593,50598],{},[156,50574,50575,50576,1943,50579,50582,50583,1943,50585],{},"using ",[15,50577,50578],{},"'int'",[15,50580,50581],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50584,1185],{},[15,50586,3550],{},[156,50588,50589,50590,50592],{},"expecting ",[15,50591,44890],{}," to convert a value",[156,50594,50575,50595,50597],{},[15,50596,2420],{}," when inherited types should also match",[156,50599,50600],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50602,50603,50604,242],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[236,50605,50607,50608],{"href":50606},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50609,50610],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[38,50612,1919],{"id":1918},[461,50614,1923,50616,1926],{"id":50615},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50617,44890],{},[20,50619,5240,50620,50622,50623,242],{},[15,50621,173],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50624,655],{},[461,50626,1933,50628,50630],{"id":50627},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50629,44890],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50632,50633,50634,242],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50635,50636],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[461,50638,5270,50640,652,50642,1963],{"id":50639},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50641,44890],{},[15,50643,2420],{},[20,50645,50646,50648,50649,50651],{},[15,50647,2420],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50650,44890],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[461,50653,12792,50655,50657],{"id":50654},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50656,44890],{}," convert a value?",[20,50659,50660],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[38,50662,1986],{"id":1985},[153,50664,50665,50671,50675,50680,50685],{},[156,50666,50667],{},[236,50668,13,50669,1999],{"href":2417},[15,50670,2420],{},[156,50672,50673],{},[236,50674,44882],{"href":49061},[156,50676,50677],{},[236,50678,50679],{"href":988},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[156,50681,50682],{},[236,50683,50684],{"href":49064},"What is a data type in Python?",[156,50686,50687],{},[236,50688,50607,50689],{"href":50606},[15,50690,50610],{},[2029,50692,50693],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki 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.sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":50695},[50696,50697,50699,50702,50706,50707,50712,50718,50726,50727,50737],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":49000,"depth":93,"text":50698},"What isinstance() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":50700},[50701],{"id":49092,"depth":115,"text":49093},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246,"children":50703},[50704,50705],{"id":49180,"depth":115,"text":49181},{"id":49251,"depth":115,"text":49252},{"id":49338,"depth":93,"text":49339},{"id":49535,"depth":93,"text":50708,"children":50709},"isinstance() vs type()",[50710,50711],{"id":49551,"depth":115,"text":49554},{"id":49593,"depth":115,"text":49596},{"id":49654,"depth":93,"text":49655,"children":50713},[50714,50715,50716,50717],{"id":49663,"depth":115,"text":49664},{"id":49845,"depth":115,"text":49846},{"id":49972,"depth":115,"text":49973},{"id":50050,"depth":115,"text":50051},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":50719},[50720,50722,50723,50725],{"id":50140,"depth":115,"text":50721},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":50223,"depth":115,"text":50224},{"id":50308,"depth":115,"text":50724},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":50392,"depth":115,"text":50393},{"id":26036,"depth":93,"text":26037},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":50728},[50729,50731,50733,50735],{"id":50615,"depth":115,"text":50730},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50627,"depth":115,"text":50732},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50639,"depth":115,"text":50734},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50654,"depth":115,"text":50736},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48901,"description":50738},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50744,"title":50745,"body":50746,"description":52716,"extension":2083,"meta":52717,"navigation":296,"path":52718,"seo":52719,"stem":52720,"__hash__":52721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50747,"toc":52691},[50748,50751,50756,50761,50775,50778,50780,50855,50860,50864,50869,50872,50886,50888,51054,51067,51069,51071,51086,51089,51092,51105,51107,51205,51209,51215,51218,51227,51229,51264,51269,51290,51295,51300,51332,51335,51392,51396,51402,51405,51458,51460,51500,51503,51571,51574,51625,51632,51636,51642,51727,51733,51739,51788,51791,51794,51844,51846,51851,51855,51905,51909,51956,51960,52037,52041,52104,52107,52111,52116,52121,52132,52134,52153,52159,52162,52181,52186,52213,52220,52224,52230,52233,52328,52331,52334,52383,52388,52390,52394,52429,52432,52489,52499,52502,52536,52539,52541,52545,52548,52552,52555,52559,52562,52566,52579,52583,52588,52590,52640,52652,52654,52688],[10,50749,50745],{"id":50750},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50752,22,50753,50755],{},[15,50754,2007],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50757,35504,50758,50760],{},[15,50759,2007],{}," to count:",[153,50762,50763,50766,50769,50772],{},[156,50764,50765],{},"characters in a string",[156,50767,50768],{},"items in a list or tuple",[156,50770,50771],{},"keys in a dictionary",[156,50773,50774],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50776,50777],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[38,50779,41],{"id":40},[43,50781,50783],{"className":45,"code":50782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50784,50785,50797,50817,50821,50838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50786,50787,50789,50791,50793,50795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50788,34785],{"class":58},[52,50790,63],{"class":62},[52,50792,768],{"class":756},[52,50794,761],{"class":760},[52,50796,3465],{"class":756},[52,50798,50799,50801,50803,50805,50807,50809,50811,50813,50815],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50800,7863],{"class":58},[52,50802,63],{"class":62},[52,50804,67],{"class":66},[52,50806,430],{"class":70},[52,50808,74],{"class":66},[52,50810,7874],{"class":70},[52,50812,74],{"class":66},[52,50814,7879],{"class":70},[52,50816,90],{"class":66},[52,50818,50819],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50820,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,50822,50823,50825,50827,50829,50831,50833,50835],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,50824,118],{"class":101},[52,50826,105],{"class":66},[52,50828,11250],{"class":101},[52,50830,105],{"class":66},[52,50832,34806],{"class":108},[52,50834,5450],{"class":66},[52,50836,50837],{"class":129},"   # 5\n",[52,50839,50840,50842,50844,50846,50848,50850,50852],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,50841,118],{"class":101},[52,50843,105],{"class":66},[52,50845,11250],{"class":101},[52,50847,105],{"class":66},[52,50849,7894],{"class":108},[52,50851,5450],{"class":66},[52,50853,50854],{"class":129},"  # 3\n",[20,50856,133,50857,50859],{},[15,50858,2007],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[38,50861,50863],{"id":50862},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50865,50866,50868],{},[15,50867,2007],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50870,50871],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[153,50873,50874,50877,50880,50883],{},[156,50875,50876],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[156,50878,50879],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[156,50881,50882],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[156,50884,50885],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50887,2324],{},[43,50889,50891],{"className":45,"code":50890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50892,50893,50905,50930,50962,50982,50986,51003,51020,51037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,50894,50895,50897,50899,50901,50903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,50896,7961],{"class":58},[52,50898,63],{"class":62},[52,50900,768],{"class":756},[52,50902,7760],{"class":760},[52,50904,3465],{"class":756},[52,50906,50907,50909,50911,50913,50915,50917,50919,50921,50923,50925,50928],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,50908,59],{"class":58},[52,50910,63],{"class":62},[52,50912,67],{"class":66},[52,50914,430],{"class":70},[52,50916,74],{"class":66},[52,50918,7874],{"class":70},[52,50920,74],{"class":66},[52,50922,7879],{"class":70},[52,50924,74],{"class":66},[52,50926,50927],{"class":70}," 40",[52,50929,90],{"class":66},[52,50931,50932,50934,50936,50938,50940,50942,50944,50946,50948,50950,50952,50954,50956,50958,50960],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,50933,9251],{"class":58},[52,50935,63],{"class":62},[52,50937,10577],{"class":66},[52,50939,757],{"class":756},[52,50941,236],{"class":760},[52,50943,757],{"class":756},[52,50945,1772],{"class":66},[52,50947,5586],{"class":70},[52,50949,74],{"class":66},[52,50951,768],{"class":756},[52,50953,4853],{"class":760},[52,50955,757],{"class":756},[52,50957,1772],{"class":66},[52,50959,77],{"class":70},[52,50961,9394],{"class":66},[52,50963,50964,50966,50968,50970,50972,50974,50976,50978,50980],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,50965,474],{"class":58},[52,50967,63],{"class":62},[52,50969,10577],{"class":66},[52,50971,265],{"class":70},[52,50973,74],{"class":66},[52,50975,619],{"class":70},[52,50977,74],{"class":66},[52,50979,1600],{"class":70},[52,50981,9394],{"class":66},[52,50983,50984],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,50985,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,50987,50988,50990,50992,50994,50996,50998,51000],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,50989,118],{"class":101},[52,50991,105],{"class":66},[52,50993,11250],{"class":101},[52,50995,105],{"class":66},[52,50997,7751],{"class":108},[52,50999,5450],{"class":66},[52,51001,51002],{"class":129},"     # 3\n",[52,51004,51005,51007,51009,51011,51013,51015,51017],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,51006,118],{"class":101},[52,51008,105],{"class":66},[52,51010,11250],{"class":101},[52,51012,105],{"class":66},[52,51014,109],{"class":108},[52,51016,5450],{"class":66},[52,51018,51019],{"class":129},"  # 4\n",[52,51021,51022,51024,51026,51028,51030,51032,51034],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,51023,118],{"class":101},[52,51025,105],{"class":66},[52,51027,11250],{"class":101},[52,51029,105],{"class":66},[52,51031,9289],{"class":108},[52,51033,5450],{"class":66},[52,51035,51036],{"class":129},"     # 2\n",[52,51038,51039,51041,51043,51045,51047,51049,51051],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,51040,118],{"class":101},[52,51042,105],{"class":66},[52,51044,11250],{"class":101},[52,51046,105],{"class":66},[52,51048,507],{"class":108},[52,51050,5450],{"class":66},[52,51052,51053],{"class":129},"   # 3\n",[20,51055,51056,51057,2305,51061,17165,51065,242],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[236,51058,51060],{"href":51059},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[236,51062,51064],{"href":51063},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[236,51066,9241],{"href":9240},[38,51068,181],{"id":180},[20,51070,2277],{},[43,51072,51074],{"className":45,"code":51073,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(object)\n",[15,51075,51076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51077,51078,51080,51082,51084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51079,11250],{"class":101},[52,51081,105],{"class":66},[52,51083,42482],{"class":1184},[52,51085,112],{"class":66},[20,51087,51088],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,51090,51091],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[153,51093,51094,51096,51098,51100,51102],{},[156,51095,38001],{},[156,51097,37995],{},[156,51099,37998],{},[156,51101,38004],{},[156,51103,51104],{},"a dictionary",[20,51106,2324],{},[43,51108,51110],{"className":45,"code":51109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,51111,51112,51133,51157,51179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51113,51114,51116,51118,51120,51122,51124,51126,51128,51130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51115,118],{"class":101},[52,51117,105],{"class":66},[52,51119,11250],{"class":101},[52,51121,105],{"class":66},[52,51123,757],{"class":756},[52,51125,47],{"class":760},[52,51127,757],{"class":756},[52,51129,5450],{"class":66},[52,51131,51132],{"class":129},"      # 6\n",[52,51134,51135,51137,51139,51141,51143,51145,51147,51149,51151,51153,51155],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51136,118],{"class":101},[52,51138,105],{"class":66},[52,51140,11250],{"class":101},[52,51142,1058],{"class":66},[52,51144,71],{"class":70},[52,51146,74],{"class":66},[52,51148,77],{"class":70},[52,51150,74],{"class":66},[52,51152,82],{"class":70},[52,51154,4827],{"class":66},[52,51156,51002],{"class":129},[52,51158,51159,51161,51163,51165,51167,51169,51171,51173,51176],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51160,118],{"class":101},[52,51162,105],{"class":66},[52,51164,11250],{"class":101},[52,51166,5599],{"class":66},[52,51168,430],{"class":70},[52,51170,74],{"class":66},[52,51172,7874],{"class":70},[52,51174,51175],{"class":66},")))",[52,51177,51178],{"class":129},"      # 2\n",[52,51180,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189,51191,51193,51195,51197,51199,51202],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,51182,118],{"class":101},[52,51184,105],{"class":66},[52,51186,11250],{"class":101},[52,51188,5618],{"class":66},[52,51190,757],{"class":756},[52,51192,1190],{"class":760},[52,51194,757],{"class":756},[52,51196,1772],{"class":66},[52,51198,5586],{"class":70},[52,51200,51201],{"class":66},"}))",[52,51203,51204],{"class":129},"      # 1\n",[38,51206,51208],{"id":51207},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,51210,51211,51212,51214],{},"When you use ",[15,51213,2007],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,51216,51217],{},"That includes:",[153,51219,51220,51222,51224],{},[156,51221,1458],{},[156,51223,10538],{},[156,51225,51226],{},"punctuation",[20,51228,2324],{},[43,51230,51232],{"className":45,"code":51231,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,51233,51234,51247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51235,51236,51238,51240,51242,51245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51237,34785],{"class":58},[52,51239,63],{"class":62},[52,51241,768],{"class":756},[52,51243,51244],{"class":760},"Hi there!",[52,51246,3465],{"class":756},[52,51248,51249,51251,51253,51255,51257,51259,51261],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51250,118],{"class":101},[52,51252,105],{"class":66},[52,51254,11250],{"class":101},[52,51256,105],{"class":66},[52,51258,34806],{"class":108},[52,51260,5450],{"class":66},[52,51262,51263],{"class":129},"  # 9\n",[20,51265,51266,51267,1963],{},"Why is the result ",[15,51268,2262],{},[153,51270,51271,51277,51281,51284],{},[156,51272,51273,51276],{},[15,51274,51275],{},"H"," = 1",[156,51278,51279,51276],{},[15,51280,36250],{},[156,51282,51283],{},"space = 1",[156,51285,51286,51289],{},[15,51287,51288],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,51291,51292,51293],{},"Total: ",[15,51294,2262],{},[20,51296,51297,51298,1772],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,51299,207],{},[43,51301,51303],{"className":45,"code":51302,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,51304,51305,51314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51306,51307,51310,51312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51308,51309],{"class":58},"empty_text ",[52,51311,63],{"class":62},[52,51313,7966],{"class":756},[52,51315,51316,51318,51320,51322,51324,51327,51329],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51317,118],{"class":101},[52,51319,105],{"class":66},[52,51321,11250],{"class":101},[52,51323,105],{"class":66},[52,51325,51326],{"class":108},"empty_text",[52,51328,5450],{"class":66},[52,51330,51331],{"class":129},"  # 0\n",[20,51333,51334],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[43,51336,51338],{"className":45,"code":51337,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,51339,51340,51353,51357,51377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51341,51342,51345,51347,51349,51351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51343,51344],{"class":58},"user_name ",[52,51346,63],{"class":62},[52,51348,768],{"class":756},[52,51350,5097],{"class":760},[52,51352,3465],{"class":756},[52,51354,51355],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51356,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,51358,51359,51361,51363,51365,51368,51370,51373,51375],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51360,7079],{"class":1195},[52,51362,38479],{"class":101},[52,51364,105],{"class":66},[52,51366,51367],{"class":108},"user_name",[52,51369,126],{"class":66},[52,51371,51372],{"class":62}," >=",[52,51374,82],{"class":70},[52,51376,1689],{"class":66},[52,51378,51379,51381,51383,51385,51388,51390],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,51380,8154],{"class":101},[52,51382,105],{"class":66},[52,51384,757],{"class":756},[52,51386,51387],{"class":760},"Name is long enough",[52,51389,757],{"class":756},[52,51391,112],{"class":66},[38,51393,51395],{"id":51394},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,51397,51398,51399,51401],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,51400,2007],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,51403,51404],{},"Example with a list:",[43,51406,51408],{"className":45,"code":51407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,51409,51410,51442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51411,51412,51414,51416,51418,51420,51422,51424,51426,51428,51430,51432,51434,51436,51438,51440],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51413,13165],{"class":58},[52,51415,63],{"class":62},[52,51417,67],{"class":66},[52,51419,757],{"class":756},[52,51421,13182],{"class":760},[52,51423,757],{"class":756},[52,51425,74],{"class":66},[52,51427,768],{"class":756},[52,51429,17549],{"class":760},[52,51431,757],{"class":756},[52,51433,74],{"class":66},[52,51435,768],{"class":756},[52,51437,13199],{"class":760},[52,51439,757],{"class":756},[52,51441,90],{"class":66},[52,51443,51444,51446,51448,51450,51452,51454,51456],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51445,118],{"class":101},[52,51447,105],{"class":66},[52,51449,11250],{"class":101},[52,51451,105],{"class":66},[52,51453,17596],{"class":108},[52,51455,5450],{"class":66},[52,51457,50854],{"class":129},[20,51459,38010],{},[43,51461,51463],{"className":45,"code":51462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,51464,51465,51482],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51466,51467,51470,51472,51474,51476,51478,51480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51468,51469],{"class":58},"point ",[52,51471,63],{"class":62},[52,51473,9321],{"class":66},[52,51475,430],{"class":70},[52,51477,74],{"class":66},[52,51479,7874],{"class":70},[52,51481,112],{"class":66},[52,51483,51484,51486,51488,51490,51492,51495,51497],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51485,118],{"class":101},[52,51487,105],{"class":66},[52,51489,11250],{"class":101},[52,51491,105],{"class":66},[52,51493,51494],{"class":108},"point",[52,51496,5450],{"class":66},[52,51498,51499],{"class":129},"  # 2\n",[20,51501,51502],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[43,51504,51506],{"className":45,"code":51505,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51507,51508,51532,51536,51554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51509,51510,51512,51514,51516,51518,51520,51522,51524,51526,51528,51530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51511,7863],{"class":58},[52,51513,63],{"class":62},[52,51515,67],{"class":66},[52,51517,757],{"class":756},[52,51519,4171],{"class":760},[52,51521,757],{"class":756},[52,51523,74],{"class":66},[52,51525,768],{"class":756},[52,51527,4180],{"class":760},[52,51529,757],{"class":756},[52,51531,90],{"class":66},[52,51533,51534],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51535,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,51537,51538,51540,51542,51544,51546,51548,51550,51552],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51539,7079],{"class":1195},[52,51541,38479],{"class":101},[52,51543,105],{"class":66},[52,51545,7894],{"class":108},[52,51547,126],{"class":66},[52,51549,38489],{"class":62},[52,51551,5586],{"class":70},[52,51553,1689],{"class":66},[52,51555,51556,51558,51560,51562,51564,51566,51568],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,51557,8154],{"class":101},[52,51559,105],{"class":66},[52,51561,7894],{"class":108},[52,51563,3994],{"class":66},[52,51565,71],{"class":70},[52,51567,20540],{"class":66},[52,51569,51570],{"class":129},"  # banana\n",[20,51572,51573],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[43,51575,51577],{"className":45,"code":51576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51578,51579,51602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51580,51581,51583,51585,51587,51590,51592,51595,51597,51600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51582,5157],{"class":58},[52,51584,63],{"class":62},[52,51586,67],{"class":66},[52,51588,51589],{"class":70},"88",[52,51591,74],{"class":66},[52,51593,51594],{"class":70}," 91",[52,51596,74],{"class":66},[52,51598,51599],{"class":70}," 75",[52,51601,90],{"class":66},[52,51603,51604,51606,51608,51610,51613,51615,51617,51619,51621,51623],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51605,118],{"class":101},[52,51607,105],{"class":66},[52,51609,757],{"class":756},[52,51611,51612],{"class":760},"Number of scores:",[52,51614,757],{"class":756},[52,51616,74],{"class":66},[52,51618,38479],{"class":101},[52,51620,105],{"class":66},[52,51622,16481],{"class":108},[52,51624,510],{"class":66},[20,51626,51627,51628,242],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[236,51629,51631],{"href":51630},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[38,51633,51635],{"id":51634},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51637,51638,51639,51641],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51640,2007],{}," counts keys.",[43,51643,51645],{"className":45,"code":51644,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51646,51647,51655,51673,51687,51703,51707,51711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51648,51649,51651,51653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51650,12952],{"class":58},[52,51652,63],{"class":62},[52,51654,11581],{"class":66},[52,51656,51657,51659,51661,51663,51665,51667,51669,51671],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51658,11586],{"class":756},[52,51660,7751],{"class":760},[52,51662,757],{"class":756},[52,51664,1772],{"class":66},[52,51666,768],{"class":756},[52,51668,8006],{"class":760},[52,51670,757],{"class":756},[52,51672,11602],{"class":66},[52,51674,51675,51677,51679,51681,51683,51685],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51676,11586],{"class":756},[52,51678,9384],{"class":760},[52,51680,757],{"class":756},[52,51682,1772],{"class":66},[52,51684,31038],{"class":70},[52,51686,11602],{"class":66},[52,51688,51689,51691,51693,51695,51697,51699,51701],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,51690,11586],{"class":756},[52,51692,19985],{"class":760},[52,51694,757],{"class":756},[52,51696,1772],{"class":66},[52,51698,768],{"class":756},[52,51700,22340],{"class":760},[52,51702,3465],{"class":756},[52,51704,51705],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,51706,9394],{"class":66},[52,51708,51709],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,51710,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,51712,51713,51715,51717,51719,51721,51723,51725],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,51714,118],{"class":101},[52,51716,105],{"class":66},[52,51718,11250],{"class":101},[52,51720,105],{"class":66},[52,51722,13716],{"class":108},[52,51724,5450],{"class":66},[52,51726,50854],{"class":129},[20,51728,51729,51730,51732],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51731,2007],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51734,51735,51736,51738],{},"For sets, ",[15,51737,2007],{}," counts unique items:",[43,51740,51742],{"className":45,"code":51741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51743,51744,51772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51745,51746,51748,51750,51752,51754,51756,51758,51760,51762,51764,51766,51768,51770],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51747,59],{"class":58},[52,51749,63],{"class":62},[52,51751,10577],{"class":66},[52,51753,71],{"class":70},[52,51755,74],{"class":66},[52,51757,77],{"class":70},[52,51759,74],{"class":66},[52,51761,82],{"class":70},[52,51763,74],{"class":66},[52,51765,82],{"class":70},[52,51767,74],{"class":66},[52,51769,77],{"class":70},[52,51771,9394],{"class":66},[52,51773,51774,51776,51778,51780,51782,51784,51786],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51775,118],{"class":101},[52,51777,105],{"class":66},[52,51779,11250],{"class":101},[52,51781,105],{"class":66},[52,51783,109],{"class":108},[52,51785,5450],{"class":66},[52,51787,50854],{"class":129},[20,51789,51790],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51792,51793],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[43,51795,51797],{"className":45,"code":51796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51798,51799,51807,51811,51829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51800,51801,51803,51805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51802,9251],{"class":58},[52,51804,63],{"class":62},[52,51806,9924],{"class":66},[52,51808,51809],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51810,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,51812,51813,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51814,7079],{"class":1195},[52,51816,38479],{"class":101},[52,51818,105],{"class":66},[52,51820,9289],{"class":108},[52,51822,126],{"class":66},[52,51824,6492],{"class":62},[52,51826,3933],{"class":70},[52,51828,1689],{"class":66},[52,51830,51831,51833,51835,51837,51840,51842],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,51832,8154],{"class":101},[52,51834,105],{"class":66},[52,51836,757],{"class":756},[52,51838,51839],{"class":760},"The dictionary is empty",[52,51841,757],{"class":756},[52,51843,112],{"class":66},[38,51845,41136],{"id":41135},[20,51847,51848,51849,242],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51850,2007],{},[461,51852,51854],{"id":51853},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[43,51856,51858],{"className":45,"code":51857,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51859,51860,51868,51872,51890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51861,51862,51864,51866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51863,7863],{"class":58},[52,51865,63],{"class":62},[52,51867,7923],{"class":66},[52,51869,51870],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51871,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,51873,51874,51876,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886,51888],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51875,7079],{"class":1195},[52,51877,38479],{"class":101},[52,51879,105],{"class":66},[52,51881,7894],{"class":108},[52,51883,126],{"class":66},[52,51885,6492],{"class":62},[52,51887,3933],{"class":70},[52,51889,1689],{"class":66},[52,51891,51892,51894,51896,51898,51901,51903],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,51893,8154],{"class":101},[52,51895,105],{"class":66},[52,51897,757],{"class":756},[52,51899,51900],{"class":760},"The list is empty",[52,51902,757],{"class":756},[52,51904,112],{"class":66},[461,51906,51908],{"id":51907},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[43,51910,51912],{"className":45,"code":51911,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51913,51914,51933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51915,51916,51918,51920,51922,51924,51926,51929,51931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51917,6240],{"class":58},[52,51919,63],{"class":62},[52,51921,8328],{"class":101},[52,51923,105],{"class":66},[52,51925,757],{"class":756},[52,51927,51928],{"class":760},"Enter a word: ",[52,51930,757],{"class":756},[52,51932,112],{"class":66},[52,51934,51935,51937,51939,51941,51944,51946,51948,51950,51952,51954],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51936,118],{"class":101},[52,51938,105],{"class":66},[52,51940,757],{"class":756},[52,51942,51943],{"class":760},"Number of characters:",[52,51945,757],{"class":756},[52,51947,74],{"class":66},[52,51949,38479],{"class":101},[52,51951,105],{"class":66},[52,51953,38484],{"class":108},[52,51955,510],{"class":66},[461,51957,51959],{"id":51958},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[43,51961,51963],{"className":45,"code":51962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51964,51965,51979,51983,52001,52016,52022],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,51966,51967,51970,51972,51974,51977],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,51968,51969],{"class":58},"password ",[52,51971,63],{"class":62},[52,51973,768],{"class":756},[52,51975,51976],{"class":760},"secret123",[52,51978,3465],{"class":756},[52,51980,51981],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,51982,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,51984,51985,51987,51989,51991,51993,51995,51997,51999],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,51986,7079],{"class":1195},[52,51988,38479],{"class":101},[52,51990,105],{"class":66},[52,51992,17715],{"class":108},[52,51994,126],{"class":66},[52,51996,51372],{"class":62},[52,51998,6445],{"class":70},[52,52000,1689],{"class":66},[52,52002,52003,52005,52007,52009,52012,52014],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,52004,8154],{"class":101},[52,52006,105],{"class":66},[52,52008,757],{"class":756},[52,52010,52011],{"class":760},"Password length is valid",[52,52013,757],{"class":756},[52,52015,112],{"class":66},[52,52017,52018,52020],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,52019,27528],{"class":1195},[52,52021,1689],{"class":66},[52,52023,52024,52026,52028,52030,52033,52035],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,52025,8154],{"class":101},[52,52027,105],{"class":66},[52,52029,757],{"class":756},[52,52031,52032],{"class":760},"Password is too short",[52,52034,757],{"class":756},[52,52036,112],{"class":66},[461,52038,52040],{"id":52039},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[43,52042,52044],{"className":45,"code":52043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,52045,52046,52081],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52047,52048,52050,52052,52054,52056,52059,52061,52063,52065,52068,52070,52072,52074,52077,52079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52049,667],{"class":58},[52,52051,63],{"class":62},[52,52053,67],{"class":66},[52,52055,757],{"class":756},[52,52057,52058],{"class":760},"item1",[52,52060,757],{"class":756},[52,52062,74],{"class":66},[52,52064,768],{"class":756},[52,52066,52067],{"class":760},"item2",[52,52069,757],{"class":756},[52,52071,74],{"class":66},[52,52073,768],{"class":756},[52,52075,52076],{"class":760},"item3",[52,52078,757],{"class":756},[52,52080,90],{"class":66},[52,52082,52083,52085,52087,52089,52092,52094,52096,52098,52100,52102],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52084,118],{"class":101},[52,52086,105],{"class":66},[52,52088,757],{"class":756},[52,52090,52091],{"class":760},"Items found:",[52,52093,757],{"class":756},[52,52095,74],{"class":66},[52,52097,38479],{"class":101},[52,52099,105],{"class":66},[52,52101,703],{"class":108},[52,52103,510],{"class":66},[20,52105,52106],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[38,52108,52110],{"id":52109},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,52112,52113,52115],{},[15,52114,2007],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,52117,52118,52119,1772],{},"These will raise a ",[15,52120,1979],{},[153,52122,52123,52126,52128],{},[156,52124,52125],{},"plain integers",[156,52127,524],{},[156,52129,52130],{},[15,52131,3878],{},[20,52133,2324],{},[43,52135,52137],{"className":45,"code":52136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(5))\n",[15,52138,52139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52140,52141,52143,52145,52147,52149,52151],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52142,118],{"class":101},[52,52144,105],{"class":66},[52,52146,11250],{"class":101},[52,52148,105],{"class":66},[52,52150,265],{"class":70},[52,52152,510],{"class":66},[20,52154,52155,52156,52158],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,52157,265],{}," does not have a length.",[20,52160,52161],{},"Another example:",[43,52163,52165],{"className":45,"code":52164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,52166,52167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52168,52169,52171,52173,52175,52177,52179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52170,118],{"class":101},[52,52172,105],{"class":66},[52,52174,11250],{"class":101},[52,52176,105],{"class":66},[52,52178,40235],{"class":70},[52,52180,510],{"class":66},[20,52182,52183,52184,1772],{},"And with ",[15,52185,3878],{},[43,52187,52189],{"className":45,"code":52188,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,52190,52191,52199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52192,52193,52195,52197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52194,2563],{"class":58},[52,52196,63],{"class":62},[52,52198,48610],{"class":674},[52,52200,52201,52203,52205,52207,52209,52211],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52202,118],{"class":101},[52,52204,105],{"class":66},[52,52206,11250],{"class":101},[52,52208,105],{"class":66},[52,52210,2588],{"class":108},[52,52212,510],{"class":66},[20,52214,52215,52216,242],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[236,52217,52219],{"href":52218},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[38,52221,52223],{"id":52222},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,52225,52226,52227,52229],{},"Before using ",[15,52228,2007],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,52231,52232],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[43,52234,52236],{"className":45,"code":52235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,52237,52238,52246,52250,52260,52274,52292,52310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52239,52240,52242,52244],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52241,2563],{"class":58},[52,52243,63],{"class":62},[52,52245,48610],{"class":674},[52,52247,52248],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52249,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,52251,52252,52254,52256,52258],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52253,118],{"class":101},[52,52255,105],{"class":66},[52,52257,2588],{"class":108},[52,52259,112],{"class":66},[52,52261,52262,52264,52266,52268,52270,52272],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,52263,118],{"class":101},[52,52265,105],{"class":66},[52,52267,1827],{"class":1184},[52,52269,105],{"class":66},[52,52271,2588],{"class":108},[52,52273,510],{"class":66},[52,52275,52276,52278,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,52277,118],{"class":101},[52,52279,105],{"class":66},[52,52281,48958],{"class":101},[52,52283,105],{"class":66},[52,52285,2588],{"class":108},[52,52287,74],{"class":66},[52,52289,48987],{"class":1184},[52,52291,510],{"class":66},[52,52293,52294,52296,52298,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,52295,118],{"class":101},[52,52297,105],{"class":66},[52,52299,48958],{"class":101},[52,52301,105],{"class":66},[52,52303,2588],{"class":108},[52,52305,74],{"class":66},[52,52307,22655],{"class":1184},[52,52309,510],{"class":66},[52,52311,52312,52314,52316,52318,52320,52322,52324,52326],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,52313,118],{"class":101},[52,52315,105],{"class":66},[52,52317,48958],{"class":101},[52,52319,105],{"class":66},[52,52321,2588],{"class":108},[52,52323,74],{"class":66},[52,52325,9256],{"class":1184},[52,52327,510],{"class":66},[20,52329,52330],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,52332,52333],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[43,52335,52337],{"className":45,"code":52336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,52338,52339,52351,52355,52369],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52340,52341,52343,52345,52347,52349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52342,2563],{"class":58},[52,52344,63],{"class":62},[52,52346,768],{"class":756},[52,52348,761],{"class":760},[52,52350,3465],{"class":756},[52,52352,52353],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52354,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,52356,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52358,7079],{"class":1195},[52,52360,21679],{"class":58},[52,52362,12281],{"class":62},[52,52364,8185],{"class":62},[52,52366,3951],{"class":674},[52,52368,1689],{"class":66},[52,52370,52371,52373,52375,52377,52379,52381],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,52372,8154],{"class":101},[52,52374,105],{"class":66},[52,52376,11250],{"class":101},[52,52378,105],{"class":66},[52,52380,2588],{"class":108},[52,52382,510],{"class":66},[20,52384,52385,52386,242],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[236,52387,8527],{"href":2417},[38,52389,1766],{"id":1765},[20,52391,23190,52392,1772],{},[15,52393,2007],{},[153,52395,52396,52404,52412,52420,52426],{},[156,52397,1372,52398,52400,52401],{},[15,52399,2007],{}," on an integer like ",[15,52402,52403],{},"len(5)",[156,52405,1372,52406,52408,52409],{},[15,52407,2007],{}," on a float like ",[15,52410,52411],{},"len(3.14)",[156,52413,1372,52414,52416,52417,52419],{},[15,52415,2007],{}," on ",[15,52418,3878],{}," after a function returns nothing",[156,52421,4670,52422,52425],{},[15,52423,52424],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[156,52427,52428],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,52430,52431],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[43,52433,52435],{"className":45,"code":52434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,52436,52437,52473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52438,52439,52441,52443,52445,52447,52449,52451,52453,52455,52457,52459,52461,52463,52465,52467,52469,52471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52440,13294],{"class":58},[52,52442,63],{"class":62},[52,52444,10577],{"class":66},[52,52446,757],{"class":756},[52,52448,7751],{"class":760},[52,52450,757],{"class":756},[52,52452,1772],{"class":66},[52,52454,768],{"class":756},[52,52456,12969],{"class":760},[52,52458,757],{"class":756},[52,52460,74],{"class":66},[52,52462,768],{"class":756},[52,52464,9384],{"class":760},[52,52466,757],{"class":756},[52,52468,1772],{"class":66},[52,52470,7874],{"class":70},[52,52472,9394],{"class":66},[52,52474,52475,52477,52479,52481,52483,52485,52487],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52476,118],{"class":101},[52,52478,105],{"class":66},[52,52480,11250],{"class":101},[52,52482,105],{"class":66},[52,52484,17400],{"class":108},[52,52486,5450],{"class":66},[52,52488,51499],{"class":129},[20,52490,37689,52491,52493,52494,652,52496,242],{},[15,52492,440],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52495,15331],{},[15,52497,52498],{},"\"age\"",[20,52500,52501],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[43,52503,52505],{"className":45,"code":52504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52506,52507,52520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52508,52509,52511,52513,52515,52518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52510,34785],{"class":58},[52,52512,63],{"class":62},[52,52514,768],{"class":756},[52,52516,52517],{"class":760},"a b",[52,52519,3465],{"class":756},[52,52521,52522,52524,52526,52528,52530,52532,52534],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52523,118],{"class":101},[52,52525,105],{"class":66},[52,52527,11250],{"class":101},[52,52529,105],{"class":66},[52,52531,34806],{"class":108},[52,52533,5450],{"class":66},[52,52535,50854],{"class":129},[20,52537,52538],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[38,52540,1919],{"id":1918},[461,52542,52544],{"id":52543},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52546,52547],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[461,52549,52551],{"id":52550},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52553,52554],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[461,52556,52558],{"id":52557},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52560,52561],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[461,52563,52565],{"id":52564},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52567,52568,52569,52571,52572,1943,52574,52576,52577,242],{},"No. Using ",[15,52570,2007],{}," on an ",[15,52573,1185],{},[15,52575,2308],{}," raises a ",[15,52578,1979],{},[461,52580,52582],{"id":52581},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52584,7846,52585,242],{},[15,52586,52587],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52589,2324],{},[43,52591,52593],{"className":45,"code":52592,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52594,52595,52603,52607,52625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52596,52597,52599,52601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52598,8394],{"class":58},[52,52600,63],{"class":62},[52,52602,7923],{"class":66},[52,52604,52605],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52606,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,52608,52609,52611,52613,52615,52617,52619,52621,52623],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52610,7079],{"class":1195},[52,52612,38479],{"class":101},[52,52614,105],{"class":66},[52,52616,8425],{"class":108},[52,52618,126],{"class":66},[52,52620,6492],{"class":62},[52,52622,3933],{"class":70},[52,52624,1689],{"class":66},[52,52626,52627,52629,52631,52633,52636,52638],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,52628,8154],{"class":101},[52,52630,105],{"class":66},[52,52632,757],{"class":756},[52,52634,52635],{"class":760},"Empty list",[52,52637,757],{"class":756},[52,52639,112],{"class":66},[20,52641,52642,52643,52645,52646,52648,52649,52651],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52644,655],{}," in an ",[15,52647,7079],{}," statement, but ",[15,52650,2007],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[38,52653,1986],{"id":1985},[153,52655,52656,52660,52664,52668,52673,52677,52683],{},[156,52657,52658],{},[236,52659,51060],{"href":51059},[156,52661,52662],{},[236,52663,51064],{"href":51063},[156,52665,52666],{},[236,52667,9241],{"href":9240},[156,52669,52670],{},[236,52671,52672],{"href":51630},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[156,52674,52675],{},[236,52676,8527],{"href":2417},[156,52678,52679],{},[236,52680,52682],{"href":52681},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[156,52684,52685],{},[236,52686,52687],{"href":52218},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[2029,52689,52690],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":52692},[52693,52694,52695,52696,52697,52698,52699,52705,52706,52707,52708,52715],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":50862,"depth":93,"text":50863},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":51207,"depth":93,"text":51208},{"id":51394,"depth":93,"text":51395},{"id":51634,"depth":93,"text":51635},{"id":41135,"depth":93,"text":41136,"children":52700},[52701,52702,52703,52704],{"id":51853,"depth":115,"text":51854},{"id":51907,"depth":115,"text":51908},{"id":51958,"depth":115,"text":51959},{"id":52039,"depth":115,"text":52040},{"id":52109,"depth":93,"text":52110},{"id":52222,"depth":93,"text":52223},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":52709},[52710,52711,52712,52713,52714],{"id":52543,"depth":115,"text":52544},{"id":52550,"depth":115,"text":52551},{"id":52557,"depth":115,"text":52558},{"id":52564,"depth":115,"text":52565},{"id":52581,"depth":115,"text":52582},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50745,"description":52716},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52723,"title":52724,"body":52725,"description":54408,"extension":2083,"meta":54409,"navigation":296,"path":54410,"seo":54411,"stem":54412,"__hash__":54413},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52726,"toc":54381},[52727,52730,52744,52750,52752,52806,52811,52815,52831,52834,52848,52854,52856,52859,52878,52894,52896,52972,52974,53011,53022,53024,53027,53088,53090,53123,53126,53132,53136,53139,53264,53266,53324,53332,53385,53387,53414,53420,53430,53434,53437,53442,53494,53496,53522,53528,53582,53584,53609,53612,53636,53642,53644,53648,53650,53707,53709,53717,53719,53741,53743,53796,53798,53822,53826,53828,53867,53869,53877,53883,53887,53939,53941,53967,53975,53979,53984,53993,53995,54061,54063,54095,54099,54104,54106,54120,54123,54196,54198,54223,54225,54229,54236,54240,54247,54251,54254,54256,54309,54311,54337,54341,54350,54352,54378],[10,52728,52724],{"id":52729},"python-list-append-method",[20,52731,2100,52732,52735,52736,52739,52740,52743],{},[15,52733,52734],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3842,52737,52738],{},"one item"," to the ",[3842,52741,52742],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52745,52746,52747,52749],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3842,52748,4722],{}," create a new list.",[38,52751,3712],{"id":3711},[43,52753,52755],{"className":45,"code":52754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52756,52757,52777,52791,52801],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52758,52759,52761,52763,52765,52767,52769,52771,52773,52775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52760,59],{"class":58},[52,52762,63],{"class":62},[52,52764,67],{"class":66},[52,52766,71],{"class":70},[52,52768,74],{"class":66},[52,52770,77],{"class":70},[52,52772,74],{"class":66},[52,52774,82],{"class":70},[52,52776,90],{"class":66},[52,52778,52779,52781,52783,52785,52787,52789],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52780,109],{"class":58},[52,52782,242],{"class":66},[52,52784,13643],{"class":108},[52,52786,105],{"class":66},[52,52788,1595],{"class":70},[52,52790,112],{"class":66},[52,52792,52793,52795,52797,52799],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52794,118],{"class":101},[52,52796,105],{"class":66},[52,52798,109],{"class":108},[52,52800,112],{"class":66},[52,52802,52803],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,52804,52805],{"class":129},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52807,133,52808,52810],{},[15,52809,52734],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[38,52812,52814],{"id":52813},"what-append-does","What append() does",[153,52816,52817,52822,52825,52828],{},[156,52818,52819,52821],{},[15,52820,52734],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[156,52823,52824],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[156,52826,52827],{},"It does not create a new list",[156,52829,52830],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52832,52833],{},"This means you can append:",[153,52835,52836,52838,52840,52842,52844,52846],{},[156,52837,109],{},[156,52839,5398],{},[156,52841,40684],{},[156,52843,918],{},[156,52845,7333],{},[156,52847,34759],{},[20,52849,52850,52851,242],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[236,52852,52853],{"href":51063},"Python lists explained for beginners",[38,52855,5520],{"id":5519},[20,52857,52858],{},"Basic form:",[43,52860,52862],{"className":45,"code":52861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52863,52864],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52865,52866,52868,52870,52872,52874,52876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52867,8425],{"class":58},[52,52869,242],{"class":66},[52,52871,13643],{"class":108},[52,52873,105],{"class":66},[52,52875,23406],{"class":108},[52,52877,112],{"class":66},[153,52879,52880,52885,52890],{},[156,52881,52882,52884],{},[15,52883,8425],{}," is the list you want to change",[156,52886,52887,52889],{},[15,52888,23406],{}," is the value or object to add",[156,52891,11998,52892],{},[15,52893,3878],{},[20,52895,2324],{},[43,52897,52899],{"className":45,"code":52898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52900,52901,52925,52948,52952,52962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52902,52903,52905,52907,52909,52911,52913,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52904,36333],{"class":58},[52,52906,63],{"class":62},[52,52908,67],{"class":66},[52,52910,757],{"class":756},[52,52912,4171],{"class":760},[52,52914,757],{"class":756},[52,52916,74],{"class":66},[52,52918,768],{"class":756},[52,52920,4180],{"class":760},[52,52922,757],{"class":756},[52,52924,90],{"class":66},[52,52926,52927,52929,52931,52934,52936,52938,52940,52942,52944,52946],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,52928,2347],{"class":58},[52,52930,63],{"class":62},[52,52932,52933],{"class":58}," fruits",[52,52935,242],{"class":66},[52,52937,13643],{"class":108},[52,52939,105],{"class":66},[52,52941,757],{"class":756},[52,52943,33317],{"class":760},[52,52945,757],{"class":756},[52,52947,112],{"class":66},[52,52949,52950],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,52951,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,52953,52954,52956,52958,52960],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,52955,118],{"class":101},[52,52957,105],{"class":66},[52,52959,36385],{"class":108},[52,52961,112],{"class":66},[52,52963,52964,52966,52968,52970],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,52965,118],{"class":101},[52,52967,105],{"class":66},[52,52969,2382],{"class":108},[52,52971,112],{"class":66},[20,52973,311],{},[43,52975,52977],{"className":45,"code":52976,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52978,52979,53007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,52980,52981,52983,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999,53001,53003,53005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,52982,3994],{"class":66},[52,52984,3406],{"class":756},[52,52986,4171],{"class":760},[52,52988,3406],{"class":756},[52,52990,74],{"class":66},[52,52992,3401],{"class":756},[52,52994,4180],{"class":760},[52,52996,3406],{"class":756},[52,52998,74],{"class":66},[52,53000,3401],{"class":756},[52,53002,33317],{"class":760},[52,53004,3406],{"class":756},[52,53006,90],{"class":66},[52,53008,53009],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53010,11895],{"class":674},[20,53012,53013,53014,53016,53017,53019,53020,242],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,53015,52734],{}," updates ",[15,53018,36385],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,53021,3878],{},[38,53023,246],{"id":245},[20,53025,53026],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[43,53028,53030],{"className":45,"code":53029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,53031,53032,53056,53074,53078],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53033,53034,53036,53038,53040,53042,53044,53046,53048,53050,53052,53054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53035,13165],{"class":58},[52,53037,63],{"class":62},[52,53039,67],{"class":66},[52,53041,757],{"class":756},[52,53043,13182],{"class":760},[52,53045,757],{"class":756},[52,53047,74],{"class":66},[52,53049,768],{"class":756},[52,53051,13199],{"class":760},[52,53053,757],{"class":756},[52,53055,90],{"class":66},[52,53057,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068,53070,53072],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53059,17596],{"class":58},[52,53061,242],{"class":66},[52,53063,13643],{"class":108},[52,53065,105],{"class":66},[52,53067,757],{"class":756},[52,53069,17549],{"class":760},[52,53071,757],{"class":756},[52,53073,112],{"class":66},[52,53075,53076],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53077,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53079,53080,53082,53084,53086],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,53081,118],{"class":101},[52,53083,105],{"class":66},[52,53085,17596],{"class":108},[52,53087,112],{"class":66},[20,53089,311],{},[43,53091,53093],{"className":45,"code":53092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,53094,53095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53096,53097,53099,53101,53103,53105,53107,53109,53111,53113,53115,53117,53119,53121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53098,3994],{"class":66},[52,53100,3406],{"class":756},[52,53102,13182],{"class":760},[52,53104,3406],{"class":756},[52,53106,74],{"class":66},[52,53108,3401],{"class":756},[52,53110,13199],{"class":760},[52,53112,3406],{"class":756},[52,53114,74],{"class":66},[52,53116,3401],{"class":756},[52,53118,17549],{"class":760},[52,53120,3406],{"class":756},[52,53122,90],{"class":66},[20,53124,53125],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,53127,31178,53128,242],{},[236,53129,53131],{"href":53130},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[38,53133,53135],{"id":53134},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,53137,53138],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[43,53140,53142],{"className":45,"code":53141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53143,53144,53152,53156,53170,53188,53202,53228,53250,53254],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53145,53146,53148,53150],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53147,7863],{"class":58},[52,53149,63],{"class":62},[52,53151,7923],{"class":66},[52,53153,53154],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53155,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53157,53158,53160,53162,53164,53166,53168],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53159,7894],{"class":58},[52,53161,242],{"class":66},[52,53163,13643],{"class":108},[52,53165,105],{"class":66},[52,53167,430],{"class":70},[52,53169,112],{"class":66},[52,53171,53172,53174,53176,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,53173,7894],{"class":58},[52,53175,242],{"class":66},[52,53177,13643],{"class":108},[52,53179,105],{"class":66},[52,53181,757],{"class":756},[52,53183,761],{"class":760},[52,53185,757],{"class":756},[52,53187,112],{"class":66},[52,53189,53190,53192,53194,53196,53198,53200],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,53191,7894],{"class":58},[52,53193,242],{"class":66},[52,53195,13643],{"class":108},[52,53197,105],{"class":66},[52,53199,173],{"class":674},[52,53201,112],{"class":66},[52,53203,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212,53214,53216,53218,53220,53222,53224,53226],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,53205,7894],{"class":58},[52,53207,242],{"class":66},[52,53209,13643],{"class":108},[52,53211,5618],{"class":66},[52,53213,757],{"class":756},[52,53215,7751],{"class":760},[52,53217,757],{"class":756},[52,53219,1772],{"class":66},[52,53221,768],{"class":756},[52,53223,7760],{"class":760},[52,53225,757],{"class":756},[52,53227,30591],{"class":66},[52,53229,53230,53232,53234,53236,53238,53240,53242,53244,53246,53248],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,53231,7894],{"class":58},[52,53233,242],{"class":66},[52,53235,13643],{"class":108},[52,53237,1058],{"class":66},[52,53239,71],{"class":70},[52,53241,74],{"class":66},[52,53243,77],{"class":70},[52,53245,74],{"class":66},[52,53247,82],{"class":70},[52,53249,1858],{"class":66},[52,53251,53252],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,53253,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53255,53256,53258,53260,53262],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,53257,118],{"class":101},[52,53259,105],{"class":66},[52,53261,7894],{"class":108},[52,53263,112],{"class":66},[20,53265,311],{},[43,53267,53269],{"className":45,"code":53268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,53270,53271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53272,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287,53289,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301,53303,53305,53307,53310,53312,53314,53316,53318,53320,53322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53274,3994],{"class":66},[52,53276,430],{"class":70},[52,53278,74],{"class":66},[52,53280,3401],{"class":756},[52,53282,761],{"class":760},[52,53284,3406],{"class":756},[52,53286,74],{"class":66},[52,53288,684],{"class":674},[52,53290,74],{"class":66},[52,53292,10577],{"class":66},[52,53294,3406],{"class":756},[52,53296,7751],{"class":760},[52,53298,3406],{"class":756},[52,53300,1772],{"class":66},[52,53302,3401],{"class":756},[52,53304,7760],{"class":760},[52,53306,3406],{"class":756},[52,53308,53309],{"class":66},"},",[52,53311,67],{"class":66},[52,53313,71],{"class":70},[52,53315,74],{"class":66},[52,53317,77],{"class":70},[52,53319,74],{"class":66},[52,53321,82],{"class":70},[52,53323,905],{"class":66},[20,53325,53326,53327,42241,53329,242],{},"A list added with ",[15,53328,52734],{},[3842,53330,53331],{},"one single item",[43,53333,53335],{"className":45,"code":53334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53336,53337,53353,53371,53375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53338,53339,53341,53343,53345,53347,53349,53351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53340,59],{"class":58},[52,53342,63],{"class":62},[52,53344,67],{"class":66},[52,53346,71],{"class":70},[52,53348,74],{"class":66},[52,53350,77],{"class":70},[52,53352,90],{"class":66},[52,53354,53355,53357,53359,53361,53363,53365,53367,53369],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53356,109],{"class":58},[52,53358,242],{"class":66},[52,53360,13643],{"class":108},[52,53362,1058],{"class":66},[52,53364,445],{"class":70},[52,53366,74],{"class":66},[52,53368,87],{"class":70},[52,53370,1858],{"class":66},[52,53372,53373],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53374,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53376,53377,53379,53381,53383],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,53378,118],{"class":101},[52,53380,105],{"class":66},[52,53382,109],{"class":108},[52,53384,112],{"class":66},[20,53386,311],{},[43,53388,53390],{"className":45,"code":53389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,53391,53392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53393,53394,53396,53398,53400,53402,53404,53406,53408,53410,53412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53395,3994],{"class":66},[52,53397,71],{"class":70},[52,53399,74],{"class":66},[52,53401,77],{"class":70},[52,53403,74],{"class":66},[52,53405,67],{"class":66},[52,53407,445],{"class":70},[52,53409,74],{"class":66},[52,53411,87],{"class":70},[52,53413,905],{"class":66},[20,53415,2404,53416,53419],{},[15,53417,53418],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,53421,53422,53423,53429],{},"This is different from ",[236,53424,53426],{"href":53425},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,53427,53428],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[38,53431,53433],{"id":53432},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,53435,53436],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[461,53438,1372,53440],{"id":53439},"using-append",[15,53441,52734],{},[43,53443,53444],{"className":45,"code":53334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53445,53446,53462,53480,53484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53447,53448,53450,53452,53454,53456,53458,53460],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53449,59],{"class":58},[52,53451,63],{"class":62},[52,53453,67],{"class":66},[52,53455,71],{"class":70},[52,53457,74],{"class":66},[52,53459,77],{"class":70},[52,53461,90],{"class":66},[52,53463,53464,53466,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53465,109],{"class":58},[52,53467,242],{"class":66},[52,53469,13643],{"class":108},[52,53471,1058],{"class":66},[52,53473,445],{"class":70},[52,53475,74],{"class":66},[52,53477,87],{"class":70},[52,53479,1858],{"class":66},[52,53481,53482],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53483,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53485,53486,53488,53490,53492],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,53487,118],{"class":101},[52,53489,105],{"class":66},[52,53491,109],{"class":108},[52,53493,112],{"class":66},[20,53495,311],{},[43,53497,53498],{"className":45,"code":53389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53499,53500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53501,53502,53504,53506,53508,53510,53512,53514,53516,53518,53520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53503,3994],{"class":66},[52,53505,71],{"class":70},[52,53507,74],{"class":66},[52,53509,77],{"class":70},[52,53511,74],{"class":66},[52,53513,67],{"class":66},[52,53515,445],{"class":70},[52,53517,74],{"class":66},[52,53519,87],{"class":70},[52,53521,905],{"class":66},[461,53523,1372,53525],{"id":53524},"using-extend",[15,53526,53527],{},"extend()",[43,53529,53531],{"className":45,"code":53530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53532,53533,53549,53568,53572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53534,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543,53545,53547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53536,59],{"class":58},[52,53538,63],{"class":62},[52,53540,67],{"class":66},[52,53542,71],{"class":70},[52,53544,74],{"class":66},[52,53546,77],{"class":70},[52,53548,90],{"class":66},[52,53550,53551,53553,53555,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53552,109],{"class":58},[52,53554,242],{"class":66},[52,53556,53557],{"class":108},"extend",[52,53559,1058],{"class":66},[52,53561,445],{"class":70},[52,53563,74],{"class":66},[52,53565,87],{"class":70},[52,53567,1858],{"class":66},[52,53569,53570],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53571,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53573,53574,53576,53578,53580],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,53575,118],{"class":101},[52,53577,105],{"class":66},[52,53579,109],{"class":108},[52,53581,112],{"class":66},[20,53583,311],{},[43,53585,53587],{"className":45,"code":53586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53588,53589],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53590,53591,53593,53595,53597,53599,53601,53603,53605,53607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53592,3994],{"class":66},[52,53594,71],{"class":70},[52,53596,74],{"class":66},[52,53598,77],{"class":70},[52,53600,74],{"class":66},[52,53602,82],{"class":70},[52,53604,74],{"class":66},[52,53606,87],{"class":70},[52,53608,90],{"class":66},[20,53610,53611],{},"The difference:",[153,53613,53614,53620,53626,53631],{},[156,53615,53616,53619],{},[15,53617,53618],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[156,53621,53622,53625],{},[15,53623,53624],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[156,53627,133,53628,53630],{},[15,53629,52734],{}," for one item",[156,53632,133,53633,53635],{},[15,53634,53527],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53637,53638,53639,242],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[236,53640,53641],{"href":53425},"Python list extend() method",[38,53643,4610],{"id":4609},[461,53645,53647],{"id":53646},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53649,25785],{},[43,53651,53653],{"className":45,"code":53652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53654,53655,53675,53693,53697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53656,53657,53659,53661,53663,53665,53667,53669,53671,53673],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53658,7863],{"class":58},[52,53660,63],{"class":62},[52,53662,67],{"class":66},[52,53664,71],{"class":70},[52,53666,74],{"class":66},[52,53668,77],{"class":70},[52,53670,74],{"class":66},[52,53672,82],{"class":70},[52,53674,90],{"class":66},[52,53676,53677,53679,53681,53683,53685,53687,53689,53691],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53678,7863],{"class":58},[52,53680,63],{"class":62},[52,53682,6053],{"class":58},[52,53684,242],{"class":66},[52,53686,13643],{"class":108},[52,53688,105],{"class":66},[52,53690,1595],{"class":70},[52,53692,112],{"class":66},[52,53694,53695],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53696,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53698,53699,53701,53703,53705],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,53700,118],{"class":101},[52,53702,105],{"class":66},[52,53704,7894],{"class":108},[52,53706,112],{"class":66},[20,53708,311],{},[43,53710,53711],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53712,53713],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53714,53715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53716,11895],{"class":674},[20,53718,11987],{},[153,53720,53721,53726,53732],{},[156,53722,53723,53725],{},[15,53724,52734],{}," changes the list in place",[156,53727,53728,2514,53730],{},[15,53729,52734],{},[15,53731,3878],{},[156,53733,53734,53735,53738,53739],{},"So ",[15,53736,53737],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53740,3878],{},[20,53742,10895],{},[43,53744,53746],{"className":45,"code":53745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53747,53748,53768,53782,53786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53749,53750,53752,53754,53756,53758,53760,53762,53764,53766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53751,7863],{"class":58},[52,53753,63],{"class":62},[52,53755,67],{"class":66},[52,53757,71],{"class":70},[52,53759,74],{"class":66},[52,53761,77],{"class":70},[52,53763,74],{"class":66},[52,53765,82],{"class":70},[52,53767,90],{"class":66},[52,53769,53770,53772,53774,53776,53778,53780],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53771,7894],{"class":58},[52,53773,242],{"class":66},[52,53775,13643],{"class":108},[52,53777,105],{"class":66},[52,53779,1595],{"class":70},[52,53781,112],{"class":66},[52,53783,53784],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53785,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53787,53788,53790,53792,53794],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,53789,118],{"class":101},[52,53791,105],{"class":66},[52,53793,7894],{"class":108},[52,53795,112],{"class":66},[20,53797,311],{},[43,53799,53800],{"className":45,"code":53586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53801,53802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53803,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814,53816,53818,53820],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53805,3994],{"class":66},[52,53807,71],{"class":70},[52,53809,74],{"class":66},[52,53811,77],{"class":70},[52,53813,74],{"class":66},[52,53815,82],{"class":70},[52,53817,74],{"class":66},[52,53819,87],{"class":70},[52,53821,90],{"class":66},[461,53823,53825],{"id":53824},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53827,19007],{},[43,53829,53831],{"className":45,"code":53830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53832,53833,53857],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53834,53835,53837,53839,53841,53843,53845,53847,53849,53851,53853,53855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53836,31978],{"class":58},[52,53838,63],{"class":62},[52,53840,67],{"class":66},[52,53842,71],{"class":70},[52,53844,74],{"class":66},[52,53846,77],{"class":70},[52,53848,13640],{"class":66},[52,53850,13643],{"class":108},[52,53852,105],{"class":66},[52,53854,445],{"class":70},[52,53856,112],{"class":66},[52,53858,53859,53861,53863,53865],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53860,118],{"class":101},[52,53862,105],{"class":66},[52,53864,31997],{"class":108},[52,53866,112],{"class":66},[20,53868,311],{},[43,53870,53871],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53872,53873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53874,53875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53876,11895],{"class":674},[20,53878,53879,53880,53882],{},"Remember: ",[15,53881,52734],{}," updates the list you already have.",[461,53884,53886],{"id":53885},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[43,53888,53889],{"className":45,"code":53334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53890,53891,53907,53925,53929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53892,53893,53895,53897,53899,53901,53903,53905],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53894,59],{"class":58},[52,53896,63],{"class":62},[52,53898,67],{"class":66},[52,53900,71],{"class":70},[52,53902,74],{"class":66},[52,53904,77],{"class":70},[52,53906,90],{"class":66},[52,53908,53909,53911,53913,53915,53917,53919,53921,53923],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,53910,109],{"class":58},[52,53912,242],{"class":66},[52,53914,13643],{"class":108},[52,53916,1058],{"class":66},[52,53918,445],{"class":70},[52,53920,74],{"class":66},[52,53922,87],{"class":70},[52,53924,1858],{"class":66},[52,53926,53927],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,53928,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,53930,53931,53933,53935,53937],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,53932,118],{"class":101},[52,53934,105],{"class":66},[52,53936,109],{"class":108},[52,53938,112],{"class":66},[20,53940,311],{},[43,53942,53943],{"className":45,"code":53389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,53944,53945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,53946,53947,53949,53951,53953,53955,53957,53959,53961,53963,53965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,53948,3994],{"class":66},[52,53950,71],{"class":70},[52,53952,74],{"class":66},[52,53954,77],{"class":70},[52,53956,74],{"class":66},[52,53958,67],{"class":66},[52,53960,445],{"class":70},[52,53962,74],{"class":66},[52,53964,87],{"class":70},[52,53966,905],{"class":66},[20,53968,3274,53969,53972,53973,6712],{},[15,53970,53971],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53974,53527],{},[461,53976,53978],{"id":53977},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53980,53981,53983],{},[15,53982,52734],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53985,53986,53987,242],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[236,53988,53990],{"href":53989},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53991,53992],{},"list.insert()",[20,53994,2324],{},[43,53996,53998],{"className":45,"code":53997,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53999,54000,54024,54047,54051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54001,54002,54004,54006,54008,54010,54012,54014,54016,54018,54020,54022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54003,1387],{"class":58},[52,54005,63],{"class":62},[52,54007,67],{"class":66},[52,54009,757],{"class":756},[52,54011,236],{"class":760},[52,54013,757],{"class":756},[52,54015,74],{"class":66},[52,54017,768],{"class":756},[52,54019,9825],{"class":760},[52,54021,757],{"class":756},[52,54023,90],{"class":66},[52,54025,54026,54028,54030,54033,54035,54037,54039,54041,54043,54045],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54027,1458],{"class":58},[52,54029,242],{"class":66},[52,54031,54032],{"class":108},"insert",[52,54034,105],{"class":66},[52,54036,71],{"class":70},[52,54038,74],{"class":66},[52,54040,768],{"class":756},[52,54042,4853],{"class":760},[52,54044,757],{"class":756},[52,54046,112],{"class":66},[52,54048,54049],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54050,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54052,54053,54055,54057,54059],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,54054,118],{"class":101},[52,54056,105],{"class":66},[52,54058,1458],{"class":108},[52,54060,112],{"class":66},[20,54062,311],{},[43,54064,54065],{"className":45,"code":42959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54066,54067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54068,54069,54071,54073,54075,54077,54079,54081,54083,54085,54087,54089,54091,54093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54070,3994],{"class":66},[52,54072,3406],{"class":756},[52,54074,236],{"class":760},[52,54076,3406],{"class":756},[52,54078,74],{"class":66},[52,54080,3401],{"class":756},[52,54082,4853],{"class":760},[52,54084,3406],{"class":756},[52,54086,74],{"class":66},[52,54088,3401],{"class":756},[52,54090,9825],{"class":760},[52,54092,3406],{"class":756},[52,54094,90],{"class":66},[38,54096,54098],{"id":54097},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,54100,54101,54103],{},[15,54102,52734],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,54105,36520],{},[153,54107,54108,54111,54114,54117],{},[156,54109,54110],{},"building a list in a loop",[156,54112,54113],{},"collecting user input",[156,54115,54116],{},"storing results step by step",[156,54118,54119],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,54121,54122],{},"Example with a loop:",[43,54124,54126],{"className":45,"code":54125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,54127,54128,54137,54141,54162,54181,54185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54129,54130,54133,54135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54131,54132],{"class":58},"squares ",[52,54134,63],{"class":62},[52,54136,7923],{"class":66},[52,54138,54139],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54140,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54142,54143,54145,54147,54149,54152,54154,54156,54158,54160],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54144,1678],{"class":1195},[52,54146,1681],{"class":58},[52,54148,1202],{"class":1195},[52,54150,54151],{"class":101}," range",[52,54153,105],{"class":66},[52,54155,71],{"class":70},[52,54157,74],{"class":66},[52,54159,4696],{"class":70},[52,54161,8428],{"class":66},[52,54163,54164,54167,54169,54171,54173,54175,54177,54179],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,54165,54166],{"class":58},"    squares",[52,54168,242],{"class":66},[52,54170,13643],{"class":108},[52,54172,105],{"class":66},[52,54174,2334],{"class":108},[52,54176,39965],{"class":62},[52,54178,2313],{"class":108},[52,54180,112],{"class":66},[52,54182,54183],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,54184,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54186,54187,54189,54191,54194],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,54188,118],{"class":101},[52,54190,105],{"class":66},[52,54192,54193],{"class":108},"squares",[52,54195,112],{"class":66},[20,54197,311],{},[43,54199,54201],{"className":45,"code":54200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,54202,54203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54204,54205,54207,54209,54211,54213,54215,54217,54219,54221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54206,3994],{"class":66},[52,54208,71],{"class":70},[52,54210,74],{"class":66},[52,54212,87],{"class":70},[52,54214,74],{"class":66},[52,54216,1605],{"class":70},[52,54218,74],{"class":66},[52,54220,14078],{"class":70},[52,54222,90],{"class":66},[38,54224,1919],{"id":1918},[461,54226,54228],{"id":54227},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,54230,46450,54231,54233,54234,242],{},[15,54232,52734],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,54235,3878],{},[461,54237,54239],{"id":54238},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,54241,54242,54243,242],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[236,54244,54245],{"href":53425},[15,54246,53527],{},[461,54248,54250],{"id":54249},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,54252,54253],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,54255,2324],{},[43,54257,54259],{"className":45,"code":54258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,54260,54261,54277,54295,54299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54262,54263,54265,54267,54269,54271,54273,54275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54264,9251],{"class":58},[52,54266,63],{"class":62},[52,54268,67],{"class":66},[52,54270,71],{"class":70},[52,54272,74],{"class":66},[52,54274,77],{"class":70},[52,54276,90],{"class":66},[52,54278,54279,54281,54283,54285,54287,54289,54291,54293],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54280,9289],{"class":58},[52,54282,242],{"class":66},[52,54284,13643],{"class":108},[52,54286,1058],{"class":66},[52,54288,445],{"class":70},[52,54290,74],{"class":66},[52,54292,87],{"class":70},[52,54294,1858],{"class":66},[52,54296,54297],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54298,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54300,54301,54303,54305,54307],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,54302,118],{"class":101},[52,54304,105],{"class":66},[52,54306,9289],{"class":108},[52,54308,112],{"class":66},[20,54310,311],{},[43,54312,54313],{"className":45,"code":53389,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54314,54315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54316,54317,54319,54321,54323,54325,54327,54329,54331,54333,54335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54318,3994],{"class":66},[52,54320,71],{"class":70},[52,54322,74],{"class":66},[52,54324,77],{"class":70},[52,54326,74],{"class":66},[52,54328,67],{"class":66},[52,54330,445],{"class":70},[52,54332,74],{"class":66},[52,54334,87],{"class":70},[52,54336,905],{"class":66},[461,54338,54340],{"id":54339},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,54342,54343,54345,54346,54349],{},[15,54344,52734],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,54347,54348],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[38,54351,1986],{"id":1985},[153,54353,54354,54359,54363,54368,54372],{},[156,54355,54356],{},[236,54357,54358],{"href":53130},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[156,54360,54361],{},[236,54362,53641],{"href":53425},[156,54364,54365],{},[236,54366,54367],{"href":53989},"Python list insert() method",[156,54369,54370],{},[236,54371,52853],{"href":51063},[156,54373,54374],{},[236,54375,54377],{"href":54376},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[2029,54379,54380],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":54382},[54383,54384,54385,54386,54387,54388,54394,54400,54401,54407],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":52813,"depth":93,"text":52814},{"id":5519,"depth":93,"text":5520},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":53134,"depth":93,"text":53135},{"id":53432,"depth":93,"text":53433,"children":54389},[54390,54392],{"id":53439,"depth":115,"text":54391},"Using append()",{"id":53524,"depth":115,"text":54393},"Using extend()",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":54395},[54396,54397,54398,54399],{"id":53646,"depth":115,"text":53647},{"id":53824,"depth":115,"text":53825},{"id":53885,"depth":115,"text":53886},{"id":53977,"depth":115,"text":53978},{"id":54097,"depth":93,"text":54098},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":54402},[54403,54404,54405,54406],{"id":54227,"depth":115,"text":54228},{"id":54238,"depth":115,"text":54239},{"id":54249,"depth":115,"text":54250},{"id":54339,"depth":115,"text":54340},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52724,"description":54408},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":54415,"title":54416,"body":54417,"description":55661,"extension":2083,"meta":55662,"navigation":296,"path":55663,"seo":55664,"stem":55665,"__hash__":55666},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":54418,"toc":55626},[54419,54425,54431,54437,54439,54487,54492,54497,54501,54517,54523,54525,54528,54543,54545,54556,54558,54560,54617,54619,54627,54629,54645,54651,54653,54659,54663,54747,54750,54799,54806,54814,54817,54831,54844,54850,54925,54932,54939,55013,55021,55024,55035,55044,55048,55052,55063,55065,55142,55163,55165,55175,55178,55226,55228,55249,55252,55254,55305,55311,55318,55385,55391,55397,55400,55427,55432,55438,55441,55513,55516,55527,55533,55535,55541,55544,55550,55556,55563,55571,55577,55583,55585,55623],[10,54420,54422,54423,11411],{"id":54421},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,54424,11410],{},[20,54426,54427,54430],{},[15,54428,54429],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,54432,54433,54434,54436],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3842,54435,11423],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[38,54438,3712],{"id":3711},[43,54440,54442],{"className":45,"code":54441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54443,54444,54464,54474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54445,54446,54448,54450,54452,54454,54456,54458,54460,54462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54447,7863],{"class":58},[52,54449,63],{"class":62},[52,54451,67],{"class":66},[52,54453,71],{"class":70},[52,54455,74],{"class":66},[52,54457,77],{"class":70},[52,54459,74],{"class":66},[52,54461,82],{"class":70},[52,54463,90],{"class":66},[52,54465,54466,54468,54470,54472],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54467,7894],{"class":58},[52,54469,242],{"class":66},[52,54471,11472],{"class":108},[52,54473,8729],{"class":66},[52,54475,54476,54478,54480,54482,54484],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54477,118],{"class":101},[52,54479,105],{"class":66},[52,54481,7894],{"class":108},[52,54483,126],{"class":66},[52,54485,54486],{"class":129},"  # []\n",[20,54488,133,54489,54491],{},[15,54490,11410],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[38,54493,140,54495,143],{"id":54494},"what-listclear-does",[15,54496,54429],{},[20,54498,54499,1772],{},[15,54500,54429],{},[153,54502,54503,54506,54509,54514],{},[156,54504,54505],{},"Removes every item from a list",[156,54507,54508],{},"Changes the original list in place",[156,54510,54511,54512],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54513,3887],{},[156,54515,54516],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54518,54519,54520,54522],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54521,11410],{},", but it contains no values.",[38,54524,181],{"id":180},[20,54526,54527],{},"Syntax:",[43,54529,54531],{"className":45,"code":54530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54532,54533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54534,54535,54537,54539,54541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54536,8425],{"class":58},[52,54538,242],{"class":66},[52,54540,11472],{"class":108},[52,54542,8729],{"class":66},[20,54544,11548],{},[153,54546,54547,54550,54553],{},[156,54548,54549],{},"Call it on a list object",[156,54551,54552],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[156,54554,54555],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[38,54557,246],{"id":245},[20,54559,11566],{},[43,54561,54563],{"className":45,"code":54562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54564,54565,54589,54593,54603,54607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54566,54567,54569,54571,54573,54575,54577,54579,54581,54583,54585,54587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54568,59],{"class":58},[52,54570,63],{"class":62},[52,54572,67],{"class":66},[52,54574,430],{"class":70},[52,54576,74],{"class":66},[52,54578,7874],{"class":70},[52,54580,74],{"class":66},[52,54582,7879],{"class":70},[52,54584,74],{"class":66},[52,54586,50927],{"class":70},[52,54588,90],{"class":66},[52,54590,54591],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54592,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54594,54595,54597,54599,54601],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54596,109],{"class":58},[52,54598,242],{"class":66},[52,54600,11472],{"class":108},[52,54602,8729],{"class":66},[52,54604,54605],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,54606,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54608,54609,54611,54613,54615],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,54610,118],{"class":101},[52,54612,105],{"class":66},[52,54614,109],{"class":108},[52,54616,112],{"class":66},[20,54618,311],{},[43,54620,54621],{"className":45,"code":38390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54622,54623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54624,54625],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54626,38390],{"class":66},[20,54628,323],{},[153,54630,54631,54636,54642],{},[156,54632,54633,54635],{},[15,54634,109],{}," starts with four items",[156,54637,54638,54641],{},[15,54639,54640],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[156,54643,54644],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54646,54647,54648,242],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[236,54649,52853],{"href":54650},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[38,54652,17512],{"id":17511},[20,54654,54655,2514,54657,242],{},[15,54656,11410],{},[15,54658,3878],{},[20,54660,40996,54661,52749],{},[3842,54662,4722],{},[43,54664,54666],{"className":45,"code":54665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54667,54668,54700,54704,54718,54722,54735],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54669,54670,54672,54674,54676,54678,54680,54682,54684,54686,54688,54690,54692,54694,54696,54698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54671,7863],{"class":58},[52,54673,63],{"class":62},[52,54675,67],{"class":66},[52,54677,757],{"class":756},[52,54679,236],{"class":760},[52,54681,757],{"class":756},[52,54683,74],{"class":66},[52,54685,768],{"class":756},[52,54687,4853],{"class":760},[52,54689,757],{"class":756},[52,54691,74],{"class":66},[52,54693,768],{"class":756},[52,54695,9825],{"class":760},[52,54697,757],{"class":756},[52,54699,90],{"class":66},[52,54701,54702],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54703,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54705,54706,54708,54710,54712,54714,54716],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54707,2347],{"class":58},[52,54709,63],{"class":62},[52,54711,6053],{"class":58},[52,54713,242],{"class":66},[52,54715,11472],{"class":108},[52,54717,8729],{"class":66},[52,54719,54720],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,54721,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54723,54724,54726,54728,54730,54732],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,54725,118],{"class":101},[52,54727,105],{"class":66},[52,54729,7894],{"class":108},[52,54731,126],{"class":66},[52,54733,54734],{"class":129},"   # []\n",[52,54736,54737,54739,54741,54743,54745],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,54738,118],{"class":101},[52,54740,105],{"class":66},[52,54742,2382],{"class":108},[52,54744,126],{"class":66},[52,54746,20970],{"class":129},[20,54748,54749],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[43,54751,54753],{"className":45,"code":54752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54754,54755,54775,54789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54756,54757,54759,54761,54763,54765,54767,54769,54771,54773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54758,7863],{"class":58},[52,54760,63],{"class":62},[52,54762,67],{"class":66},[52,54764,71],{"class":70},[52,54766,74],{"class":66},[52,54768,77],{"class":70},[52,54770,74],{"class":66},[52,54772,82],{"class":70},[52,54774,90],{"class":66},[52,54776,54777,54779,54781,54783,54785,54787],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54778,7863],{"class":58},[52,54780,63],{"class":62},[52,54782,6053],{"class":58},[52,54784,242],{"class":66},[52,54786,11472],{"class":108},[52,54788,8729],{"class":66},[52,54790,54791,54793,54795,54797],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54792,118],{"class":101},[52,54794,105],{"class":66},[52,54796,7894],{"class":108},[52,54798,112],{"class":66},[20,54800,12003,54801,42241,54803,54805],{},[15,54802,7894],{},[15,54804,3878],{},", not an empty list.",[38,54807,54809,54811,54812],{"id":54808},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54810,11410],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54813,3887],{},[20,54815,54816],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[43,54818,54819],{"className":45,"code":54530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,54820,54821],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54822,54823,54825,54827,54829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54824,8425],{"class":58},[52,54826,242],{"class":66},[52,54828,11472],{"class":108},[52,54830,8729],{"class":66},[43,54832,54834],{"className":45,"code":54833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n",[15,54835,54836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54837,54838,54840,54842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54839,8394],{"class":58},[52,54841,63],{"class":62},[52,54843,7923],{"class":66},[461,54845,54847,54849],{"id":54846},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54848,11410],{}," empties the same list object",[43,54851,54853],{"className":45,"code":54852,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54854,54855,54875,54883,54887,54897,54901,54913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54856,54857,54859,54861,54863,54865,54867,54869,54871,54873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54858,2668],{"class":58},[52,54860,63],{"class":62},[52,54862,67],{"class":66},[52,54864,71],{"class":70},[52,54866,74],{"class":66},[52,54868,77],{"class":70},[52,54870,74],{"class":66},[52,54872,82],{"class":70},[52,54874,90],{"class":66},[52,54876,54877,54879,54881],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54878,2696],{"class":58},[52,54880,63],{"class":62},[52,54882,36271],{"class":58},[52,54884,54885],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54886,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54888,54889,54891,54893,54895],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,54890,236],{"class":58},[52,54892,242],{"class":66},[52,54894,11472],{"class":108},[52,54896,8729],{"class":66},[52,54898,54899],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,54900,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54902,54903,54905,54907,54909,54911],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,54904,118],{"class":101},[52,54906,105],{"class":66},[52,54908,236],{"class":108},[52,54910,126],{"class":66},[52,54912,54486],{"class":129},[52,54914,54915,54917,54919,54921,54923],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,54916,118],{"class":101},[52,54918,105],{"class":66},[52,54920,4853],{"class":108},[52,54922,126],{"class":66},[52,54924,54486],{"class":129},[20,54926,10677,54927,652,54929,54931],{},[15,54928,236],{},[15,54930,4853],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[461,54933,54935,54938],{"id":54934},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54936,54937],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[43,54940,54942],{"className":45,"code":54941,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54943,54944,54964,54972,54976,54984,54988,55000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,54945,54946,54948,54950,54952,54954,54956,54958,54960,54962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,54947,2668],{"class":58},[52,54949,63],{"class":62},[52,54951,67],{"class":66},[52,54953,71],{"class":70},[52,54955,74],{"class":66},[52,54957,77],{"class":70},[52,54959,74],{"class":66},[52,54961,82],{"class":70},[52,54963,90],{"class":66},[52,54965,54966,54968,54970],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,54967,2696],{"class":58},[52,54969,63],{"class":62},[52,54971,36271],{"class":58},[52,54973,54974],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,54975,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54977,54978,54980,54982],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,54979,2668],{"class":58},[52,54981,63],{"class":62},[52,54983,7923],{"class":66},[52,54985,54986],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,54987,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,54989,54990,54992,54994,54996,54998],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,54991,118],{"class":101},[52,54993,105],{"class":66},[52,54995,236],{"class":108},[52,54997,126],{"class":66},[52,54999,54486],{"class":129},[52,55001,55002,55004,55006,55008,55010],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,55003,118],{"class":101},[52,55005,105],{"class":66},[52,55007,4853],{"class":108},[52,55009,126],{"class":66},[52,55011,55012],{"class":129},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,55014,20865,55015,55017,55018,55020],{},[15,55016,236],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,55019,4853],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,55022,55023],{},"This difference matters when:",[153,55025,55026,55029,55032],{},[156,55027,55028],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[156,55030,55031],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[156,55033,55034],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,55036,55037,55038,242],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[236,55039,55041,55042,10828],{"href":55040},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,55043,12865],{},[38,55045,5054,55046],{"id":12525},[15,55047,11410],{},[20,55049,133,55050,6403],{},[15,55051,11410],{},[153,55053,55054,55057,55060],{},[156,55055,55056],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[156,55058,55059],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[156,55061,55062],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,55064,2324],{},[43,55066,55068],{"className":45,"code":55067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,55069,55070,55106,55110,55115,55126,55130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55071,55072,55075,55077,55079,55081,55084,55086,55088,55090,55093,55095,55097,55099,55102,55104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55073,55074],{"class":58},"shopping_cart ",[52,55076,63],{"class":62},[52,55078,67],{"class":66},[52,55080,757],{"class":756},[52,55082,55083],{"class":760},"milk",[52,55085,757],{"class":756},[52,55087,74],{"class":66},[52,55089,768],{"class":756},[52,55091,55092],{"class":760},"bread",[52,55094,757],{"class":756},[52,55096,74],{"class":66},[52,55098,768],{"class":756},[52,55100,55101],{"class":760},"eggs",[52,55103,757],{"class":756},[52,55105,90],{"class":66},[52,55107,55108],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55109,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,55111,55112],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55113,55114],{"class":129},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[52,55116,55117,55120,55122,55124],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,55118,55119],{"class":58},"shopping_cart",[52,55121,242],{"class":66},[52,55123,11472],{"class":108},[52,55125,8729],{"class":66},[52,55127,55128],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,55129,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,55131,55132,55134,55136,55138,55140],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,55133,118],{"class":101},[52,55135,105],{"class":66},[52,55137,55119],{"class":108},[52,55139,126],{"class":66},[52,55141,54486],{"class":129},[20,55143,55144,55145,55149,55150,55156,55157,242],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[236,55146,55148],{"href":55147},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[236,55151,55153,10828],{"href":55152},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,55154,55155],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[236,55158,55160,10828],{"href":55159},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,55161,55162],{},"list.pop()",[38,55164,4610],{"id":4609},[461,55166,55168,55169,11180,55172],{"id":55167},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,55170,55171],{},"my_list.clear",[15,55173,55174],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,55176,55177],{},"This does not call the method.",[43,55179,55181],{"className":45,"code":55180,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,55182,55183,55203,55207,55216],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55184,55185,55187,55189,55191,55193,55195,55197,55199,55201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55186,7863],{"class":58},[52,55188,63],{"class":62},[52,55190,67],{"class":66},[52,55192,71],{"class":70},[52,55194,74],{"class":66},[52,55196,77],{"class":70},[52,55198,74],{"class":66},[52,55200,82],{"class":70},[52,55202,90],{"class":66},[52,55204,55205],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55206,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,55208,55209,55211,55213],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55210,7894],{"class":58},[52,55212,242],{"class":66},[52,55214,55215],{"class":24845},"clear\n",[52,55217,55218,55220,55222,55224],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,55219,118],{"class":101},[52,55221,105],{"class":66},[52,55223,7894],{"class":108},[52,55225,112],{"class":66},[20,55227,311],{},[43,55229,55231],{"className":45,"code":55230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,55232,55233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55234,55235,55237,55239,55241,55243,55245,55247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55236,3994],{"class":66},[52,55238,71],{"class":70},[52,55240,74],{"class":66},[52,55242,77],{"class":70},[52,55244,74],{"class":66},[52,55246,82],{"class":70},[52,55248,90],{"class":66},[20,55250,55251],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,55253,10895],{},[43,55255,55257],{"className":45,"code":55256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,55258,55259,55279,55283,55293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55260,55261,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271,55273,55275,55277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55262,7863],{"class":58},[52,55264,63],{"class":62},[52,55266,67],{"class":66},[52,55268,71],{"class":70},[52,55270,74],{"class":66},[52,55272,77],{"class":70},[52,55274,74],{"class":66},[52,55276,82],{"class":70},[52,55278,90],{"class":66},[52,55280,55281],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55282,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,55284,55285,55287,55289,55291],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55286,7894],{"class":58},[52,55288,242],{"class":66},[52,55290,11472],{"class":108},[52,55292,8729],{"class":66},[52,55294,55295,55297,55299,55301,55303],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,55296,118],{"class":101},[52,55298,105],{"class":66},[52,55300,7894],{"class":108},[52,55302,126],{"class":66},[52,55304,54486],{"class":129},[461,55306,8538,55308,55310],{"id":55307},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,55309,11410],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,55312,55313,2514,55315,55317],{},[15,55314,11410],{},[15,55316,3878],{},", not the list.",[43,55319,55321],{"className":45,"code":55320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,55322,55323,55343,55357,55361,55373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55324,55325,55327,55329,55331,55333,55335,55337,55339,55341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55326,7863],{"class":58},[52,55328,63],{"class":62},[52,55330,67],{"class":66},[52,55332,71],{"class":70},[52,55334,74],{"class":66},[52,55336,77],{"class":70},[52,55338,74],{"class":66},[52,55340,82],{"class":70},[52,55342,90],{"class":66},[52,55344,55345,55347,55349,55351,55353,55355],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55346,2347],{"class":58},[52,55348,63],{"class":62},[52,55350,6053],{"class":58},[52,55352,242],{"class":66},[52,55354,11472],{"class":108},[52,55356,8729],{"class":66},[52,55358,55359],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55360,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,55362,55363,55365,55367,55369,55371],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,55364,118],{"class":101},[52,55366,105],{"class":66},[52,55368,2382],{"class":108},[52,55370,126],{"class":66},[52,55372,20970],{"class":129},[52,55374,55375,55377,55379,55381,55383],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,55376,118],{"class":101},[52,55378,105],{"class":66},[52,55380,7894],{"class":108},[52,55382,126],{"class":66},[52,55384,54734],{"class":129},[461,55386,1372,55388,55390],{"id":55387},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,55389,11410],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,55392,55393,55394,55396],{},"Some types have a ",[15,55395,11410],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,55398,55399],{},"This will fail:",[43,55401,55403],{"className":45,"code":55402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,55404,55405,55417],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55406,55407,55409,55411,55413,55415],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55408,34785],{"class":58},[52,55410,63],{"class":62},[52,55412,768],{"class":756},[52,55414,761],{"class":760},[52,55416,3465],{"class":756},[52,55418,55419,55421,55423,55425],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55420,34806],{"class":58},[52,55422,242],{"class":66},[52,55424,11472],{"class":108},[52,55426,8729],{"class":66},[20,55428,55429,55430,33697],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,55431,11410],{},[20,55433,55434,55435,55437],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,55436,3878],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,55439,55440],{},"Useful checks:",[43,55442,55444],{"className":45,"code":55443,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,55445,55446,55456,55470,55484,55493,55503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55447,55448,55450,55452,55454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55449,118],{"class":101},[52,55451,105],{"class":66},[52,55453,8425],{"class":108},[52,55455,112],{"class":66},[52,55457,55458,55460,55462,55464,55466,55468],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55459,118],{"class":101},[52,55461,105],{"class":66},[52,55463,1827],{"class":1184},[52,55465,105],{"class":66},[52,55467,8425],{"class":108},[52,55469,510],{"class":66},[52,55471,55472,55474,55476,55478,55480,55482],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55473,118],{"class":101},[52,55475,105],{"class":66},[52,55477,12737],{"class":101},[52,55479,105],{"class":66},[52,55481,8425],{"class":108},[52,55483,510],{"class":66},[52,55485,55486,55488,55490],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,55487,43633],{"class":58},[52,55489,63],{"class":62},[52,55491,55492],{"class":58}," my_list\n",[52,55494,55495,55497,55499,55501],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,55496,8425],{"class":58},[52,55498,242],{"class":66},[52,55500,11472],{"class":108},[52,55502,8729],{"class":66},[52,55504,55505,55507,55509,55511],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,55506,118],{"class":101},[52,55508,105],{"class":66},[52,55510,30838],{"class":108},[52,55512,112],{"class":66},[20,55514,55515],{},"These can help you see:",[153,55517,55518,55521,55524],{},[156,55519,55520],{},"What the variable currently contains",[156,55522,55523],{},"Whether it is really a list",[156,55525,55526],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55528,55529,55530,242],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[236,55531,55532],{"href":54376},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[38,55534,1919],{"id":1918},[461,55536,12792,55538,55540],{"id":55537},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55539,54429],{}," delete the list?",[20,55542,55543],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[461,55545,12792,55547,55549],{"id":55546},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55548,54429],{}," return a new list?",[20,55551,55552,55553,55555],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55554,3878],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[461,55557,5270,55559,652,55561,1963],{"id":55558},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55560,11410],{},[15,55562,54937],{},[20,55564,55565,55567,55568,55570],{},[15,55566,11410],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55569,54937],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[461,55572,28423,55574,55576],{"id":55573},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55575,11410],{}," on other types?",[20,55578,55579,55580,55582],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55581,11410],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[38,55584,1986],{"id":1985},[153,55586,55587,55591,55596,55603,55610,55616],{},[156,55588,55589],{},[236,55590,52853],{"href":54650},[156,55592,55593],{},[236,55594,55595],{"href":55147},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[156,55597,55598],{},[236,55599,55600,55601,10828],{"href":55159},"Python list ",[15,55602,12851],{},[156,55604,55605],{},[236,55606,55600,55607,10828],{"href":55152},[15,55608,55609],{},"remove()",[156,55611,55612],{},[236,55613,55600,55614,10828],{"href":55040},[15,55615,12865],{},[156,55617,55618],{},[236,55619,30442,55620,33730],{"href":54376},[15,55621,55622],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[2029,55624,55625],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":55627},[55628,55629,55631,55632,55633,55634,55641,55642,55650,55660],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":54494,"depth":93,"text":55630},"What list.clear() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":54808,"depth":93,"text":55635,"children":55636},"clear() vs assigning []",[55637,55639],{"id":54846,"depth":115,"text":55638},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54934,"depth":115,"text":55640},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12525,"depth":93,"text":12897},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":55643},[55644,55646,55648],{"id":55167,"depth":115,"text":55645},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":55307,"depth":115,"text":55647},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":55387,"depth":115,"text":55649},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":55651},[55652,55654,55656,55658],{"id":55537,"depth":115,"text":55653},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55546,"depth":115,"text":55655},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55558,"depth":115,"text":55657},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55573,"depth":115,"text":55659},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":54416,"description":55661},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55668,"title":55669,"body":55670,"description":57354,"extension":2083,"meta":57355,"navigation":296,"path":57356,"seo":57357,"stem":57358,"__hash__":57359},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55671,"toc":57322},[55672,55677,55683,55691,55693,55782,55789,55794,55798,55812,55814,55891,55893,55954,55957,55959,55961,55982,55985,55999,56002,56047,56049,56057,56060,56066,56072,56075,56152,56154,56199,56202,56207,56290,56292,56333,56338,56342,56348,56350,56358,56361,56453,56455,56513,56516,56532,56537,56547,56552,56554,56559,56564,56567,56569,56626,56629,56682,56688,56693,56697,56714,56716,56800,56802,56843,56851,56853,56858,56864,56866,56929,56934,57004,57008,57043,57046,57048,57087,57091,57167,57173,57179,57184,57206,57209,57228,57236,57238,57244,57247,57254,57262,57267,57270,57274,57280,57288,57291,57293,57319],[10,55673,54422,55675,11411],{"id":55674},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55676,12865],{},[20,55678,55679,55682],{},[15,55680,55681],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55684,55685,55686,14144,55688,55690],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55687,63],{},[3842,55689,4722],{}," make a real copy.",[38,55692,41],{"id":40},[43,55694,55696],{"className":45,"code":55695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55697,55698,55718,55733,55737,55752,55756,55769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55699,55700,55702,55704,55706,55708,55710,55712,55714,55716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55701,59],{"class":58},[52,55703,63],{"class":62},[52,55705,67],{"class":66},[52,55707,71],{"class":70},[52,55709,74],{"class":66},[52,55711,77],{"class":70},[52,55713,74],{"class":66},[52,55715,82],{"class":70},[52,55717,90],{"class":66},[52,55719,55720,55723,55725,55727,55729,55731],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55721,55722],{"class":58},"new_numbers ",[52,55724,63],{"class":62},[52,55726,1686],{"class":58},[52,55728,242],{"class":66},[52,55730,13000],{"class":108},[52,55732,8729],{"class":66},[52,55734,55735],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55736,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,55738,55739,55742,55744,55746,55748,55750],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,55740,55741],{"class":58},"new_numbers",[52,55743,242],{"class":66},[52,55745,13643],{"class":108},[52,55747,105],{"class":66},[52,55749,1595],{"class":70},[52,55751,112],{"class":66},[52,55753,55754],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,55755,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,55757,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,55759,118],{"class":101},[52,55761,105],{"class":66},[52,55763,109],{"class":108},[52,55765,126],{"class":66},[52,55767,55768],{"class":129},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[52,55770,55771,55773,55775,55777,55779],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,55772,118],{"class":101},[52,55774,105],{"class":66},[52,55776,55741],{"class":108},[52,55778,126],{"class":66},[52,55780,55781],{"class":129},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55783,133,55784,55786,55787,242],{},[15,55785,55681],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3842,55788,12939],{},[38,55790,140,55792,143],{"id":55791},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55793,55681],{},[20,55795,55796,1772],{},[15,55797,55681],{},[153,55799,55800,55803,55806,55809],{},[156,55801,55802],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[156,55804,55805],{},"Returns that new list",[156,55807,55808],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[156,55810,55811],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55813,2324],{},[43,55815,55817],{"className":45,"code":55816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55818,55819,55851,55866,55870,55880],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55820,55821,55823,55825,55827,55829,55831,55833,55835,55837,55839,55841,55843,55845,55847,55849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55822,36333],{"class":58},[52,55824,63],{"class":62},[52,55826,67],{"class":66},[52,55828,757],{"class":756},[52,55830,4171],{"class":760},[52,55832,757],{"class":756},[52,55834,74],{"class":66},[52,55836,768],{"class":756},[52,55838,4180],{"class":760},[52,55840,757],{"class":756},[52,55842,74],{"class":66},[52,55844,768],{"class":756},[52,55846,33317],{"class":760},[52,55848,757],{"class":756},[52,55850,90],{"class":66},[52,55852,55853,55856,55858,55860,55862,55864],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55854,55855],{"class":58},"copied_fruits ",[52,55857,63],{"class":62},[52,55859,52933],{"class":58},[52,55861,242],{"class":66},[52,55863,13000],{"class":108},[52,55865,8729],{"class":66},[52,55867,55868],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,55869,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,55871,55872,55874,55876,55878],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,55873,118],{"class":101},[52,55875,105],{"class":66},[52,55877,36385],{"class":108},[52,55879,112],{"class":66},[52,55881,55882,55884,55886,55889],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,55883,118],{"class":101},[52,55885,105],{"class":66},[52,55887,55888],{"class":108},"copied_fruits",[52,55890,112],{"class":66},[20,55892,311],{},[43,55894,55896],{"className":45,"code":55895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55897,55898,55926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55899,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912,55914,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55901,3994],{"class":66},[52,55903,3406],{"class":756},[52,55905,4171],{"class":760},[52,55907,3406],{"class":756},[52,55909,74],{"class":66},[52,55911,3401],{"class":756},[52,55913,4180],{"class":760},[52,55915,3406],{"class":756},[52,55917,74],{"class":66},[52,55919,3401],{"class":756},[52,55921,33317],{"class":760},[52,55923,3406],{"class":756},[52,55925,90],{"class":66},[52,55927,55928,55930,55932,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55948,55950,55952],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,55929,3994],{"class":66},[52,55931,3406],{"class":756},[52,55933,4171],{"class":760},[52,55935,3406],{"class":756},[52,55937,74],{"class":66},[52,55939,3401],{"class":756},[52,55941,4180],{"class":760},[52,55943,3406],{"class":756},[52,55945,74],{"class":66},[52,55947,3401],{"class":756},[52,55949,33317],{"class":760},[52,55951,3406],{"class":756},[52,55953,90],{"class":66},[20,55955,55956],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[38,55958,181],{"id":180},[20,55960,2277],{},[43,55962,55964],{"className":45,"code":55963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55965,55966],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,55967,55968,55971,55973,55976,55978,55980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,55969,55970],{"class":58},"new_list ",[52,55972,63],{"class":62},[52,55974,55975],{"class":58}," old_list",[52,55977,242],{"class":66},[52,55979,13000],{"class":108},[52,55981,8729],{"class":66},[20,55983,55984],{},"How it works:",[153,55986,55987,55993,55996],{},[156,55988,55989,55990,55992],{},"Call ",[15,55991,12865],{}," on an existing list",[156,55994,55995],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[156,55997,55998],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,56000,56001],{},"Example with an empty list:",[43,56003,56005],{"className":45,"code":56004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,56006,56007,56016,56032,56036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56008,56009,56012,56014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56010,56011],{"class":58},"empty_list ",[52,56013,63],{"class":62},[52,56015,7923],{"class":66},[52,56017,56018,56021,56023,56026,56028,56030],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56019,56020],{"class":58},"new_empty_list ",[52,56022,63],{"class":62},[52,56024,56025],{"class":58}," empty_list",[52,56027,242],{"class":66},[52,56029,13000],{"class":108},[52,56031,8729],{"class":66},[52,56033,56034],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56035,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56037,56038,56040,56042,56045],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56039,118],{"class":101},[52,56041,105],{"class":66},[52,56043,56044],{"class":108},"new_empty_list",[52,56046,112],{"class":66},[20,56048,311],{},[43,56050,56051],{"className":45,"code":38390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,56052,56053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56054,56055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56056,38390],{"class":66},[20,56058,56059],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[38,56061,56063,56064],{"id":56062},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,56065,63],{},[20,56067,1372,56068,14144,56070,52749],{},[15,56069,63],{},[3842,56071,4722],{},[20,56073,56074],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[43,56076,56078],{"className":45,"code":56077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,56079,56080,56100,56109,56113,56128,56132,56142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56081,56082,56084,56086,56088,56090,56092,56094,56096,56098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56083,59],{"class":58},[52,56085,63],{"class":62},[52,56087,67],{"class":66},[52,56089,71],{"class":70},[52,56091,74],{"class":66},[52,56093,77],{"class":70},[52,56095,74],{"class":66},[52,56097,82],{"class":70},[52,56099,90],{"class":66},[52,56101,56102,56105,56107],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56103,56104],{"class":58},"same_list ",[52,56106,63],{"class":62},[52,56108,44066],{"class":58},[52,56110,56111],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56112,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56114,56115,56118,56120,56122,56124,56126],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56116,56117],{"class":58},"same_list",[52,56119,242],{"class":66},[52,56121,13643],{"class":108},[52,56123,105],{"class":66},[52,56125,1595],{"class":70},[52,56127,112],{"class":66},[52,56129,56130],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,56131,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56133,56134,56136,56138,56140],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,56135,118],{"class":101},[52,56137,105],{"class":66},[52,56139,109],{"class":108},[52,56141,112],{"class":66},[52,56143,56144,56146,56148,56150],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,56145,118],{"class":101},[52,56147,105],{"class":66},[52,56149,56117],{"class":108},[52,56151,112],{"class":66},[20,56153,311],{},[43,56155,56157],{"className":45,"code":56156,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56158,56159,56179],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56160,56161,56163,56165,56167,56169,56171,56173,56175,56177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56162,3994],{"class":66},[52,56164,71],{"class":70},[52,56166,74],{"class":66},[52,56168,77],{"class":70},[52,56170,74],{"class":66},[52,56172,82],{"class":70},[52,56174,74],{"class":66},[52,56176,87],{"class":70},[52,56178,90],{"class":66},[52,56180,56181,56183,56185,56187,56189,56191,56193,56195,56197],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56182,3994],{"class":66},[52,56184,71],{"class":70},[52,56186,74],{"class":66},[52,56188,77],{"class":70},[52,56190,74],{"class":66},[52,56192,82],{"class":70},[52,56194,74],{"class":66},[52,56196,87],{"class":70},[52,56198,90],{"class":66},[20,56200,56201],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,56203,56204,56205,1772],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,56206,12865],{},[43,56208,56210],{"className":45,"code":56209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,56211,56212,56232,56247,56251,56266,56270,56280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56213,56214,56216,56218,56220,56222,56224,56226,56228,56230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56215,59],{"class":58},[52,56217,63],{"class":62},[52,56219,67],{"class":66},[52,56221,71],{"class":70},[52,56223,74],{"class":66},[52,56225,77],{"class":70},[52,56227,74],{"class":66},[52,56229,82],{"class":70},[52,56231,90],{"class":66},[52,56233,56234,56237,56239,56241,56243,56245],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56235,56236],{"class":58},"copied_numbers ",[52,56238,63],{"class":62},[52,56240,1686],{"class":58},[52,56242,242],{"class":66},[52,56244,13000],{"class":108},[52,56246,8729],{"class":66},[52,56248,56249],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56250,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56252,56253,56256,56258,56260,56262,56264],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56254,56255],{"class":58},"copied_numbers",[52,56257,242],{"class":66},[52,56259,13643],{"class":108},[52,56261,105],{"class":66},[52,56263,1595],{"class":70},[52,56265,112],{"class":66},[52,56267,56268],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,56269,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56271,56272,56274,56276,56278],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,56273,118],{"class":101},[52,56275,105],{"class":66},[52,56277,109],{"class":108},[52,56279,112],{"class":66},[52,56281,56282,56284,56286,56288],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,56283,118],{"class":101},[52,56285,105],{"class":66},[52,56287,56255],{"class":108},[52,56289,112],{"class":66},[20,56291,311],{},[43,56293,56295],{"className":45,"code":56294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56296,56297,56313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56298,56299,56301,56303,56305,56307,56309,56311],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56300,3994],{"class":66},[52,56302,71],{"class":70},[52,56304,74],{"class":66},[52,56306,77],{"class":70},[52,56308,74],{"class":66},[52,56310,82],{"class":70},[52,56312,90],{"class":66},[52,56314,56315,56317,56319,56321,56323,56325,56327,56329,56331],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56316,3994],{"class":66},[52,56318,71],{"class":70},[52,56320,74],{"class":66},[52,56322,77],{"class":70},[52,56324,74],{"class":66},[52,56326,82],{"class":70},[52,56328,74],{"class":66},[52,56330,87],{"class":70},[52,56332,90],{"class":66},[20,56334,56335,56336,242],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[236,56337,52853],{"href":51063},[38,56339,56341],{"id":56340},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,56343,56344,12936,56346,242],{},[15,56345,55681],{},[3842,56347,12939],{},[20,56349,2226],{},[153,56351,56352,56355],{},[156,56353,56354],{},"The outer list is new",[156,56356,56357],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,56359,56360],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[43,56362,56364],{"className":45,"code":56363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,56365,56366,56392,56406,56410,56429,56433,56443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56367,56368,56370,56372,56374,56376,56378,56380,56382,56384,56386,56388,56390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56369,12173],{"class":58},[52,56371,63],{"class":62},[52,56373,885],{"class":66},[52,56375,71],{"class":70},[52,56377,74],{"class":66},[52,56379,77],{"class":70},[52,56381,894],{"class":66},[52,56383,67],{"class":66},[52,56385,445],{"class":70},[52,56387,74],{"class":66},[52,56389,87],{"class":70},[52,56391,905],{"class":66},[52,56393,56394,56396,56398,56400,56402,56404],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56395,14402],{"class":58},[52,56397,63],{"class":62},[52,56399,12248],{"class":58},[52,56401,242],{"class":66},[52,56403,13000],{"class":108},[52,56405,8729],{"class":66},[52,56407,56408],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56409,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56411,56412,56414,56416,56418,56420,56422,56424,56427],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56413,14421],{"class":58},[52,56415,3994],{"class":66},[52,56417,207],{"class":70},[52,56419,13640],{"class":66},[52,56421,13643],{"class":108},[52,56423,105],{"class":66},[52,56425,56426],{"class":70},"99",[52,56428,112],{"class":66},[52,56430,56431],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,56432,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56434,56435,56437,56439,56441],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,56436,118],{"class":101},[52,56438,105],{"class":66},[52,56440,12220],{"class":108},[52,56442,112],{"class":66},[52,56444,56445,56447,56449,56451],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,56446,118],{"class":101},[52,56448,105],{"class":66},[52,56450,14421],{"class":108},[52,56452,112],{"class":66},[20,56454,311],{},[43,56456,56458],{"className":45,"code":56457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,56459,56460,56487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56461,56462,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479,56481,56483,56485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56463,56464],{"class":66},"[[",[52,56466,71],{"class":70},[52,56468,74],{"class":66},[52,56470,77],{"class":70},[52,56472,74],{"class":66},[52,56474,10283],{"class":70},[52,56476,894],{"class":66},[52,56478,67],{"class":66},[52,56480,445],{"class":70},[52,56482,74],{"class":66},[52,56484,87],{"class":70},[52,56486,905],{"class":66},[52,56488,56489,56491,56493,56495,56497,56499,56501,56503,56505,56507,56509,56511],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56490,56464],{"class":66},[52,56492,71],{"class":70},[52,56494,74],{"class":66},[52,56496,77],{"class":70},[52,56498,74],{"class":66},[52,56500,10283],{"class":70},[52,56502,894],{"class":66},[52,56504,67],{"class":66},[52,56506,445],{"class":70},[52,56508,74],{"class":66},[52,56510,87],{"class":70},[52,56512,905],{"class":66},[20,56514,56515],{},"Why did both change?",[153,56517,56518,56525],{},[156,56519,56520,652,56522,56524],{},[15,56521,12220],{},[15,56523,14421],{}," are different outer lists",[156,56526,56527,56528,56531],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56529,56530],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56533,53734,56534,56536],{},[15,56535,12865],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[153,56538,56539,56542,56545],{},[156,56540,56541],{},"Numbers",[156,56543,56544],{},"Strings",[156,56546,40685],{},[20,56548,56549,56550,242],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[236,56551,13881],{"href":13880},[38,56553,17512],{"id":17511},[20,56555,56556,56558],{},[15,56557,55681],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56560,40996,56561,56563],{},[3842,56562,4722],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56565,56566],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56568,16748],{},[43,56570,56572],{"className":45,"code":56571,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56573,56574,56598,56612,56616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56575,56576,56578,56580,56582,56584,56586,56588,56590,56592,56594,56596],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56577,13165],{"class":58},[52,56579,63],{"class":62},[52,56581,67],{"class":66},[52,56583,757],{"class":756},[52,56585,13182],{"class":760},[52,56587,757],{"class":756},[52,56589,74],{"class":66},[52,56591,768],{"class":756},[52,56593,13199],{"class":760},[52,56595,757],{"class":756},[52,56597,90],{"class":66},[52,56599,56600,56602,56604,56606,56608,56610],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56601,13208],{"class":58},[52,56603,63],{"class":62},[52,56605,13213],{"class":58},[52,56607,242],{"class":66},[52,56609,13000],{"class":108},[52,56611,8729],{"class":66},[52,56613,56614],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56615,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56617,56618,56620,56622,56624],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56619,118],{"class":101},[52,56621,105],{"class":66},[52,56623,13232],{"class":108},[52,56625,112],{"class":66},[20,56627,56628],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[43,56630,56632],{"className":45,"code":56631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56633,56634,56658,56668,56672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56635,56636,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648,56650,56652,56654,56656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56637,13165],{"class":58},[52,56639,63],{"class":62},[52,56641,67],{"class":66},[52,56643,757],{"class":756},[52,56645,13182],{"class":760},[52,56647,757],{"class":756},[52,56649,74],{"class":66},[52,56651,768],{"class":756},[52,56653,13199],{"class":760},[52,56655,757],{"class":756},[52,56657,90],{"class":66},[52,56659,56660,56662,56664,56666],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56661,17596],{"class":58},[52,56663,242],{"class":66},[52,56665,13000],{"class":108},[52,56667,8729],{"class":66},[52,56669,56670],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56671,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56673,56674,56676,56678,56680],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56675,118],{"class":101},[52,56677,105],{"class":66},[52,56679,17596],{"class":108},[52,56681,112],{"class":66},[20,56683,56684,56685,56687],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56686,12865],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[38,56689,5054,56691],{"id":56690},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56692,55681],{},[20,56694,133,56695,10688],{},[15,56696,55681],{},[153,56698,56699,56702,56705,56708],{},[156,56700,56701],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[156,56703,56704],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[156,56706,56707],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[156,56709,56710,56711],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56712,56713],{},"[:]",[20,56715,2324],{},[43,56717,56719],{"className":45,"code":56718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56720,56721,56741,56756,56760,56775,56779,56789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56722,56723,56725,56727,56729,56731,56733,56735,56737,56739],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56724,5157],{"class":58},[52,56726,63],{"class":62},[52,56728,67],{"class":66},[52,56730,430],{"class":70},[52,56732,74],{"class":66},[52,56734,7874],{"class":70},[52,56736,74],{"class":66},[52,56738,7879],{"class":70},[52,56740,90],{"class":66},[52,56742,56743,56746,56748,56750,56752,56754],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56744,56745],{"class":58},"backup_scores ",[52,56747,63],{"class":62},[52,56749,5204],{"class":58},[52,56751,242],{"class":66},[52,56753,13000],{"class":108},[52,56755,8729],{"class":66},[52,56757,56758],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56759,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56761,56762,56764,56766,56768,56770,56773],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56763,16481],{"class":58},[52,56765,242],{"class":66},[52,56767,13643],{"class":108},[52,56769,105],{"class":66},[52,56771,56772],{"class":70},"40",[52,56774,112],{"class":66},[52,56776,56777],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,56778,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56780,56781,56783,56785,56787],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,56782,118],{"class":101},[52,56784,105],{"class":66},[52,56786,16481],{"class":108},[52,56788,112],{"class":66},[52,56790,56791,56793,56795,56798],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,56792,118],{"class":101},[52,56794,105],{"class":66},[52,56796,56797],{"class":108},"backup_scores",[52,56799,112],{"class":66},[20,56801,311],{},[43,56803,56805],{"className":45,"code":56804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56806,56807,56827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56808,56809,56811,56813,56815,56817,56819,56821,56823,56825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56810,3994],{"class":66},[52,56812,430],{"class":70},[52,56814,74],{"class":66},[52,56816,7874],{"class":70},[52,56818,74],{"class":66},[52,56820,7879],{"class":70},[52,56822,74],{"class":66},[52,56824,50927],{"class":70},[52,56826,90],{"class":66},[52,56828,56829,56831,56833,56835,56837,56839,56841],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56830,3994],{"class":66},[52,56832,430],{"class":70},[52,56834,74],{"class":66},[52,56836,7874],{"class":70},[52,56838,74],{"class":66},[52,56840,7879],{"class":70},[52,56842,90],{"class":66},[20,56844,56845,56846,242],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[236,56847,55600,56849,10828],{"href":56848},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56850,52734],{},[38,56852,4610],{"id":4609},[20,56854,56855,56856,242],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56857,55681],{},[461,56859,1372,56861,56863],{"id":56860},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56862,63],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56865,39291],{},[43,56867,56869],{"className":45,"code":56868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56870,56871,56891,56899,56913,56917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56872,56873,56875,56877,56879,56881,56883,56885,56887,56889],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56874,2668],{"class":58},[52,56876,63],{"class":62},[52,56878,67],{"class":66},[52,56880,71],{"class":70},[52,56882,74],{"class":66},[52,56884,77],{"class":70},[52,56886,74],{"class":66},[52,56888,82],{"class":70},[52,56890,90],{"class":66},[52,56892,56893,56895,56897],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56894,2696],{"class":58},[52,56896,63],{"class":62},[52,56898,36271],{"class":58},[52,56900,56901,56903,56905,56907,56909,56911],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56902,4853],{"class":58},[52,56904,242],{"class":66},[52,56906,13643],{"class":108},[52,56908,105],{"class":66},[52,56910,1595],{"class":70},[52,56912,112],{"class":66},[52,56914,56915],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56916,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56918,56919,56921,56923,56925,56927],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,56920,118],{"class":101},[52,56922,105],{"class":66},[52,56924,236],{"class":108},[52,56926,126],{"class":66},[52,56928,55781],{"class":129},[20,56930,56931,56932,6712],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56933,12865],{},[43,56935,56937],{"className":45,"code":56936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56938,56939,56959,56974,56988,56992],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,56940,56941,56943,56945,56947,56949,56951,56953,56955,56957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,56942,2668],{"class":58},[52,56944,63],{"class":62},[52,56946,67],{"class":66},[52,56948,71],{"class":70},[52,56950,74],{"class":66},[52,56952,77],{"class":70},[52,56954,74],{"class":66},[52,56956,82],{"class":70},[52,56958,90],{"class":66},[52,56960,56961,56963,56965,56968,56970,56972],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,56962,2696],{"class":58},[52,56964,63],{"class":62},[52,56966,56967],{"class":58}," a",[52,56969,242],{"class":66},[52,56971,13000],{"class":108},[52,56973,8729],{"class":66},[52,56975,56976,56978,56980,56982,56984,56986],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,56977,4853],{"class":58},[52,56979,242],{"class":66},[52,56981,13643],{"class":108},[52,56983,105],{"class":66},[52,56985,1595],{"class":70},[52,56987,112],{"class":66},[52,56989,56990],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,56991,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,56993,56994,56996,56998,57000,57002],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,56995,118],{"class":101},[52,56997,105],{"class":66},[52,56999,236],{"class":108},[52,57001,126],{"class":66},[52,57003,55012],{"class":129},[461,57005,57007],{"id":57006},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[43,57009,57011],{"className":45,"code":57010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,57012,57013,57033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57014,57015,57017,57019,57021,57023,57025,57027,57029,57031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57016,59],{"class":58},[52,57018,63],{"class":62},[52,57020,67],{"class":66},[52,57022,71],{"class":70},[52,57024,74],{"class":66},[52,57026,77],{"class":70},[52,57028,74],{"class":66},[52,57030,82],{"class":70},[52,57032,90],{"class":66},[52,57034,57035,57037,57039,57041],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57036,109],{"class":58},[52,57038,242],{"class":66},[52,57040,13000],{"class":108},[52,57042,8729],{"class":66},[20,57044,57045],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,57047,39354],{},[43,57049,57051],{"className":45,"code":57050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,57052,57053,57073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57054,57055,57057,57059,57061,57063,57065,57067,57069,57071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57056,59],{"class":58},[52,57058,63],{"class":62},[52,57060,67],{"class":66},[52,57062,71],{"class":70},[52,57064,74],{"class":66},[52,57066,77],{"class":70},[52,57068,74],{"class":66},[52,57070,82],{"class":70},[52,57072,90],{"class":66},[52,57074,57075,57077,57079,57081,57083,57085],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57076,56236],{"class":58},[52,57078,63],{"class":62},[52,57080,1686],{"class":58},[52,57082,242],{"class":66},[52,57084,13000],{"class":108},[52,57086,8729],{"class":66},[461,57088,57090],{"id":57089},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[43,57092,57094],{"className":45,"code":57093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,57095,57096,57114,57128,57132,57150,57154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57097,57098,57100,57102,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57099,2668],{"class":58},[52,57101,63],{"class":62},[52,57103,885],{"class":66},[52,57105,71],{"class":70},[52,57107,894],{"class":66},[52,57109,67],{"class":66},[52,57111,440],{"class":70},[52,57113,905],{"class":66},[52,57115,57116,57118,57120,57122,57124,57126],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57117,2696],{"class":58},[52,57119,63],{"class":62},[52,57121,56967],{"class":58},[52,57123,242],{"class":66},[52,57125,13000],{"class":108},[52,57127,8729],{"class":66},[52,57129,57130],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57131,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,57133,57134,57136,57138,57140,57142,57144,57146,57148],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,57135,4853],{"class":58},[52,57137,3994],{"class":66},[52,57139,207],{"class":70},[52,57141,13640],{"class":66},[52,57143,13643],{"class":108},[52,57145,105],{"class":66},[52,57147,56426],{"class":70},[52,57149,112],{"class":66},[52,57151,57152],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,57153,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,57155,57156,57158,57160,57162,57164],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,57157,118],{"class":101},[52,57159,105],{"class":66},[52,57161,236],{"class":108},[52,57163,126],{"class":66},[52,57165,57166],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,57168,57169,57170,57172],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,57171,55681],{}," is shallow.",[461,57174,25711,57176,57178],{"id":57175},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,57177,12865],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,57180,57181,57183],{},[15,57182,12865],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[43,57185,57187],{"className":45,"code":57186,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,57188,57189,57201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57190,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57192,7961],{"class":58},[52,57194,63],{"class":62},[52,57196,768],{"class":756},[52,57198,5097],{"class":760},[52,57200,3465],{"class":756},[52,57202,57203],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57204,57205],{"class":129},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,57207,57208],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[43,57210,57212],{"className":45,"code":57211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(name))\n",[15,57213,57214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57215,57216,57218,57220,57222,57224,57226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57217,118],{"class":101},[52,57219,105],{"class":66},[52,57221,1827],{"class":1184},[52,57223,105],{"class":66},[52,57225,7751],{"class":108},[52,57227,510],{"class":66},[20,57229,57230,57231,57235],{},"You can also review ",[236,57232,57234],{"href":57233},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[38,57237,1919],{"id":1918},[461,57239,12792,57241,57243],{"id":57240},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,57242,55681],{}," change the original list?",[20,57245,57246],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[461,57248,5270,57250,652,57252,1963],{"id":57249},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,57251,55681],{},[15,57253,63],{},[20,57255,57256,57258,57259,57261],{},[15,57257,12865],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,57260,63],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[461,57263,14994,57265,14997],{"id":57264},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,57266,55681],{},[20,57268,57269],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[461,57271,57273],{"id":57272},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,57275,42238,57276,57279],{},[15,57277,57278],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[461,57281,14994,57283,57285,57286,1963],{"id":57282},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,57284,55681],{}," the same as ",[15,57287,56713],{},[20,57289,57290],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[38,57292,1986],{"id":1985},[153,57294,57295,57300,57304,57309,57315],{},[156,57296,57297],{},[236,57298,15056],{"href":57299},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[156,57301,57302],{},[236,57303,52853],{"href":51063},[156,57305,57306],{},[236,57307,57308],{"href":57233},"Creating a list in Python",[156,57310,57311],{},[236,57312,55600,57313,10828],{"href":56848},[15,57314,52734],{},[156,57316,57317],{},[236,57318,13881],{"href":13880},[2029,57320,57321],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":57323},[57324,57325,57327,57328,57330,57331,57332,57334,57342,57353],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":55791,"depth":93,"text":57326},"What list.copy() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":56062,"depth":93,"text":57329},"Why not use =",{"id":56340,"depth":93,"text":56341},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":56690,"depth":93,"text":57333},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":57335},[57336,57338,57339,57340],{"id":56860,"depth":115,"text":57337},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":57006,"depth":115,"text":57007},{"id":57089,"depth":115,"text":57090},{"id":57175,"depth":115,"text":57341},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":57343},[57344,57346,57348,57350,57351],{"id":57240,"depth":115,"text":57345},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":57249,"depth":115,"text":57347},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":57264,"depth":115,"text":57349},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":57272,"depth":115,"text":57273},{"id":57282,"depth":115,"text":57352},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55669,"description":57354},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":57361,"title":57362,"body":57363,"description":59105,"extension":2083,"meta":59106,"navigation":296,"path":59107,"seo":59108,"stem":59109,"__hash__":59110},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":57364,"toc":59064},[57365,57371,57377,57380,57391,57394,57396,57459,57465,57470,57474,57488,57491,57496,57501,57503,57505,57524,57536,57538,57605,57607,57615,57620,57622,57630,57633,57650,57652,57776,57787,57791,57796,57799,57801,57819,57823,57909,57918,57926,57995,57997,58000,58012,58017,58021,58092,58095,58099,58103,58168,58170,58178,58182,58265,58267,58275,58279,58340,58342,58350,58354,58441,58443,58451,58456,58461,58464,58475,58477,58562,58567,58576,58578,58582,58586,58591,58653,58657,58665,58671,58680,58685,58734,58737,58758,58762,58824,58831,58836,58839,58926,58929,58940,58943,58963,58965,58971,58974,58978,58982,58988,58991,58997,59004,59012,59023,59025,59061],[10,57366,54422,57368,11411],{"id":57367},"python-list-count-method",[15,57369,57370],{},"count()",[20,57372,57373,57376],{},[15,57374,57375],{},"list.count()"," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,57378,57379],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[153,57381,57382,57385,57388],{},[156,57383,57384],{},"count one specific item",[156,57386,57387],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[156,57389,57390],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,57392,57393],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[38,57395,3712],{"id":3711},[43,57397,57399],{"className":45,"code":57398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,57400,57401,57429,57447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57402,57403,57405,57407,57409,57411,57413,57415,57417,57419,57421,57423,57425,57427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57404,59],{"class":58},[52,57406,63],{"class":62},[52,57408,67],{"class":66},[52,57410,71],{"class":70},[52,57412,74],{"class":66},[52,57414,77],{"class":70},[52,57416,74],{"class":66},[52,57418,77],{"class":70},[52,57420,74],{"class":66},[52,57422,82],{"class":70},[52,57424,74],{"class":66},[52,57426,77],{"class":70},[52,57428,90],{"class":66},[52,57430,57431,57433,57435,57437,57439,57441,57443,57445],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57432,2347],{"class":58},[52,57434,63],{"class":62},[52,57436,1686],{"class":58},[52,57438,242],{"class":66},[52,57440,41347],{"class":108},[52,57442,105],{"class":66},[52,57444,440],{"class":70},[52,57446,112],{"class":66},[52,57448,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57450,118],{"class":101},[52,57452,105],{"class":66},[52,57454,2382],{"class":108},[52,57456,126],{"class":66},[52,57458,50854],{"class":129},[20,57460,133,57461,57464],{},[15,57462,57463],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[38,57466,140,57468,143],{"id":57467},"what-listcount-does",[15,57469,57375],{},[20,57471,57472,1772],{},[15,57473,57375],{},[153,57475,57476,57479,57482,57485],{},[156,57477,57478],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[156,57480,57481],{},"returns an integer",[156,57483,57484],{},"does not change the original list",[156,57486,57487],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57489,57490],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57492,57493,57494,242],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57495,445],{},[20,57497,57498,57499,242],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57500,207],{},[38,57502,181],{"id":180},[20,57504,2277],{},[43,57506,57508],{"className":45,"code":57507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57509,57510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57511,57512,57514,57516,57518,57520,57522],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57513,8425],{"class":58},[52,57515,242],{"class":66},[52,57517,41347],{"class":108},[52,57519,105],{"class":66},[52,57521,2588],{"class":108},[52,57523,112],{"class":66},[153,57525,57526,57531],{},[156,57527,57528,57530],{},[15,57529,8425],{}," is the list you want to search",[156,57532,57533,57535],{},[15,57534,2588],{}," is the item you want to count",[20,57537,2324],{},[43,57539,57541],{"className":45,"code":57540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57542,57543,57583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57544,57545,57547,57549,57551,57553,57555,57557,57559,57561,57563,57565,57567,57569,57571,57573,57575,57577,57579,57581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57546,1387],{"class":58},[52,57548,63],{"class":62},[52,57550,67],{"class":66},[52,57552,757],{"class":756},[52,57554,236],{"class":760},[52,57556,757],{"class":756},[52,57558,74],{"class":66},[52,57560,768],{"class":756},[52,57562,4853],{"class":760},[52,57564,757],{"class":756},[52,57566,74],{"class":66},[52,57568,768],{"class":756},[52,57570,236],{"class":760},[52,57572,757],{"class":756},[52,57574,74],{"class":66},[52,57576,768],{"class":756},[52,57578,9825],{"class":760},[52,57580,757],{"class":756},[52,57582,90],{"class":66},[52,57584,57585,57587,57589,57591,57593,57595,57597,57599,57601,57603],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57586,118],{"class":101},[52,57588,105],{"class":66},[52,57590,1458],{"class":108},[52,57592,242],{"class":66},[52,57594,41347],{"class":108},[52,57596,105],{"class":66},[52,57598,757],{"class":756},[52,57600,236],{"class":760},[52,57602,757],{"class":756},[52,57604,510],{"class":66},[20,57606,311],{},[43,57608,57609],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,57610,57611],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57612,57613],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57614,17149],{"class":70},[20,57616,57617,57618,242],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57619,207],{},[38,57621,38113],{"id":38112},[20,57623,57624,57625,57627,57628,242],{},"The return value from ",[15,57626,57370],{}," is always an ",[15,57629,1185],{},[20,57631,57632],{},"Possible results:",[153,57634,57635,57640,57645],{},[156,57636,57637,57639],{},[15,57638,207],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[156,57641,57642,57644],{},[15,57643,71],{}," if it appears once",[156,57646,57647,57649],{},[15,57648,440],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57651,2324],{},[43,57653,57655],{"className":45,"code":57654,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57656,57657,57697,57701,57726,57751],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57658,57659,57661,57663,57665,57667,57669,57671,57673,57675,57677,57679,57681,57683,57685,57687,57689,57691,57693,57695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57660,13165],{"class":58},[52,57662,63],{"class":62},[52,57664,67],{"class":66},[52,57666,757],{"class":756},[52,57668,13182],{"class":760},[52,57670,757],{"class":756},[52,57672,74],{"class":66},[52,57674,768],{"class":756},[52,57676,13199],{"class":760},[52,57678,757],{"class":756},[52,57680,74],{"class":66},[52,57682,768],{"class":756},[52,57684,17549],{"class":760},[52,57686,757],{"class":756},[52,57688,74],{"class":66},[52,57690,768],{"class":756},[52,57692,13199],{"class":760},[52,57694,757],{"class":756},[52,57696,90],{"class":66},[52,57698,57699],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57700,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,57702,57703,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57723],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57704,118],{"class":101},[52,57706,105],{"class":66},[52,57708,17596],{"class":108},[52,57710,242],{"class":66},[52,57712,41347],{"class":108},[52,57714,105],{"class":66},[52,57716,757],{"class":756},[52,57718,13199],{"class":760},[52,57720,757],{"class":756},[52,57722,5450],{"class":66},[52,57724,57725],{"class":129},"   # 2\n",[52,57727,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57740,57742,57744,57746,57748],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,57729,118],{"class":101},[52,57731,105],{"class":66},[52,57733,17596],{"class":108},[52,57735,242],{"class":66},[52,57737,41347],{"class":108},[52,57739,105],{"class":66},[52,57741,757],{"class":756},[52,57743,13182],{"class":760},[52,57745,757],{"class":756},[52,57747,5450],{"class":66},[52,57749,57750],{"class":129},"    # 1\n",[52,57752,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765,57767,57769,57771,57773],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,57754,118],{"class":101},[52,57756,105],{"class":66},[52,57758,17596],{"class":108},[52,57760,242],{"class":66},[52,57762,41347],{"class":108},[52,57764,105],{"class":66},[52,57766,757],{"class":756},[52,57768,22619],{"class":760},[52,57770,757],{"class":756},[52,57772,5450],{"class":66},[52,57774,57775],{"class":129}," # 0\n",[20,57777,57778,57779,57781,57782,57784,57785,242],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57780,57370],{}," works, but using ",[15,57783,1202],{}," is often simpler. See ",[236,57786,6284],{"href":6283},[38,57788,57790],{"id":57789},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57792,57793,57795],{},[15,57794,57375],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57797,57798],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57800,43734],{},[153,57802,57803,57806,57809,57816],{},[156,57804,57805],{},"matches are based on equality",[156,57807,57808],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[156,57810,57811,652,57813,57815],{},[15,57812,71],{},[15,57814,173],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[156,57817,57818],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[461,57820,57822],{"id":57821},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[43,57824,57826],{"className":45,"code":57825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57827,57828,57861,57885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57829,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840,57842,57844,57846,57849,57851,57853,57855,57857,57859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57831,749],{"class":58},[52,57833,63],{"class":62},[52,57835,67],{"class":66},[52,57837,757],{"class":756},[52,57839,4171],{"class":760},[52,57841,757],{"class":756},[52,57843,74],{"class":66},[52,57845,768],{"class":756},[52,57847,57848],{"class":760},"Apple",[52,57850,757],{"class":756},[52,57852,74],{"class":66},[52,57854,768],{"class":756},[52,57856,4171],{"class":760},[52,57858,757],{"class":756},[52,57860,90],{"class":66},[52,57862,57863,57865,57867,57869,57871,57873,57875,57877,57879,57881,57883],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57864,118],{"class":101},[52,57866,105],{"class":66},[52,57868,788],{"class":108},[52,57870,242],{"class":66},[52,57872,41347],{"class":108},[52,57874,105],{"class":66},[52,57876,757],{"class":756},[52,57878,4171],{"class":760},[52,57880,757],{"class":756},[52,57882,5450],{"class":66},[52,57884,51499],{"class":129},[52,57886,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57888,118],{"class":101},[52,57890,105],{"class":66},[52,57892,788],{"class":108},[52,57894,242],{"class":66},[52,57896,41347],{"class":108},[52,57898,105],{"class":66},[52,57900,757],{"class":756},[52,57902,57848],{"class":760},[52,57904,757],{"class":756},[52,57906,5450],{"class":66},[52,57908,27874],{"class":129},[20,57910,57911,652,57914,57917],{},[15,57912,57913],{},"\"apple\"",[15,57915,57916],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[461,57919,57921,652,57923,57925],{"id":57920},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57922,71],{},[15,57924,173],{}," can match",[43,57927,57929],{"className":45,"code":57928,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57930,57931,57955,57975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,57932,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941,57943,57945,57947,57949,57951,57953],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,57934,474],{"class":58},[52,57936,63],{"class":62},[52,57938,67],{"class":66},[52,57940,71],{"class":70},[52,57942,74],{"class":66},[52,57944,684],{"class":674},[52,57946,74],{"class":66},[52,57948,77],{"class":70},[52,57950,74],{"class":66},[52,57952,5586],{"class":70},[52,57954,90],{"class":66},[52,57956,57957,57959,57961,57963,57965,57967,57969,57971,57973],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,57958,118],{"class":101},[52,57960,105],{"class":66},[52,57962,507],{"class":108},[52,57964,242],{"class":66},[52,57966,41347],{"class":108},[52,57968,105],{"class":66},[52,57970,71],{"class":70},[52,57972,5450],{"class":66},[52,57974,51002],{"class":129},[52,57976,57977,57979,57981,57983,57985,57987,57989,57991,57993],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,57978,118],{"class":101},[52,57980,105],{"class":66},[52,57982,507],{"class":108},[52,57984,242],{"class":66},[52,57986,41347],{"class":108},[52,57988,105],{"class":66},[52,57990,173],{"class":674},[52,57992,5450],{"class":66},[52,57994,50854],{"class":129},[20,57996,4501],{},[20,57998,57999],{},"In Python:",[153,58001,58002,58007],{},[156,58003,58004],{},[15,58005,58006],{},"True == 1",[156,58008,58009],{},[15,58010,58011],{},"False == 0",[20,58013,53734,58014,58016],{},[15,58015,57370],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[461,58018,58020],{"id":58019},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[43,58022,58024],{"className":45,"code":58023,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,58025,58026,58068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58027,58028,58030,58032,58034,58036,58038,58040,58042,58044,58046,58048,58050,58052,58054,58056,58058,58060,58062,58064,58066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58029,7863],{"class":58},[52,58031,63],{"class":62},[52,58033,885],{"class":66},[52,58035,71],{"class":70},[52,58037,74],{"class":66},[52,58039,77],{"class":70},[52,58041,894],{"class":66},[52,58043,67],{"class":66},[52,58045,445],{"class":70},[52,58047,74],{"class":66},[52,58049,87],{"class":70},[52,58051,894],{"class":66},[52,58053,67],{"class":66},[52,58055,71],{"class":70},[52,58057,74],{"class":66},[52,58059,77],{"class":70},[52,58061,894],{"class":66},[52,58063,67],{"class":66},[52,58065,71],{"class":70},[52,58067,905],{"class":66},[52,58069,58070,58072,58074,58076,58078,58080,58082,58084,58086,58088,58090],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58071,118],{"class":101},[52,58073,105],{"class":66},[52,58075,7894],{"class":108},[52,58077,242],{"class":66},[52,58079,41347],{"class":108},[52,58081,1058],{"class":66},[52,58083,71],{"class":70},[52,58085,74],{"class":66},[52,58087,77],{"class":70},[52,58089,4827],{"class":66},[52,58091,51499],{"class":129},[20,58093,58094],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[38,58096,58098],{"id":58097},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[461,58100,58102],{"id":58101},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[43,58104,58106],{"className":45,"code":58105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58107,58108,58136,58154,58158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58109,58110,58112,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58124,58126,58128,58130,58132,58134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58111,59],{"class":58},[52,58113,63],{"class":62},[52,58115,67],{"class":66},[52,58117,430],{"class":70},[52,58119,74],{"class":66},[52,58121,7874],{"class":70},[52,58123,74],{"class":66},[52,58125,270],{"class":70},[52,58127,74],{"class":66},[52,58129,7879],{"class":70},[52,58131,74],{"class":66},[52,58133,270],{"class":70},[52,58135,90],{"class":66},[52,58137,58138,58140,58142,58144,58146,58148,58150,58152],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58139,2347],{"class":58},[52,58141,63],{"class":62},[52,58143,1686],{"class":58},[52,58145,242],{"class":66},[52,58147,41347],{"class":108},[52,58149,105],{"class":66},[52,58151,430],{"class":70},[52,58153,112],{"class":66},[52,58155,58156],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58157,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,58159,58160,58162,58164,58166],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,58161,118],{"class":101},[52,58163,105],{"class":66},[52,58165,2382],{"class":108},[52,58167,112],{"class":66},[20,58169,311],{},[43,58171,58172],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58173,58174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58175,58176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58177,710],{"class":70},[461,58179,58181],{"id":58180},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[43,58183,58185],{"className":45,"code":58184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58186,58187,58229,58251,58255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58188,58189,58191,58193,58195,58197,58199,58201,58203,58205,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58225,58227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58190,749],{"class":58},[52,58192,63],{"class":62},[52,58194,67],{"class":66},[52,58196,757],{"class":756},[52,58198,37141],{"class":760},[52,58200,757],{"class":756},[52,58202,74],{"class":66},[52,58204,768],{"class":756},[52,58206,58207],{"class":760},"dog",[52,58209,757],{"class":756},[52,58211,74],{"class":66},[52,58213,768],{"class":756},[52,58215,37141],{"class":760},[52,58217,757],{"class":756},[52,58219,74],{"class":66},[52,58221,768],{"class":756},[52,58223,58224],{"class":760},"bird",[52,58226,757],{"class":756},[52,58228,90],{"class":66},[52,58230,58231,58233,58235,58237,58239,58241,58243,58245,58247,58249],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58232,2347],{"class":58},[52,58234,63],{"class":62},[52,58236,6254],{"class":58},[52,58238,242],{"class":66},[52,58240,41347],{"class":108},[52,58242,105],{"class":66},[52,58244,757],{"class":756},[52,58246,37141],{"class":760},[52,58248,757],{"class":756},[52,58250,112],{"class":66},[52,58252,58253],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58254,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,58256,58257,58259,58261,58263],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,58258,118],{"class":101},[52,58260,105],{"class":66},[52,58262,2382],{"class":108},[52,58264,112],{"class":66},[20,58266,311],{},[43,58268,58269],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58270,58271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58272,58273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58274,17149],{"class":70},[461,58276,58278],{"id":58277},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[43,58280,58282],{"className":45,"code":58281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58283,58284,58308,58326,58330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58285,58286,58288,58290,58292,58294,58296,58298,58300,58302,58304,58306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58287,59],{"class":58},[52,58289,63],{"class":62},[52,58291,67],{"class":66},[52,58293,71],{"class":70},[52,58295,74],{"class":66},[52,58297,77],{"class":70},[52,58299,74],{"class":66},[52,58301,82],{"class":70},[52,58303,74],{"class":66},[52,58305,87],{"class":70},[52,58307,90],{"class":66},[52,58309,58310,58312,58314,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58311,2347],{"class":58},[52,58313,63],{"class":62},[52,58315,1686],{"class":58},[52,58317,242],{"class":66},[52,58319,41347],{"class":108},[52,58321,105],{"class":66},[52,58323,265],{"class":70},[52,58325,112],{"class":66},[52,58327,58328],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58329,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,58331,58332,58334,58336,58338],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,58333,118],{"class":101},[52,58335,105],{"class":66},[52,58337,2382],{"class":108},[52,58339,112],{"class":66},[20,58341,311],{},[43,58343,58344],{"className":45,"code":47335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58345,58346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58347,58348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58349,47335],{"class":70},[461,58351,58353],{"id":58352},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[43,58355,58357],{"className":45,"code":58356,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,58358,58359,58405,58427,58431],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58360,58361,58363,58365,58367,58369,58371,58373,58375,58377,58379,58381,58383,58385,58387,58389,58391,58393,58395,58397,58399,58401,58403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58362,9251],{"class":58},[52,58364,63],{"class":62},[52,58366,885],{"class":66},[52,58368,71],{"class":70},[52,58370,74],{"class":66},[52,58372,77],{"class":70},[52,58374,894],{"class":66},[52,58376,67],{"class":66},[52,58378,71],{"class":70},[52,58380,74],{"class":66},[52,58382,77],{"class":70},[52,58384,894],{"class":66},[52,58386,67],{"class":66},[52,58388,440],{"class":70},[52,58390,74],{"class":66},[52,58392,82],{"class":70},[52,58394,894],{"class":66},[52,58396,67],{"class":66},[52,58398,71],{"class":70},[52,58400,74],{"class":66},[52,58402,77],{"class":70},[52,58404,905],{"class":66},[52,58406,58407,58409,58411,58413,58415,58417,58419,58421,58423,58425],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58408,2347],{"class":58},[52,58410,63],{"class":62},[52,58412,14657],{"class":58},[52,58414,242],{"class":66},[52,58416,41347],{"class":108},[52,58418,1058],{"class":66},[52,58420,71],{"class":70},[52,58422,74],{"class":66},[52,58424,77],{"class":70},[52,58426,1858],{"class":66},[52,58428,58429],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58430,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,58432,58433,58435,58437,58439],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,58434,118],{"class":101},[52,58436,105],{"class":66},[52,58438,2382],{"class":108},[52,58440,112],{"class":66},[20,58442,311],{},[43,58444,58445],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,58446,58447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58448,58449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58450,710],{"class":70},[38,58452,5054,58454],{"id":58453},"when-to-use-count",[15,58455,57370],{},[20,58457,133,58458,58460],{},[15,58459,57370],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,58462,58463],{},"Good use cases:",[153,58465,58466,58469,58472],{},[156,58467,58468],{},"counting one specific item",[156,58470,58471],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[156,58473,58474],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,58476,2324],{},[43,58478,58480],{"className":45,"code":58479,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,58481,58482,58523,58547,58551],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58483,58484,58487,58489,58491,58493,58495,58497,58499,58501,58503,58505,58507,58509,58511,58513,58515,58517,58519,58521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58485,58486],{"class":58},"votes ",[52,58488,63],{"class":62},[52,58490,67],{"class":66},[52,58492,757],{"class":756},[52,58494,8744],{"class":760},[52,58496,757],{"class":756},[52,58498,74],{"class":66},[52,58500,768],{"class":756},[52,58502,8683],{"class":760},[52,58504,757],{"class":756},[52,58506,74],{"class":66},[52,58508,768],{"class":756},[52,58510,8744],{"class":760},[52,58512,757],{"class":756},[52,58514,74],{"class":66},[52,58516,768],{"class":756},[52,58518,8744],{"class":760},[52,58520,757],{"class":756},[52,58522,90],{"class":66},[52,58524,58525,58528,58530,58533,58535,58537,58539,58541,58543,58545],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58526,58527],{"class":58},"yes_votes ",[52,58529,63],{"class":62},[52,58531,58532],{"class":58}," votes",[52,58534,242],{"class":66},[52,58536,41347],{"class":108},[52,58538,105],{"class":66},[52,58540,757],{"class":756},[52,58542,8744],{"class":760},[52,58544,757],{"class":756},[52,58546,112],{"class":66},[52,58548,58549],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58550,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,58552,58553,58555,58557,58560],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,58554,118],{"class":101},[52,58556,105],{"class":66},[52,58558,58559],{"class":108},"yes_votes",[52,58561,112],{"class":66},[20,58563,58564,58566],{},[15,58565,57370],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58568,58569,58570,652,58572,242],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[236,58571,52853],{"href":51063},[236,58573,58575],{"href":58574},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[38,58577,1766],{"id":1765},[20,58579,8532,58580,242],{},[15,58581,57375],{},[461,58583,58585],{"id":58584},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58587,58588,58590],{},[15,58589,57375],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[43,58592,58594],{"className":45,"code":58593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58595,58596,58629],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58597,58598,58600,58602,58604,58606,58609,58611,58613,58615,58617,58619,58621,58623,58625,58627],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58599,749],{"class":58},[52,58601,63],{"class":62},[52,58603,67],{"class":66},[52,58605,757],{"class":756},[52,58607,58608],{"class":760},"apple pie",[52,58610,757],{"class":756},[52,58612,74],{"class":66},[52,58614,768],{"class":756},[52,58616,4180],{"class":760},[52,58618,757],{"class":756},[52,58620,74],{"class":66},[52,58622,768],{"class":756},[52,58624,58608],{"class":760},[52,58626,757],{"class":756},[52,58628,90],{"class":66},[52,58630,58631,58633,58635,58637,58639,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58632,118],{"class":101},[52,58634,105],{"class":66},[52,58636,788],{"class":108},[52,58638,242],{"class":66},[52,58640,41347],{"class":108},[52,58642,105],{"class":66},[52,58644,757],{"class":756},[52,58646,4171],{"class":760},[52,58648,757],{"class":756},[52,58650,5450],{"class":66},[52,58652,51331],{"class":129},[20,58654,1723,58655,1963],{},[15,58656,207],{},[20,58658,29156,58659,58661,58662,242],{},[15,58660,57913],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58663,58664],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58666,58667,58668,242],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58669,58670],{},"str.count()",[461,58672,8538,58674,8541,58676,1943,58678],{"id":58673},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false",[15,58675,57370],{},[15,58677,173],{},[15,58679,655],{},[20,58681,58682,58684],{},[15,58683,57370],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[43,58686,58688],{"className":45,"code":58687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58689,58690,58714],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58691,58692,58694,58696,58698,58700,58702,58704,58706,58708,58710,58712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58693,59],{"class":58},[52,58695,63],{"class":62},[52,58697,67],{"class":66},[52,58699,71],{"class":70},[52,58701,74],{"class":66},[52,58703,77],{"class":70},[52,58705,74],{"class":66},[52,58707,77],{"class":70},[52,58709,74],{"class":66},[52,58711,82],{"class":70},[52,58713,90],{"class":66},[52,58715,58716,58718,58720,58722,58724,58726,58728,58730,58732],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58717,118],{"class":101},[52,58719,105],{"class":66},[52,58721,109],{"class":108},[52,58723,242],{"class":66},[52,58725,41347],{"class":108},[52,58727,105],{"class":66},[52,58729,440],{"class":70},[52,58731,5450],{"class":66},[52,58733,51499],{"class":129},[20,58735,58736],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[43,58738,58740],{"className":45,"code":58739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58741,58742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58743,58744,58746,58748,58750,58752,58754,58756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58745,118],{"class":101},[52,58747,105],{"class":66},[52,58749,440],{"class":70},[52,58751,21268],{"class":1195},[52,58753,1686],{"class":108},[52,58755,126],{"class":66},[52,58757,3765],{"class":129},[461,58759,58761],{"id":58760},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[43,58763,58765],{"className":45,"code":58764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58766,58767,58800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58768,58769,58771,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785,58787,58789,58791,58793,58796,58798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58770,5088],{"class":58},[52,58772,63],{"class":62},[52,58774,67],{"class":66},[52,58776,757],{"class":756},[52,58778,7760],{"class":760},[52,58780,757],{"class":756},[52,58782,74],{"class":66},[52,58784,768],{"class":756},[52,58786,20312],{"class":760},[52,58788,757],{"class":756},[52,58790,74],{"class":66},[52,58792,768],{"class":756},[52,58794,58795],{"class":760},"SAM",[52,58797,757],{"class":756},[52,58799,90],{"class":66},[52,58801,58802,58804,58806,58808,58810,58812,58814,58816,58818,58820,58822],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58803,118],{"class":101},[52,58805,105],{"class":66},[52,58807,5132],{"class":108},[52,58809,242],{"class":66},[52,58811,41347],{"class":108},[52,58813,105],{"class":66},[52,58815,757],{"class":756},[52,58817,20312],{"class":760},[52,58819,757],{"class":756},[52,58821,5450],{"class":66},[52,58823,27874],{"class":129},[20,58825,58826,58827,58830],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58828,58829],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[461,58832,29745,58834,33645],{"id":58833},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58835,57370],{},[20,58837,58838],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[43,58840,58842],{"className":45,"code":58841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58843,58844,58854,58868,58886,58900,58912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,58845,58846,58848,58850,58852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,58847,118],{"class":101},[52,58849,105],{"class":66},[52,58851,8425],{"class":108},[52,58853,112],{"class":66},[52,58855,58856,58858,58860,58862,58864,58866],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,58857,118],{"class":101},[52,58859,105],{"class":66},[52,58861,1827],{"class":1184},[52,58863,105],{"class":66},[52,58865,8425],{"class":108},[52,58867,510],{"class":66},[52,58869,58870,58872,58874,58876,58878,58880,58882,58884],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,58871,118],{"class":101},[52,58873,105],{"class":66},[52,58875,8425],{"class":108},[52,58877,242],{"class":66},[52,58879,41347],{"class":108},[52,58881,105],{"class":66},[52,58883,2588],{"class":108},[52,58885,510],{"class":66},[52,58887,58888,58890,58892,58894,58896,58898],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,58889,118],{"class":101},[52,58891,105],{"class":66},[52,58893,2563],{"class":108},[52,58895,1202],{"class":1195},[52,58897,8482],{"class":108},[52,58899,112],{"class":66},[52,58901,58902,58904,58906,58908,58910],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,58903,1678],{"class":1195},[52,58905,6048],{"class":58},[52,58907,1202],{"class":1195},[52,58909,8482],{"class":58},[52,58911,1689],{"class":66},[52,58913,58914,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,58915,8154],{"class":101},[52,58917,105],{"class":66},[52,58919,41865],{"class":101},[52,58921,105],{"class":66},[52,58923,23406],{"class":108},[52,58925,510],{"class":66},[20,58927,58928],{},"These checks can help you see:",[153,58930,58931,58934,58937],{},[156,58932,58933],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[156,58935,58936],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[156,58938,58939],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58941,58942],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[153,58944,58945,58950,58953,58960],{},[156,58946,50575,58947,58949],{},[15,58948,57370],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[156,58951,58952],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[156,58954,11195,58955,58957,58958],{},[15,58956,57375],{}," with string ",[15,58959,57370],{},[156,58961,58962],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[38,58964,1919],{"id":1918},[461,58966,12792,58968,58970],{"id":58967},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58969,57375],{}," change the list?",[20,58972,58973],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[461,58975,58977],{"id":58976},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58979,11998,58980,242],{},[15,58981,207],{},[461,58983,1933,58985,58987],{"id":58984},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58986,57375],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58989,58990],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[461,58992,14994,58994,58996],{"id":58993},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58995,57375],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58998,42238,58999,652,59001,59003],{},[15,59000,57916],{},[15,59002,57913],{}," are different values.",[461,59005,1973,59007,59009,59010,1963],{"id":59006},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,59008,173],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,59011,71],{},[20,59013,8872,59014,59016,59017,652,59019,59016,59021,242],{},[15,59015,173],{}," compares equal to ",[15,59018,71],{},[15,59020,655],{},[15,59022,207],{},[38,59024,1986],{"id":1985},[153,59026,59027,59031,59037,59041,59049,59056],{},[156,59028,59029],{},[236,59030,52853],{"href":51063},[156,59032,59033],{},[236,59034,59036],{"href":59035},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[156,59038,59039],{},[236,59040,7017],{"href":6283},[156,59042,59043],{},[236,59044,55600,59046,10828],{"href":59045},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,59047,59048],{},"index()",[156,59050,59051],{},[236,59052,13,59054],{"href":59053},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,59055,2007],{},[156,59057,59058],{},[236,59059,59060],{"href":58574},"What is a list in Python",[2029,59062,59063],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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.shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":59065},[59066,59067,59069,59070,59071,59077,59083,59085,59093,59104],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":57467,"depth":93,"text":59068},"What list.count() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":38112,"depth":93,"text":38113},{"id":57789,"depth":93,"text":57790,"children":59072},[59073,59074,59076],{"id":57821,"depth":115,"text":57822},{"id":57920,"depth":115,"text":59075},"1 and True can match",{"id":58019,"depth":115,"text":58020},{"id":58097,"depth":93,"text":58098,"children":59078},[59079,59080,59081,59082],{"id":58101,"depth":115,"text":58102},{"id":58180,"depth":115,"text":58181},{"id":58277,"depth":115,"text":58278},{"id":58352,"depth":115,"text":58353},{"id":58453,"depth":93,"text":59084},"When to use count()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":59086},[59087,59088,59090,59091],{"id":58584,"depth":115,"text":58585},{"id":58673,"depth":115,"text":59089},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":58760,"depth":115,"text":58761},{"id":58833,"depth":115,"text":59092},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":59094},[59095,59097,59098,59100,59102],{"id":58967,"depth":115,"text":59096},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58976,"depth":115,"text":58977},{"id":58984,"depth":115,"text":59099},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58993,"depth":115,"text":59101},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":59006,"depth":115,"text":59103},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":57362,"description":59105},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":59112,"title":59113,"body":59114,"description":61072,"extension":2083,"meta":61073,"navigation":296,"path":61074,"seo":61075,"stem":61076,"__hash__":61077},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":59115,"toc":61035},[59116,59119,59122,59124,59252,59256,59337,59348,59350,59369,59373,59376,59379,59397,59399,59442,59446,59471,59480,59484,59489,59492,59609,59613,59682,59686,59698,59702,59705,59746,59750,59763,59766,59851,59855,59888,59895,59901,59906,59908,59920,59924,59957,59961,59993,59997,60034,60038,60058,60062,60095,60099,60128,60139,60143,60146,60149,60162,60219,60223,60262,60268,60271,60273,60276,60280,60283,60308,60310,60335,60342,60345,60390,60394,60413,60416,60455,60462,60467,60501,60505,60604,60610,60643,60647,60672,60676,60679,60717,60720,60757,60761,60764,60783,60787,60848,60850,60868,60872,60875,60878,60907,60909,60913,60916,60924,60928,60931,60951,60957,60963,60967,60970,60977,60985,60987,61026,61032],[10,59117,59113],{"id":59118},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,59120,59121],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[38,59123,3712],{"id":3711},[43,59125,59127],{"className":45,"code":59126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59128,59129,59149,59181,59189,59207,59211,59221,59231,59242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59130,59131,59133,59135,59137,59139,59141,59143,59145,59147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59132,59],{"class":58},[52,59134,63],{"class":62},[52,59136,67],{"class":66},[52,59138,71],{"class":70},[52,59140,74],{"class":66},[52,59142,77],{"class":70},[52,59144,74],{"class":66},[52,59146,82],{"class":70},[52,59148,90],{"class":66},[52,59150,59151,59153,59155,59157,59159,59161,59163,59165,59167,59169,59171,59173,59175,59177,59179],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59152,5088],{"class":58},[52,59154,63],{"class":62},[52,59156,67],{"class":66},[52,59158,757],{"class":756},[52,59160,12969],{"class":760},[52,59162,757],{"class":756},[52,59164,74],{"class":66},[52,59166,768],{"class":756},[52,59168,36040],{"class":760},[52,59170,757],{"class":756},[52,59172,74],{"class":66},[52,59174,768],{"class":756},[52,59176,36049],{"class":760},[52,59178,757],{"class":756},[52,59180,90],{"class":66},[52,59182,59183,59185,59187],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59184,56011],{"class":58},[52,59186,63],{"class":62},[52,59188,7923],{"class":66},[52,59190,59191,59193,59195,59197,59199,59201,59203,59205],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,59192,1387],{"class":58},[52,59194,63],{"class":62},[52,59196,22655],{"class":1184},[52,59198,105],{"class":66},[52,59200,757],{"class":756},[52,59202,41646],{"class":760},[52,59204,757],{"class":756},[52,59206,112],{"class":66},[52,59208,59209],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,59210,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,59212,59213,59215,59217,59219],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,59214,118],{"class":101},[52,59216,105],{"class":66},[52,59218,109],{"class":108},[52,59220,112],{"class":66},[52,59222,59223,59225,59227,59229],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,59224,118],{"class":101},[52,59226,105],{"class":66},[52,59228,5132],{"class":108},[52,59230,112],{"class":66},[52,59232,59233,59235,59237,59240],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,59234,118],{"class":101},[52,59236,105],{"class":66},[52,59238,59239],{"class":108},"empty_list",[52,59241,112],{"class":66},[52,59243,59244,59246,59248,59250],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,59245,118],{"class":101},[52,59247,105],{"class":66},[52,59249,1458],{"class":108},[52,59251,112],{"class":66},[20,59253,59254],{},[3842,59255,311],{},[43,59257,59259],{"className":45,"code":59258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,59260,59261,59277,59305,59309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59262,59263,59265,59267,59269,59271,59273,59275],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59264,3994],{"class":66},[52,59266,71],{"class":70},[52,59268,74],{"class":66},[52,59270,77],{"class":70},[52,59272,74],{"class":66},[52,59274,82],{"class":70},[52,59276,90],{"class":66},[52,59278,59279,59281,59283,59285,59287,59289,59291,59293,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59280,3994],{"class":66},[52,59282,3406],{"class":756},[52,59284,12969],{"class":760},[52,59286,3406],{"class":756},[52,59288,74],{"class":66},[52,59290,3401],{"class":756},[52,59292,36040],{"class":760},[52,59294,3406],{"class":756},[52,59296,74],{"class":66},[52,59298,3401],{"class":756},[52,59300,36049],{"class":760},[52,59302,3406],{"class":756},[52,59304,90],{"class":66},[52,59306,59307],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59308,38390],{"class":66},[52,59310,59311,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327,59329,59331,59333,59335],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,59312,3994],{"class":66},[52,59314,3406],{"class":756},[52,59316,236],{"class":760},[52,59318,3406],{"class":756},[52,59320,74],{"class":66},[52,59322,3401],{"class":756},[52,59324,4853],{"class":760},[52,59326,3406],{"class":756},[52,59328,74],{"class":66},[52,59330,3401],{"class":756},[52,59332,9825],{"class":760},[52,59334,3406],{"class":756},[52,59336,90],{"class":66},[20,59338,59339,59340,59342,59343,59345,59346,242],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,59341,3887],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,59344,24875],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,59347,167],{},[38,59349,15254],{"id":15253},[153,59351,59352,59355,59358,59361,59366],{},[156,59353,59354],{},"What a list is in Python",[156,59356,59357],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[156,59359,59360],{},"How to create an empty list",[156,59362,59363,59364,2421],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,59365,24875],{},[156,59367,59368],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[38,59370,59372],{"id":59371},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,59374,59375],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,59377,59378],{},"This means:",[153,59380,59381,59384,59387,59390],{},[156,59382,59383],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[156,59385,59386],{},"The order of items is kept",[156,59388,59389],{},"A list can hold different data types",[156,59391,59392,59393,59396],{},"A list is ",[3842,59394,59395],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,59398,2324],{},[43,59400,59402],{"className":45,"code":59401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,59403,59404,59428,59432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59405,59406,59408,59410,59412,59414,59416,59418,59420,59422,59424,59426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59407,7863],{"class":58},[52,59409,63],{"class":62},[52,59411,67],{"class":66},[52,59413,757],{"class":756},[52,59415,4171],{"class":760},[52,59417,757],{"class":756},[52,59419,74],{"class":66},[52,59421,270],{"class":70},[52,59423,74],{"class":66},[52,59425,684],{"class":674},[52,59427,90],{"class":66},[52,59429,59430],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59431,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,59433,59434,59436,59438,59440],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59435,118],{"class":101},[52,59437,105],{"class":66},[52,59439,7894],{"class":108},[52,59441,112],{"class":66},[20,59443,59444],{},[3842,59445,311],{},[43,59447,59449],{"className":45,"code":59448,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,59450,59451],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59452,59453,59455,59457,59459,59461,59463,59465,59467,59469],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59454,3994],{"class":66},[52,59456,3406],{"class":756},[52,59458,4171],{"class":760},[52,59460,3406],{"class":756},[52,59462,74],{"class":66},[52,59464,270],{"class":70},[52,59466,74],{"class":66},[52,59468,684],{"class":674},[52,59470,90],{"class":66},[20,59472,59473,59474,1943,59477,242],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[236,59475,59476],{"href":51063},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[236,59478,59479],{"href":58574},"What is a List in Python?",[38,59481,59483],{"id":59482},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,59485,59339,59486,59488],{},[15,59487,3887],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59490,59491],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[43,59493,59495],{"className":45,"code":59494,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59496,59497,59517,59549,59574,59578,59588,59598],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59498,59499,59501,59503,59505,59507,59509,59511,59513,59515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59500,59],{"class":58},[52,59502,63],{"class":62},[52,59504,67],{"class":66},[52,59506,71],{"class":70},[52,59508,74],{"class":66},[52,59510,77],{"class":70},[52,59512,74],{"class":66},[52,59514,82],{"class":70},[52,59516,90],{"class":66},[52,59518,59519,59521,59523,59525,59527,59529,59531,59533,59535,59537,59539,59541,59543,59545,59547],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59520,5088],{"class":58},[52,59522,63],{"class":62},[52,59524,67],{"class":66},[52,59526,757],{"class":756},[52,59528,12969],{"class":760},[52,59530,757],{"class":756},[52,59532,74],{"class":66},[52,59534,768],{"class":756},[52,59536,36040],{"class":760},[52,59538,757],{"class":756},[52,59540,74],{"class":66},[52,59542,768],{"class":756},[52,59544,36049],{"class":760},[52,59546,757],{"class":756},[52,59548,90],{"class":66},[52,59550,59551,59554,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566,59568,59570,59572],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59552,59553],{"class":58},"mixed ",[52,59555,63],{"class":62},[52,59557,67],{"class":66},[52,59559,430],{"class":70},[52,59561,74],{"class":66},[52,59563,768],{"class":756},[52,59565,761],{"class":760},[52,59567,757],{"class":756},[52,59569,74],{"class":66},[52,59571,679],{"class":674},[52,59573,90],{"class":66},[52,59575,59576],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,59577,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,59579,59580,59582,59584,59586],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,59581,118],{"class":101},[52,59583,105],{"class":66},[52,59585,109],{"class":108},[52,59587,112],{"class":66},[52,59589,59590,59592,59594,59596],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,59591,118],{"class":101},[52,59593,105],{"class":66},[52,59595,5132],{"class":108},[52,59597,112],{"class":66},[52,59599,59600,59602,59604,59607],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,59601,118],{"class":101},[52,59603,105],{"class":66},[52,59605,59606],{"class":108},"mixed",[52,59608,112],{"class":66},[20,59610,59611],{},[3842,59612,311],{},[43,59614,59616],{"className":45,"code":59615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59617,59618,59634,59662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59619,59620,59622,59624,59626,59628,59630,59632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59621,3994],{"class":66},[52,59623,71],{"class":70},[52,59625,74],{"class":66},[52,59627,77],{"class":70},[52,59629,74],{"class":66},[52,59631,82],{"class":70},[52,59633,90],{"class":66},[52,59635,59636,59638,59640,59642,59644,59646,59648,59650,59652,59654,59656,59658,59660],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59637,3994],{"class":66},[52,59639,3406],{"class":756},[52,59641,12969],{"class":760},[52,59643,3406],{"class":756},[52,59645,74],{"class":66},[52,59647,3401],{"class":756},[52,59649,36040],{"class":760},[52,59651,3406],{"class":756},[52,59653,74],{"class":66},[52,59655,3401],{"class":756},[52,59657,36049],{"class":760},[52,59659,3406],{"class":756},[52,59661,90],{"class":66},[52,59663,59664,59666,59668,59670,59672,59674,59676,59678,59680],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59665,3994],{"class":66},[52,59667,430],{"class":70},[52,59669,74],{"class":66},[52,59671,3401],{"class":756},[52,59673,761],{"class":760},[52,59675,3406],{"class":756},[52,59677,74],{"class":66},[52,59679,679],{"class":674},[52,59681,90],{"class":66},[461,59683,59685],{"id":59684},"key-points","Key points",[153,59687,59688,59693,59695],{},[156,59689,133,59690,59692],{},[15,59691,3887],{}," to make a new list",[156,59694,15524],{},[156,59696,59697],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[38,59699,59701],{"id":59700},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59703,59704],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[43,59706,59708],{"className":45,"code":59707,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59709,59710,59718,59722,59732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59711,59712,59714,59716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59713,8394],{"class":58},[52,59715,63],{"class":62},[52,59717,7923],{"class":66},[52,59719,59720],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59721,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,59723,59724,59726,59728,59730],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59725,118],{"class":101},[52,59727,105],{"class":66},[52,59729,8425],{"class":108},[52,59731,112],{"class":66},[52,59733,59734,59736,59738,59740,59742,59744],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,59735,118],{"class":101},[52,59737,105],{"class":66},[52,59739,11250],{"class":101},[52,59741,105],{"class":66},[52,59743,8425],{"class":108},[52,59745,510],{"class":66},[20,59747,59748],{},[3842,59749,311],{},[43,59751,59753],{"className":45,"code":59752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[]\n0\n",[15,59754,59755,59759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59756,59757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59758,38390],{"class":66},[52,59760,59761],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59762,47335],{"class":70},[20,59764,59765],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[43,59767,59769],{"className":45,"code":59768,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59770,59771,59779,59783,59801,59819,59837,59841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59772,59773,59775,59777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59774,5088],{"class":58},[52,59776,63],{"class":62},[52,59778,7923],{"class":66},[52,59780,59781],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59782,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,59784,59785,59787,59789,59791,59793,59795,59797,59799],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,59786,5132],{"class":58},[52,59788,242],{"class":66},[52,59790,13643],{"class":108},[52,59792,105],{"class":66},[52,59794,757],{"class":756},[52,59796,12969],{"class":760},[52,59798,757],{"class":756},[52,59800,112],{"class":66},[52,59802,59803,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,59804,5132],{"class":58},[52,59806,242],{"class":66},[52,59808,13643],{"class":108},[52,59810,105],{"class":66},[52,59812,757],{"class":756},[52,59814,36040],{"class":760},[52,59816,757],{"class":756},[52,59818,112],{"class":66},[52,59820,59821,59823,59825,59827,59829,59831,59833,59835],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,59822,5132],{"class":58},[52,59824,242],{"class":66},[52,59826,13643],{"class":108},[52,59828,105],{"class":66},[52,59830,757],{"class":756},[52,59832,36049],{"class":760},[52,59834,757],{"class":756},[52,59836,112],{"class":66},[52,59838,59839],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,59840,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,59842,59843,59845,59847,59849],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,59844,118],{"class":101},[52,59846,105],{"class":66},[52,59848,5132],{"class":108},[52,59850,112],{"class":66},[20,59852,59853],{},[3842,59854,311],{},[43,59856,59858],{"className":45,"code":59857,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59859,59860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59861,59862,59864,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880,59882,59884,59886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59863,3994],{"class":66},[52,59865,3406],{"class":756},[52,59867,12969],{"class":760},[52,59869,3406],{"class":756},[52,59871,74],{"class":66},[52,59873,3401],{"class":756},[52,59875,36040],{"class":760},[52,59877,3406],{"class":756},[52,59879,74],{"class":66},[52,59881,3401],{"class":756},[52,59883,36049],{"class":760},[52,59885,3406],{"class":756},[52,59887,90],{"class":66},[20,59889,59890,59891,242],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[236,59892,59893,10828],{"href":56848},[15,59894,52734],{},[38,59896,59898,59899],{"id":59897},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59900,24875],{},[20,59902,133,59903,59905],{},[15,59904,24875],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59907,5546],{},[153,59909,59910,59912,59914,59916],{},[156,59911,5398],{},[156,59913,5392],{},[156,59915,5395],{},[156,59917,59918],{},[15,59919,167],{},[461,59921,59923],{"id":59922},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[43,59925,59927],{"className":45,"code":59926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59928,59929,59947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59930,59931,59933,59935,59937,59939,59941,59943,59945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59932,1387],{"class":58},[52,59934,63],{"class":62},[52,59936,22655],{"class":1184},[52,59938,105],{"class":66},[52,59940,757],{"class":756},[52,59942,41646],{"class":760},[52,59944,757],{"class":756},[52,59946,112],{"class":66},[52,59948,59949,59951,59953,59955],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,59950,118],{"class":101},[52,59952,105],{"class":66},[52,59954,1458],{"class":108},[52,59956,112],{"class":66},[20,59958,59959],{},[3842,59960,311],{},[43,59962,59963],{"className":45,"code":42959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,59964,59965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,59966,59967,59969,59971,59973,59975,59977,59979,59981,59983,59985,59987,59989,59991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,59968,3994],{"class":66},[52,59970,3406],{"class":756},[52,59972,236],{"class":760},[52,59974,3406],{"class":756},[52,59976,74],{"class":66},[52,59978,3401],{"class":756},[52,59980,4853],{"class":760},[52,59982,3406],{"class":756},[52,59984,74],{"class":66},[52,59986,3401],{"class":756},[52,59988,9825],{"class":760},[52,59990,3406],{"class":756},[52,59992,90],{"class":66},[461,59994,59996],{"id":59995},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[43,59998,60000],{"className":45,"code":59999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,60001,60002,60024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60003,60004,60006,60008,60010,60012,60014,60016,60018,60020,60022],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60005,59],{"class":58},[52,60007,63],{"class":62},[52,60009,22655],{"class":1184},[52,60011,5599],{"class":66},[52,60013,71],{"class":70},[52,60015,74],{"class":66},[52,60017,77],{"class":70},[52,60019,74],{"class":66},[52,60021,82],{"class":70},[52,60023,510],{"class":66},[52,60025,60026,60028,60030,60032],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60027,118],{"class":101},[52,60029,105],{"class":66},[52,60031,109],{"class":108},[52,60033,112],{"class":66},[20,60035,60036],{},[3842,60037,311],{},[43,60039,60040],{"className":45,"code":55230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60041,60042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60043,60044,60046,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60045,3994],{"class":66},[52,60047,71],{"class":70},[52,60049,74],{"class":66},[52,60051,77],{"class":70},[52,60053,74],{"class":66},[52,60055,82],{"class":70},[52,60057,90],{"class":66},[461,60059,60061],{"id":60060},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[43,60063,60065],{"className":45,"code":60064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,60066,60067,60085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60068,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60079,60081,60083],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60070,474],{"class":58},[52,60072,63],{"class":62},[52,60074,22655],{"class":1184},[52,60076,105],{"class":66},[52,60078,28],{"class":101},[52,60080,105],{"class":66},[52,60082,265],{"class":70},[52,60084,510],{"class":66},[52,60086,60087,60089,60091,60093],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60088,118],{"class":101},[52,60090,105],{"class":66},[52,60092,507],{"class":108},[52,60094,112],{"class":66},[20,60096,60097],{},[3842,60098,311],{},[43,60100,60102],{"className":45,"code":60101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60103,60104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60105,60106,60108,60110,60112,60114,60116,60118,60120,60122,60124,60126],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60107,3994],{"class":66},[52,60109,207],{"class":70},[52,60111,74],{"class":66},[52,60113,5586],{"class":70},[52,60115,74],{"class":66},[52,60117,77],{"class":70},[52,60119,74],{"class":66},[52,60121,82],{"class":70},[52,60123,74],{"class":66},[52,60125,87],{"class":70},[52,60127,90],{"class":66},[20,60129,60130,60132,60133,242],{},[15,60131,24875],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[236,60134,60136,60138],{"href":60135},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,60137,24875],{},": Function Explained",[38,60140,60142],{"id":60141},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,60144,60145],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,60147,60148],{},"Examples include:",[153,60150,60151,60153,60155,60157,60159],{},[156,60152,5398],{},[156,60154,463],{},[156,60156,524],{},[156,60158,40684],{},[156,60160,60161],{},"other lists",[43,60163,60165],{"className":45,"code":60164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,60166,60167,60205,60209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60168,60169,60171,60173,60175,60177,60179,60181,60183,60185,60187,60189,60191,60193,60195,60197,60199,60201,60203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60170,9251],{"class":58},[52,60172,63],{"class":62},[52,60174,67],{"class":66},[52,60176,757],{"class":756},[52,60178,12969],{"class":760},[52,60180,757],{"class":756},[52,60182,74],{"class":66},[52,60184,9391],{"class":70},[52,60186,74],{"class":66},[52,60188,684],{"class":674},[52,60190,74],{"class":66},[52,60192,67],{"class":66},[52,60194,71],{"class":70},[52,60196,74],{"class":66},[52,60198,77],{"class":70},[52,60200,74],{"class":66},[52,60202,82],{"class":70},[52,60204,905],{"class":66},[52,60206,60207],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60208,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,60210,60211,60213,60215,60217],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,60212,118],{"class":101},[52,60214,105],{"class":66},[52,60216,9289],{"class":108},[52,60218,112],{"class":66},[20,60220,60221],{},[3842,60222,311],{},[43,60224,60226],{"className":45,"code":60225,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,60227,60228],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60229,60230,60232,60234,60236,60238,60240,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60231,3994],{"class":66},[52,60233,3406],{"class":756},[52,60235,12969],{"class":760},[52,60237,3406],{"class":756},[52,60239,74],{"class":66},[52,60241,9391],{"class":70},[52,60243,74],{"class":66},[52,60245,684],{"class":674},[52,60247,74],{"class":66},[52,60249,67],{"class":66},[52,60251,71],{"class":70},[52,60253,74],{"class":66},[52,60255,77],{"class":70},[52,60257,74],{"class":66},[52,60259,82],{"class":70},[52,60261,905],{"class":66},[20,60263,60264,60265,242],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3842,60266,60267],{},"nested list",[20,60269,60270],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[38,60272,4610],{"id":4609},[20,60274,60275],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[461,60277,60279],{"id":60278},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,60281,60282],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[43,60284,60286],{"className":45,"code":60285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,60287,60288,60292],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60289,60290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60291,4626],{"class":129},[52,60293,60294,60296,60298,60300,60302,60304,60306],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60295,59],{"class":58},[52,60297,63],{"class":62},[52,60299,67],{"class":66},[52,60301,71],{"class":70},[52,60303,77],{"class":70},[52,60305,82],{"class":70},[52,60307,90],{"class":66},[20,60309,10895],{},[43,60311,60313],{"className":45,"code":60312,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,60314,60315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60316,60317,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329,60331,60333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60318,59],{"class":58},[52,60320,63],{"class":62},[52,60322,67],{"class":66},[52,60324,71],{"class":70},[52,60326,74],{"class":66},[52,60328,77],{"class":70},[52,60330,74],{"class":66},[52,60332,82],{"class":70},[52,60334,90],{"class":66},[461,60336,1372,60338,11180,60340],{"id":60337},"using-instead-of",[15,60339,7448],{},[15,60341,3887],{},[20,60343,60344],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[43,60346,60348],{"className":45,"code":60347,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60349,60350,60371,60375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60351,60352,60355,60357,60359,60361,60363,60365,60367,60369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60353,60354],{"class":58},"my_values ",[52,60356,63],{"class":62},[52,60358,9321],{"class":66},[52,60360,71],{"class":70},[52,60362,74],{"class":66},[52,60364,77],{"class":70},[52,60366,74],{"class":66},[52,60368,82],{"class":70},[52,60370,112],{"class":66},[52,60372,60373],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60374,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,60376,60377,60379,60381,60383,60385,60388],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,60378,118],{"class":101},[52,60380,105],{"class":66},[52,60382,1827],{"class":1184},[52,60384,105],{"class":66},[52,60386,60387],{"class":108},"my_values",[52,60389,510],{"class":66},[20,60391,60392],{},[3842,60393,311],{},[43,60395,60397],{"className":45,"code":60396,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,60398,60399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60400,60401,60403,60405,60407,60409,60411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60402,3395],{"class":62},[52,60404,3398],{"class":2184},[52,60406,3401],{"class":756},[52,60408,49036],{"class":760},[52,60410,3406],{"class":756},[52,60412,3409],{"class":62},[20,60414,60415],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[43,60417,60419],{"className":45,"code":60418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,60420,60421,60441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60422,60423,60425,60427,60429,60431,60433,60435,60437,60439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60424,60354],{"class":58},[52,60426,63],{"class":62},[52,60428,67],{"class":66},[52,60430,71],{"class":70},[52,60432,74],{"class":66},[52,60434,77],{"class":70},[52,60436,74],{"class":66},[52,60438,82],{"class":70},[52,60440,90],{"class":66},[52,60442,60443,60445,60447,60449,60451,60453],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60444,118],{"class":101},[52,60446,105],{"class":66},[52,60448,1827],{"class":1184},[52,60450,105],{"class":66},[52,60452,60387],{"class":108},[52,60454,510],{"class":66},[461,60456,8538,60458,60461],{"id":60457},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,60459,60460],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,60463,60464,60466],{},[15,60465,24875],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[43,60468,60470],{"className":45,"code":60469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,60471,60472,60491],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60473,60474,60476,60478,60480,60482,60484,60487,60489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60475,2347],{"class":58},[52,60477,63],{"class":62},[52,60479,22655],{"class":1184},[52,60481,105],{"class":66},[52,60483,757],{"class":756},[52,60485,60486],{"class":760},"hello world",[52,60488,757],{"class":756},[52,60490,112],{"class":66},[52,60492,60493,60495,60497,60499],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60494,118],{"class":101},[52,60496,105],{"class":66},[52,60498,2382],{"class":108},[52,60500,112],{"class":66},[20,60502,60503],{},[3842,60504,311],{},[43,60506,60508],{"className":45,"code":60507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60509,60510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60511,60512,60514,60516,60518,60520,60522,60524,60527,60529,60531,60533,60536,60538,60540,60542,60544,60546,60548,60550,60552,60554,60556,60558,60560,60562,60564,60567,60569,60571,60573,60575,60577,60579,60581,60584,60586,60588,60590,60592,60594,60596,60598,60600,60602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60513,3994],{"class":66},[52,60515,3406],{"class":756},[52,60517,1423],{"class":760},[52,60519,3406],{"class":756},[52,60521,74],{"class":66},[52,60523,3401],{"class":756},[52,60525,60526],{"class":760},"e",[52,60528,3406],{"class":756},[52,60530,74],{"class":66},[52,60532,3401],{"class":756},[52,60534,60535],{"class":760},"l",[52,60537,3406],{"class":756},[52,60539,74],{"class":66},[52,60541,3401],{"class":756},[52,60543,60535],{"class":760},[52,60545,3406],{"class":756},[52,60547,74],{"class":66},[52,60549,3401],{"class":756},[52,60551,1432],{"class":760},[52,60553,3406],{"class":756},[52,60555,74],{"class":66},[52,60557,3401],{"class":756},[52,60559,3401],{"class":756},[52,60561,74],{"class":66},[52,60563,3401],{"class":756},[52,60565,60566],{"class":760},"w",[52,60568,3406],{"class":756},[52,60570,74],{"class":66},[52,60572,3401],{"class":756},[52,60574,1432],{"class":760},[52,60576,3406],{"class":756},[52,60578,74],{"class":66},[52,60580,3401],{"class":756},[52,60582,60583],{"class":760},"r",[52,60585,3406],{"class":756},[52,60587,74],{"class":66},[52,60589,3401],{"class":756},[52,60591,60535],{"class":760},[52,60593,3406],{"class":756},[52,60595,74],{"class":66},[52,60597,3401],{"class":756},[52,60599,18861],{"class":760},[52,60601,3406],{"class":756},[52,60603,90],{"class":66},[20,60605,60606,60607,1466],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60608,60609],{},"split()",[43,60611,60613],{"className":45,"code":60612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60614,60615,60633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60616,60617,60619,60621,60623,60625,60627,60629,60631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60618,749],{"class":58},[52,60620,63],{"class":62},[52,60622,768],{"class":756},[52,60624,60486],{"class":760},[52,60626,757],{"class":756},[52,60628,242],{"class":66},[52,60630,34566],{"class":108},[52,60632,8729],{"class":66},[52,60634,60635,60637,60639,60641],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60636,118],{"class":101},[52,60638,105],{"class":66},[52,60640,788],{"class":108},[52,60642,112],{"class":66},[20,60644,60645],{},[3842,60646,311],{},[43,60648,60650],{"className":45,"code":60649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60651,60652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60653,60654,60656,60658,60660,60662,60664,60666,60668,60670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60655,3994],{"class":66},[52,60657,3406],{"class":756},[52,60659,761],{"class":760},[52,60661,3406],{"class":756},[52,60663,74],{"class":66},[52,60665,3401],{"class":756},[52,60667,771],{"class":760},[52,60669,3406],{"class":756},[52,60671,90],{"class":66},[461,60673,60675],{"id":60674},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60677,60678],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[43,60680,60682],{"className":45,"code":60681,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60683,60684,60688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60685,60686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60687,4626],{"class":129},[52,60689,60690,60692,60694,60696,60698,60700,60702,60704,60706,60709,60711,60713,60715],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60691,5088],{"class":58},[52,60693,63],{"class":62},[52,60695,67],{"class":66},[52,60697,757],{"class":756},[52,60699,12969],{"class":760},[52,60701,757],{"class":756},[52,60703,74],{"class":66},[52,60705,768],{"class":756},[52,60707,60708],{"class":760},"Ben', ",[52,60710,757],{"class":756},[52,60712,36049],{"class":58},[52,60714,757],{"class":756},[52,60716,90],{"class":760},[20,60718,60719],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[43,60721,60723],{"className":45,"code":60722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60724,60725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60726,60727,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737,60739,60741,60743,60745,60747,60749,60751,60753,60755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60728,5088],{"class":58},[52,60730,63],{"class":62},[52,60732,67],{"class":66},[52,60734,757],{"class":756},[52,60736,12969],{"class":760},[52,60738,757],{"class":756},[52,60740,74],{"class":66},[52,60742,768],{"class":756},[52,60744,36040],{"class":760},[52,60746,757],{"class":756},[52,60748,74],{"class":66},[52,60750,768],{"class":756},[52,60752,36049],{"class":760},[52,60754,757],{"class":756},[52,60756,90],{"class":66},[461,60758,60760],{"id":60759},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60762,60763],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[153,60765,60766,60769,60772,60777],{},[156,60767,60768],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[156,60770,60771],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[156,60773,60774,60775],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60776,24875],{},[156,60778,8538,60779,60782],{},[15,60780,60781],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[461,60784,60786],{"id":60785},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[43,60788,60790],{"className":45,"code":60789,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60791,60792,60802,60816,60830],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60793,60794,60796,60798,60800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60795,118],{"class":101},[52,60797,105],{"class":66},[52,60799,8425],{"class":108},[52,60801,112],{"class":66},[52,60803,60804,60806,60808,60810,60812,60814],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,60805,118],{"class":101},[52,60807,105],{"class":66},[52,60809,1827],{"class":1184},[52,60811,105],{"class":66},[52,60813,8425],{"class":108},[52,60815,510],{"class":66},[52,60817,60818,60820,60822,60824,60826,60828],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,60819,118],{"class":101},[52,60821,105],{"class":66},[52,60823,11250],{"class":101},[52,60825,105],{"class":66},[52,60827,8425],{"class":108},[52,60829,510],{"class":66},[52,60831,60832,60834,60836,60838,60840,60842,60844,60846],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,60833,118],{"class":101},[52,60835,105],{"class":66},[52,60837,8179],{"class":1184},[52,60839,105],{"class":66},[52,60841,28],{"class":101},[52,60843,105],{"class":66},[52,60845,265],{"class":70},[52,60847,622],{"class":66},[20,60849,26103],{},[153,60851,60852,60855,60858,60861],{},[156,60853,60854],{},"what the list contains",[156,60856,60857],{},"whether the value is really a list",[156,60859,60860],{},"how many items it has",[156,60862,26114,60863,60865,60866],{},[15,60864,24875],{}," does with ",[15,60867,167],{},[38,60869,60871],{"id":60870},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60873,60874],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60876,60877],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[153,60879,60880,60895,60900],{},[156,60881,133,60882,2305,60886,17165,60890,60894],{},[236,60883,60884],{"href":56848},[15,60885,52734],{},[236,60887,60888],{"href":53425},[15,60889,53527],{},[236,60891,60892],{"href":53989},[15,60893,54348],{}," to add items later",[156,60896,133,60897,60899],{},[236,60898,59476],{"href":51063}," for a broader introduction",[156,60901,133,60902,60906],{},[236,60903,60904,60138],{"href":60135},[15,60905,24875],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[38,60908,1919],{"id":1918},[461,60910,60912],{"id":60911},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60914,60915],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[43,60917,60918],{"className":45,"code":38390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60919,60920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60921,60922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60923,38390],{"class":66},[461,60925,60927],{"id":60926},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60929,60930],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[43,60932,60933],{"className":45,"code":55230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,60934,60935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,60936,60937,60939,60941,60943,60945,60947,60949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,60938,3994],{"class":66},[52,60940,71],{"class":70},[52,60942,74],{"class":66},[52,60944,77],{"class":70},[52,60946,74],{"class":66},[52,60948,82],{"class":70},[52,60950,90],{"class":66},[461,60952,1923,60954,60956],{"id":60953},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60955,24875],{}," do in Python?",[20,60958,60959,60960,60962],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60961,167],{},", into a list.",[461,60964,60966],{"id":60965},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60968,60969],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[461,60971,5270,60973,652,60975,1963],{"id":60972},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60974,3887],{},[15,60976,7448],{},[20,60978,60979,60981,60982,60984],{},[15,60980,3887],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60983,7448],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[38,60986,1986],{"id":1985},[153,60988,60989,60993,60999,61005,61011,61017,61021],{},[156,60990,60991],{},[236,60992,59476],{"href":51063},[156,60994,60995],{},[236,60996,55600,60997,11411],{"href":56848},[15,60998,52734],{},[156,61000,61001],{},[236,61002,55600,61003,11411],{"href":53425},[15,61004,53527],{},[156,61006,61007],{},[236,61008,55600,61009,11411],{"href":53989},[15,61010,54348],{},[156,61012,61013],{},[236,61014,13,61015,18],{"href":60135},[15,61016,24875],{},[156,61018,61019],{},[236,61020,59479],{"href":58574},[156,61022,61023],{},[236,61024,61025],{"href":12152},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,61027,61028,61029,61031],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,61030,52734],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[2029,61033,61034],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":61036},[61037,61038,61039,61040,61043,61044,61050,61051,61061,61062,61071],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":15253,"depth":93,"text":15254},{"id":59371,"depth":93,"text":59372},{"id":59482,"depth":93,"text":59483,"children":61041},[61042],{"id":59684,"depth":115,"text":59685},{"id":59700,"depth":93,"text":59701},{"id":59897,"depth":93,"text":61045,"children":61046},"Create a list with list()",[61047,61048,61049],{"id":59922,"depth":115,"text":59923},{"id":59995,"depth":115,"text":59996},{"id":60060,"depth":115,"text":60061},{"id":60141,"depth":93,"text":60142},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":61052},[61053,61054,61056,61058,61059,61060],{"id":60278,"depth":115,"text":60279},{"id":60337,"depth":115,"text":61055},"Using () instead of []",{"id":60457,"depth":115,"text":61057},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60674,"depth":115,"text":60675},{"id":60759,"depth":115,"text":60760},{"id":60785,"depth":115,"text":60786},{"id":60870,"depth":93,"text":60871},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":61063},[61064,61065,61066,61068,61069],{"id":60911,"depth":115,"text":60912},{"id":60926,"depth":115,"text":60927},{"id":60953,"depth":115,"text":61067},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60965,"depth":115,"text":60966},{"id":60972,"depth":115,"text":61070},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":59113,"description":61072},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":61079,"title":61080,"body":61081,"description":62822,"extension":2083,"meta":62823,"navigation":296,"path":62824,"seo":62825,"stem":62826,"__hash__":62827},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":61082,"toc":62777},[61083,61088,61093,61096,61098,61169,61174,61179,61183,61197,61202,61204,61224,61229,61232,61255,61259,61264,61356,61358,61380,61386,61392,61399,61406,61412,61469,61475,61533,61535,61547,61555,61561,61566,61570,61627,61630,61634,61693,61696,61700,61758,61770,61774,61827,61830,61834,61840,61846,61908,61911,61972,61975,62031,62036,62038,62042,62049,62110,62115,62124,62180,62187,62191,62249,62258,62316,62320,62355,62359,62369,62372,62427,62441,62444,62559,62564,62568,62579,62581,62660,62670,62672,62677,62682,62689,62697,62703,62706,62712,62715,62721,62727,62729,62765,62774],[10,61084,54422,61086,11411],{"id":61085},"python-list-extend-method",[15,61087,53527],{},[20,61089,61090,61092],{},[15,61091,53428],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,61094,61095],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[38,61097,41],{"id":40},[43,61099,61101],{"className":45,"code":61100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61102,61103,61119,61136,61140,61155,61165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61104,61105,61107,61109,61111,61113,61115,61117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61106,59],{"class":58},[52,61108,63],{"class":62},[52,61110,67],{"class":66},[52,61112,71],{"class":70},[52,61114,74],{"class":66},[52,61116,77],{"class":70},[52,61118,90],{"class":66},[52,61120,61121,61124,61126,61128,61130,61132,61134],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61122,61123],{"class":58},"more_numbers ",[52,61125,63],{"class":62},[52,61127,67],{"class":66},[52,61129,445],{"class":70},[52,61131,74],{"class":66},[52,61133,87],{"class":70},[52,61135,90],{"class":66},[52,61137,61138],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61139,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61141,61142,61144,61146,61148,61150,61153],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61143,109],{"class":58},[52,61145,242],{"class":66},[52,61147,53557],{"class":108},[52,61149,105],{"class":66},[52,61151,61152],{"class":108},"more_numbers",[52,61154,112],{"class":66},[52,61156,61157,61159,61161,61163],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61158,118],{"class":101},[52,61160,105],{"class":66},[52,61162,109],{"class":108},[52,61164,112],{"class":66},[52,61166,61167],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,61168,52805],{"class":129},[20,61170,133,61171,61173],{},[15,61172,53527],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[38,61175,140,61177,143],{"id":61176},"what-listextend-does",[15,61178,53428],{},[20,61180,61181,1772],{},[15,61182,53527],{},[153,61184,61185,61188,61190,61193],{},[156,61186,61187],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[156,61189,54508],{},[156,61191,61192],{},"Does not create a new list",[156,61194,11513,61195],{},[15,61196,3878],{},[20,61198,61199,61200,53882],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,61201,53527],{},[38,61203,181],{"id":180},[43,61205,61207],{"className":45,"code":61206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,61208,61209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61210,61211,61214,61216,61218,61220,61222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61212,61213],{"class":58},"list_name",[52,61215,242],{"class":66},[52,61217,53557],{"class":108},[52,61219,105],{"class":66},[52,61221,196],{"class":108},[52,61223,112],{"class":66},[20,61225,5541,61226,61228],{},[3842,61227,196],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,61230,61231],{},"Common iterables include:",[153,61233,61234,61238,61242,61246,61251],{},[156,61235,61236],{},[15,61237,8179],{},[156,61239,61240],{},[15,61241,49036],{},[156,61243,61244],{},[15,61245,6372],{},[156,61247,61248],{},[15,61249,61250],{},"string",[156,61252,61253],{},[15,61254,28],{},[38,61256,61258],{"id":61257},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,61260,61261,61262,1772],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,61263,53527],{},[43,61265,61267],{"className":45,"code":61266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,61268,61269,61293,61318,61322,61337,61341,61351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61270,61271,61273,61275,61277,61279,61281,61283,61285,61287,61289,61291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61272,36333],{"class":58},[52,61274,63],{"class":62},[52,61276,67],{"class":66},[52,61278,757],{"class":756},[52,61280,4171],{"class":760},[52,61282,757],{"class":756},[52,61284,74],{"class":66},[52,61286,768],{"class":756},[52,61288,4180],{"class":760},[52,61290,757],{"class":756},[52,61292,90],{"class":66},[52,61294,61295,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308,61310,61312,61314,61316],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61296,61297],{"class":58},"more_fruits ",[52,61299,63],{"class":62},[52,61301,67],{"class":66},[52,61303,757],{"class":756},[52,61305,33317],{"class":760},[52,61307,757],{"class":756},[52,61309,74],{"class":66},[52,61311,768],{"class":756},[52,61313,22628],{"class":760},[52,61315,757],{"class":756},[52,61317,90],{"class":66},[52,61319,61320],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61321,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61323,61324,61326,61328,61330,61332,61335],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61325,36385],{"class":58},[52,61327,242],{"class":66},[52,61329,53557],{"class":108},[52,61331,105],{"class":66},[52,61333,61334],{"class":108},"more_fruits",[52,61336,112],{"class":66},[52,61338,61339],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61340,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61342,61343,61345,61347,61349],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,61344,118],{"class":101},[52,61346,105],{"class":66},[52,61348,36385],{"class":108},[52,61350,112],{"class":66},[52,61352,61353],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,61354,61355],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,61357,323],{},[153,61359,61360,61365,61370],{},[156,61361,61362,61364],{},[15,61363,36385],{}," starts with two items",[156,61366,61367,61369],{},[15,61368,61334],{}," has two more items",[156,61371,61372,61374,61375,61377,61378],{},[15,61373,53527],{}," adds each item from ",[15,61376,61334],{}," to ",[15,61379,36385],{},[20,61381,61382,61383,61385],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,61384,36385],{}," contains all four items.",[20,61387,54647,61388,652,61390,242],{},[236,61389,52853],{"href":51063},[236,61391,57234],{"href":57233},[38,61393,61395,10672,61397],{"id":61394},"extend-vs-append",[15,61396,53527],{},[15,61398,52734],{},[20,61400,61401,652,61403,61405],{},[15,61402,53527],{},[15,61404,52734],{}," are often confused.",[461,61407,61409,61411],{"id":61408},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,61410,53527],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[43,61413,61415],{"className":45,"code":61414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61416,61417,61433,61451,61455,61465],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61418,61419,61421,61423,61425,61427,61429,61431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61420,59],{"class":58},[52,61422,63],{"class":62},[52,61424,67],{"class":66},[52,61426,71],{"class":70},[52,61428,74],{"class":66},[52,61430,77],{"class":70},[52,61432,90],{"class":66},[52,61434,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445,61447,61449],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61436,109],{"class":58},[52,61438,242],{"class":66},[52,61440,53557],{"class":108},[52,61442,1058],{"class":66},[52,61444,445],{"class":70},[52,61446,74],{"class":66},[52,61448,87],{"class":70},[52,61450,1858],{"class":66},[52,61452,61453],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61454,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61456,61457,61459,61461,61463],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61458,118],{"class":101},[52,61460,105],{"class":66},[52,61462,109],{"class":108},[52,61464,112],{"class":66},[52,61466,61467],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61468,52805],{"class":129},[461,61470,61472,61474],{"id":61471},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,61473,52734],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[43,61476,61478],{"className":45,"code":61477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,61479,61480,61496,61514,61518,61528],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61481,61482,61484,61486,61488,61490,61492,61494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61483,59],{"class":58},[52,61485,63],{"class":62},[52,61487,67],{"class":66},[52,61489,71],{"class":70},[52,61491,74],{"class":66},[52,61493,77],{"class":70},[52,61495,90],{"class":66},[52,61497,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508,61510,61512],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61499,109],{"class":58},[52,61501,242],{"class":66},[52,61503,13643],{"class":108},[52,61505,1058],{"class":66},[52,61507,445],{"class":70},[52,61509,74],{"class":66},[52,61511,87],{"class":70},[52,61513,1858],{"class":66},[52,61515,61516],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61517,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61519,61520,61522,61524,61526],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61521,118],{"class":101},[52,61523,105],{"class":66},[52,61525,109],{"class":108},[52,61527,112],{"class":66},[52,61529,61530],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61531,61532],{"class":129},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61534,18788],{},[153,61536,61537,61542],{},[156,61538,61539,61541],{},[15,61540,53527],{}," to combine values",[156,61543,61544,61546],{},[15,61545,52734],{}," to add one item",[20,61548,42179,61549,652,61553,242],{},[236,61550,55600,61551,10828],{"href":56848},[15,61552,52734],{},[236,61554,53131],{"href":53130},[38,61556,1372,61558,61560],{"id":61557},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61559,53527],{}," with different iterables",[20,61562,61563,61565],{},[15,61564,53527],{}," works with more than just lists.",[461,61567,61569],{"id":61568},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[43,61571,61573],{"className":45,"code":61572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61574,61575,61591,61609,61613,61623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61576,61577,61579,61581,61583,61585,61587,61589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61578,474],{"class":58},[52,61580,63],{"class":62},[52,61582,67],{"class":66},[52,61584,71],{"class":70},[52,61586,74],{"class":66},[52,61588,77],{"class":70},[52,61590,90],{"class":66},[52,61592,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605,61607],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61594,507],{"class":58},[52,61596,242],{"class":66},[52,61598,53557],{"class":108},[52,61600,5599],{"class":66},[52,61602,445],{"class":70},[52,61604,74],{"class":66},[52,61606,87],{"class":70},[52,61608,510],{"class":66},[52,61610,61611],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61612,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61614,61615,61617,61619,61621],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61616,118],{"class":101},[52,61618,105],{"class":66},[52,61620,507],{"class":108},[52,61622,112],{"class":66},[52,61624,61625],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61626,52805],{"class":129},[20,61628,61629],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[461,61631,61633],{"id":61632},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[43,61635,61637],{"className":45,"code":61636,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61638,61639,61655,61674,61678,61688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61640,61641,61643,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61642,1387],{"class":58},[52,61644,63],{"class":62},[52,61646,67],{"class":66},[52,61648,757],{"class":756},[52,61650,236],{"class":760},[52,61652,757],{"class":756},[52,61654,90],{"class":66},[52,61656,61657,61659,61661,61663,61665,61667,61670,61672],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61658,1458],{"class":58},[52,61660,242],{"class":66},[52,61662,53557],{"class":108},[52,61664,105],{"class":66},[52,61666,757],{"class":756},[52,61668,61669],{"class":760},"bc",[52,61671,757],{"class":756},[52,61673,112],{"class":66},[52,61675,61676],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61677,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61679,61680,61682,61684,61686],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61681,118],{"class":101},[52,61683,105],{"class":66},[52,61685,1458],{"class":108},[52,61687,112],{"class":66},[52,61689,61690],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61691,61692],{"class":129},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61694,61695],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[461,61697,61699],{"id":61698},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[43,61701,61703],{"className":45,"code":61702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61704,61705,61717,61739,61743,61753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61706,61707,61709,61711,61713,61715],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61708,59],{"class":58},[52,61710,63],{"class":62},[52,61712,67],{"class":66},[52,61714,207],{"class":70},[52,61716,90],{"class":66},[52,61718,61719,61721,61723,61725,61727,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61720,109],{"class":58},[52,61722,242],{"class":66},[52,61724,53557],{"class":108},[52,61726,105],{"class":66},[52,61728,28],{"class":101},[52,61730,105],{"class":66},[52,61732,71],{"class":70},[52,61734,74],{"class":66},[52,61736,87],{"class":70},[52,61738,510],{"class":66},[52,61740,61741],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61742,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61744,61745,61747,61749,61751],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61746,118],{"class":101},[52,61748,105],{"class":66},[52,61750,109],{"class":108},[52,61752,112],{"class":66},[52,61754,61755],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61756,61757],{"class":129},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61759,61760,61763,61764,2305,61766,17165,61768,242],{},[15,61761,61762],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61765,71],{},[15,61767,440],{},[15,61769,445],{},[461,61771,61773],{"id":61772},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[43,61775,61777],{"className":45,"code":61776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61778,61779,61795,61813,61817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61780,61781,61783,61785,61787,61789,61791,61793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61782,7863],{"class":58},[52,61784,63],{"class":62},[52,61786,67],{"class":66},[52,61788,71],{"class":70},[52,61790,74],{"class":66},[52,61792,77],{"class":70},[52,61794,90],{"class":66},[52,61796,61797,61799,61801,61803,61805,61807,61809,61811],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61798,7894],{"class":58},[52,61800,242],{"class":66},[52,61802,53557],{"class":108},[52,61804,5618],{"class":66},[52,61806,445],{"class":70},[52,61808,74],{"class":66},[52,61810,87],{"class":70},[52,61812,30591],{"class":66},[52,61814,61815],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61816,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61818,61819,61821,61823,61825],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61820,118],{"class":101},[52,61822,105],{"class":66},[52,61824,7894],{"class":108},[52,61826,112],{"class":66},[20,61828,61829],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[38,61831,61833],{"id":61832},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61835,61836,2514,61838,242],{},[15,61837,53527],{},[15,61839,3878],{},[20,61841,61842,61843,1772],{},"That means this is ",[3842,61844,61845],{},"wrong",[43,61847,61849],{"className":45,"code":61848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61850,61851,61867,61889,61893,61903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61852,61853,61855,61857,61859,61861,61863,61865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61854,59],{"class":58},[52,61856,63],{"class":62},[52,61858,67],{"class":66},[52,61860,71],{"class":70},[52,61862,74],{"class":66},[52,61864,77],{"class":70},[52,61866,90],{"class":66},[52,61868,61869,61871,61873,61875,61877,61879,61881,61883,61885,61887],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61870,2347],{"class":58},[52,61872,63],{"class":62},[52,61874,1686],{"class":58},[52,61876,242],{"class":66},[52,61878,53557],{"class":108},[52,61880,1058],{"class":66},[52,61882,445],{"class":70},[52,61884,74],{"class":66},[52,61886,87],{"class":70},[52,61888,1858],{"class":66},[52,61890,61891],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61892,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61894,61895,61897,61899,61901],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61896,118],{"class":101},[52,61898,105],{"class":66},[52,61900,2382],{"class":108},[52,61902,112],{"class":66},[52,61904,61905],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61906,61907],{"class":129},"# None\n",[20,61909,61910],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[43,61912,61914],{"className":45,"code":61913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61915,61916,61932,61954,61958,61968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61917,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926,61928,61930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61919,59],{"class":58},[52,61921,63],{"class":62},[52,61923,67],{"class":66},[52,61925,71],{"class":70},[52,61927,74],{"class":66},[52,61929,77],{"class":70},[52,61931,90],{"class":66},[52,61933,61934,61936,61938,61940,61942,61944,61946,61948,61950,61952],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61935,59],{"class":58},[52,61937,63],{"class":62},[52,61939,1686],{"class":58},[52,61941,242],{"class":66},[52,61943,53557],{"class":108},[52,61945,1058],{"class":66},[52,61947,445],{"class":70},[52,61949,74],{"class":66},[52,61951,87],{"class":70},[52,61953,1858],{"class":66},[52,61955,61956],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,61957,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,61959,61960,61962,61964,61966],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,61961,118],{"class":101},[52,61963,105],{"class":66},[52,61965,109],{"class":108},[52,61967,112],{"class":66},[52,61969,61970],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,61971,61907],{"class":129},[20,61973,61974],{},"The correct way is:",[43,61976,61977],{"className":45,"code":61414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,61978,61979,61995,62013,62017,62027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,61980,61981,61983,61985,61987,61989,61991,61993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,61982,59],{"class":58},[52,61984,63],{"class":62},[52,61986,67],{"class":66},[52,61988,71],{"class":70},[52,61990,74],{"class":66},[52,61992,77],{"class":70},[52,61994,90],{"class":66},[52,61996,61997,61999,62001,62003,62005,62007,62009,62011],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,61998,109],{"class":58},[52,62000,242],{"class":66},[52,62002,53557],{"class":108},[52,62004,1058],{"class":66},[52,62006,445],{"class":70},[52,62008,74],{"class":66},[52,62010,87],{"class":70},[52,62012,1858],{"class":66},[52,62014,62015],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62016,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62018,62019,62021,62023,62025],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62020,118],{"class":101},[52,62022,105],{"class":66},[52,62024,109],{"class":108},[52,62026,112],{"class":66},[52,62028,62029],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,62030,52805],{"class":129},[20,62032,55989,62033,62035],{},[15,62034,53527],{}," first, then use the original list.",[38,62037,4610],{"id":4609},[20,62039,14824,62040,242],{},[15,62041,53527],{},[461,62043,62045,62046,62048],{"id":62044},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,62047,53527],{}," to return a new list",[43,62050,62052],{"className":45,"code":62051,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,62053,62054,62070,62092,62096,62106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62055,62056,62058,62060,62062,62064,62066,62068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62057,59],{"class":58},[52,62059,63],{"class":62},[52,62061,67],{"class":66},[52,62063,71],{"class":70},[52,62065,74],{"class":66},[52,62067,77],{"class":70},[52,62069,90],{"class":66},[52,62071,62072,62074,62076,62078,62080,62082,62084,62086,62088,62090],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62073,55722],{"class":58},[52,62075,63],{"class":62},[52,62077,1686],{"class":58},[52,62079,242],{"class":66},[52,62081,53557],{"class":108},[52,62083,1058],{"class":66},[52,62085,445],{"class":70},[52,62087,74],{"class":66},[52,62089,87],{"class":70},[52,62091,1858],{"class":66},[52,62093,62094],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62095,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62097,62098,62100,62102,62104],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62099,118],{"class":101},[52,62101,105],{"class":66},[52,62103,55741],{"class":108},[52,62105,112],{"class":66},[52,62107,62108],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,62109,61907],{"class":129},[20,62111,62112,62113,242],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,62114,53527],{},[461,62116,62118,62119,44714,62121,62123],{"id":62117},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,62120,52734],{},[15,62122,53527],{}," is needed",[43,62125,62126],{"className":45,"code":61477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,62127,62128,62144,62162,62166,62176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62129,62130,62132,62134,62136,62138,62140,62142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62131,59],{"class":58},[52,62133,63],{"class":62},[52,62135,67],{"class":66},[52,62137,71],{"class":70},[52,62139,74],{"class":66},[52,62141,77],{"class":70},[52,62143,90],{"class":66},[52,62145,62146,62148,62150,62152,62154,62156,62158,62160],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62147,109],{"class":58},[52,62149,242],{"class":66},[52,62151,13643],{"class":108},[52,62153,1058],{"class":66},[52,62155,445],{"class":70},[52,62157,74],{"class":66},[52,62159,87],{"class":70},[52,62161,1858],{"class":66},[52,62163,62164],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62165,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62167,62168,62170,62172,62174],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62169,118],{"class":101},[52,62171,105],{"class":66},[52,62173,109],{"class":108},[52,62175,112],{"class":66},[52,62177,62178],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,62179,61532],{"class":129},[20,62181,62182,62183,53972,62185,6712],{},"If you wanted ",[15,62184,53971],{},[15,62186,53527],{},[461,62188,62190],{"id":62189},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[43,62192,62194],{"className":45,"code":62193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,62195,62196,62212,62230,62234,62244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62197,62198,62200,62202,62204,62206,62208,62210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62199,749],{"class":58},[52,62201,63],{"class":62},[52,62203,67],{"class":66},[52,62205,757],{"class":756},[52,62207,761],{"class":760},[52,62209,757],{"class":756},[52,62211,90],{"class":66},[52,62213,62214,62216,62218,62220,62222,62224,62226,62228],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62215,788],{"class":58},[52,62217,242],{"class":66},[52,62219,53557],{"class":108},[52,62221,105],{"class":66},[52,62223,757],{"class":756},[52,62225,771],{"class":760},[52,62227,757],{"class":756},[52,62229,112],{"class":66},[52,62231,62232],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62233,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62235,62236,62238,62240,62242],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62237,118],{"class":101},[52,62239,105],{"class":66},[52,62241,788],{"class":108},[52,62243,112],{"class":66},[52,62245,62246],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,62247,62248],{"class":129},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,62250,62251,62252,62255,62256,1772],{},"If you want ",[15,62253,62254],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,62257,52734],{},[43,62259,62261],{"className":45,"code":62260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,62262,62263,62279,62297,62301,62311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62264,62265,62267,62269,62271,62273,62275,62277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62266,749],{"class":58},[52,62268,63],{"class":62},[52,62270,67],{"class":66},[52,62272,757],{"class":756},[52,62274,761],{"class":760},[52,62276,757],{"class":756},[52,62278,90],{"class":66},[52,62280,62281,62283,62285,62287,62289,62291,62293,62295],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62282,788],{"class":58},[52,62284,242],{"class":66},[52,62286,13643],{"class":108},[52,62288,105],{"class":66},[52,62290,757],{"class":756},[52,62292,771],{"class":760},[52,62294,757],{"class":756},[52,62296,112],{"class":66},[52,62298,62299],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62300,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62302,62303,62305,62307,62309],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62304,118],{"class":101},[52,62306,105],{"class":66},[52,62308,788],{"class":108},[52,62310,112],{"class":66},[52,62312,62313],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,62314,62315],{"class":129},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[461,62317,62319],{"id":62318},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[43,62321,62323],{"className":45,"code":62322,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,62324,62325,62341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62326,62327,62329,62331,62333,62335,62337,62339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62328,59],{"class":58},[52,62330,63],{"class":62},[52,62332,67],{"class":66},[52,62334,71],{"class":70},[52,62336,74],{"class":66},[52,62338,77],{"class":70},[52,62340,90],{"class":66},[52,62342,62343,62345,62347,62349,62351,62353],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62344,109],{"class":58},[52,62346,242],{"class":66},[52,62348,53557],{"class":108},[52,62350,105],{"class":66},[52,62352,265],{"class":70},[52,62354,112],{"class":66},[20,62356,39746,62357,6633],{},[15,62358,265],{},[20,62360,62361,62362,62364,62365,62368],{},"You will get a ",[15,62363,1979],{},". See ",[236,62366,62367],{"href":52681},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,62370,62371],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[43,62373,62375],{"className":45,"code":62374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62376,62377,62387,62401,62413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62378,62379,62381,62383,62385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62380,118],{"class":101},[52,62382,105],{"class":66},[52,62384,8425],{"class":108},[52,62386,112],{"class":66},[52,62388,62389,62391,62393,62395,62397,62399],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62390,118],{"class":101},[52,62392,105],{"class":66},[52,62394,1827],{"class":1184},[52,62396,105],{"class":66},[52,62398,507],{"class":108},[52,62400,510],{"class":66},[52,62402,62403,62405,62407,62409,62411],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62404,118],{"class":101},[52,62406,105],{"class":66},[52,62408,2382],{"class":108},[52,62410,126],{"class":66},[52,62412,112],{"class":58},[52,62414,62415,62417,62419,62421,62423,62425],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62416,32248],{"class":101},[52,62418,105],{"class":66},[52,62420,8179],{"class":1184},[52,62422,242],{"class":66},[52,62424,53557],{"class":24845},[52,62426,112],{"class":66},[43664,62428,62429],{},[20,62430,62431,62432,62435,62436,62438,62439,242],{},"Note: ",[15,62433,62434],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,62437,126],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,62440,33123],{},[20,62442,62443],{},"Correct debugging example:",[43,62445,62447],{"className":45,"code":62446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,62448,62449,62465,62481,62485,62499,62503,62511,62521,62535,62545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62450,62451,62453,62455,62457,62459,62461,62463],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62452,8394],{"class":58},[52,62454,63],{"class":62},[52,62456,67],{"class":66},[52,62458,71],{"class":70},[52,62460,74],{"class":66},[52,62462,77],{"class":70},[52,62464,90],{"class":66},[52,62466,62467,62469,62471,62473,62475,62477,62479],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62468,474],{"class":58},[52,62470,63],{"class":62},[52,62472,67],{"class":66},[52,62474,445],{"class":70},[52,62476,74],{"class":66},[52,62478,87],{"class":70},[52,62480,90],{"class":66},[52,62482,62483],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62484,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62486,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62488,8425],{"class":58},[52,62490,242],{"class":66},[52,62492,53557],{"class":108},[52,62494,105],{"class":66},[52,62496,507],{"class":108},[52,62498,112],{"class":66},[52,62500,62501],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,62502,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62504,62505,62507,62509],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,62506,2347],{"class":58},[52,62508,63],{"class":62},[52,62510,48610],{"class":674},[52,62512,62513,62515,62517,62519],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,62514,118],{"class":101},[52,62516,105],{"class":66},[52,62518,8425],{"class":108},[52,62520,112],{"class":66},[52,62522,62523,62525,62527,62529,62531,62533],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,62524,118],{"class":101},[52,62526,105],{"class":66},[52,62528,1827],{"class":1184},[52,62530,105],{"class":66},[52,62532,507],{"class":108},[52,62534,510],{"class":66},[52,62536,62537,62539,62541,62543],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,62538,118],{"class":101},[52,62540,105],{"class":66},[52,62542,2382],{"class":108},[52,62544,112],{"class":66},[52,62546,62547,62549,62551,62553,62555,62557],{"class":54,"line":6520},[52,62548,32248],{"class":101},[52,62550,105],{"class":66},[52,62552,8179],{"class":1184},[52,62554,242],{"class":66},[52,62556,53557],{"class":24845},[52,62558,112],{"class":66},[38,62560,5054,62562],{"id":62561},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62563,53527],{},[20,62565,133,62566,6403],{},[15,62567,53527],{},[153,62569,62570,62573,62576],{},[156,62571,62572],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[156,62574,62575],{},"Add multiple values at once",[156,62577,62578],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62580,932],{},[43,62582,62584],{"className":45,"code":62583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62585,62586,62603,62621,62625,62641,62645,62655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62587,62588,62591,62593,62595,62597,62599,62601],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62589,62590],{"class":58},"all_scores ",[52,62592,63],{"class":62},[52,62594,67],{"class":66},[52,62596,13592],{"class":70},[52,62598,74],{"class":66},[52,62600,13597],{"class":70},[52,62602,90],{"class":66},[52,62604,62605,62608,62610,62612,62614,62616,62619],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62606,62607],{"class":58},"new_scores ",[52,62609,63],{"class":62},[52,62611,67],{"class":66},[52,62613,51589],{"class":70},[52,62615,74],{"class":66},[52,62617,62618],{"class":70}," 92",[52,62620,90],{"class":66},[52,62622,62623],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62624,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62626,62627,62630,62632,62634,62636,62639],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62628,62629],{"class":58},"all_scores",[52,62631,242],{"class":66},[52,62633,53557],{"class":108},[52,62635,105],{"class":66},[52,62637,62638],{"class":108},"new_scores",[52,62640,112],{"class":66},[52,62642,62643],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,62644,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62646,62647,62649,62651,62653],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,62648,118],{"class":101},[52,62650,105],{"class":66},[52,62652,62629],{"class":108},[52,62654,112],{"class":66},[52,62656,62657],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,62658,62659],{"class":129},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62661,62662,62663,62665,62666,242],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62664,52734],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[236,62667,55600,62668,10828],{"href":53989},[15,62669,54348],{},[38,62671,1919],{"id":1918},[461,62673,12792,62675,55549],{"id":62674},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62676,53428],{},[20,62678,62679,62680,242],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62681,3878],{},[461,62683,5270,62685,652,62687,1963],{"id":62684},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62686,53527],{},[15,62688,52734],{},[20,62690,62691,62693,62694,62696],{},[15,62692,53527],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62695,52734],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[461,62698,28423,62700,62702],{"id":62699},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62701,53527],{}," with a string?",[20,62704,62705],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[461,62707,28423,62709,62711],{"id":62708},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62710,53527],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62713,62714],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[461,62716,62718,62719,1963],{"id":62717},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62720,53527],{},[20,62722,62723,62724,62726],{},"You get a ",[15,62725,1979],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[38,62728,1986],{"id":1985},[153,62730,62731,62737,62741,62745,62749,62755,62759],{},[156,62732,62733],{},[236,62734,55600,62735,10828],{"href":56848},[15,62736,52734],{},[156,62738,62739],{},[236,62740,54358],{"href":53130},[156,62742,62743],{},[236,62744,57308],{"href":57233},[156,62746,62747],{},[236,62748,52853],{"href":51063},[156,62750,62751],{},[236,62752,55600,62753,10828],{"href":53989},[15,62754,54348],{},[156,62756,62757],{},[236,62758,62367],{"href":52681},[156,62760,62761],{},[236,62762,55600,62763,10828],{"href":55040},[15,62764,12865],{},[20,62766,62767,62768,62770,62771,62773],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62769,52734],{},", when to use ",[15,62772,54348],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[2029,62775,62776],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":62778},[62779,62780,62782,62783,62784,62791,62798,62799,62807,62809,62821],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":61176,"depth":93,"text":62781},"What list.extend() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":61257,"depth":93,"text":61258},{"id":61394,"depth":93,"text":62785,"children":62786},"extend() vs append()",[62787,62789],{"id":61408,"depth":115,"text":62788},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":61471,"depth":115,"text":62790},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61557,"depth":93,"text":62792,"children":62793},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62794,62795,62796,62797],{"id":61568,"depth":115,"text":61569},{"id":61632,"depth":115,"text":61633},{"id":61698,"depth":115,"text":61699},{"id":61772,"depth":115,"text":61773},{"id":61832,"depth":93,"text":61833},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":62800},[62801,62803,62805,62806],{"id":62044,"depth":115,"text":62802},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":62117,"depth":115,"text":62804},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":62189,"depth":115,"text":62190},{"id":62318,"depth":115,"text":62319},{"id":62561,"depth":93,"text":62808},"When to use extend()",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":62810},[62811,62813,62815,62817,62819],{"id":62674,"depth":115,"text":62812},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62684,"depth":115,"text":62814},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62699,"depth":115,"text":62816},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62708,"depth":115,"text":62818},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62717,"depth":115,"text":62820},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":61080,"description":62822},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62829,"title":62830,"body":62831,"description":64921,"extension":2083,"meta":64922,"navigation":296,"path":64923,"seo":64924,"stem":64925,"__hash__":64926},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62832,"toc":64884},[62833,62836,62841,62847,62858,62864,62866,62935,62937,62986,62994,62998,63003,63006,63017,63022,63024,63026,63047,63060,63063,63076,63078,63083,63108,63110,63118,63121,63190,63192,63216,63222,63226,63230,63266,63268,63288,63295,63299,63332,63334,63367,63372,63376,63409,63411,63439,63447,63451,63488,63490,63511,63514,63518,63587,63589,63613,63619,63626,63630,63633,63635,63649,63652,63676,63678,63703,63706,63725,63727,63753,63762,63766,63773,63850,63852,63893,63899,63905,63996,63998,64054,64057,64062,64066,64071,64075,64134,64136,64161,64165,64228,64230,64255,64259,64322,64324,64367,64370,64374,64378,64400,64404,64486,64488,64523,64531,64533,64537,64541,64543,64570,64575,64577,64604,64611,64614,64637,64639,64688,64691,64694,64713,64717,64720,64771,64774,64780,64784,64789,64792,64794,64800,64809,64813,64819,64823,64826,64830,64833,64837,64843,64845,64881],[10,62834,62830],{"id":62835},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62837,22,62838,62840],{},[15,62839,24875],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62842,62843,62844,62846],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62845,24875],{}," for two main reasons:",[153,62848,62849,62852],{},[156,62850,62851],{},"to make an empty list",[156,62853,62854,62855,62857],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62856,28],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62859,62860,62861,62863],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62862,24875],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[38,62865,41],{"id":40},[43,62867,62869],{"className":45,"code":62868,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62870,62871,62893,62911,62915,62925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62872,62873,62875,62877,62879,62881,62883,62885,62887,62889,62891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62874,59],{"class":58},[52,62876,63],{"class":62},[52,62878,22655],{"class":1184},[52,62880,5599],{"class":66},[52,62882,71],{"class":70},[52,62884,74],{"class":66},[52,62886,77],{"class":70},[52,62888,74],{"class":66},[52,62890,82],{"class":70},[52,62892,510],{"class":66},[52,62894,62895,62897,62899,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62896,1387],{"class":58},[52,62898,63],{"class":62},[52,62900,22655],{"class":1184},[52,62902,105],{"class":66},[52,62904,757],{"class":756},[52,62906,41646],{"class":760},[52,62908,757],{"class":756},[52,62910,112],{"class":66},[52,62912,62913],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,62914,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,62916,62917,62919,62921,62923],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,62918,118],{"class":101},[52,62920,105],{"class":66},[52,62922,109],{"class":108},[52,62924,112],{"class":66},[52,62926,62927,62929,62931,62933],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,62928,118],{"class":101},[52,62930,105],{"class":66},[52,62932,1458],{"class":108},[52,62934,112],{"class":66},[20,62936,311],{},[43,62938,62940],{"className":45,"code":62939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62941,62942,62958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,62943,62944,62946,62948,62950,62952,62954,62956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,62945,3994],{"class":66},[52,62947,71],{"class":70},[52,62949,74],{"class":66},[52,62951,77],{"class":70},[52,62953,74],{"class":66},[52,62955,82],{"class":70},[52,62957,90],{"class":66},[52,62959,62960,62962,62964,62966,62968,62970,62972,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982,62984],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,62961,3994],{"class":66},[52,62963,3406],{"class":756},[52,62965,236],{"class":760},[52,62967,3406],{"class":756},[52,62969,74],{"class":66},[52,62971,3401],{"class":756},[52,62973,4853],{"class":760},[52,62975,3406],{"class":756},[52,62977,74],{"class":66},[52,62979,3401],{"class":756},[52,62981,9825],{"class":760},[52,62983,3406],{"class":756},[52,62985,90],{"class":66},[20,62987,133,62988,62990,62991,62993],{},[15,62989,24875],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62992,28],{},", set, or dictionary.",[38,62995,62997],{"id":62996},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62999,63000,63002],{},[15,63001,24875],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,63004,63005],{},"It can:",[153,63007,63008,63011,63014],{},[156,63009,63010],{},"create a new list object",[156,63012,63013],{},"make an empty list",[156,63015,63016],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,63018,63019,63020,242],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[236,63021,52853],{"href":51063},[38,63023,181],{"id":180},[20,63025,26582],{},[43,63027,63029],{"className":45,"code":63028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,63030,63031,63037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63032,63033,63035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63034,8179],{"class":1184},[52,63036,8729],{"class":66},[52,63038,63039,63041,63043,63045],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63040,8179],{"class":1184},[52,63042,105],{"class":66},[52,63044,196],{"class":108},[52,63046,112],{"class":66},[153,63048,63049,63054],{},[156,63050,63051,63053],{},[15,63052,24875],{}," makes an empty list",[156,63055,63056,63059],{},[15,63057,63058],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,63061,63062],{},"Common iterable values include:",[153,63064,63065,63067,63069,63071,63074],{},[156,63066,5398],{},[156,63068,5392],{},[156,63070,5395],{},[156,63072,63073],{},"ranges",[156,63075,7333],{},[38,63077,59701],{"id":59700},[20,63079,133,63080,63082],{},[15,63081,24875],{}," with no arguments:",[43,63084,63086],{"className":45,"code":63085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,63087,63088,63098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63089,63090,63092,63094,63096],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63091,7863],{"class":58},[52,63093,63],{"class":62},[52,63095,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63097,8729],{"class":66},[52,63099,63100,63102,63104,63106],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63101,118],{"class":101},[52,63103,105],{"class":66},[52,63105,7894],{"class":108},[52,63107,112],{"class":66},[20,63109,311],{},[43,63111,63112],{"className":45,"code":38390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63113,63114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63115,63116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63117,38390],{"class":66},[20,63119,63120],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[43,63122,63124],{"className":45,"code":63123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,63125,63126,63136,63140,63158,63176,63180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63127,63128,63130,63132,63134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63129,7863],{"class":58},[52,63131,63],{"class":62},[52,63133,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63135,8729],{"class":66},[52,63137,63138],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63139,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,63141,63142,63144,63146,63148,63150,63152,63154,63156],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63143,7894],{"class":58},[52,63145,242],{"class":66},[52,63147,13643],{"class":108},[52,63149,105],{"class":66},[52,63151,757],{"class":756},[52,63153,4171],{"class":760},[52,63155,757],{"class":756},[52,63157,112],{"class":66},[52,63159,63160,63162,63164,63166,63168,63170,63172,63174],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,63161,7894],{"class":58},[52,63163,242],{"class":66},[52,63165,13643],{"class":108},[52,63167,105],{"class":66},[52,63169,757],{"class":756},[52,63171,4180],{"class":760},[52,63173,757],{"class":756},[52,63175,112],{"class":66},[52,63177,63178],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,63179,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,63181,63182,63184,63186,63188],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,63183,118],{"class":101},[52,63185,105],{"class":66},[52,63187,7894],{"class":108},[52,63189,112],{"class":66},[20,63191,311],{},[43,63193,63194],{"className":45,"code":38516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63195,63196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63197,63198,63200,63202,63204,63206,63208,63210,63212,63214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63199,3994],{"class":66},[52,63201,3406],{"class":756},[52,63203,4171],{"class":760},[52,63205,3406],{"class":756},[52,63207,74],{"class":66},[52,63209,3401],{"class":756},[52,63211,4180],{"class":760},[52,63213,3406],{"class":756},[52,63215,90],{"class":66},[20,63217,63218,63219,63221],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,63220,3887],{},". Both are valid.",[38,63223,63225],{"id":63224},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[461,63227,63229],{"id":63228},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[43,63231,63232],{"className":45,"code":59999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63233,63234,63256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63235,63236,63238,63240,63242,63244,63246,63248,63250,63252,63254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63237,59],{"class":58},[52,63239,63],{"class":62},[52,63241,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63243,5599],{"class":66},[52,63245,71],{"class":70},[52,63247,74],{"class":66},[52,63249,77],{"class":70},[52,63251,74],{"class":66},[52,63253,82],{"class":70},[52,63255,510],{"class":66},[52,63257,63258,63260,63262,63264],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63259,118],{"class":101},[52,63261,105],{"class":66},[52,63263,109],{"class":108},[52,63265,112],{"class":66},[20,63267,311],{},[43,63269,63270],{"className":45,"code":55230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63271,63272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63273,63274,63276,63278,63280,63282,63284,63286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63275,3994],{"class":66},[52,63277,71],{"class":70},[52,63279,74],{"class":66},[52,63281,77],{"class":70},[52,63283,74],{"class":66},[52,63285,82],{"class":70},[52,63287,90],{"class":66},[20,63289,63290,63291,242],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[236,63292,63294],{"href":63293},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[461,63296,63298],{"id":63297},"string-to-list","String to list",[43,63300,63302],{"className":45,"code":63301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,63303,63304,63322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63305,63306,63308,63310,63312,63314,63316,63318,63320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63307,1387],{"class":58},[52,63309,63],{"class":62},[52,63311,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63313,105],{"class":66},[52,63315,757],{"class":756},[52,63317,37141],{"class":760},[52,63319,757],{"class":756},[52,63321,112],{"class":66},[52,63323,63324,63326,63328,63330],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63325,118],{"class":101},[52,63327,105],{"class":66},[52,63329,1458],{"class":108},[52,63331,112],{"class":66},[20,63333,311],{},[43,63335,63337],{"className":45,"code":63336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,63338,63339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63340,63341,63343,63345,63347,63349,63351,63353,63355,63357,63359,63361,63363,63365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63342,3994],{"class":66},[52,63344,3406],{"class":756},[52,63346,9825],{"class":760},[52,63348,3406],{"class":756},[52,63350,74],{"class":66},[52,63352,3401],{"class":756},[52,63354,236],{"class":760},[52,63356,3406],{"class":756},[52,63358,74],{"class":66},[52,63360,3401],{"class":756},[52,63362,1414],{"class":760},[52,63364,3406],{"class":756},[52,63366,90],{"class":66},[20,63368,63369,63371],{},[15,63370,24875],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[461,63373,63375],{"id":63374},"range-to-list","Range to list",[43,63377,63379],{"className":45,"code":63378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,63380,63381,63399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63382,63383,63385,63387,63389,63391,63393,63395,63397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63384,59],{"class":58},[52,63386,63],{"class":62},[52,63388,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63390,105],{"class":66},[52,63392,28],{"class":101},[52,63394,105],{"class":66},[52,63396,265],{"class":70},[52,63398,510],{"class":66},[52,63400,63401,63403,63405,63407],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63402,118],{"class":101},[52,63404,105],{"class":66},[52,63406,109],{"class":108},[52,63408,112],{"class":66},[20,63410,311],{},[43,63412,63413],{"className":45,"code":60101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63414,63415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63416,63417,63419,63421,63423,63425,63427,63429,63431,63433,63435,63437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63418,3994],{"class":66},[52,63420,207],{"class":70},[52,63422,74],{"class":66},[52,63424,5586],{"class":70},[52,63426,74],{"class":66},[52,63428,77],{"class":70},[52,63430,74],{"class":66},[52,63432,82],{"class":70},[52,63434,74],{"class":66},[52,63436,87],{"class":70},[52,63438,90],{"class":66},[20,63440,63441,63442,63446],{},"This is common when working with ",[236,63443,63444],{"href":238},[15,63445,167],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[461,63448,63450],{"id":63449},"set-to-list","Set to list",[43,63452,63454],{"className":45,"code":63453,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,63455,63456,63478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63457,63458,63460,63462,63464,63466,63468,63470,63472,63474,63476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63459,474],{"class":58},[52,63461,63],{"class":62},[52,63463,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63465,5618],{"class":66},[52,63467,430],{"class":70},[52,63469,74],{"class":66},[52,63471,7874],{"class":70},[52,63473,74],{"class":66},[52,63475,7879],{"class":70},[52,63477,30591],{"class":66},[52,63479,63480,63482,63484,63486],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63481,118],{"class":101},[52,63483,105],{"class":66},[52,63485,507],{"class":108},[52,63487,112],{"class":66},[20,63489,17051],{},[43,63491,63493],{"className":45,"code":63492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63494,63495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63496,63497,63499,63501,63503,63505,63507,63509],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63498,3994],{"class":66},[52,63500,430],{"class":70},[52,63502,74],{"class":66},[52,63504,7874],{"class":70},[52,63506,74],{"class":66},[52,63508,7879],{"class":70},[52,63510,90],{"class":66},[20,63512,63513],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[461,63515,63517],{"id":63516},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[43,63519,63521],{"className":45,"code":63520,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63522,63523,63559,63573,63577],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63524,63525,63527,63529,63531,63533,63535,63537,63539,63541,63543,63545,63547,63549,63551,63553,63555,63557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63526,13294],{"class":58},[52,63528,63],{"class":62},[52,63530,10577],{"class":66},[52,63532,757],{"class":756},[52,63534,7751],{"class":760},[52,63536,757],{"class":756},[52,63538,1772],{"class":66},[52,63540,768],{"class":756},[52,63542,12969],{"class":760},[52,63544,757],{"class":756},[52,63546,74],{"class":66},[52,63548,768],{"class":756},[52,63550,9384],{"class":760},[52,63552,757],{"class":756},[52,63554,1772],{"class":66},[52,63556,9391],{"class":70},[52,63558,9394],{"class":66},[52,63560,63561,63563,63565,63567,63569,63571],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63562,2347],{"class":58},[52,63564,63],{"class":62},[52,63566,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63568,105],{"class":66},[52,63570,17400],{"class":108},[52,63572,112],{"class":66},[52,63574,63575],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63576,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,63578,63579,63581,63583,63585],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,63580,118],{"class":101},[52,63582,105],{"class":66},[52,63584,2382],{"class":108},[52,63586,112],{"class":66},[20,63588,311],{},[43,63590,63591],{"className":45,"code":25575,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,63592,63593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63594,63595,63597,63599,63601,63603,63605,63607,63609,63611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63596,3994],{"class":66},[52,63598,3406],{"class":756},[52,63600,7751],{"class":760},[52,63602,3406],{"class":756},[52,63604,74],{"class":66},[52,63606,3401],{"class":756},[52,63608,9384],{"class":760},[52,63610,3406],{"class":756},[52,63612,90],{"class":66},[20,63614,63615,63616,63618],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63617,24875],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63620,63621,63622,242],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[236,63623,63625],{"href":63624},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[38,63627,63629],{"id":63628},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63631,63632],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63634,61231],{},[153,63636,63637,63639,63641,63643,63645,63647],{},[156,63638,918],{},[156,63640,5392],{},[156,63642,5398],{},[156,63644,5395],{},[156,63646,63073],{},[156,63648,7333],{},[20,63650,63651],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[43,63653,63655],{"className":45,"code":63654,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63656,63657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63658,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63672,63674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63660,118],{"class":101},[52,63662,105],{"class":66},[52,63664,8179],{"class":1184},[52,63666,105],{"class":66},[52,63668,757],{"class":756},[52,63670,63671],{"class":760},"hi",[52,63673,757],{"class":756},[52,63675,510],{"class":66},[20,63677,311],{},[43,63679,63681],{"className":45,"code":63680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63682,63683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63684,63685,63687,63689,63691,63693,63695,63697,63699,63701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63686,3994],{"class":66},[52,63688,3406],{"class":756},[52,63690,1423],{"class":760},[52,63692,3406],{"class":756},[52,63694,74],{"class":66},[52,63696,3401],{"class":756},[52,63698,36250],{"class":760},[52,63700,3406],{"class":756},[52,63702,90],{"class":66},[20,63704,63705],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[43,63707,63709],{"className":45,"code":63708,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63710,63711],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63712,63713,63715,63717,63719,63721,63723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63714,118],{"class":101},[52,63716,105],{"class":66},[52,63718,8179],{"class":1184},[52,63720,105],{"class":66},[52,63722,265],{"class":70},[52,63724,510],{"class":66},[20,63726,311],{},[43,63728,63730],{"className":45,"code":63729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63731,63732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63733,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742,63744,63746,63748,63750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63735,1979],{"class":1184},[52,63737,1772],{"class":66},[52,63739,3401],{"class":756},[52,63741,1185],{"class":760},[52,63743,3406],{"class":756},[52,63745,241],{"class":1184},[52,63747,8182],{"class":62},[52,63749,8185],{"class":62},[52,63751,63752],{"class":58}," iterable\n",[20,63754,63755,63756,63758,63759,242],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[236,63757,5230],{"href":5675},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[236,63760,63761],{"href":52681},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[38,63763,63765],{"id":63764},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63767,63768,63769,63772],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63770,63771],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[43,63774,63776],{"className":45,"code":63775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63777,63778,63798,63812,63816,63826,63836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63779,63780,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63781,12173],{"class":58},[52,63783,63],{"class":62},[52,63785,67],{"class":66},[52,63787,71],{"class":70},[52,63789,74],{"class":66},[52,63791,77],{"class":70},[52,63793,74],{"class":66},[52,63795,82],{"class":70},[52,63797,90],{"class":66},[52,63799,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63801,14402],{"class":58},[52,63803,63],{"class":62},[52,63805,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63807,105],{"class":66},[52,63809,12220],{"class":108},[52,63811,112],{"class":66},[52,63813,63814],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63815,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,63817,63818,63820,63822,63824],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,63819,118],{"class":101},[52,63821,105],{"class":66},[52,63823,12220],{"class":108},[52,63825,112],{"class":66},[52,63827,63828,63830,63832,63834],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,63829,118],{"class":101},[52,63831,105],{"class":66},[52,63833,14421],{"class":108},[52,63835,112],{"class":66},[52,63837,63838,63840,63842,63844,63846,63848],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,63839,118],{"class":101},[52,63841,105],{"class":66},[52,63843,12173],{"class":108},[52,63845,12281],{"class":1195},[52,63847,14475],{"class":108},[52,63849,112],{"class":66},[20,63851,311],{},[43,63853,63855],{"className":45,"code":63854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63856,63857,63873,63889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63858,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63860,3994],{"class":66},[52,63862,71],{"class":70},[52,63864,74],{"class":66},[52,63866,77],{"class":70},[52,63868,74],{"class":66},[52,63870,82],{"class":70},[52,63872,90],{"class":66},[52,63874,63875,63877,63879,63881,63883,63885,63887],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63876,3994],{"class":66},[52,63878,71],{"class":70},[52,63880,74],{"class":66},[52,63882,77],{"class":70},[52,63884,74],{"class":66},[52,63886,82],{"class":70},[52,63888,90],{"class":66},[52,63890,63891],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63892,4133],{"class":674},[20,63894,63895,63896,63898],{},"This means ",[15,63897,14421],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63900,63901,63902,63904],{},"However, this is only a ",[3842,63903,12939],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[43,63906,63908],{"className":45,"code":63907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63909,63910,63936,63950,63954,63972,63976,63986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,63911,63912,63914,63916,63918,63920,63922,63924,63926,63928,63930,63932,63934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,63913,12173],{"class":58},[52,63915,63],{"class":62},[52,63917,885],{"class":66},[52,63919,71],{"class":70},[52,63921,74],{"class":66},[52,63923,77],{"class":70},[52,63925,894],{"class":66},[52,63927,67],{"class":66},[52,63929,445],{"class":70},[52,63931,74],{"class":66},[52,63933,87],{"class":70},[52,63935,905],{"class":66},[52,63937,63938,63940,63942,63944,63946,63948],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,63939,14402],{"class":58},[52,63941,63],{"class":62},[52,63943,22655],{"class":1184},[52,63945,105],{"class":66},[52,63947,12220],{"class":108},[52,63949,112],{"class":66},[52,63951,63952],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,63953,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,63955,63956,63958,63960,63962,63964,63966,63968,63970],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,63957,14421],{"class":58},[52,63959,3994],{"class":66},[52,63961,207],{"class":70},[52,63963,13640],{"class":66},[52,63965,13643],{"class":108},[52,63967,105],{"class":66},[52,63969,56426],{"class":70},[52,63971,112],{"class":66},[52,63973,63974],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,63975,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,63977,63978,63980,63982,63984],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,63979,118],{"class":101},[52,63981,105],{"class":66},[52,63983,12220],{"class":108},[52,63985,112],{"class":66},[52,63987,63988,63990,63992,63994],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,63989,118],{"class":101},[52,63991,105],{"class":66},[52,63993,14421],{"class":108},[52,63995,112],{"class":66},[20,63997,311],{},[43,63999,64000],{"className":45,"code":56457,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,64001,64002,64028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64003,64004,64006,64008,64010,64012,64014,64016,64018,64020,64022,64024,64026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64005,56464],{"class":66},[52,64007,71],{"class":70},[52,64009,74],{"class":66},[52,64011,77],{"class":70},[52,64013,74],{"class":66},[52,64015,10283],{"class":70},[52,64017,894],{"class":66},[52,64019,67],{"class":66},[52,64021,445],{"class":70},[52,64023,74],{"class":66},[52,64025,87],{"class":70},[52,64027,905],{"class":66},[52,64029,64030,64032,64034,64036,64038,64040,64042,64044,64046,64048,64050,64052],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,64031,56464],{"class":66},[52,64033,71],{"class":70},[52,64035,74],{"class":66},[52,64037,77],{"class":70},[52,64039,74],{"class":66},[52,64041,10283],{"class":70},[52,64043,894],{"class":66},[52,64045,67],{"class":66},[52,64047,445],{"class":70},[52,64049,74],{"class":66},[52,64051,87],{"class":70},[52,64053,905],{"class":66},[20,64055,64056],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,64058,64059,64060,242],{},"For more on this, see ",[236,64061,13881],{"href":13880},[38,64063,64065],{"id":64064},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,64067,64068,64069,242],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,64070,24875],{},[461,64072,64074],{"id":64073},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[43,64076,64078],{"className":45,"code":64077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,64079,64080,64120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64081,64082,64084,64086,64088,64090,64092,64094,64096,64098,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64083,12952],{"class":58},[52,64085,63],{"class":62},[52,64087,10577],{"class":66},[52,64089,757],{"class":756},[52,64091,7751],{"class":760},[52,64093,757],{"class":756},[52,64095,1772],{"class":66},[52,64097,768],{"class":756},[52,64099,8006],{"class":760},[52,64101,757],{"class":756},[52,64103,74],{"class":66},[52,64105,768],{"class":756},[52,64107,19985],{"class":760},[52,64109,757],{"class":756},[52,64111,1772],{"class":66},[52,64113,768],{"class":756},[52,64115,22340],{"class":760},[52,64117,757],{"class":756},[52,64119,9394],{"class":66},[52,64121,64122,64124,64126,64128,64130,64132],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,64123,118],{"class":101},[52,64125,105],{"class":66},[52,64127,8179],{"class":1184},[52,64129,105],{"class":66},[52,64131,13716],{"class":108},[52,64133,510],{"class":66},[20,64135,311],{},[43,64137,64139],{"className":45,"code":64138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,64140,64141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64142,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151,64153,64155,64157,64159],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64144,3994],{"class":66},[52,64146,3406],{"class":756},[52,64148,7751],{"class":760},[52,64150,3406],{"class":756},[52,64152,74],{"class":66},[52,64154,3401],{"class":756},[52,64156,19985],{"class":760},[52,64158,3406],{"class":756},[52,64160,90],{"class":66},[461,64162,64164],{"id":64163},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[43,64166,64168],{"className":45,"code":64167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,64169,64170,64210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64171,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202,64204,64206,64208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64173,12952],{"class":58},[52,64175,63],{"class":62},[52,64177,10577],{"class":66},[52,64179,757],{"class":756},[52,64181,7751],{"class":760},[52,64183,757],{"class":756},[52,64185,1772],{"class":66},[52,64187,768],{"class":756},[52,64189,8006],{"class":760},[52,64191,757],{"class":756},[52,64193,74],{"class":66},[52,64195,768],{"class":756},[52,64197,19985],{"class":760},[52,64199,757],{"class":756},[52,64201,1772],{"class":66},[52,64203,768],{"class":756},[52,64205,22340],{"class":760},[52,64207,757],{"class":756},[52,64209,9394],{"class":66},[52,64211,64212,64214,64216,64218,64220,64222,64224,64226],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,64213,118],{"class":101},[52,64215,105],{"class":66},[52,64217,8179],{"class":1184},[52,64219,105],{"class":66},[52,64221,13716],{"class":108},[52,64223,242],{"class":66},[52,64225,507],{"class":108},[52,64227,6375],{"class":66},[20,64229,311],{},[43,64231,64233],{"className":45,"code":64232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,64234,64235],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64236,64237,64239,64241,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64238,3994],{"class":66},[52,64240,3406],{"class":756},[52,64242,8006],{"class":760},[52,64244,3406],{"class":756},[52,64246,74],{"class":66},[52,64248,3401],{"class":756},[52,64250,22340],{"class":760},[52,64252,3406],{"class":756},[52,64254,90],{"class":66},[461,64256,64258],{"id":64257},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[43,64260,64262],{"className":45,"code":64261,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,64263,64264,64304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64265,64266,64268,64270,64272,64274,64276,64278,64280,64282,64284,64286,64288,64290,64292,64294,64296,64298,64300,64302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64267,12952],{"class":58},[52,64269,63],{"class":62},[52,64271,10577],{"class":66},[52,64273,757],{"class":756},[52,64275,7751],{"class":760},[52,64277,757],{"class":756},[52,64279,1772],{"class":66},[52,64281,768],{"class":756},[52,64283,8006],{"class":760},[52,64285,757],{"class":756},[52,64287,74],{"class":66},[52,64289,768],{"class":756},[52,64291,19985],{"class":760},[52,64293,757],{"class":756},[52,64295,1772],{"class":66},[52,64297,768],{"class":756},[52,64299,22340],{"class":760},[52,64301,757],{"class":756},[52,64303,9394],{"class":66},[52,64305,64306,64308,64310,64312,64314,64316,64318,64320],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,64307,118],{"class":101},[52,64309,105],{"class":66},[52,64311,8179],{"class":1184},[52,64313,105],{"class":66},[52,64315,13716],{"class":108},[52,64317,242],{"class":66},[52,64319,7894],{"class":108},[52,64321,6375],{"class":66},[20,64323,311],{},[43,64325,64327],{"className":45,"code":64326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,64328,64329],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64330,64331,64333,64335,64337,64339,64341,64343,64345,64347,64349,64351,64353,64355,64357,64359,64361,64363,64365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64332,21835],{"class":66},[52,64334,3406],{"class":756},[52,64336,7751],{"class":760},[52,64338,3406],{"class":756},[52,64340,74],{"class":66},[52,64342,3401],{"class":756},[52,64344,8006],{"class":760},[52,64346,3406],{"class":756},[52,64348,9318],{"class":66},[52,64350,9321],{"class":66},[52,64352,3406],{"class":756},[52,64354,19985],{"class":760},[52,64356,3406],{"class":756},[52,64358,74],{"class":66},[52,64360,3401],{"class":756},[52,64362,22340],{"class":760},[52,64364,3406],{"class":756},[52,64366,9334],{"class":66},[20,64368,64369],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[38,64371,64373],{"id":64372},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,64375,133,64376,10688],{},[15,64377,24875],{},[153,64379,64380,64388,64397],{},[156,64381,64382,64383,1943,64385],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,64384,52734],{},[15,64386,64387],{},"sort()",[156,64389,64390,64391,1943,64393,64396],{},"you want to convert ",[15,64392,167],{},[15,64394,64395],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[156,64398,64399],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,64401,46125,64402,1772],{},[15,64403,64395],{},[43,64405,64407],{"className":45,"code":64406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,64408,64409,64433,64449,64453,64476],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64410,64411,64413,64415,64417,64419,64421,64423,64425,64427,64429,64431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64412,5088],{"class":58},[52,64414,63],{"class":62},[52,64416,67],{"class":66},[52,64418,757],{"class":756},[52,64420,12969],{"class":760},[52,64422,757],{"class":756},[52,64424,74],{"class":66},[52,64426,768],{"class":756},[52,64428,36040],{"class":760},[52,64430,757],{"class":756},[52,64432,90],{"class":66},[52,64434,64435,64437,64439,64441,64443,64445,64447],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,64436,5157],{"class":58},[52,64438,63],{"class":62},[52,64440,67],{"class":66},[52,64442,13592],{"class":70},[52,64444,74],{"class":66},[52,64446,13597],{"class":70},[52,64448,90],{"class":66},[52,64450,64451],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,64452,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,64454,64455,64457,64459,64461,64463,64466,64468,64470,64472,64474],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,64456,9300],{"class":58},[52,64458,63],{"class":62},[52,64460,22655],{"class":1184},[52,64462,105],{"class":66},[52,64464,64465],{"class":101},"zip",[52,64467,105],{"class":66},[52,64469,5132],{"class":108},[52,64471,74],{"class":66},[52,64473,5204],{"class":108},[52,64475,510],{"class":66},[52,64477,64478,64480,64482,64484],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,64479,118],{"class":101},[52,64481,105],{"class":66},[52,64483,9347],{"class":108},[52,64485,112],{"class":66},[20,64487,311],{},[43,64489,64491],{"className":45,"code":64490,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64492,64493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64494,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505,64507,64509,64511,64513,64515,64517,64519,64521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64496,21835],{"class":66},[52,64498,3406],{"class":756},[52,64500,12969],{"class":760},[52,64502,3406],{"class":756},[52,64504,74],{"class":66},[52,64506,19992],{"class":70},[52,64508,9318],{"class":66},[52,64510,9321],{"class":66},[52,64512,3406],{"class":756},[52,64514,36040],{"class":760},[52,64516,3406],{"class":756},[52,64518,74],{"class":66},[52,64520,13597],{"class":70},[52,64522,9334],{"class":66},[20,64524,64525,64526,64528,64529,242],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64527,52734],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[236,64530,53131],{"href":53130},[38,64532,4610],{"id":4609},[20,64534,56855,64535,242],{},[15,64536,24875],{},[461,64538,64540],{"id":64539},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64542,1005],{},[43,64544,64546],{"className":45,"code":64545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64547,64548,64552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64549,64550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64551,4626],{"class":129},[52,64553,64554,64556,64558,64560,64562,64564,64566,64568],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,64555,8179],{"class":1184},[52,64557,105],{"class":66},[52,64559,71],{"class":70},[52,64561,74],{"class":66},[52,64563,77],{"class":70},[52,64565,74],{"class":66},[52,64567,82],{"class":70},[52,64569,112],{"class":66},[20,64571,64572,64574],{},[15,64573,24875],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64576,18788],{},[43,64578,64580],{"className":45,"code":64579,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64581,64582],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64583,64584,64586,64588,64590,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64585,118],{"class":101},[52,64587,105],{"class":66},[52,64589,8179],{"class":1184},[52,64591,5599],{"class":66},[52,64593,71],{"class":70},[52,64595,74],{"class":66},[52,64597,77],{"class":70},[52,64599,74],{"class":66},[52,64601,82],{"class":70},[52,64603,622],{"class":66},[461,64605,64607,64608],{"id":64606},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[52,64609,64610],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64612,64613],{},"This is a common surprise:",[43,64615,64617],{"className":45,"code":64616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64618,64619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64620,64621,64623,64625,64627,64629,64631,64633,64635],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64622,118],{"class":101},[52,64624,105],{"class":66},[52,64626,8179],{"class":1184},[52,64628,105],{"class":66},[52,64630,757],{"class":756},[52,64632,761],{"class":760},[52,64634,757],{"class":756},[52,64636,510],{"class":66},[20,64638,311],{},[43,64640,64642],{"className":45,"code":64641,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64643,64644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64645,64646,64648,64650,64652,64654,64656,64658,64660,64662,64664,64666,64668,64670,64672,64674,64676,64678,64680,64682,64684,64686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64647,3994],{"class":66},[52,64649,3406],{"class":756},[52,64651,1423],{"class":760},[52,64653,3406],{"class":756},[52,64655,74],{"class":66},[52,64657,3401],{"class":756},[52,64659,60526],{"class":760},[52,64661,3406],{"class":756},[52,64663,74],{"class":66},[52,64665,3401],{"class":756},[52,64667,60535],{"class":760},[52,64669,3406],{"class":756},[52,64671,74],{"class":66},[52,64673,3401],{"class":756},[52,64675,60535],{"class":760},[52,64677,3406],{"class":756},[52,64679,74],{"class":66},[52,64681,3401],{"class":756},[52,64683,1432],{"class":760},[52,64685,3406],{"class":756},[52,64687,90],{"class":66},[20,64689,64690],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64692,64693],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[43,64695,64697],{"className":45,"code":64696,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64698,64699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64700,64701,64703,64705,64707,64709,64711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64702,118],{"class":101},[52,64704,1058],{"class":66},[52,64706,757],{"class":756},[52,64708,761],{"class":760},[52,64710,757],{"class":756},[52,64712,1858],{"class":66},[461,64714,64716],{"id":64715},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64718,64719],{},"This:",[43,64721,64723],{"className":45,"code":64722,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64724,64725,64757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64726,64727,64729,64731,64733,64735,64737,64739,64741,64743,64745,64747,64749,64751,64753,64755],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64728,9251],{"class":58},[52,64730,63],{"class":62},[52,64732,10577],{"class":66},[52,64734,757],{"class":756},[52,64736,236],{"class":760},[52,64738,757],{"class":756},[52,64740,1772],{"class":66},[52,64742,5586],{"class":70},[52,64744,74],{"class":66},[52,64746,768],{"class":756},[52,64748,4853],{"class":760},[52,64750,757],{"class":756},[52,64752,1772],{"class":66},[52,64754,77],{"class":70},[52,64756,9394],{"class":66},[52,64758,64759,64761,64763,64765,64767,64769],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,64760,118],{"class":101},[52,64762,105],{"class":66},[52,64764,8179],{"class":1184},[52,64766,105],{"class":66},[52,64768,9289],{"class":108},[52,64770,510],{"class":66},[20,64772,64773],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64775,133,64776,64779],{},[15,64777,64778],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[461,64781,64783],{"id":64782},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64785,64786,64788],{},[15,64787,24875],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64790,64791],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[38,64793,1919],{"id":1918},[461,64795,5270,64797,64799],{"id":64796},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[52,64798],{}," and list()?",[20,64801,64802,64803,64805,64806,64808],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64804,3887],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64807,24875],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[461,64810,64812],{"id":64811},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64814,64815,64816,64818],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64817,24875],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[461,64820,64822],{"id":64821},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64824,64825],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[461,64827,64829],{"id":64828},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64831,64832],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[461,64834,64836],{"id":64835},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64838,64839,64840,64842],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64841,24875],{}," cannot loop through it.",[38,64844,1986],{"id":1985},[153,64846,64847,64851,64856,64860,64864,64868,64872,64877],{},[156,64848,64849],{},[236,64850,52853],{"href":51063},[156,64852,64853],{},[236,64854,64855],{"href":238},"Python range() function explained",[156,64857,64858],{},[236,64859,63294],{"href":63293},[156,64861,64862],{},[236,64863,63625],{"href":63624},[156,64865,64866],{},[236,64867,5307],{"href":5675},[156,64869,64870],{},[236,64871,13881],{"href":13880},[156,64873,64874],{},[236,64875,64876],{"href":52681},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[156,64878,64879],{},[236,64880,54358],{"href":53130},[2029,64882,64883],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":64885},[64886,64887,64888,64889,64890,64897,64898,64899,64904,64905,64912,64920],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":62996,"depth":93,"text":62997},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":59700,"depth":93,"text":59701},{"id":63224,"depth":93,"text":63225,"children":64891},[64892,64893,64894,64895,64896],{"id":63228,"depth":115,"text":63229},{"id":63297,"depth":115,"text":63298},{"id":63374,"depth":115,"text":63375},{"id":63449,"depth":115,"text":63450},{"id":63516,"depth":115,"text":63517},{"id":63628,"depth":93,"text":63629},{"id":63764,"depth":93,"text":63765},{"id":64064,"depth":93,"text":64065,"children":64900},[64901,64902,64903],{"id":64073,"depth":115,"text":64074},{"id":64163,"depth":115,"text":64164},{"id":64257,"depth":115,"text":64258},{"id":64372,"depth":93,"text":64373},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":64906},[64907,64908,64910,64911],{"id":64539,"depth":115,"text":64540},{"id":64606,"depth":115,"text":64909},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64715,"depth":115,"text":64716},{"id":64782,"depth":115,"text":64783},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":64913},[64914,64916,64917,64918,64919],{"id":64796,"depth":115,"text":64915},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64811,"depth":115,"text":64812},{"id":64821,"depth":115,"text":64822},{"id":64828,"depth":115,"text":64829},{"id":64835,"depth":115,"text":64836},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62830,"description":64921},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64928,"title":64929,"body":64930,"description":66280,"extension":2083,"meta":66281,"navigation":296,"path":66282,"seo":66283,"stem":66284,"__hash__":66285},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64931,"toc":66254},[64932,64937,64943,64952,64954,65027,65036,65041,65045,65061,65065,65067,65069,65088,65091,65119,65122,65147,65155,65157,65162,65169,65171,65228,65230,65238,65244,65248,65251,65324,65326,65334,65337,65360,65367,65373,65377,65383,65454,65456,65464,65473,65480,65487,65495,65639,65641,65658,65661,65700,65703,65707,65712,65714,65773,65779,65782,65889,65891,65906,65909,65916,65918,65922,66069,66072,66133,66136,66139,66160,66165,66169,66180,66183,66185,66190,66193,66201,66206,66212,66215,66221,66229,66231,66251],[10,64933,54422,64935,11411],{"id":64934},"python-list-index-method",[15,64936,59048],{},[20,64938,64939,64942],{},[15,64940,64941],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64944,64945,64946,64949,64950,242],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3842,64947,64948],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64951,40794],{},[38,64953,3712],{"id":3711},[43,64955,64957],{"className":45,"code":64956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64958,64959,64991,65014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,64960,64961,64963,64965,64967,64969,64971,64973,64975,64977,64979,64981,64983,64985,64987,64989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,64962,7863],{"class":58},[52,64964,63],{"class":62},[52,64966,67],{"class":66},[52,64968,757],{"class":756},[52,64970,4171],{"class":760},[52,64972,757],{"class":756},[52,64974,74],{"class":66},[52,64976,768],{"class":756},[52,64978,4180],{"class":760},[52,64980,757],{"class":756},[52,64982,74],{"class":66},[52,64984,768],{"class":756},[52,64986,4189],{"class":760},[52,64988,757],{"class":756},[52,64990,90],{"class":66},[52,64992,64993,64996,64998,65000,65002,65004,65006,65008,65010,65012],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,64994,64995],{"class":58},"position ",[52,64997,63],{"class":62},[52,64999,6053],{"class":58},[52,65001,242],{"class":66},[52,65003,35945],{"class":108},[52,65005,105],{"class":66},[52,65007,757],{"class":756},[52,65009,4180],{"class":760},[52,65011,757],{"class":756},[52,65013,112],{"class":66},[52,65015,65016,65018,65020,65023,65025],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65017,118],{"class":101},[52,65019,105],{"class":66},[52,65021,65022],{"class":108},"position",[52,65024,126],{"class":66},[52,65026,27874],{"class":129},[20,65028,133,65029,65032,65033,65035],{},[15,65030,65031],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,65034,40794],{}," if the item is not found.",[38,65037,140,65039,143],{"id":65038},"what-listindex-does",[15,65040,64941],{},[20,65042,65043,1772],{},[15,65044,64941],{},[153,65046,65047,65050,65053,65058],{},[156,65048,65049],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[156,65051,65052],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[156,65054,65055,65056],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,65057,207],{},[156,65059,65060],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,65062,54647,65063,242],{},[236,65064,52853],{"href":54650},[38,65066,181],{"id":180},[20,65068,30820],{},[43,65070,65072],{"className":45,"code":65071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,65073,65074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65075,65076,65078,65080,65082,65084,65086],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65077,8425],{"class":58},[52,65079,242],{"class":66},[52,65081,35945],{"class":108},[52,65083,105],{"class":66},[52,65085,2588],{"class":108},[52,65087,112],{"class":66},[20,65089,65090],{},"You can also limit the search:",[43,65092,65094],{"className":45,"code":65093,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,65095,65096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65097,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65099,8425],{"class":58},[52,65101,242],{"class":66},[52,65103,35945],{"class":108},[52,65105,105],{"class":66},[52,65107,2588],{"class":108},[52,65109,74],{"class":66},[52,65111,202],{"class":108},[52,65113,74],{"class":66},[52,65115,65116],{"class":108}," end",[52,65118,112],{"class":66},[20,65120,65121],{},"Here is what each part means:",[153,65123,65124,65129,65134,65139],{},[156,65125,65126,65128],{},[15,65127,2588],{},": the item to search for",[156,65130,65131,65133],{},[15,65132,35],{},": where the search begins",[156,65135,65136,65138],{},[15,65137,52742],{},": where the search stops",[156,65140,65141,4876,65143,65146],{},[15,65142,52742],{},[3842,65144,65145],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,65148,65149,65150,65152,65153,242],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,65151,35],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,65154,52742],{},[38,65156,38113],{"id":38112},[20,65158,65159,65161],{},[15,65160,64941],{}," returns an integer.",[20,65163,65164,65165,65168],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3842,65166,65167],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,65170,2324],{},[43,65172,65174],{"className":45,"code":65173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,65175,65176,65196,65214,65218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65177,65178,65180,65182,65184,65186,65188,65190,65192,65194],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65179,59],{"class":58},[52,65181,63],{"class":62},[52,65183,67],{"class":66},[52,65185,430],{"class":70},[52,65187,74],{"class":66},[52,65189,7874],{"class":70},[52,65191,74],{"class":66},[52,65193,7879],{"class":70},[52,65195,90],{"class":66},[52,65197,65198,65200,65202,65204,65206,65208,65210,65212],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,65199,2347],{"class":58},[52,65201,63],{"class":62},[52,65203,1686],{"class":58},[52,65205,242],{"class":66},[52,65207,35945],{"class":108},[52,65209,105],{"class":66},[52,65211,15846],{"class":70},[52,65213,112],{"class":66},[52,65215,65216],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65217,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,65219,65220,65222,65224,65226],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,65221,118],{"class":101},[52,65223,105],{"class":66},[52,65225,2382],{"class":108},[52,65227,112],{"class":66},[20,65229,311],{},[43,65231,65232],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65233,65234],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65235,65236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65237,47001],{"class":70},[20,65239,65240,65241,65243],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,65242,59048],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[38,65245,65247],{"id":65246},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,65249,65250],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[43,65252,65254],{"className":45,"code":65253,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,65255,65256,65288,65310,65314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65257,65258,65260,65262,65264,65266,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65259,36333],{"class":58},[52,65261,63],{"class":62},[52,65263,67],{"class":66},[52,65265,757],{"class":756},[52,65267,4171],{"class":760},[52,65269,757],{"class":756},[52,65271,74],{"class":66},[52,65273,768],{"class":756},[52,65275,4180],{"class":760},[52,65277,757],{"class":756},[52,65279,74],{"class":66},[52,65281,768],{"class":756},[52,65283,4189],{"class":760},[52,65285,757],{"class":756},[52,65287,90],{"class":66},[52,65289,65290,65292,65294,65296,65298,65300,65302,65304,65306,65308],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,65291,64995],{"class":58},[52,65293,63],{"class":62},[52,65295,52933],{"class":58},[52,65297,242],{"class":66},[52,65299,35945],{"class":108},[52,65301,105],{"class":66},[52,65303,757],{"class":756},[52,65305,4189],{"class":760},[52,65307,757],{"class":756},[52,65309,112],{"class":66},[52,65311,65312],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65313,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,65315,65316,65318,65320,65322],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,65317,118],{"class":101},[52,65319,105],{"class":66},[52,65321,65022],{"class":108},[52,65323,112],{"class":66},[20,65325,311],{},[43,65327,65328],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65329,65330],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65331,65332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65333,17149],{"class":70},[20,65335,65336],{},"In this list:",[153,65338,65339,65346,65353],{},[156,65340,65341,65343,65344],{},[15,65342,57913],{}," is at index ",[15,65345,207],{},[156,65347,65348,65343,65351],{},[15,65349,65350],{},"\"banana\"",[15,65352,71],{},[156,65354,65355,65343,65358],{},[15,65356,65357],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,65359,440],{},[20,65361,53734,65362,2514,65365,242],{},[15,65363,65364],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,65366,440],{},[20,65368,51627,65369,242],{},[236,65370,65372],{"href":65371},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[38,65374,65376],{"id":65375},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,65378,65379,65380,65382],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,65381,59048],{}," returns the first match only.",[43,65384,65386],{"className":45,"code":65385,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,65387,65388,65428,65432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65389,65390,65392,65394,65396,65398,65400,65402,65404,65406,65408,65410,65412,65414,65416,65418,65420,65422,65424,65426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65391,13165],{"class":58},[52,65393,63],{"class":62},[52,65395,67],{"class":66},[52,65397,757],{"class":756},[52,65399,13182],{"class":760},[52,65401,757],{"class":756},[52,65403,74],{"class":66},[52,65405,768],{"class":756},[52,65407,13199],{"class":760},[52,65409,757],{"class":756},[52,65411,74],{"class":66},[52,65413,768],{"class":756},[52,65415,13182],{"class":760},[52,65417,757],{"class":756},[52,65419,74],{"class":66},[52,65421,768],{"class":756},[52,65423,17549],{"class":760},[52,65425,757],{"class":756},[52,65427,90],{"class":66},[52,65429,65430],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,65431,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,65433,65434,65436,65438,65440,65442,65444,65446,65448,65450,65452],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65435,118],{"class":101},[52,65437,105],{"class":66},[52,65439,17596],{"class":108},[52,65441,242],{"class":66},[52,65443,35945],{"class":108},[52,65445,105],{"class":66},[52,65447,757],{"class":756},[52,65449,13182],{"class":760},[52,65451,757],{"class":756},[52,65453,510],{"class":66},[20,65455,311],{},[43,65457,65458],{"className":45,"code":47335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,65459,65460],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65461,65462],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65463,47335],{"class":70},[20,65465,21072,65466,65469,65470,65472],{},[15,65467,65468],{},"\"red\""," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,65471,207],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,65474,65475,65476,242],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[236,65477,55600,65478,10828],{"href":59107},[15,65479,57370],{},[38,65481,1372,65483,652,65485],{"id":65482},"using-start-and-end",[15,65484,35],{},[15,65486,52742],{},[20,65488,65489,65490,652,65492,65494],{},"The optional ",[15,65491,35],{},[15,65493,52742],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[43,65496,65498],{"className":45,"code":65497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65499,65500,65548,65552,65577,65606],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65501,65502,65504,65506,65508,65510,65512,65514,65516,65518,65520,65522,65524,65526,65528,65530,65532,65534,65536,65538,65540,65542,65544,65546],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65503,1387],{"class":58},[52,65505,63],{"class":62},[52,65507,67],{"class":66},[52,65509,757],{"class":756},[52,65511,236],{"class":760},[52,65513,757],{"class":756},[52,65515,74],{"class":66},[52,65517,768],{"class":756},[52,65519,4853],{"class":760},[52,65521,757],{"class":756},[52,65523,74],{"class":66},[52,65525,768],{"class":756},[52,65527,9825],{"class":760},[52,65529,757],{"class":756},[52,65531,74],{"class":66},[52,65533,768],{"class":756},[52,65535,4853],{"class":760},[52,65537,757],{"class":756},[52,65539,74],{"class":66},[52,65541,768],{"class":756},[52,65543,18861],{"class":760},[52,65545,757],{"class":756},[52,65547,90],{"class":66},[52,65549,65550],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,65551,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,65553,65554,65556,65558,65560,65562,65564,65566,65568,65570,65572,65574],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65555,118],{"class":101},[52,65557,105],{"class":66},[52,65559,1458],{"class":108},[52,65561,242],{"class":66},[52,65563,35945],{"class":108},[52,65565,105],{"class":66},[52,65567,757],{"class":756},[52,65569,4853],{"class":760},[52,65571,757],{"class":756},[52,65573,5450],{"class":66},[52,65575,65576],{"class":129},"        # first match\n",[52,65578,65579,65581,65583,65585,65587,65589,65591,65593,65595,65597,65599,65601,65603],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,65580,118],{"class":101},[52,65582,105],{"class":66},[52,65584,1458],{"class":108},[52,65586,242],{"class":66},[52,65588,35945],{"class":108},[52,65590,105],{"class":66},[52,65592,757],{"class":756},[52,65594,4853],{"class":760},[52,65596,757],{"class":756},[52,65598,74],{"class":66},[52,65600,77],{"class":70},[52,65602,5450],{"class":66},[52,65604,65605],{"class":129},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[52,65607,65608,65610,65612,65614,65616,65618,65620,65622,65624,65626,65628,65630,65632,65634,65636],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,65609,118],{"class":101},[52,65611,105],{"class":66},[52,65613,1458],{"class":108},[52,65615,242],{"class":66},[52,65617,35945],{"class":108},[52,65619,105],{"class":66},[52,65621,757],{"class":756},[52,65623,4853],{"class":760},[52,65625,757],{"class":756},[52,65627,74],{"class":66},[52,65629,5586],{"class":70},[52,65631,74],{"class":66},[52,65633,87],{"class":70},[52,65635,5450],{"class":66},[52,65637,65638],{"class":129},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65640,311],{},[43,65642,65644],{"className":45,"code":65643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65645,65646,65650,65654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65647,65648],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65649,47001],{"class":70},[52,65651,65652],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,65653,710],{"class":70},[52,65655,65656],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65657,47001],{"class":70},[20,65659,65660],{},"How this works:",[153,65662,65663,65675,65688],{},[156,65664,65665,65668,65669,65672,65673],{},[15,65666,65667],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65670,65671],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65674,71],{},[156,65676,65677,65680,65681,65683,65684,65672,65686],{},[15,65678,65679],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65682,440],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65685,65671],{},[15,65687,445],{},[156,65689,65690,65693,65694,2305,65696,17165,65698],{},[15,65691,65692],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65695,71],{},[15,65697,440],{},[15,65699,445],{},[20,65701,65702],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[38,65704,65706],{"id":65705},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65708,65709,65710,242],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65711,40794],{},[20,65713,2324],{},[43,65715,65717],{"className":45,"code":65716,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65718,65719,65751],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65720,65721,65723,65725,65727,65729,65731,65733,65735,65737,65739,65741,65743,65745,65747,65749],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65722,7863],{"class":58},[52,65724,63],{"class":62},[52,65726,67],{"class":66},[52,65728,757],{"class":756},[52,65730,4171],{"class":760},[52,65732,757],{"class":756},[52,65734,74],{"class":66},[52,65736,768],{"class":756},[52,65738,4180],{"class":760},[52,65740,757],{"class":756},[52,65742,74],{"class":66},[52,65744,768],{"class":756},[52,65746,4189],{"class":760},[52,65748,757],{"class":756},[52,65750,90],{"class":66},[52,65752,65753,65755,65757,65759,65761,65763,65765,65767,65769,65771],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,65754,118],{"class":101},[52,65756,105],{"class":66},[52,65758,7894],{"class":108},[52,65760,242],{"class":66},[52,65762,35945],{"class":108},[52,65764,105],{"class":66},[52,65766,757],{"class":756},[52,65768,33317],{"class":760},[52,65770,757],{"class":756},[52,65772,510],{"class":66},[20,65774,39746,65775,65778],{},[15,65776,65777],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65780,65781],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[43,65783,65785],{"className":45,"code":65784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65786,65787,65819,65832,65836,65849,65868,65874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65788,65789,65791,65793,65795,65797,65799,65801,65803,65805,65807,65809,65811,65813,65815,65817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65790,7863],{"class":58},[52,65792,63],{"class":62},[52,65794,67],{"class":66},[52,65796,757],{"class":756},[52,65798,4171],{"class":760},[52,65800,757],{"class":756},[52,65802,74],{"class":66},[52,65804,768],{"class":756},[52,65806,4180],{"class":760},[52,65808,757],{"class":756},[52,65810,74],{"class":66},[52,65812,768],{"class":756},[52,65814,4189],{"class":760},[52,65816,757],{"class":756},[52,65818,90],{"class":66},[52,65820,65821,65824,65826,65828,65830],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,65822,65823],{"class":58},"search_value ",[52,65825,63],{"class":62},[52,65827,768],{"class":756},[52,65829,33317],{"class":760},[52,65831,3465],{"class":756},[52,65833,65834],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,65835,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,65837,65838,65840,65843,65845,65847],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,65839,7079],{"class":1195},[52,65841,65842],{"class":58}," search_value ",[52,65844,1202],{"class":62},[52,65846,6053],{"class":58},[52,65848,1689],{"class":66},[52,65850,65851,65853,65855,65857,65859,65861,65863,65866],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,65852,8154],{"class":101},[52,65854,105],{"class":66},[52,65856,7894],{"class":108},[52,65858,242],{"class":66},[52,65860,35945],{"class":108},[52,65862,105],{"class":66},[52,65864,65865],{"class":108},"search_value",[52,65867,510],{"class":66},[52,65869,65870,65872],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,65871,27528],{"class":1195},[52,65873,1689],{"class":66},[52,65875,65876,65878,65880,65882,65885,65887],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,65877,8154],{"class":101},[52,65879,105],{"class":66},[52,65881,757],{"class":756},[52,65883,65884],{"class":760},"Item not found",[52,65886,757],{"class":756},[52,65888,112],{"class":66},[20,65890,311],{},[43,65892,65894],{"className":45,"code":65893,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Item not found\n",[15,65895,65896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65897,65898,65901,65903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65899,65900],{"class":58},"Item ",[52,65902,4722],{"class":62},[52,65904,65905],{"class":58}," found\n",[20,65907,65908],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65910,65911,65912,242],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[236,65913,65915],{"href":65914},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[38,65917,4610],{"id":4609},[20,65919,21306,65920,1772],{},[15,65921,64941],{},[153,65923,65924,65942,65954,66014],{},[156,65925,25869,65926,2514,65928,65931,65932,65934,65935,5252,65937,65939,65940,242],{},[15,65927,59048],{},[15,65929,65930],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[9932,65933],{},"\nPython does ",[3842,65936,4722],{},[15,65938,65930],{},". It raises ",[15,65941,40794],{},[156,65943,65944,65945,65947,65950,65951,65953],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[9932,65946],{},[15,65948,65949],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65952,65350],{},", not the value itself.",[156,65955,1372,65956,11180,65959,65961,65963,65964,16748,65966,65989,16736,65991],{},[15,65957,65958],{},"index[]",[15,65960,59048],{},[9932,65962],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[9932,65965],{},[43,65967,65969],{"className":45,"code":65968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65970,65971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65972,65973,65975,65977,65979,65981,65983,65985,65987],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65974,7894],{"class":58},[52,65976,242],{"class":66},[52,65978,35945],{"class":108},[52,65980,105],{"class":66},[52,65982,757],{"class":756},[52,65984,4180],{"class":760},[52,65986,757],{"class":756},[52,65988,112],{"class":66},[9932,65990],{},[43,65992,65994],{"className":45,"code":65993,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65995,65996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,65997,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,65999,7894],{"class":58},[52,66001,242],{"class":66},[52,66003,35945],{"class":24845},[52,66005,3994],{"class":66},[52,66007,757],{"class":756},[52,66009,4180],{"class":760},[52,66011,757],{"class":756},[52,66013,90],{"class":66},[156,66015,66016,66017,66019,652,66021,66023,66024],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[9932,66018],{},[15,66020,984],{},[15,66022,445],{}," are different values in Python.",[43,66025,66027],{"className":45,"code":66026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,66028,66029,66049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66030,66031,66033,66035,66037,66039,66041,66043,66045,66047],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66032,59],{"class":58},[52,66034,63],{"class":62},[52,66036,67],{"class":66},[52,66038,71],{"class":70},[52,66040,74],{"class":66},[52,66042,77],{"class":70},[52,66044,74],{"class":66},[52,66046,82],{"class":70},[52,66048,90],{"class":66},[52,66050,66051,66053,66055,66057,66059,66061,66063,66065,66067],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66052,118],{"class":101},[52,66054,105],{"class":66},[52,66056,757],{"class":756},[52,66058,445],{"class":760},[52,66060,757],{"class":756},[52,66062,21268],{"class":1195},[52,66064,1686],{"class":108},[52,66066,126],{"class":66},[52,66068,4864],{"class":129},[20,66070,66071],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[43,66073,66075],{"className":45,"code":66074,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,66076,66077,66087,66101,66115],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66078,66079,66081,66083,66085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66080,118],{"class":101},[52,66082,105],{"class":66},[52,66084,8425],{"class":108},[52,66086,112],{"class":66},[52,66088,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66090,118],{"class":101},[52,66092,105],{"class":66},[52,66094,1827],{"class":1184},[52,66096,105],{"class":66},[52,66098,65865],{"class":108},[52,66100,510],{"class":66},[52,66102,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66104,118],{"class":101},[52,66106,105],{"class":66},[52,66108,65823],{"class":108},[52,66110,1202],{"class":1195},[52,66112,8482],{"class":108},[52,66114,112],{"class":66},[52,66116,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,66118,118],{"class":101},[52,66120,105],{"class":66},[52,66122,8425],{"class":108},[52,66124,242],{"class":66},[52,66126,35945],{"class":108},[52,66128,105],{"class":66},[52,66130,65865],{"class":108},[52,66132,510],{"class":66},[20,66134,66135],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,66137,66138],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[153,66140,66141,66144,66151,66157],{},[156,66142,66143],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[156,66145,66146,66147,11180,66149],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,66148,984],{},[15,66150,445],{},[156,66152,66153,66154,66156],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,66155,59048],{}," returns only the first one",[156,66158,66159],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[38,66161,5054,66163],{"id":66162},"when-to-use-index",[15,66164,59048],{},[20,66166,133,66167,10688],{},[15,66168,59048],{},[153,66170,66171,66174,66177],{},[156,66172,66173],{},"You need the position of a known value",[156,66175,66176],{},"You are working with a small list",[156,66178,66179],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,66181,66182],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[38,66184,1919],{"id":1918},[461,66186,1923,66188,1926],{"id":66187},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,66189,64941],{},[20,66191,66192],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[461,66194,12792,66196,5252,66198,66200],{"id":66195},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,66197,64941],{},[15,66199,65930],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,66202,66203,66204,6712],{},"No. It raises ",[15,66205,40794],{},[461,66207,1933,66209,66211],{"id":66208},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,66210,64941],{}," find all matching items?",[20,66213,66214],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[461,66216,66218,66219,1963],{"id":66217},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,66220,59048],{},[20,66222,66223,66224,652,66226,66228],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,66225,35],{},[15,66227,52742],{}," arguments.",[38,66230,1986],{"id":1985},[153,66232,66233,66237,66241,66245],{},[156,66234,66235],{},[236,66236,59036],{"href":65371},[156,66238,66239],{},[236,66240,52853],{"href":54650},[156,66242,66243],{},[236,66244,65915],{"href":65914},[156,66246,66247],{},[236,66248,55600,66249,10828],{"href":59107},[15,66250,57370],{},[2029,66252,66253],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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{color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":66255},[66256,66257,66259,66260,66261,66262,66263,66265,66266,66267,66269,66279],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":65038,"depth":93,"text":66258},"What list.index() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":38112,"depth":93,"text":38113},{"id":65246,"depth":93,"text":65247},{"id":65375,"depth":93,"text":65376},{"id":65482,"depth":93,"text":66264},"Using start and end",{"id":65705,"depth":93,"text":65706},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610},{"id":66162,"depth":93,"text":66268},"When to use index()",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":66270},[66271,66273,66275,66277],{"id":66187,"depth":115,"text":66272},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":66195,"depth":115,"text":66274},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":66208,"depth":115,"text":66276},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":66217,"depth":115,"text":66278},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64929,"description":66280},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":66287,"title":66288,"body":66289,"description":68231,"extension":2083,"meta":68232,"navigation":296,"path":68233,"seo":68234,"stem":68235,"__hash__":68236},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":66290,"toc":68191},[66291,66296,66301,66304,66313,66370,66376,66381,66385,66399,66405,66407,66430,66447,66449,66510,66512,66544,66557,66559,66562,66662,66664,66742,66748,66752,66760,66764,66770,66825,66827,66851,66855,66858,66911,66913,66937,66941,66944,66997,66999,67023,67027,67033,67104,67106,67147,67153,67160,67163,67168,67176,67181,67189,67191,67288,67290,67359,67366,67371,67373,67377,67382,67384,67455,67457,67486,67492,67494,67521,67524,67547,67551,67554,67576,67579,67602,67604,67664,67666,67698,67704,67709,67762,67764,67789,67792,67841,67843,67864,67868,67873,67876,67931,67933,67960,67967,67971,67976,68047,68050,68064,68069,68074,68076,68090,68102,68107,68109,68114,68119,68123,68126,68132,68138,68145,68153,68155,68188],[10,66292,54422,66294,11411],{"id":66293},"python-list-insert-method",[15,66295,54348],{},[20,66297,66298,66300],{},[15,66299,53992],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,66302,66303],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,66305,133,66306,66308,66309,242],{},[15,66307,54348],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[236,66310,55600,66311,10828],{"href":56848},[15,66312,52734],{},[43,66314,66316],{"className":45,"code":66315,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,66317,66318,66338,66356,66366],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66319,66320,66322,66324,66326,66328,66330,66332,66334,66336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66321,59],{"class":58},[52,66323,63],{"class":62},[52,66325,67],{"class":66},[52,66327,71],{"class":70},[52,66329,74],{"class":66},[52,66331,77],{"class":70},[52,66333,74],{"class":66},[52,66335,87],{"class":70},[52,66337,90],{"class":66},[52,66339,66340,66342,66344,66346,66348,66350,66352,66354],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66341,109],{"class":58},[52,66343,242],{"class":66},[52,66345,54032],{"class":108},[52,66347,105],{"class":66},[52,66349,440],{"class":70},[52,66351,74],{"class":66},[52,66353,82],{"class":70},[52,66355,112],{"class":66},[52,66357,66358,66360,66362,66364],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66359,118],{"class":101},[52,66361,105],{"class":66},[52,66363,109],{"class":108},[52,66365,112],{"class":66},[52,66367,66368],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,66369,52805],{"class":129},[20,66371,133,66372,66375],{},[15,66373,66374],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[38,66377,140,66379,143],{"id":66378},"what-listinsert-does",[15,66380,53992],{},[20,66382,66383,1772],{},[15,66384,53992],{},[153,66386,66387,66390,66393,66395],{},[156,66388,66389],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[156,66391,66392],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[156,66394,54508],{},[156,66396,11513,66397],{},[15,66398,3878],{},[20,66400,66401,66402,66404],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,66403,54348],{}," does not create a new list.",[38,66406,5520],{"id":5519},[43,66408,66410],{"className":45,"code":66409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,66411,66412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66413,66414,66416,66418,66420,66422,66424,66426,66428],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66415,8425],{"class":58},[52,66417,242],{"class":66},[52,66419,54032],{"class":108},[52,66421,105],{"class":66},[52,66423,35945],{"class":108},[52,66425,74],{"class":66},[52,66427,29602],{"class":108},[52,66429,112],{"class":66},[153,66431,66432,66437,66442],{},[156,66433,66434,66436],{},[15,66435,35945],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[156,66438,66439,66441],{},[15,66440,23406],{}," is the value to add",[156,66443,66444,66445],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,66446,207],{},[20,66448,2324],{},[43,66450,66452],{"className":45,"code":66451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66453,66454,66478,66500],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66455,66456,66458,66460,66462,66464,66466,66468,66470,66472,66474,66476],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66457,1387],{"class":58},[52,66459,63],{"class":62},[52,66461,67],{"class":66},[52,66463,757],{"class":756},[52,66465,236],{"class":760},[52,66467,757],{"class":756},[52,66469,74],{"class":66},[52,66471,768],{"class":756},[52,66473,9825],{"class":760},[52,66475,757],{"class":756},[52,66477,90],{"class":66},[52,66479,66480,66482,66484,66486,66488,66490,66492,66494,66496,66498],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66481,1458],{"class":58},[52,66483,242],{"class":66},[52,66485,54032],{"class":108},[52,66487,105],{"class":66},[52,66489,71],{"class":70},[52,66491,74],{"class":66},[52,66493,768],{"class":756},[52,66495,4853],{"class":760},[52,66497,757],{"class":756},[52,66499,112],{"class":66},[52,66501,66502,66504,66506,66508],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66503,118],{"class":101},[52,66505,105],{"class":66},[52,66507,1458],{"class":108},[52,66509,112],{"class":66},[20,66511,311],{},[43,66513,66514],{"className":45,"code":42959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66515,66516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66517,66518,66520,66522,66524,66526,66528,66530,66532,66534,66536,66538,66540,66542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66519,3994],{"class":66},[52,66521,3406],{"class":756},[52,66523,236],{"class":760},[52,66525,3406],{"class":756},[52,66527,74],{"class":66},[52,66529,3401],{"class":756},[52,66531,4853],{"class":760},[52,66533,3406],{"class":756},[52,66535,74],{"class":66},[52,66537,3401],{"class":756},[52,66539,9825],{"class":760},[52,66541,3406],{"class":756},[52,66543,90],{"class":66},[20,66545,20865,66546,66548,66549,66551,66552,652,66554,242],{},[15,66547,65671],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66550,71],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66553,18189],{},[15,66555,66556],{},"\"c\"",[38,66558,5875],{"id":5874},[20,66560,66561],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[43,66563,66565],{"className":45,"code":66564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66566,66567,66599,66617,66621,66643],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66568,66569,66571,66573,66575,66577,66579,66581,66583,66585,66587,66589,66591,66593,66595,66597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66570,13165],{"class":58},[52,66572,63],{"class":62},[52,66574,67],{"class":66},[52,66576,757],{"class":756},[52,66578,13182],{"class":760},[52,66580,757],{"class":756},[52,66582,74],{"class":66},[52,66584,768],{"class":756},[52,66586,13199],{"class":760},[52,66588,757],{"class":756},[52,66590,74],{"class":66},[52,66592,768],{"class":756},[52,66594,17549],{"class":760},[52,66596,757],{"class":756},[52,66598,90],{"class":66},[52,66600,66601,66603,66605,66607,66609,66611,66613,66615],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66602,118],{"class":101},[52,66604,105],{"class":66},[52,66606,757],{"class":756},[52,66608,11652],{"class":760},[52,66610,757],{"class":756},[52,66612,74],{"class":66},[52,66614,13213],{"class":108},[52,66616,112],{"class":66},[52,66618,66619],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66620,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,66622,66623,66625,66627,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,66624,17596],{"class":58},[52,66626,242],{"class":66},[52,66628,54032],{"class":108},[52,66630,105],{"class":66},[52,66632,71],{"class":70},[52,66634,74],{"class":66},[52,66636,768],{"class":756},[52,66638,22619],{"class":760},[52,66640,757],{"class":756},[52,66642,112],{"class":66},[52,66644,66645,66647,66649,66651,66654,66656,66658,66660],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,66646,118],{"class":101},[52,66648,105],{"class":66},[52,66650,757],{"class":756},[52,66652,66653],{"class":760},"After: ",[52,66655,757],{"class":756},[52,66657,74],{"class":66},[52,66659,13213],{"class":108},[52,66661,112],{"class":66},[20,66663,311],{},[43,66665,66667],{"className":45,"code":66666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66668,66669,66701],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66670,66671,66673,66675,66677,66679,66681,66683,66685,66687,66689,66691,66693,66695,66697,66699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66672,11712],{"class":58},[52,66674,1772],{"class":66},[52,66676,67],{"class":66},[52,66678,3406],{"class":756},[52,66680,13182],{"class":760},[52,66682,3406],{"class":756},[52,66684,74],{"class":66},[52,66686,3401],{"class":756},[52,66688,13199],{"class":760},[52,66690,3406],{"class":756},[52,66692,74],{"class":66},[52,66694,3401],{"class":756},[52,66696,17549],{"class":760},[52,66698,3406],{"class":756},[52,66700,90],{"class":66},[52,66702,66703,66705,66707,66710,66712,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734,66736,66738,66740],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66704,11765],{"class":58},[52,66706,1772],{"class":66},[52,66708,66709],{"class":66},"  [",[52,66711,3406],{"class":756},[52,66713,13182],{"class":760},[52,66715,3406],{"class":756},[52,66717,74],{"class":66},[52,66719,3401],{"class":756},[52,66721,22619],{"class":760},[52,66723,3406],{"class":756},[52,66725,74],{"class":66},[52,66727,3401],{"class":756},[52,66729,13199],{"class":760},[52,66731,3406],{"class":756},[52,66733,74],{"class":66},[52,66735,3401],{"class":756},[52,66737,17549],{"class":760},[52,66739,3406],{"class":756},[52,66741,90],{"class":66},[20,66743,66744,66745,66747],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66746,71],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[38,66749,66751],{"id":66750},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66753,2100,66754,35428,66756,66759],{},[15,66755,35945],{},[15,66757,66758],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[461,66761,66763],{"id":66762},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66765,66766,66767,66769],{},"Use index ",[15,66768,207],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[43,66771,66773],{"className":45,"code":66772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66774,66775,66796,66815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66776,66777,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792,66794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66778,66779],{"class":58},"nums ",[52,66781,63],{"class":62},[52,66783,67],{"class":66},[52,66785,440],{"class":70},[52,66787,74],{"class":66},[52,66789,82],{"class":70},[52,66791,74],{"class":66},[52,66793,87],{"class":70},[52,66795,90],{"class":66},[52,66797,66798,66801,66803,66805,66807,66809,66811,66813],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66799,66800],{"class":58},"nums",[52,66802,242],{"class":66},[52,66804,54032],{"class":108},[52,66806,105],{"class":66},[52,66808,207],{"class":70},[52,66810,74],{"class":66},[52,66812,5586],{"class":70},[52,66814,112],{"class":66},[52,66816,66817,66819,66821,66823],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66818,118],{"class":101},[52,66820,105],{"class":66},[52,66822,66800],{"class":108},[52,66824,112],{"class":66},[20,66826,311],{},[43,66828,66829],{"className":45,"code":53586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66830,66831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66832,66833,66835,66837,66839,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66834,3994],{"class":66},[52,66836,71],{"class":70},[52,66838,74],{"class":66},[52,66840,77],{"class":70},[52,66842,74],{"class":66},[52,66844,82],{"class":70},[52,66846,74],{"class":66},[52,66848,87],{"class":70},[52,66850,90],{"class":66},[461,66852,66854],{"id":66853},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66856,66857],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[43,66859,66861],{"className":45,"code":66860,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66862,66863,66883,66901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66864,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873,66875,66877,66879,66881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66866,66779],{"class":58},[52,66868,63],{"class":62},[52,66870,67],{"class":66},[52,66872,71],{"class":70},[52,66874,74],{"class":66},[52,66876,77],{"class":70},[52,66878,74],{"class":66},[52,66880,87],{"class":70},[52,66882,90],{"class":66},[52,66884,66885,66887,66889,66891,66893,66895,66897,66899],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66886,66800],{"class":58},[52,66888,242],{"class":66},[52,66890,54032],{"class":108},[52,66892,105],{"class":66},[52,66894,440],{"class":70},[52,66896,74],{"class":66},[52,66898,82],{"class":70},[52,66900,112],{"class":66},[52,66902,66903,66905,66907,66909],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66904,118],{"class":101},[52,66906,105],{"class":66},[52,66908,66800],{"class":108},[52,66910,112],{"class":66},[20,66912,311],{},[43,66914,66915],{"className":45,"code":53586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,66916,66917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66918,66919,66921,66923,66925,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66920,3994],{"class":66},[52,66922,71],{"class":70},[52,66924,74],{"class":66},[52,66926,77],{"class":70},[52,66928,74],{"class":66},[52,66930,82],{"class":70},[52,66932,74],{"class":66},[52,66934,87],{"class":70},[52,66936,90],{"class":66},[461,66938,66940],{"id":66939},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66942,66943],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[43,66945,66947],{"className":45,"code":66946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66948,66949,66969,66987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,66950,66951,66953,66955,66957,66959,66961,66963,66965,66967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,66952,66779],{"class":58},[52,66954,63],{"class":62},[52,66956,67],{"class":66},[52,66958,71],{"class":70},[52,66960,74],{"class":66},[52,66962,77],{"class":70},[52,66964,74],{"class":66},[52,66966,82],{"class":70},[52,66968,90],{"class":66},[52,66970,66971,66973,66975,66977,66979,66981,66983,66985],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,66972,66800],{"class":58},[52,66974,242],{"class":66},[52,66976,54032],{"class":108},[52,66978,105],{"class":66},[52,66980,430],{"class":70},[52,66982,74],{"class":66},[52,66984,87],{"class":70},[52,66986,112],{"class":66},[52,66988,66989,66991,66993,66995],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,66990,118],{"class":101},[52,66992,105],{"class":66},[52,66994,66800],{"class":108},[52,66996,112],{"class":66},[20,66998,311],{},[43,67000,67001],{"className":45,"code":53586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67002,67003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67004,67005,67007,67009,67011,67013,67015,67017,67019,67021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67006,3994],{"class":66},[52,67008,71],{"class":70},[52,67010,74],{"class":66},[52,67012,77],{"class":70},[52,67014,74],{"class":66},[52,67016,82],{"class":70},[52,67018,74],{"class":66},[52,67020,87],{"class":70},[52,67022,90],{"class":66},[461,67024,67026],{"id":67025},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,67028,67029,67030,67032],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,67031,54348],{}," places the item before that position.",[43,67034,67036],{"className":45,"code":67035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,67037,67038,67070,67094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67039,67040,67042,67044,67046,67048,67050,67052,67054,67056,67058,67060,67062,67064,67066,67068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67041,1387],{"class":58},[52,67043,63],{"class":62},[52,67045,67],{"class":66},[52,67047,757],{"class":756},[52,67049,236],{"class":760},[52,67051,757],{"class":756},[52,67053,74],{"class":66},[52,67055,768],{"class":756},[52,67057,4853],{"class":760},[52,67059,757],{"class":756},[52,67061,74],{"class":66},[52,67063,768],{"class":756},[52,67065,18861],{"class":760},[52,67067,757],{"class":756},[52,67069,90],{"class":66},[52,67071,67072,67074,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090,67092],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67073,1458],{"class":58},[52,67075,242],{"class":66},[52,67077,54032],{"class":108},[52,67079,105],{"class":66},[52,67081,2142],{"class":62},[52,67083,71],{"class":70},[52,67085,74],{"class":66},[52,67087,768],{"class":756},[52,67089,9825],{"class":760},[52,67091,757],{"class":756},[52,67093,112],{"class":66},[52,67095,67096,67098,67100,67102],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67097,118],{"class":101},[52,67099,105],{"class":66},[52,67101,1458],{"class":108},[52,67103,112],{"class":66},[20,67105,311],{},[43,67107,67109],{"className":45,"code":67108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,67110,67111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67112,67113,67115,67117,67119,67121,67123,67125,67127,67129,67131,67133,67135,67137,67139,67141,67143,67145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67114,3994],{"class":66},[52,67116,3406],{"class":756},[52,67118,236],{"class":760},[52,67120,3406],{"class":756},[52,67122,74],{"class":66},[52,67124,3401],{"class":756},[52,67126,4853],{"class":760},[52,67128,3406],{"class":756},[52,67130,74],{"class":66},[52,67132,3401],{"class":756},[52,67134,9825],{"class":760},[52,67136,3406],{"class":756},[52,67138,74],{"class":66},[52,67140,3401],{"class":756},[52,67142,18861],{"class":760},[52,67144,3406],{"class":756},[52,67146,90],{"class":66},[20,67148,67149,67150,2422],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[236,67151,67152],{"href":51063},"Python lists beginner guide",[38,67154,67156,10672,67158],{"id":67155},"insert-vs-append",[15,67157,54348],{},[15,67159,52734],{},[20,67161,67162],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[461,67164,133,67166,10688],{"id":67165},"use-insert-when",[15,67167,54348],{},[153,67169,67170,67173],{},[156,67171,67172],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[156,67174,67175],{},"The order of the list matters",[461,67177,133,67179,10688],{"id":67178},"use-append-when",[15,67180,52734],{},[153,67182,67183,67186],{},[156,67184,67185],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[156,67187,67188],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,67190,2324],{},[43,67192,67194],{"className":45,"code":67193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,67195,67196,67220,67224,67246,67256,67260,67278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67197,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212,67214,67216,67218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67199,7863],{"class":58},[52,67201,63],{"class":62},[52,67203,67],{"class":66},[52,67205,757],{"class":756},[52,67207,4171],{"class":760},[52,67209,757],{"class":756},[52,67211,74],{"class":66},[52,67213,768],{"class":756},[52,67215,33317],{"class":760},[52,67217,757],{"class":756},[52,67219,90],{"class":66},[52,67221,67222],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67223,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,67225,67226,67228,67230,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67227,7894],{"class":58},[52,67229,242],{"class":66},[52,67231,54032],{"class":108},[52,67233,105],{"class":66},[52,67235,71],{"class":70},[52,67237,74],{"class":66},[52,67239,768],{"class":756},[52,67241,4180],{"class":760},[52,67243,757],{"class":756},[52,67245,112],{"class":66},[52,67247,67248,67250,67252,67254],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,67249,118],{"class":101},[52,67251,105],{"class":66},[52,67253,7894],{"class":108},[52,67255,112],{"class":66},[52,67257,67258],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,67259,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,67261,67262,67264,67266,67268,67270,67272,67274,67276],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,67263,7894],{"class":58},[52,67265,242],{"class":66},[52,67267,13643],{"class":108},[52,67269,105],{"class":66},[52,67271,757],{"class":756},[52,67273,22628],{"class":760},[52,67275,757],{"class":756},[52,67277,112],{"class":66},[52,67279,67280,67282,67284,67286],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,67281,118],{"class":101},[52,67283,105],{"class":66},[52,67285,7894],{"class":108},[52,67287,112],{"class":66},[20,67289,311],{},[43,67291,67293],{"className":45,"code":67292,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,67294,67295,67323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67296,67297,67299,67301,67303,67305,67307,67309,67311,67313,67315,67317,67319,67321],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67298,3994],{"class":66},[52,67300,3406],{"class":756},[52,67302,4171],{"class":760},[52,67304,3406],{"class":756},[52,67306,74],{"class":66},[52,67308,3401],{"class":756},[52,67310,4180],{"class":760},[52,67312,3406],{"class":756},[52,67314,74],{"class":66},[52,67316,3401],{"class":756},[52,67318,33317],{"class":760},[52,67320,3406],{"class":756},[52,67322,90],{"class":66},[52,67324,67325,67327,67329,67331,67333,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345,67347,67349,67351,67353,67355,67357],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67326,3994],{"class":66},[52,67328,3406],{"class":756},[52,67330,4171],{"class":760},[52,67332,3406],{"class":756},[52,67334,74],{"class":66},[52,67336,3401],{"class":756},[52,67338,4180],{"class":760},[52,67340,3406],{"class":756},[52,67342,74],{"class":66},[52,67344,3401],{"class":756},[52,67346,33317],{"class":760},[52,67348,3406],{"class":756},[52,67350,74],{"class":66},[52,67352,3401],{"class":756},[52,67354,22628],{"class":760},[52,67356,3406],{"class":756},[52,67358,90],{"class":66},[20,67360,67361,67362,242],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[236,67363,55600,67364,10828],{"href":56848},[15,67365,52734],{},[20,67367,67368,67369,242],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[236,67370,53131],{"href":53130},[38,67372,4610],{"id":4609},[20,67374,14824,67375,242],{},[15,67376,54348],{},[461,67378,12682,67380],{"id":67379},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,67381,54348],{},[20,67383,25785],{},[43,67385,67387],{"className":45,"code":67386,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67388,67389,67409,67431,67435,67445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67390,67391,67393,67395,67397,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67392,59],{"class":58},[52,67394,63],{"class":62},[52,67396,67],{"class":66},[52,67398,71],{"class":70},[52,67400,74],{"class":66},[52,67402,77],{"class":70},[52,67404,74],{"class":66},[52,67406,82],{"class":70},[52,67408,90],{"class":66},[52,67410,67411,67413,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67412,2347],{"class":58},[52,67414,63],{"class":62},[52,67416,1686],{"class":58},[52,67418,242],{"class":66},[52,67420,54032],{"class":108},[52,67422,105],{"class":66},[52,67424,71],{"class":70},[52,67426,74],{"class":66},[52,67428,10283],{"class":70},[52,67430,112],{"class":66},[52,67432,67433],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67434,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,67436,67437,67439,67441,67443],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,67438,118],{"class":101},[52,67440,105],{"class":66},[52,67442,2382],{"class":108},[52,67444,112],{"class":66},[52,67446,67447,67449,67451,67453],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,67448,118],{"class":101},[52,67450,105],{"class":66},[52,67452,109],{"class":108},[52,67454,112],{"class":66},[20,67456,311],{},[43,67458,67460],{"className":45,"code":67459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67461,67462,67466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67463,67464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67465,11895],{"class":674},[52,67467,67468,67470,67472,67474,67476,67478,67480,67482,67484],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67469,3994],{"class":66},[52,67471,71],{"class":70},[52,67473,74],{"class":66},[52,67475,10283],{"class":70},[52,67477,74],{"class":66},[52,67479,77],{"class":70},[52,67481,74],{"class":66},[52,67483,82],{"class":70},[52,67485,90],{"class":66},[20,67487,67488,54233,67490,242],{},[15,67489,54348],{},[15,67491,3878],{},[20,67493,16736],{},[43,67495,67497],{"className":45,"code":67496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67498,67499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67500,67501,67503,67505,67507,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67502,55970],{"class":58},[52,67504,63],{"class":62},[52,67506,1686],{"class":58},[52,67508,242],{"class":66},[52,67510,54032],{"class":108},[52,67512,105],{"class":66},[52,67514,71],{"class":70},[52,67516,74],{"class":66},[52,67518,10283],{"class":70},[52,67520,112],{"class":66},[20,67522,67523],{},"Right:",[43,67525,67527],{"className":45,"code":67526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67528,67529],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67530,67531,67533,67535,67537,67539,67541,67543,67545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67532,109],{"class":58},[52,67534,242],{"class":66},[52,67536,54032],{"class":108},[52,67538,105],{"class":66},[52,67540,71],{"class":70},[52,67542,74],{"class":66},[52,67544,10283],{"class":70},[52,67546,112],{"class":66},[461,67548,67550],{"id":67549},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67552,67553],{},"The correct order is:",[43,67555,67556],{"className":45,"code":66409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67557,67558],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67559,67560,67562,67564,67566,67568,67570,67572,67574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67561,8425],{"class":58},[52,67563,242],{"class":66},[52,67565,54032],{"class":108},[52,67567,105],{"class":66},[52,67569,35945],{"class":108},[52,67571,74],{"class":66},[52,67573,29602],{"class":108},[52,67575,112],{"class":66},[20,67577,67578],{},"Not:",[43,67580,67582],{"className":45,"code":67581,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67583,67584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67585,67586,67588,67590,67592,67594,67596,67598,67600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67587,8425],{"class":58},[52,67589,242],{"class":66},[52,67591,54032],{"class":108},[52,67593,105],{"class":66},[52,67595,23406],{"class":108},[52,67597,74],{"class":66},[52,67599,35920],{"class":108},[52,67601,112],{"class":66},[20,67603,2324],{},[43,67605,67606],{"className":45,"code":66451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67607,67608,67632,67654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67609,67610,67612,67614,67616,67618,67620,67622,67624,67626,67628,67630],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67611,1387],{"class":58},[52,67613,63],{"class":62},[52,67615,67],{"class":66},[52,67617,757],{"class":756},[52,67619,236],{"class":760},[52,67621,757],{"class":756},[52,67623,74],{"class":66},[52,67625,768],{"class":756},[52,67627,9825],{"class":760},[52,67629,757],{"class":756},[52,67631,90],{"class":66},[52,67633,67634,67636,67638,67640,67642,67644,67646,67648,67650,67652],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67635,1458],{"class":58},[52,67637,242],{"class":66},[52,67639,54032],{"class":108},[52,67641,105],{"class":66},[52,67643,71],{"class":70},[52,67645,74],{"class":66},[52,67647,768],{"class":756},[52,67649,4853],{"class":760},[52,67651,757],{"class":756},[52,67653,112],{"class":66},[52,67655,67656,67658,67660,67662],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67657,118],{"class":101},[52,67659,105],{"class":66},[52,67661,1458],{"class":108},[52,67663,112],{"class":66},[20,67665,311],{},[43,67667,67668],{"className":45,"code":42959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,67669,67670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67671,67672,67674,67676,67678,67680,67682,67684,67686,67688,67690,67692,67694,67696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67673,3994],{"class":66},[52,67675,3406],{"class":756},[52,67677,236],{"class":760},[52,67679,3406],{"class":756},[52,67681,74],{"class":66},[52,67683,3401],{"class":756},[52,67685,4853],{"class":760},[52,67687,3406],{"class":756},[52,67689,74],{"class":66},[52,67691,3401],{"class":756},[52,67693,9825],{"class":760},[52,67695,3406],{"class":756},[52,67697,90],{"class":66},[461,67699,8538,67701,67703],{"id":67700},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67702,54348],{}," to replace an item",[20,67705,67706,67708],{},[15,67707,54348],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[43,67710,67712],{"className":45,"code":67711,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67713,67714,67734,67752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67715,67716,67718,67720,67722,67724,67726,67728,67730,67732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67717,59],{"class":58},[52,67719,63],{"class":62},[52,67721,67],{"class":66},[52,67723,71],{"class":70},[52,67725,74],{"class":66},[52,67727,77],{"class":70},[52,67729,74],{"class":66},[52,67731,82],{"class":70},[52,67733,90],{"class":66},[52,67735,67736,67738,67740,67742,67744,67746,67748,67750],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67737,109],{"class":58},[52,67739,242],{"class":66},[52,67741,54032],{"class":108},[52,67743,105],{"class":66},[52,67745,71],{"class":70},[52,67747,74],{"class":66},[52,67749,10283],{"class":70},[52,67751,112],{"class":66},[52,67753,67754,67756,67758,67760],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67755,118],{"class":101},[52,67757,105],{"class":66},[52,67759,109],{"class":108},[52,67761,112],{"class":66},[20,67763,311],{},[43,67765,67767],{"className":45,"code":67766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67768,67769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67770,67771,67773,67775,67777,67779,67781,67783,67785,67787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67772,3994],{"class":66},[52,67774,71],{"class":70},[52,67776,74],{"class":66},[52,67778,10283],{"class":70},[52,67780,74],{"class":66},[52,67782,77],{"class":70},[52,67784,74],{"class":66},[52,67786,82],{"class":70},[52,67788,90],{"class":66},[20,67790,67791],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[43,67793,67795],{"className":45,"code":67794,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67796,67797,67817,67831],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67798,67799,67801,67803,67805,67807,67809,67811,67813,67815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67800,59],{"class":58},[52,67802,63],{"class":62},[52,67804,67],{"class":66},[52,67806,71],{"class":70},[52,67808,74],{"class":66},[52,67810,77],{"class":70},[52,67812,74],{"class":66},[52,67814,82],{"class":70},[52,67816,90],{"class":66},[52,67818,67819,67821,67823,67825,67827,67829],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67820,109],{"class":58},[52,67822,3994],{"class":66},[52,67824,71],{"class":70},[52,67826,13363],{"class":66},[52,67828,13366],{"class":62},[52,67830,14221],{"class":70},[52,67832,67833,67835,67837,67839],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67834,118],{"class":101},[52,67836,105],{"class":66},[52,67838,109],{"class":108},[52,67840,112],{"class":66},[20,67842,311],{},[43,67844,67846],{"className":45,"code":67845,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67847,67848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67849,67850,67852,67854,67856,67858,67860,67862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67851,3994],{"class":66},[52,67853,71],{"class":70},[52,67855,74],{"class":66},[52,67857,10283],{"class":70},[52,67859,74],{"class":66},[52,67861,82],{"class":70},[52,67863,90],{"class":66},[461,67865,67867],{"id":67866},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67869,67870,67872],{},[15,67871,54348],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67874,67875],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[43,67877,67879],{"className":45,"code":67878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67880,67881,67897,67921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67882,67883,67885,67887,67889,67891,67893,67895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67884,59],{"class":58},[52,67886,63],{"class":62},[52,67888,67],{"class":66},[52,67890,71],{"class":70},[52,67892,74],{"class":66},[52,67894,87],{"class":70},[52,67896,90],{"class":66},[52,67898,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67917,67919],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67900,109],{"class":58},[52,67902,242],{"class":66},[52,67904,54032],{"class":108},[52,67906,105],{"class":66},[52,67908,71],{"class":70},[52,67910,74],{"class":66},[52,67912,67],{"class":66},[52,67914,440],{"class":70},[52,67916,74],{"class":66},[52,67918,82],{"class":70},[52,67920,1858],{"class":66},[52,67922,67923,67925,67927,67929],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,67924,118],{"class":101},[52,67926,105],{"class":66},[52,67928,109],{"class":108},[52,67930,112],{"class":66},[20,67932,311],{},[43,67934,67936],{"className":45,"code":67935,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67937,67938],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67939,67940,67942,67944,67946,67948,67950,67952,67954,67956,67958],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67941,3994],{"class":66},[52,67943,71],{"class":70},[52,67945,74],{"class":66},[52,67947,67],{"class":66},[52,67949,440],{"class":70},[52,67951,74],{"class":66},[52,67953,82],{"class":70},[52,67955,894],{"class":66},[52,67957,87],{"class":70},[52,67959,90],{"class":66},[20,67961,67962,67963,242],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[236,67964,55600,67965,10828],{"href":53425},[15,67966,53527],{},[461,67968,67970],{"id":67969},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67972,1800,67973,67975],{},[15,67974,54348],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[43,67977,67979],{"className":45,"code":67978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67980,67981,67991,68005,68023,68037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,67982,67983,67985,67987,67989],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,67984,118],{"class":101},[52,67986,105],{"class":66},[52,67988,8425],{"class":108},[52,67990,112],{"class":66},[52,67992,67993,67995,67997,67999,68001,68003],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,67994,118],{"class":101},[52,67996,105],{"class":66},[52,67998,11250],{"class":101},[52,68000,105],{"class":66},[52,68002,8425],{"class":108},[52,68004,510],{"class":66},[52,68006,68007,68009,68011,68013,68015,68017,68019,68021],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,68008,118],{"class":101},[52,68010,105],{"class":66},[52,68012,8425],{"class":108},[52,68014,242],{"class":66},[52,68016,54032],{"class":24845},[52,68018,242],{"class":66},[52,68020,34543],{"class":34550},[52,68022,112],{"class":66},[52,68024,68025,68027,68029,68031,68033,68035],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,68026,32248],{"class":101},[52,68028,105],{"class":66},[52,68030,8179],{"class":1184},[52,68032,242],{"class":66},[52,68034,54032],{"class":24845},[52,68036,112],{"class":66},[52,68038,68039,68041,68043,68045],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,68040,1827],{"class":1184},[52,68042,105],{"class":66},[52,68044,8425],{"class":108},[52,68046,112],{"class":66},[20,68048,68049],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[153,68051,68052,68055,68058,68061],{},[156,68053,68054],{},"What is currently in the list",[156,68056,68057],{},"How long the list is",[156,68059,68060],{},"That you are working with a real list",[156,68062,68063],{},"How Python describes the method",[38,68065,5054,68067],{"id":68066},"when-to-use-insert",[15,68068,54348],{},[20,68070,133,68071,68073],{},[15,68072,54348],{}," when position matters.",[20,68075,36520],{},[153,68077,68078,68081,68084,68087],{},[156,68079,68080],{},"Ordered menus",[156,68082,68083],{},"Rankings or score lists",[156,68085,68086],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[156,68088,68089],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,68091,68092,68093,68095,68096,68098,68099,68101],{},"You usually do ",[3842,68094,4722],{}," need ",[15,68097,54348],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,68100,52734],{}," is simpler.",[20,68103,68104,68105,242],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[236,68106,57234],{"href":57233},[38,68108,1919],{"id":1918},[461,68110,12792,68112,55549],{"id":68111},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,68113,53992],{},[20,68115,68116,68117,242],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,68118,3878],{},[461,68120,68122],{"id":68121},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,68124,68125],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[461,68127,1933,68129,68131],{"id":68128},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,68130,53992],{}," add multiple items?",[20,68133,68134,68135,68137],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,68136,53527],{}," or slicing.",[461,68139,5270,68141,652,68143,1963],{"id":68140},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,68142,54348],{},[15,68144,52734],{},[20,68146,68147,68149,68150,68152],{},[15,68148,54348],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,68151,52734],{}," adds only at the end.",[38,68154,1986],{"id":1985},[153,68156,68157,68163,68169,68173,68177,68181],{},[156,68158,68159],{},[236,68160,55600,68161,10828],{"href":56848},[15,68162,52734],{},[156,68164,68165],{},[236,68166,55600,68167,10828],{"href":53425},[15,68168,53527],{},[156,68170,68171],{},[236,68172,54358],{"href":53130},[156,68174,68175],{},[236,68176,52853],{"href":51063},[156,68178,68179],{},[236,68180,57308],{"href":57233},[156,68182,68183],{},[236,68184,30442,68185,33730],{"href":54376},[15,68186,68187],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[2029,68189,68190],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":68192},[68193,68195,68196,68197,68203,68210,68219,68221,68230],{"id":66378,"depth":93,"text":68194},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5519,"depth":93,"text":5520},{"id":5874,"depth":93,"text":5875},{"id":66750,"depth":93,"text":66751,"children":68198},[68199,68200,68201,68202],{"id":66762,"depth":115,"text":66763},{"id":66853,"depth":115,"text":66854},{"id":66939,"depth":115,"text":66940},{"id":67025,"depth":115,"text":67026},{"id":67155,"depth":93,"text":68204,"children":68205},"insert() vs append()",[68206,68208],{"id":67165,"depth":115,"text":68207},"Use insert() when:",{"id":67178,"depth":115,"text":68209},"Use append() when:",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":68211},[68212,68214,68215,68217,68218],{"id":67379,"depth":115,"text":68213},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67549,"depth":115,"text":67550},{"id":67700,"depth":115,"text":68216},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67866,"depth":115,"text":67867},{"id":67969,"depth":115,"text":67970},{"id":68066,"depth":93,"text":68220},"When to use insert()",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":68222},[68223,68225,68226,68228],{"id":68111,"depth":115,"text":68224},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":68121,"depth":115,"text":68122},{"id":68128,"depth":115,"text":68227},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":68140,"depth":115,"text":68229},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":66288,"description":68231},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":68238,"title":68239,"body":68240,"description":69795,"extension":2083,"meta":69796,"navigation":296,"path":59053,"seo":69797,"stem":69798,"__hash__":69799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":68241,"toc":69768},[68242,68248,68257,68306,68308,68316,68322,68324,68342,68348,68353,68356,68359,68374,68376,68428,68430,68438,68446,68453,68455,68461,68526,68528,68536,68538,68557,68560,68611,68615,68620,68647,68649,68657,68660,68729,68731,68746,68752,68756,68765,68768,68823,68825,68833,68836,68838,68883,68885,68893,68899,68901,68909,68912,68914,68953,68955,68994,68999,69001,69003,69038,69041,69043,69081,69085,69091,69093,69144,69146,69154,69161,69164,69185,69188,69243,69254,69256,69317,69319,69328,69335,69341,69344,69347,69404,69407,69420,69427,69433,69439,69441,69454,69457,69554,69556,69573,69576,69658,69660,69682,69689,69695,69697,69701,69707,69713,69718,69722,69725,69731,69738,69740,69765],[10,68243,68245,68246,126],{"id":68244},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,68247,11250],{},[20,68249,68250,68251,68253,68254,68256],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,68252,2007],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,68255,2007],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[43,68258,68260],{"className":45,"code":68259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,68261,68262,68282,68296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68263,68264,68266,68268,68270,68272,68274,68276,68278,68280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68265,59],{"class":58},[52,68267,63],{"class":62},[52,68269,67],{"class":66},[52,68271,430],{"class":70},[52,68273,74],{"class":66},[52,68275,7874],{"class":70},[52,68277,74],{"class":66},[52,68279,7879],{"class":70},[52,68281,90],{"class":66},[52,68283,68284,68286,68288,68290,68292,68294],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68285,41329],{"class":58},[52,68287,63],{"class":62},[52,68289,38479],{"class":101},[52,68291,105],{"class":66},[52,68293,109],{"class":108},[52,68295,112],{"class":66},[52,68297,68298,68300,68302,68304],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,68299,118],{"class":101},[52,68301,105],{"class":66},[52,68303,41347],{"class":108},[52,68305,112],{"class":66},[20,68307,311],{},[43,68309,68310],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68311,68312],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68313,68314],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68315,710],{"class":70},[20,68317,133,68318,68321],{},[15,68319,68320],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[38,68323,15254],{"id":15253},[153,68325,68326,68331,68336,68339],{},[156,68327,4290,68328,68330],{},[15,68329,2007],{}," works with Python lists",[156,68332,68333,68334,11793],{},"What value ",[15,68335,2007],{},[156,68337,68338],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[156,68340,68341],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[38,68343,140,68345,68347],{"id":68344},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,68346,2007],{}," returns for a list",[20,68349,68350,65161],{},[15,68351,68352],{},"len(my_list)",[20,68354,68355],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,68357,68358],{},"A few important points:",[153,68360,68361,68364,68369],{},[156,68362,68363],{},"It counts list items",[156,68365,40996,68366,68368],{},[3842,68367,4722],{}," count characters inside a string item",[156,68370,68371,68372],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,68373,207],{},[20,68375,2324],{},[43,68377,68379],{"className":45,"code":68378,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,68380,68381,68414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68382,68383,68385,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397,68399,68402,68404,68406,68408,68410,68412],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68384,749],{"class":58},[52,68386,63],{"class":62},[52,68388,67],{"class":66},[52,68390,757],{"class":756},[52,68392,37141],{"class":760},[52,68394,757],{"class":756},[52,68396,74],{"class":66},[52,68398,768],{"class":756},[52,68400,68401],{"class":760},"elephant",[52,68403,757],{"class":756},[52,68405,74],{"class":66},[52,68407,768],{"class":756},[52,68409,58207],{"class":760},[52,68411,757],{"class":756},[52,68413,90],{"class":66},[52,68415,68416,68418,68420,68422,68424,68426],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68417,118],{"class":101},[52,68419,105],{"class":66},[52,68421,11250],{"class":101},[52,68423,105],{"class":66},[52,68425,788],{"class":108},[52,68427,510],{"class":66},[20,68429,311],{},[43,68431,68432],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68433,68434],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68435,68436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68437,710],{"class":70},[20,68439,21072,68440,68443,68444,65168],{},[15,68441,68442],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3842,68445,52738],{},[20,68447,68448,68449,242],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[236,68450,13,68451,1999],{"href":2004},[15,68452,2007],{},[38,68454,5875],{"id":5874},[20,68456,68457,68458,68460],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,68459,2007],{},", and print the result.",[43,68462,68464],{"className":45,"code":68463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,68465,68466,68498,68512,68516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68467,68468,68470,68472,68474,68476,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494,68496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68469,13165],{"class":58},[52,68471,63],{"class":62},[52,68473,67],{"class":66},[52,68475,757],{"class":756},[52,68477,13182],{"class":760},[52,68479,757],{"class":756},[52,68481,74],{"class":66},[52,68483,768],{"class":756},[52,68485,17549],{"class":760},[52,68487,757],{"class":756},[52,68489,74],{"class":66},[52,68491,768],{"class":756},[52,68493,13199],{"class":760},[52,68495,757],{"class":756},[52,68497,90],{"class":66},[52,68499,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508,68510],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68501,41329],{"class":58},[52,68503,63],{"class":62},[52,68505,38479],{"class":101},[52,68507,105],{"class":66},[52,68509,17596],{"class":108},[52,68511,112],{"class":66},[52,68513,68514],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,68515,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,68517,68518,68520,68522,68524],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,68519,118],{"class":101},[52,68521,105],{"class":66},[52,68523,41347],{"class":108},[52,68525,112],{"class":66},[20,68527,311],{},[43,68529,68530],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68531,68532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68533,68534],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68535,710],{"class":70},[20,68537,323],{},[153,68539,68540,68545,68552],{},[156,68541,68542,68544],{},[15,68543,17596],{}," is a list with 3 items",[156,68546,68547,2514,68550],{},[15,68548,68549],{},"len(colors)",[15,68551,445],{},[156,68553,68554,68555],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68556,41347],{},[20,68558,68559],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[43,68561,68563],{"className":45,"code":68562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68564,68565,68597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68566,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581,68583,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68568,13165],{"class":58},[52,68570,63],{"class":62},[52,68572,67],{"class":66},[52,68574,757],{"class":756},[52,68576,13182],{"class":760},[52,68578,757],{"class":756},[52,68580,74],{"class":66},[52,68582,768],{"class":756},[52,68584,17549],{"class":760},[52,68586,757],{"class":756},[52,68588,74],{"class":66},[52,68590,768],{"class":756},[52,68592,13199],{"class":760},[52,68594,757],{"class":756},[52,68596,90],{"class":66},[52,68598,68599,68601,68603,68605,68607,68609],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68600,118],{"class":101},[52,68602,105],{"class":66},[52,68604,11250],{"class":101},[52,68606,105],{"class":66},[52,68608,17596],{"class":108},[52,68610,510],{"class":66},[38,68612,68614],{"id":68613},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68616,68617,68618,242],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68619,207],{},[43,68621,68623],{"className":45,"code":68622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68624,68625,68633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68626,68627,68629,68631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68628,7863],{"class":58},[52,68630,63],{"class":62},[52,68632,7923],{"class":66},[52,68634,68635,68637,68639,68641,68643,68645],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68636,118],{"class":101},[52,68638,105],{"class":66},[52,68640,11250],{"class":101},[52,68642,105],{"class":66},[52,68644,7894],{"class":108},[52,68646,510],{"class":66},[20,68648,311],{},[43,68650,68651],{"className":45,"code":47335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68652,68653],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68654,68655],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68656,47335],{"class":70},[20,68658,68659],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[43,68661,68663],{"className":45,"code":68662,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68664,68665,68673,68677,68695,68709,68715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68666,68667,68669,68671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68668,7863],{"class":58},[52,68670,63],{"class":62},[52,68672,7923],{"class":66},[52,68674,68675],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68676,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,68678,68679,68681,68683,68685,68687,68689,68691,68693],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,68680,7079],{"class":1195},[52,68682,38479],{"class":101},[52,68684,105],{"class":66},[52,68686,7894],{"class":108},[52,68688,126],{"class":66},[52,68690,38489],{"class":62},[52,68692,3933],{"class":70},[52,68694,1689],{"class":66},[52,68696,68697,68699,68701,68703,68705,68707],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,68698,8154],{"class":101},[52,68700,105],{"class":66},[52,68702,7894],{"class":108},[52,68704,3994],{"class":66},[52,68706,207],{"class":70},[52,68708,1858],{"class":66},[52,68710,68711,68713],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,68712,27528],{"class":1195},[52,68714,1689],{"class":66},[52,68716,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,68718,8154],{"class":101},[52,68720,105],{"class":66},[52,68722,757],{"class":756},[52,68724,51900],{"class":760},[52,68726,757],{"class":756},[52,68728,112],{"class":66},[20,68730,311],{},[43,68732,68734],{"className":45,"code":68733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The list is empty\n",[15,68735,68736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68737,68738,68740,68742,68744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68739,2100],{"class":58},[52,68741,8179],{"class":1184},[52,68743,8182],{"class":62},[52,68745,8188],{"class":58},[20,68747,68748,68749,68751],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[236,68750,52853],{"href":51063}," is a good next step.",[38,68753,68755],{"id":68754},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68757,68758,68760,68761,68764],{},[15,68759,2007],{}," counts only the ",[3842,68762,68763],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68766,68767],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[43,68769,68771],{"className":45,"code":68770,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68772,68773,68809],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68774,68775,68777,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68776,9251],{"class":58},[52,68778,63],{"class":62},[52,68780,885],{"class":66},[52,68782,71],{"class":70},[52,68784,74],{"class":66},[52,68786,77],{"class":70},[52,68788,894],{"class":66},[52,68790,67],{"class":66},[52,68792,445],{"class":70},[52,68794,74],{"class":66},[52,68796,87],{"class":70},[52,68798,894],{"class":66},[52,68800,67],{"class":66},[52,68802,265],{"class":70},[52,68804,74],{"class":66},[52,68806,619],{"class":70},[52,68808,905],{"class":66},[52,68810,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68812,118],{"class":101},[52,68814,105],{"class":66},[52,68816,11250],{"class":101},[52,68818,105],{"class":66},[52,68820,9289],{"class":108},[52,68822,510],{"class":66},[20,68824,311],{},[43,68826,68827],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68828,68829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68830,68831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68832,710],{"class":70},[20,68834,68835],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68837,52161],{},[43,68839,68841],{"className":45,"code":68840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68842,68843,68869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68844,68845,68847,68849,68851,68853,68855,68857,68859,68861,68863,68865,68867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68846,59553],{"class":58},[52,68848,63],{"class":62},[52,68850,67],{"class":66},[52,68852,71],{"class":70},[52,68854,74],{"class":66},[52,68856,67],{"class":66},[52,68858,440],{"class":70},[52,68860,74],{"class":66},[52,68862,82],{"class":70},[52,68864,894],{"class":66},[52,68866,87],{"class":70},[52,68868,90],{"class":66},[52,68870,68871,68873,68875,68877,68879,68881],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68872,118],{"class":101},[52,68874,105],{"class":66},[52,68876,11250],{"class":101},[52,68878,105],{"class":66},[52,68880,59606],{"class":108},[52,68882,510],{"class":66},[20,68884,311],{},[43,68886,68887],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,68888,68889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68890,68891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68892,710],{"class":70},[20,68894,21072,68895,68898],{},[15,68896,68897],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[38,68900,4610],{"id":4609},[461,68902,1372,68904,11180,68907],{"id":68903},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68905,68906],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68908,68352],{},[20,68910,68911],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68913,16736],{},[43,68915,68917],{"className":45,"code":68916,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68918,68919,68939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68920,68921,68923,68925,68927,68929,68931,68933,68935,68937],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68922,59],{"class":58},[52,68924,63],{"class":62},[52,68926,67],{"class":66},[52,68928,430],{"class":70},[52,68930,74],{"class":66},[52,68932,7874],{"class":70},[52,68934,74],{"class":66},[52,68936,7879],{"class":70},[52,68938,90],{"class":66},[52,68940,68941,68943,68945,68947,68949,68951],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68942,118],{"class":101},[52,68944,105],{"class":66},[52,68946,109],{"class":108},[52,68948,242],{"class":66},[52,68950,11250],{"class":108},[52,68952,7276],{"class":66},[20,68954,16748],{},[43,68956,68958],{"className":45,"code":68957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68959,68960,68980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,68961,68962,68964,68966,68968,68970,68972,68974,68976,68978],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,68963,59],{"class":58},[52,68965,63],{"class":62},[52,68967,67],{"class":66},[52,68969,430],{"class":70},[52,68971,74],{"class":66},[52,68973,7874],{"class":70},[52,68975,74],{"class":66},[52,68977,7879],{"class":70},[52,68979,90],{"class":66},[52,68981,68982,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,68983,118],{"class":101},[52,68985,105],{"class":66},[52,68987,11250],{"class":101},[52,68989,105],{"class":66},[52,68991,109],{"class":108},[52,68993,510],{"class":66},[20,68995,68996,68998],{},[15,68997,2007],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[461,69000,25782],{"id":25781},[20,69002,16736],{},[43,69004,69006],{"className":45,"code":69005,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,69007,69008,69028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69009,69010,69012,69014,69016,69018,69020,69022,69024,69026],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69011,59],{"class":58},[52,69013,63],{"class":62},[52,69015,67],{"class":66},[52,69017,430],{"class":70},[52,69019,74],{"class":66},[52,69021,7874],{"class":70},[52,69023,74],{"class":66},[52,69025,7879],{"class":70},[52,69027,90],{"class":66},[52,69029,69030,69032,69034,69036],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69031,118],{"class":101},[52,69033,105],{"class":66},[52,69035,11250],{"class":101},[52,69037,112],{"class":66},[20,69039,69040],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,69042,16748],{},[43,69044,69045],{"className":45,"code":68957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69046,69047,69067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69048,69049,69051,69053,69055,69057,69059,69061,69063,69065],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69050,59],{"class":58},[52,69052,63],{"class":62},[52,69054,67],{"class":66},[52,69056,430],{"class":70},[52,69058,74],{"class":66},[52,69060,7874],{"class":70},[52,69062,74],{"class":66},[52,69064,7879],{"class":70},[52,69066,90],{"class":66},[52,69068,69069,69071,69073,69075,69077,69079],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69070,118],{"class":101},[52,69072,105],{"class":66},[52,69074,11250],{"class":101},[52,69076,105],{"class":66},[52,69078,109],{"class":108},[52,69080,510],{"class":66},[461,69082,69084],{"id":69083},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,69086,69087,69088,69090],{},"The length of a list is ",[3842,69089,4722],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,69092,2324],{},[43,69094,69096],{"className":45,"code":69095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,69097,69098,69130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69099,69100,69102,69104,69106,69108,69110,69112,69114,69116,69118,69120,69122,69124,69126,69128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69101,1387],{"class":58},[52,69103,63],{"class":62},[52,69105,67],{"class":66},[52,69107,757],{"class":756},[52,69109,236],{"class":760},[52,69111,757],{"class":756},[52,69113,74],{"class":66},[52,69115,768],{"class":756},[52,69117,4853],{"class":760},[52,69119,757],{"class":756},[52,69121,74],{"class":66},[52,69123,768],{"class":756},[52,69125,9825],{"class":760},[52,69127,757],{"class":756},[52,69129,90],{"class":66},[52,69131,69132,69134,69136,69138,69140,69142],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69133,118],{"class":101},[52,69135,105],{"class":66},[52,69137,11250],{"class":101},[52,69139,105],{"class":66},[52,69141,1458],{"class":108},[52,69143,510],{"class":66},[20,69145,311],{},[43,69147,69148],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69149,69150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69151,69152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69153,710],{"class":70},[20,69155,69156,69157,19057,69159,242],{},"But the last index is ",[15,69158,440],{},[15,69160,445],{},[20,69162,69163],{},"Indexes are:",[153,69165,69166,69173,69179],{},[156,69167,69168,69170,69171],{},[15,69169,207],{}," for ",[15,69172,18189],{},[156,69174,69175,69170,69177],{},[15,69176,71],{},[15,69178,65671],{},[156,69180,69181,69170,69183],{},[15,69182,440],{},[15,69184,66556],{},[20,69186,69187],{},"So this causes an error:",[43,69189,69191],{"className":45,"code":69190,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,69192,69193,69225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69194,69195,69197,69199,69201,69203,69205,69207,69209,69211,69213,69215,69217,69219,69221,69223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69196,1387],{"class":58},[52,69198,63],{"class":62},[52,69200,67],{"class":66},[52,69202,757],{"class":756},[52,69204,236],{"class":760},[52,69206,757],{"class":756},[52,69208,74],{"class":66},[52,69210,768],{"class":756},[52,69212,4853],{"class":760},[52,69214,757],{"class":756},[52,69216,74],{"class":66},[52,69218,768],{"class":756},[52,69220,9825],{"class":760},[52,69222,757],{"class":756},[52,69224,90],{"class":66},[52,69226,69227,69229,69231,69233,69235,69237,69239,69241],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69228,118],{"class":101},[52,69230,105],{"class":66},[52,69232,1458],{"class":108},[52,69234,3994],{"class":66},[52,69236,11250],{"class":101},[52,69238,105],{"class":66},[52,69240,1458],{"class":108},[52,69242,10766],{"class":66},[20,69244,8581,69245,4876,69248,69250,69251,69253],{},[15,69246,69247],{},"len(letters)",[15,69249,445],{},", and index ",[15,69252,445],{}," does not exist.",[20,69255,18934],{},[43,69257,69259],{"className":45,"code":69258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,69260,69261,69293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69262,69263,69265,69267,69269,69271,69273,69275,69277,69279,69281,69283,69285,69287,69289,69291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69264,1387],{"class":58},[52,69266,63],{"class":62},[52,69268,67],{"class":66},[52,69270,757],{"class":756},[52,69272,236],{"class":760},[52,69274,757],{"class":756},[52,69276,74],{"class":66},[52,69278,768],{"class":756},[52,69280,4853],{"class":760},[52,69282,757],{"class":756},[52,69284,74],{"class":66},[52,69286,768],{"class":756},[52,69288,9825],{"class":760},[52,69290,757],{"class":756},[52,69292,90],{"class":66},[52,69294,69295,69297,69299,69301,69303,69305,69307,69309,69311,69313,69315],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69296,118],{"class":101},[52,69298,105],{"class":66},[52,69300,1458],{"class":108},[52,69302,3994],{"class":66},[52,69304,11250],{"class":101},[52,69306,105],{"class":66},[52,69308,1458],{"class":108},[52,69310,126],{"class":66},[52,69312,2339],{"class":62},[52,69314,5586],{"class":70},[52,69316,1858],{"class":66},[20,69318,311],{},[43,69320,69322],{"className":45,"code":69321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"c\n",[15,69323,69324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69325,69326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69327,69321],{"class":58},[20,69329,69330,69331,242],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[236,69332,69334],{"href":69333},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[461,69336,1372,69338,69340],{"id":69337},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,69339,2007],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,69342,69343],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,69345,69346],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[43,69348,69350],{"className":45,"code":69349,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,69351,69352,69362,69376,69390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69353,69354,69356,69358,69360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69355,118],{"class":101},[52,69357,105],{"class":66},[52,69359,8425],{"class":108},[52,69361,112],{"class":66},[52,69363,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69365,118],{"class":101},[52,69367,105],{"class":66},[52,69369,11250],{"class":101},[52,69371,105],{"class":66},[52,69373,8425],{"class":108},[52,69375,510],{"class":66},[52,69377,69378,69380,69382,69384,69386,69388],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69379,118],{"class":101},[52,69381,105],{"class":66},[52,69383,1827],{"class":1184},[52,69385,105],{"class":66},[52,69387,8425],{"class":108},[52,69389,510],{"class":66},[52,69391,69392,69394,69396,69398,69400,69402],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,69393,118],{"class":101},[52,69395,105],{"class":66},[52,69397,8425],{"class":108},[52,69399,3994],{"class":66},[52,69401,207],{"class":70},[52,69403,1858],{"class":66},[20,69405,69406],{},"These help you verify:",[153,69408,69409,69412,69414,69417],{},[156,69410,69411],{},"what the variable contains",[156,69413,60860],{},[156,69415,69416],{},"whether it is really a list",[156,69418,69419],{},"what the first item is",[20,69421,69422,69423,69426],{},"Be careful with ",[15,69424,69425],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[38,69428,5054,69430,69432],{"id":69429},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,69431,2007],{}," with lists",[20,69434,69435,69436,69438],{},"You will often use ",[15,69437,2007],{}," in real programs.",[20,69440,9459],{},[153,69442,69443,69445,69448,69451],{},[156,69444,51854],{},[156,69446,69447],{},"Control loops",[156,69449,69450],{},"Validate input or results",[156,69452,69453],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,69455,69456],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[43,69458,69460],{"className":45,"code":69459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,69461,69462,69482,69498,69502,69516,69530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69463,69464,69466,69468,69470,69472,69474,69476,69478,69480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69465,2668],{"class":58},[52,69467,63],{"class":62},[52,69469,67],{"class":66},[52,69471,71],{"class":70},[52,69473,74],{"class":66},[52,69475,77],{"class":70},[52,69477,74],{"class":66},[52,69479,82],{"class":70},[52,69481,90],{"class":66},[52,69483,69484,69486,69488,69490,69492,69494,69496],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69485,2696],{"class":58},[52,69487,63],{"class":62},[52,69489,67],{"class":66},[52,69491,430],{"class":70},[52,69493,74],{"class":66},[52,69495,7874],{"class":70},[52,69497,90],{"class":66},[52,69499,69500],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69501,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,69503,69504,69506,69508,69510,69512,69514],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,69505,118],{"class":101},[52,69507,105],{"class":66},[52,69509,11250],{"class":101},[52,69511,105],{"class":66},[52,69513,236],{"class":108},[52,69515,510],{"class":66},[52,69517,69518,69520,69522,69524,69526,69528],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,69519,118],{"class":101},[52,69521,105],{"class":66},[52,69523,11250],{"class":101},[52,69525,105],{"class":66},[52,69527,4853],{"class":108},[52,69529,510],{"class":66},[52,69531,69532,69534,69536,69538,69540,69542,69544,69546,69548,69550,69552],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,69533,118],{"class":101},[52,69535,105],{"class":66},[52,69537,11250],{"class":101},[52,69539,105],{"class":66},[52,69541,236],{"class":108},[52,69543,126],{"class":66},[52,69545,38489],{"class":62},[52,69547,38479],{"class":101},[52,69549,105],{"class":66},[52,69551,4853],{"class":108},[52,69553,510],{"class":66},[20,69555,311],{},[43,69557,69559],{"className":45,"code":69558,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69560,69561,69565,69569],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69562,69563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69564,710],{"class":70},[52,69566,69567],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69568,17149],{"class":70},[52,69570,69571],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69572,4072],{"class":674},[20,69574,69575],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[43,69577,69579],{"className":45,"code":69578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69580,69581,69613,69617,69639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69582,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591,69593,69595,69597,69599,69601,69603,69605,69607,69609,69611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69584,5088],{"class":58},[52,69586,63],{"class":62},[52,69588,67],{"class":66},[52,69590,757],{"class":756},[52,69592,12969],{"class":760},[52,69594,757],{"class":756},[52,69596,74],{"class":66},[52,69598,768],{"class":756},[52,69600,36040],{"class":760},[52,69602,757],{"class":756},[52,69604,74],{"class":66},[52,69606,768],{"class":756},[52,69608,36049],{"class":760},[52,69610,757],{"class":756},[52,69612,90],{"class":66},[52,69614,69615],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69616,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,69618,69619,69621,69624,69626,69628,69630,69632,69634,69636],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69620,1678],{"class":1195},[52,69622,69623],{"class":58}," i ",[52,69625,1202],{"class":1195},[52,69627,54151],{"class":101},[52,69629,105],{"class":66},[52,69631,11250],{"class":101},[52,69633,105],{"class":66},[52,69635,5132],{"class":108},[52,69637,69638],{"class":66},")):\n",[52,69640,69641,69643,69645,69647,69649,69652,69654,69656],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,69642,8154],{"class":101},[52,69644,105],{"class":66},[52,69646,36250],{"class":108},[52,69648,74],{"class":66},[52,69650,69651],{"class":108}," names",[52,69653,3994],{"class":66},[52,69655,36250],{"class":108},[52,69657,1858],{"class":66},[20,69659,311],{},[43,69661,69662],{"className":45,"code":36098,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,69663,69664,69670,69676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69665,69666,69668],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69667,207],{"class":70},[52,69669,36107],{"class":58},[52,69671,69672,69674],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69673,71],{"class":70},[52,69675,36114],{"class":58},[52,69677,69678,69680],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69679,440],{"class":70},[52,69681,36121],{"class":58},[20,69683,69684,69685,242],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[236,69686,69688],{"href":69687},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69690,69691,69692,69694],{},"You can also read ",[236,69693,51631],{"href":51630}," for a task-focused guide.",[38,69696,1919],{"id":1918},[461,69698,69700],{"id":69699},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69702,133,69703,69706],{},[15,69704,69705],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[461,69708,1923,69710,12804],{"id":69709},"what-does-len-return",[15,69711,69712],{},"len([])",[20,69714,5240,69715,69717],{},[15,69716,207],{}," because the list is empty.",[461,69719,69721],{"id":69720},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69723,69724],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[461,69726,28423,69728,69730],{"id":69727},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69729,68906],{}," in Python?",[20,69732,1939,69733,8308,69735,69737],{},[15,69734,68352],{},[15,69736,2007],{}," is a built-in function.",[38,69739,1986],{"id":1985},[153,69741,69742,69748,69752,69756,69760],{},[156,69743,69744],{},[236,69745,13,69746,1999],{"href":2004},[15,69747,2007],{},[156,69749,69750],{},[236,69751,52672],{"href":51630},[156,69753,69754],{},[236,69755,52853],{"href":51063},[156,69757,69758],{},[236,69759,69334],{"href":69333},[156,69761,69762],{},[236,69763,69764],{"href":69687},"How to loop through a list in Python",[2029,69766,69767],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":69769},[69770,69771,69773,69774,69775,69776,69784,69786,69794],{"id":15253,"depth":93,"text":15254},{"id":68344,"depth":93,"text":69772},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5874,"depth":93,"text":5875},{"id":68613,"depth":93,"text":68614},{"id":68754,"depth":93,"text":68755},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":69777},[69778,69780,69781,69782],{"id":68903,"depth":115,"text":69779},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25781,"depth":115,"text":25782},{"id":69083,"depth":115,"text":69084},{"id":69337,"depth":115,"text":69783},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":69429,"depth":93,"text":69785},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":69787},[69788,69789,69791,69792],{"id":69699,"depth":115,"text":69700},{"id":69709,"depth":115,"text":69790},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69720,"depth":115,"text":69721},{"id":69727,"depth":115,"text":69793},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":68239,"description":69795},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69801,"title":69802,"body":69803,"description":71784,"extension":2083,"meta":71785,"navigation":296,"path":71786,"seo":71787,"stem":71788,"__hash__":71789},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69804,"toc":71757},[69805,69808,69813,69816,69824,69837,69839,69904,69906,69927,69932,69936,69941,69949,69951,69961,69963,70044,70046,70076,70078,70097,70102,70119,70121,70205,70207,70237,70242,70246,70252,70336,70338,70368,70371,70375,70378,70469,70471,70509,70512,70597,70599,70629,70635,70642,70646,70651,70660,70662,70747,70749,70778,70781,70789,70793,70797,70806,70829,70831,70853,70855,70869,70871,70931,70935,70940,70979,70981,70998,71000,71010,71109,71114,71118,71123,71166,71168,71196,71198,71212,71287,71289,71311,71315,71318,71323,71334,71339,71347,71350,71421,71423,71448,71505,71507,71528,71537,71545,71550,71552,71557,71578,71581,71656,71659,71673,71680,71682,71686,71692,71696,71706,71710,71717,71721,71727,71729,71754],[10,69806,69802],{"id":69807},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69809,69810,69812],{},[15,69811,55162],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69814,69815],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[153,69817,69818,69821],{},[156,69819,69820],{},"delete an item from a list",[156,69822,69823],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69825,69826,69827,69829,69830,8791,69832,69836],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69828,12851],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69831,12851],{},[236,69833,69834],{"href":55152},[15,69835,55609],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[38,69838,41],{"id":40},[43,69840,69842],{"className":45,"code":69841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69843,69844,69864,69879,69883,69894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69845,69846,69848,69850,69852,69854,69856,69858,69860,69862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69847,59],{"class":58},[52,69849,63],{"class":62},[52,69851,67],{"class":66},[52,69853,430],{"class":70},[52,69855,74],{"class":66},[52,69857,7874],{"class":70},[52,69859,74],{"class":66},[52,69861,7879],{"class":70},[52,69863,90],{"class":66},[52,69865,69866,69869,69871,69873,69875,69877],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69867,69868],{"class":58},"last_item ",[52,69870,63],{"class":62},[52,69872,1686],{"class":58},[52,69874,242],{"class":66},[52,69876,26336],{"class":108},[52,69878,8729],{"class":66},[52,69880,69881],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,69882,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,69884,69885,69887,69889,69892],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,69886,118],{"class":101},[52,69888,105],{"class":66},[52,69890,69891],{"class":108},"last_item",[52,69893,112],{"class":66},[52,69895,69896,69898,69900,69902],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,69897,118],{"class":101},[52,69899,105],{"class":66},[52,69901,109],{"class":108},[52,69903,112],{"class":66},[20,69905,311],{},[43,69907,69909],{"className":45,"code":69908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69910,69911,69915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69912,69913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69914,314],{"class":70},[52,69916,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,69918,3994],{"class":66},[52,69920,430],{"class":70},[52,69922,74],{"class":66},[52,69924,7874],{"class":70},[52,69926,90],{"class":66},[20,69928,133,69929,69931],{},[15,69930,12851],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[38,69933,69935],{"id":69934},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69937,69938,69940],{},[15,69939,12851],{}," has two main jobs:",[153,69942,69943,69946],{},[156,69944,69945],{},"It removes one item from a list",[156,69947,69948],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69950,43734],{},[153,69952,69953,69956,69959],{},[156,69954,69955],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[156,69957,69958],{},"It changes the original list",[156,69960,52827],{},[20,69962,2324],{},[43,69964,69966],{"className":45,"code":69965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69967,69968,70000,70004,70019,70023,70034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,69969,69970,69972,69974,69976,69978,69980,69982,69984,69986,69988,69990,69992,69994,69996,69998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,69971,13165],{"class":58},[52,69973,63],{"class":62},[52,69975,67],{"class":66},[52,69977,757],{"class":756},[52,69979,13182],{"class":760},[52,69981,757],{"class":756},[52,69983,74],{"class":66},[52,69985,768],{"class":756},[52,69987,17549],{"class":760},[52,69989,757],{"class":756},[52,69991,74],{"class":66},[52,69993,768],{"class":756},[52,69995,13199],{"class":760},[52,69997,757],{"class":756},[52,69999,90],{"class":66},[52,70001,70002],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70003,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70005,70006,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70007,70008],{"class":58},"removed ",[52,70010,63],{"class":62},[52,70012,13213],{"class":58},[52,70014,242],{"class":66},[52,70016,26336],{"class":108},[52,70018,8729],{"class":66},[52,70020,70021],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,70022,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70024,70025,70027,70029,70032],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,70026,118],{"class":101},[52,70028,105],{"class":66},[52,70030,70031],{"class":108},"removed",[52,70033,112],{"class":66},[52,70035,70036,70038,70040,70042],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,70037,118],{"class":101},[52,70039,105],{"class":66},[52,70041,17596],{"class":108},[52,70043,112],{"class":66},[20,70045,311],{},[43,70047,70049],{"className":45,"code":70048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,70050,70051,70056],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70052,70053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70054,70055],{"class":58},"blue\n",[52,70057,70058,70060,70062,70064,70066,70068,70070,70072,70074],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70059,3994],{"class":66},[52,70061,3406],{"class":756},[52,70063,13182],{"class":760},[52,70065,3406],{"class":756},[52,70067,74],{"class":66},[52,70069,3401],{"class":756},[52,70071,17549],{"class":760},[52,70073,3406],{"class":756},[52,70075,90],{"class":66},[38,70077,181],{"id":180},[43,70079,70081],{"className":45,"code":70080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,70082,70083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70084,70085,70087,70089,70091,70093,70095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70086,8179],{"class":1184},[52,70088,242],{"class":66},[52,70090,26336],{"class":108},[52,70092,1058],{"class":66},[52,70094,35945],{"class":108},[52,70096,1858],{"class":66},[20,70098,2100,70099,70101],{},[15,70100,35945],{}," is optional.",[153,70103,70104,70110,70116],{},[156,70105,70106,70107,70109],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,70108,12851],{}," removes the last item",[156,70111,70112,70113,70115],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,70114,12851],{}," removes the item at that position",[156,70117,70118],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,70120,2324],{},[43,70122,70124],{"className":45,"code":70123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,70125,70126,70158,70162,70181,70185,70195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70127,70128,70130,70132,70134,70136,70138,70140,70142,70144,70146,70148,70150,70152,70154,70156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70129,1387],{"class":58},[52,70131,63],{"class":62},[52,70133,67],{"class":66},[52,70135,757],{"class":756},[52,70137,236],{"class":760},[52,70139,757],{"class":756},[52,70141,74],{"class":66},[52,70143,768],{"class":756},[52,70145,4853],{"class":760},[52,70147,757],{"class":756},[52,70149,74],{"class":66},[52,70151,768],{"class":756},[52,70153,9825],{"class":760},[52,70155,757],{"class":756},[52,70157,90],{"class":66},[52,70159,70160],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70161,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70163,70164,70166,70168,70171,70173,70175,70177,70179],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70165,28633],{"class":58},[52,70167,63],{"class":62},[52,70169,70170],{"class":58}," letters",[52,70172,242],{"class":66},[52,70174,26336],{"class":108},[52,70176,105],{"class":66},[52,70178,71],{"class":70},[52,70180,112],{"class":66},[52,70182,70183],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,70184,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70186,70187,70189,70191,70193],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,70188,118],{"class":101},[52,70190,105],{"class":66},[52,70192,23406],{"class":108},[52,70194,112],{"class":66},[52,70196,70197,70199,70201,70203],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,70198,118],{"class":101},[52,70200,105],{"class":66},[52,70202,1458],{"class":108},[52,70204,112],{"class":66},[20,70206,311],{},[43,70208,70210],{"className":45,"code":70209,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,70211,70212,70217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70213,70214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70215,70216],{"class":58},"b\n",[52,70218,70219,70221,70223,70225,70227,70229,70231,70233,70235],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70220,3994],{"class":66},[52,70222,3406],{"class":756},[52,70224,236],{"class":760},[52,70226,3406],{"class":756},[52,70228,74],{"class":66},[52,70230,3401],{"class":756},[52,70232,9825],{"class":760},[52,70234,3406],{"class":756},[52,70236,90],{"class":66},[20,70238,70239,70240,242],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[236,70241,52853],{"href":51063},[38,70243,70245],{"id":70244},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,70247,70248,70249,70251],{},"When you call ",[15,70250,12851],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[43,70253,70255],{"className":45,"code":70254,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,70256,70257,70292,70296,70311,70315,70326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70258,70259,70261,70263,70265,70267,70270,70272,70274,70276,70279,70281,70283,70285,70288,70290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70260,29993],{"class":58},[52,70262,63],{"class":62},[52,70264,67],{"class":66},[52,70266,757],{"class":756},[52,70268,70269],{"class":760},"write",[52,70271,757],{"class":756},[52,70273,74],{"class":66},[52,70275,768],{"class":756},[52,70277,70278],{"class":760},"test",[52,70280,757],{"class":756},[52,70282,74],{"class":66},[52,70284,768],{"class":756},[52,70286,70287],{"class":760},"submit",[52,70289,757],{"class":756},[52,70291,90],{"class":66},[52,70293,70294],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70295,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70297,70298,70301,70303,70305,70307,70309],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70299,70300],{"class":58},"last_task ",[52,70302,63],{"class":62},[52,70304,30071],{"class":58},[52,70306,242],{"class":66},[52,70308,26336],{"class":108},[52,70310,8729],{"class":66},[52,70312,70313],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,70314,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70316,70317,70319,70321,70324],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,70318,118],{"class":101},[52,70320,105],{"class":66},[52,70322,70323],{"class":108},"last_task",[52,70325,112],{"class":66},[52,70327,70328,70330,70332,70334],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,70329,118],{"class":101},[52,70331,105],{"class":66},[52,70333,36600],{"class":108},[52,70335,112],{"class":66},[20,70337,311],{},[43,70339,70341],{"className":45,"code":70340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,70342,70343,70348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70344,70345],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70346,70347],{"class":58},"submit\n",[52,70349,70350,70352,70354,70356,70358,70360,70362,70364,70366],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70351,3994],{"class":66},[52,70353,3406],{"class":756},[52,70355,70269],{"class":760},[52,70357,3406],{"class":756},[52,70359,74],{"class":66},[52,70361,3401],{"class":756},[52,70363,70278],{"class":760},[52,70365,3406],{"class":756},[52,70367,90],{"class":66},[20,70369,70370],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[38,70372,70374],{"id":70373},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,70376,70377],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[43,70379,70381],{"className":45,"code":70380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70382,70383,70423,70427,70445,70449,70459],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70384,70385,70387,70389,70391,70393,70395,70397,70399,70401,70403,70405,70407,70409,70411,70413,70415,70417,70419,70421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70386,36333],{"class":58},[52,70388,63],{"class":62},[52,70390,67],{"class":66},[52,70392,757],{"class":756},[52,70394,4171],{"class":760},[52,70396,757],{"class":756},[52,70398,74],{"class":66},[52,70400,768],{"class":756},[52,70402,4180],{"class":760},[52,70404,757],{"class":756},[52,70406,74],{"class":66},[52,70408,768],{"class":756},[52,70410,4189],{"class":760},[52,70412,757],{"class":756},[52,70414,74],{"class":66},[52,70416,768],{"class":756},[52,70418,33317],{"class":760},[52,70420,757],{"class":756},[52,70422,90],{"class":66},[52,70424,70425],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70426,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70428,70429,70431,70433,70435,70437,70439,70441,70443],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70430,70008],{"class":58},[52,70432,63],{"class":62},[52,70434,52933],{"class":58},[52,70436,242],{"class":66},[52,70438,26336],{"class":108},[52,70440,105],{"class":66},[52,70442,71],{"class":70},[52,70444,112],{"class":66},[52,70446,70447],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,70448,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70450,70451,70453,70455,70457],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,70452,118],{"class":101},[52,70454,105],{"class":66},[52,70456,70031],{"class":108},[52,70458,112],{"class":66},[52,70460,70461,70463,70465,70467],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,70462,118],{"class":101},[52,70464,105],{"class":66},[52,70466,36385],{"class":108},[52,70468,112],{"class":66},[20,70470,311],{},[43,70472,70474],{"className":45,"code":70473,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,70475,70476,70481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70477,70478],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70479,70480],{"class":58},"banana\n",[52,70482,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493,70495,70497,70499,70501,70503,70505,70507],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70484,3994],{"class":66},[52,70486,3406],{"class":756},[52,70488,4171],{"class":760},[52,70490,3406],{"class":756},[52,70492,74],{"class":66},[52,70494,3401],{"class":756},[52,70496,4189],{"class":760},[52,70498,3406],{"class":756},[52,70500,74],{"class":66},[52,70502,3401],{"class":756},[52,70504,33317],{"class":760},[52,70506,3406],{"class":756},[52,70508,90],{"class":66},[20,70510,70511],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[43,70513,70515],{"className":45,"code":70514,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70516,70517,70549,70553,70573,70577,70587],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70518,70519,70521,70523,70525,70527,70529,70531,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70520,36333],{"class":58},[52,70522,63],{"class":62},[52,70524,67],{"class":66},[52,70526,757],{"class":756},[52,70528,4171],{"class":760},[52,70530,757],{"class":756},[52,70532,74],{"class":66},[52,70534,768],{"class":756},[52,70536,4180],{"class":760},[52,70538,757],{"class":756},[52,70540,74],{"class":66},[52,70542,768],{"class":756},[52,70544,4189],{"class":760},[52,70546,757],{"class":756},[52,70548,90],{"class":66},[52,70550,70551],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70552,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70554,70555,70557,70559,70561,70563,70565,70567,70569,70571],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70556,70008],{"class":58},[52,70558,63],{"class":62},[52,70560,52933],{"class":58},[52,70562,242],{"class":66},[52,70564,26336],{"class":108},[52,70566,105],{"class":66},[52,70568,2142],{"class":62},[52,70570,71],{"class":70},[52,70572,112],{"class":66},[52,70574,70575],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,70576,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70578,70579,70581,70583,70585],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,70580,118],{"class":101},[52,70582,105],{"class":66},[52,70584,70031],{"class":108},[52,70586,112],{"class":66},[52,70588,70589,70591,70593,70595],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,70590,118],{"class":101},[52,70592,105],{"class":66},[52,70594,36385],{"class":108},[52,70596,112],{"class":66},[20,70598,311],{},[43,70600,70602],{"className":45,"code":70601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70603,70604,70609],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70605,70606],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70607,70608],{"class":58},"cherry\n",[52,70610,70611,70613,70615,70617,70619,70621,70623,70625,70627],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70612,3994],{"class":66},[52,70614,3406],{"class":756},[52,70616,4171],{"class":760},[52,70618,3406],{"class":756},[52,70620,74],{"class":66},[52,70622,3401],{"class":756},[52,70624,4180],{"class":760},[52,70626,3406],{"class":756},[52,70628,90],{"class":66},[20,70630,70631,70632,70634],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70633,65930],{}," means the last item.",[20,70636,70637,70638,242],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[236,70639,70640,10828],{"href":59045},[15,70641,64941],{},[38,70643,70645],{"id":70644},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70647,70648,70650],{},[15,70649,12851],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70652,70653,70654,652,70656,242],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70655,12851],{},[236,70657,70658],{"href":55152},[15,70659,55609],{},[20,70661,2324],{},[43,70663,70665],{"className":45,"code":70664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70666,70667,70699,70703,70722,70726,70737],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70668,70669,70671,70673,70675,70677,70679,70681,70683,70685,70687,70689,70691,70693,70695,70697],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70670,5088],{"class":58},[52,70672,63],{"class":62},[52,70674,67],{"class":66},[52,70676,757],{"class":756},[52,70678,12969],{"class":760},[52,70680,757],{"class":756},[52,70682,74],{"class":66},[52,70684,768],{"class":756},[52,70686,36040],{"class":760},[52,70688,757],{"class":756},[52,70690,74],{"class":66},[52,70692,768],{"class":756},[52,70694,36049],{"class":760},[52,70696,757],{"class":756},[52,70698,90],{"class":66},[52,70700,70701],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70702,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70704,70705,70708,70710,70712,70714,70716,70718,70720],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70706,70707],{"class":58},"removed_name ",[52,70709,63],{"class":62},[52,70711,69651],{"class":58},[52,70713,242],{"class":66},[52,70715,26336],{"class":108},[52,70717,105],{"class":66},[52,70719,207],{"class":70},[52,70721,112],{"class":66},[52,70723,70724],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,70725,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70727,70728,70730,70732,70735],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,70729,118],{"class":101},[52,70731,105],{"class":66},[52,70733,70734],{"class":108},"removed_name",[52,70736,112],{"class":66},[52,70738,70739,70741,70743,70745],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,70740,118],{"class":101},[52,70742,105],{"class":66},[52,70744,5132],{"class":108},[52,70746,112],{"class":66},[20,70748,311],{},[43,70750,70752],{"className":45,"code":70751,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70753,70754,70758],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70755,70756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70757,50123],{"class":58},[52,70759,70760,70762,70764,70766,70768,70770,70772,70774,70776],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70761,3994],{"class":66},[52,70763,3406],{"class":756},[52,70765,36040],{"class":760},[52,70767,3406],{"class":756},[52,70769,74],{"class":66},[52,70771,3401],{"class":756},[52,70773,36049],{"class":760},[52,70775,3406],{"class":756},[52,70777,90],{"class":66},[20,70779,70780],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70782,70783,70784,70786,70787,242],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70785,55609],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70788,3878],{},[38,70790,70792],{"id":70791},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[461,70794,70796],{"id":70795},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70798,70799,70800,70802,70803,242],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70801,12851],{}," raises an ",[15,70804,70805],{},"IndexError",[43,70807,70809],{"className":45,"code":70808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70810,70811,70819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70812,70813,70815,70817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70814,7863],{"class":58},[52,70816,63],{"class":62},[52,70818,7923],{"class":66},[52,70820,70821,70823,70825,70827],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70822,7894],{"class":58},[52,70824,242],{"class":66},[52,70826,26336],{"class":108},[52,70828,8729],{"class":66},[20,70830,311],{},[43,70832,70834],{"className":45,"code":70833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70835,70836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70837,70838,70840,70842,70845,70848,70851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70839,70805],{"class":1184},[52,70841,1772],{"class":66},[52,70843,70844],{"class":58}," pop ",[52,70846,70847],{"class":1195},"from",[52,70849,70850],{"class":58}," empty ",[52,70852,49969],{"class":1184},[20,70854,39354],{},[153,70856,70857,70862],{},[156,70858,70859,70860],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70861,12851],{},[156,70863,70864,70865,652,70867],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70866,29899],{},[15,70868,29930],{},[20,70870,2324],{},[43,70872,70874],{"className":45,"code":70873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70875,70876,70884,70888,70896,70910,70916],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70877,70878,70880,70882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70879,7863],{"class":58},[52,70881,63],{"class":62},[52,70883,7923],{"class":66},[52,70885,70886],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70887,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,70889,70890,70892,70894],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,70891,7079],{"class":1195},[52,70893,6053],{"class":58},[52,70895,1689],{"class":66},[52,70897,70898,70900,70902,70904,70906,70908],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,70899,8154],{"class":101},[52,70901,105],{"class":66},[52,70903,7894],{"class":108},[52,70905,242],{"class":66},[52,70907,26336],{"class":108},[52,70909,7276],{"class":66},[52,70911,70912,70914],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,70913,27528],{"class":1195},[52,70915,1689],{"class":66},[52,70917,70918,70920,70922,70924,70927,70929],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,70919,8154],{"class":101},[52,70921,105],{"class":66},[52,70923,757],{"class":756},[52,70925,70926],{"class":760},"The list is empty.",[52,70928,757],{"class":756},[52,70930,112],{"class":66},[461,70932,70934],{"id":70933},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70936,70937,70938,242],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70939,70805],{},[43,70941,70943],{"className":45,"code":70942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70944,70945,70965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70946,70947,70949,70951,70953,70955,70957,70959,70961,70963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70948,59],{"class":58},[52,70950,63],{"class":62},[52,70952,67],{"class":66},[52,70954,430],{"class":70},[52,70956,74],{"class":66},[52,70958,7874],{"class":70},[52,70960,74],{"class":66},[52,70962,7879],{"class":70},[52,70964,90],{"class":66},[52,70966,70967,70969,70971,70973,70975,70977],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,70968,109],{"class":58},[52,70970,242],{"class":66},[52,70972,26336],{"class":108},[52,70974,105],{"class":66},[52,70976,265],{"class":70},[52,70978,112],{"class":66},[20,70980,311],{},[43,70982,70984],{"className":45,"code":70983,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70985,70986],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,70987,70988,70990,70992,70995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,70989,70805],{"class":1184},[52,70991,1772],{"class":66},[52,70993,70994],{"class":58}," pop index out of ",[52,70996,70997],{"class":101},"range\n",[20,70999,39354],{},[153,71001,71002,71007],{},[156,71003,71004,71005],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,71006,2007],{},[156,71008,71009],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[43,71011,71013],{"className":45,"code":71012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,71014,71015,71035,71044,71048,71070,71088,71094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71016,71017,71019,71021,71023,71025,71027,71029,71031,71033],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71018,59],{"class":58},[52,71020,63],{"class":62},[52,71022,67],{"class":66},[52,71024,430],{"class":70},[52,71026,74],{"class":66},[52,71028,7874],{"class":70},[52,71030,74],{"class":66},[52,71032,7879],{"class":70},[52,71034,90],{"class":66},[52,71036,71037,71040,71042],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71038,71039],{"class":58},"index ",[52,71041,63],{"class":62},[52,71043,45674],{"class":70},[52,71045,71046],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71047,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,71049,71050,71052,71054,71057,71060,71062,71064,71066,71068],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,71051,7079],{"class":1195},[52,71053,3933],{"class":70},[52,71055,71056],{"class":62}," \u003C=",[52,71058,71059],{"class":58}," index ",[52,71061,3395],{"class":62},[52,71063,38479],{"class":101},[52,71065,105],{"class":66},[52,71067,109],{"class":108},[52,71069,8428],{"class":66},[52,71071,71072,71074,71076,71078,71080,71082,71084,71086],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,71073,8154],{"class":101},[52,71075,105],{"class":66},[52,71077,109],{"class":108},[52,71079,242],{"class":66},[52,71081,26336],{"class":108},[52,71083,105],{"class":66},[52,71085,35945],{"class":108},[52,71087,510],{"class":66},[52,71089,71090,71092],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,71091,27528],{"class":1195},[52,71093,1689],{"class":66},[52,71095,71096,71098,71100,71102,71105,71107],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,71097,8154],{"class":101},[52,71099,105],{"class":66},[52,71101,757],{"class":756},[52,71103,71104],{"class":760},"Index is out of range.",[52,71106,757],{"class":756},[52,71108,112],{"class":66},[20,71110,71111,71112,242],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[236,71113,69334],{"href":69333},[461,71115,71117],{"id":71116},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,71119,71120,71122],{},[15,71121,12851],{}," expects an integer index.",[43,71124,71126],{"className":45,"code":71125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,71127,71128,71148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71129,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138,71140,71142,71144,71146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71131,59],{"class":58},[52,71133,63],{"class":62},[52,71135,67],{"class":66},[52,71137,430],{"class":70},[52,71139,74],{"class":66},[52,71141,7874],{"class":70},[52,71143,74],{"class":66},[52,71145,7879],{"class":70},[52,71147,90],{"class":66},[52,71149,71150,71152,71154,71156,71158,71160,71162,71164],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71151,109],{"class":58},[52,71153,242],{"class":66},[52,71155,26336],{"class":108},[52,71157,105],{"class":66},[52,71159,757],{"class":756},[52,71161,71],{"class":760},[52,71163,757],{"class":756},[52,71165,112],{"class":66},[20,71167,311],{},[43,71169,71171],{"className":45,"code":71170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,71172,71173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71174,71175,71177,71179,71181,71183,71185,71187,71190,71193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71176,1979],{"class":1184},[52,71178,1772],{"class":66},[52,71180,3401],{"class":756},[52,71182,3550],{"class":760},[52,71184,3406],{"class":756},[52,71186,241],{"class":1184},[52,71188,71189],{"class":58}," cannot be interpreted ",[52,71191,71192],{"class":1195},"as",[52,71194,71195],{"class":58}," an integer\n",[20,71197,39354],{},[153,71199,71200,71209],{},[156,71201,71202,71203,2305,71205,2309,71207],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,71204,207],{},[15,71206,71],{},[15,71208,65930],{},[156,71210,71211],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[43,71213,71215],{"className":45,"code":71214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71216,71217,71237,71255,71259,71277],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71218,71219,71221,71223,71225,71227,71229,71231,71233,71235],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71220,59],{"class":58},[52,71222,63],{"class":62},[52,71224,67],{"class":66},[52,71226,430],{"class":70},[52,71228,74],{"class":66},[52,71230,7874],{"class":70},[52,71232,74],{"class":66},[52,71234,7879],{"class":70},[52,71236,90],{"class":66},[52,71238,71239,71241,71243,71245,71247,71249,71251,71253],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71240,71039],{"class":58},[52,71242,63],{"class":62},[52,71244,45361],{"class":1184},[52,71246,105],{"class":66},[52,71248,757],{"class":756},[52,71250,71],{"class":760},[52,71252,757],{"class":756},[52,71254,112],{"class":66},[52,71256,71257],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71258,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,71260,71261,71263,71265,71267,71269,71271,71273,71275],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,71262,118],{"class":101},[52,71264,105],{"class":66},[52,71266,109],{"class":108},[52,71268,242],{"class":66},[52,71270,26336],{"class":108},[52,71272,105],{"class":66},[52,71274,35945],{"class":108},[52,71276,510],{"class":66},[52,71278,71279,71281,71283,71285],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,71280,118],{"class":101},[52,71282,105],{"class":66},[52,71284,109],{"class":108},[52,71286,112],{"class":66},[20,71288,311],{},[43,71290,71292],{"className":45,"code":71291,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,71293,71294,71299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71295,71296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71297,71298],{"class":70},"20\n",[52,71300,71301,71303,71305,71307,71309],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71302,3994],{"class":66},[52,71304,430],{"class":70},[52,71306,74],{"class":66},[52,71308,7879],{"class":70},[52,71310,90],{"class":66},[38,71312,71314],{"id":71313},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,71316,71317],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[461,71319,133,71321,10688],{"id":71320},"use-pop-when",[15,71322,12851],{},[153,71324,71325,71328,71331],{},[156,71326,71327],{},"you want to remove by index",[156,71329,71330],{},"you want the removed item returned",[156,71332,71333],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[461,71335,133,71337,10688],{"id":71336},"use-remove-when",[15,71338,55609],{},[153,71340,71341,71344],{},[156,71342,71343],{},"you want to remove by value",[156,71345,71346],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,71348,71349],{},"Compare these examples:",[43,71351,71353],{"className":45,"code":71352,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71354,71355,71379,71383,71401,71411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71356,71357,71359,71361,71363,71365,71367,71369,71371,71373,71375,71377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71358,59],{"class":58},[52,71360,63],{"class":62},[52,71362,67],{"class":66},[52,71364,430],{"class":70},[52,71366,74],{"class":66},[52,71368,7874],{"class":70},[52,71370,74],{"class":66},[52,71372,7879],{"class":70},[52,71374,74],{"class":66},[52,71376,7874],{"class":70},[52,71378,90],{"class":66},[52,71380,71381],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71382,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,71384,71385,71387,71389,71391,71393,71395,71397,71399],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71386,70008],{"class":58},[52,71388,63],{"class":62},[52,71390,1686],{"class":58},[52,71392,242],{"class":66},[52,71394,26336],{"class":108},[52,71396,105],{"class":66},[52,71398,71],{"class":70},[52,71400,112],{"class":66},[52,71402,71403,71405,71407,71409],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,71404,118],{"class":101},[52,71406,105],{"class":66},[52,71408,70031],{"class":108},[52,71410,112],{"class":66},[52,71412,71413,71415,71417,71419],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,71414,118],{"class":101},[52,71416,105],{"class":66},[52,71418,109],{"class":108},[52,71420,112],{"class":66},[20,71422,311],{},[43,71424,71426],{"className":45,"code":71425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71427,71428,71432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71429,71430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71431,71298],{"class":70},[52,71433,71434,71436,71438,71440,71442,71444,71446],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71435,3994],{"class":66},[52,71437,430],{"class":70},[52,71439,74],{"class":66},[52,71441,7879],{"class":70},[52,71443,74],{"class":66},[52,71445,7874],{"class":70},[52,71447,90],{"class":66},[43,71449,71451],{"className":45,"code":71450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,71452,71453,71477,71481,71495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71454,71455,71457,71459,71461,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71456,59],{"class":58},[52,71458,63],{"class":62},[52,71460,67],{"class":66},[52,71462,430],{"class":70},[52,71464,74],{"class":66},[52,71466,7874],{"class":70},[52,71468,74],{"class":66},[52,71470,7879],{"class":70},[52,71472,74],{"class":66},[52,71474,7874],{"class":70},[52,71476,90],{"class":66},[52,71478,71479],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71480,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,71482,71483,71485,71487,71489,71491,71493],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71484,109],{"class":58},[52,71486,242],{"class":66},[52,71488,34892],{"class":108},[52,71490,105],{"class":66},[52,71492,15846],{"class":70},[52,71494,112],{"class":66},[52,71496,71497,71499,71501,71503],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,71498,118],{"class":101},[52,71500,105],{"class":66},[52,71502,109],{"class":108},[52,71504,112],{"class":66},[20,71506,311],{},[43,71508,71510],{"className":45,"code":71509,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71511,71512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71513,71514,71516,71518,71520,71522,71524,71526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71515,3994],{"class":66},[52,71517,430],{"class":70},[52,71519,74],{"class":66},[52,71521,7879],{"class":70},[52,71523,74],{"class":66},[52,71525,7874],{"class":70},[52,71527,90],{"class":66},[20,71529,71530,71531,71534,71535,242],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71532,71533],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71536,71],{},[20,71538,56684,71539,71542,71543,242],{},[15,71540,71541],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71544,15846],{},[20,71546,71547,71548,242],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[236,71549,55148],{"href":55147},[38,71551,1766],{"id":1765},[20,71553,71554,71555,1772],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71556,12851],{},[153,71558,71559,71562,71565,71571,71575],{},[156,71560,71561],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[156,71563,71564],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[156,71566,37298,71567,8791,71569],{},[15,71568,12851],{},[15,71570,55609],{},[156,71572,8538,71573,62048],{},[15,71574,12851],{},[156,71576,71577],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71579,71580],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[43,71582,71584],{"className":45,"code":71583,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71585,71586,71596,71610,71624,71642],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71587,71588,71590,71592,71594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71589,118],{"class":101},[52,71591,105],{"class":66},[52,71593,8425],{"class":108},[52,71595,112],{"class":66},[52,71597,71598,71600,71602,71604,71606,71608],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71599,118],{"class":101},[52,71601,105],{"class":66},[52,71603,11250],{"class":101},[52,71605,105],{"class":66},[52,71607,8425],{"class":108},[52,71609,510],{"class":66},[52,71611,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620,71622],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71613,118],{"class":101},[52,71615,105],{"class":66},[52,71617,8425],{"class":108},[52,71619,242],{"class":66},[52,71621,26336],{"class":108},[52,71623,7276],{"class":66},[52,71625,71626,71628,71630,71632,71634,71636,71638,71640],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,71627,118],{"class":101},[52,71629,105],{"class":66},[52,71631,8425],{"class":108},[52,71633,242],{"class":66},[52,71635,26336],{"class":108},[52,71637,105],{"class":66},[52,71639,207],{"class":70},[52,71641,510],{"class":66},[52,71643,71644,71646,71648,71650,71652,71654],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,71645,118],{"class":101},[52,71647,105],{"class":66},[52,71649,1827],{"class":1184},[52,71651,105],{"class":66},[52,71653,35945],{"class":108},[52,71655,510],{"class":66},[20,71657,71658],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[153,71660,71661,71667],{},[156,71662,71663,71666],{},[15,71664,71665],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[156,71668,71669,71672],{},[15,71670,71671],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71674,71675,71676,71679],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71677,71678],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[38,71681,1919],{"id":1918},[461,71683,71685],{"id":71684},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71687,71688,71689,71691],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71690,12851],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[461,71693,71695],{"id":71694},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71697,71698,71700,71701,71703,71704,242],{},[15,71699,12851],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71702,55609],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71705,3878],{},[461,71707,71709],{"id":71708},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71711,71712,71713,71716],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71714,71715],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[461,71718,71720],{"id":71719},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71722,71723,71724,71726],{},"Python raises ",[15,71725,70805],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[38,71728,1986],{"id":1985},[153,71730,71731,71735,71740,71745,71750],{},[156,71732,71733],{},[236,71734,55595],{"href":55147},[156,71736,71737],{},[236,71738,71739],{"href":55152},"Python list remove() method",[156,71741,71742],{},[236,71743,71744],{"href":59045},"Python list index() method",[156,71746,71747],{},[236,71748,71749],{"href":51063},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[156,71751,71752],{},[236,71753,69334],{"href":69333},[2029,71755,71756],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":71758},[71759,71760,71761,71762,71763,71764,71765,71770,71776,71777,71783],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":69934,"depth":93,"text":69935},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":70244,"depth":93,"text":70245},{"id":70373,"depth":93,"text":70374},{"id":70644,"depth":93,"text":70645},{"id":70791,"depth":93,"text":70792,"children":71766},[71767,71768,71769],{"id":70795,"depth":115,"text":70796},{"id":70933,"depth":115,"text":70934},{"id":71116,"depth":115,"text":71117},{"id":71313,"depth":93,"text":71314,"children":71771},[71772,71774],{"id":71320,"depth":115,"text":71773},"Use pop() when:",{"id":71336,"depth":115,"text":71775},"Use remove() when:",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":71778},[71779,71780,71781,71782],{"id":71684,"depth":115,"text":71685},{"id":71694,"depth":115,"text":71695},{"id":71708,"depth":115,"text":71709},{"id":71719,"depth":115,"text":71720},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69802,"description":71784},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71791,"title":71792,"body":71793,"description":73579,"extension":2083,"meta":73580,"navigation":296,"path":73581,"seo":73582,"stem":73583,"__hash__":73584},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71794,"toc":73561},[71795,71798,71803,71809,71811,71881,71887,71891,71896,71917,71920,71987,71989,72010,72018,72020,72039,72055,72057,72122,72124,72149,72151,72153,72218,72220,72245,72247,72261,72264,72317,72319,72340,72344,72352,72425,72427,72460,72466,72472,72563,72565,72590,72596,72685,72687,72711,72713,72717,72772,72774,72806,72809,72812,72906,72908,72941,72947,72953,72957,72964,72990,72994,73059,73061,73086,73090,73171,73173,73202,73207,73212,73218,73222,73229,73251,73255,73314,73316,73340,73349,73354,73356,73360,73389,73391,73466,73469,73483,73489,73491,73495,73498,73502,73507,73511,73520,73524,73532,73534,73558],[10,71796,71792],{"id":71797},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71799,2100,71800,71802],{},[15,71801,55155],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71804,71805,71806,71808],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3842,71807,2588],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[38,71810,41],{"id":40},[43,71812,71814],{"className":45,"code":71813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71815,71816,71848,71866,71876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71817,71818,71820,71822,71824,71826,71828,71830,71832,71834,71836,71838,71840,71842,71844,71846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71819,7863],{"class":58},[52,71821,63],{"class":62},[52,71823,67],{"class":66},[52,71825,757],{"class":756},[52,71827,4171],{"class":760},[52,71829,757],{"class":756},[52,71831,74],{"class":66},[52,71833,768],{"class":756},[52,71835,4180],{"class":760},[52,71837,757],{"class":756},[52,71839,74],{"class":66},[52,71841,768],{"class":756},[52,71843,33317],{"class":760},[52,71845,757],{"class":756},[52,71847,90],{"class":66},[52,71849,71850,71852,71854,71856,71858,71860,71862,71864],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71851,7894],{"class":58},[52,71853,242],{"class":66},[52,71855,34892],{"class":108},[52,71857,105],{"class":66},[52,71859,757],{"class":756},[52,71861,4180],{"class":760},[52,71863,757],{"class":756},[52,71865,112],{"class":66},[52,71867,71868,71870,71872,71874],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71869,118],{"class":101},[52,71871,105],{"class":66},[52,71873,7894],{"class":108},[52,71875,112],{"class":66},[52,71877,71878],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,71879,71880],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71882,133,71883,71886],{},[15,71884,71885],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[38,71888,71890],{"id":71889},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71892,71893,71895],{},[15,71894,55609],{}," is a list method that:",[153,71897,71898,71904,71909,71914],{},[156,71899,71900,71901,71903],{},"Deletes the ",[3842,71902,30004],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[156,71905,71906,71907],{},"Changes the original list ",[3842,71908,11423],{},[156,71910,12792,71911,71913],{},[3842,71912,4722],{}," return a new list",[156,71915,71916],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71918,71919],{},"This is important for beginners:",[43,71921,71923],{"className":45,"code":71922,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71924,71925,71945,71963,71967,71977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71926,71927,71929,71931,71933,71935,71937,71939,71941,71943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71928,59],{"class":58},[52,71930,63],{"class":62},[52,71932,67],{"class":66},[52,71934,71],{"class":70},[52,71936,74],{"class":66},[52,71938,77],{"class":70},[52,71940,74],{"class":66},[52,71942,82],{"class":70},[52,71944,90],{"class":66},[52,71946,71947,71949,71951,71953,71955,71957,71959,71961],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,71948,2347],{"class":58},[52,71950,63],{"class":62},[52,71952,1686],{"class":58},[52,71954,242],{"class":66},[52,71956,34892],{"class":108},[52,71958,105],{"class":66},[52,71960,440],{"class":70},[52,71962,112],{"class":66},[52,71964,71965],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,71966,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,71968,71969,71971,71973,71975],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,71970,118],{"class":101},[52,71972,105],{"class":66},[52,71974,109],{"class":108},[52,71976,112],{"class":66},[52,71978,71979,71981,71983,71985],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,71980,118],{"class":101},[52,71982,105],{"class":66},[52,71984,2382],{"class":108},[52,71986,112],{"class":66},[20,71988,311],{},[43,71990,71992],{"className":45,"code":71991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71993,71994,72006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,71995,71996,71998,72000,72002,72004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,71997,3994],{"class":66},[52,71999,71],{"class":70},[52,72001,74],{"class":66},[52,72003,82],{"class":70},[52,72005,90],{"class":66},[52,72007,72008],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72009,11895],{"class":674},[20,72011,72012,72013,72015,72016,242],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,72014,55609],{}," itself returned ",[15,72017,3878],{},[38,72019,5520],{"id":5519},[43,72021,72023],{"className":45,"code":72022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,72024,72025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72026,72027,72029,72031,72033,72035,72037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72028,8179],{"class":1184},[52,72030,242],{"class":66},[52,72032,34892],{"class":108},[52,72034,105],{"class":66},[52,72036,2588],{"class":108},[52,72038,112],{"class":66},[153,72040,72041,72046,72049],{},[156,72042,72043,72045],{},[15,72044,2588],{}," is the item you want to delete",[156,72047,72048],{},"Python searches from left to right",[156,72050,72051,72052,72054],{},"Only the ",[3842,72053,30004],{}," matching value is removed",[20,72056,2324],{},[43,72058,72060],{"className":45,"code":72059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,72061,72062,72094,72112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72063,72064,72066,72068,72070,72072,72074,72076,72078,72080,72082,72084,72086,72088,72090,72092],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72065,1387],{"class":58},[52,72067,63],{"class":62},[52,72069,67],{"class":66},[52,72071,757],{"class":756},[52,72073,236],{"class":760},[52,72075,757],{"class":756},[52,72077,74],{"class":66},[52,72079,768],{"class":756},[52,72081,4853],{"class":760},[52,72083,757],{"class":756},[52,72085,74],{"class":66},[52,72087,768],{"class":756},[52,72089,9825],{"class":760},[52,72091,757],{"class":756},[52,72093,90],{"class":66},[52,72095,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104,72106,72108,72110],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72097,1458],{"class":58},[52,72099,242],{"class":66},[52,72101,34892],{"class":108},[52,72103,105],{"class":66},[52,72105,757],{"class":756},[52,72107,4853],{"class":760},[52,72109,757],{"class":756},[52,72111,112],{"class":66},[52,72113,72114,72116,72118,72120],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72115,118],{"class":101},[52,72117,105],{"class":66},[52,72119,1458],{"class":108},[52,72121,112],{"class":66},[20,72123,311],{},[43,72125,72127],{"className":45,"code":72126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,72128,72129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72130,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72132,3994],{"class":66},[52,72134,3406],{"class":756},[52,72136,236],{"class":760},[52,72138,3406],{"class":756},[52,72140,74],{"class":66},[52,72142,3401],{"class":756},[52,72144,9825],{"class":760},[52,72146,3406],{"class":756},[52,72148,90],{"class":66},[38,72150,5875],{"id":5874},[20,72152,65250],{},[43,72154,72156],{"className":45,"code":72155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,72157,72158,72190,72208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72159,72160,72162,72164,72166,72168,72170,72172,72174,72176,72178,72180,72182,72184,72186,72188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72161,13165],{"class":58},[52,72163,63],{"class":62},[52,72165,67],{"class":66},[52,72167,757],{"class":756},[52,72169,13182],{"class":760},[52,72171,757],{"class":756},[52,72173,74],{"class":66},[52,72175,768],{"class":756},[52,72177,13199],{"class":760},[52,72179,757],{"class":756},[52,72181,74],{"class":66},[52,72183,768],{"class":756},[52,72185,17549],{"class":760},[52,72187,757],{"class":756},[52,72189,90],{"class":66},[52,72191,72192,72194,72196,72198,72200,72202,72204,72206],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72193,17596],{"class":58},[52,72195,242],{"class":66},[52,72197,34892],{"class":108},[52,72199,105],{"class":66},[52,72201,757],{"class":756},[52,72203,13199],{"class":760},[52,72205,757],{"class":756},[52,72207,112],{"class":66},[52,72209,72210,72212,72214,72216],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72211,118],{"class":101},[52,72213,105],{"class":66},[52,72215,17596],{"class":108},[52,72217,112],{"class":66},[20,72219,311],{},[43,72221,72223],{"className":45,"code":72222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,72224,72225],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72226,72227,72229,72231,72233,72235,72237,72239,72241,72243],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72228,3994],{"class":66},[52,72230,3406],{"class":756},[52,72232,13182],{"class":760},[52,72234,3406],{"class":756},[52,72236,74],{"class":66},[52,72238,3401],{"class":756},[52,72240,17549],{"class":760},[52,72242,3406],{"class":756},[52,72244,90],{"class":66},[20,72246,323],{},[153,72248,72249,72252,72258],{},[156,72250,72251],{},"A list is created with three values",[156,72253,72254,72257],{},[15,72255,72256],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[156,72259,72260],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,72262,72263],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[43,72265,72267],{"className":45,"code":72266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,72268,72269,72293,72307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72270,72271,72273,72275,72277,72279,72281,72283,72285,72287,72289,72291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72272,5157],{"class":58},[52,72274,63],{"class":62},[52,72276,67],{"class":66},[52,72278,430],{"class":70},[52,72280,74],{"class":66},[52,72282,7874],{"class":70},[52,72284,74],{"class":66},[52,72286,7879],{"class":70},[52,72288,74],{"class":66},[52,72290,50927],{"class":70},[52,72292,90],{"class":66},[52,72294,72295,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72296,16481],{"class":58},[52,72298,242],{"class":66},[52,72300,34892],{"class":108},[52,72302,105],{"class":66},[52,72304,36935],{"class":70},[52,72306,112],{"class":66},[52,72308,72309,72311,72313,72315],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72310,118],{"class":101},[52,72312,105],{"class":66},[52,72314,16481],{"class":108},[52,72316,112],{"class":66},[20,72318,311],{},[43,72320,72322],{"className":45,"code":72321,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,72323,72324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72325,72326,72328,72330,72332,72334,72336,72338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72327,3994],{"class":66},[52,72329,430],{"class":70},[52,72331,74],{"class":66},[52,72333,7874],{"class":70},[52,72335,74],{"class":66},[52,72337,50927],{"class":70},[52,72339,90],{"class":66},[38,72341,72343],{"id":72342},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,72345,65240,72346,72348,72349,72351],{},[15,72347,55609],{}," deletes only the ",[3842,72350,30004],{}," one.",[43,72353,72355],{"className":45,"code":72354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72356,72357,72397,72415],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72358,72359,72361,72363,72365,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375,72377,72379,72381,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391,72393,72395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72360,7863],{"class":58},[52,72362,63],{"class":62},[52,72364,67],{"class":66},[52,72366,757],{"class":756},[52,72368,4171],{"class":760},[52,72370,757],{"class":756},[52,72372,74],{"class":66},[52,72374,768],{"class":756},[52,72376,4180],{"class":760},[52,72378,757],{"class":756},[52,72380,74],{"class":66},[52,72382,768],{"class":756},[52,72384,4171],{"class":760},[52,72386,757],{"class":756},[52,72388,74],{"class":66},[52,72390,768],{"class":756},[52,72392,33317],{"class":760},[52,72394,757],{"class":756},[52,72396,90],{"class":66},[52,72398,72399,72401,72403,72405,72407,72409,72411,72413],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72400,7894],{"class":58},[52,72402,242],{"class":66},[52,72404,34892],{"class":108},[52,72406,105],{"class":66},[52,72408,757],{"class":756},[52,72410,4171],{"class":760},[52,72412,757],{"class":756},[52,72414,112],{"class":66},[52,72416,72417,72419,72421,72423],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72418,118],{"class":101},[52,72420,105],{"class":66},[52,72422,7894],{"class":108},[52,72424,112],{"class":66},[20,72426,311],{},[43,72428,72430],{"className":45,"code":72429,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72431,72432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72433,72434,72436,72438,72440,72442,72444,72446,72448,72450,72452,72454,72456,72458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72435,3994],{"class":66},[52,72437,3406],{"class":756},[52,72439,4180],{"class":760},[52,72441,3406],{"class":756},[52,72443,74],{"class":66},[52,72445,3401],{"class":756},[52,72447,4171],{"class":760},[52,72449,3406],{"class":756},[52,72451,74],{"class":66},[52,72453,3401],{"class":756},[52,72455,33317],{"class":760},[52,72457,3406],{"class":756},[52,72459,90],{"class":66},[20,72461,72462,72463,72465],{},"Only the first ",[15,72464,57913],{}," was removed.",[20,72467,72468,72469,72471],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,72470,55609],{}," again:",[43,72473,72475],{"className":45,"code":72474,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72476,72477,72517,72535,72553],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72478,72479,72481,72483,72485,72487,72489,72491,72493,72495,72497,72499,72501,72503,72505,72507,72509,72511,72513,72515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72480,7863],{"class":58},[52,72482,63],{"class":62},[52,72484,67],{"class":66},[52,72486,757],{"class":756},[52,72488,4171],{"class":760},[52,72490,757],{"class":756},[52,72492,74],{"class":66},[52,72494,768],{"class":756},[52,72496,4180],{"class":760},[52,72498,757],{"class":756},[52,72500,74],{"class":66},[52,72502,768],{"class":756},[52,72504,4171],{"class":760},[52,72506,757],{"class":756},[52,72508,74],{"class":66},[52,72510,768],{"class":756},[52,72512,33317],{"class":760},[52,72514,757],{"class":756},[52,72516,90],{"class":66},[52,72518,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72520,7894],{"class":58},[52,72522,242],{"class":66},[52,72524,34892],{"class":108},[52,72526,105],{"class":66},[52,72528,757],{"class":756},[52,72530,4171],{"class":760},[52,72532,757],{"class":756},[52,72534,112],{"class":66},[52,72536,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545,72547,72549,72551],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72538,7894],{"class":58},[52,72540,242],{"class":66},[52,72542,34892],{"class":108},[52,72544,105],{"class":66},[52,72546,757],{"class":756},[52,72548,4171],{"class":760},[52,72550,757],{"class":756},[52,72552,112],{"class":66},[52,72554,72555,72557,72559,72561],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,72556,118],{"class":101},[52,72558,105],{"class":66},[52,72560,7894],{"class":108},[52,72562,112],{"class":66},[20,72564,311],{},[43,72566,72568],{"className":45,"code":72567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72569,72570],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72571,72572,72574,72576,72578,72580,72582,72584,72586,72588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72573,3994],{"class":66},[52,72575,3406],{"class":756},[52,72577,4180],{"class":760},[52,72579,3406],{"class":756},[52,72581,74],{"class":66},[52,72583,3401],{"class":756},[52,72585,33317],{"class":760},[52,72587,3406],{"class":756},[52,72589,90],{"class":66},[20,72591,72592,72593,72595],{},"If you need to remove ",[3842,72594,3815],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[43,72597,72599],{"className":45,"code":72598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72600,72601,72641,72675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72602,72603,72605,72607,72609,72611,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72604,7863],{"class":58},[52,72606,63],{"class":62},[52,72608,67],{"class":66},[52,72610,757],{"class":756},[52,72612,4171],{"class":760},[52,72614,757],{"class":756},[52,72616,74],{"class":66},[52,72618,768],{"class":756},[52,72620,4180],{"class":760},[52,72622,757],{"class":756},[52,72624,74],{"class":66},[52,72626,768],{"class":756},[52,72628,4171],{"class":760},[52,72630,757],{"class":756},[52,72632,74],{"class":66},[52,72634,768],{"class":756},[52,72636,33317],{"class":760},[52,72638,757],{"class":756},[52,72640,90],{"class":66},[52,72642,72643,72645,72647,72649,72651,72653,72655,72657,72660,72662,72664,72667,72669,72671,72673],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72644,7863],{"class":58},[52,72646,63],{"class":62},[52,72648,67],{"class":66},[52,72650,28633],{"class":58},[52,72652,1678],{"class":1195},[52,72654,6048],{"class":58},[52,72656,1202],{"class":1195},[52,72658,72659],{"class":58}," items ",[52,72661,7079],{"class":1195},[52,72663,6048],{"class":58},[52,72665,72666],{"class":62},"!=",[52,72668,768],{"class":756},[52,72670,4171],{"class":760},[52,72672,757],{"class":756},[52,72674,90],{"class":66},[52,72676,72677,72679,72681,72683],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72678,118],{"class":101},[52,72680,105],{"class":66},[52,72682,7894],{"class":108},[52,72684,112],{"class":66},[20,72686,311],{},[43,72688,72689],{"className":45,"code":72567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,72690,72691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72692,72693,72695,72697,72699,72701,72703,72705,72707,72709],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72694,3994],{"class":66},[52,72696,3406],{"class":756},[52,72698,4180],{"class":760},[52,72700,3406],{"class":756},[52,72702,74],{"class":66},[52,72704,3401],{"class":756},[52,72706,33317],{"class":760},[52,72708,3406],{"class":756},[52,72710,90],{"class":66},[38,72712,65706],{"id":65705},[20,72714,65709,72715,242],{},[15,72716,40794],{},[43,72718,72720],{"className":45,"code":72719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72721,72722,72754],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72723,72724,72726,72728,72730,72732,72734,72736,72738,72740,72742,72744,72746,72748,72750,72752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72725,7863],{"class":58},[52,72727,63],{"class":62},[52,72729,67],{"class":66},[52,72731,757],{"class":756},[52,72733,4171],{"class":760},[52,72735,757],{"class":756},[52,72737,74],{"class":66},[52,72739,768],{"class":756},[52,72741,4180],{"class":760},[52,72743,757],{"class":756},[52,72745,74],{"class":66},[52,72747,768],{"class":756},[52,72749,33317],{"class":760},[52,72751,757],{"class":756},[52,72753,90],{"class":66},[52,72755,72756,72758,72760,72762,72764,72766,72768,72770],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72757,7894],{"class":58},[52,72759,242],{"class":66},[52,72761,34892],{"class":108},[52,72763,105],{"class":66},[52,72765,757],{"class":756},[52,72767,22628],{"class":760},[52,72769,757],{"class":756},[52,72771,112],{"class":66},[20,72773,311],{},[43,72775,72777],{"className":45,"code":72776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72778,72779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72780,72781,72783,72785,72787,72789,72791,72793,72795,72797,72799,72801,72803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72782,40794],{"class":1184},[52,72784,1772],{"class":66},[52,72786,22655],{"class":1184},[52,72788,242],{"class":66},[52,72790,34892],{"class":108},[52,72792,105],{"class":66},[52,72794,1190],{"class":108},[52,72796,16544],{"class":66},[52,72798,1199],{"class":58},[52,72800,4722],{"class":62},[52,72802,21268],{"class":62},[52,72804,72805],{"class":1184}," list\n",[20,72807,72808],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72810,72811],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[43,72813,72815],{"className":45,"code":72814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72816,72817,72849,72861,72865,72877,72892,72896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72818,72819,72821,72823,72825,72827,72829,72831,72833,72835,72837,72839,72841,72843,72845,72847],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72820,7863],{"class":58},[52,72822,63],{"class":62},[52,72824,67],{"class":66},[52,72826,757],{"class":756},[52,72828,4171],{"class":760},[52,72830,757],{"class":756},[52,72832,74],{"class":66},[52,72834,768],{"class":756},[52,72836,4180],{"class":760},[52,72838,757],{"class":756},[52,72840,74],{"class":66},[52,72842,768],{"class":756},[52,72844,33317],{"class":760},[52,72846,757],{"class":756},[52,72848,90],{"class":66},[52,72850,72851,72853,72855,72857,72859],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,72852,2563],{"class":58},[52,72854,63],{"class":62},[52,72856,768],{"class":756},[52,72858,22628],{"class":760},[52,72860,3465],{"class":756},[52,72862,72863],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,72864,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,72866,72867,72869,72871,72873,72875],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,72868,7079],{"class":1195},[52,72870,21679],{"class":58},[52,72872,1202],{"class":62},[52,72874,6053],{"class":58},[52,72876,1689],{"class":66},[52,72878,72879,72882,72884,72886,72888,72890],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,72880,72881],{"class":58},"    items",[52,72883,242],{"class":66},[52,72885,34892],{"class":108},[52,72887,105],{"class":66},[52,72889,2588],{"class":108},[52,72891,112],{"class":66},[52,72893,72894],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,72895,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,72897,72898,72900,72902,72904],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,72899,118],{"class":101},[52,72901,105],{"class":66},[52,72903,7894],{"class":108},[52,72905,112],{"class":66},[20,72907,311],{},[43,72909,72911],{"className":45,"code":72910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72912,72913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,72914,72915,72917,72919,72921,72923,72925,72927,72929,72931,72933,72935,72937,72939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,72916,3994],{"class":66},[52,72918,3406],{"class":756},[52,72920,4171],{"class":760},[52,72922,3406],{"class":756},[52,72924,74],{"class":66},[52,72926,3401],{"class":756},[52,72928,4180],{"class":760},[52,72930,3406],{"class":756},[52,72932,74],{"class":66},[52,72934,3401],{"class":756},[52,72936,33317],{"class":760},[52,72938,3406],{"class":756},[52,72940,90],{"class":66},[20,72942,72943,72944,72946],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72945,55609],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72948,72949,72950,242],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[236,72951,65915],{"href":72952},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[38,72954,72956],{"id":72955},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72958,72959,652,72961,72963],{},[15,72960,55609],{},[15,72962,12851],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[153,72965,72966,72973,72979,72985],{},[156,72967,72968,72970,72971],{},[15,72969,55609],{}," deletes by ",[3842,72972,2588],{},[156,72974,72975,72970,72977],{},[15,72976,12851],{},[3842,72978,35945],{},[156,72980,72981,2514,72983],{},[15,72982,55609],{},[15,72984,3878],{},[156,72986,72987,72989],{},[15,72988,12851],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72991,46125,72992,1772],{},[15,72993,55609],{},[43,72995,72997],{"className":45,"code":72996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72998,72999,73031,73049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73000,73001,73003,73005,73007,73009,73011,73013,73015,73017,73019,73021,73023,73025,73027,73029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73002,7863],{"class":58},[52,73004,63],{"class":62},[52,73006,67],{"class":66},[52,73008,757],{"class":756},[52,73010,4171],{"class":760},[52,73012,757],{"class":756},[52,73014,74],{"class":66},[52,73016,768],{"class":756},[52,73018,4180],{"class":760},[52,73020,757],{"class":756},[52,73022,74],{"class":66},[52,73024,768],{"class":756},[52,73026,33317],{"class":760},[52,73028,757],{"class":756},[52,73030,90],{"class":66},[52,73032,73033,73035,73037,73039,73041,73043,73045,73047],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73034,7894],{"class":58},[52,73036,242],{"class":66},[52,73038,34892],{"class":108},[52,73040,105],{"class":66},[52,73042,757],{"class":756},[52,73044,4180],{"class":760},[52,73046,757],{"class":756},[52,73048,112],{"class":66},[52,73050,73051,73053,73055,73057],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73052,118],{"class":101},[52,73054,105],{"class":66},[52,73056,7894],{"class":108},[52,73058,112],{"class":66},[20,73060,311],{},[43,73062,73064],{"className":45,"code":73063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,73065,73066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73067,73068,73070,73072,73074,73076,73078,73080,73082,73084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73069,3994],{"class":66},[52,73071,3406],{"class":756},[52,73073,4171],{"class":760},[52,73075,3406],{"class":756},[52,73077,74],{"class":66},[52,73079,3401],{"class":756},[52,73081,33317],{"class":760},[52,73083,3406],{"class":756},[52,73085,90],{"class":66},[20,73087,46125,73088,1772],{},[15,73089,12851],{},[43,73091,73093],{"className":45,"code":73092,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,73094,73095,73127,73146,73150,73160],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73096,73097,73099,73101,73103,73105,73107,73109,73111,73113,73115,73117,73119,73121,73123,73125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73098,7863],{"class":58},[52,73100,63],{"class":62},[52,73102,67],{"class":66},[52,73104,757],{"class":756},[52,73106,4171],{"class":760},[52,73108,757],{"class":756},[52,73110,74],{"class":66},[52,73112,768],{"class":756},[52,73114,4180],{"class":760},[52,73116,757],{"class":756},[52,73118,74],{"class":66},[52,73120,768],{"class":756},[52,73122,33317],{"class":760},[52,73124,757],{"class":756},[52,73126,90],{"class":66},[52,73128,73129,73132,73134,73136,73138,73140,73142,73144],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73130,73131],{"class":58},"removed_item ",[52,73133,63],{"class":62},[52,73135,6053],{"class":58},[52,73137,242],{"class":66},[52,73139,26336],{"class":108},[52,73141,105],{"class":66},[52,73143,71],{"class":70},[52,73145,112],{"class":66},[52,73147,73148],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73149,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,73151,73152,73154,73156,73158],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,73153,118],{"class":101},[52,73155,105],{"class":66},[52,73157,7894],{"class":108},[52,73159,112],{"class":66},[52,73161,73162,73164,73166,73169],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,73163,118],{"class":101},[52,73165,105],{"class":66},[52,73167,73168],{"class":108},"removed_item",[52,73170,112],{"class":66},[20,73172,311],{},[43,73174,73176],{"className":45,"code":73175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,73177,73178,73198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73179,73180,73182,73184,73186,73188,73190,73192,73194,73196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73181,3994],{"class":66},[52,73183,3406],{"class":756},[52,73185,4171],{"class":760},[52,73187,3406],{"class":756},[52,73189,74],{"class":66},[52,73191,3401],{"class":756},[52,73193,33317],{"class":760},[52,73195,3406],{"class":756},[52,73197,90],{"class":66},[52,73199,73200],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73201,70480],{"class":58},[20,73203,133,73204,73206],{},[15,73205,55609],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,73208,133,73209,73211],{},[15,73210,12851],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,73213,73214,73215,242],{},"For more detail, see the ",[236,73216,73217],{"href":55159},"Python list pop() method",[38,73219,73221],{"id":73220},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,73223,73224,652,73226,73228],{},[15,73225,55609],{},[15,73227,27119],{}," are also different.",[153,73230,73231,73236,73241,73246],{},[156,73232,73233,73235],{},[15,73234,55609],{}," deletes by matching value",[156,73237,73238,73240],{},[15,73239,27119],{}," deletes by index or slice",[156,73242,133,73243,73245],{},[15,73244,27119],{}," when you know the position",[156,73247,133,73248,73250],{},[15,73249,55609],{}," when you know the item value",[20,73252,46125,73253,1772],{},[15,73254,27119],{},[43,73256,73258],{"className":45,"code":73257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,73259,73260,73292,73304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73261,73262,73264,73266,73268,73270,73272,73274,73276,73278,73280,73282,73284,73286,73288,73290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73263,7863],{"class":58},[52,73265,63],{"class":62},[52,73267,67],{"class":66},[52,73269,757],{"class":756},[52,73271,4171],{"class":760},[52,73273,757],{"class":756},[52,73275,74],{"class":66},[52,73277,768],{"class":756},[52,73279,4180],{"class":760},[52,73281,757],{"class":756},[52,73283,74],{"class":66},[52,73285,768],{"class":756},[52,73287,33317],{"class":760},[52,73289,757],{"class":756},[52,73291,90],{"class":66},[52,73293,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73295,27119],{"class":1195},[52,73297,6053],{"class":58},[52,73299,3994],{"class":66},[52,73301,71],{"class":70},[52,73303,90],{"class":66},[52,73305,73306,73308,73310,73312],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73307,118],{"class":101},[52,73309,105],{"class":66},[52,73311,7894],{"class":108},[52,73313,112],{"class":66},[20,73315,311],{},[43,73317,73318],{"className":45,"code":73063,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,73319,73320],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73321,73322,73324,73326,73328,73330,73332,73334,73336,73338],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73323,3994],{"class":66},[52,73325,3406],{"class":756},[52,73327,4171],{"class":760},[52,73329,3406],{"class":756},[52,73331,74],{"class":66},[52,73333,3401],{"class":756},[52,73335,33317],{"class":760},[52,73337,3406],{"class":756},[52,73339,90],{"class":66},[20,73341,73342,73343,73345,73346,73348],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,73344,71],{},", not the value ",[15,73347,65350],{}," directly.",[20,73350,73351,73352,242],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[236,73353,55148],{"href":55147},[38,73355,1766],{"id":1765},[20,73357,21306,73358,1772],{},[15,73359,55609],{},[153,73361,73362,73365,73370,73377,73386],{},[156,73363,73364],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[156,73366,8538,73367,73369],{},[15,73368,55609],{}," to delete all matching values",[156,73371,12682,73372,73374,73375],{},[15,73373,55609],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,73376,3878],{},[156,73378,1372,73379,44714,73381,1943,73383,73385],{},[15,73380,55609],{},[15,73382,12851],{},[15,73384,27119],{}," would be a better fit",[156,73387,73388],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,73390,71580],{},[43,73392,73394],{"className":45,"code":73393,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,73395,73396,73406,73420,73438,73452],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73397,73398,73400,73402,73404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73399,118],{"class":101},[52,73401,105],{"class":66},[52,73403,8425],{"class":108},[52,73405,112],{"class":66},[52,73407,73408,73410,73412,73414,73416,73418],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73409,118],{"class":101},[52,73411,105],{"class":66},[52,73413,2563],{"class":108},[52,73415,1202],{"class":1195},[52,73417,8482],{"class":108},[52,73419,112],{"class":66},[52,73421,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73423,118],{"class":101},[52,73425,105],{"class":66},[52,73427,8425],{"class":108},[52,73429,242],{"class":66},[52,73431,41347],{"class":108},[52,73433,105],{"class":66},[52,73435,2588],{"class":108},[52,73437,510],{"class":66},[52,73439,73440,73442,73444,73446,73448,73450],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,73441,118],{"class":101},[52,73443,105],{"class":66},[52,73445,1827],{"class":1184},[52,73447,105],{"class":66},[52,73449,8425],{"class":108},[52,73451,510],{"class":66},[52,73453,73454,73456,73458,73460,73462,73464],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,73455,32248],{"class":101},[52,73457,105],{"class":66},[52,73459,8179],{"class":1184},[52,73461,242],{"class":66},[52,73463,34892],{"class":24845},[52,73465,112],{"class":66},[20,73467,73468],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[153,73470,73471,73474,73477,73480],{},[156,73472,73473],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[156,73475,73476],{},"How many times does it appear?",[156,73478,73479],{},"Am I working with a list?",[156,73481,73482],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73484,73485,73486,73488],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[236,73487,71744],{"href":59045}," may also help.",[38,73490,1919],{"id":1918},[461,73492,73494],{"id":73493},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73496,73497],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[461,73499,73501],{"id":73500},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73503,5240,73504,73506],{},[15,73505,3878],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[461,73508,73510],{"id":73509},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73512,73513,73514,73517,73518,242],{},"Check with ",[15,73515,73516],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73519,55609],{},[461,73521,73523],{"id":73522},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73525,133,73526,73528,73529,73531],{},[15,73527,55609],{}," for a value and ",[15,73530,12851],{}," for an index.",[38,73533,1986],{"id":1985},[153,73535,73536,73540,73544,73548,73552],{},[156,73537,73538],{},[236,73539,55595],{"href":55147},[156,73541,73542],{},[236,73543,73217],{"href":55159},[156,73545,73546],{},[236,73547,71744],{"href":59045},[156,73549,73550],{},[236,73551,65915],{"href":72952},[156,73553,73554],{},[236,73555,73557],{"href":73556},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[2029,73559,73560],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":73562},[73563,73564,73565,73566,73567,73568,73569,73570,73571,73572,73578],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":71889,"depth":93,"text":71890},{"id":5519,"depth":93,"text":5520},{"id":5874,"depth":93,"text":5875},{"id":72342,"depth":93,"text":72343},{"id":65705,"depth":93,"text":65706},{"id":72955,"depth":93,"text":72956},{"id":73220,"depth":93,"text":73221},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":73573},[73574,73575,73576,73577],{"id":73493,"depth":115,"text":73494},{"id":73500,"depth":115,"text":73501},{"id":73509,"depth":115,"text":73510},{"id":73522,"depth":115,"text":73523},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71792,"description":73579},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73586,"title":73587,"body":73588,"description":75479,"extension":2083,"meta":75480,"navigation":296,"path":75481,"seo":75482,"stem":75483,"__hash__":75484},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73589,"toc":75449},[73590,73596,73602,73605,73616,73618,73667,73672,73677,73681,73696,73698,73763,73765,73806,73808,73810,73825,73827,73838,73840,73897,73899,73932,73934,73937,73986,73988,74013,74015,74031,74037,74044,74105,74107,74140,74145,74148,74228,74230,74291,74297,74301,74304,74368,74370,74395,74397,74417,74419,74468,74470,74491,74500,74503,74507,74512,74557,74559,74580,74586,74591,74599,74663,74665,74702,74708,74712,74719,74784,74786,74823,74827,74844,74854,74859,74864,74875,74882,74884,74890,74913,74916,74943,74948,74951,75052,75054,75109,75112,75219,75221,75292,75295,75321,75323,75328,75332,75340,75345,75350,75356,75361,75365,75368,75385,75388,75408,75416,75418,75446],[10,73591,54422,73593,11411],{"id":73592},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73594,73595],{},"reverse()",[20,73597,73598,73601],{},[15,73599,73600],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73603,73604],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73606,73607,73608,73610,73611,73615],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73609,73595],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[236,73612,73614],{"href":73613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[38,73617,3712],{"id":3711},[43,73619,73621],{"className":45,"code":73620,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73622,73623,73643,73654],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73624,73625,73627,73629,73631,73633,73635,73637,73639,73641],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73626,59],{"class":58},[52,73628,63],{"class":62},[52,73630,67],{"class":66},[52,73632,71],{"class":70},[52,73634,74],{"class":66},[52,73636,77],{"class":70},[52,73638,74],{"class":66},[52,73640,82],{"class":70},[52,73642,90],{"class":66},[52,73644,73645,73647,73649,73652],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73646,109],{"class":58},[52,73648,242],{"class":66},[52,73650,73651],{"class":108},"reverse",[52,73653,8729],{"class":66},[52,73655,73656,73658,73660,73662,73664],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73657,118],{"class":101},[52,73659,105],{"class":66},[52,73661,109],{"class":108},[52,73663,126],{"class":66},[52,73665,73666],{"class":129},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73668,73669,73671],{},[15,73670,73595],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[38,73673,140,73675,143],{"id":73674},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73676,73600],{},[20,73678,73679,1772],{},[15,73680,73600],{},[153,73682,73683,73686,73689,73693],{},[156,73684,73685],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[156,73687,73688],{},"Changes the original list directly",[156,73690,11513,73691],{},[15,73692,3878],{},[156,73694,73695],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73697,2324],{},[43,73699,73701],{"className":45,"code":73700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73702,73703,73743,73753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73704,73705,73707,73709,73711,73713,73715,73717,73719,73721,73723,73725,73727,73729,73731,73733,73735,73737,73739,73741],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73706,1387],{"class":58},[52,73708,63],{"class":62},[52,73710,67],{"class":66},[52,73712,757],{"class":756},[52,73714,236],{"class":760},[52,73716,757],{"class":756},[52,73718,74],{"class":66},[52,73720,768],{"class":756},[52,73722,4853],{"class":760},[52,73724,757],{"class":756},[52,73726,74],{"class":66},[52,73728,768],{"class":756},[52,73730,9825],{"class":760},[52,73732,757],{"class":756},[52,73734,74],{"class":66},[52,73736,768],{"class":756},[52,73738,18861],{"class":760},[52,73740,757],{"class":756},[52,73742,90],{"class":66},[52,73744,73745,73747,73749,73751],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73746,1458],{"class":58},[52,73748,242],{"class":66},[52,73750,73651],{"class":108},[52,73752,8729],{"class":66},[52,73754,73755,73757,73759,73761],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73756,118],{"class":101},[52,73758,105],{"class":66},[52,73760,1458],{"class":108},[52,73762,112],{"class":66},[20,73764,311],{},[43,73766,73768],{"className":45,"code":73767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73769,73770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73771,73772,73774,73776,73778,73780,73782,73784,73786,73788,73790,73792,73794,73796,73798,73800,73802,73804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73773,3994],{"class":66},[52,73775,3406],{"class":756},[52,73777,18861],{"class":760},[52,73779,3406],{"class":756},[52,73781,74],{"class":66},[52,73783,3401],{"class":756},[52,73785,9825],{"class":760},[52,73787,3406],{"class":756},[52,73789,74],{"class":66},[52,73791,3401],{"class":756},[52,73793,4853],{"class":760},[52,73795,3406],{"class":756},[52,73797,74],{"class":66},[52,73799,3401],{"class":756},[52,73801,236],{"class":760},[52,73803,3406],{"class":756},[52,73805,90],{"class":66},[38,73807,181],{"id":180},[20,73809,2277],{},[43,73811,73813],{"className":45,"code":73812,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73814,73815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73816,73817,73819,73821,73823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73818,8425],{"class":58},[52,73820,242],{"class":66},[52,73822,73651],{"class":108},[52,73824,8729],{"class":66},[20,73826,13141],{},[153,73828,73829,73832,73835],{},[156,73830,73831],{},"No arguments are needed",[156,73833,73834],{},"You call it on an existing list",[156,73836,73837],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73839,2324],{},[43,73841,73843],{"className":45,"code":73842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73844,73845,73877,73887],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73846,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857,73859,73861,73863,73865,73867,73869,73871,73873,73875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73848,13165],{"class":58},[52,73850,63],{"class":62},[52,73852,67],{"class":66},[52,73854,757],{"class":756},[52,73856,13182],{"class":760},[52,73858,757],{"class":756},[52,73860,74],{"class":66},[52,73862,768],{"class":756},[52,73864,17549],{"class":760},[52,73866,757],{"class":756},[52,73868,74],{"class":66},[52,73870,768],{"class":756},[52,73872,13199],{"class":760},[52,73874,757],{"class":756},[52,73876,90],{"class":66},[52,73878,73879,73881,73883,73885],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73880,17596],{"class":58},[52,73882,242],{"class":66},[52,73884,73651],{"class":108},[52,73886,8729],{"class":66},[52,73888,73889,73891,73893,73895],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73890,118],{"class":101},[52,73892,105],{"class":66},[52,73894,17596],{"class":108},[52,73896,112],{"class":66},[20,73898,311],{},[43,73900,73902],{"className":45,"code":73901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73903,73904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73905,73906,73908,73910,73912,73914,73916,73918,73920,73922,73924,73926,73928,73930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73907,3994],{"class":66},[52,73909,3406],{"class":756},[52,73911,13199],{"class":760},[52,73913,3406],{"class":756},[52,73915,74],{"class":66},[52,73917,3401],{"class":756},[52,73919,17549],{"class":760},[52,73921,3406],{"class":756},[52,73923,74],{"class":66},[52,73925,3401],{"class":756},[52,73927,13182],{"class":760},[52,73929,3406],{"class":756},[52,73931,90],{"class":66},[38,73933,246],{"id":245},[20,73935,73936],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[43,73938,73940],{"className":45,"code":73939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73941,73942,73966,73976],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73943,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958,73960,73962,73964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73945,59],{"class":58},[52,73947,63],{"class":62},[52,73949,67],{"class":66},[52,73951,430],{"class":70},[52,73953,74],{"class":66},[52,73955,7874],{"class":70},[52,73957,74],{"class":66},[52,73959,7879],{"class":70},[52,73961,74],{"class":66},[52,73963,50927],{"class":70},[52,73965,90],{"class":66},[52,73967,73968,73970,73972,73974],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,73969,109],{"class":58},[52,73971,242],{"class":66},[52,73973,73651],{"class":108},[52,73975,8729],{"class":66},[52,73977,73978,73980,73982,73984],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,73979,118],{"class":101},[52,73981,105],{"class":66},[52,73983,109],{"class":108},[52,73985,112],{"class":66},[20,73987,311],{},[43,73989,73991],{"className":45,"code":73990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73992,73993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,73994,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005,74007,74009,74011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,73996,3994],{"class":66},[52,73998,56772],{"class":70},[52,74000,74],{"class":66},[52,74002,7879],{"class":70},[52,74004,74],{"class":66},[52,74006,7874],{"class":70},[52,74008,74],{"class":66},[52,74010,270],{"class":70},[52,74012,90],{"class":66},[20,74014,323],{},[153,74016,74017,74023,74028],{},[156,74018,74019,74020],{},"The list starts as ",[15,74021,74022],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[156,74024,74025,74027],{},[15,74026,73595],{}," flips the order",[156,74029,74030],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[38,74032,74034,74036],{"id":74033},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,74035,73595],{}," changes the original list",[20,74038,74039,74040,74043],{},"This method is ",[3842,74041,74042],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[43,74045,74047],{"className":45,"code":74046,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,74048,74049,74081,74091,74095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74050,74051,74053,74055,74057,74059,74061,74063,74065,74067,74069,74071,74073,74075,74077,74079],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74052,36333],{"class":58},[52,74054,63],{"class":62},[52,74056,67],{"class":66},[52,74058,757],{"class":756},[52,74060,4171],{"class":760},[52,74062,757],{"class":756},[52,74064,74],{"class":66},[52,74066,768],{"class":756},[52,74068,4180],{"class":760},[52,74070,757],{"class":756},[52,74072,74],{"class":66},[52,74074,768],{"class":756},[52,74076,4189],{"class":760},[52,74078,757],{"class":756},[52,74080,90],{"class":66},[52,74082,74083,74085,74087,74089],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74084,36385],{"class":58},[52,74086,242],{"class":66},[52,74088,73651],{"class":108},[52,74090,8729],{"class":66},[52,74092,74093],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74094,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,74096,74097,74099,74101,74103],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,74098,118],{"class":101},[52,74100,105],{"class":66},[52,74102,36385],{"class":108},[52,74104,112],{"class":66},[20,74106,311],{},[43,74108,74110],{"className":45,"code":74109,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74111,74112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74113,74114,74116,74118,74120,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136,74138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74115,3994],{"class":66},[52,74117,3406],{"class":756},[52,74119,4189],{"class":760},[52,74121,3406],{"class":756},[52,74123,74],{"class":66},[52,74125,3401],{"class":756},[52,74127,4180],{"class":760},[52,74129,3406],{"class":756},[52,74131,74],{"class":66},[52,74133,3401],{"class":756},[52,74135,4171],{"class":760},[52,74137,3406],{"class":756},[52,74139,90],{"class":66},[20,74141,133,74142,74144],{},[15,74143,73595],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,74146,74147],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[43,74149,74151],{"className":45,"code":74150,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,74152,74153,74185,74203,74207,74217],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74154,74155,74157,74159,74161,74163,74165,74167,74169,74171,74173,74175,74177,74179,74181,74183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74156,36333],{"class":58},[52,74158,63],{"class":62},[52,74160,67],{"class":66},[52,74162,757],{"class":756},[52,74164,4171],{"class":760},[52,74166,757],{"class":756},[52,74168,74],{"class":66},[52,74170,768],{"class":756},[52,74172,4180],{"class":760},[52,74174,757],{"class":756},[52,74176,74],{"class":66},[52,74178,768],{"class":756},[52,74180,4189],{"class":760},[52,74182,757],{"class":756},[52,74184,90],{"class":66},[52,74186,74187,74190,74192,74194,74197,74199,74201],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74188,74189],{"class":58},"reversed_fruits ",[52,74191,63],{"class":62},[52,74193,52933],{"class":58},[52,74195,74196],{"class":66},"[::",[52,74198,2142],{"class":62},[52,74200,71],{"class":70},[52,74202,90],{"class":66},[52,74204,74205],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74206,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,74208,74209,74211,74213,74215],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,74210,118],{"class":101},[52,74212,105],{"class":66},[52,74214,36385],{"class":108},[52,74216,112],{"class":66},[52,74218,74219,74221,74223,74226],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,74220,118],{"class":101},[52,74222,105],{"class":66},[52,74224,74225],{"class":108},"reversed_fruits",[52,74227,112],{"class":66},[20,74229,311],{},[43,74231,74233],{"className":45,"code":74232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,74234,74235,74263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74236,74237,74239,74241,74243,74245,74247,74249,74251,74253,74255,74257,74259,74261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74238,3994],{"class":66},[52,74240,3406],{"class":756},[52,74242,4171],{"class":760},[52,74244,3406],{"class":756},[52,74246,74],{"class":66},[52,74248,3401],{"class":756},[52,74250,4180],{"class":760},[52,74252,3406],{"class":756},[52,74254,74],{"class":66},[52,74256,3401],{"class":756},[52,74258,4189],{"class":760},[52,74260,3406],{"class":756},[52,74262,90],{"class":66},[52,74264,74265,74267,74269,74271,74273,74275,74277,74279,74281,74283,74285,74287,74289],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74266,3994],{"class":66},[52,74268,3406],{"class":756},[52,74270,4189],{"class":760},[52,74272,3406],{"class":756},[52,74274,74],{"class":66},[52,74276,3401],{"class":756},[52,74278,4180],{"class":760},[52,74280,3406],{"class":756},[52,74282,74],{"class":66},[52,74284,3401],{"class":756},[52,74286,4171],{"class":760},[52,74288,3406],{"class":756},[52,74290,90],{"class":66},[20,74292,74293,74294,242],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[236,74295,74296],{"href":73613},"Python list slicing explained",[38,74298,74300],{"id":74299},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,74302,74303],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[43,74305,74307],{"className":45,"code":74306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74308,74309,74329,74343,74347,74358],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74310,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321,74323,74325,74327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74312,59],{"class":58},[52,74314,63],{"class":62},[52,74316,67],{"class":66},[52,74318,71],{"class":70},[52,74320,74],{"class":66},[52,74322,77],{"class":70},[52,74324,74],{"class":66},[52,74326,82],{"class":70},[52,74328,90],{"class":66},[52,74330,74331,74333,74335,74337,74339,74341],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74332,55970],{"class":58},[52,74334,63],{"class":62},[52,74336,1686],{"class":58},[52,74338,242],{"class":66},[52,74340,73651],{"class":108},[52,74342,8729],{"class":66},[52,74344,74345],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74346,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,74348,74349,74351,74353,74356],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,74350,118],{"class":101},[52,74352,105],{"class":66},[52,74354,74355],{"class":108},"new_list",[52,74357,112],{"class":66},[52,74359,74360,74362,74364,74366],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,74361,118],{"class":101},[52,74363,105],{"class":66},[52,74365,109],{"class":108},[52,74367,112],{"class":66},[20,74369,311],{},[43,74371,74373],{"className":45,"code":74372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74374,74375,74379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74376,74377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74378,11895],{"class":674},[52,74380,74381,74383,74385,74387,74389,74391,74393],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74382,3994],{"class":66},[52,74384,445],{"class":70},[52,74386,74],{"class":66},[52,74388,77],{"class":70},[52,74390,74],{"class":66},[52,74392,5586],{"class":70},[52,74394,90],{"class":66},[20,74396,11987],{},[153,74398,74399,74407,74411],{},[156,74400,74401,74403,74404,74406],{},[15,74402,73595],{}," changes ",[15,74405,109],{}," directly",[156,74408,40996,74409,71913],{},[3842,74410,4722],{},[156,74412,53734,74413,42241,74415],{},[15,74414,74355],{},[15,74416,3878],{},[20,74418,61974],{},[43,74420,74422],{"className":45,"code":74421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74423,74424,74444,74454,74458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74425,74426,74428,74430,74432,74434,74436,74438,74440,74442],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74427,59],{"class":58},[52,74429,63],{"class":62},[52,74431,67],{"class":66},[52,74433,71],{"class":70},[52,74435,74],{"class":66},[52,74437,77],{"class":70},[52,74439,74],{"class":66},[52,74441,82],{"class":70},[52,74443,90],{"class":66},[52,74445,74446,74448,74450,74452],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74447,109],{"class":58},[52,74449,242],{"class":66},[52,74451,73651],{"class":108},[52,74453,8729],{"class":66},[52,74455,74456],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74457,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,74459,74460,74462,74464,74466],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,74461,118],{"class":101},[52,74463,105],{"class":66},[52,74465,109],{"class":108},[52,74467,112],{"class":66},[20,74469,311],{},[43,74471,74473],{"className":45,"code":74472,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,74474,74475],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74476,74477,74479,74481,74483,74485,74487,74489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74478,3994],{"class":66},[52,74480,445],{"class":70},[52,74482,74],{"class":66},[52,74484,77],{"class":70},[52,74486,74],{"class":66},[52,74488,5586],{"class":70},[52,74490,90],{"class":66},[38,74492,74494,10672,74496,74499],{"id":74493},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74495,73595],{},[15,74497,74498],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74501,74502],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[461,74504,74505],{"id":73651},[15,74506,73595],{},[20,74508,74509,74511],{},[15,74510,73595],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[43,74513,74515],{"className":45,"code":74514,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74516,74517,74537,74547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74518,74519,74521,74523,74525,74527,74529,74531,74533,74535],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74520,59],{"class":58},[52,74522,63],{"class":62},[52,74524,67],{"class":66},[52,74526,445],{"class":70},[52,74528,74],{"class":66},[52,74530,5586],{"class":70},[52,74532,74],{"class":66},[52,74534,77],{"class":70},[52,74536,90],{"class":66},[52,74538,74539,74541,74543,74545],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74540,109],{"class":58},[52,74542,242],{"class":66},[52,74544,73651],{"class":108},[52,74546,8729],{"class":66},[52,74548,74549,74551,74553,74555],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74550,118],{"class":101},[52,74552,105],{"class":66},[52,74554,109],{"class":108},[52,74556,112],{"class":66},[20,74558,311],{},[43,74560,74562],{"className":45,"code":74561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74563,74564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74565,74566,74568,74570,74572,74574,74576,74578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74567,3994],{"class":66},[52,74569,440],{"class":70},[52,74571,74],{"class":66},[52,74573,5586],{"class":70},[52,74575,74],{"class":66},[52,74577,82],{"class":70},[52,74579,90],{"class":66},[20,74581,74582,74583,74585],{},"Notice that this is ",[3842,74584,4722],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[461,74587,74589],{"id":74588},"sorted",[15,74590,74498],{},[20,74592,74593,74598],{},[236,74594,74596],{"href":74595},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74597,74498],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[43,74600,74602],{"className":45,"code":74601,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74603,74604,74624,74639,74643,74653],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74605,74606,74608,74610,74612,74614,74616,74618,74620,74622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74607,59],{"class":58},[52,74609,63],{"class":62},[52,74611,67],{"class":66},[52,74613,445],{"class":70},[52,74615,74],{"class":66},[52,74617,5586],{"class":70},[52,74619,74],{"class":66},[52,74621,77],{"class":70},[52,74623,90],{"class":66},[52,74625,74626,74628,74630,74633,74635,74637],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74627,2347],{"class":58},[52,74629,63],{"class":62},[52,74631,74632],{"class":101}," sorted",[52,74634,105],{"class":66},[52,74636,109],{"class":108},[52,74638,112],{"class":66},[52,74640,74641],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74642,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,74644,74645,74647,74649,74651],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,74646,118],{"class":101},[52,74648,105],{"class":66},[52,74650,109],{"class":108},[52,74652,112],{"class":66},[52,74654,74655,74657,74659,74661],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,74656,118],{"class":101},[52,74658,105],{"class":66},[52,74660,2382],{"class":108},[52,74662,112],{"class":66},[20,74664,311],{},[43,74666,74668],{"className":45,"code":74667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74669,74670,74686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74671,74672,74674,74676,74678,74680,74682,74684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74673,3994],{"class":66},[52,74675,445],{"class":70},[52,74677,74],{"class":66},[52,74679,5586],{"class":70},[52,74681,74],{"class":66},[52,74683,77],{"class":70},[52,74685,90],{"class":66},[52,74687,74688,74690,74692,74694,74696,74698,74700],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74689,3994],{"class":66},[52,74691,71],{"class":70},[52,74693,74],{"class":66},[52,74695,77],{"class":70},[52,74697,74],{"class":66},[52,74699,82],{"class":70},[52,74701,90],{"class":66},[20,74703,74704,74705,242],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74706,74707],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[461,74709,74711],{"id":74710},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74713,74714,74715,74718],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74716,74717],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[43,74720,74722],{"className":45,"code":74721,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74723,74724,74744,74760,74764,74774],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74725,74726,74728,74730,74732,74734,74736,74738,74740,74742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74727,59],{"class":58},[52,74729,63],{"class":62},[52,74731,67],{"class":66},[52,74733,445],{"class":70},[52,74735,74],{"class":66},[52,74737,5586],{"class":70},[52,74739,74],{"class":66},[52,74741,77],{"class":70},[52,74743,90],{"class":66},[52,74745,74746,74748,74750,74752,74754,74756,74758],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74747,2347],{"class":58},[52,74749,63],{"class":62},[52,74751,1686],{"class":58},[52,74753,74196],{"class":66},[52,74755,2142],{"class":62},[52,74757,71],{"class":70},[52,74759,90],{"class":66},[52,74761,74762],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74763,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,74765,74766,74768,74770,74772],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,74767,118],{"class":101},[52,74769,105],{"class":66},[52,74771,109],{"class":108},[52,74773,112],{"class":66},[52,74775,74776,74778,74780,74782],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,74777,118],{"class":101},[52,74779,105],{"class":66},[52,74781,2382],{"class":108},[52,74783,112],{"class":66},[20,74785,311],{},[43,74787,74789],{"className":45,"code":74788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74790,74791,74807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74792,74793,74795,74797,74799,74801,74803,74805],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74794,3994],{"class":66},[52,74796,445],{"class":70},[52,74798,74],{"class":66},[52,74800,5586],{"class":70},[52,74802,74],{"class":66},[52,74804,77],{"class":70},[52,74806,90],{"class":66},[52,74808,74809,74811,74813,74815,74817,74819,74821],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74810,3994],{"class":66},[52,74812,440],{"class":70},[52,74814,74],{"class":66},[52,74816,5586],{"class":70},[52,74818,74],{"class":66},[52,74820,82],{"class":70},[52,74822,90],{"class":66},[461,74824,74826],{"id":74825},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[153,74828,74829,74834,74839],{},[156,74830,133,74831,74833],{},[15,74832,73595],{}," when you want to change the original list",[156,74835,133,74836,74838],{},[15,74837,74717],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[156,74840,133,74841,74843],{},[15,74842,74498],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74845,74846,74847,74853],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[236,74848,74850,74851,10828],{"href":74849},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74852,64387],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[38,74855,5054,74857],{"id":74856},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74858,73595],{},[20,74860,74861,74863],{},[15,74862,73595],{}," is a good choice:",[153,74865,74866,74869,74872],{},[156,74867,74868],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[156,74870,74871],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[156,74873,74874],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74876,74877,74878,242],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[236,74879,74881],{"href":74880},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[38,74883,1766],{"id":1765},[20,74885,74886,74887,74889],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74888,73595],{}," for these reasons:",[153,74891,74892,74896,74901,74906],{},[156,74893,12682,74894,12685],{},[15,74895,73595],{},[156,74897,8538,74898,74900],{},[15,74899,73595],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[156,74902,1372,74903,74905],{},[15,74904,73595],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[156,74907,37298,74908,8791,74910],{},[15,74909,73595],{},[15,74911,74912],{},"reversed()",[20,74914,74915],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[43,74917,74919],{"className":45,"code":74918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74920,74921,74933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74922,74923,74925,74927,74929,74931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74924,34785],{"class":58},[52,74926,63],{"class":62},[52,74928,768],{"class":756},[52,74930,761],{"class":760},[52,74932,3465],{"class":756},[52,74934,74935,74937,74939,74941],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74936,34806],{"class":58},[52,74938,242],{"class":66},[52,74940,73651],{"class":108},[52,74942,8729],{"class":66},[20,74944,74945,74946,33697],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74947,73595],{},[20,74949,74950],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[43,74952,74954],{"className":45,"code":74953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74955,74956,74976,74980,74990,75004,75008,75022,75032,75036],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,74957,74958,74960,74962,74964,74966,74968,74970,74972,74974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,74959,8394],{"class":58},[52,74961,63],{"class":62},[52,74963,67],{"class":66},[52,74965,71],{"class":70},[52,74967,74],{"class":66},[52,74969,77],{"class":70},[52,74971,74],{"class":66},[52,74973,82],{"class":70},[52,74975,90],{"class":66},[52,74977,74978],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,74979,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,74981,74982,74984,74986,74988],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,74983,118],{"class":101},[52,74985,105],{"class":66},[52,74987,8425],{"class":108},[52,74989,112],{"class":66},[52,74991,74992,74994,74996,74998,75000,75002],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,74993,118],{"class":101},[52,74995,105],{"class":66},[52,74997,1827],{"class":1184},[52,74999,105],{"class":66},[52,75001,8425],{"class":108},[52,75003,510],{"class":66},[52,75005,75006],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,75007,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,75009,75010,75012,75014,75016,75018,75020],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,75011,2347],{"class":58},[52,75013,63],{"class":62},[52,75015,8482],{"class":58},[52,75017,242],{"class":66},[52,75019,73651],{"class":108},[52,75021,8729],{"class":66},[52,75023,75024,75026,75028,75030],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,75025,118],{"class":101},[52,75027,105],{"class":66},[52,75029,2382],{"class":108},[52,75031,112],{"class":66},[52,75033,75034],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,75035,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,75037,75038,75040,75042,75044,75046,75048,75050],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,75039,118],{"class":101},[52,75041,105],{"class":66},[52,75043,8425],{"class":108},[52,75045,74196],{"class":66},[52,75047,2142],{"class":62},[52,75049,71],{"class":70},[52,75051,1858],{"class":66},[20,75053,311],{},[43,75055,75057],{"className":45,"code":75056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,75058,75059,75075,75089,75093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75060,75061,75063,75065,75067,75069,75071,75073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75062,3994],{"class":66},[52,75064,71],{"class":70},[52,75066,74],{"class":66},[52,75068,77],{"class":70},[52,75070,74],{"class":66},[52,75072,82],{"class":70},[52,75074,90],{"class":66},[52,75076,75077,75079,75081,75083,75085,75087],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,75078,3395],{"class":62},[52,75080,3398],{"class":2184},[52,75082,3401],{"class":756},[52,75084,8179],{"class":760},[52,75086,3406],{"class":756},[52,75088,3409],{"class":62},[52,75090,75091],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75092,11895],{"class":674},[52,75094,75095,75097,75099,75101,75103,75105,75107],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,75096,3994],{"class":66},[52,75098,71],{"class":70},[52,75100,74],{"class":66},[52,75102,77],{"class":70},[52,75104,74],{"class":66},[52,75106,5586],{"class":70},[52,75108,90],{"class":66},[20,75110,75111],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[43,75113,75115],{"className":45,"code":75114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,75116,75117,75137,75141,75151,75165,75169,75183,75193,75203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75118,75119,75121,75123,75125,75127,75129,75131,75133,75135],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75120,8394],{"class":58},[52,75122,63],{"class":62},[52,75124,67],{"class":66},[52,75126,71],{"class":70},[52,75128,74],{"class":66},[52,75130,77],{"class":70},[52,75132,74],{"class":66},[52,75134,82],{"class":70},[52,75136,90],{"class":66},[52,75138,75139],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,75140,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,75142,75143,75145,75147,75149],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75144,118],{"class":101},[52,75146,105],{"class":66},[52,75148,8425],{"class":108},[52,75150,112],{"class":66},[52,75152,75153,75155,75157,75159,75161,75163],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,75154,118],{"class":101},[52,75156,105],{"class":66},[52,75158,1827],{"class":1184},[52,75160,105],{"class":66},[52,75162,8425],{"class":108},[52,75164,510],{"class":66},[52,75166,75167],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,75168,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,75170,75171,75173,75175,75177,75179,75181],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,75172,2347],{"class":58},[52,75174,63],{"class":62},[52,75176,8482],{"class":58},[52,75178,242],{"class":66},[52,75180,73651],{"class":108},[52,75182,8729],{"class":66},[52,75184,75185,75187,75189,75191],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,75186,118],{"class":101},[52,75188,105],{"class":66},[52,75190,2382],{"class":108},[52,75192,112],{"class":66},[52,75194,75195,75197,75199,75201],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,75196,118],{"class":101},[52,75198,105],{"class":66},[52,75200,8425],{"class":108},[52,75202,112],{"class":66},[52,75204,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,75206,118],{"class":101},[52,75208,105],{"class":66},[52,75210,8425],{"class":108},[52,75212,74196],{"class":66},[52,75214,2142],{"class":62},[52,75216,71],{"class":70},[52,75218,1858],{"class":66},[20,75220,311],{},[43,75222,75224],{"className":45,"code":75223,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,75225,75226,75242,75256,75260,75276],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75227,75228,75230,75232,75234,75236,75238,75240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75229,3994],{"class":66},[52,75231,71],{"class":70},[52,75233,74],{"class":66},[52,75235,77],{"class":70},[52,75237,74],{"class":66},[52,75239,82],{"class":70},[52,75241,90],{"class":66},[52,75243,75244,75246,75248,75250,75252,75254],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,75245,3395],{"class":62},[52,75247,3398],{"class":2184},[52,75249,3401],{"class":756},[52,75251,8179],{"class":760},[52,75253,3406],{"class":756},[52,75255,3409],{"class":62},[52,75257,75258],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75259,11895],{"class":674},[52,75261,75262,75264,75266,75268,75270,75272,75274],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,75263,3994],{"class":66},[52,75265,445],{"class":70},[52,75267,74],{"class":66},[52,75269,77],{"class":70},[52,75271,74],{"class":66},[52,75273,5586],{"class":70},[52,75275,90],{"class":66},[52,75277,75278,75280,75282,75284,75286,75288,75290],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,75279,3994],{"class":66},[52,75281,71],{"class":70},[52,75283,74],{"class":66},[52,75285,77],{"class":70},[52,75287,74],{"class":66},[52,75289,82],{"class":70},[52,75291,90],{"class":66},[20,75293,75294],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[153,75296,75297,75306,75315],{},[156,75298,27890,75299,75302,75303],{},[15,75300,75301],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,75304,75305],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[156,75307,12003,75308,75311,75312,22655],{},[15,75309,75310],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3842,75313,75314],{},"current",[156,75316,75317,75318],{},"So it prints ",[15,75319,75320],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[38,75322,1919],{"id":1918},[461,75324,12792,75326,55549],{"id":75325},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,75327,73600],{},[20,75329,62679,75330,242],{},[15,75331,3878],{},[461,75333,34302,75335,34305,75337,1963],{"id":75334},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,75336,73595],{},[15,75338,75339],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,75341,75342,75344],{},[15,75343,73595],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,75346,75347,75349],{},[15,75348,75339],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[461,75351,28423,75353,75355],{"id":75352},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,75354,73595],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,75357,46450,75358,75360],{},[15,75359,73595],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[461,75362,75364],{"id":75363},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,75366,75367],{},"Use slicing:",[43,75369,75371],{"className":45,"code":75370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,75372,75373],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75374,75375,75377,75379,75381,75383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75376,8425],{"class":58},[52,75378,74196],{"class":66},[52,75380,2142],{"class":62},[52,75382,71],{"class":70},[52,75384,90],{"class":66},[20,75386,75387],{},"Or use:",[43,75389,75391],{"className":45,"code":75390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,75392,75393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75394,75395,75397,75399,75402,75404,75406],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75396,8179],{"class":1184},[52,75398,105],{"class":66},[52,75400,75401],{"class":101},"reversed",[52,75403,105],{"class":66},[52,75405,8425],{"class":108},[52,75407,510],{"class":66},[20,75409,75410,75411,75415],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[236,75412,55600,75413],{"href":55040},[15,75414,12865],{}," can also help.",[38,75417,1986],{"id":1985},[153,75419,75420,75426,75432,75436,75440],{},[156,75421,75422],{},[236,75423,55600,75424,10828],{"href":74849},[15,75425,64387],{},[156,75427,75428],{},[236,75429,13,75430,1999],{"href":74595},[15,75431,74498],{},[156,75433,75434],{},[236,75435,74881],{"href":74880},[156,75437,75438],{},[236,75439,74296],{"href":73613},[156,75441,75442],{},[236,75443,55600,75444,10828],{"href":55040},[15,75445,12865],{},[2029,75447,75448],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":75450},[75451,75452,75454,75455,75456,75458,75459,75466,75468,75469,75478],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":73674,"depth":93,"text":75453},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":74033,"depth":93,"text":75457},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":74299,"depth":93,"text":74300},{"id":74493,"depth":93,"text":75460,"children":75461},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[75462,75463,75464,75465],{"id":73651,"depth":115,"text":73595},{"id":74588,"depth":115,"text":74498},{"id":74710,"depth":115,"text":74711},{"id":74825,"depth":115,"text":74826},{"id":74856,"depth":93,"text":75467},"When to use reverse()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":75470},[75471,75473,75475,75477],{"id":75325,"depth":115,"text":75472},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":75334,"depth":115,"text":75474},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":75352,"depth":115,"text":75476},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":75363,"depth":115,"text":75364},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73587,"description":75479},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75486,"title":75487,"body":75488,"description":77920,"extension":2083,"meta":77921,"navigation":296,"path":77922,"seo":77923,"stem":77924,"__hash__":77925},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75489,"toc":77888},[75490,75493,75505,75508,75531,75539,75541,75653,75662,75666,75669,75672,75759,75761,75794,75796,75819,75825,75829,75832,75854,75856,75873,75876,75896,75898,76008,76010,76087,76091,76094,76136,76138,76271,76273,76375,76380,76384,76387,76389,76403,76406,76520,76522,76596,76598,76626,76630,76635,76665,76668,76794,76796,76878,76884,76888,76890,76929,76938,76942,76945,76949,76996,76998,77006,77010,77061,77063,77076,77078,77092,77095,77103,77105,77152,77154,77162,77165,77208,77213,77216,77219,77242,77246,77297,77300,77321,77331,77335,77337,77367,77370,77393,77397,77400,77467,77469,77506,77509,77517,77584,77586,77623,77629,77636,77640,77643,77673,77678,77682,77685,77709,77712,77806,77816,77818,77822,77825,77829,77832,77837,77840,77846,77849,77851,77879,77885],[10,75491,75487],{"id":75492},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75494,75495,75496,2305,75498,17165,75501,75504],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75497,35],{},[15,75499,75500],{},"stop",[15,75502,75503],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75506,75507],{},"The basic slice form is:",[43,75509,75511],{"className":45,"code":75510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75512,75513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75514,75515,75517,75519,75521,75523,75525,75527,75529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75516,8425],{"class":58},[52,75518,3994],{"class":66},[52,75520,35],{"class":58},[52,75522,1772],{"class":66},[52,75524,75500],{"class":58},[52,75526,1772],{"class":66},[52,75528,75503],{"class":58},[52,75530,90],{"class":66},[20,75532,75533,75534,75536,75537,242],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75535,75500],{}," position is ",[3842,75538,65145],{},[38,75540,41],{"id":40},[43,75542,75544],{"className":45,"code":75543,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75545,75546,75574,75578,75599,75617,75634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75547,75548,75550,75552,75554,75556,75558,75560,75562,75564,75566,75568,75570,75572],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75549,59],{"class":58},[52,75551,63],{"class":62},[52,75553,67],{"class":66},[52,75555,430],{"class":70},[52,75557,74],{"class":66},[52,75559,7874],{"class":70},[52,75561,74],{"class":66},[52,75563,7879],{"class":70},[52,75565,74],{"class":66},[52,75567,50927],{"class":70},[52,75569,74],{"class":66},[52,75571,5174],{"class":70},[52,75573,90],{"class":66},[52,75575,75576],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,75577,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,75579,75580,75582,75584,75586,75588,75590,75592,75594,75596],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75581,118],{"class":101},[52,75583,105],{"class":66},[52,75585,109],{"class":108},[52,75587,3994],{"class":66},[52,75589,71],{"class":70},[52,75591,1772],{"class":66},[52,75593,1595],{"class":70},[52,75595,20540],{"class":66},[52,75597,75598],{"class":129},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[52,75600,75601,75603,75605,75607,75610,75612,75614],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,75602,118],{"class":101},[52,75604,105],{"class":66},[52,75606,109],{"class":108},[52,75608,75609],{"class":66},"[:",[52,75611,445],{"class":70},[52,75613,20540],{"class":66},[52,75615,75616],{"class":129},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[52,75618,75619,75621,75623,75625,75627,75629,75631],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,75620,118],{"class":101},[52,75622,105],{"class":66},[52,75624,109],{"class":108},[52,75626,74196],{"class":66},[52,75628,440],{"class":70},[52,75630,20540],{"class":66},[52,75632,75633],{"class":129},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[52,75635,75636,75638,75640,75642,75644,75646,75648,75650],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,75637,118],{"class":101},[52,75639,105],{"class":66},[52,75641,109],{"class":108},[52,75643,74196],{"class":66},[52,75645,2142],{"class":62},[52,75647,71],{"class":70},[52,75649,20540],{"class":66},[52,75651,75652],{"class":129},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75654,133,75655,75658,75659,75661],{},[15,75656,75657],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75660,75500],{}," value is not included.",[38,75663,75665],{"id":75664},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75667,75668],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75670,75671],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[43,75673,75675],{"className":45,"code":75674,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75676,75677,75725,75729,75748],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75678,75679,75681,75683,75685,75687,75689,75691,75693,75695,75697,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711,75713,75715,75717,75719,75721,75723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75680,1387],{"class":58},[52,75682,63],{"class":62},[52,75684,67],{"class":66},[52,75686,757],{"class":756},[52,75688,236],{"class":760},[52,75690,757],{"class":756},[52,75692,74],{"class":66},[52,75694,768],{"class":756},[52,75696,4853],{"class":760},[52,75698,757],{"class":756},[52,75700,74],{"class":66},[52,75702,768],{"class":756},[52,75704,9825],{"class":760},[52,75706,757],{"class":756},[52,75708,74],{"class":66},[52,75710,768],{"class":756},[52,75712,18861],{"class":760},[52,75714,757],{"class":756},[52,75716,74],{"class":66},[52,75718,768],{"class":756},[52,75720,60526],{"class":760},[52,75722,757],{"class":756},[52,75724,90],{"class":66},[52,75726,75727],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,75728,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,75730,75731,75734,75736,75738,75740,75742,75744,75746],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75732,75733],{"class":58},"part ",[52,75735,63],{"class":62},[52,75737,70170],{"class":58},[52,75739,3994],{"class":66},[52,75741,71],{"class":70},[52,75743,1772],{"class":66},[52,75745,1595],{"class":70},[52,75747,90],{"class":66},[52,75749,75750,75752,75754,75757],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,75751,118],{"class":101},[52,75753,105],{"class":66},[52,75755,75756],{"class":108},"part",[52,75758,112],{"class":66},[20,75760,311],{},[43,75762,75764],{"className":45,"code":75763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75765,75766],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75767,75768,75770,75772,75774,75776,75778,75780,75782,75784,75786,75788,75790,75792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75769,3994],{"class":66},[52,75771,3406],{"class":756},[52,75773,4853],{"class":760},[52,75775,3406],{"class":756},[52,75777,74],{"class":66},[52,75779,3401],{"class":756},[52,75781,9825],{"class":760},[52,75783,3406],{"class":756},[52,75785,74],{"class":66},[52,75787,3401],{"class":756},[52,75789,18861],{"class":760},[52,75791,3406],{"class":756},[52,75793,90],{"class":66},[20,75795,13141],{},[153,75797,75798,75801,75804,75810,75816],{},[156,75799,75800],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[156,75802,75803],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[156,75805,75806,75807],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75808,75809],{},"list[start:stop]",[156,75811,75812,75813,75815],{},"The item at ",[15,75814,75500],{}," is not included",[156,75817,75818],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75820,75821,75822,242],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[236,75823,75824],{"href":51063},"beginner guide to Python lists",[38,75826,75828],{"id":75827},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75830,75831],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[43,75833,75834],{"className":45,"code":75510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,75835,75836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75837,75838,75840,75842,75844,75846,75848,75850,75852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75839,8425],{"class":58},[52,75841,3994],{"class":66},[52,75843,35],{"class":58},[52,75845,1772],{"class":66},[52,75847,75500],{"class":58},[52,75849,1772],{"class":66},[52,75851,75503],{"class":58},[52,75853,90],{"class":66},[20,75855,65121],{},[153,75857,75858,75863,75868],{},[156,75859,75860,75862],{},[15,75861,35],{}," is where slicing begins",[156,75864,75865,75867],{},[15,75866,75500],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[156,75869,75870,75872],{},[15,75871,75503],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75874,75875],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[153,75877,75878,75884,75889],{},[156,75879,75880,75881,75883],{},"Missing ",[15,75882,35],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[156,75885,75880,75886,75888],{},[15,75887,75500],{}," means go to the end of the list",[156,75890,75880,75891,75893,75894],{},[15,75892,75503],{}," means use ",[15,75895,71],{},[20,75897,2324],{},[43,75899,75901],{"className":45,"code":75900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75902,75903,75931,75935,75956,75973,75991],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,75904,75905,75907,75909,75911,75913,75915,75917,75919,75921,75923,75925,75927,75929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,75906,59],{"class":58},[52,75908,63],{"class":62},[52,75910,67],{"class":66},[52,75912,430],{"class":70},[52,75914,74],{"class":66},[52,75916,7874],{"class":70},[52,75918,74],{"class":66},[52,75920,7879],{"class":70},[52,75922,74],{"class":66},[52,75924,50927],{"class":70},[52,75926,74],{"class":66},[52,75928,5174],{"class":70},[52,75930,90],{"class":66},[52,75932,75933],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,75934,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,75936,75937,75939,75941,75943,75945,75947,75949,75951,75953],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,75938,118],{"class":101},[52,75940,105],{"class":66},[52,75942,109],{"class":108},[52,75944,3994],{"class":66},[52,75946,71],{"class":70},[52,75948,1772],{"class":66},[52,75950,1595],{"class":70},[52,75952,20540],{"class":66},[52,75954,75955],{"class":129},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[52,75957,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,75959,118],{"class":101},[52,75961,105],{"class":66},[52,75963,109],{"class":108},[52,75965,75609],{"class":66},[52,75967,445],{"class":70},[52,75969,20540],{"class":66},[52,75971,75972],{"class":129},"    # start from the beginning\n",[52,75974,75975,75977,75979,75981,75983,75985,75988],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,75976,118],{"class":101},[52,75978,105],{"class":66},[52,75980,109],{"class":108},[52,75982,3994],{"class":66},[52,75984,440],{"class":70},[52,75986,75987],{"class":66},":])",[52,75989,75990],{"class":129},"    # go to the end\n",[52,75992,75993,75995,75997,75999,76001,76003,76005],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,75994,118],{"class":101},[52,75996,105],{"class":66},[52,75998,109],{"class":108},[52,76000,74196],{"class":66},[52,76002,71],{"class":70},[52,76004,20540],{"class":66},[52,76006,76007],{"class":129},"   # step of 1\n",[20,76009,311],{},[43,76011,76013],{"className":45,"code":76012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,76014,76015,76031,76047,76063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76016,76017,76019,76021,76023,76025,76027,76029],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76018,3994],{"class":66},[52,76020,15846],{"class":70},[52,76022,74],{"class":66},[52,76024,7879],{"class":70},[52,76026,74],{"class":66},[52,76028,50927],{"class":70},[52,76030,90],{"class":66},[52,76032,76033,76035,76037,76039,76041,76043,76045],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76034,3994],{"class":66},[52,76036,430],{"class":70},[52,76038,74],{"class":66},[52,76040,7874],{"class":70},[52,76042,74],{"class":66},[52,76044,7879],{"class":70},[52,76046,90],{"class":66},[52,76048,76049,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76050,3994],{"class":66},[52,76052,36935],{"class":70},[52,76054,74],{"class":66},[52,76056,50927],{"class":70},[52,76058,74],{"class":66},[52,76060,5174],{"class":70},[52,76062,90],{"class":66},[52,76064,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075,76077,76079,76081,76083,76085],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,76066,3994],{"class":66},[52,76068,430],{"class":70},[52,76070,74],{"class":66},[52,76072,7874],{"class":70},[52,76074,74],{"class":66},[52,76076,7879],{"class":70},[52,76078,74],{"class":66},[52,76080,50927],{"class":70},[52,76082,74],{"class":66},[52,76084,5174],{"class":70},[52,76086,90],{"class":66},[38,76088,76090],{"id":76089},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,76092,76093],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[153,76095,76096,76104,76113,76124,76130],{},[156,76097,76098,76101,76102,6053],{},[15,76099,76100],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,76103,1441],{},[156,76105,76106,76109,76110,76112],{},[15,76107,76108],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,76111,1441],{}," to the end",[156,76114,76115,76118,76119,76121,76122],{},[15,76116,76117],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,76120,236],{}," up to ",[15,76123,4853],{},[156,76125,76126,76129],{},[15,76127,76128],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[156,76131,76132,76135],{},[15,76133,76134],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,76137,2324],{},[43,76139,76141],{"className":45,"code":76140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,76142,76143,76176,76180,76197,76214,76235,76252],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76144,76145,76147,76149,76151,76153,76155,76157,76159,76161,76163,76165,76167,76169,76171,76174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76146,59],{"class":58},[52,76148,63],{"class":62},[52,76150,67],{"class":66},[52,76152,430],{"class":70},[52,76154,74],{"class":66},[52,76156,7874],{"class":70},[52,76158,74],{"class":66},[52,76160,7879],{"class":70},[52,76162,74],{"class":66},[52,76164,50927],{"class":70},[52,76166,74],{"class":66},[52,76168,5174],{"class":70},[52,76170,74],{"class":66},[52,76172,76173],{"class":70}," 60",[52,76175,90],{"class":66},[52,76177,76178],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76179,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,76181,76182,76184,76186,76188,76190,76192,76194],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76183,118],{"class":101},[52,76185,105],{"class":66},[52,76187,109],{"class":108},[52,76189,75609],{"class":66},[52,76191,445],{"class":70},[52,76193,20540],{"class":66},[52,76195,76196],{"class":129},"    # first 3 items\n",[52,76198,76199,76201,76203,76205,76207,76209,76211],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,76200,118],{"class":101},[52,76202,105],{"class":66},[52,76204,109],{"class":108},[52,76206,3994],{"class":66},[52,76208,445],{"class":70},[52,76210,75987],{"class":66},[52,76212,76213],{"class":129},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[52,76215,76216,76218,76220,76222,76224,76226,76228,76230,76232],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,76217,118],{"class":101},[52,76219,105],{"class":66},[52,76221,109],{"class":108},[52,76223,3994],{"class":66},[52,76225,71],{"class":70},[52,76227,1772],{"class":66},[52,76229,265],{"class":70},[52,76231,20540],{"class":66},[52,76233,76234],{"class":129},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[52,76236,76237,76239,76241,76243,76245,76247,76249],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,76238,118],{"class":101},[52,76240,105],{"class":66},[52,76242,109],{"class":108},[52,76244,74196],{"class":66},[52,76246,440],{"class":70},[52,76248,20540],{"class":66},[52,76250,76251],{"class":129},"   # every second item\n",[52,76253,76254,76256,76258,76260,76262,76264,76266,76268],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,76255,118],{"class":101},[52,76257,105],{"class":66},[52,76259,109],{"class":108},[52,76261,74196],{"class":66},[52,76263,2142],{"class":62},[52,76265,71],{"class":70},[52,76267,20540],{"class":66},[52,76269,76270],{"class":129},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,76272,311],{},[43,76274,76276],{"className":45,"code":76275,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,76277,76278,76294,76310,76330,76346],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76279,76280,76282,76284,76286,76288,76290,76292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76281,3994],{"class":66},[52,76283,430],{"class":70},[52,76285,74],{"class":66},[52,76287,7874],{"class":70},[52,76289,74],{"class":66},[52,76291,7879],{"class":70},[52,76293,90],{"class":66},[52,76295,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76297,3994],{"class":66},[52,76299,56772],{"class":70},[52,76301,74],{"class":66},[52,76303,5174],{"class":70},[52,76305,74],{"class":66},[52,76307,76173],{"class":70},[52,76309,90],{"class":66},[52,76311,76312,76314,76316,76318,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76313,3994],{"class":66},[52,76315,15846],{"class":70},[52,76317,74],{"class":66},[52,76319,7879],{"class":70},[52,76321,74],{"class":66},[52,76323,50927],{"class":70},[52,76325,74],{"class":66},[52,76327,5174],{"class":70},[52,76329,90],{"class":66},[52,76331,76332,76334,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,76333,3994],{"class":66},[52,76335,430],{"class":70},[52,76337,74],{"class":66},[52,76339,7879],{"class":70},[52,76341,74],{"class":66},[52,76343,5174],{"class":70},[52,76345,90],{"class":66},[52,76347,76348,76350,76353,76355,76357,76359,76361,76363,76365,76367,76369,76371,76373],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,76349,3994],{"class":66},[52,76351,76352],{"class":70},"60",[52,76354,74],{"class":66},[52,76356,5174],{"class":70},[52,76358,74],{"class":66},[52,76360,50927],{"class":70},[52,76362,74],{"class":66},[52,76364,7879],{"class":70},[52,76366,74],{"class":66},[52,76368,7874],{"class":70},[52,76370,74],{"class":66},[52,76372,270],{"class":70},[52,76374,90],{"class":66},[20,76376,76377,76378,242],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[236,76379,14979],{"href":57299},[38,76381,76383],{"id":76382},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,76385,76386],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,76388,932],{},[153,76390,76391,76397],{},[156,76392,76393,76396],{},[15,76394,76395],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[156,76398,76399,76402],{},[15,76400,76401],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,76404,76405],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[43,76407,76409],{"className":45,"code":76408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,76410,76411,76459,76463,76482,76501],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76412,76413,76415,76417,76419,76421,76423,76425,76427,76429,76431,76433,76435,76437,76439,76441,76443,76445,76447,76449,76451,76453,76455,76457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76414,1387],{"class":58},[52,76416,63],{"class":62},[52,76418,67],{"class":66},[52,76420,757],{"class":756},[52,76422,236],{"class":760},[52,76424,757],{"class":756},[52,76426,74],{"class":66},[52,76428,768],{"class":756},[52,76430,4853],{"class":760},[52,76432,757],{"class":756},[52,76434,74],{"class":66},[52,76436,768],{"class":756},[52,76438,9825],{"class":760},[52,76440,757],{"class":756},[52,76442,74],{"class":66},[52,76444,768],{"class":756},[52,76446,18861],{"class":760},[52,76448,757],{"class":756},[52,76450,74],{"class":66},[52,76452,768],{"class":756},[52,76454,60526],{"class":760},[52,76456,757],{"class":756},[52,76458,90],{"class":66},[52,76460,76461],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76462,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,76464,76465,76467,76469,76471,76473,76475,76477,76479],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76466,118],{"class":101},[52,76468,105],{"class":66},[52,76470,1458],{"class":108},[52,76472,3994],{"class":66},[52,76474,2142],{"class":62},[52,76476,71],{"class":70},[52,76478,20540],{"class":66},[52,76480,76481],{"class":129},"    # last item\n",[52,76483,76484,76486,76488,76490,76492,76494,76496,76498],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,76485,118],{"class":101},[52,76487,105],{"class":66},[52,76489,1458],{"class":108},[52,76491,3994],{"class":66},[52,76493,2142],{"class":62},[52,76495,445],{"class":70},[52,76497,75987],{"class":66},[52,76499,76500],{"class":129},"   # last 3 items\n",[52,76502,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511,76513,76515,76517],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,76504,118],{"class":101},[52,76506,105],{"class":66},[52,76508,1458],{"class":108},[52,76510,75609],{"class":66},[52,76512,2142],{"class":62},[52,76514,71],{"class":70},[52,76516,20540],{"class":66},[52,76518,76519],{"class":129},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76521,311],{},[43,76523,76525],{"className":45,"code":76524,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76526,76527,76532,76560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76528,76529],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76530,76531],{"class":58},"e\n",[52,76533,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554,76556,76558],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76535,3994],{"class":66},[52,76537,3406],{"class":756},[52,76539,9825],{"class":760},[52,76541,3406],{"class":756},[52,76543,74],{"class":66},[52,76545,3401],{"class":756},[52,76547,18861],{"class":760},[52,76549,3406],{"class":756},[52,76551,74],{"class":66},[52,76553,3401],{"class":756},[52,76555,60526],{"class":760},[52,76557,3406],{"class":756},[52,76559,90],{"class":66},[52,76561,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576,76578,76580,76582,76584,76586,76588,76590,76592,76594],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76563,3994],{"class":66},[52,76565,3406],{"class":756},[52,76567,236],{"class":760},[52,76569,3406],{"class":756},[52,76571,74],{"class":66},[52,76573,3401],{"class":756},[52,76575,4853],{"class":760},[52,76577,3406],{"class":756},[52,76579,74],{"class":66},[52,76581,3401],{"class":756},[52,76583,9825],{"class":760},[52,76585,3406],{"class":756},[52,76587,74],{"class":66},[52,76589,3401],{"class":756},[52,76591,18861],{"class":760},[52,76593,3406],{"class":756},[52,76595,90],{"class":66},[20,76597,13141],{},[153,76599,76600,76603,76607,76613,76619],{},[156,76601,76602],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[156,76604,76605,76396],{},[15,76606,76395],{},[156,76608,76609,76612],{},[15,76610,76611],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[156,76614,76615,76618],{},[15,76616,76617],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[156,76620,76621,76622,652,76624],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76623,35],{},[15,76625,75500],{},[38,76627,76629],{"id":76628},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76631,2100,76632,76634],{},[15,76633,75503],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[153,76636,76637,76640,76643,76648,76658],{},[156,76638,76639],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[156,76641,76642],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[156,76644,76645,76647],{},[15,76646,76134],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[156,76649,1800,76650,76652,76653,76655,76656],{},[15,76651,75503],{}," is negative, ",[15,76654,35],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76657,75500],{},[156,76659,76660,76662,76663],{},[15,76661,75503],{}," cannot be ",[15,76664,207],{},[20,76666,76667],{},"Example with different step values:",[43,76669,76671],{"className":45,"code":76670,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76672,76673,76705,76709,76726,76748,76767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76674,76675,76677,76679,76681,76683,76685,76687,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76676,59],{"class":58},[52,76678,63],{"class":62},[52,76680,67],{"class":66},[52,76682,430],{"class":70},[52,76684,74],{"class":66},[52,76686,7874],{"class":70},[52,76688,74],{"class":66},[52,76690,7879],{"class":70},[52,76692,74],{"class":66},[52,76694,50927],{"class":70},[52,76696,74],{"class":66},[52,76698,5174],{"class":70},[52,76700,74],{"class":66},[52,76702,76173],{"class":70},[52,76704,90],{"class":66},[52,76706,76707],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76708,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,76710,76711,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76712,118],{"class":101},[52,76714,105],{"class":66},[52,76716,109],{"class":108},[52,76718,74196],{"class":66},[52,76720,440],{"class":70},[52,76722,20540],{"class":66},[52,76724,76725],{"class":129},"     # every second item\n",[52,76727,76728,76730,76732,76734,76736,76738,76741,76743,76745],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,76729,118],{"class":101},[52,76731,105],{"class":66},[52,76733,109],{"class":108},[52,76735,3994],{"class":66},[52,76737,71],{"class":70},[52,76739,76740],{"class":66},"::",[52,76742,440],{"class":70},[52,76744,20540],{"class":66},[52,76746,76747],{"class":129},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[52,76749,76750,76752,76754,76756,76758,76760,76762,76764],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,76751,118],{"class":101},[52,76753,105],{"class":66},[52,76755,109],{"class":108},[52,76757,74196],{"class":66},[52,76759,2142],{"class":62},[52,76761,71],{"class":70},[52,76763,20540],{"class":66},[52,76765,76766],{"class":129},"    # reverse the list\n",[52,76768,76769,76771,76773,76775,76777,76779,76781,76783,76785,76787,76789,76791],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,76770,118],{"class":101},[52,76772,105],{"class":66},[52,76774,109],{"class":108},[52,76776,3994],{"class":66},[52,76778,1595],{"class":70},[52,76780,1772],{"class":66},[52,76782,71],{"class":70},[52,76784,1772],{"class":66},[52,76786,2142],{"class":62},[52,76788,71],{"class":70},[52,76790,20540],{"class":66},[52,76792,76793],{"class":129},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76795,311],{},[43,76797,76799],{"className":45,"code":76798,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76800,76801,76817,76833,76861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76802,76803,76805,76807,76809,76811,76813,76815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76804,3994],{"class":66},[52,76806,430],{"class":70},[52,76808,74],{"class":66},[52,76810,7879],{"class":70},[52,76812,74],{"class":66},[52,76814,5174],{"class":70},[52,76816,90],{"class":66},[52,76818,76819,76821,76823,76825,76827,76829,76831],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76820,3994],{"class":66},[52,76822,15846],{"class":70},[52,76824,74],{"class":66},[52,76826,50927],{"class":70},[52,76828,74],{"class":66},[52,76830,76173],{"class":70},[52,76832,90],{"class":66},[52,76834,76835,76837,76839,76841,76843,76845,76847,76849,76851,76853,76855,76857,76859],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76836,3994],{"class":66},[52,76838,76352],{"class":70},[52,76840,74],{"class":66},[52,76842,5174],{"class":70},[52,76844,74],{"class":66},[52,76846,50927],{"class":70},[52,76848,74],{"class":66},[52,76850,7879],{"class":70},[52,76852,74],{"class":66},[52,76854,7874],{"class":70},[52,76856,74],{"class":66},[52,76858,270],{"class":70},[52,76860,90],{"class":66},[52,76862,76863,76865,76868,76870,76872,76874,76876],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,76864,3994],{"class":66},[52,76866,76867],{"class":70},"50",[52,76869,74],{"class":66},[52,76871,50927],{"class":70},[52,76873,74],{"class":66},[52,76875,7879],{"class":70},[52,76877,90],{"class":66},[20,76879,76880,76881,242],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[236,76882,76883],{"href":74880},"how to reverse a list in Python",[461,76885,76887],{"id":76886},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76889,739],{},[43,76891,76893],{"className":45,"code":76892,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76894,76895,76915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76896,76897,76899,76901,76903,76905,76907,76909,76911,76913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76898,59],{"class":58},[52,76900,63],{"class":62},[52,76902,67],{"class":66},[52,76904,71],{"class":70},[52,76906,74],{"class":66},[52,76908,77],{"class":70},[52,76910,74],{"class":66},[52,76912,82],{"class":70},[52,76914,90],{"class":66},[52,76916,76917,76919,76921,76923,76925,76927],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76918,118],{"class":101},[52,76920,105],{"class":66},[52,76922,109],{"class":108},[52,76924,74196],{"class":66},[52,76926,207],{"class":70},[52,76928,1858],{"class":66},[20,76930,76931,76932,76934,76935,76937],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76933,40794],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76936,207],{}," does not make sense.",[38,76939,76941],{"id":76940},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76943,76944],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[461,76946,76948],{"id":76947},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[43,76950,76952],{"className":45,"code":76951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76953,76954,76978,76982],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,76955,76956,76958,76960,76962,76964,76966,76968,76970,76972,76974,76976],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,76957,59],{"class":58},[52,76959,63],{"class":62},[52,76961,67],{"class":66},[52,76963,430],{"class":70},[52,76965,74],{"class":66},[52,76967,7874],{"class":70},[52,76969,74],{"class":66},[52,76971,7879],{"class":70},[52,76973,74],{"class":66},[52,76975,50927],{"class":70},[52,76977,90],{"class":66},[52,76979,76980],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,76981,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,76983,76984,76986,76988,76990,76992,76994],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,76985,118],{"class":101},[52,76987,105],{"class":66},[52,76989,109],{"class":108},[52,76991,3994],{"class":66},[52,76993,440],{"class":70},[52,76995,1858],{"class":66},[20,76997,311],{},[43,76999,77000],{"className":45,"code":314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,77001,77002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77003,77004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77005,314],{"class":70},[461,77007,77009],{"id":77008},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[43,77011,77013],{"className":45,"code":77012,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,77014,77015,77039,77043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77016,77017,77019,77021,77023,77025,77027,77029,77031,77033,77035,77037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77018,59],{"class":58},[52,77020,63],{"class":62},[52,77022,67],{"class":66},[52,77024,430],{"class":70},[52,77026,74],{"class":66},[52,77028,7874],{"class":70},[52,77030,74],{"class":66},[52,77032,7879],{"class":70},[52,77034,74],{"class":66},[52,77036,50927],{"class":70},[52,77038,90],{"class":66},[52,77040,77041],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77042,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,77044,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057,77059],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77046,118],{"class":101},[52,77048,105],{"class":66},[52,77050,109],{"class":108},[52,77052,3994],{"class":66},[52,77054,440],{"class":70},[52,77056,1772],{"class":66},[52,77058,445],{"class":70},[52,77060,1858],{"class":66},[20,77062,311],{},[43,77064,77066],{"className":45,"code":77065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30]\n",[15,77067,77068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77069,77070,77072,77074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77071,3994],{"class":66},[52,77073,36935],{"class":70},[52,77075,90],{"class":66},[20,77077,13853],{},[153,77079,77080,77086],{},[156,77081,77082,77085],{},[15,77083,77084],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[156,77087,77088,77091],{},[15,77089,77090],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,77093,77094],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[153,77096,77097,77100],{},[156,77098,77099],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[156,77101,77102],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,77104,2324],{},[43,77106,77108],{"className":45,"code":77107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,77109,77110,77130,77134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77111,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122,77124,77126,77128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77113,59],{"class":58},[52,77115,63],{"class":62},[52,77117,67],{"class":66},[52,77119,430],{"class":70},[52,77121,74],{"class":66},[52,77123,7874],{"class":70},[52,77125,74],{"class":66},[52,77127,7879],{"class":70},[52,77129,90],{"class":66},[52,77131,77132],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77133,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,77135,77136,77138,77140,77142,77144,77146,77148,77150],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77137,118],{"class":101},[52,77139,105],{"class":66},[52,77141,109],{"class":108},[52,77143,3994],{"class":66},[52,77145,265],{"class":70},[52,77147,1772],{"class":66},[52,77149,430],{"class":70},[52,77151,1858],{"class":66},[20,77153,311],{},[43,77155,77156],{"className":45,"code":38390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,77157,77158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77159,77160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77161,38390],{"class":66},[20,77163,77164],{},"But this would raise an error:",[43,77166,77168],{"className":45,"code":77167,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,77169,77170,77190,77194],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77171,77172,77174,77176,77178,77180,77182,77184,77186,77188],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77173,59],{"class":58},[52,77175,63],{"class":62},[52,77177,67],{"class":66},[52,77179,430],{"class":70},[52,77181,74],{"class":66},[52,77183,7874],{"class":70},[52,77185,74],{"class":66},[52,77187,7879],{"class":70},[52,77189,90],{"class":66},[52,77191,77192],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77193,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,77195,77196,77198,77200,77202,77204,77206],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77197,118],{"class":101},[52,77199,105],{"class":66},[52,77201,109],{"class":108},[52,77203,3994],{"class":66},[52,77205,265],{"class":70},[52,77207,1858],{"class":66},[20,77209,77210,77211,242],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[236,77212,69334],{"href":69333},[38,77214,15268],{"id":77215},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,77217,77218],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[153,77220,77221,77225,77227,77230,77236],{},[156,77222,4796,77223,75815],{},[15,77224,75500],{},[156,77226,60768],{},[156,77228,77229],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[156,77231,37298,77232,8791,77234],{},[15,77233,76134],{},[15,77235,73600],{},[156,77237,77238,77239,77241],{},"Using step ",[15,77240,207],{},", which causes an error",[461,77243,77245],{"id":77244},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[43,77247,77249],{"className":45,"code":77248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,77250,77251,77279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77252,77253,77255,77257,77259,77261,77263,77265,77267,77269,77271,77273,77275,77277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77254,59],{"class":58},[52,77256,63],{"class":62},[52,77258,67],{"class":66},[52,77260,430],{"class":70},[52,77262,74],{"class":66},[52,77264,7874],{"class":70},[52,77266,74],{"class":66},[52,77268,7879],{"class":70},[52,77270,74],{"class":66},[52,77272,50927],{"class":70},[52,77274,74],{"class":66},[52,77276,5174],{"class":70},[52,77278,90],{"class":66},[52,77280,77281,77283,77285,77287,77289,77291,77293,77295],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77282,118],{"class":101},[52,77284,105],{"class":66},[52,77286,109],{"class":108},[52,77288,3994],{"class":66},[52,77290,71],{"class":70},[52,77292,1772],{"class":66},[52,77294,1595],{"class":70},[52,77296,1858],{"class":66},[20,77298,77299],{},"This returns:",[43,77301,77303],{"className":45,"code":77302,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77304,77305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77306,77307,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77308,3994],{"class":66},[52,77310,15846],{"class":70},[52,77312,74],{"class":66},[52,77314,7879],{"class":70},[52,77316,74],{"class":66},[52,77318,50927],{"class":70},[52,77320,90],{"class":66},[20,77322,40996,77323,77325,77326,77328,77329,242],{},[3842,77324,4722],{}," include ",[15,77327,76867],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,77330,1595],{},[461,77332,77334],{"id":77333},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,77336,16736],{},[43,77338,77340],{"className":45,"code":77339,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,77341,77342,77362],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77343,77344,77346,77348,77350,77352,77354,77356,77358,77360],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77345,59],{"class":58},[52,77347,63],{"class":62},[52,77349,67],{"class":66},[52,77351,430],{"class":70},[52,77353,74],{"class":66},[52,77355,7874],{"class":70},[52,77357,74],{"class":66},[52,77359,7879],{"class":70},[52,77361,90],{"class":66},[52,77363,77364],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77365,77366],{"class":129},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,77368,77369],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[43,77371,77373],{"className":45,"code":77372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,77374,77375],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77376,77377,77379,77381,77383,77385,77387,77389,77391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77378,118],{"class":101},[52,77380,105],{"class":66},[52,77382,109],{"class":108},[52,77384,3994],{"class":66},[52,77386,71],{"class":70},[52,77388,1772],{"class":66},[52,77390,445],{"class":70},[52,77392,1858],{"class":66},[461,77394,77396],{"id":77395},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,77398,77399],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[43,77401,77403],{"className":45,"code":77402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77404,77405,77429,77443,77447,77457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77406,77407,77409,77411,77413,77415,77417,77419,77421,77423,77425,77427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77408,59],{"class":58},[52,77410,63],{"class":62},[52,77412,67],{"class":66},[52,77414,430],{"class":70},[52,77416,74],{"class":66},[52,77418,7874],{"class":70},[52,77420,74],{"class":66},[52,77422,7879],{"class":70},[52,77424,74],{"class":66},[52,77426,50927],{"class":70},[52,77428,90],{"class":66},[52,77430,77431,77433,77435,77437,77439,77441],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77432,75733],{"class":58},[52,77434,63],{"class":62},[52,77436,1686],{"class":58},[52,77438,75609],{"class":66},[52,77440,440],{"class":70},[52,77442,90],{"class":66},[52,77444,77445],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77446,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,77448,77449,77451,77453,77455],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,77450,118],{"class":101},[52,77452,105],{"class":66},[52,77454,75756],{"class":108},[52,77456,112],{"class":66},[52,77458,77459,77461,77463,77465],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,77460,118],{"class":101},[52,77462,105],{"class":66},[52,77464,109],{"class":108},[52,77466,112],{"class":66},[20,77468,311],{},[43,77470,77472],{"className":45,"code":77471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,77473,77474,77486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77475,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77477,3994],{"class":66},[52,77479,430],{"class":70},[52,77481,74],{"class":66},[52,77483,7874],{"class":70},[52,77485,90],{"class":66},[52,77487,77488,77490,77492,77494,77496,77498,77500,77502,77504],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77489,3994],{"class":66},[52,77491,430],{"class":70},[52,77493,74],{"class":66},[52,77495,7874],{"class":70},[52,77497,74],{"class":66},[52,77499,7879],{"class":70},[52,77501,74],{"class":66},[52,77503,50927],{"class":70},[52,77505,90],{"class":66},[20,77507,77508],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[461,77510,77512,77513,8791,77515],{"id":77511},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77514,76134],{},[15,77516,73600],{},[43,77518,77520],{"className":45,"code":77519,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77521,77522,77542,77546,77563,77574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77523,77524,77526,77528,77530,77532,77534,77536,77538,77540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77525,59],{"class":58},[52,77527,63],{"class":62},[52,77529,67],{"class":66},[52,77531,430],{"class":70},[52,77533,74],{"class":66},[52,77535,7874],{"class":70},[52,77537,74],{"class":66},[52,77539,7879],{"class":70},[52,77541,90],{"class":66},[52,77543,77544],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77545,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,77547,77548,77551,77553,77555,77557,77559,77561],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77549,77550],{"class":58},"reversed_copy ",[52,77552,63],{"class":62},[52,77554,1686],{"class":58},[52,77556,74196],{"class":66},[52,77558,2142],{"class":62},[52,77560,71],{"class":70},[52,77562,90],{"class":66},[52,77564,77565,77567,77569,77572],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,77566,118],{"class":101},[52,77568,105],{"class":66},[52,77570,77571],{"class":108},"reversed_copy",[52,77573,112],{"class":66},[52,77575,77576,77578,77580,77582],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,77577,118],{"class":101},[52,77579,105],{"class":66},[52,77581,109],{"class":108},[52,77583,112],{"class":66},[20,77585,311],{},[43,77587,77589],{"className":45,"code":77588,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77590,77591,77607],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77592,77593,77595,77597,77599,77601,77603,77605],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77594,3994],{"class":66},[52,77596,36935],{"class":70},[52,77598,74],{"class":66},[52,77600,7874],{"class":70},[52,77602,74],{"class":66},[52,77604,270],{"class":70},[52,77606,90],{"class":66},[52,77608,77609,77611,77613,77615,77617,77619,77621],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77610,3994],{"class":66},[52,77612,430],{"class":70},[52,77614,74],{"class":66},[52,77616,7874],{"class":70},[52,77618,74],{"class":66},[52,77620,7879],{"class":70},[52,77622,90],{"class":66},[20,77624,77625,77628],{},[15,77626,77627],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77630,77631,77632,77635],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77633,77634],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[461,77637,77639],{"id":77638},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77641,77642],{},"This is not allowed:",[43,77644,77646],{"className":45,"code":77645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77647,77648,77668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77649,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77660,77662,77664,77666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77651,59],{"class":58},[52,77653,63],{"class":62},[52,77655,67],{"class":66},[52,77657,430],{"class":70},[52,77659,74],{"class":66},[52,77661,7874],{"class":70},[52,77663,74],{"class":66},[52,77665,7879],{"class":70},[52,77667,90],{"class":66},[52,77669,77670],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77671,77672],{"class":129},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77674,77675,77676,242],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77677,40794],{},[38,77679,77681],{"id":77680},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77683,77684],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[153,77686,77687,77694,77700,77703,77706],{},[156,77688,37298,77689,652,77691,77693],{},[15,77690,35],{},[15,77692,75500],{}," positions",[156,77695,77696,77697,77699],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77698,75500],{}," index is included",[156,77701,77702],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[156,77704,77705],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[156,77707,77708],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77710,77711],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[43,77713,77715],{"className":45,"code":77714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77716,77717,77727,77741,77759,77773,77790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77718,77719,77721,77723,77725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77720,118],{"class":101},[52,77722,105],{"class":66},[52,77724,8425],{"class":108},[52,77726,112],{"class":66},[52,77728,77729,77731,77733,77735,77737,77739],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77730,118],{"class":101},[52,77732,105],{"class":66},[52,77734,11250],{"class":101},[52,77736,105],{"class":66},[52,77738,8425],{"class":108},[52,77740,510],{"class":66},[52,77742,77743,77745,77747,77749,77751,77753,77755,77757],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77744,118],{"class":101},[52,77746,105],{"class":66},[52,77748,8425],{"class":108},[52,77750,3994],{"class":66},[52,77752,71],{"class":70},[52,77754,1772],{"class":66},[52,77756,1595],{"class":70},[52,77758,1858],{"class":66},[52,77760,77761,77763,77765,77767,77769,77771],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,77762,118],{"class":101},[52,77764,105],{"class":66},[52,77766,8425],{"class":108},[52,77768,75609],{"class":66},[52,77770,445],{"class":70},[52,77772,1858],{"class":66},[52,77774,77775,77777,77779,77781,77783,77785,77787],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,77776,118],{"class":101},[52,77778,105],{"class":66},[52,77780,8425],{"class":108},[52,77782,3994],{"class":66},[52,77784,2142],{"class":62},[52,77786,445],{"class":70},[52,77788,77789],{"class":66},":])\n",[52,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,77793,118],{"class":101},[52,77795,105],{"class":66},[52,77797,8425],{"class":108},[52,77799,74196],{"class":66},[52,77801,2142],{"class":62},[52,77803,71],{"class":70},[52,77805,1858],{"class":66},[20,77807,1372,77808,77810,77811,77815],{},[15,77809,2007],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[236,77812,77814],{"href":77813},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[38,77817,1919],{"id":1918},[461,77819,77821],{"id":77820},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77823,77824],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[461,77826,77828],{"id":77827},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77830,77831],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[461,77833,1923,77835,40053],{"id":77834},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77836,76134],{},[20,77838,77839],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[461,77841,77843,77844,1963],{"id":77842},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77845,70805],{},[20,77847,77848],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[38,77850,1986],{"id":1985},[153,77852,77853,77858,77863,77867,77871,77875],{},[156,77854,77855],{},[236,77856,77857],{"href":51063},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[156,77859,77860],{},[236,77861,77862],{"href":57233},"How to create a list in Python",[156,77864,77865],{},[236,77866,15056],{"href":57299},[156,77868,77869],{},[236,77870,74881],{"href":74880},[156,77872,77873],{},[236,77874,77814],{"href":77813},[156,77876,77877],{},[236,77878,69334],{"href":69333},[20,77880,77881,77882,77884],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77883,2007],{},", copying, and reversing.",[2029,77886,77887],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":77889},[77890,77891,77892,77893,77894,77895,77898,77902,77910,77911,77919],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":75664,"depth":93,"text":75665},{"id":75827,"depth":93,"text":75828},{"id":76089,"depth":93,"text":76090},{"id":76382,"depth":93,"text":76383},{"id":76628,"depth":93,"text":76629,"children":77896},[77897],{"id":76886,"depth":115,"text":76887},{"id":76940,"depth":93,"text":76941,"children":77899},[77900,77901],{"id":76947,"depth":115,"text":76948},{"id":77008,"depth":115,"text":77009},{"id":77215,"depth":93,"text":15268,"children":77903},[77904,77905,77906,77907,77909],{"id":77244,"depth":115,"text":77245},{"id":77333,"depth":115,"text":77334},{"id":77395,"depth":115,"text":77396},{"id":77511,"depth":115,"text":77908},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77638,"depth":115,"text":77639},{"id":77680,"depth":93,"text":77681},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":77912},[77913,77914,77915,77917],{"id":77820,"depth":115,"text":77821},{"id":77827,"depth":115,"text":77828},{"id":77834,"depth":115,"text":77916},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77842,"depth":115,"text":77918},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75487,"description":77920},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77927,"title":77928,"body":77929,"description":79998,"extension":2083,"meta":79999,"navigation":296,"path":80000,"seo":80001,"stem":80002,"__hash__":80003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77930,"toc":79964},[77931,77936,77942,77948,77950,77997,78004,78009,78013,78028,78031,78084,78086,78111,78116,78118,78150,78153,78169,78171,78232,78234,78259,78263,78268,78321,78323,78348,78353,78414,78416,78441,78444,78451,78455,78458,78519,78521,78554,78557,78618,78620,78653,78659,78732,78734,78766,78773,78778,78783,78785,78797,78800,78878,78880,78921,78924,78998,79000,79033,79038,79045,79052,79056,79065,79069,79077,79079,79146,79148,79184,79189,79200,79202,79207,79212,79214,79277,79279,79304,79311,79316,79320,79323,79363,79368,79374,79379,79381,79408,79413,79416,79463,79465,79522,79529,79534,79540,79609,79613,79616,79679,79681,79714,79719,79721,79724,79805,79807,79831,79837,79839,79844,79848,79855,79863,79867,79869,79892,79896,79898,79925,79928,79935,79938,79940,79961],[10,77932,54422,77934,11411],{"id":77933},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77935,64387],{},[20,77937,77938,77941],{},[15,77939,77940],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77943,77944,77945,77947],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77946,64387],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[38,77949,41],{"id":40},[43,77951,77953],{"className":45,"code":77952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77954,77955,77975,77985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,77956,77957,77959,77961,77963,77965,77967,77969,77971,77973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,77958,59],{"class":58},[52,77960,63],{"class":62},[52,77962,67],{"class":66},[52,77964,445],{"class":70},[52,77966,74],{"class":66},[52,77968,5586],{"class":70},[52,77970,74],{"class":66},[52,77972,77],{"class":70},[52,77974,90],{"class":66},[52,77976,77977,77979,77981,77983],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,77978,109],{"class":58},[52,77980,242],{"class":66},[52,77982,34897],{"class":108},[52,77984,8729],{"class":66},[52,77986,77987,77989,77991,77993,77995],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,77988,118],{"class":101},[52,77990,105],{"class":66},[52,77992,109],{"class":108},[52,77994,126],{"class":66},[52,77996,55012],{"class":129},[20,77998,133,77999,78001,78002,242],{},[15,78000,77940],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,78003,3878],{},[38,78005,140,78007,143],{"id":78006},"what-listsort-does",[15,78008,77940],{},[20,78010,78011,1772],{},[15,78012,77940],{},[153,78014,78015,78018,78021,78025],{},[156,78016,78017],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[156,78019,78020],{},"Changes the original list",[156,78022,11513,78023],{},[15,78024,3878],{},[156,78026,78027],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,78029,78030],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[43,78032,78034],{"className":45,"code":78033,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78035,78036,78060,78070,78074],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78037,78038,78040,78042,78044,78046,78048,78050,78052,78054,78056,78058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78039,59],{"class":58},[52,78041,63],{"class":62},[52,78043,67],{"class":66},[52,78045,265],{"class":70},[52,78047,74],{"class":66},[52,78049,77],{"class":70},[52,78051,74],{"class":66},[52,78053,1605],{"class":70},[52,78055,74],{"class":66},[52,78057,5586],{"class":70},[52,78059,90],{"class":66},[52,78061,78062,78064,78066,78068],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78063,109],{"class":58},[52,78065,242],{"class":66},[52,78067,34897],{"class":108},[52,78069,8729],{"class":66},[52,78071,78072],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78073,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78075,78076,78078,78080,78082],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78077,118],{"class":101},[52,78079,105],{"class":66},[52,78081,109],{"class":108},[52,78083,112],{"class":66},[20,78085,311],{},[43,78087,78089],{"className":45,"code":78088,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,78090,78091],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78092,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78094,3994],{"class":66},[52,78096,71],{"class":70},[52,78098,74],{"class":66},[52,78100,77],{"class":70},[52,78102,74],{"class":66},[52,78104,4696],{"class":70},[52,78106,74],{"class":66},[52,78108,1605],{"class":70},[52,78110,90],{"class":66},[20,78112,78113,78114,242],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[236,78115,67152],{"href":51063},[38,78117,181],{"id":180},[43,78119,78121],{"className":45,"code":78120,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,78122,78123],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78124,78125,78127,78129,78131,78133,78135,78137,78139,78141,78144,78146,78148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78126,8425],{"class":58},[52,78128,242],{"class":66},[52,78130,34897],{"class":108},[52,78132,105],{"class":66},[52,78134,14932],{"class":201},[52,78136,63],{"class":62},[52,78138,3878],{"class":674},[52,78140,74],{"class":66},[52,78142,78143],{"class":201}," reverse",[52,78145,63],{"class":62},[52,78147,655],{"class":674},[52,78149,112],{"class":66},[20,78151,78152],{},"Main arguments:",[153,78154,78155,78160,78166],{},[156,78156,78157,78159],{},[15,78158,14932],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[156,78161,78162,78165],{},[15,78163,78164],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[156,78167,78168],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,78170,2324],{},[43,78172,78174],{"className":45,"code":78173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78175,78176,78200,78218,78222],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78177,78178,78180,78182,78184,78186,78188,78190,78192,78194,78196,78198],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78179,59],{"class":58},[52,78181,63],{"class":62},[52,78183,67],{"class":66},[52,78185,1595],{"class":70},[52,78187,74],{"class":66},[52,78189,5586],{"class":70},[52,78191,74],{"class":66},[52,78193,1600],{"class":70},[52,78195,74],{"class":66},[52,78197,77],{"class":70},[52,78199,90],{"class":66},[52,78201,78202,78204,78206,78208,78210,78212,78214,78216],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78203,109],{"class":58},[52,78205,242],{"class":66},[52,78207,34897],{"class":108},[52,78209,105],{"class":66},[52,78211,73651],{"class":201},[52,78213,63],{"class":62},[52,78215,173],{"class":674},[52,78217,112],{"class":66},[52,78219,78220],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78221,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78223,78224,78226,78228,78230],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78225,118],{"class":101},[52,78227,105],{"class":66},[52,78229,109],{"class":108},[52,78231,112],{"class":66},[20,78233,311],{},[43,78235,78237],{"className":45,"code":78236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,78238,78239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78240,78241,78243,78245,78247,78249,78251,78253,78255,78257],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78242,3994],{"class":66},[52,78244,2145],{"class":70},[52,78246,74],{"class":66},[52,78248,87],{"class":70},[52,78250,74],{"class":66},[52,78252,77],{"class":70},[52,78254,74],{"class":66},[52,78256,5586],{"class":70},[52,78258,90],{"class":66},[38,78260,78262],{"id":78261},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,78264,133,78265,78267],{},[15,78266,64387],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[43,78269,78271],{"className":45,"code":78270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78272,78273,78297,78307,78311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78274,78275,78277,78279,78281,78283,78285,78287,78289,78291,78293,78295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78276,59],{"class":58},[52,78278,63],{"class":62},[52,78280,67],{"class":66},[52,78282,430],{"class":70},[52,78284,74],{"class":66},[52,78286,82],{"class":70},[52,78288,74],{"class":66},[52,78290,6445],{"class":70},[52,78292,74],{"class":66},[52,78294,5586],{"class":70},[52,78296,90],{"class":66},[52,78298,78299,78301,78303,78305],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78300,109],{"class":58},[52,78302,242],{"class":66},[52,78304,34897],{"class":108},[52,78306,8729],{"class":66},[52,78308,78309],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78310,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78312,78313,78315,78317,78319],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78314,118],{"class":101},[52,78316,105],{"class":66},[52,78318,109],{"class":108},[52,78320,112],{"class":66},[20,78322,311],{},[43,78324,78326],{"className":45,"code":78325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,78327,78328],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78329,78330,78332,78334,78336,78338,78340,78342,78344,78346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78331,3994],{"class":66},[52,78333,71],{"class":70},[52,78335,74],{"class":66},[52,78337,82],{"class":70},[52,78339,74],{"class":66},[52,78341,6445],{"class":70},[52,78343,74],{"class":66},[52,78345,270],{"class":70},[52,78347,90],{"class":66},[20,78349,133,78350,78352],{},[15,78351,78164],{}," for descending order:",[43,78354,78356],{"className":45,"code":78355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78357,78358,78382,78400,78404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78359,78360,78362,78364,78366,78368,78370,78372,78374,78376,78378,78380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78361,59],{"class":58},[52,78363,63],{"class":62},[52,78365,67],{"class":66},[52,78367,430],{"class":70},[52,78369,74],{"class":66},[52,78371,82],{"class":70},[52,78373,74],{"class":66},[52,78375,6445],{"class":70},[52,78377,74],{"class":66},[52,78379,5586],{"class":70},[52,78381,90],{"class":66},[52,78383,78384,78386,78388,78390,78392,78394,78396,78398],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78385,109],{"class":58},[52,78387,242],{"class":66},[52,78389,34897],{"class":108},[52,78391,105],{"class":66},[52,78393,73651],{"class":201},[52,78395,63],{"class":62},[52,78397,173],{"class":674},[52,78399,112],{"class":66},[52,78401,78402],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78403,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78405,78406,78408,78410,78412],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78407,118],{"class":101},[52,78409,105],{"class":66},[52,78411,109],{"class":108},[52,78413,112],{"class":66},[20,78415,311],{},[43,78417,78419],{"className":45,"code":78418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,78420,78421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78422,78423,78425,78427,78429,78431,78433,78435,78437,78439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78424,3994],{"class":66},[52,78426,430],{"class":70},[52,78428,74],{"class":66},[52,78430,6445],{"class":70},[52,78432,74],{"class":66},[52,78434,82],{"class":70},[52,78436,74],{"class":66},[52,78438,5586],{"class":70},[52,78440,90],{"class":66},[20,78442,78443],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,78445,78446,78447,242],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[236,78448,78450],{"href":78449},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[38,78452,78454],{"id":78453},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,78456,78457],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[43,78459,78461],{"className":45,"code":78460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78462,78463,78495,78505,78509],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78464,78465,78467,78469,78471,78473,78475,78477,78479,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78466,749],{"class":58},[52,78468,63],{"class":62},[52,78470,67],{"class":66},[52,78472,757],{"class":756},[52,78474,4180],{"class":760},[52,78476,757],{"class":756},[52,78478,74],{"class":66},[52,78480,768],{"class":756},[52,78482,4171],{"class":760},[52,78484,757],{"class":756},[52,78486,74],{"class":66},[52,78488,768],{"class":756},[52,78490,4189],{"class":760},[52,78492,757],{"class":756},[52,78494,90],{"class":66},[52,78496,78497,78499,78501,78503],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78498,788],{"class":58},[52,78500,242],{"class":66},[52,78502,34897],{"class":108},[52,78504,8729],{"class":66},[52,78506,78507],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78508,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78510,78511,78513,78515,78517],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78512,118],{"class":101},[52,78514,105],{"class":66},[52,78516,788],{"class":108},[52,78518,112],{"class":66},[20,78520,311],{},[43,78522,78524],{"className":45,"code":78523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78525,78526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78527,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548,78550,78552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78529,3994],{"class":66},[52,78531,3406],{"class":756},[52,78533,4171],{"class":760},[52,78535,3406],{"class":756},[52,78537,74],{"class":66},[52,78539,3401],{"class":756},[52,78541,4180],{"class":760},[52,78543,3406],{"class":756},[52,78545,74],{"class":66},[52,78547,3401],{"class":756},[52,78549,4189],{"class":760},[52,78551,3406],{"class":756},[52,78553,90],{"class":66},[20,78555,78556],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[43,78558,78560],{"className":45,"code":78559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78561,78562,78594,78604,78608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78563,78564,78566,78568,78570,78572,78574,78576,78578,78580,78582,78584,78586,78588,78590,78592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78565,749],{"class":58},[52,78567,63],{"class":62},[52,78569,67],{"class":66},[52,78571,757],{"class":756},[52,78573,4180],{"class":760},[52,78575,757],{"class":756},[52,78577,74],{"class":66},[52,78579,768],{"class":756},[52,78581,57848],{"class":760},[52,78583,757],{"class":756},[52,78585,74],{"class":66},[52,78587,768],{"class":756},[52,78589,4189],{"class":760},[52,78591,757],{"class":756},[52,78593,90],{"class":66},[52,78595,78596,78598,78600,78602],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78597,788],{"class":58},[52,78599,242],{"class":66},[52,78601,34897],{"class":108},[52,78603,8729],{"class":66},[52,78605,78606],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78607,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78609,78610,78612,78614,78616],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78611,118],{"class":101},[52,78613,105],{"class":66},[52,78615,788],{"class":108},[52,78617,112],{"class":66},[20,78619,311],{},[43,78621,78623],{"className":45,"code":78622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78624,78625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637,78639,78641,78643,78645,78647,78649,78651],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78628,3994],{"class":66},[52,78630,3406],{"class":756},[52,78632,57848],{"class":760},[52,78634,3406],{"class":756},[52,78636,74],{"class":66},[52,78638,3401],{"class":756},[52,78640,4180],{"class":760},[52,78642,3406],{"class":756},[52,78644,74],{"class":66},[52,78646,3401],{"class":756},[52,78648,4189],{"class":760},[52,78650,3406],{"class":756},[52,78652,90],{"class":66},[20,78654,78655,78656,1772],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78657,78658],{},"key=str.lower",[43,78660,78662],{"className":45,"code":78661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78663,78664,78696,78718,78722],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78665,78666,78668,78670,78672,78674,78676,78678,78680,78682,78684,78686,78688,78690,78692,78694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78667,749],{"class":58},[52,78669,63],{"class":62},[52,78671,67],{"class":66},[52,78673,757],{"class":756},[52,78675,4180],{"class":760},[52,78677,757],{"class":756},[52,78679,74],{"class":66},[52,78681,768],{"class":756},[52,78683,57848],{"class":760},[52,78685,757],{"class":756},[52,78687,74],{"class":66},[52,78689,768],{"class":756},[52,78691,4189],{"class":760},[52,78693,757],{"class":756},[52,78695,90],{"class":66},[52,78697,78698,78700,78702,78704,78706,78708,78710,78712,78714,78716],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78699,788],{"class":58},[52,78701,242],{"class":66},[52,78703,34897],{"class":108},[52,78705,105],{"class":66},[52,78707,14932],{"class":201},[52,78709,63],{"class":62},[52,78711,3550],{"class":1184},[52,78713,242],{"class":66},[52,78715,8726],{"class":24845},[52,78717,112],{"class":66},[52,78719,78720],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78721,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78723,78724,78726,78728,78730],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78725,118],{"class":101},[52,78727,105],{"class":66},[52,78729,788],{"class":108},[52,78731,112],{"class":66},[20,78733,311],{},[43,78735,78736],{"className":45,"code":78622,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,78737,78738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78739,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754,78756,78758,78760,78762,78764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78741,3994],{"class":66},[52,78743,3406],{"class":756},[52,78745,57848],{"class":760},[52,78747,3406],{"class":756},[52,78749,74],{"class":66},[52,78751,3401],{"class":756},[52,78753,4180],{"class":760},[52,78755,3406],{"class":756},[52,78757,74],{"class":66},[52,78759,3401],{"class":756},[52,78761,4189],{"class":760},[52,78763,3406],{"class":756},[52,78765,90],{"class":66},[20,78767,78768,78769,78772],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78770,78771],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[38,78774,345,78776,36709],{"id":78775},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78777,14932],{},[20,78779,2100,78780,78782],{},[15,78781,14932],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78784,7425],{},[153,78786,78787,78792],{},[156,78788,78789,78791],{},[15,78790,11250],{}," to sort by length",[156,78793,78794,78796],{},[15,78795,78771],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78798,78799],{},"Sort words by length:",[43,78801,78803],{"className":45,"code":78802,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78804,78805,78846,78864,78868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78806,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78818,78820,78822,78824,78826,78828,78830,78832,78834,78836,78838,78840,78842,78844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78808,749],{"class":58},[52,78810,63],{"class":62},[52,78812,67],{"class":66},[52,78814,757],{"class":756},[52,78816,78817],{"class":760},"pear",[52,78819,757],{"class":756},[52,78821,74],{"class":66},[52,78823,768],{"class":756},[52,78825,4180],{"class":760},[52,78827,757],{"class":756},[52,78829,74],{"class":66},[52,78831,768],{"class":756},[52,78833,38451],{"class":760},[52,78835,757],{"class":756},[52,78837,74],{"class":66},[52,78839,768],{"class":756},[52,78841,4171],{"class":760},[52,78843,757],{"class":756},[52,78845,90],{"class":66},[52,78847,78848,78850,78852,78854,78856,78858,78860,78862],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78849,788],{"class":58},[52,78851,242],{"class":66},[52,78853,34897],{"class":108},[52,78855,105],{"class":66},[52,78857,14932],{"class":201},[52,78859,63],{"class":62},[52,78861,11250],{"class":101},[52,78863,112],{"class":66},[52,78865,78866],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78867,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78869,78870,78872,78874,78876],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78871,118],{"class":101},[52,78873,105],{"class":66},[52,78875,788],{"class":108},[52,78877,112],{"class":66},[20,78879,311],{},[43,78881,78883],{"className":45,"code":78882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78884,78885],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78886,78887,78889,78891,78893,78895,78897,78899,78901,78903,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913,78915,78917,78919],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78888,3994],{"class":66},[52,78890,3406],{"class":756},[52,78892,38451],{"class":760},[52,78894,3406],{"class":756},[52,78896,74],{"class":66},[52,78898,3401],{"class":756},[52,78900,78817],{"class":760},[52,78902,3406],{"class":756},[52,78904,74],{"class":66},[52,78906,3401],{"class":756},[52,78908,4171],{"class":760},[52,78910,3406],{"class":756},[52,78912,74],{"class":66},[52,78914,3401],{"class":756},[52,78916,4180],{"class":760},[52,78918,3406],{"class":756},[52,78920,90],{"class":66},[20,78922,78923],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[43,78925,78927],{"className":45,"code":78926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78928,78929,78962,78984,78988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,78930,78931,78933,78935,78937,78939,78941,78943,78945,78947,78949,78951,78953,78955,78958,78960],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,78932,749],{"class":58},[52,78934,63],{"class":62},[52,78936,67],{"class":66},[52,78938,757],{"class":756},[52,78940,5106],{"class":760},[52,78942,757],{"class":756},[52,78944,74],{"class":66},[52,78946,768],{"class":756},[52,78948,17897],{"class":760},[52,78950,757],{"class":756},[52,78952,74],{"class":66},[52,78954,768],{"class":756},[52,78956,78957],{"class":760},"Carol",[52,78959,757],{"class":756},[52,78961,90],{"class":66},[52,78963,78964,78966,78968,78970,78972,78974,78976,78978,78980,78982],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,78965,788],{"class":58},[52,78967,242],{"class":66},[52,78969,34897],{"class":108},[52,78971,105],{"class":66},[52,78973,14932],{"class":201},[52,78975,63],{"class":62},[52,78977,3550],{"class":1184},[52,78979,242],{"class":66},[52,78981,8726],{"class":24845},[52,78983,112],{"class":66},[52,78985,78986],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,78987,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,78989,78990,78992,78994,78996],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,78991,118],{"class":101},[52,78993,105],{"class":66},[52,78995,788],{"class":108},[52,78997,112],{"class":66},[20,78999,311],{},[43,79001,79003],{"className":45,"code":79002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,79004,79005],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79006,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79008,3994],{"class":66},[52,79010,3406],{"class":756},[52,79012,17897],{"class":760},[52,79014,3406],{"class":756},[52,79016,74],{"class":66},[52,79018,3401],{"class":756},[52,79020,5106],{"class":760},[52,79022,3406],{"class":756},[52,79024,74],{"class":66},[52,79026,3401],{"class":756},[52,79028,78957],{"class":760},[52,79030,3406],{"class":756},[52,79032,90],{"class":66},[20,79034,2100,79035,79037],{},[15,79036,14932],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[38,79039,79041,10672,79043],{"id":79040},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,79042,77940],{},[15,79044,74498],{},[20,79046,79047,652,79049,79051],{},[15,79048,77940],{},[15,79050,74498],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,79053,79054,1772],{},[15,79055,77940],{},[153,79057,79058,79061],{},[156,79059,79060],{},"Changes the existing list",[156,79062,11513,79063],{},[15,79064,3878],{},[20,79066,79067,1772],{},[15,79068,74498],{},[153,79070,79071,79074],{},[156,79072,79073],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[156,79075,79076],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,79078,2324],{},[43,79080,79082],{"className":45,"code":79081,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,79083,79084,79104,79108,79122,79126,79136],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79085,79086,79088,79090,79092,79094,79096,79098,79100,79102],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79087,59],{"class":58},[52,79089,63],{"class":62},[52,79091,67],{"class":66},[52,79093,445],{"class":70},[52,79095,74],{"class":66},[52,79097,5586],{"class":70},[52,79099,74],{"class":66},[52,79101,77],{"class":70},[52,79103,90],{"class":66},[52,79105,79106],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79107,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,79109,79110,79112,79114,79116,79118,79120],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79111,55970],{"class":58},[52,79113,63],{"class":62},[52,79115,74632],{"class":101},[52,79117,105],{"class":66},[52,79119,109],{"class":108},[52,79121,112],{"class":66},[52,79123,79124],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,79125,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,79127,79128,79130,79132,79134],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,79129,118],{"class":101},[52,79131,105],{"class":66},[52,79133,109],{"class":108},[52,79135,112],{"class":66},[52,79137,79138,79140,79142,79144],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,79139,118],{"class":101},[52,79141,105],{"class":66},[52,79143,74355],{"class":108},[52,79145,112],{"class":66},[20,79147,311],{},[43,79149,79150],{"className":45,"code":74667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,79151,79152,79168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79153,79154,79156,79158,79160,79162,79164,79166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79155,3994],{"class":66},[52,79157,445],{"class":70},[52,79159,74],{"class":66},[52,79161,5586],{"class":70},[52,79163,74],{"class":66},[52,79165,77],{"class":70},[52,79167,90],{"class":66},[52,79169,79170,79172,79174,79176,79178,79180,79182],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79171,3994],{"class":66},[52,79173,71],{"class":70},[52,79175,74],{"class":66},[52,79177,77],{"class":70},[52,79179,74],{"class":66},[52,79181,82],{"class":70},[52,79183,90],{"class":66},[20,79185,133,79186,79188],{},[15,79187,74498],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,79190,79191,79192,652,79196,242],{},"You can learn more in ",[236,79193,13,79194,863],{"href":74595},[15,79195,74498],{},[236,79197,79199],{"href":79198},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[38,79201,1766],{"id":1765},[20,79203,79204,79205,242],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,79206,77940],{},[461,79208,12682,79210],{"id":79209},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,79211,64387],{},[20,79213,25785],{},[43,79215,79217],{"className":45,"code":79216,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,79218,79219,79239,79253,79257,79267],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79220,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229,79231,79233,79235,79237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79222,59],{"class":58},[52,79224,63],{"class":62},[52,79226,67],{"class":66},[52,79228,445],{"class":70},[52,79230,74],{"class":66},[52,79232,5586],{"class":70},[52,79234,74],{"class":66},[52,79236,77],{"class":70},[52,79238,90],{"class":66},[52,79240,79241,79243,79245,79247,79249,79251],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79242,2347],{"class":58},[52,79244,63],{"class":62},[52,79246,1686],{"class":58},[52,79248,242],{"class":66},[52,79250,34897],{"class":108},[52,79252,8729],{"class":66},[52,79254,79255],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79256,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,79258,79259,79261,79263,79265],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,79260,118],{"class":101},[52,79262,105],{"class":66},[52,79264,2382],{"class":108},[52,79266,112],{"class":66},[52,79268,79269,79271,79273,79275],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,79270,118],{"class":101},[52,79272,105],{"class":66},[52,79274,109],{"class":108},[52,79276,112],{"class":66},[20,79278,311],{},[43,79280,79282],{"className":45,"code":79281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,79283,79284,79288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79285,79286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79287,11895],{"class":674},[52,79289,79290,79292,79294,79296,79298,79300,79302],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79291,3994],{"class":66},[52,79293,71],{"class":70},[52,79295,74],{"class":66},[52,79297,77],{"class":70},[52,79299,74],{"class":66},[52,79301,82],{"class":70},[52,79303,90],{"class":66},[20,79305,79306,79308,79309,242],{},[15,79307,64387],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,79310,3878],{},[20,79312,79313,79314,6712],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,79315,74498],{},[461,79317,79319],{"id":79318},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,79321,79322],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[43,79324,79326],{"className":45,"code":79325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,79327,79328,79353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79329,79330,79332,79334,79336,79338,79340,79342,79345,79347,79349,79351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79331,7863],{"class":58},[52,79333,63],{"class":62},[52,79335,67],{"class":66},[52,79337,71],{"class":70},[52,79339,74],{"class":66},[52,79341,768],{"class":756},[52,79343,79344],{"class":760},"two",[52,79346,757],{"class":756},[52,79348,74],{"class":66},[52,79350,82],{"class":70},[52,79352,90],{"class":66},[52,79354,79355,79357,79359,79361],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79356,7894],{"class":58},[52,79358,242],{"class":66},[52,79360,34897],{"class":108},[52,79362,8729],{"class":66},[20,79364,3107,79365,79367],{},[15,79366,1979],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[461,79369,4796,79371,79373],{"id":79370},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,79372,64387],{}," only works on lists",[20,79375,79376,79378],{},[15,79377,64387],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,79380,16736],{},[43,79382,79384],{"className":45,"code":79383,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,79385,79386,79398],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79387,79388,79390,79392,79394,79396],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79389,34785],{"class":58},[52,79391,63],{"class":62},[52,79393,768],{"class":756},[52,79395,47],{"class":760},[52,79397,3465],{"class":756},[52,79399,79400,79402,79404,79406],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79401,34806],{"class":58},[52,79403,242],{"class":66},[52,79405,34897],{"class":108},[52,79407,8729],{"class":66},[20,79409,79410,79411,33697],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,79412,64387],{},[20,79414,79415],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[43,79417,79419],{"className":45,"code":79418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,79420,79421,79439,79449,79453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79422,79423,79425,79427,79429,79431,79433,79435,79437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79424,1387],{"class":58},[52,79426,63],{"class":62},[52,79428,22655],{"class":1184},[52,79430,105],{"class":66},[52,79432,757],{"class":756},[52,79434,47],{"class":760},[52,79436,757],{"class":756},[52,79438,112],{"class":66},[52,79440,79441,79443,79445,79447],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79442,1458],{"class":58},[52,79444,242],{"class":66},[52,79446,34897],{"class":108},[52,79448,8729],{"class":66},[52,79450,79451],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79452,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,79454,79455,79457,79459,79461],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,79456,118],{"class":101},[52,79458,105],{"class":66},[52,79460,1458],{"class":108},[52,79462,112],{"class":66},[20,79464,311],{},[43,79466,79468],{"className":45,"code":79467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,79469,79470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79471,79472,79474,79476,79478,79480,79482,79484,79486,79488,79490,79492,79494,79496,79498,79500,79502,79504,79506,79508,79510,79512,79514,79516,79518,79520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79473,3994],{"class":66},[52,79475,3406],{"class":756},[52,79477,1423],{"class":760},[52,79479,3406],{"class":756},[52,79481,74],{"class":66},[52,79483,3401],{"class":756},[52,79485,1441],{"class":760},[52,79487,3406],{"class":756},[52,79489,74],{"class":66},[52,79491,3401],{"class":756},[52,79493,1432],{"class":760},[52,79495,3406],{"class":756},[52,79497,74],{"class":66},[52,79499,3401],{"class":756},[52,79501,20],{"class":760},[52,79503,3406],{"class":756},[52,79505,74],{"class":66},[52,79507,3401],{"class":756},[52,79509,1414],{"class":760},[52,79511,3406],{"class":756},[52,79513,74],{"class":66},[52,79515,3401],{"class":756},[52,79517,1405],{"class":760},[52,79519,3406],{"class":756},[52,79521,90],{"class":66},[461,79523,79525,79526,79528],{"id":79524},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79527,14932],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79530,79531,79532,242],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79533,14932],{},[20,79535,79536,79537,79539],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79538,64387],{}," will not do that:",[43,79541,79543],{"className":45,"code":79542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79544,79545,79577,79595,79599],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79546,79547,79549,79551,79553,79555,79557,79559,79561,79563,79565,79567,79569,79571,79573,79575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79548,749],{"class":58},[52,79550,63],{"class":62},[52,79552,67],{"class":66},[52,79554,757],{"class":756},[52,79556,4180],{"class":760},[52,79558,757],{"class":756},[52,79560,74],{"class":66},[52,79562,768],{"class":756},[52,79564,38451],{"class":760},[52,79566,757],{"class":756},[52,79568,74],{"class":66},[52,79570,768],{"class":756},[52,79572,4171],{"class":760},[52,79574,757],{"class":756},[52,79576,90],{"class":66},[52,79578,79579,79581,79583,79585,79587,79589,79591,79593],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79580,788],{"class":58},[52,79582,242],{"class":66},[52,79584,34897],{"class":108},[52,79586,105],{"class":66},[52,79588,14932],{"class":201},[52,79590,63],{"class":62},[52,79592,11250],{"class":101},[52,79594,112],{"class":66},[52,79596,79597],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79598,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,79600,79601,79603,79605,79607],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,79602,118],{"class":101},[52,79604,105],{"class":66},[52,79606,788],{"class":108},[52,79608,112],{"class":66},[461,79610,79612],{"id":79611},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79614,79615],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[43,79617,79619],{"className":45,"code":79618,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79620,79621,79655,79665,79669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79622,79623,79625,79627,79629,79631,79634,79636,79638,79640,79642,79644,79646,79648,79651,79653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79624,749],{"class":58},[52,79626,63],{"class":62},[52,79628,67],{"class":66},[52,79630,757],{"class":756},[52,79632,79633],{"class":760},"zebra",[52,79635,757],{"class":756},[52,79637,74],{"class":66},[52,79639,768],{"class":756},[52,79641,57848],{"class":760},[52,79643,757],{"class":756},[52,79645,74],{"class":66},[52,79647,768],{"class":756},[52,79649,79650],{"class":760},"monkey",[52,79652,757],{"class":756},[52,79654,90],{"class":66},[52,79656,79657,79659,79661,79663],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79658,788],{"class":58},[52,79660,242],{"class":66},[52,79662,34897],{"class":108},[52,79664,8729],{"class":66},[52,79666,79667],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79668,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,79670,79671,79673,79675,79677],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,79672,118],{"class":101},[52,79674,105],{"class":66},[52,79676,788],{"class":108},[52,79678,112],{"class":66},[20,79680,311],{},[43,79682,79684],{"className":45,"code":79683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79685,79686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79687,79688,79690,79692,79694,79696,79698,79700,79702,79704,79706,79708,79710,79712],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79689,3994],{"class":66},[52,79691,3406],{"class":756},[52,79693,57848],{"class":760},[52,79695,3406],{"class":756},[52,79697,74],{"class":66},[52,79699,3401],{"class":756},[52,79701,79650],{"class":760},[52,79703,3406],{"class":756},[52,79705,74],{"class":66},[52,79707,3401],{"class":756},[52,79709,79633],{"class":760},[52,79711,3406],{"class":756},[52,79713,90],{"class":66},[20,79715,133,79716,79718],{},[15,79717,78658],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[461,79720,60786],{"id":60785},[20,79722,79723],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,79725,79727],{"className":45,"code":79726,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79728,79729,79739,79753,79767,79781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79730,79731,79733,79735,79737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79732,118],{"class":101},[52,79734,105],{"class":66},[52,79736,8425],{"class":108},[52,79738,112],{"class":66},[52,79740,79741,79743,79745,79747,79749,79751],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,79742,118],{"class":101},[52,79744,105],{"class":66},[52,79746,1827],{"class":1184},[52,79748,105],{"class":66},[52,79750,8425],{"class":108},[52,79752,510],{"class":66},[52,79754,79755,79757,79759,79761,79763,79765],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,79756,118],{"class":101},[52,79758,105],{"class":66},[52,79760,8425],{"class":108},[52,79762,242],{"class":66},[52,79764,34897],{"class":108},[52,79766,7276],{"class":66},[52,79768,79769,79771,79773,79775,79777,79779],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,79770,118],{"class":101},[52,79772,105],{"class":66},[52,79774,74588],{"class":101},[52,79776,105],{"class":66},[52,79778,8425],{"class":108},[52,79780,510],{"class":66},[52,79782,79783,79785,79787,79789,79791,79793,79795,79797,79799,79801,79803],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,79784,118],{"class":101},[52,79786,1058],{"class":66},[52,79788,1827],{"class":1184},[52,79790,105],{"class":66},[52,79792,23406],{"class":108},[52,79794,126],{"class":66},[52,79796,1196],{"class":1195},[52,79798,6048],{"class":108},[52,79800,1202],{"class":1195},[52,79802,8482],{"class":108},[52,79804,1858],{"class":66},[20,79806,11259],{},[153,79808,79809,79812,79815,79822,79828],{},[156,79810,79811],{},"What values are in the list",[156,79813,79814],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[156,79816,79817,79818,2514,79820],{},"That ",[15,79819,64387],{},[15,79821,3878],{},[156,79823,79824,79825,79827],{},"Whether ",[15,79826,74498],{}," works better for your case",[156,79829,79830],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79832,79833,79834,79836],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79835,1979],{}," problems.",[38,79838,1919],{"id":1918},[461,79840,12792,79842,55549],{"id":79841},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79843,77940],{},[20,79845,62679,79846,242],{},[15,79847,3878],{},[461,79849,5270,79851,652,79853,1963],{"id":79850},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79852,64387],{},[15,79854,74498],{},[20,79856,79857,79859,79860,79862],{},[15,79858,64387],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79861,74498],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[461,79864,79866],{"id":79865},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79868,18788],{},[43,79870,79872],{"className":45,"code":79871,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79873,79874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79875,79876,79878,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79877,8425],{"class":58},[52,79879,242],{"class":66},[52,79881,34897],{"class":108},[52,79883,105],{"class":66},[52,79885,73651],{"class":201},[52,79887,63],{"class":62},[52,79889,173],{"class":674},[52,79891,112],{"class":66},[461,79893,79895],{"id":79894},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79897,18788],{},[43,79899,79901],{"className":45,"code":79900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79902,79903],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,79904,79905,79907,79909,79911,79913,79915,79917,79919,79921,79923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,79906,8425],{"class":58},[52,79908,242],{"class":66},[52,79910,34897],{"class":108},[52,79912,105],{"class":66},[52,79914,14932],{"class":201},[52,79916,63],{"class":62},[52,79918,3550],{"class":1184},[52,79920,242],{"class":66},[52,79922,8726],{"class":24845},[52,79924,112],{"class":66},[20,79926,79927],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[461,79929,79931,79932,79934],{"id":79930},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79933,1979],{}," when sorting?",[20,79936,79937],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[38,79939,1986],{"id":1985},[153,79941,79942,79947,79953,79957],{},[156,79943,79944],{},[236,79945,79946],{"href":78449},"How to sort a list in Python",[156,79948,79949],{},[236,79950,13,79951,863],{"href":74595},[15,79952,74498],{},[156,79954,79955],{},[236,79956,67152],{"href":51063},[156,79958,79959],{},[236,79960,79199],{"href":79198},[2029,79962,79963],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":79965},[79966,79967,79969,79970,79971,79972,79974,79976,79987,79997],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":78006,"depth":93,"text":79968},"What list.sort() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":78261,"depth":93,"text":78262},{"id":78453,"depth":93,"text":78454},{"id":78775,"depth":93,"text":79973},"Using the key argument",{"id":79040,"depth":93,"text":79975},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":79977},[79978,79980,79981,79983,79985,79986],{"id":79209,"depth":115,"text":79979},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":79318,"depth":115,"text":79319},{"id":79370,"depth":115,"text":79982},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79524,"depth":115,"text":79984},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79611,"depth":115,"text":79612},{"id":60785,"depth":115,"text":60786},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":79988},[79989,79991,79993,79994,79995],{"id":79841,"depth":115,"text":79990},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79850,"depth":115,"text":79992},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79865,"depth":115,"text":79866},{"id":79894,"depth":115,"text":79895},{"id":79930,"depth":115,"text":79996},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77928,"description":79998},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":80005,"title":80006,"body":80007,"description":82638,"extension":2083,"meta":82639,"navigation":296,"path":82640,"seo":82641,"stem":82642,"__hash__":82643},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":80008,"toc":82597},[80009,80014,80019,80022,80033,80036,80056,80058,80120,80122,80163,80172,80177,80182,80188,80199,80201,80220,80223,80228,80233,80235,80240,80254,80256,80274,80277,80294,80297,80303,80326,80331,80333,80336,80397,80399,80432,80434,80473,80481,80491,80497,80502,80595,80597,80621,80623,80641,80644,80675,80681,80686,80689,80691,80816,80818,80842,80844,80863,80869,80875,80994,80996,81013,81020,81026,81031,81038,81044,81046,81103,81106,81127,81130,81133,81194,81196,81229,81233,81303,81305,81322,81326,81329,81404,81406,81443,81446,81449,81520,81522,81583,81588,81593,81596,81610,81612,81685,81687,81707,81710,81713,81770,81832,81835,81867,81870,81885,81890,81892,81898,81901,81957,81960,81962,81981,81985,81987,82031,82040,82042,82102,82106,82109,82111,82204,82206,82321,82325,82327,82401,82404,82407,82409,82414,82479,82481,82505,82515,82517,82523,82532,82541,82550,82556,82559,82563,82566,82568,82594],[10,80010,13,80012,18],{"id":80011},"python-map-function-explained",[15,80013,39809],{},[20,80015,3686,80016,80018],{},[15,80017,39809],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80020,80021],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[153,80023,80024,80027,80030],{},[156,80025,80026],{},"converting numbers to strings",[156,80028,80029],{},"changing strings to integers",[156,80031,80032],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,80034,80035],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[153,80037,80038,80045,80051],{},[156,80039,80040,14144,80042,80044],{},[15,80041,39809],{},[3842,80043,4722],{}," return a list in Python 3",[156,80046,80047,80048],{},"it returns a ",[3842,80049,80050],{},"map object",[156,80052,80053,80054],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,80055,24875],{},[38,80057,41],{"id":40},[43,80059,80061],{"className":45,"code":80060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80062,80063,80087,80106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80064,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073,80075,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80066,59],{"class":58},[52,80068,63],{"class":62},[52,80070,67],{"class":66},[52,80072,71],{"class":70},[52,80074,74],{"class":66},[52,80076,77],{"class":70},[52,80078,74],{"class":66},[52,80080,82],{"class":70},[52,80082,74],{"class":66},[52,80084,87],{"class":70},[52,80086,90],{"class":66},[52,80088,80089,80091,80093,80096,80098,80100,80102,80104],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,80090,2347],{"class":58},[52,80092,63],{"class":62},[52,80094,80095],{"class":101}," map",[52,80097,105],{"class":66},[52,80099,3550],{"class":1184},[52,80101,74],{"class":66},[52,80103,1686],{"class":108},[52,80105,112],{"class":66},[52,80107,80108,80110,80112,80114,80116,80118],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80109,118],{"class":101},[52,80111,105],{"class":66},[52,80113,8179],{"class":1184},[52,80115,105],{"class":66},[52,80117,2382],{"class":108},[52,80119,510],{"class":66},[20,80121,311],{},[43,80123,80125],{"className":45,"code":80124,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,80126,80127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80128,80129,80131,80133,80135,80137,80139,80141,80143,80145,80147,80149,80151,80153,80155,80157,80159,80161],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80130,3994],{"class":66},[52,80132,3406],{"class":756},[52,80134,71],{"class":760},[52,80136,3406],{"class":756},[52,80138,74],{"class":66},[52,80140,3401],{"class":756},[52,80142,440],{"class":760},[52,80144,3406],{"class":756},[52,80146,74],{"class":66},[52,80148,3401],{"class":756},[52,80150,445],{"class":760},[52,80152,3406],{"class":756},[52,80154,74],{"class":66},[52,80156,3401],{"class":756},[52,80158,1595],{"class":760},[52,80160,3406],{"class":756},[52,80162,90],{"class":66},[20,80164,133,80165,80168,80169,80171],{},[15,80166,80167],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,80170,24875],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[38,80173,140,80175,143],{"id":80174},"what-map-does",[15,80176,39809],{},[20,80178,80179,80181],{},[15,80180,39809],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,80183,80184,80185,80187],{},"An ",[3842,80186,196],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[153,80189,80190,80192,80194,80196],{},[156,80191,37995],{},[156,80193,37998],{},[156,80195,38001],{},[156,80197,80198],{},"a range object",[20,80200,30820],{},[43,80202,80204],{"className":45,"code":80203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,80205,80206],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80207,80208,80210,80212,80214,80216,80218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80209,39952],{"class":101},[52,80211,105],{"class":66},[52,80213,37954],{"class":108},[52,80215,74],{"class":66},[52,80217,37959],{"class":108},[52,80219,112],{"class":66},[20,80221,80222],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,80224,80225,80226,33838],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3842,80227,80050],{},[20,80229,80230,80231,242],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[236,80232,5230],{"href":5229},[38,80234,181],{"id":180},[20,80236,80237,80239],{},[15,80238,39809],{}," needs at least two parts:",[153,80241,80242,80248],{},[156,80243,80244,80247],{},[3842,80245,80246],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[156,80249,80250,80253],{},[3842,80251,80252],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,80255,3805],{},[43,80257,80258],{"className":45,"code":80203,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,80259,80260],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80261,80262,80264,80266,80268,80270,80272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80263,39952],{"class":101},[52,80265,105],{"class":66},[52,80267,37954],{"class":108},[52,80269,74],{"class":66},[52,80271,37959],{"class":108},[52,80273,112],{"class":66},[20,80275,80276],{},"You can pass:",[153,80278,80279,80288,80291],{},[156,80280,80281,80282,2305,80284,2309,80286],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,80283,3550],{},[15,80285,1185],{},[15,80287,2137],{},[156,80289,80290],{},"your own custom function",[156,80292,80293],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,80295,80296],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,80298,80299,80300,80302],{},"You will often see ",[15,80301,39809],{}," used like this:",[43,80304,80306],{"className":45,"code":80305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,80307,80308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80309,80310,80312,80314,80316,80318,80320,80322,80324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80311,8179],{"class":1184},[52,80313,105],{"class":66},[52,80315,39952],{"class":101},[52,80317,105],{"class":66},[52,80319,37954],{"class":108},[52,80321,74],{"class":66},[52,80323,1205],{"class":108},[52,80325,510],{"class":66},[20,80327,6758,80328,80330],{},[15,80329,24875],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[38,80332,246],{"id":245},[20,80334,80335],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[43,80337,80339],{"className":45,"code":80338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80340,80341,80361,80379,80383],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80342,80343,80345,80347,80349,80351,80353,80355,80357,80359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80344,59],{"class":58},[52,80346,63],{"class":62},[52,80348,67],{"class":66},[52,80350,430],{"class":70},[52,80352,74],{"class":66},[52,80354,7874],{"class":70},[52,80356,74],{"class":66},[52,80358,7879],{"class":70},[52,80360,90],{"class":66},[52,80362,80363,80365,80367,80369,80371,80373,80375,80377],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,80364,2347],{"class":58},[52,80366,63],{"class":62},[52,80368,80095],{"class":101},[52,80370,105],{"class":66},[52,80372,3550],{"class":1184},[52,80374,74],{"class":66},[52,80376,1686],{"class":108},[52,80378,112],{"class":66},[52,80380,80381],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80382,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80384,80385,80387,80389,80391,80393,80395],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,80386,118],{"class":101},[52,80388,105],{"class":66},[52,80390,8179],{"class":1184},[52,80392,105],{"class":66},[52,80394,2382],{"class":108},[52,80396,510],{"class":66},[20,80398,311],{},[43,80400,80402],{"className":45,"code":80401,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,80403,80404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80405,80406,80408,80410,80412,80414,80416,80418,80420,80422,80424,80426,80428,80430],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80407,3994],{"class":66},[52,80409,3406],{"class":756},[52,80411,430],{"class":760},[52,80413,3406],{"class":756},[52,80415,74],{"class":66},[52,80417,3401],{"class":756},[52,80419,15846],{"class":760},[52,80421,3406],{"class":756},[52,80423,74],{"class":66},[52,80425,3401],{"class":756},[52,80427,36935],{"class":760},[52,80429,3406],{"class":756},[52,80431,90],{"class":66},[20,80433,323],{},[153,80435,80436,80441,80449,80457,80465],{},[156,80437,80438,80440],{},[15,80439,109],{}," contains integers",[156,80442,80443,80446,80447],{},[15,80444,80445],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,80448,862],{},[156,80450,80451,42241,80454],{},[15,80452,80453],{},"str(10)",[15,80455,80456],{},"'10'",[156,80458,80459,42241,80462],{},[15,80460,80461],{},"str(20)",[15,80463,80464],{},"'20'",[156,80466,80467,42241,80470],{},[15,80468,80469],{},"str(30)",[15,80471,80472],{},"'30'",[20,80474,53734,80475,80477,80478,80480],{},[15,80476,39809],{}," applies ",[15,80479,862],{}," one item at a time.",[20,80482,80483,80484,80486,80487,242],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80485,24875],{}," better, see ",[236,80488,13,80489,1999],{"href":64923},[15,80490,24875],{},[38,80492,1372,80494,80496],{"id":80493},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80495,39809],{}," with your own function",[20,80498,15806,80499,80501],{},[15,80500,39809],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[43,80503,80505],{"className":45,"code":80504,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80506,80507,80520,80530,80534,80558,80577,80581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80508,80509,80511,80514,80516,80518],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80510,34949],{"class":2184},[52,80512,80513],{"class":34952}," double",[52,80515,105],{"class":66},[52,80517,1190],{"class":37756},[52,80519,8428],{"class":66},[52,80521,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,80523,34960],{"class":1195},[52,80525,1199],{"class":58},[52,80527,39965],{"class":62},[52,80529,45674],{"class":70},[52,80531,80532],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80533,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80535,80536,80538,80540,80542,80544,80546,80548,80550,80552,80554,80556],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,80537,59],{"class":58},[52,80539,63],{"class":62},[52,80541,67],{"class":66},[52,80543,71],{"class":70},[52,80545,74],{"class":66},[52,80547,77],{"class":70},[52,80549,74],{"class":66},[52,80551,82],{"class":70},[52,80553,74],{"class":66},[52,80555,87],{"class":70},[52,80557,90],{"class":66},[52,80559,80560,80562,80564,80566,80568,80571,80573,80575],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,80561,2347],{"class":58},[52,80563,63],{"class":62},[52,80565,80095],{"class":101},[52,80567,105],{"class":66},[52,80569,80570],{"class":108},"double",[52,80572,74],{"class":66},[52,80574,1686],{"class":108},[52,80576,112],{"class":66},[52,80578,80579],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,80580,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80582,80583,80585,80587,80589,80591,80593],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,80584,118],{"class":101},[52,80586,105],{"class":66},[52,80588,8179],{"class":1184},[52,80590,105],{"class":66},[52,80592,2382],{"class":108},[52,80594,510],{"class":66},[20,80596,311],{},[43,80598,80599],{"className":45,"code":39978,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,80600,80601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80602,80603,80605,80607,80609,80611,80613,80615,80617,80619],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80604,3994],{"class":66},[52,80606,440],{"class":70},[52,80608,74],{"class":66},[52,80610,87],{"class":70},[52,80612,74],{"class":66},[52,80614,619],{"class":70},[52,80616,74],{"class":66},[52,80618,6445],{"class":70},[52,80620,90],{"class":66},[20,80622,65660],{},[153,80624,80625,80632,80638],{},[156,80626,80627,80629,80630],{},[15,80628,39809],{}," takes the function ",[15,80631,80570],{},[156,80633,80634,80635,80637],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80636,109],{}," into that function",[156,80639,80640],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80642,80643],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[153,80645,80646,80653,80660,80668],{},[156,80647,80648,6158,80651],{},[15,80649,80650],{},"double(1)",[15,80652,440],{},[156,80654,80655,6158,80658],{},[15,80656,80657],{},"double(2)",[15,80659,1595],{},[156,80661,80662,6158,80665],{},[15,80663,80664],{},"double(3)",[15,80666,80667],{},"6",[156,80669,80670,6158,80673],{},[15,80671,80672],{},"double(4)",[15,80674,2463],{},[38,80676,1372,80678,80680],{"id":80677},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80679,39809],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80682,80683,80685],{},[15,80684,39809],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80687,80688],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80690,2324],{},[43,80692,80694],{"className":45,"code":80693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80695,80696,80713,80723,80727,80748,80769,80773,80798,80802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80697,80698,80700,80703,80705,80707,80709,80711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80699,34949],{"class":2184},[52,80701,80702],{"class":34952}," add_numbers",[52,80704,105],{"class":66},[52,80706,236],{"class":37756},[52,80708,74],{"class":66},[52,80710,2673],{"class":37756},[52,80712,8428],{"class":66},[52,80714,80715,80717,80719,80721],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,80716,34960],{"class":1195},[52,80718,44629],{"class":58},[52,80720,2179],{"class":62},[52,80722,36278],{"class":58},[52,80724,80725],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80726,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80728,80729,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744,80746],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,80730,80731],{"class":58},"list1 ",[52,80733,63],{"class":62},[52,80735,67],{"class":66},[52,80737,71],{"class":70},[52,80739,74],{"class":66},[52,80741,77],{"class":70},[52,80743,74],{"class":66},[52,80745,82],{"class":70},[52,80747,90],{"class":66},[52,80749,80750,80753,80755,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,80751,80752],{"class":58},"list2 ",[52,80754,63],{"class":62},[52,80756,67],{"class":66},[52,80758,430],{"class":70},[52,80760,74],{"class":66},[52,80762,7874],{"class":70},[52,80764,74],{"class":66},[52,80766,7879],{"class":70},[52,80768,90],{"class":66},[52,80770,80771],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,80772,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80774,80775,80777,80779,80781,80783,80786,80788,80791,80793,80796],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,80776,2347],{"class":58},[52,80778,63],{"class":62},[52,80780,80095],{"class":101},[52,80782,105],{"class":66},[52,80784,80785],{"class":108},"add_numbers",[52,80787,74],{"class":66},[52,80789,80790],{"class":108}," list1",[52,80792,74],{"class":66},[52,80794,80795],{"class":108}," list2",[52,80797,112],{"class":66},[52,80799,80800],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,80801,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80803,80804,80806,80808,80810,80812,80814],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,80805,118],{"class":101},[52,80807,105],{"class":66},[52,80809,8179],{"class":1184},[52,80811,105],{"class":66},[52,80813,2382],{"class":108},[52,80815,510],{"class":66},[20,80817,311],{},[43,80819,80821],{"className":45,"code":80820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80822,80823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80824,80825,80827,80830,80832,80835,80837,80840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80826,3994],{"class":66},[52,80828,80829],{"class":70},"11",[52,80831,74],{"class":66},[52,80833,80834],{"class":70}," 22",[52,80836,74],{"class":66},[52,80838,80839],{"class":70}," 33",[52,80841,90],{"class":66},[20,80843,2295],{},[153,80845,80846,80852,80858],{},[156,80847,80848,80849],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80850,80851],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[156,80853,80854,80855],{},"then ",[15,80856,80857],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[156,80859,80854,80860],{},[15,80861,80862],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[461,80864,80866,80868],{"id":80865},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80867,39809],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80870,80871,80872,80874],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80873,39809],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[43,80876,80878],{"className":45,"code":80877,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80879,80880,80896,80906,80910,80934,80950,80954,80976,80980],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,80881,80882,80884,80886,80888,80890,80892,80894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,80883,34949],{"class":2184},[52,80885,80702],{"class":34952},[52,80887,105],{"class":66},[52,80889,236],{"class":37756},[52,80891,74],{"class":66},[52,80893,2673],{"class":37756},[52,80895,8428],{"class":66},[52,80897,80898,80900,80902,80904],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,80899,34960],{"class":1195},[52,80901,44629],{"class":58},[52,80903,2179],{"class":62},[52,80905,36278],{"class":58},[52,80907,80908],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,80909,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80911,80912,80914,80916,80918,80920,80922,80924,80926,80928,80930,80932],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,80913,80731],{"class":58},[52,80915,63],{"class":62},[52,80917,67],{"class":66},[52,80919,71],{"class":70},[52,80921,74],{"class":66},[52,80923,77],{"class":70},[52,80925,74],{"class":66},[52,80927,82],{"class":70},[52,80929,74],{"class":66},[52,80931,87],{"class":70},[52,80933,90],{"class":66},[52,80935,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,80937,80752],{"class":58},[52,80939,63],{"class":62},[52,80941,67],{"class":66},[52,80943,430],{"class":70},[52,80945,74],{"class":66},[52,80947,7874],{"class":70},[52,80949,90],{"class":66},[52,80951,80952],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,80953,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80955,80956,80958,80960,80962,80964,80966,80968,80970,80972,80974],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,80957,2347],{"class":58},[52,80959,63],{"class":62},[52,80961,80095],{"class":101},[52,80963,105],{"class":66},[52,80965,80785],{"class":108},[52,80967,74],{"class":66},[52,80969,80790],{"class":108},[52,80971,74],{"class":66},[52,80973,80795],{"class":108},[52,80975,112],{"class":66},[52,80977,80978],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,80979,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,80981,80982,80984,80986,80988,80990,80992],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,80983,118],{"class":101},[52,80985,105],{"class":66},[52,80987,8179],{"class":1184},[52,80989,105],{"class":66},[52,80991,2382],{"class":108},[52,80993,510],{"class":66},[20,80995,311],{},[43,80997,80999],{"className":45,"code":80998,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[11, 22]\n",[15,81000,81001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81002,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81004,3994],{"class":66},[52,81006,80829],{"class":70},[52,81008,74],{"class":66},[52,81010,80834],{"class":70},[52,81012,90],{"class":66},[20,81014,81015,81016,81019],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,81017,81018],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[38,81021,81023,81025],{"id":81022},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,81024,39809],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,81027,38116,81028,81030],{},[15,81029,39809],{}," returns a map object.",[20,81032,81033,81034,81037],{},"This object is ",[3842,81035,81036],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[461,81039,1723,81041,81043],{"id":81040},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,81042,33123],{}," looks strange",[20,81045,33739],{},[43,81047,81049],{"className":45,"code":81048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,81050,81051,81071,81089,81093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81052,81053,81055,81057,81059,81061,81063,81065,81067,81069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81054,59],{"class":58},[52,81056,63],{"class":62},[52,81058,67],{"class":66},[52,81060,71],{"class":70},[52,81062,74],{"class":66},[52,81064,77],{"class":70},[52,81066,74],{"class":66},[52,81068,82],{"class":70},[52,81070,90],{"class":66},[52,81072,81073,81075,81077,81079,81081,81083,81085,81087],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81074,2347],{"class":58},[52,81076,63],{"class":62},[52,81078,80095],{"class":101},[52,81080,105],{"class":66},[52,81082,3550],{"class":1184},[52,81084,74],{"class":66},[52,81086,1686],{"class":108},[52,81088,112],{"class":66},[52,81090,81091],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81092,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,81094,81095,81097,81099,81101],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,81096,118],{"class":101},[52,81098,105],{"class":66},[52,81100,2382],{"class":108},[52,81102,112],{"class":66},[20,81104,81105],{},"Output will look something like this:",[43,81107,81109],{"className":45,"code":81108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,81110,81111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81112,81113,81115,81117,81119,81121,81123,81125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81114,3395],{"class":62},[52,81116,39952],{"class":101},[52,81118,241],{"class":1184},[52,81120,37458],{"class":58},[52,81122,37462],{"class":37461},[52,81124,37465],{"class":34550},[52,81126,3409],{"class":62},[20,81128,81129],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,81131,81132],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[43,81134,81136],{"className":45,"code":81135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81137,81138,81158,81176,81180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81139,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81141,59],{"class":58},[52,81143,63],{"class":62},[52,81145,67],{"class":66},[52,81147,71],{"class":70},[52,81149,74],{"class":66},[52,81151,77],{"class":70},[52,81153,74],{"class":66},[52,81155,82],{"class":70},[52,81157,90],{"class":66},[52,81159,81160,81162,81164,81166,81168,81170,81172,81174],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81161,2347],{"class":58},[52,81163,63],{"class":62},[52,81165,80095],{"class":101},[52,81167,105],{"class":66},[52,81169,3550],{"class":1184},[52,81171,74],{"class":66},[52,81173,1686],{"class":108},[52,81175,112],{"class":66},[52,81177,81178],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81179,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,81181,81182,81184,81186,81188,81190,81192],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,81183,118],{"class":101},[52,81185,105],{"class":66},[52,81187,8179],{"class":1184},[52,81189,105],{"class":66},[52,81191,2382],{"class":108},[52,81193,510],{"class":66},[20,81195,311],{},[43,81197,81199],{"className":45,"code":81198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81200,81201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81202,81203,81205,81207,81209,81211,81213,81215,81217,81219,81221,81223,81225,81227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81204,3994],{"class":66},[52,81206,3406],{"class":756},[52,81208,71],{"class":760},[52,81210,3406],{"class":756},[52,81212,74],{"class":66},[52,81214,3401],{"class":756},[52,81216,440],{"class":760},[52,81218,3406],{"class":756},[52,81220,74],{"class":66},[52,81222,3401],{"class":756},[52,81224,445],{"class":760},[52,81226,3406],{"class":756},[52,81228,90],{"class":66},[461,81230,81232],{"id":81231},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[43,81234,81236],{"className":45,"code":81235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81237,81238,81258,81276,81280,81293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81239,81240,81242,81244,81246,81248,81250,81252,81254,81256],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81241,59],{"class":58},[52,81243,63],{"class":62},[52,81245,67],{"class":66},[52,81247,71],{"class":70},[52,81249,74],{"class":66},[52,81251,77],{"class":70},[52,81253,74],{"class":66},[52,81255,82],{"class":70},[52,81257,90],{"class":66},[52,81259,81260,81262,81264,81266,81268,81270,81272,81274],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81261,2347],{"class":58},[52,81263,63],{"class":62},[52,81265,80095],{"class":101},[52,81267,105],{"class":66},[52,81269,3550],{"class":1184},[52,81271,74],{"class":66},[52,81273,1686],{"class":108},[52,81275,112],{"class":66},[52,81277,81278],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81279,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,81281,81282,81284,81286,81288,81291],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,81283,1678],{"class":1195},[52,81285,6048],{"class":58},[52,81287,1202],{"class":1195},[52,81289,81290],{"class":58}," result",[52,81292,1689],{"class":66},[52,81294,81295,81297,81299,81301],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,81296,8154],{"class":101},[52,81298,105],{"class":66},[52,81300,23406],{"class":108},[52,81302,112],{"class":66},[20,81304,311],{},[43,81306,81308],{"className":45,"code":81307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,81309,81310,81314,81318],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81311,81312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81313,47001],{"class":70},[52,81315,81316],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81317,17149],{"class":70},[52,81319,81320],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81321,710],{"class":70},[461,81323,81325],{"id":81324},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,81327,81328],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[43,81330,81332],{"className":45,"code":81331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81333,81334,81354,81372,81376,81390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81335,81336,81338,81340,81342,81344,81346,81348,81350,81352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81337,59],{"class":58},[52,81339,63],{"class":62},[52,81341,67],{"class":66},[52,81343,71],{"class":70},[52,81345,74],{"class":66},[52,81347,77],{"class":70},[52,81349,74],{"class":66},[52,81351,82],{"class":70},[52,81353,90],{"class":66},[52,81355,81356,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81357,2347],{"class":58},[52,81359,63],{"class":62},[52,81361,80095],{"class":101},[52,81363,105],{"class":66},[52,81365,3550],{"class":1184},[52,81367,74],{"class":66},[52,81369,1686],{"class":108},[52,81371,112],{"class":66},[52,81373,81374],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81375,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,81377,81378,81380,81382,81384,81386,81388],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,81379,118],{"class":101},[52,81381,105],{"class":66},[52,81383,8179],{"class":1184},[52,81385,105],{"class":66},[52,81387,2382],{"class":108},[52,81389,510],{"class":66},[52,81391,81392,81394,81396,81398,81400,81402],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,81393,118],{"class":101},[52,81395,105],{"class":66},[52,81397,8179],{"class":1184},[52,81399,105],{"class":66},[52,81401,2382],{"class":108},[52,81403,510],{"class":66},[20,81405,311],{},[43,81407,81409],{"className":45,"code":81408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,81410,81411,81439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81412,81413,81415,81417,81419,81421,81423,81425,81427,81429,81431,81433,81435,81437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81414,3994],{"class":66},[52,81416,3406],{"class":756},[52,81418,71],{"class":760},[52,81420,3406],{"class":756},[52,81422,74],{"class":66},[52,81424,3401],{"class":756},[52,81426,440],{"class":760},[52,81428,3406],{"class":756},[52,81430,74],{"class":66},[52,81432,3401],{"class":756},[52,81434,445],{"class":760},[52,81436,3406],{"class":756},[52,81438,90],{"class":66},[52,81440,81441],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81442,38390],{"class":66},[20,81444,81445],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,81447,81448],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[43,81450,81452],{"className":45,"code":81451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,81453,81454,81474,81496,81500,81510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81455,81456,81458,81460,81462,81464,81466,81468,81470,81472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81457,59],{"class":58},[52,81459,63],{"class":62},[52,81461,67],{"class":66},[52,81463,71],{"class":70},[52,81465,74],{"class":66},[52,81467,77],{"class":70},[52,81469,74],{"class":66},[52,81471,82],{"class":70},[52,81473,90],{"class":66},[52,81475,81476,81478,81480,81482,81484,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81477,2347],{"class":58},[52,81479,63],{"class":62},[52,81481,22655],{"class":1184},[52,81483,105],{"class":66},[52,81485,39952],{"class":101},[52,81487,105],{"class":66},[52,81489,3550],{"class":1184},[52,81491,74],{"class":66},[52,81493,1686],{"class":108},[52,81495,510],{"class":66},[52,81497,81498],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81499,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,81501,81502,81504,81506,81508],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,81503,118],{"class":101},[52,81505,105],{"class":66},[52,81507,2382],{"class":108},[52,81509,112],{"class":66},[52,81511,81512,81514,81516,81518],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,81513,118],{"class":101},[52,81515,105],{"class":66},[52,81517,2382],{"class":108},[52,81519,112],{"class":66},[20,81521,311],{},[43,81523,81525],{"className":45,"code":81524,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81526,81527,81555],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81528,81529,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81543,81545,81547,81549,81551,81553],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81530,3994],{"class":66},[52,81532,3406],{"class":756},[52,81534,71],{"class":760},[52,81536,3406],{"class":756},[52,81538,74],{"class":66},[52,81540,3401],{"class":756},[52,81542,440],{"class":760},[52,81544,3406],{"class":756},[52,81546,74],{"class":66},[52,81548,3401],{"class":756},[52,81550,445],{"class":760},[52,81552,3406],{"class":756},[52,81554,90],{"class":66},[52,81556,81557,81559,81561,81563,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81558,3994],{"class":66},[52,81560,3406],{"class":756},[52,81562,71],{"class":760},[52,81564,3406],{"class":756},[52,81566,74],{"class":66},[52,81568,3401],{"class":756},[52,81570,440],{"class":760},[52,81572,3406],{"class":756},[52,81574,74],{"class":66},[52,81576,3401],{"class":756},[52,81578,445],{"class":760},[52,81580,3406],{"class":756},[52,81582,90],{"class":66},[38,81584,5054,81586],{"id":81585},"when-to-use-map",[15,81587,39809],{},[20,81589,81590,81592],{},[15,81591,39809],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81594,81595],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[153,81597,81598,81602,81606],{},[156,81599,81600],{},[15,81601,3550],{},[156,81603,81604],{},[15,81605,1185],{},[156,81607,81608],{},[15,81609,2137],{},[20,81611,2324],{},[43,81613,81615],{"className":45,"code":81614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81616,81617,81649,81671,81675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81618,81619,81621,81623,81625,81627,81629,81631,81633,81635,81637,81639,81641,81643,81645,81647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81620,474],{"class":58},[52,81622,63],{"class":62},[52,81624,67],{"class":66},[52,81626,3406],{"class":756},[52,81628,71],{"class":760},[52,81630,3406],{"class":756},[52,81632,74],{"class":66},[52,81634,3401],{"class":756},[52,81636,440],{"class":760},[52,81638,3406],{"class":756},[52,81640,74],{"class":66},[52,81642,3401],{"class":756},[52,81644,445],{"class":760},[52,81646,3406],{"class":756},[52,81648,90],{"class":66},[52,81650,81651,81653,81655,81657,81659,81661,81663,81665,81667,81669],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81652,59],{"class":58},[52,81654,63],{"class":62},[52,81656,22655],{"class":1184},[52,81658,105],{"class":66},[52,81660,39952],{"class":101},[52,81662,105],{"class":66},[52,81664,1185],{"class":1184},[52,81666,74],{"class":66},[52,81668,1205],{"class":108},[52,81670,510],{"class":66},[52,81672,81673],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81674,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,81676,81677,81679,81681,81683],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,81678,118],{"class":101},[52,81680,105],{"class":66},[52,81682,109],{"class":108},[52,81684,112],{"class":66},[20,81686,311],{},[43,81688,81689],{"className":45,"code":55230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81690,81691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81692,81693,81695,81697,81699,81701,81703,81705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81694,3994],{"class":66},[52,81696,71],{"class":70},[52,81698,74],{"class":66},[52,81700,77],{"class":70},[52,81702,74],{"class":66},[52,81704,82],{"class":70},[52,81706,90],{"class":66},[20,81708,81709],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81711,81712],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[43,81714,81716],{"className":45,"code":81715,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81717,81718,81738,81760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81719,81720,81722,81724,81726,81728,81730,81732,81734,81736],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81721,59],{"class":58},[52,81723,63],{"class":62},[52,81725,67],{"class":66},[52,81727,71],{"class":70},[52,81729,74],{"class":66},[52,81731,77],{"class":70},[52,81733,74],{"class":66},[52,81735,82],{"class":70},[52,81737,90],{"class":66},[52,81739,81740,81742,81744,81746,81748,81750,81752,81754,81756,81758],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81741,2347],{"class":58},[52,81743,63],{"class":62},[52,81745,22655],{"class":1184},[52,81747,105],{"class":66},[52,81749,39952],{"class":101},[52,81751,105],{"class":66},[52,81753,3550],{"class":1184},[52,81755,74],{"class":66},[52,81757,1686],{"class":108},[52,81759,510],{"class":66},[52,81761,81762,81764,81766,81768],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81763,118],{"class":101},[52,81765,105],{"class":66},[52,81767,2382],{"class":108},[52,81769,112],{"class":66},[43,81771,81773],{"className":45,"code":81772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81774,81775,81795,81822],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81776,81777,81779,81781,81783,81785,81787,81789,81791,81793],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81778,59],{"class":58},[52,81780,63],{"class":62},[52,81782,67],{"class":66},[52,81784,71],{"class":70},[52,81786,74],{"class":66},[52,81788,77],{"class":70},[52,81790,74],{"class":66},[52,81792,82],{"class":70},[52,81794,90],{"class":66},[52,81796,81797,81799,81801,81803,81805,81807,81809,81811,81813,81816,81818,81820],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81798,2347],{"class":58},[52,81800,63],{"class":62},[52,81802,67],{"class":66},[52,81804,3550],{"class":1184},[52,81806,105],{"class":66},[52,81808,1441],{"class":108},[52,81810,126],{"class":66},[52,81812,1196],{"class":1195},[52,81814,81815],{"class":58}," n ",[52,81817,1202],{"class":1195},[52,81819,1686],{"class":58},[52,81821,90],{"class":66},[52,81823,81824,81826,81828,81830],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81825,118],{"class":101},[52,81827,105],{"class":66},[52,81829,2382],{"class":108},[52,81831,112],{"class":66},[20,81833,81834],{},"Both produce:",[43,81836,81837],{"className":45,"code":81198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81838,81839],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81840,81841,81843,81845,81847,81849,81851,81853,81855,81857,81859,81861,81863,81865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81842,3994],{"class":66},[52,81844,3406],{"class":756},[52,81846,71],{"class":760},[52,81848,3406],{"class":756},[52,81850,74],{"class":66},[52,81852,3401],{"class":756},[52,81854,440],{"class":760},[52,81856,3406],{"class":756},[52,81858,74],{"class":66},[52,81860,3401],{"class":756},[52,81862,445],{"class":760},[52,81864,3406],{"class":756},[52,81866,90],{"class":66},[20,81868,81869],{},"A simple rule:",[153,81871,81872,81877,81882],{},[156,81873,40083,81874,81876],{},[15,81875,39809],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[156,81878,40089,81879,81881],{},[15,81880,1678],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[156,81883,81884],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81886,81887,81888,242],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[236,81889,4484],{"href":4483},[38,81891,4610],{"id":4609},[461,81893,81895,81896],{"id":81894},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81897,24875],{},[20,81899,81900],{},"This is very common:",[43,81902,81903],{"className":45,"code":81048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,81904,81905,81925,81943,81947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81906,81907,81909,81911,81913,81915,81917,81919,81921,81923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81908,59],{"class":58},[52,81910,63],{"class":62},[52,81912,67],{"class":66},[52,81914,71],{"class":70},[52,81916,74],{"class":66},[52,81918,77],{"class":70},[52,81920,74],{"class":66},[52,81922,82],{"class":70},[52,81924,90],{"class":66},[52,81926,81927,81929,81931,81933,81935,81937,81939,81941],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,81928,2347],{"class":58},[52,81930,63],{"class":62},[52,81932,80095],{"class":101},[52,81934,105],{"class":66},[52,81936,3550],{"class":1184},[52,81938,74],{"class":66},[52,81940,1686],{"class":108},[52,81942,112],{"class":66},[52,81944,81945],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,81946,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,81948,81949,81951,81953,81955],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,81950,118],{"class":101},[52,81952,105],{"class":66},[52,81954,2382],{"class":108},[52,81956,112],{"class":66},[20,81958,81959],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81961,39354],{},[43,81963,81965],{"className":45,"code":81964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81966,81967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81968,81969,81971,81973,81975,81977,81979],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81970,118],{"class":101},[52,81972,105],{"class":66},[52,81974,8179],{"class":1184},[52,81976,105],{"class":66},[52,81978,2382],{"class":108},[52,81980,510],{"class":66},[461,81982,81984],{"id":81983},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81986,16736],{},[43,81988,81990],{"className":45,"code":81989,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81991,81992,82012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,81993,81994,81996,81998,82000,82002,82004,82006,82008,82010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,81995,59],{"class":58},[52,81997,63],{"class":62},[52,81999,67],{"class":66},[52,82001,71],{"class":70},[52,82003,74],{"class":66},[52,82005,77],{"class":70},[52,82007,74],{"class":66},[52,82009,82],{"class":70},[52,82011,90],{"class":66},[52,82013,82014,82016,82018,82020,82022,82024,82027,82029],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82015,2347],{"class":58},[52,82017,63],{"class":62},[52,82019,80095],{"class":101},[52,82021,105],{"class":66},[52,82023,3550],{"class":1184},[52,82025,82026],{"class":66},"(),",[52,82028,1686],{"class":108},[52,82030,112],{"class":66},[20,82032,82033,82034,82036,82037,82039],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,82035,862],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,82038,39809],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,82041,16748],{},[43,82043,82044],{"className":45,"code":81135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82045,82046,82066,82084,82088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82047,82048,82050,82052,82054,82056,82058,82060,82062,82064],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82049,59],{"class":58},[52,82051,63],{"class":62},[52,82053,67],{"class":66},[52,82055,71],{"class":70},[52,82057,74],{"class":66},[52,82059,77],{"class":70},[52,82061,74],{"class":66},[52,82063,82],{"class":70},[52,82065,90],{"class":66},[52,82067,82068,82070,82072,82074,82076,82078,82080,82082],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82069,2347],{"class":58},[52,82071,63],{"class":62},[52,82073,80095],{"class":101},[52,82075,105],{"class":66},[52,82077,3550],{"class":1184},[52,82079,74],{"class":66},[52,82081,1686],{"class":108},[52,82083,112],{"class":66},[52,82085,82086],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82087,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,82089,82090,82092,82094,82096,82098,82100],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,82091,118],{"class":101},[52,82093,105],{"class":66},[52,82095,8179],{"class":1184},[52,82097,105],{"class":66},[52,82099,2382],{"class":108},[52,82101,510],{"class":66},[461,82103,82105],{"id":82104},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,82107,82108],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,82110,16736],{},[43,82112,82114],{"className":45,"code":82113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82115,82116,82133,82143,82147,82167,82186,82190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82117,82118,82120,82123,82125,82127,82129,82131],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82119,34949],{"class":2184},[52,82121,82122],{"class":34952}," add",[52,82124,105],{"class":66},[52,82126,236],{"class":37756},[52,82128,74],{"class":66},[52,82130,2673],{"class":37756},[52,82132,8428],{"class":66},[52,82134,82135,82137,82139,82141],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82136,34960],{"class":1195},[52,82138,44629],{"class":58},[52,82140,2179],{"class":62},[52,82142,36278],{"class":58},[52,82144,82145],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82146,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,82148,82149,82151,82153,82155,82157,82159,82161,82163,82165],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,82150,59],{"class":58},[52,82152,63],{"class":62},[52,82154,67],{"class":66},[52,82156,71],{"class":70},[52,82158,74],{"class":66},[52,82160,77],{"class":70},[52,82162,74],{"class":66},[52,82164,82],{"class":70},[52,82166,90],{"class":66},[52,82168,82169,82171,82173,82175,82177,82180,82182,82184],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,82170,2347],{"class":58},[52,82172,63],{"class":62},[52,82174,80095],{"class":101},[52,82176,105],{"class":66},[52,82178,82179],{"class":108},"add",[52,82181,74],{"class":66},[52,82183,1686],{"class":108},[52,82185,112],{"class":66},[52,82187,82188],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,82189,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,82191,82192,82194,82196,82198,82200,82202],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,82193,118],{"class":101},[52,82195,105],{"class":66},[52,82197,8179],{"class":1184},[52,82199,105],{"class":66},[52,82201,2382],{"class":108},[52,82203,510],{"class":66},[20,82205,16748],{},[43,82207,82209],{"className":45,"code":82208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,82210,82211,82227,82237,82241,82261,82281,82303,82307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82212,82213,82215,82217,82219,82221,82223,82225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82214,34949],{"class":2184},[52,82216,82122],{"class":34952},[52,82218,105],{"class":66},[52,82220,236],{"class":37756},[52,82222,74],{"class":66},[52,82224,2673],{"class":37756},[52,82226,8428],{"class":66},[52,82228,82229,82231,82233,82235],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82230,34960],{"class":1195},[52,82232,44629],{"class":58},[52,82234,2179],{"class":62},[52,82236,36278],{"class":58},[52,82238,82239],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82240,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,82242,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,82244,80731],{"class":58},[52,82246,63],{"class":62},[52,82248,67],{"class":66},[52,82250,71],{"class":70},[52,82252,74],{"class":66},[52,82254,77],{"class":70},[52,82256,74],{"class":66},[52,82258,82],{"class":70},[52,82260,90],{"class":66},[52,82262,82263,82265,82267,82269,82271,82273,82275,82277,82279],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,82264,80752],{"class":58},[52,82266,63],{"class":62},[52,82268,67],{"class":66},[52,82270,430],{"class":70},[52,82272,74],{"class":66},[52,82274,7874],{"class":70},[52,82276,74],{"class":66},[52,82278,7879],{"class":70},[52,82280,90],{"class":66},[52,82282,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,82284,2347],{"class":58},[52,82286,63],{"class":62},[52,82288,80095],{"class":101},[52,82290,105],{"class":66},[52,82292,82179],{"class":108},[52,82294,74],{"class":66},[52,82296,80790],{"class":108},[52,82298,74],{"class":66},[52,82300,80795],{"class":108},[52,82302,112],{"class":66},[52,82304,82305],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,82306,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,82308,82309,82311,82313,82315,82317,82319],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,82310,118],{"class":101},[52,82312,105],{"class":66},[52,82314,8179],{"class":1184},[52,82316,105],{"class":66},[52,82318,2382],{"class":108},[52,82320,510],{"class":66},[461,82322,82324],{"id":82323},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,82326,16736],{},[43,82328,82329],{"className":45,"code":81331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,82330,82331,82351,82369,82373,82387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82332,82333,82335,82337,82339,82341,82343,82345,82347,82349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82334,59],{"class":58},[52,82336,63],{"class":62},[52,82338,67],{"class":66},[52,82340,71],{"class":70},[52,82342,74],{"class":66},[52,82344,77],{"class":70},[52,82346,74],{"class":66},[52,82348,82],{"class":70},[52,82350,90],{"class":66},[52,82352,82353,82355,82357,82359,82361,82363,82365,82367],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82354,2347],{"class":58},[52,82356,63],{"class":62},[52,82358,80095],{"class":101},[52,82360,105],{"class":66},[52,82362,3550],{"class":1184},[52,82364,74],{"class":66},[52,82366,1686],{"class":108},[52,82368,112],{"class":66},[52,82370,82371],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82372,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,82374,82375,82377,82379,82381,82383,82385],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,82376,118],{"class":101},[52,82378,105],{"class":66},[52,82380,8179],{"class":1184},[52,82382,105],{"class":66},[52,82384,2382],{"class":108},[52,82386,510],{"class":66},[52,82388,82389,82391,82393,82395,82397,82399],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,82390,118],{"class":101},[52,82392,105],{"class":66},[52,82394,8179],{"class":1184},[52,82396,105],{"class":66},[52,82398,2382],{"class":108},[52,82400,510],{"class":66},[20,82402,82403],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,82405,82406],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[38,82408,67970],{"id":67969},[20,82410,1800,82411,82413],{},[15,82412,39809],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,82415,82417],{"className":45,"code":82416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,82418,82419,82429,82443,82457,82469],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82420,82421,82423,82425,82427],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82422,118],{"class":101},[52,82424,105],{"class":66},[52,82426,2382],{"class":108},[52,82428,112],{"class":66},[52,82430,82431,82433,82435,82437,82439,82441],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82432,118],{"class":101},[52,82434,105],{"class":66},[52,82436,8179],{"class":1184},[52,82438,105],{"class":66},[52,82440,2382],{"class":108},[52,82442,510],{"class":66},[52,82444,82445,82447,82449,82451,82453,82455],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82446,118],{"class":101},[52,82448,105],{"class":66},[52,82450,1827],{"class":1184},[52,82452,105],{"class":66},[52,82454,2382],{"class":108},[52,82456,510],{"class":66},[52,82458,82459,82461,82463,82465,82467],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,82460,1678],{"class":1195},[52,82462,6048],{"class":58},[52,82464,1202],{"class":1195},[52,82466,81290],{"class":58},[52,82468,1689],{"class":66},[52,82470,82471,82473,82475,82477],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,82472,8154],{"class":101},[52,82474,105],{"class":66},[52,82476,23406],{"class":108},[52,82478,112],{"class":66},[20,82480,12760],{},[153,82482,82483,82488,82493,82499],{},[156,82484,82485,82487],{},[15,82486,33123],{}," shows that you have a map object",[156,82489,82490,82492],{},[15,82491,33131],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[156,82494,82495,82498],{},[15,82496,82497],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[156,82500,82501,82502,82504],{},"looping over ",[15,82503,2382],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82506,82507,82508,82511,82512,82514],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82509,82510],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82513,1678],{}," loop consume the map object.",[38,82516,1919],{"id":1918},[461,82518,12792,82520,82522],{"id":82519},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82521,39809],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82524,82525,82526,82528,82529,24034],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82527,39809],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82530,82531],{},"list(map(...))",[461,82533,14994,82535,82537,82538,82540],{"id":82534},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82536,39809],{}," better than a ",[15,82539,1678],{}," loop?",[20,82542,82543,82544,82546,82547,82549],{},"Not always. ",[15,82545,39809],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82548,1678],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[461,82551,1933,82553,82555],{"id":82552},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82554,39809],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82557,82558],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[461,82560,82562],{"id":82561},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82564,82565],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[38,82567,1986],{"id":1985},[153,82569,82570,82576,82582,82586,82590],{},[156,82571,82572],{},[236,82573,13,82574,1999],{"href":40177},[15,82575,37670],{},[156,82577,82578],{},[236,82579,13,82580,1999],{"href":64923},[15,82581,24875],{},[156,82583,82584],{},[236,82585,2018],{"href":5225},[156,82587,82588],{},[236,82589,5316],{"href":4483},[156,82591,82592],{},[236,82593,5307],{"href":5229},[2029,82595,82596],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":82598},[82599,82600,82602,82603,82604,82606,82611,82618,82620,82627,82628,82637],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":80174,"depth":93,"text":82601},"What map() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":80493,"depth":93,"text":82605},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80677,"depth":93,"text":82607,"children":82608},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82609],{"id":80865,"depth":115,"text":82610},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":81022,"depth":93,"text":82612,"children":82613},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82614,82616,82617],{"id":81040,"depth":115,"text":82615},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":81231,"depth":115,"text":81232},{"id":81324,"depth":115,"text":81325},{"id":81585,"depth":93,"text":82619},"When to use map()",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":82621},[82622,82624,82625,82626],{"id":81894,"depth":115,"text":82623},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81983,"depth":115,"text":81984},{"id":82104,"depth":115,"text":82105},{"id":82323,"depth":115,"text":82324},{"id":67969,"depth":93,"text":67970},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":82629},[82630,82632,82634,82636],{"id":82519,"depth":115,"text":82631},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82534,"depth":115,"text":82633},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82552,"depth":115,"text":82635},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82561,"depth":115,"text":82562},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":80006,"description":82638},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82645,"title":82646,"body":82647,"description":84665,"extension":2083,"meta":84666,"navigation":296,"path":84667,"seo":84668,"stem":84669,"__hash__":84670},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82648,"toc":84623},[82649,82655,82660,82663,82671,82674,82676,82800,82802,82820,82822,82842,82847,82851,82865,82868,82871,82873,82878,82990,82993,83011,83017,83020,83082,83084,83093,83096,83110,83112,83158,83160,83169,83179,83185,83188,83215,83217,83225,83228,83231,83301,83303,83311,83314,83319,83324,83375,83377,83385,83388,83390,83407,83409,83461,83464,83470,83474,83479,83482,83486,83545,83547,83556,83562,83571,83575,83638,83640,83648,83653,83657,83662,83742,83744,83753,83760,83765,83770,83773,83808,83810,83818,83821,83827,83829,83879,83881,83890,83893,83911,83913,83918,83924,83931,83958,83960,83983,83988,84023,84028,84034,84039,84082,84085,84088,84127,84134,84140,84145,84160,84164,84171,84174,84178,84183,84187,84192,84194,84255,84257,84286,84291,84298,84307,84309,84312,84337,84339,84442,84445,84463,84472,84474,84479,84482,84488,84491,84493,84503,84509,84513,84571,84578,84586,84588,84620],[10,82650,13,82652,18],{"id":82651},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82653,82654],{},"max()",[20,82656,22,82657,82659],{},[15,82658,82654],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82661,82662],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[153,82664,82665,82668],{},[156,82666,82667],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[156,82669,82670],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82672,82673],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[38,82675,41],{"id":40},[43,82677,82679],{"className":45,"code":82678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82680,82681,82705,82720,82724,82750,82754,82786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82682,82683,82685,82687,82689,82691,82693,82695,82697,82699,82701,82703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82684,59],{"class":58},[52,82686,63],{"class":62},[52,82688,67],{"class":66},[52,82690,445],{"class":70},[52,82692,74],{"class":66},[52,82694,6445],{"class":70},[52,82696,74],{"class":66},[52,82698,77],{"class":70},[52,82700,74],{"class":66},[52,82702,4696],{"class":70},[52,82704,90],{"class":66},[52,82706,82707,82709,82711,82714,82716,82718],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82708,118],{"class":101},[52,82710,105],{"class":66},[52,82712,82713],{"class":101},"max",[52,82715,105],{"class":66},[52,82717,109],{"class":108},[52,82719,510],{"class":66},[52,82721,82722],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82723,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,82725,82726,82728,82730,82732,82734,82736,82738,82740,82742,82744,82746,82748],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,82727,118],{"class":101},[52,82729,105],{"class":66},[52,82731,82713],{"class":101},[52,82733,105],{"class":66},[52,82735,445],{"class":70},[52,82737,74],{"class":66},[52,82739,6445],{"class":70},[52,82741,74],{"class":66},[52,82743,77],{"class":70},[52,82745,74],{"class":66},[52,82747,4696],{"class":70},[52,82749,510],{"class":66},[52,82751,82752],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,82753,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,82755,82756,82758,82760,82762,82764,82766,82768,82770,82772,82774,82776,82778,82780,82782,82784],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,82757,749],{"class":58},[52,82759,63],{"class":62},[52,82761,67],{"class":66},[52,82763,757],{"class":756},[52,82765,4171],{"class":760},[52,82767,757],{"class":756},[52,82769,74],{"class":66},[52,82771,768],{"class":756},[52,82773,4180],{"class":760},[52,82775,757],{"class":756},[52,82777,74],{"class":66},[52,82779,768],{"class":756},[52,82781,78817],{"class":760},[52,82783,757],{"class":756},[52,82785,90],{"class":66},[52,82787,82788,82790,82792,82794,82796,82798],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,82789,118],{"class":101},[52,82791,105],{"class":66},[52,82793,82713],{"class":101},[52,82795,105],{"class":66},[52,82797,788],{"class":108},[52,82799,510],{"class":66},[20,82801,311],{},[43,82803,82805],{"className":45,"code":82804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82806,82807,82811,82815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82808,82809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82810,2498],{"class":70},[52,82812,82813],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82814,2498],{"class":70},[52,82816,82817],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82818,82819],{"class":58},"pear\n",[20,82821,20051],{},[153,82823,82824,82830,82836],{},[156,82825,82826,82829],{},[15,82827,82828],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[156,82831,82832,82835],{},[15,82833,82834],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[156,82837,82838,82841],{},[15,82839,82840],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[38,82843,140,82845,143],{"id":82844},"what-max-does",[15,82846,82654],{},[20,82848,82849,1772],{},[15,82850,82654],{},[153,82852,82853,82856,82859,82862],{},[156,82854,82855],{},"Returns the largest item",[156,82857,82858],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[156,82860,82861],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[156,82863,82864],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82866,82867],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82869,82870],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[38,82872,181],{"id":180},[20,82874,82875,82876,1772],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82877,82654],{},[43,82879,82881],{"className":45,"code":82880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82882,82883,82893,82917,82939,82962],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,82884,82885,82887,82889,82891],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,82886,82713],{"class":101},[52,82888,105],{"class":66},[52,82890,196],{"class":108},[52,82892,112],{"class":66},[52,82894,82895,82897,82899,82901,82903,82906,82908,82910,82912,82915],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,82896,82713],{"class":101},[52,82898,105],{"class":66},[52,82900,196],{"class":108},[52,82902,74],{"class":66},[52,82904,82905],{"class":62}," *",[52,82907,74],{"class":66},[52,82909,21674],{"class":201},[52,82911,63],{"class":62},[52,82913,82914],{"class":108},"func",[52,82916,112],{"class":66},[52,82918,82919,82921,82923,82925,82927,82929,82931,82933,82935,82937],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,82920,82713],{"class":101},[52,82922,105],{"class":66},[52,82924,196],{"class":108},[52,82926,74],{"class":66},[52,82928,82905],{"class":62},[52,82930,74],{"class":66},[52,82932,26618],{"class":201},[52,82934,63],{"class":62},[52,82936,2588],{"class":108},[52,82938,112],{"class":66},[52,82940,82941,82943,82945,82948,82950,82953,82955,82957,82960],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,82942,82713],{"class":101},[52,82944,105],{"class":66},[52,82946,82947],{"class":108},"arg1",[52,82949,74],{"class":66},[52,82951,82952],{"class":108}," arg2",[52,82954,74],{"class":66},[52,82956,82905],{"class":62},[52,82958,82959],{"class":108},"args",[52,82961,112],{"class":66},[52,82963,82964,82966,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978,82980,82982,82984,82986,82988],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,82965,82713],{"class":101},[52,82967,105],{"class":66},[52,82969,82947],{"class":108},[52,82971,74],{"class":66},[52,82973,82952],{"class":108},[52,82975,74],{"class":66},[52,82977,82905],{"class":62},[52,82979,82959],{"class":108},[52,82981,74],{"class":66},[52,82983,21674],{"class":201},[52,82985,63],{"class":62},[52,82987,82914],{"class":108},[52,82989,112],{"class":66},[20,82991,82992],{},"The most important parts are:",[153,82994,82995,83000,83005],{},[156,82996,82997,82999],{},[15,82998,196],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[156,83001,83002,83004],{},[15,83003,14932],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[156,83006,83007,83010],{},[15,83008,83009],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[38,83012,1372,83014,83016],{"id":83013},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,83015,82654],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,83018,83019],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[43,83021,83023],{"className":45,"code":83022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,83024,83025,83051,83067,83071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83026,83027,83029,83031,83033,83036,83038,83040,83042,83044,83046,83049],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83028,5157],{"class":58},[52,83030,63],{"class":62},[52,83032,67],{"class":66},[52,83034,83035],{"class":70},"72",[52,83037,74],{"class":66},[52,83039,51594],{"class":70},[52,83041,74],{"class":66},[52,83043,13597],{"class":70},[52,83045,74],{"class":66},[52,83047,83048],{"class":70}," 66",[52,83050,90],{"class":66},[52,83052,83053,83056,83058,83061,83063,83065],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83054,83055],{"class":58},"highest_score ",[52,83057,63],{"class":62},[52,83059,83060],{"class":101}," max",[52,83062,105],{"class":66},[52,83064,16481],{"class":108},[52,83066,112],{"class":66},[52,83068,83069],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,83070,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,83072,83073,83075,83077,83080],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,83074,118],{"class":101},[52,83076,105],{"class":66},[52,83078,83079],{"class":108},"highest_score",[52,83081,112],{"class":66},[20,83083,311],{},[43,83085,83087],{"className":45,"code":83086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"91\n",[15,83088,83089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83090,83091],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83092,83086],{"class":70},[20,83094,83095],{},"This works well for:",[153,83097,83098,83101,83104,83107],{},[156,83099,83100],{},"Scores",[156,83102,83103],{},"Prices",[156,83105,83106],{},"Ages",[156,83108,83109],{},"Counts",[20,83111,52161],{},[43,83113,83115],{"className":45,"code":83114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,83116,83117,83144],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83118,83119,83121,83123,83125,83127,83129,83132,83134,83137,83139,83142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83120,535],{"class":58},[52,83122,63],{"class":62},[52,83124,67],{"class":66},[52,83126,40490],{"class":70},[52,83128,74],{"class":66},[52,83130,83131],{"class":70}," 5.50",[52,83133,74],{"class":66},[52,83135,83136],{"class":70}," 12.75",[52,83138,74],{"class":66},[52,83140,83141],{"class":70}," 29.00",[52,83143,90],{"class":66},[52,83145,83146,83148,83150,83152,83154,83156],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83147,118],{"class":101},[52,83149,105],{"class":66},[52,83151,82713],{"class":101},[52,83153,105],{"class":66},[52,83155,567],{"class":108},[52,83157,510],{"class":66},[20,83159,311],{},[43,83161,83163],{"className":45,"code":83162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"29.0\n",[15,83164,83165],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83166,83167],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83168,83162],{"class":70},[20,83170,83171,83172,83174,83175,242],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,83173,82654],{}," is simpler than ",[236,83176,83177],{"href":74595},[15,83178,74498],{},[38,83180,1372,83182,83184],{"id":83181},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,83183,82654],{}," with separate values",[20,83186,83187],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[43,83189,83191],{"className":45,"code":83190,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,83192,83193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83194,83195,83197,83199,83201,83203,83205,83207,83209,83211,83213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83196,118],{"class":101},[52,83198,105],{"class":66},[52,83200,82713],{"class":101},[52,83202,105],{"class":66},[52,83204,1595],{"class":70},[52,83206,74],{"class":66},[52,83208,31038],{"class":70},[52,83210,74],{"class":66},[52,83212,1600],{"class":70},[52,83214,510],{"class":66},[20,83216,311],{},[43,83218,83219],{"className":45,"code":2342,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83220,83221],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83222,83223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83224,2342],{"class":70},[20,83226,83227],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,83229,83230],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[43,83232,83234],{"className":45,"code":83233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,83235,83236,83245,83253,83263,83267,83290],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83237,83238,83240,83242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83239,2668],{"class":58},[52,83241,63],{"class":62},[52,83243,83244],{"class":70}," 15\n",[52,83246,83247,83249,83251],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83248,2696],{"class":58},[52,83250,63],{"class":62},[52,83252,2882],{"class":70},[52,83254,83255,83258,83260],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,83256,83257],{"class":58},"c ",[52,83259,63],{"class":62},[52,83261,83262],{"class":70}," 27\n",[52,83264,83265],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,83266,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,83268,83269,83272,83274,83276,83278,83280,83282,83284,83286,83288],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,83270,83271],{"class":58},"largest ",[52,83273,63],{"class":62},[52,83275,83060],{"class":101},[52,83277,105],{"class":66},[52,83279,236],{"class":108},[52,83281,74],{"class":66},[52,83283,2673],{"class":108},[52,83285,74],{"class":66},[52,83287,9767],{"class":108},[52,83289,112],{"class":66},[52,83291,83292,83294,83296,83299],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,83293,118],{"class":101},[52,83295,105],{"class":66},[52,83297,83298],{"class":108},"largest",[52,83300,112],{"class":66},[20,83302,311],{},[43,83304,83305],{"className":45,"code":46697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83306,83307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83308,83309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83310,46697],{"class":70},[20,83312,83313],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[38,83315,1372,83317,47142],{"id":83316},"using-max-with-strings",[15,83318,82654],{},[20,83320,83321,83323],{},[15,83322,82654],{}," can compare strings too.",[43,83325,83327],{"className":45,"code":83326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83328,83329,83361],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83330,83331,83333,83335,83337,83339,83341,83343,83345,83347,83349,83351,83353,83355,83357,83359],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83332,749],{"class":58},[52,83334,63],{"class":62},[52,83336,67],{"class":66},[52,83338,757],{"class":756},[52,83340,4171],{"class":760},[52,83342,757],{"class":756},[52,83344,74],{"class":66},[52,83346,768],{"class":756},[52,83348,4180],{"class":760},[52,83350,757],{"class":756},[52,83352,74],{"class":66},[52,83354,768],{"class":756},[52,83356,78817],{"class":760},[52,83358,757],{"class":756},[52,83360,90],{"class":66},[52,83362,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83364,118],{"class":101},[52,83366,105],{"class":66},[52,83368,82713],{"class":101},[52,83370,105],{"class":66},[52,83372,788],{"class":108},[52,83374,510],{"class":66},[20,83376,311],{},[43,83378,83379],{"className":45,"code":82819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83380,83381],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83382,83383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83384,82819],{"class":58},[20,83386,83387],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,83389,68358],{},[153,83391,83392,83401,83404],{},[156,83393,83394,83397,83398,83400],{},[15,83395,83396],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,83399,65350],{}," alphabetically",[156,83402,83403],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[156,83405,83406],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,83408,2324],{},[43,83410,83412],{"className":45,"code":83411,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,83413,83414,83447],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83415,83416,83418,83420,83422,83424,83426,83428,83430,83432,83435,83437,83439,83441,83443,83445],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83417,749],{"class":58},[52,83419,63],{"class":62},[52,83421,67],{"class":66},[52,83423,757],{"class":756},[52,83425,4171],{"class":760},[52,83427,757],{"class":756},[52,83429,74],{"class":66},[52,83431,768],{"class":756},[52,83433,83434],{"class":760},"Banana",[52,83436,757],{"class":756},[52,83438,74],{"class":66},[52,83440,768],{"class":756},[52,83442,78817],{"class":760},[52,83444,757],{"class":756},[52,83446,90],{"class":66},[52,83448,83449,83451,83453,83455,83457,83459],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83450,118],{"class":101},[52,83452,105],{"class":66},[52,83454,82713],{"class":101},[52,83456,105],{"class":66},[52,83458,788],{"class":108},[52,83460,510],{"class":66},[20,83462,83463],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,83465,83466,83467,83469],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,83468,14932],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[38,83471,345,83472,36709],{"id":78775},[15,83473,14932],{},[20,83475,2100,83476,83478],{},[15,83477,14932],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,83480,83481],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[461,83483,83485],{"id":83484},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[43,83487,83489],{"className":45,"code":83488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83490,83491,83523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83492,83493,83495,83497,83499,83501,83503,83505,83507,83509,83511,83513,83515,83517,83519,83521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83494,749],{"class":58},[52,83496,63],{"class":62},[52,83498,67],{"class":66},[52,83500,757],{"class":756},[52,83502,37141],{"class":760},[52,83504,757],{"class":756},[52,83506,74],{"class":66},[52,83508,768],{"class":756},[52,83510,68401],{"class":760},[52,83512,757],{"class":756},[52,83514,74],{"class":66},[52,83516,768],{"class":756},[52,83518,58207],{"class":760},[52,83520,757],{"class":756},[52,83522,90],{"class":66},[52,83524,83525,83527,83529,83531,83533,83535,83537,83539,83541,83543],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83526,118],{"class":101},[52,83528,105],{"class":66},[52,83530,82713],{"class":101},[52,83532,105],{"class":66},[52,83534,788],{"class":108},[52,83536,74],{"class":66},[52,83538,21674],{"class":201},[52,83540,63],{"class":62},[52,83542,11250],{"class":101},[52,83544,510],{"class":66},[20,83546,311],{},[43,83548,83550],{"className":45,"code":83549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"elephant\n",[15,83551,83552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83553,83554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83555,83549],{"class":58},[20,83557,20865,83558,83561],{},[15,83559,83560],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83563,83564,83565,33725,83567,242],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83566,2007],{},[236,83568,83569,863],{"href":2004},[15,83570,2007],{},[461,83572,83574],{"id":83573},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[43,83576,83578],{"className":45,"code":83577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83579,83580,83612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83581,83582,83584,83586,83588,83590,83592,83594,83596,83598,83600,83602,83604,83606,83608,83610],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83583,749],{"class":58},[52,83585,63],{"class":62},[52,83587,67],{"class":66},[52,83589,757],{"class":756},[52,83591,4171],{"class":760},[52,83593,757],{"class":756},[52,83595,74],{"class":66},[52,83597,768],{"class":756},[52,83599,83434],{"class":760},[52,83601,757],{"class":756},[52,83603,74],{"class":66},[52,83605,768],{"class":756},[52,83607,78817],{"class":760},[52,83609,757],{"class":756},[52,83611,90],{"class":66},[52,83613,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630,83632,83634,83636],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83615,118],{"class":101},[52,83617,105],{"class":66},[52,83619,82713],{"class":101},[52,83621,105],{"class":66},[52,83623,788],{"class":108},[52,83625,74],{"class":66},[52,83627,21674],{"class":201},[52,83629,63],{"class":62},[52,83631,3550],{"class":1184},[52,83633,242],{"class":66},[52,83635,8726],{"class":24845},[52,83637,510],{"class":66},[20,83639,311],{},[43,83641,83642],{"className":45,"code":82819,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83643,83644],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83645,83646],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83647,82819],{"class":58},[20,83649,20865,83650,83652],{},[15,83651,78771],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[461,83654,83656],{"id":83655},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83658,83659,83660,1772],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83661,37753],{},[43,83663,83665],{"className":45,"code":83664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83666,83667,83710],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83668,83669,83671,83673,83675,83677,83679,83681,83683,83685,83688,83690,83692,83694,83697,83699,83701,83703,83706,83708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83670,7863],{"class":58},[52,83672,63],{"class":62},[52,83674,67],{"class":66},[52,83676,757],{"class":756},[52,83678,236],{"class":760},[52,83680,757],{"class":756},[52,83682,74],{"class":66},[52,83684,768],{"class":756},[52,83686,83687],{"class":760},"bb",[52,83689,757],{"class":756},[52,83691,74],{"class":66},[52,83693,768],{"class":756},[52,83695,83696],{"class":760},"cccc",[52,83698,757],{"class":756},[52,83700,74],{"class":66},[52,83702,768],{"class":756},[52,83704,83705],{"class":760},"ddd",[52,83707,757],{"class":756},[52,83709,90],{"class":66},[52,83711,83712,83714,83716,83718,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83713,118],{"class":101},[52,83715,105],{"class":66},[52,83717,82713],{"class":101},[52,83719,105],{"class":66},[52,83721,7894],{"class":108},[52,83723,74],{"class":66},[52,83725,21674],{"class":201},[52,83727,63],{"class":62},[52,83729,37753],{"class":2184},[52,83731,42925],{"class":37756},[52,83733,1772],{"class":66},[52,83735,38479],{"class":101},[52,83737,105],{"class":66},[52,83739,34806],{"class":108},[52,83741,622],{"class":66},[20,83743,311],{},[43,83745,83747],{"className":45,"code":83746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cccc\n",[15,83748,83749],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83750,83751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83752,83746],{"class":58},[20,83754,49633,83755,652,83757,83759],{},[15,83756,83560],{},[15,83758,78658],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[38,83761,345,83763,36709],{"id":83762},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83764,83009],{},[20,83766,2100,83767,83769],{},[15,83768,83009],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83771,83772],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[43,83774,83776],{"className":45,"code":83775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83777,83778,83786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83779,83780,83782,83784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83781,59],{"class":58},[52,83783,63],{"class":62},[52,83785,7923],{"class":66},[52,83787,83788,83790,83792,83794,83796,83798,83800,83802,83804,83806],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83789,118],{"class":101},[52,83791,105],{"class":66},[52,83793,82713],{"class":101},[52,83795,105],{"class":66},[52,83797,109],{"class":108},[52,83799,74],{"class":66},[52,83801,26618],{"class":201},[52,83803,63],{"class":62},[52,83805,207],{"class":70},[52,83807,510],{"class":66},[20,83809,311],{},[43,83811,83812],{"className":45,"code":47335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,83813,83814],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83815,83816],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83817,47335],{"class":70},[20,83819,83820],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83822,83823,83824,83826],{},"Without ",[15,83825,83009],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83828,52161],{},[43,83830,83832],{"className":45,"code":83831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83833,83834,83842,83869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83835,83836,83838,83840],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83837,749],{"class":58},[52,83839,63],{"class":62},[52,83841,7923],{"class":66},[52,83843,83844,83846,83848,83850,83852,83854,83856,83858,83860,83862,83865,83867],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83845,2347],{"class":58},[52,83847,63],{"class":62},[52,83849,83060],{"class":101},[52,83851,105],{"class":66},[52,83853,788],{"class":108},[52,83855,74],{"class":66},[52,83857,26618],{"class":201},[52,83859,63],{"class":62},[52,83861,757],{"class":756},[52,83863,83864],{"class":760},"no words found",[52,83866,757],{"class":756},[52,83868,112],{"class":66},[52,83870,83871,83873,83875,83877],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,83872,118],{"class":101},[52,83874,105],{"class":66},[52,83876,2382],{"class":108},[52,83878,112],{"class":66},[20,83880,311],{},[43,83882,83884],{"className":45,"code":83883,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"no words found\n",[15,83885,83886],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83887,83888],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83889,83883],{"class":58},[20,83891,83892],{},"Important:",[153,83894,83895,83903],{},[156,83896,83897,83899,83900],{},[15,83898,83009],{}," works with ",[15,83901,83902],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[156,83904,40996,83905,83907,83908],{},[3842,83906,4722],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83909,83910],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[38,83912,48069],{"id":48068},[20,83914,83915,83916,242],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83917,82654],{},[461,83919,83921,83923],{"id":83920},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83922,40794],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83925,83926,83927,45993,83929,242],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83928,83009],{},[15,83930,40794],{},[43,83932,83934],{"className":45,"code":83933,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83935,83936,83944],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83937,83938,83940,83942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83939,59],{"class":58},[52,83941,63],{"class":62},[52,83943,7923],{"class":66},[52,83945,83946,83948,83950,83952,83954,83956],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,83947,118],{"class":101},[52,83949,105],{"class":66},[52,83951,82713],{"class":101},[52,83953,105],{"class":66},[52,83955,109],{"class":108},[52,83957,510],{"class":66},[20,83959,29776],{},[43,83961,83963],{"className":45,"code":83962,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83964,83965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83966,83967,83969,83971,83973,83975,83978,83980],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83968,40794],{"class":1184},[52,83970,1772],{"class":66},[52,83972,83060],{"class":101},[52,83974,7448],{"class":66},[52,83976,83977],{"class":58}," arg ",[52,83979,12281],{"class":62},[52,83981,83982],{"class":58}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83984,83985,83986,1772],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83987,83009],{},[43,83989,83991],{"className":45,"code":83990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83992,83993,84001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,83994,83995,83997,83999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,83996,59],{"class":58},[52,83998,63],{"class":62},[52,84000,7923],{"class":66},[52,84002,84003,84005,84007,84009,84011,84013,84015,84017,84019,84021],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84004,118],{"class":101},[52,84006,105],{"class":66},[52,84008,82713],{"class":101},[52,84010,105],{"class":66},[52,84012,109],{"class":108},[52,84014,74],{"class":66},[52,84016,26618],{"class":201},[52,84018,63],{"class":62},[52,84020,3878],{"class":674},[52,84022,510],{"class":66},[20,84024,84025,84026,242],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[236,84027,65915],{"href":72952},[461,84029,84031,84033],{"id":84030},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,84032,1979],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,84035,84036,84037,242],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,84038,1979],{},[43,84040,84042],{"className":45,"code":84041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84043,84044,84068],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84045,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84047,7863],{"class":58},[52,84049,63],{"class":62},[52,84051,67],{"class":66},[52,84053,430],{"class":70},[52,84055,74],{"class":66},[52,84057,768],{"class":756},[52,84059,15846],{"class":760},[52,84061,757],{"class":756},[52,84063,74],{"class":66},[52,84065,7879],{"class":70},[52,84067,90],{"class":66},[52,84069,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84071,118],{"class":101},[52,84073,105],{"class":66},[52,84075,82713],{"class":101},[52,84077,105],{"class":66},[52,84079,7894],{"class":108},[52,84081,510],{"class":66},[20,84083,84084],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,84086,84087],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[43,84089,84091],{"className":45,"code":84090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,84092,84093,84113],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84094,84095,84097,84099,84101,84103,84105,84107,84109,84111],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84096,7863],{"class":58},[52,84098,63],{"class":62},[52,84100,67],{"class":66},[52,84102,430],{"class":70},[52,84104,74],{"class":66},[52,84106,7874],{"class":70},[52,84108,74],{"class":66},[52,84110,7879],{"class":70},[52,84112,90],{"class":66},[52,84114,84115,84117,84119,84121,84123,84125],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84116,118],{"class":101},[52,84118,105],{"class":66},[52,84120,82713],{"class":101},[52,84122,105],{"class":66},[52,84124,7894],{"class":108},[52,84126,510],{"class":66},[20,84128,84129,84130,242],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[236,84131,84133],{"href":84132},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[461,84135,84137,84139],{"id":84136},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,84138,1979],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,84141,84142,84144],{},[15,84143,82654],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[43,84146,84148],{"className":45,"code":84147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(max())\n",[15,84149,84150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84151,84152,84154,84156,84158],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84153,118],{"class":101},[52,84155,105],{"class":66},[52,84157,82713],{"class":101},[52,84159,7276],{"class":66},[20,84161,3107,84162,242],{},[15,84163,1979],{},[38,84165,84167,10672,84169],{"id":84166},"max-vs-sorted",[15,84168,82654],{},[15,84170,74498],{},[20,84172,84173],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,84175,84176,1772],{},[15,84177,82654],{},[153,84179,84180],{},[156,84181,84182],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,84184,84185,1772],{},[15,84186,74498],{},[153,84188,84189],{},[156,84190,84191],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,84193,2324],{},[43,84195,84197],{"className":45,"code":84196,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,84198,84199,84223,84227,84241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84200,84201,84203,84205,84207,84209,84211,84213,84215,84217,84219,84221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84202,59],{"class":58},[52,84204,63],{"class":62},[52,84206,67],{"class":66},[52,84208,445],{"class":70},[52,84210,74],{"class":66},[52,84212,6445],{"class":70},[52,84214,74],{"class":66},[52,84216,77],{"class":70},[52,84218,74],{"class":66},[52,84220,4696],{"class":70},[52,84222,90],{"class":66},[52,84224,84225],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84226,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,84228,84229,84231,84233,84235,84237,84239],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,84230,118],{"class":101},[52,84232,105],{"class":66},[52,84234,82713],{"class":101},[52,84236,105],{"class":66},[52,84238,109],{"class":108},[52,84240,510],{"class":66},[52,84242,84243,84245,84247,84249,84251,84253],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,84244,118],{"class":101},[52,84246,105],{"class":66},[52,84248,74588],{"class":101},[52,84250,105],{"class":66},[52,84252,109],{"class":108},[52,84254,510],{"class":66},[20,84256,311],{},[43,84258,84260],{"className":45,"code":84259,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,84261,84262,84266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84263,84264],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84265,2498],{"class":70},[52,84267,84268,84270,84272,84274,84276,84278,84280,84282,84284],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84269,3994],{"class":66},[52,84271,440],{"class":70},[52,84273,74],{"class":66},[52,84275,82],{"class":70},[52,84277,74],{"class":66},[52,84279,4696],{"class":70},[52,84281,74],{"class":66},[52,84283,6445],{"class":70},[52,84285,90],{"class":66},[20,84287,133,84288,84290],{},[15,84289,82654],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,84292,133,84293,84297],{},[236,84294,84295],{"href":74595},[15,84296,74498],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,84299,84300,84301,242],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[236,84302,84304],{"href":84303},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,84305,84306],{},"min()",[38,84308,1766],{"id":1765},[20,84310,84311],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[153,84313,84314,84321,84324,84329,84332],{},[156,84315,29745,84316,84318,84319],{},[15,84317,82654],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,84320,83009],{},[156,84322,84323],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[156,84325,8538,84326,84328],{},[15,84327,82654],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[156,84330,84331],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[156,84333,1372,84334,84336],{},[15,84335,83009],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,84338,11201],{},[43,84340,84342],{"className":45,"code":84341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,84343,84344,84354,84368,84382,84396,84418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84345,84346,84348,84350,84352],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84347,118],{"class":101},[52,84349,105],{"class":66},[52,84351,7894],{"class":108},[52,84353,112],{"class":66},[52,84355,84356,84358,84360,84362,84364,84366],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84357,118],{"class":101},[52,84359,105],{"class":66},[52,84361,1827],{"class":1184},[52,84363,105],{"class":66},[52,84365,7894],{"class":108},[52,84367,510],{"class":66},[52,84369,84370,84372,84374,84376,84378,84380],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,84371,118],{"class":101},[52,84373,105],{"class":66},[52,84375,11250],{"class":101},[52,84377,105],{"class":66},[52,84379,7894],{"class":108},[52,84381,510],{"class":66},[52,84383,84384,84386,84388,84390,84392,84394],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,84385,118],{"class":101},[52,84387,105],{"class":66},[52,84389,82713],{"class":101},[52,84391,105],{"class":66},[52,84393,7894],{"class":108},[52,84395,510],{"class":66},[52,84397,84398,84400,84402,84404,84406,84408,84410,84412,84414,84416],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,84399,118],{"class":101},[52,84401,105],{"class":66},[52,84403,82713],{"class":101},[52,84405,105],{"class":66},[52,84407,7894],{"class":108},[52,84409,74],{"class":66},[52,84411,26618],{"class":201},[52,84413,63],{"class":62},[52,84415,3878],{"class":674},[52,84417,510],{"class":66},[52,84419,84420,84422,84424,84426,84428,84430,84432,84434,84436,84438,84440],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,84421,118],{"class":101},[52,84423,1058],{"class":66},[52,84425,1827],{"class":1184},[52,84427,105],{"class":66},[52,84429,1190],{"class":108},[52,84431,126],{"class":66},[52,84433,1196],{"class":1195},[52,84435,1199],{"class":108},[52,84437,1202],{"class":1195},[52,84439,6053],{"class":108},[52,84441,1858],{"class":66},[20,84443,84444],{},"These are useful for checking:",[153,84446,84447,84452,84457,84460],{},[156,84448,84449,84450],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,84451,7894],{},[156,84453,79824,84454,84456],{},[15,84455,7894],{}," is a list or some other type",[156,84458,84459],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[156,84461,84462],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,84464,69422,84465,84468,84469,84471],{},[15,84466,84467],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,84470,7894],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[38,84473,1919],{"id":1918},[461,84475,1923,84477,1926],{"id":84476},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,84478,82654],{},[20,84480,84481],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[461,84483,1933,84485,84487],{"id":84484},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84486,82654],{}," work with strings?",[20,84489,84490],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[461,84492,71720],{"id":71719},[20,84494,84495,52576,84497,84499,84500,84502],{},[15,84496,82654],{},[15,84498,40794],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84501,83009],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[461,84504,84506,84507,1963],{"id":84505},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84508,82654],{},[20,84510,133,84511,1772],{},[15,84512,83560],{},[43,84514,84515],{"className":45,"code":83488,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84516,84517,84549],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84518,84519,84521,84523,84525,84527,84529,84531,84533,84535,84537,84539,84541,84543,84545,84547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84520,749],{"class":58},[52,84522,63],{"class":62},[52,84524,67],{"class":66},[52,84526,757],{"class":756},[52,84528,37141],{"class":760},[52,84530,757],{"class":756},[52,84532,74],{"class":66},[52,84534,768],{"class":756},[52,84536,68401],{"class":760},[52,84538,757],{"class":756},[52,84540,74],{"class":66},[52,84542,768],{"class":756},[52,84544,58207],{"class":760},[52,84546,757],{"class":756},[52,84548,90],{"class":66},[52,84550,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84552,118],{"class":101},[52,84554,105],{"class":66},[52,84556,82713],{"class":101},[52,84558,105],{"class":66},[52,84560,788],{"class":108},[52,84562,74],{"class":66},[52,84564,21674],{"class":201},[52,84566,63],{"class":62},[52,84568,11250],{"class":101},[52,84570,510],{"class":66},[461,84572,5270,84574,652,84576,1963],{"id":84573},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84575,82654],{},[15,84577,74498],{},[20,84579,84580,84582,84583,84585],{},[15,84581,82654],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84584,74498],{}," returns all items in order.",[38,84587,1986],{"id":1985},[153,84589,84590,84596,84602,84608,84612,84616],{},[156,84591,84592],{},[236,84593,84594,1999],{"href":84303},[15,84595,84306],{},[156,84597,84598],{},[236,84599,84600,1999],{"href":74595},[15,84601,74498],{},[156,84603,84604],{},[236,84605,84606,1999],{"href":2004},[15,84607,2007],{},[156,84609,84610],{},[236,84611,59036],{"href":59035},[156,84613,84614],{},[236,84615,65915],{"href":72952},[156,84617,84618],{},[236,84619,84133],{"href":84132},[2029,84621,84622],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":84624},[84625,84626,84628,84629,84631,84633,84635,84640,84642,84650,84652,84653,84664],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":82844,"depth":93,"text":84627},"What max() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":83013,"depth":93,"text":84630},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":83181,"depth":93,"text":84632},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":83316,"depth":93,"text":84634},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78775,"depth":93,"text":79973,"children":84636},[84637,84638,84639],{"id":83484,"depth":115,"text":83485},{"id":83573,"depth":115,"text":83574},{"id":83655,"depth":115,"text":83656},{"id":83762,"depth":93,"text":84641},"Using the default argument",{"id":48068,"depth":93,"text":48069,"children":84643},[84644,84646,84648],{"id":83920,"depth":115,"text":84645},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":84030,"depth":115,"text":84647},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":84136,"depth":115,"text":84649},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":84166,"depth":93,"text":84651},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":84654},[84655,84657,84659,84660,84662],{"id":84476,"depth":115,"text":84656},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84484,"depth":115,"text":84658},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71719,"depth":115,"text":71720},{"id":84505,"depth":115,"text":84661},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84573,"depth":115,"text":84663},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82646,"description":84665},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84672,"title":84673,"body":84674,"description":86628,"extension":2083,"meta":86629,"navigation":296,"path":86630,"seo":86631,"stem":86632,"__hash__":86633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84675,"toc":86585},[84676,84681,84686,84692,84694,84768,84770,84783,84788,84793,84809,84813,84818,84894,84900,84903,84946,84948,84956,84962,84965,84996,84998,85006,85012,85017,85076,85078,85087,85090,85100,85106,85111,85146,85148,85156,85162,85168,85173,85217,85219,85228,85231,85271,85273,85282,85285,85297,85302,85307,85358,85360,85369,85372,85423,85425,85434,85437,85444,85450,85455,85457,85472,85476,85536,85538,85547,85551,85723,85725,85762,85769,85775,85778,85805,85807,85828,85833,85868,85870,85878,85881,85884,85900,85905,85907,85911,85917,85921,85948,85951,85961,86001,86005,86008,86051,86053,86062,86065,86070,86139,86141,86149,86154,86158,86161,86212,86214,86222,86225,86288,86290,86298,86301,86306,86310,86323,86330,86338,86340,86342,86372,86378,86479,86489,86491,86496,86499,86504,86507,86509,86517,86525,86533,86540,86548,86550,86582],[10,84677,13,84679,18],{"id":84678},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84680,84306],{},[20,84682,84683,84685],{},[15,84684,84306],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84687,84688,84689,84691],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84690,84306],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[38,84693,41],{"id":40},[43,84695,84697],{"className":45,"code":84696,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84698,84699,84723,84738,84742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84700,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84711,84713,84715,84717,84719,84721],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84702,59],{"class":58},[52,84704,63],{"class":62},[52,84706,67],{"class":66},[52,84708,265],{"class":70},[52,84710,74],{"class":66},[52,84712,77],{"class":70},[52,84714,74],{"class":66},[52,84716,1605],{"class":70},[52,84718,74],{"class":66},[52,84720,5586],{"class":70},[52,84722,90],{"class":66},[52,84724,84725,84727,84729,84732,84734,84736],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84726,118],{"class":101},[52,84728,105],{"class":66},[52,84730,84731],{"class":101},"min",[52,84733,105],{"class":66},[52,84735,109],{"class":108},[52,84737,510],{"class":66},[52,84739,84740],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,84741,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,84743,84744,84746,84748,84750,84752,84754,84756,84758,84760,84762,84764,84766],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,84745,118],{"class":101},[52,84747,105],{"class":66},[52,84749,84731],{"class":101},[52,84751,105],{"class":66},[52,84753,265],{"class":70},[52,84755,74],{"class":66},[52,84757,77],{"class":70},[52,84759,74],{"class":66},[52,84761,1605],{"class":70},[52,84763,74],{"class":66},[52,84765,5586],{"class":70},[52,84767,510],{"class":66},[20,84769,311],{},[43,84771,84773],{"className":45,"code":84772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1\n1\n",[15,84774,84775,84779],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84776,84777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84778,47001],{"class":70},[52,84780,84781],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84782,47001],{"class":70},[20,84784,133,84785,84787],{},[15,84786,84306],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[38,84789,140,84791,143],{"id":84790},"what-min-does",[15,84792,84306],{},[153,84794,84795,84800,84803,84806],{},[156,84796,84797,84799],{},[15,84798,84306],{}," returns the smallest item",[156,84801,84802],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[156,84804,84805],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[156,84807,84808],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[38,84810,84812],{"id":84811},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84814,84815,84816,1772],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84817,84306],{},[43,84819,84821],{"className":45,"code":84820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84822,84823,84833,84858,84876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84824,84825,84827,84829,84831],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84826,84731],{"class":101},[52,84828,105],{"class":66},[52,84830,196],{"class":108},[52,84832,112],{"class":66},[52,84834,84835,84837,84839,84842,84844,84847,84849,84852,84854,84856],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84836,84731],{"class":101},[52,84838,105],{"class":66},[52,84840,84841],{"class":108},"value1",[52,84843,74],{"class":66},[52,84845,84846],{"class":108}," value2",[52,84848,74],{"class":66},[52,84850,84851],{"class":108}," value3",[52,84853,74],{"class":66},[52,84855,34551],{"class":101},[52,84857,112],{"class":66},[52,84859,84860,84862,84864,84866,84868,84870,84872,84874],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,84861,84731],{"class":101},[52,84863,105],{"class":66},[52,84865,196],{"class":108},[52,84867,74],{"class":66},[52,84869,21674],{"class":201},[52,84871,63],{"class":62},[52,84873,37465],{"class":101},[52,84875,112],{"class":66},[52,84877,84878,84880,84882,84884,84886,84888,84890,84892],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,84879,84731],{"class":101},[52,84881,105],{"class":66},[52,84883,196],{"class":108},[52,84885,74],{"class":66},[52,84887,26618],{"class":201},[52,84889,63],{"class":62},[52,84891,37465],{"class":101},[52,84893,112],{"class":66},[461,84895,84897],{"id":84896},"miniterable",[15,84898,84899],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84901,84902],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[43,84904,84906],{"className":45,"code":84905,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84907,84908,84932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84909,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926,84928,84930],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84911,59],{"class":58},[52,84913,63],{"class":62},[52,84915,67],{"class":66},[52,84917,2463],{"class":70},[52,84919,74],{"class":66},[52,84921,82],{"class":70},[52,84923,74],{"class":66},[52,84925,31038],{"class":70},[52,84927,74],{"class":66},[52,84929,5586],{"class":70},[52,84931,90],{"class":66},[52,84933,84934,84936,84938,84940,84942,84944],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,84935,118],{"class":101},[52,84937,105],{"class":66},[52,84939,84731],{"class":101},[52,84941,105],{"class":66},[52,84943,109],{"class":108},[52,84945,510],{"class":66},[20,84947,311],{},[43,84949,84950],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,84951,84952],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84953,84954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84955,47001],{"class":70},[461,84957,84959],{"id":84958},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84960,84961],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84963,84964],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[43,84966,84968],{"className":45,"code":84967,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84969,84970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,84971,84972,84974,84976,84978,84980,84982,84984,84986,84988,84990,84992,84994],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,84973,118],{"class":101},[52,84975,105],{"class":66},[52,84977,84731],{"class":101},[52,84979,105],{"class":66},[52,84981,2463],{"class":70},[52,84983,74],{"class":66},[52,84985,82],{"class":70},[52,84987,74],{"class":66},[52,84989,31038],{"class":70},[52,84991,74],{"class":66},[52,84993,5586],{"class":70},[52,84995,510],{"class":66},[20,84997,311],{},[43,84999,85000],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85001,85002],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85003,85004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85005,47001],{"class":70},[461,85007,85009],{"id":85008},"miniterable-key",[15,85010,85011],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,85013,133,85014,85016],{},[15,85015,14932],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[43,85018,85020],{"className":45,"code":85019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85021,85022,85054],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85023,85024,85026,85028,85030,85032,85034,85036,85038,85040,85042,85044,85046,85048,85050,85052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85025,749],{"class":58},[52,85027,63],{"class":62},[52,85029,67],{"class":66},[52,85031,757],{"class":756},[52,85033,78817],{"class":760},[52,85035,757],{"class":756},[52,85037,74],{"class":66},[52,85039,768],{"class":756},[52,85041,38434],{"class":760},[52,85043,757],{"class":756},[52,85045,74],{"class":66},[52,85047,768],{"class":756},[52,85049,4180],{"class":760},[52,85051,757],{"class":756},[52,85053,90],{"class":66},[52,85055,85056,85058,85060,85062,85064,85066,85068,85070,85072,85074],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85057,118],{"class":101},[52,85059,105],{"class":66},[52,85061,84731],{"class":101},[52,85063,105],{"class":66},[52,85065,788],{"class":108},[52,85067,74],{"class":66},[52,85069,21674],{"class":201},[52,85071,63],{"class":62},[52,85073,11250],{"class":101},[52,85075,510],{"class":66},[20,85077,311],{},[43,85079,85081],{"className":45,"code":85080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"kiwi\n",[15,85082,85083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85084,85085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85086,85080],{"class":58},[20,85088,85089],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,85091,85092,85093,85095,85096,242],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,85094,2007],{},", see the ",[236,85097,85098,1999],{"href":2004},[15,85099,2007],{},[461,85101,85103],{"id":85102},"miniterable-default",[15,85104,85105],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,85107,133,85108,85110],{},[15,85109,83009],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[43,85112,85114],{"className":45,"code":85113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,85115,85116,85124],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85117,85118,85120,85122],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85119,59],{"class":58},[52,85121,63],{"class":62},[52,85123,7923],{"class":66},[52,85125,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85127,118],{"class":101},[52,85129,105],{"class":66},[52,85131,84731],{"class":101},[52,85133,105],{"class":66},[52,85135,109],{"class":108},[52,85137,74],{"class":66},[52,85139,26618],{"class":201},[52,85141,63],{"class":62},[52,85143,207],{"class":70},[52,85145,510],{"class":66},[20,85147,311],{},[43,85149,85150],{"className":45,"code":47335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85151,85152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85153,85154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85155,47335],{"class":70},[20,85157,85158,85159,85161],{},"This avoids a ",[15,85160,40794],{}," when there is no item to return.",[38,85163,1372,85165,85167],{"id":85164},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,85166,84306],{}," with numbers",[20,85169,85170,85172],{},[15,85171,84306],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[43,85174,85176],{"className":45,"code":85175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,85177,85178,85203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85179,85180,85182,85184,85186,85188,85190,85193,85195,85197,85199,85201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85181,5157],{"class":58},[52,85183,63],{"class":62},[52,85185,67],{"class":66},[52,85187,51589],{"class":70},[52,85189,74],{"class":66},[52,85191,85192],{"class":70}," 72",[52,85194,74],{"class":66},[52,85196,29001],{"class":70},[52,85198,74],{"class":66},[52,85200,76173],{"class":70},[52,85202,90],{"class":66},[52,85204,85205,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85206,118],{"class":101},[52,85208,105],{"class":66},[52,85210,84731],{"class":101},[52,85212,105],{"class":66},[52,85214,16481],{"class":108},[52,85216,510],{"class":66},[20,85218,311],{},[43,85220,85222],{"className":45,"code":85221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"60\n",[15,85223,85224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85225,85226],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85227,85221],{"class":70},[20,85229,85230],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[43,85232,85234],{"className":45,"code":85233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,85235,85236,85257],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85237,85238,85240,85242,85244,85246,85248,85251,85253,85255],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85239,535],{"class":58},[52,85241,63],{"class":62},[52,85243,67],{"class":66},[52,85245,40490],{"class":70},[52,85247,74],{"class":66},[52,85249,85250],{"class":70}," 5.49",[52,85252,74],{"class":66},[52,85254,83136],{"class":70},[52,85256,90],{"class":66},[52,85258,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85260,118],{"class":101},[52,85262,105],{"class":66},[52,85264,84731],{"class":101},[52,85266,105],{"class":66},[52,85268,567],{"class":108},[52,85270,510],{"class":66},[20,85272,311],{},[43,85274,85276],{"className":45,"code":85275,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5.49\n",[15,85277,85278],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85279,85280],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85281,85275],{"class":70},[20,85283,85284],{},"This is useful for things like:",[153,85286,85287,85289,85291,85294],{},[156,85288,16481],{},[156,85290,567],{},[156,85292,85293],{},"measurements",[156,85295,85296],{},"ages",[38,85298,1372,85300,47142],{"id":85299},"using-min-with-strings",[15,85301,84306],{},[20,85303,85304,85306],{},[15,85305,84306],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[43,85308,85310],{"className":45,"code":85309,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85311,85312,85344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85313,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322,85324,85326,85328,85330,85332,85334,85336,85338,85340,85342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85315,749],{"class":58},[52,85317,63],{"class":62},[52,85319,67],{"class":66},[52,85321,757],{"class":756},[52,85323,4180],{"class":760},[52,85325,757],{"class":756},[52,85327,74],{"class":66},[52,85329,768],{"class":756},[52,85331,4171],{"class":760},[52,85333,757],{"class":756},[52,85335,74],{"class":66},[52,85337,768],{"class":756},[52,85339,4189],{"class":760},[52,85341,757],{"class":756},[52,85343,90],{"class":66},[52,85345,85346,85348,85350,85352,85354,85356],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85347,118],{"class":101},[52,85349,105],{"class":66},[52,85351,84731],{"class":101},[52,85353,105],{"class":66},[52,85355,788],{"class":108},[52,85357,510],{"class":66},[20,85359,311],{},[43,85361,85363],{"className":45,"code":85362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple\n",[15,85364,85365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85366,85367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85368,85362],{"class":58},[20,85370,85371],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[43,85373,85375],{"className":45,"code":85374,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85376,85377,85409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85378,85379,85381,85383,85385,85387,85389,85391,85393,85395,85397,85399,85401,85403,85405,85407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85380,749],{"class":58},[52,85382,63],{"class":62},[52,85384,67],{"class":66},[52,85386,757],{"class":756},[52,85388,4180],{"class":760},[52,85390,757],{"class":756},[52,85392,74],{"class":66},[52,85394,768],{"class":756},[52,85396,57848],{"class":760},[52,85398,757],{"class":756},[52,85400,74],{"class":66},[52,85402,768],{"class":756},[52,85404,4189],{"class":760},[52,85406,757],{"class":756},[52,85408,90],{"class":66},[52,85410,85411,85413,85415,85417,85419,85421],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85412,118],{"class":101},[52,85414,105],{"class":66},[52,85416,84731],{"class":101},[52,85418,105],{"class":66},[52,85420,788],{"class":108},[52,85422,510],{"class":66},[20,85424,311],{},[43,85426,85428],{"className":45,"code":85427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\n",[15,85429,85430],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85431,85432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85433,85427],{"class":58},[20,85435,85436],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,85438,85439,85440,242],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[236,85441,85442,863],{"href":74595},[15,85443,74498],{},[38,85445,1372,85447,85449],{"id":85446},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,85448,84306],{}," with a key function",[20,85451,2100,85452,85454],{},[15,85453,14932],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,85456,11548],{},[153,85458,85459,85464,85469],{},[156,85460,85461,85463],{},[15,85462,14932],{}," changes the comparison rule",[156,85465,85466,85468],{},[15,85467,84306],{}," still returns the original item",[156,85470,85471],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[461,85473,85475],{"id":85474},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[43,85477,85479],{"className":45,"code":85478,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85480,85481,85514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85482,85483,85485,85487,85489,85491,85493,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85510,85512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85484,749],{"class":58},[52,85486,63],{"class":62},[52,85488,67],{"class":66},[52,85490,757],{"class":756},[52,85492,68401],{"class":760},[52,85494,757],{"class":756},[52,85496,74],{"class":66},[52,85498,768],{"class":756},[52,85500,37141],{"class":760},[52,85502,757],{"class":756},[52,85504,74],{"class":66},[52,85506,768],{"class":756},[52,85508,85509],{"class":760},"giraffe",[52,85511,757],{"class":756},[52,85513,90],{"class":66},[52,85515,85516,85518,85520,85522,85524,85526,85528,85530,85532,85534],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85517,118],{"class":101},[52,85519,105],{"class":66},[52,85521,84731],{"class":101},[52,85523,105],{"class":66},[52,85525,788],{"class":108},[52,85527,74],{"class":66},[52,85529,21674],{"class":201},[52,85531,63],{"class":62},[52,85533,11250],{"class":101},[52,85535,510],{"class":66},[20,85537,311],{},[43,85539,85541],{"className":45,"code":85540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat\n",[15,85542,85543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85544,85545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85546,85540],{"class":58},[461,85548,85550],{"id":85549},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[43,85552,85554],{"className":45,"code":85553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85555,85556,85566,85601,85633,85665,85669,85673,85712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85557,85558,85561,85563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85559,85560],{"class":58},"students ",[52,85562,63],{"class":62},[52,85564,85565],{"class":66}," [\n",[52,85567,85568,85571,85573,85575,85577,85579,85581,85583,85585,85587,85589,85592,85594,85596,85598],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85569,85570],{"class":66},"    {",[52,85572,757],{"class":756},[52,85574,7751],{"class":760},[52,85576,757],{"class":756},[52,85578,1772],{"class":66},[52,85580,768],{"class":756},[52,85582,12969],{"class":760},[52,85584,757],{"class":756},[52,85586,74],{"class":66},[52,85588,768],{"class":756},[52,85590,85591],{"class":760},"score",[52,85593,757],{"class":756},[52,85595,1772],{"class":66},[52,85597,13597],{"class":70},[52,85599,85600],{"class":66},"},\n",[52,85602,85603,85605,85607,85609,85611,85613,85615,85617,85619,85621,85623,85625,85627,85629,85631],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,85604,85570],{"class":66},[52,85606,757],{"class":756},[52,85608,7751],{"class":760},[52,85610,757],{"class":756},[52,85612,1772],{"class":66},[52,85614,768],{"class":756},[52,85616,36040],{"class":760},[52,85618,757],{"class":756},[52,85620,74],{"class":66},[52,85622,768],{"class":756},[52,85624,85591],{"class":760},[52,85626,757],{"class":756},[52,85628,1772],{"class":66},[52,85630,85192],{"class":70},[52,85632,85600],{"class":66},[52,85634,85635,85637,85639,85641,85643,85645,85647,85649,85651,85653,85655,85657,85659,85661,85663],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,85636,85570],{"class":66},[52,85638,757],{"class":756},[52,85640,7751],{"class":760},[52,85642,757],{"class":756},[52,85644,1772],{"class":66},[52,85646,768],{"class":756},[52,85648,36049],{"class":760},[52,85650,757],{"class":756},[52,85652,74],{"class":66},[52,85654,768],{"class":756},[52,85656,85591],{"class":760},[52,85658,757],{"class":756},[52,85660,1772],{"class":66},[52,85662,19992],{"class":70},[52,85664,9394],{"class":66},[52,85666,85667],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,85668,90],{"class":66},[52,85670,85671],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,85672,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,85674,85675,85678,85680,85683,85685,85688,85690,85692,85694,85696,85698,85700,85702,85704,85706,85708,85710],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,85676,85677],{"class":58},"lowest ",[52,85679,63],{"class":62},[52,85681,85682],{"class":101}," min",[52,85684,105],{"class":66},[52,85686,85687],{"class":108},"students",[52,85689,74],{"class":66},[52,85691,21674],{"class":201},[52,85693,63],{"class":62},[52,85695,37753],{"class":2184},[52,85697,12995],{"class":37756},[52,85699,1772],{"class":66},[52,85701,12995],{"class":108},[52,85703,3994],{"class":66},[52,85705,757],{"class":756},[52,85707,85591],{"class":760},[52,85709,757],{"class":756},[52,85711,1858],{"class":66},[52,85713,85714,85716,85718,85721],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,85715,118],{"class":101},[52,85717,105],{"class":66},[52,85719,85720],{"class":108},"lowest",[52,85722,112],{"class":66},[20,85724,311],{},[43,85726,85728],{"className":45,"code":85727,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85729,85730],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85731,85732,85734,85736,85738,85740,85742,85744,85746,85748,85750,85752,85754,85756,85758,85760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85733,9363],{"class":66},[52,85735,3406],{"class":756},[52,85737,7751],{"class":760},[52,85739,3406],{"class":756},[52,85741,1772],{"class":66},[52,85743,3401],{"class":756},[52,85745,36040],{"class":760},[52,85747,3406],{"class":756},[52,85749,74],{"class":66},[52,85751,3401],{"class":756},[52,85753,85591],{"class":760},[52,85755,3406],{"class":756},[52,85757,1772],{"class":66},[52,85759,85192],{"class":70},[52,85761,9394],{"class":66},[20,85763,85764,85765,85768],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85766,85767],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[38,85770,1372,85772,85774],{"id":85771},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85773,83009],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85776,85777],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[43,85779,85781],{"className":45,"code":85780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85782,85783,85791],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85784,85785,85787,85789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85786,59],{"class":58},[52,85788,63],{"class":62},[52,85790,7923],{"class":66},[52,85792,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85794,118],{"class":101},[52,85796,105],{"class":66},[52,85798,84731],{"class":101},[52,85800,105],{"class":66},[52,85802,109],{"class":108},[52,85804,510],{"class":66},[20,85806,311],{},[43,85808,85810],{"className":45,"code":85809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85811,85812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85813,85814,85816,85818,85820,85822,85824,85826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85815,40794],{"class":1184},[52,85817,1772],{"class":66},[52,85819,85682],{"class":101},[52,85821,7448],{"class":66},[52,85823,83977],{"class":58},[52,85825,12281],{"class":62},[52,85827,83982],{"class":58},[20,85829,85830,85831,1772],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85832,83009],{},[43,85834,85836],{"className":45,"code":85835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85837,85838,85846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85839,85840,85842,85844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85841,59],{"class":58},[52,85843,63],{"class":62},[52,85845,7923],{"class":66},[52,85847,85848,85850,85852,85854,85856,85858,85860,85862,85864,85866],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85849,118],{"class":101},[52,85851,105],{"class":66},[52,85853,84731],{"class":101},[52,85855,105],{"class":66},[52,85857,109],{"class":108},[52,85859,74],{"class":66},[52,85861,26618],{"class":201},[52,85863,63],{"class":62},[52,85865,3878],{"class":674},[52,85867,510],{"class":66},[20,85869,311],{},[43,85871,85872],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,85873,85874],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85875,85876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85877,11895],{"class":674},[20,85879,85880],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85882,85883],{},"Remember:",[153,85885,85886,85894],{},[156,85887,85888,85890,85891,85893],{},[15,85889,83009],{}," works only when ",[15,85892,84306],{}," gets one iterable argument",[156,85895,85896,85897],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85898,85899],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85901,85902,85903,242],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[236,85904,65915],{"href":72952},[38,85906,10832],{"id":10831},[20,85908,56855,85909,242],{},[15,85910,84306],{},[461,85912,85914,85915],{"id":85913},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85916,83009],{},[20,85918,3107,85919,1772],{},[15,85920,40794],{},[43,85922,85924],{"className":45,"code":85923,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85925,85926,85934],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85927,85928,85930,85932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85929,7863],{"class":58},[52,85931,63],{"class":62},[52,85933,7923],{"class":66},[52,85935,85936,85938,85940,85942,85944,85946],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85937,118],{"class":101},[52,85939,105],{"class":66},[52,85941,84731],{"class":101},[52,85943,105],{"class":66},[52,85945,7894],{"class":108},[52,85947,510],{"class":66},[20,85949,85950],{},"Fix it by:",[153,85952,85953,85956],{},[156,85954,85955],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[156,85957,85958,85959],{},"or using ",[15,85960,83009],{},[43,85962,85964],{"className":45,"code":85963,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85965,85966,85974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,85967,85968,85970,85972],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,85969,7863],{"class":58},[52,85971,63],{"class":62},[52,85973,7923],{"class":66},[52,85975,85976,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85997,85999],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,85977,118],{"class":101},[52,85979,105],{"class":66},[52,85981,84731],{"class":101},[52,85983,105],{"class":66},[52,85985,7894],{"class":108},[52,85987,74],{"class":66},[52,85989,26618],{"class":201},[52,85991,63],{"class":62},[52,85993,757],{"class":756},[52,85995,85996],{"class":760},"no items",[52,85998,757],{"class":756},[52,86000,510],{"class":66},[461,86002,86004],{"id":86003},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,86006,86007],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[43,86009,86011],{"className":45,"code":86010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,86012,86013,86037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86014,86015,86017,86019,86021,86023,86025,86027,86029,86031,86033,86035],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86016,9251],{"class":58},[52,86018,63],{"class":62},[52,86020,67],{"class":66},[52,86022,430],{"class":70},[52,86024,74],{"class":66},[52,86026,768],{"class":756},[52,86028,15846],{"class":760},[52,86030,757],{"class":756},[52,86032,74],{"class":66},[52,86034,4696],{"class":70},[52,86036,90],{"class":66},[52,86038,86039,86041,86043,86045,86047,86049],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,86040,118],{"class":101},[52,86042,105],{"class":66},[52,86044,84731],{"class":101},[52,86046,105],{"class":66},[52,86048,9289],{"class":108},[52,86050,510],{"class":66},[20,86052,311],{},[43,86054,86056],{"className":45,"code":86055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError\n",[15,86057,86058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86059,86060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86061,86055],{"class":1184},[20,86063,86064],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,86066,86067,86068,242],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,86069,84306],{},[43,86071,86073],{"className":45,"code":86072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,86074,86075,86099,86125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86076,86077,86079,86081,86083,86085,86087,86089,86091,86093,86095,86097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86078,9251],{"class":58},[52,86080,63],{"class":62},[52,86082,67],{"class":66},[52,86084,430],{"class":70},[52,86086,74],{"class":66},[52,86088,768],{"class":756},[52,86090,15846],{"class":760},[52,86092,757],{"class":756},[52,86094,74],{"class":66},[52,86096,4696],{"class":70},[52,86098,90],{"class":66},[52,86100,86101,86103,86105,86107,86109,86111,86113,86115,86117,86119,86121,86123],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,86102,59],{"class":58},[52,86104,63],{"class":62},[52,86106,67],{"class":66},[52,86108,1185],{"class":1184},[52,86110,105],{"class":66},[52,86112,1190],{"class":108},[52,86114,126],{"class":66},[52,86116,1196],{"class":1195},[52,86118,1199],{"class":58},[52,86120,1202],{"class":1195},[52,86122,14657],{"class":58},[52,86124,90],{"class":66},[52,86126,86127,86129,86131,86133,86135,86137],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,86128,118],{"class":101},[52,86130,105],{"class":66},[52,86132,84731],{"class":101},[52,86134,105],{"class":66},[52,86136,109],{"class":108},[52,86138,510],{"class":66},[20,86140,311],{},[43,86142,86143],{"className":45,"code":1068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86144,86145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86146,86147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86148,1068],{"class":70},[20,86150,86151,86152,242],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,86153,1979],{},[461,86155,86157],{"id":86156},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,86159,86160],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[43,86162,86164],{"className":45,"code":86163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,86165,86166,86198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86167,86168,86170,86172,86174,86176,86178,86180,86182,86184,86186,86188,86190,86192,86194,86196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86169,749],{"class":58},[52,86171,63],{"class":62},[52,86173,67],{"class":66},[52,86175,757],{"class":756},[52,86177,79633],{"class":760},[52,86179,757],{"class":756},[52,86181,74],{"class":66},[52,86183,768],{"class":756},[52,86185,57848],{"class":760},[52,86187,757],{"class":756},[52,86189,74],{"class":66},[52,86191,768],{"class":756},[52,86193,79650],{"class":760},[52,86195,757],{"class":756},[52,86197,90],{"class":66},[52,86199,86200,86202,86204,86206,86208,86210],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,86201,118],{"class":101},[52,86203,105],{"class":66},[52,86205,84731],{"class":101},[52,86207,105],{"class":66},[52,86209,788],{"class":108},[52,86211,510],{"class":66},[20,86213,311],{},[43,86215,86216],{"className":45,"code":85427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86217,86218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86219,86220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86221,85427],{"class":58},[20,86223,86224],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[43,86226,86228],{"className":45,"code":86227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,86229,86230,86262],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86231,86232,86234,86236,86238,86240,86242,86244,86246,86248,86250,86252,86254,86256,86258,86260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86233,749],{"class":58},[52,86235,63],{"class":62},[52,86237,67],{"class":66},[52,86239,757],{"class":756},[52,86241,79633],{"class":760},[52,86243,757],{"class":756},[52,86245,74],{"class":66},[52,86247,768],{"class":756},[52,86249,57848],{"class":760},[52,86251,757],{"class":756},[52,86253,74],{"class":66},[52,86255,768],{"class":756},[52,86257,79650],{"class":760},[52,86259,757],{"class":756},[52,86261,90],{"class":66},[52,86263,86264,86266,86268,86270,86272,86274,86276,86278,86280,86282,86284,86286],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,86265,118],{"class":101},[52,86267,105],{"class":66},[52,86269,84731],{"class":101},[52,86271,105],{"class":66},[52,86273,788],{"class":108},[52,86275,74],{"class":66},[52,86277,21674],{"class":201},[52,86279,63],{"class":62},[52,86281,3550],{"class":1184},[52,86283,242],{"class":66},[52,86285,8726],{"class":24845},[52,86287,510],{"class":66},[20,86289,311],{},[43,86291,86292],{"className":45,"code":85427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,86293,86294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86295,86296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86297,85427],{"class":58},[20,86299,86300],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[38,86302,5054,86304],{"id":86303},"when-to-use-min",[15,86305,84306],{},[20,86307,133,86308,10688],{},[15,86309,84306],{},[153,86311,86312,86315,86320],{},[156,86313,86314],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[156,86316,86317,86318],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,86319,14932],{},[156,86321,86322],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,86324,133,86325,86329],{},[236,86326,86327],{"href":74595},[15,86328,74498],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,86331,133,86332,86337],{},[236,86333,86335],{"href":86334},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,86336,82654],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[38,86339,1766],{"id":1765},[20,86341,84311],{},[153,86343,86344,86352,86355,86360,86367],{},[156,86345,86346,86347,86349,86350],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,86348,84306],{}," without using ",[15,86351,83009],{},[156,86353,86354],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[156,86356,8538,86357,86359],{},[15,86358,84306],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[156,86361,4796,86362,86364,86365,85468],{},[15,86363,14932],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,86366,84306],{},[156,86368,1372,86369,86371],{},[15,86370,83009],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,86373,86374,86375,86377],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,86376,84306],{},", these quick checks can help:",[43,86379,86381],{"className":45,"code":86380,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,86382,86383,86397,86407,86421,86435,86457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86384,86385,86387,86389,86391,86393,86395],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86386,118],{"class":101},[52,86388,105],{"class":66},[52,86390,1827],{"class":1184},[52,86392,105],{"class":66},[52,86394,9289],{"class":108},[52,86396,510],{"class":66},[52,86398,86399,86401,86403,86405],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,86400,118],{"class":101},[52,86402,105],{"class":66},[52,86404,9289],{"class":108},[52,86406,112],{"class":66},[52,86408,86409,86411,86413,86415,86417,86419],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,86410,118],{"class":101},[52,86412,105],{"class":66},[52,86414,11250],{"class":101},[52,86416,105],{"class":66},[52,86418,9289],{"class":108},[52,86420,510],{"class":66},[52,86422,86423,86425,86427,86429,86431,86433],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,86424,118],{"class":101},[52,86426,105],{"class":66},[52,86428,84731],{"class":101},[52,86430,105],{"class":66},[52,86432,9289],{"class":108},[52,86434,510],{"class":66},[52,86436,86437,86439,86441,86443,86445,86447,86449,86451,86453,86455],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,86438,118],{"class":101},[52,86440,105],{"class":66},[52,86442,84731],{"class":101},[52,86444,105],{"class":66},[52,86446,9289],{"class":108},[52,86448,74],{"class":66},[52,86450,26618],{"class":201},[52,86452,63],{"class":62},[52,86454,3878],{"class":674},[52,86456,510],{"class":66},[52,86458,86459,86461,86463,86465,86467,86469,86471,86473,86475,86477],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,86460,118],{"class":101},[52,86462,105],{"class":66},[52,86464,84731],{"class":101},[52,86466,105],{"class":66},[52,86468,788],{"class":108},[52,86470,74],{"class":66},[52,86472,21674],{"class":201},[52,86474,63],{"class":62},[52,86476,11250],{"class":101},[52,86478,510],{"class":66},[20,86480,86481,86482,86485,86486,86488],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86483,86484],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86487,9289],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[38,86490,1919],{"id":1918},[461,86492,1923,86494,1926],{"id":86493},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86495,84306],{},[20,86497,86498],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[461,86500,1933,86502,84487],{"id":86501},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86503,84306],{},[20,86505,86506],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[461,86508,71720],{"id":71719},[20,86510,86511,52576,86513,84499,86515,36715],{},[15,86512,84306],{},[15,86514,40794],{},[15,86516,83009],{},[461,86518,1923,86520,86522,86523,1963],{"id":86519},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86521,14932],{}," do in ",[15,86524,84306],{},[20,86526,86527,86529,86530,86532],{},[15,86528,14932],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86531,83560],{}," compares strings by length.",[461,86534,5270,86536,652,86538,1963],{"id":86535},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86537,84306],{},[15,86539,74498],{},[20,86541,86542,86544,86545,86547],{},[15,86543,84306],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86546,74498],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[38,86549,1986],{"id":1985},[153,86551,86552,86558,86564,86570,86574,86578],{},[156,86553,86554],{},[236,86555,86556,1999],{"href":86334},[15,86557,82654],{},[156,86559,86560],{},[236,86561,86562,1999],{"href":74595},[15,86563,74498],{},[156,86565,86566],{},[236,86567,86568,1999],{"href":2004},[15,86569,2007],{},[156,86571,86572],{},[236,86573,79946],{"href":78449},[156,86575,86576],{},[236,86577,59036],{"href":59035},[156,86579,86580],{},[236,86581,65915],{"href":72952},[2029,86583,86584],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":86586},[86587,86588,86590,86596,86598,86600,86605,86607,86613,86615,86616,86627],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":84790,"depth":93,"text":86589},"What min() does",{"id":84811,"depth":93,"text":84812,"children":86591},[86592,86593,86594,86595],{"id":84896,"depth":115,"text":84899},{"id":84958,"depth":115,"text":84961},{"id":85008,"depth":115,"text":85011},{"id":85102,"depth":115,"text":85105},{"id":85164,"depth":93,"text":86597},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":85299,"depth":93,"text":86599},"Using min() with strings",{"id":85446,"depth":93,"text":86601,"children":86602},"Using min() with a key function",[86603,86604],{"id":85474,"depth":115,"text":85475},{"id":85549,"depth":115,"text":85550},{"id":85771,"depth":93,"text":86606},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10831,"depth":93,"text":10832,"children":86608},[86609,86611,86612],{"id":85913,"depth":115,"text":86610},"Empty list without default",{"id":86003,"depth":115,"text":86004},{"id":86156,"depth":115,"text":86157},{"id":86303,"depth":93,"text":86614},"When to use min()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":86617},[86618,86620,86622,86623,86625],{"id":86493,"depth":115,"text":86619},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86501,"depth":115,"text":86621},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71719,"depth":115,"text":71720},{"id":86519,"depth":115,"text":86624},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86535,"depth":115,"text":86626},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84673,"description":86628},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86635,"title":86636,"body":86637,"description":88816,"extension":2083,"meta":88817,"navigation":296,"path":88818,"seo":88819,"stem":88820,"__hash__":88821},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86638,"toc":88780},[86639,86642,86648,86654,86656,86737,86746,86750,86755,86757,86802,86804,86884,86890,86892,86895,86927,86929,86947,86949,87022,87024,87043,87047,87050,87086,87088,87155,87229,87302,87307,87311,87317,87320,87337,87340,87342,87403,87405,87425,87431,87435,87438,87508,87511,87530,87535,87611,87614,87618,87624,87628,87633,87703,87707,87712,87786,87790,87793,87868,87879,87883,87888,87978,87983,88051,88054,88073,88084,88088,88091,88096,88099,88161,88164,88175,88180,88183,88186,88191,88194,88197,88201,88204,88210,88213,88224,88226,88288,88303,88309,88312,88315,88326,88337,88343,88346,88348,88410,88420,88426,88431,88437,88441,88447,88450,88471,88473,88478,88505,88508,88535,88538,88577,88580,88618,88621,88682,88685,88687,88691,88694,88698,88704,88712,88720,88724,88727,88731,88737,88739,88777],[10,86640,86636],{"id":86641},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86643,86644,86647],{},[15,86645,86646],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86649,86650,86651,86653],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86652,86646],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[38,86655,41],{"id":40},[43,86657,86659],{"className":45,"code":86658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86660,86661,86710,86726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86662,86663,86666,86669,86671,86673,86676,86678,86680,86682,86684,86686,86688,86691,86693,86695,86698,86700,86702,86704,86708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86664,86665],{"class":1195},"with",[52,86667,86668],{"class":101}," open",[52,86670,105],{"class":66},[52,86672,757],{"class":756},[52,86674,86675],{"class":760},"example.txt",[52,86677,757],{"class":756},[52,86679,74],{"class":66},[52,86681,768],{"class":756},[52,86683,60583],{"class":760},[52,86685,757],{"class":756},[52,86687,74],{"class":66},[52,86689,86690],{"class":201}," encoding",[52,86692,63],{"class":62},[52,86694,757],{"class":756},[52,86696,86697],{"class":760},"utf-8",[52,86699,757],{"class":756},[52,86701,126],{"class":66},[52,86703,47441],{"class":1195},[52,86705,86707],{"class":86706},"sMMDD"," file",[52,86709,1689],{"class":66},[52,86711,86712,86715,86717,86719,86721,86724],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,86713,86714],{"class":58},"    content ",[52,86716,63],{"class":62},[52,86718,86707],{"class":86706},[52,86720,242],{"class":66},[52,86722,86723],{"class":108},"read",[52,86725,8729],{"class":66},[52,86727,86728,86730,86732,86735],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,86729,8154],{"class":101},[52,86731,105],{"class":66},[52,86733,86734],{"class":108},"content",[52,86736,112],{"class":66},[20,86738,133,86739,86741,86742,86745],{},[15,86740,86665],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86743,86744],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[38,86747,86749],{"id":86748},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86751,86752,86754],{},[15,86753,86646],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86756,11548],{},[153,86758,86759,86762,86767,86772],{},[156,86760,86761],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[156,86763,40996,86764,86766],{},[3842,86765,4722],{}," read or write anything by itself",[156,86768,17515,86769],{},[3842,86770,86771],{},"file object",[156,86773,86774,86775],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[153,86776,86777,86782,86787,86792,86797],{},[156,86778,86779],{},[15,86780,86781],{},"read()",[156,86783,86784],{},[15,86785,86786],{},"readline()",[156,86788,86789],{},[15,86790,86791],{},"readlines()",[156,86793,86794],{},[15,86795,86796],{},"write()",[156,86798,86799],{},[15,86800,86801],{},"close()",[20,86803,2324],{},[43,86805,86807],{"className":45,"code":86806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86808,86809,86848,86863,86873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86810,86811,86814,86816,86818,86820,86822,86824,86826,86828,86830,86832,86834,86836,86838,86840,86842,86844,86846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86812,86813],{"class":86706},"file",[52,86815,13366],{"class":62},[52,86817,86668],{"class":101},[52,86819,105],{"class":66},[52,86821,757],{"class":756},[52,86823,86675],{"class":760},[52,86825,757],{"class":756},[52,86827,74],{"class":66},[52,86829,768],{"class":756},[52,86831,60583],{"class":760},[52,86833,757],{"class":756},[52,86835,74],{"class":66},[52,86837,86690],{"class":201},[52,86839,63],{"class":62},[52,86841,757],{"class":756},[52,86843,86697],{"class":760},[52,86845,757],{"class":756},[52,86847,112],{"class":66},[52,86849,86850,86853,86855,86857,86859,86861],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,86851,86852],{"class":58},"content ",[52,86854,63],{"class":62},[52,86856,86707],{"class":86706},[52,86858,242],{"class":66},[52,86860,86723],{"class":108},[52,86862,8729],{"class":66},[52,86864,86865,86867,86869,86871],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,86866,118],{"class":101},[52,86868,105],{"class":66},[52,86870,86734],{"class":108},[52,86872,112],{"class":66},[52,86874,86875,86877,86879,86882],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,86876,86813],{"class":86706},[52,86878,242],{"class":66},[52,86880,86881],{"class":108},"close",[52,86883,8729],{"class":66},[20,86885,86886,86887,86889],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86888,86665],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[38,86891,181],{"id":180},[20,86893,86894],{},"A common form is:",[43,86896,86898],{"className":45,"code":86897,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86899,86900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86901,86902,86904,86906,86908,86910,86913,86915,86917,86919,86921,86923,86925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86903,42510],{"class":101},[52,86905,105],{"class":66},[52,86907,86813],{"class":86706},[52,86909,74],{"class":66},[52,86911,86912],{"class":108}," mode",[52,86914,74],{"class":66},[52,86916,86690],{"class":201},[52,86918,63],{"class":62},[52,86920,757],{"class":756},[52,86922,86697],{"class":760},[52,86924,757],{"class":756},[52,86926,112],{"class":66},[20,86928,65121],{},[153,86930,86931,86936,86941],{},[156,86932,86933,86935],{},[15,86934,86813],{}," is the file name or file path",[156,86937,86938,86940],{},[15,86939,21013],{}," controls how the file is opened",[156,86942,86943,86946],{},[15,86944,86945],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86948,2324],{},[43,86950,86952],{"className":45,"code":86951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86953,86954,86997,87012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,86955,86956,86958,86960,86962,86964,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,86957,86665],{"class":1195},[52,86959,86668],{"class":101},[52,86961,105],{"class":66},[52,86963,757],{"class":756},[52,86965,86966],{"class":760},"notes.txt",[52,86968,757],{"class":756},[52,86970,74],{"class":66},[52,86972,768],{"class":756},[52,86974,60583],{"class":760},[52,86976,757],{"class":756},[52,86978,74],{"class":66},[52,86980,86690],{"class":201},[52,86982,63],{"class":62},[52,86984,757],{"class":756},[52,86986,86697],{"class":760},[52,86988,757],{"class":756},[52,86990,126],{"class":66},[52,86992,47441],{"class":1195},[52,86994,86707],{"class":86706},[52,86996,1689],{"class":66},[52,86998,86999,87002,87004,87006,87008,87010],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87000,87001],{"class":58},"    text ",[52,87003,63],{"class":62},[52,87005,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87007,242],{"class":66},[52,87009,86723],{"class":108},[52,87011,8729],{"class":66},[52,87013,87014,87016,87018,87020],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87015,8154],{"class":101},[52,87017,105],{"class":66},[52,87019,34806],{"class":108},[52,87021,112],{"class":66},[20,87023,20051],{},[153,87025,87026,87032,87037],{},[156,87027,87028,87031],{},[15,87029,87030],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[156,87033,87034,87036],{},[15,87035,86744],{}," means open for reading",[156,87038,87039,87042],{},[15,87040,87041],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[38,87044,87046],{"id":87045},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,87048,87049],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[153,87051,87052,87057,87063,87068,87074,87080],{},[156,87053,87054,87056],{},[15,87055,86744],{}," = read a text file",[156,87058,87059,87062],{},[15,87060,87061],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[156,87064,87065,87067],{},[15,87066,18189],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[156,87069,87070,87073],{},[15,87071,87072],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[156,87075,87076,87079],{},[15,87077,87078],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[156,87081,87082,87085],{},[15,87083,87084],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,87087,2244],{},[43,87089,87091],{"className":45,"code":87090,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87092,87093,87098,87141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87094,87095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87096,87097],{"class":129},"# Read a text file\n",[52,87099,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108,87111,87113,87115,87117,87119,87121,87123,87125,87127,87129,87131,87133,87135,87137,87139],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87101,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87103,86668],{"class":101},[52,87105,105],{"class":66},[52,87107,757],{"class":756},[52,87109,87110],{"class":760},"data.txt",[52,87112,757],{"class":756},[52,87114,74],{"class":66},[52,87116,768],{"class":756},[52,87118,60583],{"class":760},[52,87120,757],{"class":756},[52,87122,74],{"class":66},[52,87124,86690],{"class":201},[52,87126,63],{"class":62},[52,87128,757],{"class":756},[52,87130,86697],{"class":760},[52,87132,757],{"class":756},[52,87134,126],{"class":66},[52,87136,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87138,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87140,1689],{"class":66},[52,87142,87143,87145,87147,87149,87151,87153],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87144,8154],{"class":101},[52,87146,105],{"class":66},[52,87148,86813],{"class":86706},[52,87150,242],{"class":66},[52,87152,86723],{"class":108},[52,87154,7276],{"class":66},[43,87156,87158],{"className":45,"code":87157,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,87159,87160,87165,87207],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87161,87162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87163,87164],{"class":129},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[52,87166,87167,87169,87171,87173,87175,87177,87179,87181,87183,87185,87187,87189,87191,87193,87195,87197,87199,87201,87203,87205],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87168,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87170,86668],{"class":101},[52,87172,105],{"class":66},[52,87174,757],{"class":756},[52,87176,87110],{"class":760},[52,87178,757],{"class":756},[52,87180,74],{"class":66},[52,87182,768],{"class":756},[52,87184,60566],{"class":760},[52,87186,757],{"class":756},[52,87188,74],{"class":66},[52,87190,86690],{"class":201},[52,87192,63],{"class":62},[52,87194,757],{"class":756},[52,87196,86697],{"class":760},[52,87198,757],{"class":756},[52,87200,126],{"class":66},[52,87202,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87204,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87206,1689],{"class":66},[52,87208,87209,87212,87214,87216,87218,87220,87222,87225,87227],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87210,87211],{"class":86706},"    file",[52,87213,242],{"class":66},[52,87215,70269],{"class":108},[52,87217,105],{"class":66},[52,87219,757],{"class":756},[52,87221,34965],{"class":760},[52,87223,87224],{"class":34550},"\\n",[52,87226,757],{"class":756},[52,87228,112],{"class":66},[43,87230,87232],{"className":45,"code":87231,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,87233,87234,87239,87281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87235,87236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87237,87238],{"class":129},"# Append to a text file\n",[52,87240,87241,87243,87245,87247,87249,87251,87253,87255,87257,87259,87261,87263,87265,87267,87269,87271,87273,87275,87277,87279],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87242,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87244,86668],{"class":101},[52,87246,105],{"class":66},[52,87248,757],{"class":756},[52,87250,87110],{"class":760},[52,87252,757],{"class":756},[52,87254,74],{"class":66},[52,87256,768],{"class":756},[52,87258,236],{"class":760},[52,87260,757],{"class":756},[52,87262,74],{"class":66},[52,87264,86690],{"class":201},[52,87266,63],{"class":62},[52,87268,757],{"class":756},[52,87270,86697],{"class":760},[52,87272,757],{"class":756},[52,87274,126],{"class":66},[52,87276,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87278,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87280,1689],{"class":66},[52,87282,87283,87285,87287,87289,87291,87293,87296,87298,87300],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87284,87211],{"class":86706},[52,87286,242],{"class":66},[52,87288,70269],{"class":108},[52,87290,105],{"class":66},[52,87292,757],{"class":756},[52,87294,87295],{"class":760},"Another line",[52,87297,87224],{"class":34550},[52,87299,757],{"class":756},[52,87301,112],{"class":66},[20,87303,69422,87304,87306],{},[15,87305,87061],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[38,87308,87310],{"id":87309},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,87312,87313,22070,87315,242],{},[15,87314,86646],{},[3842,87316,86771],{},[20,87318,87319],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[153,87321,87322,87327,87332],{},[156,87323,87324],{},[15,87325,87326],{},"file.read()",[156,87328,87329],{},[15,87330,87331],{},"file.write()",[156,87333,87334],{},[15,87335,87336],{},"file.close()",[20,87338,87339],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,87341,2324],{},[43,87343,87345],{"className":45,"code":87344,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,87346,87347,87389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87348,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357,87359,87361,87363,87365,87367,87369,87371,87373,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385,87387],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87350,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87352,86668],{"class":101},[52,87354,105],{"class":66},[52,87356,757],{"class":756},[52,87358,86675],{"class":760},[52,87360,757],{"class":756},[52,87362,74],{"class":66},[52,87364,768],{"class":756},[52,87366,60583],{"class":760},[52,87368,757],{"class":756},[52,87370,74],{"class":66},[52,87372,86690],{"class":201},[52,87374,63],{"class":62},[52,87376,757],{"class":756},[52,87378,86697],{"class":760},[52,87380,757],{"class":756},[52,87382,126],{"class":66},[52,87384,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87386,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87388,1689],{"class":66},[52,87390,87391,87393,87395,87397,87399,87401],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87392,8154],{"class":101},[52,87394,105],{"class":66},[52,87396,1827],{"class":1184},[52,87398,105],{"class":66},[52,87400,86813],{"class":86706},[52,87402,510],{"class":66},[20,87404,30125],{},[43,87406,87408],{"className":45,"code":87407,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,87409,87410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87411,87412,87414,87416,87418,87421,87423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87413,3395],{"class":62},[52,87415,3398],{"class":2184},[52,87417,3401],{"class":756},[52,87419,87420],{"class":760},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[52,87422,3406],{"class":756},[52,87424,3409],{"class":62},[20,87426,87427,87428,87430],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,87429,86646],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[38,87432,87434],{"id":87433},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,87436,87437],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[43,87439,87440],{"className":45,"code":86658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87441,87442,87484,87498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87443,87444,87446,87448,87450,87452,87454,87456,87458,87460,87462,87464,87466,87468,87470,87472,87474,87476,87478,87480,87482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87445,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87447,86668],{"class":101},[52,87449,105],{"class":66},[52,87451,757],{"class":756},[52,87453,86675],{"class":760},[52,87455,757],{"class":756},[52,87457,74],{"class":66},[52,87459,768],{"class":756},[52,87461,60583],{"class":760},[52,87463,757],{"class":756},[52,87465,74],{"class":66},[52,87467,86690],{"class":201},[52,87469,63],{"class":62},[52,87471,757],{"class":756},[52,87473,86697],{"class":760},[52,87475,757],{"class":756},[52,87477,126],{"class":66},[52,87479,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87481,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87483,1689],{"class":66},[52,87485,87486,87488,87490,87492,87494,87496],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87487,86714],{"class":58},[52,87489,63],{"class":62},[52,87491,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87493,242],{"class":66},[52,87495,86723],{"class":108},[52,87497,8729],{"class":66},[52,87499,87500,87502,87504,87506],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87501,8154],{"class":101},[52,87503,105],{"class":66},[52,87505,86734],{"class":108},[52,87507,112],{"class":66},[20,87509,87510],{},"Why this is recommended:",[153,87512,87513,87518,87524,87527],{},[156,87514,87515,87517],{},[15,87516,86665],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[156,87519,87520,87521,87523],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87522,86801],{}," yourself",[156,87525,87526],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[156,87528,87529],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87531,83823,87532,87534],{},[15,87533,86665],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[43,87536,87537],{"className":45,"code":86806,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87538,87539,87577,87591,87601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87540,87541,87543,87545,87547,87549,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87563,87565,87567,87569,87571,87573,87575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87542,86813],{"class":86706},[52,87544,13366],{"class":62},[52,87546,86668],{"class":101},[52,87548,105],{"class":66},[52,87550,757],{"class":756},[52,87552,86675],{"class":760},[52,87554,757],{"class":756},[52,87556,74],{"class":66},[52,87558,768],{"class":756},[52,87560,60583],{"class":760},[52,87562,757],{"class":756},[52,87564,74],{"class":66},[52,87566,86690],{"class":201},[52,87568,63],{"class":62},[52,87570,757],{"class":756},[52,87572,86697],{"class":760},[52,87574,757],{"class":756},[52,87576,112],{"class":66},[52,87578,87579,87581,87583,87585,87587,87589],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87580,86852],{"class":58},[52,87582,63],{"class":62},[52,87584,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87586,242],{"class":66},[52,87588,86723],{"class":108},[52,87590,8729],{"class":66},[52,87592,87593,87595,87597,87599],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87594,118],{"class":101},[52,87596,105],{"class":66},[52,87598,86734],{"class":108},[52,87600,112],{"class":66},[52,87602,87603,87605,87607,87609],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,87604,86813],{"class":86706},[52,87606,242],{"class":66},[52,87608,86881],{"class":108},[52,87610,8729],{"class":66},[20,87612,87613],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[38,87615,87617],{"id":87616},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87619,87620,87621,87623],{},"Use mode ",[15,87622,86744],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[461,87625,87627],{"id":87626},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87629,87630,87632],{},[15,87631,86781],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[43,87634,87635],{"className":45,"code":86658,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,87636,87637,87679,87693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87638,87639,87641,87643,87645,87647,87649,87651,87653,87655,87657,87659,87661,87663,87665,87667,87669,87671,87673,87675,87677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87640,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87642,86668],{"class":101},[52,87644,105],{"class":66},[52,87646,757],{"class":756},[52,87648,86675],{"class":760},[52,87650,757],{"class":756},[52,87652,74],{"class":66},[52,87654,768],{"class":756},[52,87656,60583],{"class":760},[52,87658,757],{"class":756},[52,87660,74],{"class":66},[52,87662,86690],{"class":201},[52,87664,63],{"class":62},[52,87666,757],{"class":756},[52,87668,86697],{"class":760},[52,87670,757],{"class":756},[52,87672,126],{"class":66},[52,87674,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87676,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87678,1689],{"class":66},[52,87680,87681,87683,87685,87687,87689,87691],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87682,86714],{"class":58},[52,87684,63],{"class":62},[52,87686,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87688,242],{"class":66},[52,87690,86723],{"class":108},[52,87692,8729],{"class":66},[52,87694,87695,87697,87699,87701],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87696,8154],{"class":101},[52,87698,105],{"class":66},[52,87700,86734],{"class":108},[52,87702,112],{"class":66},[461,87704,87706],{"id":87705},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87708,87709,87711],{},[15,87710,86786],{}," reads one line at a time.",[43,87713,87715],{"className":45,"code":87714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87716,87717,87759,87775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87718,87719,87721,87723,87725,87727,87729,87731,87733,87735,87737,87739,87741,87743,87745,87747,87749,87751,87753,87755,87757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87720,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87722,86668],{"class":101},[52,87724,105],{"class":66},[52,87726,757],{"class":756},[52,87728,86675],{"class":760},[52,87730,757],{"class":756},[52,87732,74],{"class":66},[52,87734,768],{"class":756},[52,87736,60583],{"class":760},[52,87738,757],{"class":756},[52,87740,74],{"class":66},[52,87742,86690],{"class":201},[52,87744,63],{"class":62},[52,87746,757],{"class":756},[52,87748,86697],{"class":760},[52,87750,757],{"class":756},[52,87752,126],{"class":66},[52,87754,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87756,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87758,1689],{"class":66},[52,87760,87761,87764,87766,87768,87770,87773],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87762,87763],{"class":58},"    first_line ",[52,87765,63],{"class":62},[52,87767,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87769,242],{"class":66},[52,87771,87772],{"class":108},"readline",[52,87774,8729],{"class":66},[52,87776,87777,87779,87781,87784],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87778,8154],{"class":101},[52,87780,105],{"class":66},[52,87782,87783],{"class":108},"first_line",[52,87785,112],{"class":66},[461,87787,87789],{"id":87788},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87791,87792],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[43,87794,87796],{"className":45,"code":87795,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87797,87798,87840,87854],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87799,87800,87802,87804,87806,87808,87810,87812,87814,87816,87818,87820,87822,87824,87826,87828,87830,87832,87834,87836,87838],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87801,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87803,86668],{"class":101},[52,87805,105],{"class":66},[52,87807,757],{"class":756},[52,87809,86675],{"class":760},[52,87811,757],{"class":756},[52,87813,74],{"class":66},[52,87815,768],{"class":756},[52,87817,60583],{"class":760},[52,87819,757],{"class":756},[52,87821,74],{"class":66},[52,87823,86690],{"class":201},[52,87825,63],{"class":62},[52,87827,757],{"class":756},[52,87829,86697],{"class":760},[52,87831,757],{"class":756},[52,87833,126],{"class":66},[52,87835,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87837,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87839,1689],{"class":66},[52,87841,87842,87845,87848,87850,87852],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87843,87844],{"class":1195},"    for",[52,87846,87847],{"class":58}," line ",[52,87849,1202],{"class":1195},[52,87851,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87853,1689],{"class":66},[52,87855,87856,87858,87860,87862,87864,87866],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87857,47421],{"class":101},[52,87859,105],{"class":66},[52,87861,54],{"class":108},[52,87863,242],{"class":66},[52,87865,8720],{"class":108},[52,87867,7276],{"class":66},[20,87869,87870,87871,1943,87875,242],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[236,87872,87874],{"href":87873},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[236,87876,87878],{"href":87877},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[38,87880,87882],{"id":87881},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87884,133,87885,87887],{},[15,87886,87061],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[43,87889,87891],{"className":45,"code":87890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87892,87893,87936,87957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87894,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87906,87908,87910,87912,87914,87916,87918,87920,87922,87924,87926,87928,87930,87932,87934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87896,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87898,86668],{"class":101},[52,87900,105],{"class":66},[52,87902,757],{"class":756},[52,87904,87905],{"class":760},"output.txt",[52,87907,757],{"class":756},[52,87909,74],{"class":66},[52,87911,768],{"class":756},[52,87913,60566],{"class":760},[52,87915,757],{"class":756},[52,87917,74],{"class":66},[52,87919,86690],{"class":201},[52,87921,63],{"class":62},[52,87923,757],{"class":756},[52,87925,86697],{"class":760},[52,87927,757],{"class":756},[52,87929,126],{"class":66},[52,87931,47441],{"class":1195},[52,87933,86707],{"class":86706},[52,87935,1689],{"class":66},[52,87937,87938,87940,87942,87944,87946,87948,87951,87953,87955],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,87939,87211],{"class":86706},[52,87941,242],{"class":66},[52,87943,70269],{"class":108},[52,87945,105],{"class":66},[52,87947,757],{"class":756},[52,87949,87950],{"class":760},"First line",[52,87952,87224],{"class":34550},[52,87954,757],{"class":756},[52,87956,112],{"class":66},[52,87958,87959,87961,87963,87965,87967,87969,87972,87974,87976],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,87960,87211],{"class":86706},[52,87962,242],{"class":66},[52,87964,70269],{"class":108},[52,87966,105],{"class":66},[52,87968,757],{"class":756},[52,87970,87971],{"class":760},"Second line",[52,87973,87224],{"class":34550},[52,87975,757],{"class":756},[52,87977,112],{"class":66},[20,87979,133,87980,87982],{},[15,87981,18189],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[43,87984,87986],{"className":45,"code":87985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87987,87988,88030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,87989,87990,87992,87994,87996,87998,88000,88002,88004,88006,88008,88010,88012,88014,88016,88018,88020,88022,88024,88026,88028],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,87991,86665],{"class":1195},[52,87993,86668],{"class":101},[52,87995,105],{"class":66},[52,87997,757],{"class":756},[52,87999,87905],{"class":760},[52,88001,757],{"class":756},[52,88003,74],{"class":66},[52,88005,768],{"class":756},[52,88007,236],{"class":760},[52,88009,757],{"class":756},[52,88011,74],{"class":66},[52,88013,86690],{"class":201},[52,88015,63],{"class":62},[52,88017,757],{"class":756},[52,88019,86697],{"class":760},[52,88021,757],{"class":756},[52,88023,126],{"class":66},[52,88025,47441],{"class":1195},[52,88027,86707],{"class":86706},[52,88029,1689],{"class":66},[52,88031,88032,88034,88036,88038,88040,88042,88045,88047,88049],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88033,87211],{"class":86706},[52,88035,242],{"class":66},[52,88037,70269],{"class":108},[52,88039,105],{"class":66},[52,88041,757],{"class":756},[52,88043,88044],{"class":760},"Third line",[52,88046,87224],{"class":34550},[52,88048,757],{"class":756},[52,88050,112],{"class":66},[20,88052,88053],{},"Important detail:",[153,88055,88056,88061,88068],{},[156,88057,88058,88060],{},[15,88059,86796],{}," writes a string",[156,88062,88063,14144,88065,88067],{},[15,88064,86796],{},[3842,88066,4722],{}," add a newline for you",[156,88069,88070,88071,87523],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,88072,87224],{},[20,88074,88075,88076,1943,88080,242],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[236,88077,88079],{"href":88078},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[236,88081,88083],{"href":88082},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[38,88085,88087],{"id":88086},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,88089,88090],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[461,88092,88094],{"id":88093},"encodingutf-8",[15,88095,87041],{},[20,88097,88098],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[43,88100,88102],{"className":45,"code":88101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88103,88104,88147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88105,88106,88108,88110,88112,88114,88117,88119,88121,88123,88125,88127,88129,88131,88133,88135,88137,88139,88141,88143,88145],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88107,86665],{"class":1195},[52,88109,86668],{"class":101},[52,88111,105],{"class":66},[52,88113,757],{"class":756},[52,88115,88116],{"class":760},"message.txt",[52,88118,757],{"class":756},[52,88120,74],{"class":66},[52,88122,768],{"class":756},[52,88124,60583],{"class":760},[52,88126,757],{"class":756},[52,88128,74],{"class":66},[52,88130,86690],{"class":201},[52,88132,63],{"class":62},[52,88134,757],{"class":756},[52,88136,86697],{"class":760},[52,88138,757],{"class":756},[52,88140,126],{"class":66},[52,88142,47441],{"class":1195},[52,88144,86707],{"class":86706},[52,88146,1689],{"class":66},[52,88148,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88150,8154],{"class":101},[52,88152,105],{"class":66},[52,88154,86813],{"class":86706},[52,88156,242],{"class":66},[52,88158,86723],{"class":108},[52,88160,7276],{"class":66},[20,88162,88163],{},"Why it matters:",[153,88165,88166,88169,88172],{},[156,88167,88168],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[156,88170,88171],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[156,88173,88174],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[461,88176,88178],{"id":88177},"newline",[15,88179,88177],{},[20,88181,88182],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,88184,88185],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[461,88187,88189],{"id":88188},"buffering",[15,88190,88188],{},[20,88192,88193],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,88195,88196],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[38,88198,88200],{"id":88199},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,88202,88203],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[461,88205,88207],{"id":88206},"filenotfounderror",[15,88208,88209],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,88211,88212],{},"This happens when:",[153,88214,88215,88218,88221],{},[156,88216,88217],{},"the file does not exist",[156,88219,88220],{},"the path is wrong",[156,88222,88223],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,88225,2324],{},[43,88227,88229],{"className":45,"code":88228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88230,88231,88274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88232,88233,88235,88237,88239,88241,88244,88246,88248,88250,88252,88254,88256,88258,88260,88262,88264,88266,88268,88270,88272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88234,86665],{"class":1195},[52,88236,86668],{"class":101},[52,88238,105],{"class":66},[52,88240,757],{"class":756},[52,88242,88243],{"class":760},"missing.txt",[52,88245,757],{"class":756},[52,88247,74],{"class":66},[52,88249,768],{"class":756},[52,88251,60583],{"class":760},[52,88253,757],{"class":756},[52,88255,74],{"class":66},[52,88257,86690],{"class":201},[52,88259,63],{"class":62},[52,88261,757],{"class":756},[52,88263,86697],{"class":760},[52,88265,757],{"class":756},[52,88267,126],{"class":66},[52,88269,47441],{"class":1195},[52,88271,86707],{"class":86706},[52,88273,1689],{"class":66},[52,88275,88276,88278,88280,88282,88284,88286],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88277,8154],{"class":101},[52,88279,105],{"class":66},[52,88281,86813],{"class":86706},[52,88283,242],{"class":66},[52,88285,86723],{"class":108},[52,88287,7276],{"class":66},[20,88289,88290,88291,652,88299,242],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[236,88292,88294,88295,88298],{"href":88293},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[52,88296,88297],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[236,88300,88302],{"href":88301},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[461,88304,88306],{"id":88305},"permissionerror",[15,88307,88308],{},"PermissionError",[20,88310,88311],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,88313,88314],{},"Example causes:",[153,88316,88317,88320,88323],{},[156,88318,88319],{},"the file is protected",[156,88321,88322],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[156,88324,88325],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,88327,88328,88329],{},"Related page: ",[236,88330,88332,88333,88336],{"href":88331},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[52,88334,88335],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[461,88338,88340],{"id":88339},"isadirectoryerror",[15,88341,88342],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,88344,88345],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,88347,2324],{},[43,88349,88351],{"className":45,"code":88350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88352,88353,88396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88354,88355,88357,88359,88361,88363,88366,88368,88370,88372,88374,88376,88378,88380,88382,88384,88386,88388,88390,88392,88394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88356,86665],{"class":1195},[52,88358,86668],{"class":101},[52,88360,105],{"class":66},[52,88362,757],{"class":756},[52,88364,88365],{"class":760},"my_folder",[52,88367,757],{"class":756},[52,88369,74],{"class":66},[52,88371,768],{"class":756},[52,88373,60583],{"class":760},[52,88375,757],{"class":756},[52,88377,74],{"class":66},[52,88379,86690],{"class":201},[52,88381,63],{"class":62},[52,88383,757],{"class":756},[52,88385,86697],{"class":760},[52,88387,757],{"class":756},[52,88389,126],{"class":66},[52,88391,47441],{"class":1195},[52,88393,86707],{"class":86706},[52,88395,1689],{"class":66},[52,88397,88398,88400,88402,88404,88406,88408],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88399,8154],{"class":101},[52,88401,105],{"class":66},[52,88403,86813],{"class":86706},[52,88405,242],{"class":66},[52,88407,86723],{"class":108},[52,88409,7276],{"class":66},[20,88411,88328,88412],{},[236,88413,88415,88416,88419],{"href":88414},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[52,88417,88418],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[461,88421,88423],{"id":88422},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,88424,88425],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,88427,88428,88429,242],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,88430,86646],{},[20,88432,88328,88433],{},[236,88434,88436],{"href":88435},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[38,88438,88440],{"id":88439},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,88442,88443,88444,88446],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,88445,86646],{}," function.",[20,88448,88449],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[153,88451,88452,88455,88458,88464],{},[156,88453,88454],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[156,88456,88457],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[156,88459,88460,88461,88463],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,88462,86646],{}," itself",[156,88465,88466,88467],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[236,88468,88470],{"href":88469},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[38,88472,1766],{"id":1765},[20,88474,88475,88476,1772],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,88477,86646],{},[153,88479,88480,88485,88491,88496,88499,88502],{},[156,88481,1372,88482,88484],{},[15,88483,86744],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[156,88486,88487,88488,88490],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88489,86945],{}," for text files",[156,88492,1372,88493,88495],{},[15,88494,87061],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[156,88497,88498],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[156,88500,88501],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[156,88503,88504],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88506,88507],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[43,88509,88511],{"className":45,"code":88510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88512,88513,88520],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88514,88515,88517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88516,35189],{"class":1195},[52,88518,88519],{"class":58}," os\n",[52,88521,88522,88524,88526,88528,88530,88533],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88523,118],{"class":101},[52,88525,105],{"class":66},[52,88527,42709],{"class":108},[52,88529,242],{"class":66},[52,88531,88532],{"class":108},"getcwd",[52,88534,7276],{"class":66},[20,88536,88537],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[43,88539,88541],{"className":45,"code":88540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88542,88543,88549],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88544,88545,88547],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88546,35189],{"class":1195},[52,88548,88519],{"class":58},[52,88550,88551,88553,88555,88557,88559,88562,88564,88567,88569,88571,88573,88575],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88552,118],{"class":101},[52,88554,105],{"class":66},[52,88556,42709],{"class":108},[52,88558,242],{"class":66},[52,88560,88561],{"class":24845},"path",[52,88563,242],{"class":66},[52,88565,88566],{"class":108},"exists",[52,88568,105],{"class":66},[52,88570,757],{"class":756},[52,88572,86675],{"class":760},[52,88574,757],{"class":756},[52,88576,510],{"class":66},[20,88578,88579],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[43,88581,88583],{"className":45,"code":88582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88584,88585,88591],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88586,88587,88589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88588,35189],{"class":1195},[52,88590,88519],{"class":58},[52,88592,88593,88595,88597,88599,88601,88603,88605,88608,88610,88612,88614,88616],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88594,118],{"class":101},[52,88596,105],{"class":66},[52,88598,42709],{"class":108},[52,88600,242],{"class":66},[52,88602,88561],{"class":24845},[52,88604,242],{"class":66},[52,88606,88607],{"class":108},"isfile",[52,88609,105],{"class":66},[52,88611,757],{"class":756},[52,88613,86675],{"class":760},[52,88615,757],{"class":756},[52,88617,510],{"class":66},[20,88619,88620],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[43,88622,88624],{"className":45,"code":88623,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88625,88626,88668],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88627,88628,88630,88632,88634,88636,88638,88640,88642,88644,88646,88648,88650,88652,88654,88656,88658,88660,88662,88664,88666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88629,86665],{"class":1195},[52,88631,86668],{"class":101},[52,88633,105],{"class":66},[52,88635,757],{"class":756},[52,88637,86675],{"class":760},[52,88639,757],{"class":756},[52,88641,74],{"class":66},[52,88643,768],{"class":756},[52,88645,60583],{"class":760},[52,88647,757],{"class":756},[52,88649,74],{"class":66},[52,88651,86690],{"class":201},[52,88653,63],{"class":62},[52,88655,757],{"class":756},[52,88657,86697],{"class":760},[52,88659,757],{"class":756},[52,88661,126],{"class":66},[52,88663,47441],{"class":1195},[52,88665,86707],{"class":86706},[52,88667,1689],{"class":66},[52,88669,88670,88672,88674,88676,88678,88680],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88671,8154],{"class":101},[52,88673,105],{"class":66},[52,88675,86813],{"class":86706},[52,88677,242],{"class":66},[52,88679,86723],{"class":108},[52,88681,7276],{"class":66},[20,88683,88684],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[38,88686,1919],{"id":1918},[461,88688,88690],{"id":88689},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88692,88693],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[461,88695,88697],{"id":88696},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88699,88700,88701,88703],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88702,86665],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[461,88705,5270,88707,652,88709,88711],{"id":88706},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88708,87061],{},[15,88710,18189],{}," mode?",[20,88713,88714,88716,88717,88719],{},[15,88715,87061],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88718,18189],{}," adds new content to the end.",[461,88721,88723],{"id":88722},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88725,88726],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[461,88728,88730],{"id":88729},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88732,88733,88734,88736],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88735,87041],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[38,88738,1986],{"id":1985},[153,88740,88741,88745,88749,88753,88757,88761,88765,88771],{},[156,88742,88743],{},[236,88744,87874],{"href":87873},[156,88746,88747],{},[236,88748,88079],{"href":88078},[156,88750,88751],{},[236,88752,88083],{"href":88082},[156,88754,88755],{},[236,88756,87878],{"href":87877},[156,88758,88759],{},[236,88760,88470],{"href":88469},[156,88762,88763],{},[236,88764,88302],{"href":88301},[156,88766,88767],{},[236,88768,88294,88769,88298],{"href":88293},[52,88770,88297],{},[156,88772,88773],{},[236,88774,88332,88775,88336],{"href":88331},[52,88776,88335],{},[2029,88778,88779],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":88781},[88782,88783,88784,88785,88786,88787,88788,88793,88794,88799,88805,88806,88807,88815],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":86748,"depth":93,"text":86749},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":87045,"depth":93,"text":87046},{"id":87309,"depth":93,"text":87310},{"id":87433,"depth":93,"text":87434},{"id":87616,"depth":93,"text":87617,"children":88789},[88790,88791,88792],{"id":87626,"depth":115,"text":87627},{"id":87705,"depth":115,"text":87706},{"id":87788,"depth":115,"text":87789},{"id":87881,"depth":93,"text":87882},{"id":88086,"depth":93,"text":88087,"children":88795},[88796,88797,88798],{"id":88093,"depth":115,"text":87041},{"id":88177,"depth":115,"text":88177},{"id":88188,"depth":115,"text":88188},{"id":88199,"depth":93,"text":88200,"children":88800},[88801,88802,88803,88804],{"id":88206,"depth":115,"text":88209},{"id":88305,"depth":115,"text":88308},{"id":88339,"depth":115,"text":88342},{"id":88422,"depth":115,"text":88425},{"id":88439,"depth":93,"text":88440},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":88808},[88809,88810,88811,88813,88814],{"id":88689,"depth":115,"text":88690},{"id":88696,"depth":115,"text":88697},{"id":88706,"depth":115,"text":88812},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88722,"depth":115,"text":88723},{"id":88729,"depth":115,"text":88730},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86636,"description":88816},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88823,"title":88824,"body":88825,"description":90817,"extension":2083,"meta":90818,"navigation":296,"path":90819,"seo":90820,"stem":90821,"__hash__":90822},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88826,"toc":90764},[88827,88832,88837,88843,88845,88913,88915,88934,88939,88944,88949,88952,88964,88966,89009,89011,89029,89040,89042,89044,89069,89071,89082,89084,89144,89146,89172,89175,89179,89184,89188,89191,89225,89229,89232,89257,89261,89284,89288,89321,89326,89330,89335,89338,89406,89408,89432,89437,89440,89471,89473,89505,89522,89526,89531,89555,89562,89567,89572,89575,89579,89614,89616,89625,89629,89720,89722,89753,89758,89765,89770,89779,89782,89816,89818,89832,89836,89877,89879,89888,89892,89940,89942,89956,89961,89972,89979,89985,89987,90022,90024,90038,90041,90063,90069,90098,90109,90115,90121,90135,90137,90213,90215,90265,90272,90274,90279,90283,90286,90301,90306,90308,90327,90333,90336,90351,90353,90371,90377,90382,90412,90415,90438,90441,90468,90475,90481,90489,90512,90517,90525,90527,90547,90551,90557,90607,90610,90632,90634,90640,90648,90654,90660,90668,90673,90677,90680,90703,90708,90715,90727,90729,90761],[10,88828,13,88830,18],{"id":88829},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88831,46537],{},[20,88833,32413,88834,88836],{},[15,88835,46537],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88838,88839,88840,88842],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88841,46537],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[38,88844,41],{"id":40},[43,88846,88848],{"className":45,"code":88847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88849,88850,88862,88871,88875,88885,88895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88851,88852,88854,88856,88858,88860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88853,7961],{"class":58},[52,88855,63],{"class":62},[52,88857,768],{"class":756},[52,88859,8006],{"class":760},[52,88861,3465],{"class":756},[52,88863,88864,88866,88868],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88865,21723],{"class":58},[52,88867,63],{"class":62},[52,88869,88870],{"class":70}," 12\n",[52,88872,88873],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,88874,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,88876,88877,88879,88881,88883],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,88878,118],{"class":101},[52,88880,105],{"class":66},[52,88882,7751],{"class":108},[52,88884,112],{"class":66},[52,88886,88887,88889,88891,88893],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,88888,118],{"class":101},[52,88890,105],{"class":66},[52,88892,9384],{"class":108},[52,88894,112],{"class":66},[52,88896,88897,88899,88901,88903,88905,88907,88909,88911],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,88898,118],{"class":101},[52,88900,105],{"class":66},[52,88902,757],{"class":756},[52,88904,34965],{"class":760},[52,88906,757],{"class":756},[52,88908,74],{"class":66},[52,88910,36091],{"class":108},[52,88912,112],{"class":66},[20,88914,311],{},[43,88916,88918],{"className":45,"code":88917,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88919,88920,88925,88929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88921,88922],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88923,88924],{"class":58},"Mia\n",[52,88926,88927],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88928,2342],{"class":70},[52,88930,88931],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,88932,88933],{"class":58},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88935,133,88936,88938],{},[15,88937,46537],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[38,88940,140,88942,143],{"id":88941},"what-print-does",[15,88943,46537],{},[20,88945,88946,88948],{},[15,88947,46537],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88950,88951],{},"You can use it to display:",[153,88953,88954,88956,88958,88961],{},[156,88955,34806],{},[156,88957,109],{},[156,88959,88960],{},"variables",[156,88962,88963],{},"expressions",[20,88965,2324],{},[43,88967,88969],{"className":45,"code":88968,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88970,88971,88985,88995],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,88972,88973,88975,88977,88979,88981,88983],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,88974,118],{"class":101},[52,88976,105],{"class":66},[52,88978,757],{"class":756},[52,88980,34965],{"class":760},[52,88982,757],{"class":756},[52,88984,112],{"class":66},[52,88986,88987,88989,88991,88993],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,88988,118],{"class":101},[52,88990,105],{"class":66},[52,88992,265],{"class":70},[52,88994,112],{"class":66},[52,88996,88997,88999,89001,89003,89005,89007],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,88998,118],{"class":101},[52,89000,105],{"class":66},[52,89002,440],{"class":70},[52,89004,2570],{"class":62},[52,89006,82],{"class":70},[52,89008,112],{"class":66},[20,89010,311],{},[43,89012,89014],{"className":45,"code":89013,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,89015,89016,89021,89025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89017,89018],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89019,89020],{"class":58},"Hello\n",[52,89022,89023],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89024,1068],{"class":70},[52,89026,89027],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89028,1068],{"class":70},[20,89030,89031,89032,89034,89035,89039],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,89033,46537],{}," ",[3842,89036,3791,89037],{},[15,89038,3878],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[38,89041,181],{"id":180},[20,89043,30820],{},[43,89045,89047],{"className":45,"code":89046,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,89048,89049],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89050,89051,89053,89055,89058,89060,89063,89065,89067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89052,118],{"class":101},[52,89054,105],{"class":66},[52,89056,89057],{"class":108},"object1",[52,89059,74],{"class":66},[52,89061,89062],{"class":108}," object2",[52,89064,74],{"class":66},[52,89066,34551],{"class":101},[52,89068,112],{"class":66},[20,89070,80276],{},[153,89072,89073,89076,89079],{},[156,89074,89075],{},"one value",[156,89077,89078],{},"many values",[156,89080,89081],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,89083,2324],{},[43,89085,89087],{"className":45,"code":89086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,89088,89089,89103,89122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89090,89091,89093,89095,89097,89099,89101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89092,118],{"class":101},[52,89094,105],{"class":66},[52,89096,757],{"class":756},[52,89098,57848],{"class":760},[52,89100,757],{"class":756},[52,89102,112],{"class":66},[52,89104,89105,89107,89109,89111,89114,89116,89118,89120],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89106,118],{"class":101},[52,89108,105],{"class":66},[52,89110,757],{"class":756},[52,89112,89113],{"class":760},"Score:",[52,89115,757],{"class":756},[52,89117,74],{"class":66},[52,89119,270],{"class":70},[52,89121,112],{"class":66},[52,89123,89124,89126,89128,89130,89132,89134,89136,89138,89140,89142],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89125,118],{"class":101},[52,89127,105],{"class":66},[52,89129,757],{"class":756},[52,89131,45648],{"class":760},[52,89133,757],{"class":756},[52,89135,74],{"class":66},[52,89137,87],{"class":70},[52,89139,2570],{"class":62},[52,89141,619],{"class":70},[52,89143,112],{"class":66},[20,89145,311],{},[43,89147,89149],{"className":45,"code":89148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,89150,89151,89155,89164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89152,89153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89154,85427],{"class":58},[52,89156,89157,89160,89162],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89158,89159],{"class":58},"Score",[52,89161,1772],{"class":66},[52,89163,2701],{"class":70},[52,89165,89166,89168,89170],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89167,45688],{"class":58},[52,89169,1772],{"class":66},[52,89171,2701],{"class":70},[20,89173,89174],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[38,89176,89178],{"id":89177},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,89180,89181,89182,242],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,89183,46537],{},[461,89185,89187],{"id":89186},"print-text","Print text",[20,89189,89190],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[43,89192,89194],{"className":45,"code":89193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,89195,89196,89210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89197,89198,89200,89202,89204,89206,89208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89199,118],{"class":101},[52,89201,105],{"class":66},[52,89203,757],{"class":756},[52,89205,34965],{"class":760},[52,89207,757],{"class":756},[52,89209,112],{"class":66},[52,89211,89212,89214,89216,89218,89221,89223],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89213,118],{"class":101},[52,89215,105],{"class":66},[52,89217,757],{"class":756},[52,89219,89220],{"class":760},"Python is fun",[52,89222,757],{"class":756},[52,89224,112],{"class":66},[461,89226,89228],{"id":89227},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,89230,89231],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[43,89233,89235],{"className":45,"code":89234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,89236,89237,89247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89238,89239,89241,89243,89245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89240,118],{"class":101},[52,89242,105],{"class":66},[52,89244,265],{"class":70},[52,89246,112],{"class":66},[52,89248,89249,89251,89253,89255],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89250,118],{"class":101},[52,89252,105],{"class":66},[52,89254,40235],{"class":70},[52,89256,112],{"class":66},[461,89258,89260],{"id":89259},"print-variables","Print variables",[43,89262,89264],{"className":45,"code":89263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,89265,89266,89274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89267,89268,89270,89272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89269,5189],{"class":58},[52,89271,63],{"class":62},[52,89273,14221],{"class":70},[52,89275,89276,89278,89280,89282],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89277,118],{"class":101},[52,89279,105],{"class":66},[52,89281,85591],{"class":108},[52,89283,112],{"class":66},[461,89285,89287],{"id":89286},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[43,89289,89291],{"className":45,"code":89290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,89292,89293,89307],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89294,89295,89297,89299,89301,89303,89305],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89296,118],{"class":101},[52,89298,105],{"class":66},[52,89300,440],{"class":70},[52,89302,2570],{"class":62},[52,89304,82],{"class":70},[52,89306,112],{"class":66},[52,89308,89309,89311,89313,89315,89317,89319],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89310,118],{"class":101},[52,89312,105],{"class":66},[52,89314,430],{"class":70},[52,89316,82905],{"class":62},[52,89318,87],{"class":70},[52,89320,112],{"class":66},[20,89322,89323,89324,242],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[236,89325,51060],{"href":51059},[38,89327,89329],{"id":89328},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,89331,89332,89334],{},[15,89333,46537],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,89336,89337],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[43,89339,89341],{"className":45,"code":89340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89342,89343,89356,89364,89368,89387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89344,89345,89347,89349,89351,89354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89346,7961],{"class":58},[52,89348,63],{"class":62},[52,89350,768],{"class":756},[52,89352,89353],{"class":760},"Ava",[52,89355,3465],{"class":756},[52,89357,89358,89360,89362],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89359,21723],{"class":58},[52,89361,63],{"class":62},[52,89363,2701],{"class":70},[52,89365,89366],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,89367,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,89369,89370,89372,89374,89376,89379,89381,89383,89385],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,89371,118],{"class":101},[52,89373,105],{"class":66},[52,89375,757],{"class":756},[52,89377,89378],{"class":760},"Name:",[52,89380,757],{"class":756},[52,89382,74],{"class":66},[52,89384,36091],{"class":108},[52,89386,112],{"class":66},[52,89388,89389,89391,89393,89395,89398,89400,89402,89404],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,89390,118],{"class":101},[52,89392,105],{"class":66},[52,89394,757],{"class":756},[52,89396,89397],{"class":760},"Age:",[52,89399,757],{"class":756},[52,89401,74],{"class":66},[52,89403,9273],{"class":108},[52,89405,112],{"class":66},[20,89407,311],{},[43,89409,89411],{"className":45,"code":89410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,89412,89413,89423],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89414,89415,89418,89420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89416,89417],{"class":58},"Name",[52,89419,1772],{"class":66},[52,89421,89422],{"class":58}," Ava\n",[52,89424,89425,89428,89430],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89426,89427],{"class":58},"Age",[52,89429,1772],{"class":66},[52,89431,2701],{"class":70},[20,89433,89434,89435,242],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,89436,2179],{},[20,89438,89439],{},"For example, this works:",[43,89441,89443],{"className":45,"code":89442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89444,89445,89453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89446,89447,89449,89451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89448,21723],{"class":58},[52,89450,63],{"class":62},[52,89452,2701],{"class":70},[52,89454,89455,89457,89459,89461,89463,89465,89467,89469],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89456,118],{"class":101},[52,89458,105],{"class":66},[52,89460,757],{"class":756},[52,89462,89397],{"class":760},[52,89464,757],{"class":756},[52,89466,74],{"class":66},[52,89468,9273],{"class":108},[52,89470,112],{"class":66},[20,89472,37020],{},[43,89474,89476],{"className":45,"code":89475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,89477,89478,89486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89479,89480,89482,89484],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89481,21723],{"class":58},[52,89483,63],{"class":62},[52,89485,2701],{"class":70},[52,89487,89488,89490,89492,89494,89497,89499,89501,89503],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89489,118],{"class":101},[52,89491,105],{"class":66},[52,89493,757],{"class":756},[52,89495,89496],{"class":760},"Age: ",[52,89498,757],{"class":756},[52,89500,2570],{"class":62},[52,89502,9273],{"class":108},[52,89504,112],{"class":66},[20,89506,89507,89508,89511,89512,89514,89515,89517,89518,242],{},"That fails because ",[15,89509,89510],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89513,9384],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89516,2179],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[236,89519,89520],{"href":859},[15,89521,862],{},[38,89523,89525],{"id":89524},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89527,89528,89530],{},[15,89529,46537],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[153,89532,89533,89539,89544,89549],{},[156,89534,89535,89538],{},[15,89536,89537],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[156,89540,89541,89543],{},[15,89542,52742],{}," controls what is added after the output",[156,89545,89546,89548],{},[15,89547,86813],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[156,89550,89551,89554],{},[15,89552,89553],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89556,89557,89558,652,89560,242],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89559,89537],{},[15,89561,52742],{},[38,89563,89565,36709],{"id":89564},"sep-argument",[15,89566,89537],{},[20,89568,2100,89569,89571],{},[15,89570,89537],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89573,89574],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[461,89576,89578],{"id":89577},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[43,89580,89582],{"className":45,"code":89581,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89583,89584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89585,89586,89588,89590,89592,89594,89596,89598,89600,89602,89604,89606,89608,89610,89612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89587,118],{"class":101},[52,89589,105],{"class":66},[52,89591,757],{"class":756},[52,89593,13182],{"class":760},[52,89595,757],{"class":756},[52,89597,74],{"class":66},[52,89599,768],{"class":756},[52,89601,17549],{"class":760},[52,89603,757],{"class":756},[52,89605,74],{"class":66},[52,89607,768],{"class":756},[52,89609,13199],{"class":760},[52,89611,757],{"class":756},[52,89613,112],{"class":66},[20,89615,311],{},[43,89617,89619],{"className":45,"code":89618,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red green blue\n",[15,89620,89621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89622,89623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89624,89618],{"class":58},[461,89626,89628],{"id":89627},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[43,89630,89632],{"className":45,"code":89631,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89633,89634,89677],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89635,89636,89638,89640,89642,89644,89646,89648,89650,89652,89654,89656,89658,89660,89662,89664,89667,89669,89671,89673,89675],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89637,118],{"class":101},[52,89639,105],{"class":66},[52,89641,757],{"class":756},[52,89643,13182],{"class":760},[52,89645,757],{"class":756},[52,89647,74],{"class":66},[52,89649,768],{"class":756},[52,89651,17549],{"class":760},[52,89653,757],{"class":756},[52,89655,74],{"class":66},[52,89657,768],{"class":756},[52,89659,13199],{"class":760},[52,89661,757],{"class":756},[52,89663,74],{"class":66},[52,89665,89666],{"class":201}," sep",[52,89668,63],{"class":62},[52,89670,757],{"class":756},[52,89672,74],{"class":760},[52,89674,757],{"class":756},[52,89676,112],{"class":66},[52,89678,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691,89693,89695,89697,89699,89701,89703,89705,89707,89709,89711,89713,89716,89718],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89680,118],{"class":101},[52,89682,105],{"class":66},[52,89684,757],{"class":756},[52,89686,13182],{"class":760},[52,89688,757],{"class":756},[52,89690,74],{"class":66},[52,89692,768],{"class":756},[52,89694,17549],{"class":760},[52,89696,757],{"class":756},[52,89698,74],{"class":66},[52,89700,768],{"class":756},[52,89702,13199],{"class":760},[52,89704,757],{"class":756},[52,89706,74],{"class":66},[52,89708,89666],{"class":201},[52,89710,63],{"class":62},[52,89712,757],{"class":756},[52,89714,89715],{"class":760}," - ",[52,89717,757],{"class":756},[52,89719,112],{"class":66},[20,89721,311],{},[43,89723,89725],{"className":45,"code":89724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89726,89727,89739],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89728,89729,89731,89733,89735,89737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89730,13182],{"class":58},[52,89732,74],{"class":66},[52,89734,17549],{"class":58},[52,89736,74],{"class":66},[52,89738,70055],{"class":58},[52,89740,89741,89744,89746,89749,89751],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89742,89743],{"class":58},"red ",[52,89745,2142],{"class":62},[52,89747,89748],{"class":58}," green ",[52,89750,2142],{"class":62},[52,89752,35980],{"class":58},[20,89754,89755,89757],{},[15,89756,89537],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89759,89760,89761,242],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[236,89762,89764],{"href":89763},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[38,89766,89768,36709],{"id":89767},"end-argument",[15,89769,52742],{},[20,89771,89772,89773,89775,89776,89778],{},"By default, ",[15,89774,46537],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89777,46537],{}," starts on a new line.",[461,89780,89578],{"id":89781},"default-behavior-1",[43,89783,89785],{"className":45,"code":89784,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89786,89787,89801],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89788,89789,89791,89793,89795,89797,89799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89790,118],{"class":101},[52,89792,105],{"class":66},[52,89794,757],{"class":756},[52,89796,34965],{"class":760},[52,89798,757],{"class":756},[52,89800,112],{"class":66},[52,89802,89803,89805,89807,89809,89812,89814],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89804,118],{"class":101},[52,89806,105],{"class":66},[52,89808,757],{"class":756},[52,89810,89811],{"class":760},"World",[52,89813,757],{"class":756},[52,89815,112],{"class":66},[20,89817,311],{},[43,89819,89821],{"className":45,"code":89820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89822,89823,89827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89824,89825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89826,89020],{"class":58},[52,89828,89829],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89830,89831],{"class":58},"World\n",[461,89833,89835],{"id":89834},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[43,89837,89839],{"className":45,"code":89838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89840,89841,89863],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89842,89843,89845,89847,89849,89851,89853,89855,89857,89859,89861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89844,118],{"class":101},[52,89846,105],{"class":66},[52,89848,757],{"class":756},[52,89850,34965],{"class":760},[52,89852,757],{"class":756},[52,89854,74],{"class":66},[52,89856,65116],{"class":201},[52,89858,63],{"class":62},[52,89860,831],{"class":756},[52,89862,112],{"class":66},[52,89864,89865,89867,89869,89871,89873,89875],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89866,118],{"class":101},[52,89868,105],{"class":66},[52,89870,757],{"class":756},[52,89872,89811],{"class":760},[52,89874,757],{"class":756},[52,89876,112],{"class":66},[20,89878,311],{},[43,89880,89882],{"className":45,"code":89881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89883,89884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89885,89886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89887,89881],{"class":58},[461,89889,89891],{"id":89890},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[43,89893,89895],{"className":45,"code":89894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89896,89897,89926],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89898,89899,89901,89903,89905,89907,89909,89911,89913,89915,89917,89920,89922,89924],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89900,118],{"class":101},[52,89902,105],{"class":66},[52,89904,757],{"class":756},[52,89906,34965],{"class":760},[52,89908,757],{"class":756},[52,89910,74],{"class":66},[52,89912,65116],{"class":201},[52,89914,63],{"class":62},[52,89916,757],{"class":756},[52,89918,89919],{"class":760},"!",[52,89921,87224],{"class":34550},[52,89923,757],{"class":756},[52,89925,112],{"class":66},[52,89927,89928,89930,89932,89934,89936,89938],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89929,118],{"class":101},[52,89931,105],{"class":66},[52,89933,757],{"class":756},[52,89935,89811],{"class":760},[52,89937,757],{"class":756},[52,89939,112],{"class":66},[20,89941,311],{},[43,89943,89945],{"className":45,"code":89944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89946,89947,89952],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89948,89949],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89950,89951],{"class":58},"Hello!\n",[52,89953,89954],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,89955,89831],{"class":58},[20,89957,2100,89958,89960],{},[15,89959,52742],{}," argument is useful for:",[153,89962,89963,89966,89969],{},[156,89964,89965],{},"progress messages",[156,89967,89968],{},"inline output",[156,89970,89971],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[38,89973,89975,2514,89977],{"id":89974},"print-returns-none",[15,89976,46537],{},[15,89978,3878],{},[20,89980,89981,89982,89984],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89983,46537],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89986,2324],{},[43,89988,89990],{"className":45,"code":89989,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89991,89992,90012],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,89993,89994,89996,89998,90001,90003,90005,90008,90010],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,89995,2347],{"class":58},[52,89997,63],{"class":62},[52,89999,90000],{"class":101}," print",[52,90002,105],{"class":66},[52,90004,757],{"class":756},[52,90006,90007],{"class":760},"Hi",[52,90009,757],{"class":756},[52,90011,112],{"class":66},[52,90013,90014,90016,90018,90020],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90015,118],{"class":101},[52,90017,105],{"class":66},[52,90019,2382],{"class":108},[52,90021,112],{"class":66},[20,90023,311],{},[43,90025,90027],{"className":45,"code":90026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,90028,90029,90034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90030,90031],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90032,90033],{"class":58},"Hi\n",[52,90035,90036],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90037,11895],{"class":674},[20,90039,90040],{},"Why does this happen?",[153,90042,90043,90051,90056],{},[156,90044,90045,90048,90049],{},[15,90046,90047],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,90050,90007],{},[156,90052,90053,90054],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,90055,3878],{},[156,90057,90058,90059,12007,90061],{},"so ",[15,90060,2382],{},[15,90062,3878],{},[20,90064,90065,90066,90068],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,90067,46537],{}," call.",[43,90070,90072],{"className":45,"code":90071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,90073,90074,90087],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90075,90076,90079,90081,90083,90085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90077,90078],{"class":58},"message ",[52,90080,63],{"class":62},[52,90082,768],{"class":756},[52,90084,90007],{"class":760},[52,90086,3465],{"class":756},[52,90088,90089,90091,90093,90096],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90090,118],{"class":101},[52,90092,105],{"class":66},[52,90094,90095],{"class":108},"message",[52,90097,112],{"class":66},[20,90099,90100,90101,90103,90104,90108],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,90102,46537],{}," with functions like ",[236,90105,90106],{"href":8305},[15,90107,3067],{},", which do return a value.",[38,90110,90112,90113],{"id":90111},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,90114,46537],{},[20,90116,90117,90118,90120],{},"Beginners use ",[15,90119,46537],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[153,90122,90123,90126,90129,90132],{},[156,90124,90125],{},"to display results to the user",[156,90127,90128],{},"to show messages in a script",[156,90130,90131],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[156,90133,90134],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,90136,2324],{},[43,90138,90140],{"className":45,"code":90139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,90141,90142,90150,90154,90174,90182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90143,90144,90146,90148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90145,96],{"class":58},[52,90147,63],{"class":62},[52,90149,1669],{"class":70},[52,90151,90152],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90153,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,90155,90156,90158,90160,90162,90164,90166,90168,90170,90172],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,90157,1678],{"class":1195},[52,90159,1681],{"class":58},[52,90161,1202],{"class":1195},[52,90163,54151],{"class":101},[52,90165,105],{"class":66},[52,90167,71],{"class":70},[52,90169,74],{"class":66},[52,90171,87],{"class":70},[52,90173,8428],{"class":66},[52,90175,90176,90178,90180],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,90177,1695],{"class":58},[52,90179,1698],{"class":62},[52,90181,1701],{"class":58},[52,90183,90184,90186,90188,90190,90193,90195,90197,90199,90201,90203,90205,90207,90209,90211],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,90185,8154],{"class":101},[52,90187,105],{"class":66},[52,90189,757],{"class":756},[52,90191,90192],{"class":760},"Current number:",[52,90194,757],{"class":756},[52,90196,74],{"class":66},[52,90198,2313],{"class":108},[52,90200,74],{"class":66},[52,90202,768],{"class":756},[52,90204,45648],{"class":760},[52,90206,757],{"class":756},[52,90208,74],{"class":66},[52,90210,45655],{"class":108},[52,90212,112],{"class":66},[20,90214,311],{},[43,90216,90218],{"className":45,"code":90217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,90219,90220,90236,90250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90221,90222,90225,90227,90229,90232,90234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90223,90224],{"class":58},"Current number",[52,90226,1772],{"class":66},[52,90228,5586],{"class":70},[52,90230,90231],{"class":58}," Total",[52,90233,1772],{"class":66},[52,90235,29710],{"class":70},[52,90237,90238,90240,90242,90244,90246,90248],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90239,90224],{"class":58},[52,90241,1772],{"class":66},[52,90243,77],{"class":70},[52,90245,90231],{"class":58},[52,90247,1772],{"class":66},[52,90249,2691],{"class":70},[52,90251,90252,90254,90256,90258,90260,90262],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,90253,90224],{"class":58},[52,90255,1772],{"class":66},[52,90257,82],{"class":70},[52,90259,90231],{"class":58},[52,90261,1772],{"class":66},[52,90263,90264],{"class":70}," 6\n",[20,90266,90267,90268,242],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[236,90269,90271],{"href":90270},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[38,90273,1766],{"id":1765},[20,90275,90276,90277,242],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,90278,46537],{},[461,90280,90282],{"id":90281},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,90284,90285],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[43,90287,90289],{"className":45,"code":90288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(Hello)\n",[15,90290,90291],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90292,90293,90295,90297,90299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90294,118],{"class":101},[52,90296,105],{"class":66},[52,90298,34965],{"class":108},[52,90300,112],{"class":66},[20,90302,1800,90303,90305],{},[15,90304,34965],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,90307,10895],{},[43,90309,90311],{"className":45,"code":90310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90312,90313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90314,90315,90317,90319,90321,90323,90325],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90316,118],{"class":101},[52,90318,105],{"class":66},[52,90320,757],{"class":756},[52,90322,34965],{"class":760},[52,90324,757],{"class":756},[52,90326,112],{"class":66},[461,90328,1372,90330,90332],{"id":90329},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,90331,118],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,90334,90335],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[43,90337,90339],{"className":45,"code":90338,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,90340,90341],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90342,90343,90345,90347,90349],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90344,118],{"class":101},[52,90346,768],{"class":756},[52,90348,34965],{"class":760},[52,90350,3465],{"class":756},[20,90352,10895],{},[43,90354,90355],{"className":45,"code":90310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90356,90357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90358,90359,90361,90363,90365,90367,90369],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90360,118],{"class":101},[52,90362,105],{"class":66},[52,90364,757],{"class":756},[52,90366,34965],{"class":760},[52,90368,757],{"class":756},[52,90370,112],{"class":66},[461,90372,90374,90375],{"id":90373},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,90376,2179],{},[20,90378,90379,90380,242],{},"This causes a ",[15,90381,1979],{},[43,90383,90384],{"className":45,"code":89475,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,90385,90386,90394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90387,90388,90390,90392],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90389,21723],{"class":58},[52,90391,63],{"class":62},[52,90393,2701],{"class":70},[52,90395,90396,90398,90400,90402,90404,90406,90408,90410],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90397,118],{"class":101},[52,90399,105],{"class":66},[52,90401,757],{"class":756},[52,90403,89496],{"class":760},[52,90405,757],{"class":756},[52,90407,2570],{"class":62},[52,90409,9273],{"class":108},[52,90411,112],{"class":66},[20,90413,90414],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[43,90416,90418],{"className":45,"code":90417,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,90419,90420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90421,90422,90424,90426,90428,90430,90432,90434,90436],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90423,118],{"class":101},[52,90425,105],{"class":66},[52,90427,757],{"class":756},[52,90429,89397],{"class":760},[52,90431,757],{"class":756},[52,90433,74],{"class":66},[52,90435,9273],{"class":108},[52,90437,112],{"class":66},[20,90439,90440],{},"Or convert the number first:",[43,90442,90444],{"className":45,"code":90443,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,90445,90446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90447,90448,90450,90452,90454,90456,90458,90460,90462,90464,90466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90449,118],{"class":101},[52,90451,105],{"class":66},[52,90453,757],{"class":756},[52,90455,89496],{"class":760},[52,90457,757],{"class":756},[52,90459,2570],{"class":62},[52,90461,48987],{"class":1184},[52,90463,105],{"class":66},[52,90465,9384],{"class":108},[52,90467,510],{"class":66},[20,90469,90470,90471,242],{},"If you see this error, read ",[236,90472,90474],{"href":90473},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[461,90476,8538,90478,90480],{"id":90477},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90479,46537],{}," to return a value",[20,90482,90483,90484,35428,90487,1772],{},"This does not store ",[15,90485,90486],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90488,2382],{},[43,90490,90492],{"className":45,"code":90491,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90493,90494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90495,90496,90498,90500,90502,90504,90506,90508,90510],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90497,2347],{"class":58},[52,90499,63],{"class":62},[52,90501,90000],{"class":101},[52,90503,105],{"class":66},[52,90505,757],{"class":756},[52,90507,34965],{"class":760},[52,90509,757],{"class":756},[52,90511,112],{"class":66},[20,90513,90514,90515,242],{},"It stores ",[15,90516,3878],{},[461,90518,90520,90521,652,90523],{"id":90519},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90522,89537],{},[15,90524,52742],{},[20,90526,85883],{},[153,90528,90529,90538],{},[156,90530,90531,90533,90534,90537],{},[15,90532,89537],{}," changes what goes ",[3842,90535,90536],{},"between"," multiple values",[156,90539,90540,90542,90543,90546],{},[15,90541,52742],{}," changes what appears ",[3842,90544,90545],{},"after"," the output",[38,90548,90550],{"id":90549},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90552,90553,90554,90556],{},"These simple ",[15,90555,46537],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[43,90558,90560],{"className":45,"code":90559,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90561,90562,90582,90597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90563,90564,90566,90568,90570,90573,90575,90577,90580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90565,118],{"class":101},[52,90567,105],{"class":66},[52,90569,757],{"class":756},[52,90571,90572],{"class":760},"Debug:",[52,90574,757],{"class":756},[52,90576,74],{"class":66},[52,90578,90579],{"class":108}," variable_name",[52,90581,112],{"class":66},[52,90583,90584,90586,90588,90590,90592,90595],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90585,118],{"class":101},[52,90587,105],{"class":66},[52,90589,1827],{"class":1184},[52,90591,105],{"class":66},[52,90593,90594],{"class":108},"variable_name",[52,90596,510],{"class":66},[52,90598,90599,90601,90603,90605],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,90600,32248],{"class":101},[52,90602,105],{"class":66},[52,90604,118],{"class":101},[52,90606,112],{"class":66},[20,90608,90609],{},"What they do:",[153,90611,90612,90618,90624],{},[156,90613,90614,90617],{},[15,90615,90616],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[156,90619,90620,90623],{},[15,90621,90622],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[156,90625,90626,90629,90630],{},[15,90627,90628],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90631,46537],{},[38,90633,1919],{"id":1918},[461,90635,12792,90637,90639],{"id":90636},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90638,46537],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90641,90642,90643,90645,90646,36715],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90644,46537],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90647,52742],{},[461,90649,1933,90651,90653],{"id":90650},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90652,46537],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90655,90656,90657,90659],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90658,46537],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[461,90661,1973,90663,5252,90666,1963],{"id":90662},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90664,90665],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90667,3878],{},[20,90669,29156,90670,90672],{},[15,90671,46537],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[461,90674,90676],{"id":90675},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90678,90679],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[43,90681,90683],{"className":45,"code":90682,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90684,90685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90686,90687,90689,90691,90693,90695,90697,90699,90701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90688,118],{"class":101},[52,90690,105],{"class":66},[52,90692,757],{"class":756},[52,90694,89397],{"class":760},[52,90696,757],{"class":756},[52,90698,74],{"class":66},[52,90700,270],{"class":70},[52,90702,112],{"class":66},[20,90704,90705,90706,40022],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90707,862],{},[461,90709,5270,90711,652,90713,1963],{"id":90710},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90712,89537],{},[15,90714,52742],{},[153,90716,90717,90722],{},[156,90718,90719,90721],{},[15,90720,89537],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[156,90723,90724,90726],{},[15,90725,52742],{}," changes what appears after the output",[38,90728,1986],{"id":1985},[153,90730,90731,90735,90741,90747,90752,90757],{},[156,90732,90733],{},[236,90734,51060],{"href":51059},[156,90736,90737],{},[236,90738,13,90739,1999],{"href":8305},[15,90740,3067],{},[156,90742,90743],{},[236,90744,13,90745,1999],{"href":859},[15,90746,862],{},[156,90748,90749],{},[236,90750,90751],{"href":89763},"How to format strings in Python",[156,90753,90754],{},[236,90755,90756],{"href":90270},"How to debug Python code",[156,90758,90759],{},[236,90760,90474],{"href":90473},[2029,90762,90763],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":90765},[90766,90767,90769,90770,90776,90777,90778,90783,90789,90791,90793,90804,90805,90816],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":88941,"depth":93,"text":90768},"What print() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":89177,"depth":93,"text":89178,"children":90771},[90772,90773,90774,90775],{"id":89186,"depth":115,"text":89187},{"id":89227,"depth":115,"text":89228},{"id":89259,"depth":115,"text":89260},{"id":89286,"depth":115,"text":89287},{"id":89328,"depth":93,"text":89329},{"id":89524,"depth":93,"text":89525},{"id":89564,"depth":93,"text":90779,"children":90780},"sep argument",[90781,90782],{"id":89577,"depth":115,"text":89578},{"id":89627,"depth":115,"text":89628},{"id":89767,"depth":93,"text":90784,"children":90785},"end argument",[90786,90787,90788],{"id":89781,"depth":115,"text":89578},{"id":89834,"depth":115,"text":89835},{"id":89890,"depth":115,"text":89891},{"id":89974,"depth":93,"text":90790},"print() returns None",{"id":90111,"depth":93,"text":90792},"When beginners use print()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":90794},[90795,90796,90798,90800,90802],{"id":90281,"depth":115,"text":90282},{"id":90329,"depth":115,"text":90797},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":90373,"depth":115,"text":90799},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":90477,"depth":115,"text":90801},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90519,"depth":115,"text":90803},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90549,"depth":93,"text":90550},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":90806},[90807,90809,90811,90813,90814],{"id":90636,"depth":115,"text":90808},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90650,"depth":115,"text":90810},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90662,"depth":115,"text":90812},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90675,"depth":115,"text":90676},{"id":90710,"depth":115,"text":90815},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88824,"description":90817},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90824,"title":90825,"body":90826,"description":93130,"extension":2083,"meta":93131,"navigation":296,"path":93132,"seo":93133,"stem":93134,"__hash__":93135},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90827,"toc":93076},[90828,90833,90838,90851,90853,90918,90929,90934,90939,90941,90964,90967,90998,91000,91017,91022,91028,91033,91082,91085,91102,91108,91113,91136,91138,91166,91172,91180,91207,91209,91234,91240,91243,91274,91276,91305,91309,91312,91317,91339,91341,91369,91375,91381,91407,91409,91433,91439,91445,91475,91477,91505,91515,91519,91525,91558,91560,91589,91592,91595,91628,91630,91638,91644,91646,91669,91674,91683,91688,91702,91704,91744,91746,91776,91780,91815,91821,91825,91869,91871,91901,91907,91910,91989,91991,92013,92021,92024,92087,92095,92170,92176,92183,92188,92193,92216,92218,92239,92241,92254,92256,92303,92305,92344,92353,92355,92359,92363,92366,92393,92396,92425,92428,92452,92455,92463,92469,92491,92493,92521,92525,92530,92585,92590,92592,92649,92656,92665,92668,92700,92702,92710,92713,92719,92721,92744,92747,92753,92756,92775,92777,92796,92799,92821,92823,92851,92855,92859,92964,92966,92979,92981,92987,92990,92998,93003,93009,93015,93020,93028,93034,93041,93043,93073],[10,90829,13,90831,18],{"id":90830},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90832,167],{},[20,90834,32413,90835,90837],{},[15,90836,167],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90839,90840,90841,90843,90844,90846,90847,90850],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90842,1678],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90845,167],{}," stops ",[3842,90848,90849],{},"before"," the end value.",[38,90852,41],{"id":40},[43,90854,90856],{"className":45,"code":90855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90857,90858,90874,90884,90888,90893,90898,90903,90908,90913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90859,90860,90862,90864,90866,90868,90870,90872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90861,1678],{"class":1195},[52,90863,69623],{"class":58},[52,90865,1202],{"class":1195},[52,90867,54151],{"class":101},[52,90869,105],{"class":66},[52,90871,265],{"class":70},[52,90873,8428],{"class":66},[52,90875,90876,90878,90880,90882],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90877,8154],{"class":101},[52,90879,105],{"class":66},[52,90881,36250],{"class":108},[52,90883,112],{"class":66},[52,90885,90886],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,90887,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,90889,90890],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,90891,90892],{"class":129},"# Output:\n",[52,90894,90895],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,90896,90897],{"class":129},"# 0\n",[52,90899,90900],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,90901,90902],{"class":129},"# 1\n",[52,90904,90905],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,90906,90907],{"class":129},"# 2\n",[52,90909,90910],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,90911,90912],{"class":129},"# 3\n",[52,90914,90915],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,90916,90917],{"class":129},"# 4\n",[20,90919,90920,90923,90924,90926,90927,242],{},[15,90921,90922],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90925,207],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90928,265],{},[38,90930,140,90932,143],{"id":90931},"what-range-does",[15,90933,167],{},[20,90935,90936,90938],{},[15,90937,167],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90940,13141],{},[153,90942,90943,90948,90954,90959],{},[156,90944,90945,90947],{},[15,90946,167],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[156,90949,90950,90951,90953],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90952,1678],{}," loops",[156,90955,90956,90957],{},"The stop value is ",[3842,90958,65145],{},[156,90960,17515,90961,90963],{},[15,90962,28],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90965,90966],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[43,90968,90970],{"className":45,"code":90969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90971,90972,90988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,90973,90974,90976,90978,90980,90982,90984,90986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,90975,1678],{"class":1195},[52,90977,1681],{"class":58},[52,90979,1202],{"class":1195},[52,90981,54151],{"class":101},[52,90983,105],{"class":66},[52,90985,445],{"class":70},[52,90987,8428],{"class":66},[52,90989,90990,90992,90994,90996],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,90991,8154],{"class":101},[52,90993,105],{"class":66},[52,90995,2357],{"class":108},[52,90997,112],{"class":66},[20,90999,311],{},[43,91001,91003],{"className":45,"code":91002,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,91004,91005,91009,91013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91006,91007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91008,47335],{"class":70},[52,91010,91011],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,91012,47001],{"class":70},[52,91014,91015],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91016,17149],{"class":70},[20,91018,91019,91020,242],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[236,91021,36128],{"href":36127},[38,91023,91025,91027],{"id":91024},"range-syntax",[15,91026,167],{}," syntax",[20,91029,91030,91032],{},[15,91031,167],{}," has three common forms:",[43,91034,91036],{"className":45,"code":91035,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,91037,91038,91048,91063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91039,91040,91042,91044,91046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91041,28],{"class":101},[52,91043,105],{"class":66},[52,91045,75500],{"class":108},[52,91047,112],{"class":66},[52,91049,91050,91052,91054,91056,91058,91061],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,91051,28],{"class":101},[52,91053,105],{"class":66},[52,91055,35],{"class":108},[52,91057,74],{"class":66},[52,91059,91060],{"class":108}," stop",[52,91062,112],{"class":66},[52,91064,91065,91067,91069,91071,91073,91075,91077,91080],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91066,28],{"class":101},[52,91068,105],{"class":66},[52,91070,35],{"class":108},[52,91072,74],{"class":66},[52,91074,91060],{"class":108},[52,91076,74],{"class":66},[52,91078,91079],{"class":108}," step",[52,91081,112],{"class":66},[20,91083,91084],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[153,91086,91087,91092,91097],{},[156,91088,91089,91091],{},[15,91090,35],{}," = first number",[156,91093,91094,91096],{},[15,91095,75500],{}," = end limit, not included",[156,91098,91099,91101],{},[15,91100,75503],{}," = amount to move each time",[461,91103,91105],{"id":91104},"rangestop",[15,91106,91107],{},"range(stop)",[20,91109,91110,91111,242],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,91112,207],{},[43,91114,91116],{"className":45,"code":91115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,91117,91118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91119,91120,91122,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132,91134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91121,118],{"class":101},[52,91123,105],{"class":66},[52,91125,8179],{"class":1184},[52,91127,105],{"class":66},[52,91129,28],{"class":101},[52,91131,105],{"class":66},[52,91133,265],{"class":70},[52,91135,622],{"class":66},[20,91137,311],{},[43,91139,91140],{"className":45,"code":60101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91141,91142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91143,91144,91146,91148,91150,91152,91154,91156,91158,91160,91162,91164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91145,3994],{"class":66},[52,91147,207],{"class":70},[52,91149,74],{"class":66},[52,91151,5586],{"class":70},[52,91153,74],{"class":66},[52,91155,77],{"class":70},[52,91157,74],{"class":66},[52,91159,82],{"class":70},[52,91161,74],{"class":66},[52,91163,87],{"class":70},[52,91165,90],{"class":66},[461,91167,91169],{"id":91168},"rangestart-stop",[15,91170,91171],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,91173,91174,91175,91177,91178,242],{},"This starts at ",[15,91176,35],{}," and stops before ",[15,91179,75500],{},[43,91181,91183],{"className":45,"code":91182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,91184,91185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91186,91187,91189,91191,91193,91195,91197,91199,91201,91203,91205],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91188,118],{"class":101},[52,91190,105],{"class":66},[52,91192,8179],{"class":1184},[52,91194,105],{"class":66},[52,91196,28],{"class":101},[52,91198,105],{"class":66},[52,91200,440],{"class":70},[52,91202,74],{"class":66},[52,91204,619],{"class":70},[52,91206,622],{"class":66},[20,91208,311],{},[43,91210,91212],{"className":45,"code":91211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91213,91214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91215,91216,91218,91220,91222,91224,91226,91228,91230,91232],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91217,3994],{"class":66},[52,91219,440],{"class":70},[52,91221,74],{"class":66},[52,91223,82],{"class":70},[52,91225,74],{"class":66},[52,91227,87],{"class":70},[52,91229,74],{"class":66},[52,91231,4696],{"class":70},[52,91233,90],{"class":66},[461,91235,91237],{"id":91236},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,91238,91239],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,91241,91242],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[43,91244,91246],{"className":45,"code":91245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,91247,91248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91249,91250,91252,91254,91256,91258,91260,91262,91264,91266,91268,91270,91272],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91251,118],{"class":101},[52,91253,105],{"class":66},[52,91255,8179],{"class":1184},[52,91257,105],{"class":66},[52,91259,28],{"class":101},[52,91261,105],{"class":66},[52,91263,71],{"class":70},[52,91265,74],{"class":66},[52,91267,270],{"class":70},[52,91269,74],{"class":66},[52,91271,77],{"class":70},[52,91273,622],{"class":66},[20,91275,311],{},[43,91277,91279],{"className":45,"code":91278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,91280,91281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91282,91283,91285,91287,91289,91291,91293,91295,91297,91299,91301,91303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91284,3994],{"class":66},[52,91286,71],{"class":70},[52,91288,74],{"class":66},[52,91290,82],{"class":70},[52,91292,74],{"class":66},[52,91294,4696],{"class":70},[52,91296,74],{"class":66},[52,91298,1600],{"class":70},[52,91300,74],{"class":66},[52,91302,1605],{"class":70},[52,91304,90],{"class":66},[38,91306,91308],{"id":91307},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,91310,91311],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[461,91313,91315],{"id":91314},"range5",[15,91316,90922],{},[43,91318,91319],{"className":45,"code":91115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91320,91321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91322,91323,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335,91337],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91324,118],{"class":101},[52,91326,105],{"class":66},[52,91328,8179],{"class":1184},[52,91330,105],{"class":66},[52,91332,28],{"class":101},[52,91334,105],{"class":66},[52,91336,265],{"class":70},[52,91338,622],{"class":66},[20,91340,311],{},[43,91342,91343],{"className":45,"code":60101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91344,91345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91346,91347,91349,91351,91353,91355,91357,91359,91361,91363,91365,91367],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91348,3994],{"class":66},[52,91350,207],{"class":70},[52,91352,74],{"class":66},[52,91354,5586],{"class":70},[52,91356,74],{"class":66},[52,91358,77],{"class":70},[52,91360,74],{"class":66},[52,91362,82],{"class":70},[52,91364,74],{"class":66},[52,91366,87],{"class":70},[52,91368,90],{"class":66},[20,91370,91174,91371,91177,91373,242],{},[15,91372,207],{},[15,91374,265],{},[461,91376,91378],{"id":91377},"range2-6",[15,91379,91380],{},"range(2, 6)",[43,91382,91383],{"className":45,"code":91182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91384,91385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91386,91387,91389,91391,91393,91395,91397,91399,91401,91403,91405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91388,118],{"class":101},[52,91390,105],{"class":66},[52,91392,8179],{"class":1184},[52,91394,105],{"class":66},[52,91396,28],{"class":101},[52,91398,105],{"class":66},[52,91400,440],{"class":70},[52,91402,74],{"class":66},[52,91404,619],{"class":70},[52,91406,622],{"class":66},[20,91408,311],{},[43,91410,91411],{"className":45,"code":91211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91412,91413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91414,91415,91417,91419,91421,91423,91425,91427,91429,91431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91416,3994],{"class":66},[52,91418,440],{"class":70},[52,91420,74],{"class":66},[52,91422,82],{"class":70},[52,91424,74],{"class":66},[52,91426,87],{"class":70},[52,91428,74],{"class":66},[52,91430,4696],{"class":70},[52,91432,90],{"class":66},[20,91434,91174,91435,91177,91437,242],{},[15,91436,440],{},[15,91438,80667],{},[461,91440,91442],{"id":91441},"range1-10-2",[15,91443,91444],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[43,91446,91447],{"className":45,"code":91245,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91448,91449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91450,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467,91469,91471,91473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91452,118],{"class":101},[52,91454,105],{"class":66},[52,91456,8179],{"class":1184},[52,91458,105],{"class":66},[52,91460,28],{"class":101},[52,91462,105],{"class":66},[52,91464,71],{"class":70},[52,91466,74],{"class":66},[52,91468,270],{"class":70},[52,91470,74],{"class":66},[52,91472,77],{"class":70},[52,91474,622],{"class":66},[20,91476,311],{},[43,91478,91479],{"className":45,"code":91278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91480,91481],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91482,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491,91493,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91484,3994],{"class":66},[52,91486,71],{"class":70},[52,91488,74],{"class":66},[52,91490,82],{"class":70},[52,91492,74],{"class":66},[52,91494,4696],{"class":70},[52,91496,74],{"class":66},[52,91498,1600],{"class":70},[52,91500,74],{"class":66},[52,91502,1605],{"class":70},[52,91504,90],{"class":66},[20,91506,91507,91508,91510,91511,61377,91513,242],{},"This moves by ",[15,91509,440],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91512,71],{},[15,91514,2262],{},[461,91516,91518],{"id":91517},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91520,91521,91522,91524],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91523,167],{}," count backward.",[43,91526,91528],{"className":45,"code":91527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91529,91530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91531,91532,91534,91536,91538,91540,91542,91544,91546,91548,91550,91552,91554,91556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91533,118],{"class":101},[52,91535,105],{"class":66},[52,91537,8179],{"class":1184},[52,91539,105],{"class":66},[52,91541,28],{"class":101},[52,91543,105],{"class":66},[52,91545,265],{"class":70},[52,91547,74],{"class":66},[52,91549,3933],{"class":70},[52,91551,74],{"class":66},[52,91553,2339],{"class":62},[52,91555,71],{"class":70},[52,91557,622],{"class":66},[20,91559,311],{},[43,91561,91563],{"className":45,"code":91562,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91564,91565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91566,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581,91583,91585,91587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91568,3994],{"class":66},[52,91570,265],{"class":70},[52,91572,74],{"class":66},[52,91574,87],{"class":70},[52,91576,74],{"class":66},[52,91578,82],{"class":70},[52,91580,74],{"class":66},[52,91582,77],{"class":70},[52,91584,74],{"class":66},[52,91586,5586],{"class":70},[52,91588,90],{"class":66},[20,91590,91591],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91593,91594],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[43,91596,91598],{"className":45,"code":91597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91599,91600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91601,91602,91604,91606,91608,91610,91612,91614,91616,91618,91620,91622,91624,91626],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91603,118],{"class":101},[52,91605,105],{"class":66},[52,91607,8179],{"class":1184},[52,91609,105],{"class":66},[52,91611,28],{"class":101},[52,91613,105],{"class":66},[52,91615,71],{"class":70},[52,91617,74],{"class":66},[52,91619,4696],{"class":70},[52,91621,74],{"class":66},[52,91623,2339],{"class":62},[52,91625,71],{"class":70},[52,91627,622],{"class":66},[20,91629,311],{},[43,91631,91632],{"className":45,"code":38390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91633,91634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91635,91636],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91637,38390],{"class":66},[461,91639,91640,76662,91642],{"id":76886},[15,91641,75503],{},[15,91643,207],{},[20,91645,739],{},[43,91647,91649],{"className":45,"code":91648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91650,91651],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91652,91653,91655,91657,91659,91661,91663,91665,91667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91654,28],{"class":101},[52,91656,105],{"class":66},[52,91658,71],{"class":70},[52,91660,74],{"class":66},[52,91662,4696],{"class":70},[52,91664,74],{"class":66},[52,91666,3933],{"class":70},[52,91668,112],{"class":66},[20,91670,76931,91671,91673],{},[15,91672,40794],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[38,91675,1372,91677,91679,91680,91682],{"id":91676},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91678,167],{}," in a ",[15,91681,1678],{}," loop",[20,91684,91685,91687],{},[15,91686,167],{}," is most useful when:",[153,91689,91690,91693,91696],{},[156,91691,91692],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[156,91694,91695],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[156,91697,91698,91699],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91700,91701],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91703,2324],{},[43,91705,91707],{"className":45,"code":91706,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91708,91709,91725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91710,91711,91713,91715,91717,91719,91721,91723],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91712,1678],{"class":1195},[52,91714,69623],{"class":58},[52,91716,1202],{"class":1195},[52,91718,54151],{"class":101},[52,91720,105],{"class":66},[52,91722,445],{"class":70},[52,91724,8428],{"class":66},[52,91726,91727,91729,91731,91733,91736,91738,91740,91742],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,91728,8154],{"class":101},[52,91730,105],{"class":66},[52,91732,757],{"class":756},[52,91734,91735],{"class":760},"Loop number:",[52,91737,757],{"class":756},[52,91739,74],{"class":66},[52,91741,36226],{"class":108},[52,91743,112],{"class":66},[20,91745,311],{},[43,91747,91749],{"className":45,"code":91748,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91750,91751,91760,91768],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91752,91753,91756,91758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91754,91755],{"class":58},"Loop number",[52,91757,1772],{"class":66},[52,91759,1669],{"class":70},[52,91761,91762,91764,91766],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,91763,91755],{"class":58},[52,91765,1772],{"class":66},[52,91767,29710],{"class":70},[52,91769,91770,91772,91774],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91771,91755],{"class":58},[52,91773,1772],{"class":66},[52,91775,45674],{"class":70},[461,91777,91779],{"id":91778},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[43,91781,91783],{"className":45,"code":91782,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91784,91785,91801],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91786,91787,91789,91791,91793,91795,91797,91799],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91788,1678],{"class":1195},[52,91790,69623],{"class":58},[52,91792,1202],{"class":1195},[52,91794,54151],{"class":101},[52,91796,105],{"class":66},[52,91798,265],{"class":70},[52,91800,8428],{"class":66},[52,91802,91803,91805,91807,91809,91811,91813],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,91804,8154],{"class":101},[52,91806,105],{"class":66},[52,91808,757],{"class":756},[52,91810,34965],{"class":760},[52,91812,757],{"class":756},[52,91814,112],{"class":66},[20,91816,91817,91818,91820],{},"This prints ",[15,91819,90486],{}," five times.",[461,91822,91824],{"id":91823},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[43,91826,91828],{"className":45,"code":91827,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91829,91830,91850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91831,91832,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844,91846,91848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91833,1678],{"class":1195},[52,91835,69623],{"class":58},[52,91837,1202],{"class":1195},[52,91839,54151],{"class":101},[52,91841,105],{"class":66},[52,91843,71],{"class":70},[52,91845,74],{"class":66},[52,91847,87],{"class":70},[52,91849,8428],{"class":66},[52,91851,91852,91854,91856,91858,91861,91863,91865,91867],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,91853,8154],{"class":101},[52,91855,105],{"class":66},[52,91857,757],{"class":756},[52,91859,91860],{"class":760},"Current number is",[52,91862,757],{"class":756},[52,91864,74],{"class":66},[52,91866,36226],{"class":108},[52,91868,112],{"class":66},[20,91870,311],{},[43,91872,91874],{"className":45,"code":91873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91875,91876,91885,91893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91877,91878,91881,91883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91879,91880],{"class":58},"Current number ",[52,91882,12281],{"class":62},[52,91884,29710],{"class":70},[52,91886,91887,91889,91891],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,91888,91880],{"class":58},[52,91890,12281],{"class":62},[52,91892,45674],{"class":70},[52,91894,91895,91897,91899],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91896,91880],{"class":58},[52,91898,12281],{"class":62},[52,91900,2691],{"class":70},[461,91902,91904,91906],{"id":91903},"range-and-indexing",[15,91905,167],{}," and indexing",[20,91908,91909],{},"You may see code like this:",[43,91911,91913],{"className":45,"code":91912,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91914,91915,91947,91951,91971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91916,91917,91919,91921,91923,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91918,7863],{"class":58},[52,91920,63],{"class":62},[52,91922,67],{"class":66},[52,91924,757],{"class":756},[52,91926,236],{"class":760},[52,91928,757],{"class":756},[52,91930,74],{"class":66},[52,91932,768],{"class":756},[52,91934,4853],{"class":760},[52,91936,757],{"class":756},[52,91938,74],{"class":66},[52,91940,768],{"class":756},[52,91942,9825],{"class":760},[52,91944,757],{"class":756},[52,91946,90],{"class":66},[52,91948,91949],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,91950,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,91952,91953,91955,91957,91959,91961,91963,91965,91967,91969],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,91954,1678],{"class":1195},[52,91956,69623],{"class":58},[52,91958,1202],{"class":1195},[52,91960,54151],{"class":101},[52,91962,105],{"class":66},[52,91964,11250],{"class":101},[52,91966,105],{"class":66},[52,91968,7894],{"class":108},[52,91970,69638],{"class":66},[52,91972,91973,91975,91977,91979,91981,91983,91985,91987],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,91974,8154],{"class":101},[52,91976,105],{"class":66},[52,91978,36250],{"class":108},[52,91980,74],{"class":66},[52,91982,6053],{"class":108},[52,91984,3994],{"class":66},[52,91986,36250],{"class":108},[52,91988,1858],{"class":66},[20,91990,311],{},[43,91992,91993],{"className":45,"code":36262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,91994,91995,92001,92007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,91996,91997,91999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,91998,207],{"class":70},[52,92000,36271],{"class":58},[52,92002,92003,92005],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,92004,71],{"class":70},[52,92006,36278],{"class":58},[52,92008,92009,92011],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92010,440],{"class":70},[52,92012,36285],{"class":58},[20,92014,92015,92016,92020],{},"This works, and it uses ",[236,92017,92018],{"href":2004},[15,92019,2007],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,92022,92023],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[43,92025,92027],{"className":45,"code":92026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,92028,92029,92061,92065,92077],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92030,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041,92043,92045,92047,92049,92051,92053,92055,92057,92059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92032,7863],{"class":58},[52,92034,63],{"class":62},[52,92036,67],{"class":66},[52,92038,757],{"class":756},[52,92040,236],{"class":760},[52,92042,757],{"class":756},[52,92044,74],{"class":66},[52,92046,768],{"class":756},[52,92048,4853],{"class":760},[52,92050,757],{"class":756},[52,92052,74],{"class":66},[52,92054,768],{"class":756},[52,92056,9825],{"class":760},[52,92058,757],{"class":756},[52,92060,90],{"class":66},[52,92062,92063],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,92064,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,92066,92067,92069,92071,92073,92075],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92068,1678],{"class":1195},[52,92070,6048],{"class":58},[52,92072,1202],{"class":1195},[52,92074,6053],{"class":58},[52,92076,1689],{"class":66},[52,92078,92079,92081,92083,92085],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,92080,8154],{"class":101},[52,92082,105],{"class":66},[52,92084,23406],{"class":108},[52,92086,112],{"class":66},[20,92088,36687,92089,92094],{},[236,92090,92092],{"href":92091},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,92093,35848],{}," is usually a better choice:",[43,92096,92098],{"className":45,"code":92097,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,92099,92100,92132,92136,92156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92101,92102,92104,92106,92108,92110,92112,92114,92116,92118,92120,92122,92124,92126,92128,92130],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92103,7863],{"class":58},[52,92105,63],{"class":62},[52,92107,67],{"class":66},[52,92109,757],{"class":756},[52,92111,236],{"class":760},[52,92113,757],{"class":756},[52,92115,74],{"class":66},[52,92117,768],{"class":756},[52,92119,4853],{"class":760},[52,92121,757],{"class":756},[52,92123,74],{"class":66},[52,92125,768],{"class":756},[52,92127,9825],{"class":760},[52,92129,757],{"class":756},[52,92131,90],{"class":66},[52,92133,92134],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,92135,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,92137,92138,92140,92142,92144,92146,92148,92150,92152,92154],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92139,1678],{"class":1195},[52,92141,35920],{"class":58},[52,92143,74],{"class":66},[52,92145,6048],{"class":58},[52,92147,1202],{"class":1195},[52,92149,35930],{"class":101},[52,92151,105],{"class":66},[52,92153,7894],{"class":108},[52,92155,8428],{"class":66},[52,92157,92158,92160,92162,92164,92166,92168],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,92159,8154],{"class":101},[52,92161,105],{"class":66},[52,92163,35945],{"class":108},[52,92165,74],{"class":66},[52,92167,29602],{"class":108},[52,92169,112],{"class":66},[20,92171,79191,92172,242],{},[236,92173,36700,92174,36703],{"href":36699},[15,92175,35848],{},[38,92177,92179,92180,92182],{"id":92178},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,92181,167],{}," to a list",[20,92184,92185,92187],{},[15,92186,167],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,92189,92190,92191,1772],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,92192,24875],{},[43,92194,92196],{"className":45,"code":92195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,92197,92198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92199,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212,92214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92201,118],{"class":101},[52,92203,105],{"class":66},[52,92205,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92207,105],{"class":66},[52,92209,28],{"class":101},[52,92211,105],{"class":66},[52,92213,445],{"class":70},[52,92215,622],{"class":66},[20,92217,311],{},[43,92219,92221],{"className":45,"code":92220,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,92222,92223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92224,92225,92227,92229,92231,92233,92235,92237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92226,3994],{"class":66},[52,92228,207],{"class":70},[52,92230,74],{"class":66},[52,92232,5586],{"class":70},[52,92234,74],{"class":66},[52,92236,77],{"class":70},[52,92238,90],{"class":66},[20,92240,33408],{},[153,92242,92243,92248,92251],{},[156,92244,92245,92246,42171],{},"learning how ",[15,92247,167],{},[156,92249,92250],{},"checking your values",[156,92252,92253],{},"debugging code",[20,92255,932],{},[43,92257,92259],{"className":45,"code":92258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,92260,92261,92275,92279,92289],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92262,92263,92265,92267,92269,92271,92273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92264,59],{"class":58},[52,92266,63],{"class":62},[52,92268,54151],{"class":101},[52,92270,105],{"class":66},[52,92272,1595],{"class":70},[52,92274,112],{"class":66},[52,92276,92277],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,92278,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,92280,92281,92283,92285,92287],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92282,118],{"class":101},[52,92284,105],{"class":66},[52,92286,109],{"class":108},[52,92288,112],{"class":66},[52,92290,92291,92293,92295,92297,92299,92301],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,92292,118],{"class":101},[52,92294,105],{"class":66},[52,92296,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92298,105],{"class":66},[52,92300,109],{"class":108},[52,92302,510],{"class":66},[20,92304,311],{},[43,92306,92308],{"className":45,"code":92307,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,92309,92310,92324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92311,92312,92314,92316,92318,92320,92322],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92313,28],{"class":101},[52,92315,105],{"class":66},[52,92317,207],{"class":70},[52,92319,74],{"class":66},[52,92321,87],{"class":70},[52,92323,112],{"class":66},[52,92325,92326,92328,92330,92332,92334,92336,92338,92340,92342],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,92327,3994],{"class":66},[52,92329,207],{"class":70},[52,92331,74],{"class":66},[52,92333,5586],{"class":70},[52,92335,74],{"class":66},[52,92337,77],{"class":70},[52,92339,74],{"class":66},[52,92341,82],{"class":70},[52,92343,90],{"class":66},[20,92345,92346,92347,10672,92349,92352],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,92348,28],{},[15,92350,92351],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[38,92354,4610],{"id":4609},[20,92356,33637,92357,242],{},[15,92358,167],{},[461,92360,92362],{"id":92361},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,92364,92365],{},"Many beginners think this:",[43,92367,92369],{"className":45,"code":92368,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,92370,92371],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92372,92373,92375,92377,92379,92381,92383,92385,92387,92389,92391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92374,118],{"class":101},[52,92376,105],{"class":66},[52,92378,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92380,105],{"class":66},[52,92382,28],{"class":101},[52,92384,105],{"class":66},[52,92386,71],{"class":70},[52,92388,74],{"class":66},[52,92390,4696],{"class":70},[52,92392,622],{"class":66},[20,92394,92395],{},"will produce:",[43,92397,92399],{"className":45,"code":92398,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,92400,92401],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92402,92403,92405,92407,92409,92411,92413,92415,92417,92419,92421,92423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92404,3994],{"class":66},[52,92406,71],{"class":70},[52,92408,74],{"class":66},[52,92410,77],{"class":70},[52,92412,74],{"class":66},[52,92414,82],{"class":70},[52,92416,74],{"class":66},[52,92418,87],{"class":70},[52,92420,74],{"class":66},[52,92422,4696],{"class":70},[52,92424,90],{"class":66},[20,92426,92427],{},"But the real output is:",[43,92429,92430],{"className":45,"code":53586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92431,92432],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92433,92434,92436,92438,92440,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92435,3994],{"class":66},[52,92437,71],{"class":70},[52,92439,74],{"class":66},[52,92441,77],{"class":70},[52,92443,74],{"class":66},[52,92445,82],{"class":70},[52,92447,74],{"class":66},[52,92449,87],{"class":70},[52,92451,90],{"class":66},[20,92453,92454],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[461,92456,4670,92458,92460,92461],{"id":92457},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,92459,90922],{}," starts at ",[15,92462,71],{},[20,92464,37562,92465,19057,92467,242],{},[15,92466,207],{},[15,92468,71],{},[43,92470,92471],{"className":45,"code":91115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92472,92473],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92474,92475,92477,92479,92481,92483,92485,92487,92489],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92476,118],{"class":101},[52,92478,105],{"class":66},[52,92480,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92482,105],{"class":66},[52,92484,28],{"class":101},[52,92486,105],{"class":66},[52,92488,265],{"class":70},[52,92490,622],{"class":66},[20,92492,311],{},[43,92494,92495],{"className":45,"code":60101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92496,92497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92498,92499,92501,92503,92505,92507,92509,92511,92513,92515,92517,92519],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92500,3994],{"class":66},[52,92502,207],{"class":70},[52,92504,74],{"class":66},[52,92506,5586],{"class":70},[52,92508,74],{"class":66},[52,92510,77],{"class":70},[52,92512,74],{"class":66},[52,92514,82],{"class":70},[52,92516,74],{"class":66},[52,92518,87],{"class":70},[52,92520,90],{"class":66},[461,92522,92524],{"id":92523},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92526,92527,92528,1772],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92529,3067],{},[43,92531,92533],{"className":45,"code":92532,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92534,92535,92554,92558,92575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92536,92537,92540,92542,92544,92546,92548,92550,92552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92538,92539],{"class":58},"user_number ",[52,92541,63],{"class":62},[52,92543,8328],{"class":101},[52,92545,105],{"class":66},[52,92547,757],{"class":756},[52,92549,41957],{"class":760},[52,92551,757],{"class":756},[52,92553,112],{"class":66},[52,92555,92556],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,92557,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,92559,92560,92562,92564,92566,92568,92570,92573],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92561,1678],{"class":1195},[52,92563,69623],{"class":58},[52,92565,1202],{"class":1195},[52,92567,54151],{"class":101},[52,92569,105],{"class":66},[52,92571,92572],{"class":108},"user_number",[52,92574,8428],{"class":66},[52,92576,92577,92579,92581,92583],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,92578,8154],{"class":101},[52,92580,105],{"class":66},[52,92582,36250],{"class":108},[52,92584,112],{"class":66},[20,92586,48593,92587,92589],{},[15,92588,3067],{}," returns a string.",[20,92591,10895],{},[43,92593,92595],{"className":45,"code":92594,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92596,92597,92619,92623,92639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92598,92599,92601,92603,92605,92607,92609,92611,92613,92615,92617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92600,92539],{"class":58},[52,92602,63],{"class":62},[52,92604,45361],{"class":1184},[52,92606,105],{"class":66},[52,92608,42546],{"class":101},[52,92610,105],{"class":66},[52,92612,757],{"class":756},[52,92614,41957],{"class":760},[52,92616,757],{"class":756},[52,92618,510],{"class":66},[52,92620,92621],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,92622,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,92624,92625,92627,92629,92631,92633,92635,92637],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92626,1678],{"class":1195},[52,92628,69623],{"class":58},[52,92630,1202],{"class":1195},[52,92632,54151],{"class":101},[52,92634,105],{"class":66},[52,92636,92572],{"class":108},[52,92638,8428],{"class":66},[52,92640,92641,92643,92645,92647],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,92642,8154],{"class":101},[52,92644,105],{"class":66},[52,92646,36250],{"class":108},[52,92648,112],{"class":66},[20,92650,92651,92652,242],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[236,92653,50607,92654],{"href":50606},[15,92655,50610],{},[461,92657,92659,92660,92662,92663],{"id":92658},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92661,35],{}," smaller than ",[15,92664,75500],{},[20,92666,92667],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[43,92669,92670],{"className":45,"code":91597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92671,92672],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92673,92674,92676,92678,92680,92682,92684,92686,92688,92690,92692,92694,92696,92698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92675,118],{"class":101},[52,92677,105],{"class":66},[52,92679,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92681,105],{"class":66},[52,92683,28],{"class":101},[52,92685,105],{"class":66},[52,92687,71],{"class":70},[52,92689,74],{"class":66},[52,92691,4696],{"class":70},[52,92693,74],{"class":66},[52,92695,2339],{"class":62},[52,92697,71],{"class":70},[52,92699,622],{"class":66},[20,92701,311],{},[43,92703,92704],{"className":45,"code":38390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92705,92706],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92707,92708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92709,38390],{"class":66},[20,92711,92712],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[461,92714,25711,92716],{"id":92715},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92717,92718],{},"step = 0",[20,92720,77642],{},[43,92722,92724],{"className":45,"code":92723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92725,92726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92727,92728,92730,92732,92734,92736,92738,92740,92742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92729,28],{"class":101},[52,92731,105],{"class":66},[52,92733,71],{"class":70},[52,92735,74],{"class":66},[52,92737,270],{"class":70},[52,92739,74],{"class":66},[52,92741,3933],{"class":70},[52,92743,112],{"class":66},[20,92745,92746],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[461,92748,4796,92750,92752],{"id":92749},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92751,167],{}," is not a list",[20,92754,92755],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[43,92757,92759],{"className":45,"code":92758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92760,92761],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92762,92763,92765,92767,92769,92771,92773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92764,118],{"class":101},[52,92766,105],{"class":66},[52,92768,28],{"class":101},[52,92770,105],{"class":66},[52,92772,265],{"class":70},[52,92774,510],{"class":66},[20,92776,311],{},[43,92778,92780],{"className":45,"code":92779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92781,92782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92783,92784,92786,92788,92790,92792,92794],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92785,28],{"class":101},[52,92787,105],{"class":66},[52,92789,207],{"class":70},[52,92791,74],{"class":66},[52,92793,4696],{"class":70},[52,92795,112],{"class":66},[20,92797,92798],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[43,92800,92801],{"className":45,"code":91115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92802,92803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92804,92805,92807,92809,92811,92813,92815,92817,92819],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92806,118],{"class":101},[52,92808,105],{"class":66},[52,92810,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92812,105],{"class":66},[52,92814,28],{"class":101},[52,92816,105],{"class":66},[52,92818,265],{"class":70},[52,92820,622],{"class":66},[20,92822,311],{},[43,92824,92825],{"className":45,"code":60101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,92826,92827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92828,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837,92839,92841,92843,92845,92847,92849],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92830,3994],{"class":66},[52,92832,207],{"class":70},[52,92834,74],{"class":66},[52,92836,5586],{"class":70},[52,92838,74],{"class":66},[52,92840,77],{"class":70},[52,92842,74],{"class":66},[52,92844,82],{"class":70},[52,92846,74],{"class":66},[52,92848,87],{"class":70},[52,92850,90],{"class":66},[38,92852,92854],{"id":92853},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92856,1800,92857,82413],{},[15,92858,167],{},[43,92860,92862],{"className":45,"code":92861,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92863,92864,92878,92896,92918,92946],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,92865,92866,92868,92870,92872,92874,92876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,92867,118],{"class":101},[52,92869,105],{"class":66},[52,92871,28],{"class":101},[52,92873,105],{"class":66},[52,92875,265],{"class":70},[52,92877,510],{"class":66},[52,92879,92880,92882,92884,92886,92888,92890,92892,92894],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,92881,118],{"class":101},[52,92883,105],{"class":66},[52,92885,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92887,105],{"class":66},[52,92889,28],{"class":101},[52,92891,105],{"class":66},[52,92893,265],{"class":70},[52,92895,622],{"class":66},[52,92897,92898,92900,92902,92904,92906,92908,92910,92912,92914,92916],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,92899,118],{"class":101},[52,92901,105],{"class":66},[52,92903,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92905,105],{"class":66},[52,92907,28],{"class":101},[52,92909,105],{"class":66},[52,92911,440],{"class":70},[52,92913,74],{"class":66},[52,92915,6445],{"class":70},[52,92917,622],{"class":66},[52,92919,92920,92922,92924,92926,92928,92930,92932,92934,92936,92938,92940,92942,92944],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,92921,118],{"class":101},[52,92923,105],{"class":66},[52,92925,8179],{"class":1184},[52,92927,105],{"class":66},[52,92929,28],{"class":101},[52,92931,105],{"class":66},[52,92933,430],{"class":70},[52,92935,74],{"class":66},[52,92937,3933],{"class":70},[52,92939,74],{"class":66},[52,92941,2339],{"class":62},[52,92943,440],{"class":70},[52,92945,622],{"class":66},[52,92947,92948,92950,92952,92954,92956,92958,92960,92962],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,92949,118],{"class":101},[52,92951,105],{"class":66},[52,92953,1827],{"class":1184},[52,92955,105],{"class":66},[52,92957,28],{"class":101},[52,92959,105],{"class":66},[52,92961,265],{"class":70},[52,92963,622],{"class":66},[20,92965,26103],{},[153,92967,92968,92971,92974],{},[156,92969,92970],{},"what values are being created",[156,92972,92973],{},"whether the direction is correct",[156,92975,92976,92977,241],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92978,28],{},[38,92980,1919],{"id":1918},[461,92982,12792,92984,92986],{"id":92983},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92985,167],{}," include the last number?",[20,92988,92989],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[461,92991,1973,92993,92995,92996,1963],{"id":92992},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92994,90922],{}," start at ",[15,92997,207],{},[20,92999,93000,93001,242],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,93002,207],{},[461,93004,1933,93006,93008],{"id":93005},"can-range-count-backward",[15,93007,167],{}," count backward?",[20,93010,93011,93012,242],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,93013,93014],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[461,93016,14994,93018,26138],{"id":93017},"is-range-a-list",[15,93019,167],{},[20,93021,26141,93022,93024,93025,24034],{},[15,93023,28],{}," object. Use ",[15,93026,93027],{},"list(range(...))",[461,93029,1973,93031,48767],{"id":93030},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,93032,93033],{},"range(input())",[20,93035,93036,3591,93038,242],{},[15,93037,3067],{},[15,93039,93040],{},"int(input())",[38,93042,1986],{"id":1985},[153,93044,93045,93049,93055,93061,93067],{},[156,93046,93047],{},[236,93048,36128],{"href":36127},[156,93050,93051],{},[236,93052,13,93053,1999],{"href":2004},[15,93054,2007],{},[156,93056,93057],{},[236,93058,13,93059,1999],{"href":92091},[15,93060,35848],{},[156,93062,93063],{},[236,93064,37613,93065,36703],{"href":36699},[15,93066,35848],{},[156,93068,93069],{},[236,93070,50607,93071],{"href":50606},[15,93072,50610],{},[2029,93074,93075],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":93077},[93078,93079,93081,93087,93095,93102,93104,93116,93117,93129],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":90931,"depth":93,"text":93080},"What range() does",{"id":91024,"depth":93,"text":93082,"children":93083},"range() syntax",[93084,93085,93086],{"id":91104,"depth":115,"text":91107},{"id":91168,"depth":115,"text":91171},{"id":91236,"depth":115,"text":91239},{"id":91307,"depth":93,"text":91308,"children":93088},[93089,93090,93091,93092,93093],{"id":91314,"depth":115,"text":90922},{"id":91377,"depth":115,"text":91380},{"id":91441,"depth":115,"text":91444},{"id":91517,"depth":115,"text":91518},{"id":76886,"depth":115,"text":93094},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91676,"depth":93,"text":93096,"children":93097},"Using range() in a for loop",[93098,93099,93100],{"id":91778,"depth":115,"text":91779},{"id":91823,"depth":115,"text":91824},{"id":91903,"depth":115,"text":93101},"range() and indexing",{"id":92178,"depth":93,"text":93103},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":93105},[93106,93107,93109,93110,93112,93114],{"id":92361,"depth":115,"text":92362},{"id":92457,"depth":115,"text":93108},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92523,"depth":115,"text":92524},{"id":92658,"depth":115,"text":93111},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92715,"depth":115,"text":93113},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92749,"depth":115,"text":93115},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92853,"depth":93,"text":92854},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":93118},[93119,93121,93123,93125,93127],{"id":92983,"depth":115,"text":93120},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92992,"depth":115,"text":93122},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":93005,"depth":115,"text":93124},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":93017,"depth":115,"text":93126},"Is range() a list?",{"id":93030,"depth":115,"text":93128},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90825,"description":93130},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":93137,"title":93138,"body":93139,"description":94812,"extension":2083,"meta":94813,"navigation":296,"path":94814,"seo":94815,"stem":94816,"__hash__":94817},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":93140,"toc":94785},[93141,93150,93157,93174,93190,93192,93241,93249,93253,93256,93276,93278,93342,93344,93387,93390,93436,93438,93471,93481,93487,93495,93512,93514,93545,93547,93572,93577,93588,93591,93661,93663,93694,93699,93704,93721,93723,93774,93776,93809,93812,93819,93824,93828,93844,93846,93890,93892,93938,93941,93954,93959,93963,93977,93979,94030,94032,94065,94070,94072,94079,94081,94104,94106,94171,94173,94190,94193,94226,94228,94256,94266,94273,94277,94280,94298,94301,94329,94332,94350,94355,94361,94364,94386,94388,94416,94418,94421,94446,94449,94562,94564,94643,94645,94651,94656,94664,94672,94676,94679,94681,94714,94716,94724,94730,94737,94744,94747,94749,94782],[10,93142,13,93144,10672,93146,93149],{"id":93143},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,93145,167],{},[15,93147,93148],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,93151,93152,652,93154,93156],{},[15,93153,167],{},[15,93155,93148],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[153,93158,93159,93167],{},[156,93160,93161,93163,93164],{},[15,93162,167],{}," creates a ",[3842,93165,93166],{},"range object",[156,93168,93169,93163,93171],{},[15,93170,93148],{},[3842,93172,93173],{},"real list",[20,93175,93176,93177,93179,93180,93183,93184,93186,93187,93189],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,93178,90922],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,93181,93182],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,93185,167],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,93188,93148],{}," when you actually need a list.",[38,93191,3712],{"id":3711},[43,93193,93195],{"className":45,"code":93194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93196,93197,93211,93224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93198,93199,93201,93203,93205,93207,93209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93200,59],{"class":58},[52,93202,63],{"class":62},[52,93204,54151],{"class":101},[52,93206,105],{"class":66},[52,93208,265],{"class":70},[52,93210,112],{"class":66},[52,93212,93213,93215,93217,93219,93221],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93214,118],{"class":101},[52,93216,105],{"class":66},[52,93218,109],{"class":108},[52,93220,126],{"class":66},[52,93222,93223],{"class":129},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[52,93225,93226,93228,93230,93232,93234,93236,93238],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93227,118],{"class":101},[52,93229,105],{"class":66},[52,93231,8179],{"class":1184},[52,93233,105],{"class":66},[52,93235,109],{"class":108},[52,93237,5450],{"class":66},[52,93239,93240],{"class":129},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,93242,133,93243,93245,93246,93248],{},[15,93244,167],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,93247,93148],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[38,93250,93252],{"id":93251},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,93254,93255],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[153,93257,93258,93265,93270,93273],{},[156,93259,93260,22070,93262,93264],{},[15,93261,167],{},[3842,93263,93166],{},", not a list",[156,93266,93267,93269],{},[15,93268,93148],{}," converts that range object into a list",[156,93271,93272],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[156,93274,93275],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,93277,2324],{},[43,93279,93281],{"className":45,"code":93280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,93282,93283,93298,93317,93321,93331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93284,93285,93288,93290,93292,93294,93296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93286,93287],{"class":58},"r ",[52,93289,63],{"class":62},[52,93291,54151],{"class":101},[52,93293,105],{"class":66},[52,93295,265],{"class":70},[52,93297,112],{"class":66},[52,93299,93300,93303,93305,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93301,93302],{"class":58},"lst ",[52,93304,63],{"class":62},[52,93306,22655],{"class":1184},[52,93308,105],{"class":66},[52,93310,28],{"class":101},[52,93312,105],{"class":66},[52,93314,265],{"class":70},[52,93316,510],{"class":66},[52,93318,93319],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93320,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,93322,93323,93325,93327,93329],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,93324,118],{"class":101},[52,93326,105],{"class":66},[52,93328,60583],{"class":108},[52,93330,112],{"class":66},[52,93332,93333,93335,93337,93340],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,93334,118],{"class":101},[52,93336,105],{"class":66},[52,93338,93339],{"class":108},"lst",[52,93341,112],{"class":66},[20,93343,311],{},[43,93345,93347],{"className":45,"code":93346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,93348,93349,93363],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93350,93351,93353,93355,93357,93359,93361],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93352,28],{"class":101},[52,93354,105],{"class":66},[52,93356,207],{"class":70},[52,93358,74],{"class":66},[52,93360,4696],{"class":70},[52,93362,112],{"class":66},[52,93364,93365,93367,93369,93371,93373,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93366,3994],{"class":66},[52,93368,207],{"class":70},[52,93370,74],{"class":66},[52,93372,5586],{"class":70},[52,93374,74],{"class":66},[52,93376,77],{"class":70},[52,93378,74],{"class":66},[52,93380,82],{"class":70},[52,93382,74],{"class":66},[52,93384,87],{"class":70},[52,93386,90],{"class":66},[20,93388,93389],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[43,93391,93393],{"className":45,"code":93392,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,93394,93395,93413],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93396,93397,93399,93401,93403,93405,93407,93409,93411],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93398,118],{"class":101},[52,93400,105],{"class":66},[52,93402,1827],{"class":1184},[52,93404,105],{"class":66},[52,93406,28],{"class":101},[52,93408,105],{"class":66},[52,93410,265],{"class":70},[52,93412,622],{"class":66},[52,93414,93415,93417,93419,93421,93423,93425,93427,93429,93431,93433],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93416,118],{"class":101},[52,93418,105],{"class":66},[52,93420,1827],{"class":1184},[52,93422,105],{"class":66},[52,93424,8179],{"class":1184},[52,93426,105],{"class":66},[52,93428,28],{"class":101},[52,93430,105],{"class":66},[52,93432,265],{"class":70},[52,93434,93435],{"class":66},"))))\n",[20,93437,311],{},[43,93439,93441],{"className":45,"code":93440,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,93442,93443,93457],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93444,93445,93447,93449,93451,93453,93455],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93446,3395],{"class":62},[52,93448,3398],{"class":2184},[52,93450,3401],{"class":756},[52,93452,28],{"class":760},[52,93454,3406],{"class":756},[52,93456,3409],{"class":62},[52,93458,93459,93461,93463,93465,93467,93469],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93460,3395],{"class":62},[52,93462,3398],{"class":2184},[52,93464,3401],{"class":756},[52,93466,8179],{"class":760},[52,93468,3406],{"class":756},[52,93470,3409],{"class":62},[20,93472,93473,93474,93476,93477,242],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,93475,167],{}," works, see ",[236,93478,13,93479,1999],{"href":93132},[15,93480,167],{},[38,93482,140,93484,93486],{"id":93483},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93485,167],{}," gives you",[20,93488,93489,93491,93492,93494],{},[15,93490,167],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93493,1678],{}," loops.",[153,93496,93497,93500,93503,93506],{},[156,93498,93499],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[156,93501,93502],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[156,93504,93505],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[156,93507,93508,93509],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93510,93511],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93513,2324],{},[43,93515,93517],{"className":45,"code":93516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93518,93519,93535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93520,93521,93523,93525,93527,93529,93531,93533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93522,1678],{"class":1195},[52,93524,69623],{"class":58},[52,93526,1202],{"class":1195},[52,93528,54151],{"class":101},[52,93530,105],{"class":66},[52,93532,265],{"class":70},[52,93534,8428],{"class":66},[52,93536,93537,93539,93541,93543],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93538,8154],{"class":101},[52,93540,105],{"class":66},[52,93542,36250],{"class":108},[52,93544,112],{"class":66},[20,93546,311],{},[43,93548,93550],{"className":45,"code":93549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93551,93552,93556,93560,93564,93568],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93553,93554],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93555,47335],{"class":70},[52,93557,93558],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93559,47001],{"class":70},[52,93561,93562],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93563,17149],{"class":70},[52,93565,93566],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,93567,710],{"class":70},[52,93569,93570],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,93571,48733],{"class":70},[20,93573,20865,93574,93576],{},[15,93575,90922],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93578,93579,93580,93582,93583,242],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93581,167],{}," is so common with ",[236,93584,13,93586,90953],{"href":93585},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93587,1678],{},[20,93589,93590],{},"You can also inspect it:",[43,93592,93594],{"className":45,"code":93593,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93595,93596,93618,93622,93632,93646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93597,93598,93600,93602,93604,93606,93608,93610,93612,93614,93616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93599,93287],{"class":58},[52,93601,63],{"class":62},[52,93603,54151],{"class":101},[52,93605,105],{"class":66},[52,93607,440],{"class":70},[52,93609,74],{"class":66},[52,93611,270],{"class":70},[52,93613,74],{"class":66},[52,93615,77],{"class":70},[52,93617,112],{"class":66},[52,93619,93620],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93621,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,93623,93624,93626,93628,93630],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93625,118],{"class":101},[52,93627,105],{"class":66},[52,93629,60583],{"class":108},[52,93631,112],{"class":66},[52,93633,93634,93636,93638,93640,93642,93644],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,93635,118],{"class":101},[52,93637,105],{"class":66},[52,93639,11250],{"class":101},[52,93641,105],{"class":66},[52,93643,60583],{"class":108},[52,93645,510],{"class":66},[52,93647,93648,93650,93652,93654,93656,93659],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,93649,118],{"class":101},[52,93651,105],{"class":66},[52,93653,80667],{"class":70},[52,93655,21268],{"class":1195},[52,93657,93658],{"class":108}," r",[52,93660,112],{"class":66},[20,93662,311],{},[43,93664,93666],{"className":45,"code":93665,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93667,93668,93686,93690],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93669,93670,93672,93674,93676,93678,93680,93682,93684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93671,28],{"class":101},[52,93673,105],{"class":66},[52,93675,440],{"class":70},[52,93677,74],{"class":66},[52,93679,270],{"class":70},[52,93681,74],{"class":66},[52,93683,77],{"class":70},[52,93685,112],{"class":66},[52,93687,93688],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93689,48733],{"class":70},[52,93691,93692],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93693,4072],{"class":674},[38,93695,140,93697,93486],{"id":93696},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93698,93148],{},[20,93700,93701,93703],{},[15,93702,93148],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[153,93705,93706,93709,93712,93715],{},[156,93707,93708],{},"It creates all values at once",[156,93710,93711],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[156,93713,93714],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[156,93716,93717,93718,93720],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93719,167],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93722,2324],{},[43,93724,93726],{"className":45,"code":93725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93727,93728,93746,93750,93760],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93729,93730,93732,93734,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93731,59],{"class":58},[52,93733,63],{"class":62},[52,93735,22655],{"class":1184},[52,93737,105],{"class":66},[52,93739,28],{"class":101},[52,93741,105],{"class":66},[52,93743,265],{"class":70},[52,93745,510],{"class":66},[52,93747,93748],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93749,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,93751,93752,93754,93756,93758],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93753,118],{"class":101},[52,93755,105],{"class":66},[52,93757,109],{"class":108},[52,93759,112],{"class":66},[52,93761,93762,93764,93766,93768,93770,93772],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,93763,118],{"class":101},[52,93765,105],{"class":66},[52,93767,109],{"class":108},[52,93769,3994],{"class":66},[52,93771,440],{"class":70},[52,93773,1858],{"class":66},[20,93775,311],{},[43,93777,93779],{"className":45,"code":93778,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93780,93781,93805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93782,93783,93785,93787,93789,93791,93793,93795,93797,93799,93801,93803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93784,3994],{"class":66},[52,93786,207],{"class":70},[52,93788,74],{"class":66},[52,93790,5586],{"class":70},[52,93792,74],{"class":66},[52,93794,77],{"class":70},[52,93796,74],{"class":66},[52,93798,82],{"class":70},[52,93800,74],{"class":66},[52,93802,87],{"class":70},[52,93804,90],{"class":66},[52,93806,93807],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93808,17149],{"class":70},[20,93810,93811],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93813,93814,93815,242],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[236,93816,13,93817,1999],{"href":64923},[15,93818,24875],{},[38,93820,5054,93822],{"id":93821},"when-to-use-range",[15,93823,167],{},[20,93825,133,93826,10688],{},[15,93827,167],{},[153,93829,93830,93835,93838,93841],{},[156,93831,93832,93833,91682],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93834,1678],{},[156,93836,93837],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[156,93839,93840],{},"You are working with large sequences",[156,93842,93843],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93845,2324],{},[43,93847,93849],{"className":45,"code":93848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93850,93851,93871],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93852,93853,93855,93857,93859,93861,93863,93865,93867,93869],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93854,1678],{"class":1195},[52,93856,69623],{"class":58},[52,93858,1202],{"class":1195},[52,93860,54151],{"class":101},[52,93862,105],{"class":66},[52,93864,71],{"class":70},[52,93866,74],{"class":66},[52,93868,619],{"class":70},[52,93870,8428],{"class":66},[52,93872,93873,93875,93877,93879,93882,93884,93886,93888],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93874,8154],{"class":101},[52,93876,105],{"class":66},[52,93878,757],{"class":756},[52,93880,93881],{"class":760},"Count:",[52,93883,757],{"class":756},[52,93885,74],{"class":66},[52,93887,36226],{"class":108},[52,93889,112],{"class":66},[20,93891,311],{},[43,93893,93895],{"className":45,"code":93894,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93896,93897,93906,93914,93922,93930],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93898,93899,93902,93904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93900,93901],{"class":58},"Count",[52,93903,1772],{"class":66},[52,93905,29710],{"class":70},[52,93907,93908,93910,93912],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,93909,93901],{"class":58},[52,93911,1772],{"class":66},[52,93913,45674],{"class":70},[52,93915,93916,93918,93920],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,93917,93901],{"class":58},[52,93919,1772],{"class":66},[52,93921,2691],{"class":70},[52,93923,93924,93926,93928],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,93925,93901],{"class":58},[52,93927,1772],{"class":66},[52,93929,23759],{"class":70},[52,93931,93932,93934,93936],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,93933,93901],{"class":58},[52,93935,1772],{"class":66},[52,93937,34940],{"class":70},[20,93939,93940],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93942,93943,93944,93946,93947,62364,93949,242],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93945,35848],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93948,36693],{},[236,93950,36700,93952,36703],{"href":93951},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93953,35848],{},[38,93955,5054,93957],{"id":93956},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93958,93148],{},[20,93960,133,93961,10688],{},[15,93962,93148],{},[153,93964,93965,93968,93971,93974],{},[156,93966,93967],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[156,93969,93970],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[156,93972,93973],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[156,93975,93976],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93978,2324],{},[43,93980,93982],{"className":45,"code":93981,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93983,93984,94002,94016,94020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,93985,93986,93988,93990,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,93987,59],{"class":58},[52,93989,63],{"class":62},[52,93991,22655],{"class":1184},[52,93993,105],{"class":66},[52,93995,28],{"class":101},[52,93997,105],{"class":66},[52,93999,265],{"class":70},[52,94001,510],{"class":66},[52,94003,94004,94006,94008,94010,94012,94014],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94005,109],{"class":58},[52,94007,242],{"class":66},[52,94009,13643],{"class":108},[52,94011,105],{"class":66},[52,94013,265],{"class":70},[52,94015,112],{"class":66},[52,94017,94018],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94019,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,94021,94022,94024,94026,94028],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,94023,118],{"class":101},[52,94025,105],{"class":66},[52,94027,109],{"class":108},[52,94029,112],{"class":66},[20,94031,311],{},[43,94033,94035],{"className":45,"code":94034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,94036,94037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94038,94039,94041,94043,94045,94047,94049,94051,94053,94055,94057,94059,94061,94063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94040,3994],{"class":66},[52,94042,207],{"class":70},[52,94044,74],{"class":66},[52,94046,5586],{"class":70},[52,94048,74],{"class":66},[52,94050,77],{"class":70},[52,94052,74],{"class":66},[52,94054,82],{"class":70},[52,94056,74],{"class":66},[52,94058,87],{"class":70},[52,94060,74],{"class":66},[52,94062,4696],{"class":70},[52,94064,90],{"class":66},[20,94066,6146,94067,94069],{},[15,94068,109],{}," is a list.",[38,94071,15688],{"id":15687},[20,94073,94074,94076,94077,242],{},[15,94075,167],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3842,94078,37692],{},[20,94080,2226],{},[153,94082,94083,94085,94090,94095,94098],{},[156,94084,22080],{},[156,94086,94087,94088],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,94089,2007],{},[156,94091,94092,94093],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,94094,1202],{},[156,94096,94097],{},"You can index it",[156,94099,94100,94101,94103],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,94102,52734],{}," do not work on it",[20,94105,2324],{},[43,94107,94109],{"className":45,"code":94108,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,94110,94111,94125,94129,94143,94157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94112,94113,94115,94117,94119,94121,94123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94114,93287],{"class":58},[52,94116,63],{"class":62},[52,94118,54151],{"class":101},[52,94120,105],{"class":66},[52,94122,265],{"class":70},[52,94124,112],{"class":66},[52,94126,94127],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94128,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,94130,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94132,118],{"class":101},[52,94134,105],{"class":66},[52,94136,60583],{"class":108},[52,94138,3994],{"class":66},[52,94140,440],{"class":70},[52,94142,1858],{"class":66},[52,94144,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,94146,118],{"class":101},[52,94148,105],{"class":66},[52,94150,11250],{"class":101},[52,94152,105],{"class":66},[52,94154,60583],{"class":108},[52,94156,510],{"class":66},[52,94158,94159,94161,94163,94165,94167,94169],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,94160,118],{"class":101},[52,94162,105],{"class":66},[52,94164,445],{"class":70},[52,94166,21268],{"class":1195},[52,94168,93658],{"class":108},[52,94170,112],{"class":66},[20,94172,311],{},[43,94174,94176],{"className":45,"code":94175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,94177,94178,94182,94186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94179,94180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94181,17149],{"class":70},[52,94183,94184],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94185,1068],{"class":70},[52,94187,94188],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94189,4072],{"class":674},[20,94191,94192],{},"Now compare that with this:",[43,94194,94196],{"className":45,"code":94195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,94197,94198,94212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94199,94200,94202,94204,94206,94208,94210],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94201,93287],{"class":58},[52,94203,63],{"class":62},[52,94205,54151],{"class":101},[52,94207,105],{"class":66},[52,94209,265],{"class":70},[52,94211,112],{"class":66},[52,94213,94214,94216,94218,94220,94222,94224],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94215,60583],{"class":58},[52,94217,242],{"class":66},[52,94219,13643],{"class":108},[52,94221,105],{"class":66},[52,94223,265],{"class":70},[52,94225,112],{"class":66},[20,94227,311],{},[43,94229,94231],{"className":45,"code":94230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,94232,94233],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94234,94235,94237,94239,94241,94243,94245,94247,94250,94252,94254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94236,25766],{"class":1184},[52,94238,1772],{"class":66},[52,94240,3401],{"class":756},[52,94242,28],{"class":760},[52,94244,3406],{"class":756},[52,94246,241],{"class":1184},[52,94248,94249],{"class":58}," has no attribute ",[52,94251,3406],{"class":756},[52,94253,13643],{"class":760},[52,94255,29795],{"class":756},[20,94257,94258,94259,2305,94261,2309,94263,94265],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,94260,52734],{},[15,94262,55609],{},[15,94264,64387],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,94267,94268,94269,242],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[236,94270,25774,94271],{"href":35518},[15,94272,34352],{},[38,94274,94276],{"id":94275},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,94278,94279],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[43,94281,94282],{"className":45,"code":92758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94283,94284],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94285,94286,94288,94290,94292,94294,94296],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94287,118],{"class":101},[52,94289,105],{"class":66},[52,94291,28],{"class":101},[52,94293,105],{"class":66},[52,94295,265],{"class":70},[52,94297,510],{"class":66},[20,94299,94300],{},"to show:",[43,94302,94303],{"className":45,"code":60101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94304,94305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94306,94307,94309,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319,94321,94323,94325,94327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94308,3994],{"class":66},[52,94310,207],{"class":70},[52,94312,74],{"class":66},[52,94314,5586],{"class":70},[52,94316,74],{"class":66},[52,94318,77],{"class":70},[52,94320,74],{"class":66},[52,94322,82],{"class":70},[52,94324,74],{"class":66},[52,94326,87],{"class":70},[52,94328,90],{"class":66},[20,94330,94331],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[43,94333,94334],{"className":45,"code":92779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94335,94336],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94337,94338,94340,94342,94344,94346,94348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94339,28],{"class":101},[52,94341,105],{"class":66},[52,94343,207],{"class":70},[52,94345,74],{"class":66},[52,94347,4696],{"class":70},[52,94349,112],{"class":66},[20,94351,4719,94352,94354],{},[3842,94353,4722],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,94356,94357,94358,94360],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3842,94359,93166],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,94362,94363],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[43,94365,94366],{"className":45,"code":91115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94367,94368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94369,94370,94372,94374,94376,94378,94380,94382,94384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94371,118],{"class":101},[52,94373,105],{"class":66},[52,94375,8179],{"class":1184},[52,94377,105],{"class":66},[52,94379,28],{"class":101},[52,94381,105],{"class":66},[52,94383,265],{"class":70},[52,94385,622],{"class":66},[20,94387,311],{},[43,94389,94390],{"className":45,"code":60101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94391,94392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94393,94394,94396,94398,94400,94402,94404,94406,94408,94410,94412,94414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94395,3994],{"class":66},[52,94397,207],{"class":70},[52,94399,74],{"class":66},[52,94401,5586],{"class":70},[52,94403,74],{"class":66},[52,94405,77],{"class":70},[52,94407,74],{"class":66},[52,94409,82],{"class":70},[52,94411,74],{"class":66},[52,94413,87],{"class":70},[52,94415,90],{"class":66},[38,94417,1766],{"id":1765},[20,94419,94420],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[153,94422,94423,94429,94432,94438],{},[156,94424,1372,94425,94428],{},[15,94426,94427],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[156,94430,94431],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[156,94433,94434,94435,94437],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,94436,167],{}," is iterable but not a list",[156,94439,1372,94440,94442,94443,94445],{},[15,94441,93148],{}," when plain ",[15,94444,167],{}," would be simpler",[20,94447,94448],{},"These quick checks can help:",[43,94450,94452],{"className":45,"code":94451,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,94453,94454,94468,94486,94504,94526,94544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94455,94456,94458,94460,94462,94464,94466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94457,118],{"class":101},[52,94459,105],{"class":66},[52,94461,28],{"class":101},[52,94463,105],{"class":66},[52,94465,265],{"class":70},[52,94467,510],{"class":66},[52,94469,94470,94472,94474,94476,94478,94480,94482,94484],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94471,118],{"class":101},[52,94473,105],{"class":66},[52,94475,8179],{"class":1184},[52,94477,105],{"class":66},[52,94479,28],{"class":101},[52,94481,105],{"class":66},[52,94483,265],{"class":70},[52,94485,622],{"class":66},[52,94487,94488,94490,94492,94494,94496,94498,94500,94502],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94489,118],{"class":101},[52,94491,105],{"class":66},[52,94493,1827],{"class":1184},[52,94495,105],{"class":66},[52,94497,28],{"class":101},[52,94499,105],{"class":66},[52,94501,265],{"class":70},[52,94503,622],{"class":66},[52,94505,94506,94508,94510,94512,94514,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,94507,118],{"class":101},[52,94509,105],{"class":66},[52,94511,1827],{"class":1184},[52,94513,105],{"class":66},[52,94515,8179],{"class":1184},[52,94517,105],{"class":66},[52,94519,28],{"class":101},[52,94521,105],{"class":66},[52,94523,265],{"class":70},[52,94525,93435],{"class":66},[52,94527,94528,94530,94532,94534,94536,94538,94540,94542],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,94529,118],{"class":101},[52,94531,105],{"class":66},[52,94533,445],{"class":70},[52,94535,21268],{"class":1195},[52,94537,54151],{"class":101},[52,94539,105],{"class":66},[52,94541,265],{"class":70},[52,94543,510],{"class":66},[52,94545,94546,94548,94550,94552,94554,94556,94558,94560],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,94547,118],{"class":101},[52,94549,105],{"class":66},[52,94551,11250],{"class":101},[52,94553,105],{"class":66},[52,94555,28],{"class":101},[52,94557,105],{"class":66},[52,94559,265],{"class":70},[52,94561,622],{"class":66},[20,94563,311],{},[43,94565,94567],{"className":45,"code":94566,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94568,94569,94583,94607,94621,94635,94639],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94570,94571,94573,94575,94577,94579,94581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94572,28],{"class":101},[52,94574,105],{"class":66},[52,94576,207],{"class":70},[52,94578,74],{"class":66},[52,94580,4696],{"class":70},[52,94582,112],{"class":66},[52,94584,94585,94587,94589,94591,94593,94595,94597,94599,94601,94603,94605],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94586,3994],{"class":66},[52,94588,207],{"class":70},[52,94590,74],{"class":66},[52,94592,5586],{"class":70},[52,94594,74],{"class":66},[52,94596,77],{"class":70},[52,94598,74],{"class":66},[52,94600,82],{"class":70},[52,94602,74],{"class":66},[52,94604,87],{"class":70},[52,94606,90],{"class":66},[52,94608,94609,94611,94613,94615,94617,94619],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,94610,3395],{"class":62},[52,94612,3398],{"class":2184},[52,94614,3401],{"class":756},[52,94616,28],{"class":760},[52,94618,3406],{"class":756},[52,94620,3409],{"class":62},[52,94622,94623,94625,94627,94629,94631,94633],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,94624,3395],{"class":62},[52,94626,3398],{"class":2184},[52,94628,3401],{"class":756},[52,94630,8179],{"class":760},[52,94632,3406],{"class":756},[52,94634,3409],{"class":62},[52,94636,94637],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,94638,4072],{"class":674},[52,94640,94641],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,94642,1068],{"class":70},[38,94644,1919],{"id":1918},[461,94646,14994,94648,94650],{"id":94647},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94649,167],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94652,46450,94653,94655],{},[15,94654,167],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[461,94657,94659,94660,11180,94662,1963],{"id":94658},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94661,167],{},[15,94663,93148],{},[20,94665,94666,94668,94669,94671],{},[15,94667,167],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94670,93148],{}," creates a full list.",[461,94673,94675],{"id":94674},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94677,94678],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94680,2324],{},[43,94682,94684],{"className":45,"code":94683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94685,94686,94700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94687,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94689,93287],{"class":58},[52,94691,63],{"class":62},[52,94693,54151],{"class":101},[52,94695,105],{"class":66},[52,94697,265],{"class":70},[52,94699,112],{"class":66},[52,94701,94702,94704,94706,94708,94710,94712],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94703,118],{"class":101},[52,94705,105],{"class":66},[52,94707,60583],{"class":108},[52,94709,3994],{"class":66},[52,94711,71],{"class":70},[52,94713,1858],{"class":66},[20,94715,311],{},[43,94717,94718],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,94719,94720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94721,94722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94723,47001],{"class":70},[461,94725,1973,94727,94729],{"id":94726},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94728,94427],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94731,94732,94733,94736],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94734,94735],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[461,94738,94740,94741,94743],{"id":94739},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94742,167],{}," to a list?",[20,94745,94746],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[38,94748,1986],{"id":1985},[153,94750,94751,94757,94763,94770,94776],{},[156,94752,94753],{},[236,94754,13,94755,1999],{"href":93132},[15,94756,167],{},[156,94758,94759],{},[236,94760,13,94761,1999],{"href":64923},[15,94762,24875],{},[156,94764,94765],{},[236,94766,13,94767,94769],{"href":93585},[15,94768,1678],{}," loops explained",[156,94771,94772],{},[236,94773,37613,94774,36703],{"href":93951},[15,94775,35848],{},[156,94777,94778],{},[236,94779,26217,94780],{"href":35518},[15,94781,34352],{},[2029,94783,94784],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code 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var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: 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.s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":94786},[94787,94788,94789,94791,94793,94795,94797,94798,94799,94800,94811],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":93251,"depth":93,"text":93252},{"id":93483,"depth":93,"text":94790},"What range() gives you",{"id":93696,"depth":93,"text":94792},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93821,"depth":93,"text":94794},"When to use range()",{"id":93956,"depth":93,"text":94796},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15687,"depth":93,"text":15688},{"id":94275,"depth":93,"text":94276},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":94801},[94802,94804,94806,94807,94809],{"id":94647,"depth":115,"text":94803},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94658,"depth":115,"text":94805},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94674,"depth":115,"text":94675},{"id":94726,"depth":115,"text":94808},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94739,"depth":115,"text":94810},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":93138,"description":94812},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94819,"title":94820,"body":94821,"description":96257,"extension":2083,"meta":96258,"navigation":296,"path":96259,"seo":96260,"stem":96261,"__hash__":96262},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94822,"toc":96223},[94823,94829,94834,94837,94851,94854,94856,94895,94897,94910,94918,94923,94939,94942,94944,94946,94967,94984,94987,95046,95048,95067,95072,95078,95081,95115,95117,95130,95133,95178,95180,95203,95210,95216,95219,95260,95262,95276,95279,95337,95339,95354,95367,95373,95379,95444,95446,95465,95467,95485,95488,95492,95498,95500,95533,95535,95548,95558,95561,95622,95624,95645,95648,95650,95666,95671,95675,95680,95685,95741,95743,95761,95764,95809,95811,95819,95824,95828,95842,95844,95876,95878,95887,95889,95893,95902,95905,95937,95939,95951,95954,95958,95963,96004,96006,96014,96017,96040,96044,96046,96055,96058,96111,96113,96122,96126,96131,96142,96144,96153,96156,96162,96165,96171,96181,96189,96196,96198,96220],[10,94824,13,94826,18],{"id":94825},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94827,94828],{},"round()",[20,94830,22,94831,94833],{},[15,94832,94828],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94835,94836],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[153,94838,94839,94845],{},[156,94840,94841,94844],{},[15,94842,94843],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[156,94846,94847,94850],{},[15,94848,94849],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94852,94853],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[38,94855,41],{"id":40},[43,94857,94859],{"className":45,"code":94858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94860,94861,94877],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94862,94863,94865,94867,94870,94872,94875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94864,118],{"class":101},[52,94866,105],{"class":66},[52,94868,94869],{"class":101},"round",[52,94871,105],{"class":66},[52,94873,94874],{"class":70},"3.14159",[52,94876,510],{"class":66},[52,94878,94879,94881,94883,94885,94887,94889,94891,94893],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94880,118],{"class":101},[52,94882,105],{"class":66},[52,94884,94869],{"class":101},[52,94886,105],{"class":66},[52,94888,94874],{"class":70},[52,94890,74],{"class":66},[52,94892,77],{"class":70},[52,94894,510],{"class":66},[20,94896,311],{},[43,94898,94900],{"className":45,"code":94899,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94901,94902,94906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94903,94904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94905,710],{"class":70},[52,94907,94908],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,94909,40269],{"class":70},[20,94911,133,94912,94914,94915,94917],{},[15,94913,94843],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94916,94849],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[38,94919,140,94921,143],{"id":94920},"what-round-does",[15,94922,94828],{},[153,94924,94925,94930,94933,94936],{},[156,94926,94927,94929],{},[15,94928,94828],{}," is a built-in Python function",[156,94931,94932],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[156,94934,94935],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[156,94937,94938],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94940,94941],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[38,94943,181],{"id":180},[20,94945,2277],{},[43,94947,94949],{"className":45,"code":94948,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94950,94951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94952,94953,94955,94957,94959,94962,94965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94954,94869],{"class":101},[52,94956,105],{"class":66},[52,94958,2357],{"class":108},[52,94960,94961],{"class":66},"[,",[52,94963,94964],{"class":108}," ndigits",[52,94966,1858],{"class":66},[153,94968,94969,94974,94979],{},[156,94970,94971,94973],{},[15,94972,2357],{}," is the value to round",[156,94975,94976,20133],{},[15,94977,94978],{},"ndigits",[156,94980,94981,94983],{},[15,94982,94978],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94985,94986],{},"Basic examples:",[43,94988,94990],{"className":45,"code":94989,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94991,94992,95007,95025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,94993,94994,94996,94998,95000,95002,95005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,94995,118],{"class":101},[52,94997,105],{"class":66},[52,94999,94869],{"class":101},[52,95001,105],{"class":66},[52,95003,95004],{"class":70},"7.8",[52,95006,510],{"class":66},[52,95008,95009,95011,95013,95015,95017,95019,95021,95023],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95010,118],{"class":101},[52,95012,105],{"class":66},[52,95014,94869],{"class":101},[52,95016,105],{"class":66},[52,95018,95004],{"class":70},[52,95020,74],{"class":66},[52,95022,5586],{"class":70},[52,95024,510],{"class":66},[52,95026,95027,95029,95031,95033,95035,95038,95040,95042,95044],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95028,118],{"class":101},[52,95030,105],{"class":66},[52,95032,94869],{"class":101},[52,95034,105],{"class":66},[52,95036,95037],{"class":70},"1234",[52,95039,74],{"class":66},[52,95041,2339],{"class":62},[52,95043,440],{"class":70},[52,95045,510],{"class":66},[20,95047,311],{},[43,95049,95051],{"className":45,"code":95050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,95052,95053,95057,95062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95054,95055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95056,2498],{"class":70},[52,95058,95059],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95060,95061],{"class":70},"7.8\n",[52,95063,95064],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95065,95066],{"class":70},"1200\n",[20,95068,95069,95070,242],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[236,95071,2536],{"href":586},[38,95073,1372,95075,95077],{"id":95074},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,95076,94828],{}," with one argument",[20,95079,95080],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[43,95082,95084],{"className":45,"code":95083,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,95085,95086,95100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95087,95088,95090,95092,95094,95096,95098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95089,118],{"class":101},[52,95091,105],{"class":66},[52,95093,94869],{"class":101},[52,95095,105],{"class":66},[52,95097,2480],{"class":70},[52,95099,510],{"class":66},[52,95101,95102,95104,95106,95108,95110,95113],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95103,118],{"class":101},[52,95105,105],{"class":66},[52,95107,94869],{"class":101},[52,95109,105],{"class":66},[52,95111,95112],{"class":70},"4.8",[52,95114,510],{"class":66},[20,95116,311],{},[43,95118,95120],{"className":45,"code":95119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4\n5\n",[15,95121,95122,95126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95123,95124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95125,48733],{"class":70},[52,95127,95128],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95129,1068],{"class":70},[20,95131,95132],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[43,95134,95136],{"className":45,"code":95135,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,95137,95138,95154,95164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95139,95140,95142,95144,95147,95149,95152],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95141,2347],{"class":58},[52,95143,63],{"class":62},[52,95145,95146],{"class":101}," round",[52,95148,105],{"class":66},[52,95150,95151],{"class":70},"10.2",[52,95153,112],{"class":66},[52,95155,95156,95158,95160,95162],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95157,118],{"class":101},[52,95159,105],{"class":66},[52,95161,2382],{"class":108},[52,95163,112],{"class":66},[52,95165,95166,95168,95170,95172,95174,95176],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95167,118],{"class":101},[52,95169,105],{"class":66},[52,95171,1827],{"class":1184},[52,95173,105],{"class":66},[52,95175,2382],{"class":108},[52,95177,510],{"class":66},[20,95179,311],{},[43,95181,95183],{"className":45,"code":95182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,95184,95185,95189],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95186,95187],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95188,515],{"class":70},[52,95190,95191,95193,95195,95197,95199,95201],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95192,3395],{"class":62},[52,95194,3398],{"class":2184},[52,95196,3401],{"class":756},[52,95198,1185],{"class":760},[52,95200,3406],{"class":756},[52,95202,3409],{"class":62},[20,95204,95205,95206,242],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[236,95207,13,95208,1999],{"href":2986},[15,95209,2989],{},[38,95211,1372,95213,95215],{"id":95212},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,95214,94828],{}," with decimal places",[20,95217,95218],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[43,95220,95222],{"className":45,"code":95221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,95223,95224,95242],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95225,95226,95228,95230,95232,95234,95236,95238,95240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95227,118],{"class":101},[52,95229,105],{"class":66},[52,95231,94869],{"class":101},[52,95233,105],{"class":66},[52,95235,94874],{"class":70},[52,95237,74],{"class":66},[52,95239,77],{"class":70},[52,95241,510],{"class":66},[52,95243,95244,95246,95248,95250,95252,95254,95256,95258],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95245,118],{"class":101},[52,95247,105],{"class":66},[52,95249,94869],{"class":101},[52,95251,105],{"class":66},[52,95253,94874],{"class":70},[52,95255,74],{"class":66},[52,95257,82],{"class":70},[52,95259,510],{"class":66},[20,95261,311],{},[43,95263,95265],{"className":45,"code":95264,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,95266,95267,95271],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95268,95269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95270,40269],{"class":70},[52,95272,95273],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95274,95275],{"class":70},"3.142\n",[20,95277,95278],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[43,95280,95282],{"className":45,"code":95281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,95283,95284,95293,95312,95316,95326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95285,95286,95288,95290],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95287,40479],{"class":58},[52,95289,63],{"class":62},[52,95291,95292],{"class":70}," 19.9876\n",[52,95294,95295,95298,95300,95302,95304,95306,95308,95310],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95296,95297],{"class":58},"rounded_price ",[52,95299,63],{"class":62},[52,95301,95146],{"class":101},[52,95303,105],{"class":66},[52,95305,25244],{"class":108},[52,95307,74],{"class":66},[52,95309,77],{"class":70},[52,95311,112],{"class":66},[52,95313,95314],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95315,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,95317,95318,95320,95322,95324],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,95319,118],{"class":101},[52,95321,105],{"class":66},[52,95323,25244],{"class":108},[52,95325,112],{"class":66},[52,95327,95328,95330,95332,95335],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,95329,118],{"class":101},[52,95331,105],{"class":66},[52,95333,95334],{"class":108},"rounded_price",[52,95336,112],{"class":66},[20,95338,311],{},[43,95340,95342],{"className":45,"code":95341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,95343,95344,95349],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95345,95346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95347,95348],{"class":70},"19.9876\n",[52,95350,95351],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95352,95353],{"class":70},"19.99\n",[20,95355,95356,95357,95360,95361,1943,95363,242],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,95358,95359],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[236,95362,40982],{"href":40981},[236,95364,13,95365,1999],{"href":2992},[15,95366,2995],{},[38,95368,95370,95371],{"id":95369},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,95372,94978],{},[20,95374,95375,95376,95378],{},"A negative ",[15,95377,94978],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[43,95380,95382],{"className":45,"code":95381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,95383,95384,95404,95424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95385,95386,95388,95390,95392,95394,95396,95398,95400,95402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95387,118],{"class":101},[52,95389,105],{"class":66},[52,95391,94869],{"class":101},[52,95393,105],{"class":66},[52,95395,95037],{"class":70},[52,95397,74],{"class":66},[52,95399,2339],{"class":62},[52,95401,71],{"class":70},[52,95403,510],{"class":66},[52,95405,95406,95408,95410,95412,95414,95416,95418,95420,95422],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95407,118],{"class":101},[52,95409,105],{"class":66},[52,95411,94869],{"class":101},[52,95413,105],{"class":66},[52,95415,95037],{"class":70},[52,95417,74],{"class":66},[52,95419,2339],{"class":62},[52,95421,440],{"class":70},[52,95423,510],{"class":66},[52,95425,95426,95428,95430,95432,95434,95436,95438,95440,95442],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95427,118],{"class":101},[52,95429,105],{"class":66},[52,95431,94869],{"class":101},[52,95433,105],{"class":66},[52,95435,95037],{"class":70},[52,95437,74],{"class":66},[52,95439,2339],{"class":62},[52,95441,445],{"class":70},[52,95443,510],{"class":66},[20,95445,311],{},[43,95447,95449],{"className":45,"code":95448,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,95450,95451,95456,95460],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95452,95453],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95454,95455],{"class":70},"1230\n",[52,95457,95458],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95459,95066],{"class":70},[52,95461,95462],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95463,95464],{"class":70},"1000\n",[20,95466,65660],{},[153,95468,95469,95474,95480],{},[156,95470,95471,95473],{},[15,95472,65930],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[156,95475,95476,95479],{},[15,95477,95478],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[156,95481,95482,95484],{},[15,95483,47754],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95486,95487],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[38,95489,95491],{"id":95490},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95493,95494,95495,242],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95496,95497],{},".5",[20,95499,932],{},[43,95501,95503],{"className":45,"code":95502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95504,95505,95519],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95506,95507,95509,95511,95513,95515,95517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95508,118],{"class":101},[52,95510,105],{"class":66},[52,95512,94869],{"class":101},[52,95514,105],{"class":66},[52,95516,542],{"class":70},[52,95518,510],{"class":66},[52,95520,95521,95523,95525,95527,95529,95531],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95522,118],{"class":101},[52,95524,105],{"class":66},[52,95526,94869],{"class":101},[52,95528,105],{"class":66},[52,95530,2160],{"class":70},[52,95532,510],{"class":66},[20,95534,311],{},[43,95536,95538],{"className":45,"code":95537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n4\n",[15,95539,95540,95544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95541,95542],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95543,17149],{"class":70},[52,95545,95546],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95547,48733],{"class":70},[20,95549,95550,95551,95554,95555,95557],{},"Python uses ",[3842,95552,95553],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95556,95497],{}," situations.",[20,95559,95560],{},"More examples:",[43,95562,95564],{"className":45,"code":95563,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95565,95566,95580,95594,95608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95567,95568,95570,95572,95574,95576,95578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95569,118],{"class":101},[52,95571,105],{"class":66},[52,95573,94869],{"class":101},[52,95575,105],{"class":66},[52,95577,41261],{"class":70},[52,95579,510],{"class":66},[52,95581,95582,95584,95586,95588,95590,95592],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95583,118],{"class":101},[52,95585,105],{"class":66},[52,95587,94869],{"class":101},[52,95589,105],{"class":66},[52,95591,542],{"class":70},[52,95593,510],{"class":66},[52,95595,95596,95598,95600,95602,95604,95606],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95597,118],{"class":101},[52,95599,105],{"class":66},[52,95601,94869],{"class":101},[52,95603,105],{"class":66},[52,95605,2160],{"class":70},[52,95607,510],{"class":66},[52,95609,95610,95612,95614,95616,95618,95620],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,95611,118],{"class":101},[52,95613,105],{"class":66},[52,95615,94869],{"class":101},[52,95617,105],{"class":66},[52,95619,41214],{"class":70},[52,95621,510],{"class":66},[20,95623,311],{},[43,95625,95627],{"className":45,"code":95626,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95628,95629,95633,95637,95641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95630,95631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95632,17149],{"class":70},[52,95634,95635],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95636,17149],{"class":70},[52,95638,95639],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95640,48733],{"class":70},[52,95642,95643],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,95644,48733],{"class":70},[20,95646,95647],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95649,10800],{},[153,95651,95652,95659],{},[156,95653,95654,2252,95657],{},[15,95655,95656],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95658,440],{},[156,95660,95661,2252,95664],{},[15,95662,95663],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95665,1595],{},[20,95667,3274,95668,95670],{},[15,95669,95497],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[38,95672,95674],{"id":95673},"return-values","Return values",[20,95676,95677,95679],{},[15,95678,94828],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95681,40996,95682,95684],{},[3842,95683,4722],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[43,95686,95688],{"className":45,"code":95687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95689,95690,95699,95703,95713,95731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95691,95692,95694,95696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95693,2563],{"class":58},[52,95695,63],{"class":62},[52,95697,95698],{"class":70}," 3.14159\n",[52,95700,95701],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95702,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,95704,95705,95707,95709,95711],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95706,118],{"class":101},[52,95708,105],{"class":66},[52,95710,2588],{"class":108},[52,95712,112],{"class":66},[52,95714,95715,95717,95719,95721,95723,95725,95727,95729],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,95716,118],{"class":101},[52,95718,105],{"class":66},[52,95720,94869],{"class":101},[52,95722,105],{"class":66},[52,95724,2588],{"class":108},[52,95726,74],{"class":66},[52,95728,77],{"class":70},[52,95730,510],{"class":66},[52,95732,95733,95735,95737,95739],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,95734,118],{"class":101},[52,95736,105],{"class":66},[52,95738,2588],{"class":108},[52,95740,112],{"class":66},[20,95742,311],{},[43,95744,95746],{"className":45,"code":95745,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95747,95748,95753,95757],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95749,95750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95751,95752],{"class":70},"3.14159\n",[52,95754,95755],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95756,40269],{"class":70},[52,95758,95759],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95760,95752],{"class":70},[20,95762,95763],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[43,95765,95767],{"className":45,"code":95766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95768,95769,95777,95795,95799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95770,95771,95773,95775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95772,2563],{"class":58},[52,95774,63],{"class":62},[52,95776,95698],{"class":70},[52,95778,95779,95781,95783,95785,95787,95789,95791,95793],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95780,2563],{"class":58},[52,95782,63],{"class":62},[52,95784,95146],{"class":101},[52,95786,105],{"class":66},[52,95788,2588],{"class":108},[52,95790,74],{"class":66},[52,95792,77],{"class":70},[52,95794,112],{"class":66},[52,95796,95797],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95798,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,95800,95801,95803,95805,95807],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,95802,118],{"class":101},[52,95804,105],{"class":66},[52,95806,2588],{"class":108},[52,95808,112],{"class":66},[20,95810,311],{},[43,95812,95813],{"className":45,"code":40269,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95814,95815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95816,95817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95818,40269],{"class":70},[38,95820,5054,95822],{"id":95821},"when-to-use-round",[15,95823,94828],{},[20,95825,133,95826,6403],{},[15,95827,94828],{},[153,95829,95830,95833,95836,95839],{},[156,95831,95832],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[156,95834,95835],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[156,95837,95838],{},"Round values before reporting results",[156,95840,95841],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95843,932],{},[43,95845,95847],{"className":45,"code":95846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95848,95849,95858],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95850,95851,95853,95855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95852,2710],{"class":58},[52,95854,63],{"class":62},[52,95856,95857],{"class":70}," 12.67891\n",[52,95859,95860,95862,95864,95866,95868,95870,95872,95874],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95861,118],{"class":101},[52,95863,105],{"class":66},[52,95865,94869],{"class":101},[52,95867,105],{"class":66},[52,95869,2733],{"class":108},[52,95871,74],{"class":66},[52,95873,77],{"class":70},[52,95875,510],{"class":66},[20,95877,311],{},[43,95879,95881],{"className":45,"code":95880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"12.68\n",[15,95882,95883],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95884,95885],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95886,95880],{"class":70},[38,95888,1766],{"id":1765},[20,95890,23190,95891,242],{},[15,95892,94828],{},[461,95894,8538,95896,95898,95899,95901],{"id":95895},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95897,94828],{}," to always round ",[15,95900,95497],{}," upward",[20,95903,95904],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[43,95906,95907],{"className":45,"code":95502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95908,95909,95923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95910,95911,95913,95915,95917,95919,95921],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95912,118],{"class":101},[52,95914,105],{"class":66},[52,95916,94869],{"class":101},[52,95918,105],{"class":66},[52,95920,542],{"class":70},[52,95922,510],{"class":66},[52,95924,95925,95927,95929,95931,95933,95935],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95926,118],{"class":101},[52,95928,105],{"class":66},[52,95930,94869],{"class":101},[52,95932,105],{"class":66},[52,95934,2160],{"class":70},[52,95936,510],{"class":66},[20,95938,311],{},[43,95940,95941],{"className":45,"code":95537,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,95942,95943,95947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95944,95945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95946,17149],{"class":70},[52,95948,95949],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95950,48733],{"class":70},[20,95952,95953],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[461,95955,95957],{"id":95956},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95959,95960,95962],{},[15,95961,94828],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[43,95964,95966],{"className":45,"code":95965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95967,95968,95976,95990,95994],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,95969,95970,95972,95974],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,95971,2563],{"class":58},[52,95973,63],{"class":62},[52,95975,95698],{"class":70},[52,95977,95978,95980,95982,95984,95986,95988],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,95979,94869],{"class":101},[52,95981,105],{"class":66},[52,95983,2588],{"class":108},[52,95985,74],{"class":66},[52,95987,77],{"class":70},[52,95989,112],{"class":66},[52,95991,95992],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,95993,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,95995,95996,95998,96000,96002],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,95997,118],{"class":101},[52,95999,105],{"class":66},[52,96001,2588],{"class":108},[52,96003,112],{"class":66},[20,96005,311],{},[43,96007,96008],{"className":45,"code":95752,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,96009,96010],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96011,96012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96013,95752],{"class":70},[20,96015,96016],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[43,96018,96020],{"className":45,"code":96019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,96021,96022],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96023,96024,96026,96028,96030,96032,96034,96036,96038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96025,2563],{"class":58},[52,96027,63],{"class":62},[52,96029,95146],{"class":101},[52,96031,105],{"class":66},[52,96033,2588],{"class":108},[52,96035,74],{"class":66},[52,96037,77],{"class":70},[52,96039,112],{"class":66},[461,96041,96043],{"id":96042},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,96045,16493],{},[43,96047,96049],{"className":45,"code":96048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,96050,96051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96052,96053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96054,96048],{"class":129},[20,96056,96057],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[43,96059,96061],{"className":45,"code":96060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,96062,96063,96075,96089,96093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96064,96065,96067,96069,96071,96073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96066,34785],{"class":58},[52,96068,63],{"class":62},[52,96070,768],{"class":756},[52,96072,40235],{"class":760},[52,96074,3465],{"class":756},[52,96076,96077,96079,96081,96083,96085,96087],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,96078,2334],{"class":58},[52,96080,63],{"class":62},[52,96082,40347],{"class":1184},[52,96084,105],{"class":66},[52,96086,34806],{"class":108},[52,96088,112],{"class":66},[52,96090,96091],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96092,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,96094,96095,96097,96099,96101,96103,96105,96107,96109],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,96096,118],{"class":101},[52,96098,105],{"class":66},[52,96100,94869],{"class":101},[52,96102,105],{"class":66},[52,96104,2357],{"class":108},[52,96106,74],{"class":66},[52,96108,5586],{"class":70},[52,96110,510],{"class":66},[20,96112,311],{},[43,96114,96116],{"className":45,"code":96115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.1\n",[15,96117,96118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96119,96120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96121,96115],{"class":70},[461,96123,96125],{"id":96124},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,96127,96128,96130],{},[15,96129,94828],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,96132,96133,96134,1943,96138,242],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[236,96135,96136],{"href":2992},[15,96137,2995],{},[236,96139,96140],{"href":2986},[15,96141,2989],{},[38,96143,1919],{"id":1918},[461,96145,12792,96147,96149,96150,96152],{"id":96146},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,96148,94828],{}," always round ",[15,96151,40306],{}," up?",[20,96154,96155],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[461,96157,12792,96159,96161],{"id":96158},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,96160,94828],{}," change the original number?",[20,96163,96164],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[461,96166,1933,96168,96170],{"id":96167},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,96169,94828],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,96172,96173,96174,96176,96177,1943,96179,242],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,96175,94978],{}," value like ",[15,96178,65930],{},[15,96180,95478],{},[461,96182,28423,96184,96186,96187,1963],{"id":96183},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,96185,94828],{}," on a string like ",[15,96188,48177],{},[20,96190,96191,96192,1943,96194,242],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,96193,2995],{},[15,96195,2989],{},[38,96197,1986],{"id":1985},[153,96199,96200,96206,96212,96216],{},[156,96201,96202],{},[236,96203,13,96204,1999],{"href":2992},[15,96205,2995],{},[156,96207,96208],{},[236,96209,13,96210,1999],{"href":2986},[15,96211,2989],{},[156,96213,96214],{},[236,96215,2536],{"href":586},[156,96217,96218],{},[236,96219,42266],{"href":40981},[2029,96221,96222],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":96224},[96225,96226,96228,96229,96231,96233,96235,96236,96237,96239,96246,96256],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":94920,"depth":93,"text":96227},"What round() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":95074,"depth":93,"text":96230},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":95212,"depth":93,"text":96232},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":95369,"depth":93,"text":96234},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95490,"depth":93,"text":95491},{"id":95673,"depth":93,"text":95674},{"id":95821,"depth":93,"text":96238},"When to use round()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":96240},[96241,96243,96244,96245],{"id":95895,"depth":115,"text":96242},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95956,"depth":115,"text":95957},{"id":96042,"depth":115,"text":96043},{"id":96124,"depth":115,"text":96125},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":96247},[96248,96250,96252,96254],{"id":96146,"depth":115,"text":96249},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":96158,"depth":115,"text":96251},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":96167,"depth":115,"text":96253},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":96183,"depth":115,"text":96255},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94820,"description":96257},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":96264,"title":96265,"body":96266,"description":97451,"extension":2083,"meta":97452,"navigation":296,"path":97453,"seo":97454,"stem":97455,"__hash__":97456},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":96267,"toc":97425},[96268,96275,96281,96284,96286,96335,96339,96364,96369,96374,96379,96393,96404,96406,96425,96427,96443,96446,96457,96459,96461,96522,96526,96559,96566,96573,96576,96609,96612,96616,96619,96672,96676,96697,96703,96710,96717,96778,96786,96863,96867,96879,96888,96890,96896,96902,96906,96959,96962,97020,97024,97032,97035,97039,97042,97052,97054,97151,97154,97165,97168,97211,97215,97239,97242,97248,97250,97254,97279,97281,97348,97357,97359,97365,97370,97374,97377,97381,97388,97392,97397,97399,97416,97422],[10,96269,96271,96272,11411],{"id":96270},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,96273,96274],{},"add()",[20,96276,96277,96280],{},[15,96278,96279],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,96282,96283],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,96285,41],{"id":40},[43,96287,96289],{"className":45,"code":96288,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96290,96291,96311,96325],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96292,96293,96295,96297,96299,96301,96303,96305,96307,96309],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96294,59],{"class":58},[52,96296,63],{"class":62},[52,96298,10577],{"class":66},[52,96300,71],{"class":70},[52,96302,74],{"class":66},[52,96304,77],{"class":70},[52,96306,74],{"class":66},[52,96308,82],{"class":70},[52,96310,9394],{"class":66},[52,96312,96313,96315,96317,96319,96321,96323],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,96314,109],{"class":58},[52,96316,242],{"class":66},[52,96318,82179],{"class":108},[52,96320,105],{"class":66},[52,96322,1595],{"class":70},[52,96324,112],{"class":66},[52,96326,96327,96329,96331,96333],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96328,118],{"class":101},[52,96330,105],{"class":66},[52,96332,109],{"class":108},[52,96334,112],{"class":66},[20,96336,96337],{},[3842,96338,311],{},[43,96340,96342],{"className":45,"code":96341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,96343,96344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96345,96346,96348,96350,96352,96354,96356,96358,96360,96362],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96347,9363],{"class":66},[52,96349,71],{"class":70},[52,96351,74],{"class":66},[52,96353,77],{"class":70},[52,96355,74],{"class":66},[52,96357,82],{"class":70},[52,96359,74],{"class":66},[52,96361,87],{"class":70},[52,96363,9394],{"class":66},[20,96365,133,96366,96368],{},[15,96367,96274],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[38,96370,140,96372,143],{"id":96371},"what-setadd-does",[15,96373,96279],{},[20,96375,96376,96378],{},[15,96377,96279],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[153,96380,96381,96384,96387,96390],{},[156,96382,96383],{},"Adds one item to a set",[156,96385,96386],{},"Changes the original set in place",[156,96388,96389],{},"Does not return a new set",[156,96391,96392],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,96394,96395,96396,1943,96400,242],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[236,96397,96399],{"href":96398},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[236,96401,96403],{"href":96402},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[38,96405,181],{"id":180},[43,96407,96409],{"className":45,"code":96408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,96410,96411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96412,96413,96415,96417,96419,96421,96423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96414,15758],{"class":58},[52,96416,242],{"class":66},[52,96418,82179],{"class":108},[52,96420,105],{"class":66},[52,96422,23406],{"class":108},[52,96424,112],{"class":66},[20,96426,11548],{},[153,96428,96429,96434,96437],{},[156,96430,55989,96431,96433],{},[15,96432,96274],{}," on an existing set",[156,96435,96436],{},"Pass exactly one item",[156,96438,96439,96440],{},"The item must be ",[3842,96441,96442],{},"hashable",[20,96444,96445],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[153,96447,96448,96450,96452,96455],{},[156,96449,56541],{},[156,96451,56544],{},[156,96453,96454],{},"Tuples",[156,96456,40685],{},[38,96458,246],{"id":245},[20,96460,11566],{},[43,96462,96464],{"className":45,"code":96463,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,96465,96466,96490,96508,96512],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96467,96468,96470,96472,96474,96476,96478,96480,96482,96484,96486,96488],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96469,13165],{"class":58},[52,96471,63],{"class":62},[52,96473,10577],{"class":66},[52,96475,757],{"class":756},[52,96477,13182],{"class":760},[52,96479,757],{"class":756},[52,96481,74],{"class":66},[52,96483,768],{"class":756},[52,96485,13199],{"class":760},[52,96487,757],{"class":756},[52,96489,9394],{"class":66},[52,96491,96492,96494,96496,96498,96500,96502,96504,96506],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,96493,17596],{"class":58},[52,96495,242],{"class":66},[52,96497,82179],{"class":108},[52,96499,105],{"class":66},[52,96501,757],{"class":756},[52,96503,17549],{"class":760},[52,96505,757],{"class":756},[52,96507,112],{"class":66},[52,96509,96510],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96511,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,96513,96514,96516,96518,96520],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,96515,118],{"class":101},[52,96517,105],{"class":66},[52,96519,17596],{"class":108},[52,96521,112],{"class":66},[20,96523,96524],{},[3842,96525,30125],{},[43,96527,96529],{"className":45,"code":96528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96530,96531],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96532,96533,96535,96537,96539,96541,96543,96545,96547,96549,96551,96553,96555,96557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96534,9363],{"class":66},[52,96536,3406],{"class":756},[52,96538,13182],{"class":760},[52,96540,3406],{"class":756},[52,96542,74],{"class":66},[52,96544,3401],{"class":756},[52,96546,17549],{"class":760},[52,96548,3406],{"class":756},[52,96550,74],{"class":66},[52,96552,3401],{"class":756},[52,96554,13199],{"class":760},[52,96556,3406],{"class":756},[52,96558,9394],{"class":66},[20,96560,96561,96562,96565],{},"The new value ",[15,96563,96564],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96567,96568,96569,96572],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3842,96570,96571],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96574,96575],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[43,96577,96579],{"className":45,"code":96578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96580,96581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96582,96583,96585,96587,96589,96591,96593,96595,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96584,9363],{"class":66},[52,96586,3406],{"class":756},[52,96588,13199],{"class":760},[52,96590,3406],{"class":756},[52,96592,74],{"class":66},[52,96594,3401],{"class":756},[52,96596,13182],{"class":760},[52,96598,3406],{"class":756},[52,96600,74],{"class":66},[52,96602,3401],{"class":756},[52,96604,17549],{"class":760},[52,96606,3406],{"class":756},[52,96608,9394],{"class":66},[20,96610,96611],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[38,96613,96615],{"id":96614},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96617,96618],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[43,96620,96622],{"className":45,"code":96621,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96623,96624,96644,96658,96662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96625,96626,96628,96630,96632,96634,96636,96638,96640,96642],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96627,59],{"class":58},[52,96629,63],{"class":62},[52,96631,10577],{"class":66},[52,96633,71],{"class":70},[52,96635,74],{"class":66},[52,96637,77],{"class":70},[52,96639,74],{"class":66},[52,96641,82],{"class":70},[52,96643,9394],{"class":66},[52,96645,96646,96648,96650,96652,96654,96656],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,96647,109],{"class":58},[52,96649,242],{"class":66},[52,96651,82179],{"class":108},[52,96653,105],{"class":66},[52,96655,440],{"class":70},[52,96657,112],{"class":66},[52,96659,96660],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96661,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,96663,96664,96666,96668,96670],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,96665,118],{"class":101},[52,96667,105],{"class":66},[52,96669,109],{"class":108},[52,96671,112],{"class":66},[20,96673,96674],{},[3842,96675,311],{},[43,96677,96679],{"className":45,"code":96678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96680,96681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96682,96683,96685,96687,96689,96691,96693,96695],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96684,9363],{"class":66},[52,96686,71],{"class":70},[52,96688,74],{"class":66},[52,96690,77],{"class":70},[52,96692,74],{"class":66},[52,96694,82],{"class":70},[52,96696,9394],{"class":66},[20,96698,96699,96700,96702],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96701,440],{}," was already present.",[38,96704,96706,10672,96708],{"id":96705},"add-vs-update",[15,96707,96274],{},[15,96709,15045],{},[20,96711,133,96712,96714,96715,242],{},[15,96713,96274],{}," when you want to add ",[3842,96716,52738],{},[43,96718,96720],{"className":45,"code":96719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96721,96722,96746,96764,96768],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96723,96724,96726,96728,96730,96732,96734,96736,96738,96740,96742,96744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96725,1387],{"class":58},[52,96727,63],{"class":62},[52,96729,10577],{"class":66},[52,96731,757],{"class":756},[52,96733,236],{"class":760},[52,96735,757],{"class":756},[52,96737,74],{"class":66},[52,96739,768],{"class":756},[52,96741,4853],{"class":760},[52,96743,757],{"class":756},[52,96745,9394],{"class":66},[52,96747,96748,96750,96752,96754,96756,96758,96760,96762],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,96749,1458],{"class":58},[52,96751,242],{"class":66},[52,96753,82179],{"class":108},[52,96755,105],{"class":66},[52,96757,757],{"class":756},[52,96759,9825],{"class":760},[52,96761,757],{"class":756},[52,96763,112],{"class":66},[52,96765,96766],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96767,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,96769,96770,96772,96774,96776],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,96771,118],{"class":101},[52,96773,105],{"class":66},[52,96775,1458],{"class":108},[52,96777,112],{"class":66},[20,96779,133,96780,96714,96782,96785],{},[15,96781,15045],{},[3842,96783,96784],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[43,96787,96789],{"className":45,"code":96788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96790,96791,96815,96849,96853],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96792,96793,96795,96797,96799,96801,96803,96805,96807,96809,96811,96813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96794,1387],{"class":58},[52,96796,63],{"class":62},[52,96798,10577],{"class":66},[52,96800,757],{"class":756},[52,96802,236],{"class":760},[52,96804,757],{"class":756},[52,96806,74],{"class":66},[52,96808,768],{"class":756},[52,96810,4853],{"class":760},[52,96812,757],{"class":756},[52,96814,9394],{"class":66},[52,96816,96817,96819,96821,96823,96825,96827,96829,96831,96833,96835,96837,96839,96841,96843,96845,96847],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,96818,1458],{"class":58},[52,96820,242],{"class":66},[52,96822,30559],{"class":108},[52,96824,1058],{"class":66},[52,96826,757],{"class":756},[52,96828,9825],{"class":760},[52,96830,757],{"class":756},[52,96832,74],{"class":66},[52,96834,768],{"class":756},[52,96836,18861],{"class":760},[52,96838,757],{"class":756},[52,96840,74],{"class":66},[52,96842,768],{"class":756},[52,96844,60526],{"class":760},[52,96846,757],{"class":756},[52,96848,1858],{"class":66},[52,96850,96851],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96852,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,96854,96855,96857,96859,96861],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,96856,118],{"class":101},[52,96858,105],{"class":66},[52,96860,1458],{"class":108},[52,96862,112],{"class":66},[461,96864,96866],{"id":96865},"key-difference","Key difference",[153,96868,96869,96874],{},[156,96870,96871,96873],{},[15,96872,96274],{}," adds one item",[156,96875,96876,96878],{},[15,96877,15045],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96880,96881,96882,242],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[236,96883,96885,96886,10828],{"href":96884},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96887,15045],{},[38,96889,17512],{"id":17511},[20,96891,96892,2514,96894,242],{},[15,96893,96279],{},[15,96895,3878],{},[20,96897,96898,96899,96901],{},"That means you should ",[3842,96900,4722],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[461,96903,96905],{"id":96904},"correct","Correct",[43,96907,96909],{"className":45,"code":96908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96910,96911,96931,96945,96949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96912,96913,96915,96917,96919,96921,96923,96925,96927,96929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96914,15720],{"class":58},[52,96916,63],{"class":62},[52,96918,10577],{"class":66},[52,96920,71],{"class":70},[52,96922,74],{"class":66},[52,96924,77],{"class":70},[52,96926,74],{"class":66},[52,96928,82],{"class":70},[52,96930,9394],{"class":66},[52,96932,96933,96935,96937,96939,96941,96943],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,96934,15758],{"class":58},[52,96936,242],{"class":66},[52,96938,82179],{"class":108},[52,96940,105],{"class":66},[52,96942,1595],{"class":70},[52,96944,112],{"class":66},[52,96946,96947],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,96948,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,96950,96951,96953,96955,96957],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,96952,118],{"class":101},[52,96954,105],{"class":66},[52,96956,15758],{"class":108},[52,96958,112],{"class":66},[461,96960,96961],{"id":61845},"Wrong",[43,96963,96965],{"className":45,"code":96964,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96966,96967,96987,97006,97010],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,96968,96969,96971,96973,96975,96977,96979,96981,96983,96985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,96970,15720],{"class":58},[52,96972,63],{"class":62},[52,96974,10577],{"class":66},[52,96976,71],{"class":70},[52,96978,74],{"class":66},[52,96980,77],{"class":70},[52,96982,74],{"class":66},[52,96984,82],{"class":70},[52,96986,9394],{"class":66},[52,96988,96989,96991,96993,96996,96998,97000,97002,97004],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,96990,15720],{"class":58},[52,96992,63],{"class":62},[52,96994,96995],{"class":58}," my_set",[52,96997,242],{"class":66},[52,96999,82179],{"class":108},[52,97001,105],{"class":66},[52,97003,1595],{"class":70},[52,97005,112],{"class":66},[52,97007,97008],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97009,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97011,97012,97014,97016,97018],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,97013,118],{"class":101},[52,97015,105],{"class":66},[52,97017,15758],{"class":108},[52,97019,112],{"class":66},[20,97021,97022],{},[3842,97023,311],{},[43,97025,97026],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97027,97028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97029,97030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97031,11895],{"class":674},[20,97033,97034],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[38,97036,97038],{"id":97037},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,97040,97041],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[153,97043,97044,97046,97048,97050],{},[156,97045,56541],{},[156,97047,56544],{},[156,97049,96454],{},[156,97051,40685],{},[20,97053,2324],{},[43,97055,97057],{"className":45,"code":97056,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,97058,97059,97069,97073,97087,97105,97123,97137,97141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97060,97061,97063,97065,97067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97062,7863],{"class":58},[52,97064,63],{"class":62},[52,97066,15725],{"class":1184},[52,97068,8729],{"class":66},[52,97070,97071],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97072,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97074,97075,97077,97079,97081,97083,97085],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97076,7894],{"class":58},[52,97078,242],{"class":66},[52,97080,82179],{"class":108},[52,97082,105],{"class":66},[52,97084,430],{"class":70},[52,97086,112],{"class":66},[52,97088,97089,97091,97093,97095,97097,97099,97101,97103],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,97090,7894],{"class":58},[52,97092,242],{"class":66},[52,97094,82179],{"class":108},[52,97096,105],{"class":66},[52,97098,757],{"class":756},[52,97100,761],{"class":760},[52,97102,757],{"class":756},[52,97104,112],{"class":66},[52,97106,97107,97109,97111,97113,97115,97117,97119,97121],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,97108,7894],{"class":58},[52,97110,242],{"class":66},[52,97112,82179],{"class":108},[52,97114,5599],{"class":66},[52,97116,71],{"class":70},[52,97118,74],{"class":66},[52,97120,77],{"class":70},[52,97122,510],{"class":66},[52,97124,97125,97127,97129,97131,97133,97135],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,97126,7894],{"class":58},[52,97128,242],{"class":66},[52,97130,82179],{"class":108},[52,97132,105],{"class":66},[52,97134,173],{"class":674},[52,97136,112],{"class":66},[52,97138,97139],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,97140,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97142,97143,97145,97147,97149],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,97144,118],{"class":101},[52,97146,105],{"class":66},[52,97148,7894],{"class":108},[52,97150,112],{"class":66},[20,97152,97153],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[153,97155,97156,97159,97162],{},[156,97157,97158],{},"Lists",[156,97160,97161],{},"Dictionaries",[156,97163,97164],{},"Sets",[20,97166,97167],{},"Example that causes an error:",[43,97169,97171],{"className":45,"code":97170,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,97172,97173,97193],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97174,97175,97177,97179,97181,97183,97185,97187,97189,97191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97176,7863],{"class":58},[52,97178,63],{"class":62},[52,97180,10577],{"class":66},[52,97182,71],{"class":70},[52,97184,74],{"class":66},[52,97186,77],{"class":70},[52,97188,74],{"class":66},[52,97190,82],{"class":70},[52,97192,9394],{"class":66},[52,97194,97195,97197,97199,97201,97203,97205,97207,97209],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97196,7894],{"class":58},[52,97198,242],{"class":66},[52,97200,82179],{"class":108},[52,97202,1058],{"class":66},[52,97204,1595],{"class":70},[52,97206,74],{"class":66},[52,97208,4696],{"class":70},[52,97210,1858],{"class":66},[20,97212,97213],{},[3842,97214,29776],{},[43,97216,97218],{"className":45,"code":97217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,97219,97220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97221,97222,97224,97226,97229,97231,97233,97235,97237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97223,1979],{"class":1184},[52,97225,1772],{"class":66},[52,97227,97228],{"class":58}," unhashable ",[52,97230,1827],{"class":1184},[52,97232,1772],{"class":66},[52,97234,3401],{"class":756},[52,97236,8179],{"class":760},[52,97238,29795],{"class":756},[20,97240,97241],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,97243,97244,97245,242],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,97246,97247],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[38,97249,1766],{"id":1765},[20,97251,14824,97252,1772],{},[15,97253,96279],{},[153,97255,97256,97261,97266,97269,97276],{},[156,97257,1372,97258,97260],{},[15,97259,96274],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[156,97262,8538,97263,97265],{},[15,97264,96274],{}," to return the updated set",[156,97267,97268],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[156,97270,37298,97271,97273,97274],{},[15,97272,96279],{}," with list ",[15,97275,52734],{},[156,97277,97278],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,97280,71580],{},[43,97282,97284],{"className":45,"code":97283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,97285,97286,97296,97310,97320,97334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97287,97288,97290,97292,97294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97289,118],{"class":101},[52,97291,105],{"class":66},[52,97293,15758],{"class":108},[52,97295,112],{"class":66},[52,97297,97298,97300,97302,97304,97306,97308],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97299,118],{"class":101},[52,97301,105],{"class":66},[52,97303,1827],{"class":1184},[52,97305,105],{"class":66},[52,97307,15758],{"class":108},[52,97309,510],{"class":66},[52,97311,97312,97314,97316,97318],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97313,118],{"class":101},[52,97315,105],{"class":66},[52,97317,2588],{"class":108},[52,97319,112],{"class":66},[52,97321,97322,97324,97326,97328,97330,97332],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,97323,118],{"class":101},[52,97325,105],{"class":66},[52,97327,1827],{"class":1184},[52,97329,105],{"class":66},[52,97331,2588],{"class":108},[52,97333,510],{"class":66},[52,97335,97336,97338,97340,97342,97344,97346],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,97337,32248],{"class":101},[52,97339,105],{"class":66},[52,97341,6372],{"class":1184},[52,97343,242],{"class":66},[52,97345,82179],{"class":24845},[52,97347,112],{"class":66},[20,97349,97350,97351,97353,97354,242],{},"Also remember that ",[15,97352,96279],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[236,97355,53131],{"href":97356},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[38,97358,1919],{"id":1918},[461,97360,12792,97362,97364],{"id":97361},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,97363,96279],{}," return a new set?",[20,97366,97367,97368,242],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,97369,3878],{},[461,97371,97373],{"id":97372},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,97375,97376],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[461,97378,97380],{"id":97379},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,97382,133,97383,11180,97386,242],{},[15,97384,97385],{},"set.update()",[15,97387,96274],{},[461,97389,97391],{"id":97390},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,97393,97394,97395,242],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,97396,1979],{},[38,97398,1986],{"id":1985},[153,97400,97401,97405,97410],{},[156,97402,97403],{},[236,97404,96399],{"href":96398},[156,97406,97407],{},[236,97408,97409],{"href":96402},"How to create a set in Python",[156,97411,97412],{},[236,97413,96885,97414,10828],{"href":96884},[15,97415,15045],{},[20,97417,97418,97419,97421],{},"Once you understand ",[15,97420,96274],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[2029,97423,97424],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":97426},[97427,97428,97430,97431,97432,97433,97437,97441,97442,97443,97450],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":96371,"depth":93,"text":97429},"What set.add() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":96614,"depth":93,"text":96615},{"id":96705,"depth":93,"text":97434,"children":97435},"add() vs update()",[97436],{"id":96865,"depth":115,"text":96866},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512,"children":97438},[97439,97440],{"id":96904,"depth":115,"text":96905},{"id":61845,"depth":115,"text":96961},{"id":97037,"depth":93,"text":97038},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":97444},[97445,97447,97448,97449],{"id":97361,"depth":115,"text":97446},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":97372,"depth":115,"text":97373},{"id":97379,"depth":115,"text":97380},{"id":97390,"depth":115,"text":97391},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":96265,"description":97451},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":97458,"title":97459,"body":97460,"description":98629,"extension":2083,"meta":98630,"navigation":296,"path":98631,"seo":98632,"stem":98633,"__hash__":98634},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":97461,"toc":98596},[97462,97467,97473,97480,97525,97527,97538,97543,97548,97552,97566,97571,97573,97575,97590,97592,97606,97608,97610,97675,97677,97687,97689,97707,97713,97720,97725,97799,97801,97818,97824,97829,97900,97902,97929,97946,97949,97955,97957,97964,97968,98035,98037,98052,98055,98108,98110,98118,98130,98132,98136,98141,98143,98192,98194,98202,98204,98249,98251,98261,98267,98275,98288,98294,98296,98325,98327,98345,98349,98352,98383,98385,98403,98407,98482,98484,98500,98507,98509,98514,98519,98525,98528,98532,98540,98547,98555,98557,98593],[10,97463,96271,97465,11411],{"id":97464},"python-set-clear-method",[15,97466,11410],{},[20,97468,97469,97472],{},[15,97470,97471],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,97474,97475,97476,97479],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3842,97477,97478],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[43,97481,97483],{"className":45,"code":97482,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97484,97485,97505,97515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97486,97487,97489,97491,97493,97495,97497,97499,97501,97503],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97488,59],{"class":58},[52,97490,63],{"class":62},[52,97492,10577],{"class":66},[52,97494,71],{"class":70},[52,97496,74],{"class":66},[52,97498,77],{"class":70},[52,97500,74],{"class":66},[52,97502,82],{"class":70},[52,97504,9394],{"class":66},[52,97506,97507,97509,97511,97513],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97508,109],{"class":58},[52,97510,242],{"class":66},[52,97512,11472],{"class":108},[52,97514,8729],{"class":66},[52,97516,97517,97519,97521,97523],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97518,118],{"class":101},[52,97520,105],{"class":66},[52,97522,109],{"class":108},[52,97524,112],{"class":66},[20,97526,311],{},[43,97528,97530],{"className":45,"code":97529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n",[15,97531,97532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97533,97534,97536],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97535,6372],{"class":1184},[52,97537,8729],{"class":66},[20,97539,97540,97542],{},[15,97541,11410],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[38,97544,140,97546,143],{"id":97545},"what-setclear-does",[15,97547,97471],{},[20,97549,2100,97550,11502],{},[15,97551,11410],{},[153,97553,97554,97557,97559,97563],{},[156,97555,97556],{},"Removes every item from a set",[156,97558,96386],{},[156,97560,11513,97561],{},[15,97562,3878],{},[156,97564,97565],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97567,96395,97568,71679],{},[236,97569,96399],{"href":97570},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[38,97572,181],{"id":180},[20,97574,54527],{},[43,97576,97578],{"className":45,"code":97577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97579,97580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97581,97582,97584,97586,97588],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97583,15758],{"class":58},[52,97585,242],{"class":66},[52,97587,11472],{"class":108},[52,97589,8729],{"class":66},[20,97591,13141],{},[153,97593,97594,97597,97600,97603],{},[156,97595,97596],{},"It takes no arguments",[156,97598,97599],{},"It empties the set",[156,97601,97602],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[156,97604,97605],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[38,97607,246],{"id":245},[20,97609,11566],{},[43,97611,97613],{"className":45,"code":97612,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97614,97615,97647,97651,97661,97665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97616,97617,97619,97621,97623,97625,97627,97629,97631,97633,97635,97637,97639,97641,97643,97645],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97618,13165],{"class":58},[52,97620,63],{"class":62},[52,97622,10577],{"class":66},[52,97624,757],{"class":756},[52,97626,13182],{"class":760},[52,97628,757],{"class":756},[52,97630,74],{"class":66},[52,97632,768],{"class":756},[52,97634,17549],{"class":760},[52,97636,757],{"class":756},[52,97638,74],{"class":66},[52,97640,768],{"class":756},[52,97642,13199],{"class":760},[52,97644,757],{"class":756},[52,97646,9394],{"class":66},[52,97648,97649],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97650,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97652,97653,97655,97657,97659],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97654,17596],{"class":58},[52,97656,242],{"class":66},[52,97658,11472],{"class":108},[52,97660,8729],{"class":66},[52,97662,97663],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,97664,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97666,97667,97669,97671,97673],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,97668,118],{"class":101},[52,97670,105],{"class":66},[52,97672,17596],{"class":108},[52,97674,112],{"class":66},[20,97676,311],{},[43,97678,97679],{"className":45,"code":97529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,97680,97681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97682,97683,97685],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97684,6372],{"class":1184},[52,97686,8729],{"class":66},[20,97688,323],{},[153,97690,97691,97696,97701],{},[156,97692,97693,97695],{},[15,97694,17596],{}," starts with three values",[156,97697,97698,11784],{},[15,97699,97700],{},"colors.clear()",[156,97702,97703,97704,97706],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97705,3897],{},", which means an empty set",[38,97708,97710,97712],{"id":97709},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97711,11410],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97714,97715,652,97717,97719],{},[15,97716,11410],{},[15,97718,3897],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[461,97721,1372,97723],{"id":97722},"using-clear",[15,97724,11410],{},[43,97726,97728],{"className":45,"code":97727,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97729,97730,97750,97760,97764,97774,97778,97788],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97731,97732,97734,97736,97738,97740,97742,97744,97746,97748],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97733,7863],{"class":58},[52,97735,63],{"class":62},[52,97737,10577],{"class":66},[52,97739,71],{"class":70},[52,97741,74],{"class":66},[52,97743,77],{"class":70},[52,97745,74],{"class":66},[52,97747,82],{"class":70},[52,97749,9394],{"class":66},[52,97751,97752,97755,97757],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97753,97754],{"class":58},"other_name ",[52,97756,63],{"class":62},[52,97758,97759],{"class":58}," items\n",[52,97761,97762],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97763,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97765,97766,97768,97770,97772],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,97767,7894],{"class":58},[52,97769,242],{"class":66},[52,97771,11472],{"class":108},[52,97773,8729],{"class":66},[52,97775,97776],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,97777,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97779,97780,97782,97784,97786],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,97781,118],{"class":101},[52,97783,105],{"class":66},[52,97785,7894],{"class":108},[52,97787,112],{"class":66},[52,97789,97790,97792,97794,97797],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,97791,118],{"class":101},[52,97793,105],{"class":66},[52,97795,97796],{"class":108},"other_name",[52,97798,112],{"class":66},[20,97800,311],{},[43,97802,97804],{"className":45,"code":97803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97805,97806,97812],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97807,97808,97810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97809,6372],{"class":1184},[52,97811,8729],{"class":66},[52,97813,97814,97816],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97815,6372],{"class":1184},[52,97817,8729],{"class":66},[20,97819,97820,97821,242],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3842,97822,97823],{},"same set object",[461,97825,1372,97827],{"id":97826},"using-set",[15,97828,3897],{},[43,97830,97832],{"className":45,"code":97831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97833,97834,97854,97862,97866,97876,97880,97890],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97835,97836,97838,97840,97842,97844,97846,97848,97850,97852],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97837,7863],{"class":58},[52,97839,63],{"class":62},[52,97841,10577],{"class":66},[52,97843,71],{"class":70},[52,97845,74],{"class":66},[52,97847,77],{"class":70},[52,97849,74],{"class":66},[52,97851,82],{"class":70},[52,97853,9394],{"class":66},[52,97855,97856,97858,97860],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97857,97754],{"class":58},[52,97859,63],{"class":62},[52,97861,97759],{"class":58},[52,97863,97864],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,97865,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97867,97868,97870,97872,97874],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,97869,7863],{"class":58},[52,97871,63],{"class":62},[52,97873,15725],{"class":1184},[52,97875,8729],{"class":66},[52,97877,97878],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,97879,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97881,97882,97884,97886,97888],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,97883,118],{"class":101},[52,97885,105],{"class":66},[52,97887,7894],{"class":108},[52,97889,112],{"class":66},[52,97891,97892,97894,97896,97898],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,97893,118],{"class":101},[52,97895,105],{"class":66},[52,97897,97796],{"class":108},[52,97899,112],{"class":66},[20,97901,311],{},[43,97903,97905],{"className":45,"code":97904,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97906,97907,97913],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97908,97909,97911],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97910,6372],{"class":1184},[52,97912,8729],{"class":66},[52,97914,97915,97917,97919,97921,97923,97925,97927],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97916,9363],{"class":66},[52,97918,71],{"class":70},[52,97920,74],{"class":66},[52,97922,77],{"class":70},[52,97924,74],{"class":66},[52,97926,82],{"class":70},[52,97928,9394],{"class":66},[20,97930,20865,97931,93163,97934,97937,97938,242,97940,97942,97943,97945],{},[15,97932,97933],{},"items = set()",[3842,97935,97936],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97939,7894],{},[9932,97941],{},"\nBut ",[15,97944,97796],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97947,97948],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97950,97951,97952,242],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[236,97953,96403],{"href":97954},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[38,97956,17512],{"id":17511},[20,97958,97959,14144,97961,97963],{},[15,97960,11410],{},[3842,97962,4722],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97965,5240,97966,242],{},[15,97967,3878],{},[43,97969,97971],{"className":45,"code":97970,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97972,97973,97993,97997,98011,98015,98025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,97974,97975,97977,97979,97981,97983,97985,97987,97989,97991],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,97976,59],{"class":58},[52,97978,63],{"class":62},[52,97980,10577],{"class":66},[52,97982,71],{"class":70},[52,97984,74],{"class":66},[52,97986,77],{"class":70},[52,97988,74],{"class":66},[52,97990,82],{"class":70},[52,97992,9394],{"class":66},[52,97994,97995],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,97996,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,97998,97999,98001,98003,98005,98007,98009],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98000,2347],{"class":58},[52,98002,63],{"class":62},[52,98004,1686],{"class":58},[52,98006,242],{"class":66},[52,98008,11472],{"class":108},[52,98010,8729],{"class":66},[52,98012,98013],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,98014,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,98016,98017,98019,98021,98023],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,98018,118],{"class":101},[52,98020,105],{"class":66},[52,98022,2382],{"class":108},[52,98024,112],{"class":66},[52,98026,98027,98029,98031,98033],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,98028,118],{"class":101},[52,98030,105],{"class":66},[52,98032,109],{"class":108},[52,98034,112],{"class":66},[20,98036,311],{},[43,98038,98040],{"className":45,"code":98039,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"None\nset()\n",[15,98041,98042,98046],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98043,98044],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98045,11895],{"class":674},[52,98047,98048,98050],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98049,6372],{"class":1184},[52,98051,8729],{"class":66},[20,98053,98054],{},"Do not do this:",[43,98056,98058],{"className":45,"code":98057,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98059,98060,98080,98094,98098],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98061,98062,98064,98066,98068,98070,98072,98074,98076,98078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98063,59],{"class":58},[52,98065,63],{"class":62},[52,98067,10577],{"class":66},[52,98069,71],{"class":70},[52,98071,74],{"class":66},[52,98073,77],{"class":70},[52,98075,74],{"class":66},[52,98077,82],{"class":70},[52,98079,9394],{"class":66},[52,98081,98082,98084,98086,98088,98090,98092],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98083,59],{"class":58},[52,98085,63],{"class":62},[52,98087,1686],{"class":58},[52,98089,242],{"class":66},[52,98091,11472],{"class":108},[52,98093,8729],{"class":66},[52,98095,98096],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98097,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,98099,98100,98102,98104,98106],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,98101,118],{"class":101},[52,98103,105],{"class":66},[52,98105,109],{"class":108},[52,98107,112],{"class":66},[20,98109,311],{},[43,98111,98112],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98113,98114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98115,98116],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98117,11895],{"class":674},[20,98119,22284,98120,2514,98122,98124,98125,98127,98128,242],{},[15,98121,54640],{},[15,98123,3878],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,98126,3878],{}," back to ",[15,98129,109],{},[38,98131,4610],{"id":4609},[20,98133,10835,98134,242],{},[15,98135,97471],{},[461,98137,12682,98139],{"id":98138},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,98140,11410],{},[20,98142,16736],{},[43,98144,98146],{"className":45,"code":98145,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98147,98148,98168,98182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98149,98150,98152,98154,98156,98158,98160,98162,98164,98166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98151,15720],{"class":58},[52,98153,63],{"class":62},[52,98155,10577],{"class":66},[52,98157,71],{"class":70},[52,98159,74],{"class":66},[52,98161,77],{"class":70},[52,98163,74],{"class":66},[52,98165,82],{"class":70},[52,98167,9394],{"class":66},[52,98169,98170,98172,98174,98176,98178,98180],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98171,15720],{"class":58},[52,98173,63],{"class":62},[52,98175,96995],{"class":58},[52,98177,242],{"class":66},[52,98179,11472],{"class":108},[52,98181,8729],{"class":66},[52,98183,98184,98186,98188,98190],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98185,118],{"class":101},[52,98187,105],{"class":66},[52,98189,15758],{"class":108},[52,98191,112],{"class":66},[20,98193,311],{},[43,98195,98196],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98197,98198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98199,98200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98201,11895],{"class":674},[20,98203,16748],{},[43,98205,98207],{"className":45,"code":98206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,98208,98209,98229,98239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98210,98211,98213,98215,98217,98219,98221,98223,98225,98227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98212,15720],{"class":58},[52,98214,63],{"class":62},[52,98216,10577],{"class":66},[52,98218,71],{"class":70},[52,98220,74],{"class":66},[52,98222,77],{"class":70},[52,98224,74],{"class":66},[52,98226,82],{"class":70},[52,98228,9394],{"class":66},[52,98230,98231,98233,98235,98237],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98232,15758],{"class":58},[52,98234,242],{"class":66},[52,98236,11472],{"class":108},[52,98238,8729],{"class":66},[52,98240,98241,98243,98245,98247],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98242,118],{"class":101},[52,98244,105],{"class":66},[52,98246,15758],{"class":108},[52,98248,112],{"class":66},[20,98250,311],{},[43,98252,98253],{"className":45,"code":97529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98254,98255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98256,98257,98259],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98258,6372],{"class":1184},[52,98260,8729],{"class":66},[461,98262,8538,98264,98266],{"id":98263},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,98265,11410],{}," to remove only one item",[20,98268,98269,98271,98272,98274],{},[15,98270,11410],{}," removes ",[3842,98273,3815],{}," items from the set.",[20,98276,98277,98278,1943,98283,242],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[236,98279,98281],{"href":98280},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,98282,55609],{},[236,98284,98286],{"href":98285},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,98287,12851],{},[461,98289,1372,98291,98293],{"id":98290},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,98292,3892],{}," for an empty set",[20,98295,25785],{},[43,98297,98299],{"className":45,"code":98298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98300,98301,98310],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98302,98303,98306,98308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98304,98305],{"class":58},"empty_value ",[52,98307,63],{"class":62},[52,98309,9924],{"class":66},[52,98311,98312,98314,98316,98318,98320,98323],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98313,118],{"class":101},[52,98315,105],{"class":66},[52,98317,1827],{"class":1184},[52,98319,105],{"class":66},[52,98321,98322],{"class":108},"empty_value",[52,98324,510],{"class":66},[20,98326,311],{},[43,98328,98329],{"className":45,"code":8895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98330,98331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98332,98333,98335,98337,98339,98341,98343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98334,3395],{"class":62},[52,98336,3398],{"class":2184},[52,98338,3401],{"class":756},[52,98340,8908],{"class":760},[52,98342,3406],{"class":756},[52,98344,3409],{"class":62},[20,98346,98347,8875],{},[15,98348,3892],{},[20,98350,98351],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[43,98353,98355],{"className":45,"code":98354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98356,98357,98368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98358,98359,98362,98364,98366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98360,98361],{"class":58},"empty_set ",[52,98363,63],{"class":62},[52,98365,15725],{"class":1184},[52,98367,8729],{"class":66},[52,98369,98370,98372,98374,98376,98378,98381],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98371,118],{"class":101},[52,98373,105],{"class":66},[52,98375,1827],{"class":1184},[52,98377,105],{"class":66},[52,98379,98380],{"class":108},"empty_set",[52,98382,510],{"class":66},[20,98384,311],{},[43,98386,98387],{"className":45,"code":8939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98388,98389],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98390,98391,98393,98395,98397,98399,98401],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98392,3395],{"class":62},[52,98394,3398],{"class":2184},[52,98396,3401],{"class":756},[52,98398,6372],{"class":760},[52,98400,3406],{"class":756},[52,98402,3409],{"class":62},[461,98404,98406],{"id":98405},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[43,98408,98410],{"className":45,"code":98409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,98411,98412,98436,98444,98448,98458,98462,98472],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98413,98414,98416,98418,98420,98422,98424,98426,98428,98430,98432,98434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98415,2668],{"class":58},[52,98417,63],{"class":62},[52,98419,10577],{"class":66},[52,98421,757],{"class":756},[52,98423,1190],{"class":760},[52,98425,757],{"class":756},[52,98427,74],{"class":66},[52,98429,768],{"class":756},[52,98431,1405],{"class":760},[52,98433,757],{"class":756},[52,98435,9394],{"class":66},[52,98437,98438,98440,98442],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98439,2696],{"class":58},[52,98441,63],{"class":62},[52,98443,36271],{"class":58},[52,98445,98446],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98447,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,98449,98450,98452,98454,98456],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,98451,236],{"class":58},[52,98453,242],{"class":66},[52,98455,11472],{"class":108},[52,98457,8729],{"class":66},[52,98459,98460],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,98461,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,98463,98464,98466,98468,98470],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,98465,118],{"class":101},[52,98467,105],{"class":66},[52,98469,236],{"class":108},[52,98471,112],{"class":66},[52,98473,98474,98476,98478,98480],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,98475,118],{"class":101},[52,98477,105],{"class":66},[52,98479,4853],{"class":108},[52,98481,112],{"class":66},[20,98483,311],{},[43,98485,98486],{"className":45,"code":97803,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98487,98488,98494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98489,98490,98492],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98491,6372],{"class":1184},[52,98493,8729],{"class":66},[52,98495,98496,98498],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98497,6372],{"class":1184},[52,98499,8729],{"class":66},[20,98501,29156,98502,652,98504,98506],{},[15,98503,236],{},[15,98505,4853],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[38,98508,1919],{"id":1918},[461,98510,1923,98512,1926],{"id":98511},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98513,97471],{},[20,98515,5240,98516,98518],{},[15,98517,3878],{},". It empties the set in place.",[461,98520,12792,98522,98524],{"id":98521},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98523,11410],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98526,98527],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[461,98529,98531],{"id":98530},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98533,98534,98535,98537,98538,242],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98536,11410],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98539,3897],{},[461,98541,5270,98543,652,98545,1963],{"id":98542},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98544,11410],{},[15,98546,3897],{},[20,98548,98549,98551,98552,98554],{},[15,98550,11410],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98553,3897],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[38,98556,1986],{"id":1985},[153,98558,98559,98563,98567,98574,98580,98586],{},[156,98560,98561],{},[236,98562,96399],{"href":97570},[156,98564,98565],{},[236,98566,97409],{"href":97954},[156,98568,98569],{},[236,98570,96885,98572,10828],{"href":98571},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98573,96274],{},[156,98575,98576],{},[236,98577,96885,98578,10828],{"href":98280},[15,98579,55609],{},[156,98581,98582],{},[236,98583,96885,98584,10828],{"href":98285},[15,98585,12851],{},[156,98587,98588],{},[236,98589,96885,98591,10828],{"href":98590},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98592,15045],{},[2029,98594,98595],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":98597},[98598,98600,98601,98602,98609,98610,98619,98628],{"id":97545,"depth":93,"text":98599},"What set.clear() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":97709,"depth":93,"text":98603,"children":98604},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98605,98607],{"id":97722,"depth":115,"text":98606},"Using clear()",{"id":97826,"depth":115,"text":98608},"Using set()",{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":98611},[98612,98614,98616,98618],{"id":98138,"depth":115,"text":98613},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":98263,"depth":115,"text":98615},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":98290,"depth":115,"text":98617},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":98405,"depth":115,"text":98406},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":98620},[98621,98623,98625,98626],{"id":98511,"depth":115,"text":98622},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98521,"depth":115,"text":98624},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98530,"depth":115,"text":98531},{"id":98542,"depth":115,"text":98627},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":97459,"description":98629},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98636,"title":98637,"body":98638,"description":100470,"extension":2083,"meta":100471,"navigation":296,"path":96402,"seo":100472,"stem":100473,"__hash__":100474},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98639,"toc":100427},[98640,98643,98646,98649,98651,98754,98758,98805,98811,98813,98832,98836,98839,98841,98855,98864,98868,98871,98906,98910,98930,98933,98937,98940,99001,99005,99030,99037,99043,99048,99050,99062,99066,99115,99119,99143,99150,99154,99195,99199,99220,99224,99257,99261,99302,99305,99309,99314,99353,99357,99382,99387,99393,99430,99434,99457,99461,99463,99466,99469,99546,99550,99587,99590,99594,99600,99603,99613,99662,99668,99674,99701,99704,99726,99728,99759,99762,99766,99770,99809,99813,99876,99879,99912,99916,99941,99943,99946,99952,99955,99982,99985,100003,100007,100011,100014,100057,100060,100064,100067,100070,100100,100103,100107,100110,100125,100130,100134,100137,100226,100228,100231,100321,100324,100342,100344,100348,100358,100362,100370,100374,100377,100381,100384,100388,100391,100393,100421,100424],[10,98641,98637],{"id":98642},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98644,98645],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98647,98648],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[38,98650,3712],{"id":3711},[43,98652,98654],{"className":45,"code":98653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98655,98656,98676,98710,98720,98724,98734,98744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98657,98658,98660,98662,98664,98666,98668,98670,98672,98674],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98659,59],{"class":58},[52,98661,63],{"class":62},[52,98663,10577],{"class":66},[52,98665,71],{"class":70},[52,98667,74],{"class":66},[52,98669,77],{"class":70},[52,98671,74],{"class":66},[52,98673,82],{"class":70},[52,98675,9394],{"class":66},[52,98677,98678,98680,98682,98684,98686,98688,98690,98692,98694,98696,98698,98700,98702,98704,98706,98708],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98679,749],{"class":58},[52,98681,63],{"class":62},[52,98683,15725],{"class":1184},[52,98685,1058],{"class":66},[52,98687,757],{"class":756},[52,98689,4171],{"class":760},[52,98691,757],{"class":756},[52,98693,74],{"class":66},[52,98695,768],{"class":756},[52,98697,4180],{"class":760},[52,98699,757],{"class":756},[52,98701,74],{"class":66},[52,98703,768],{"class":756},[52,98705,4171],{"class":760},[52,98707,757],{"class":756},[52,98709,1858],{"class":66},[52,98711,98712,98714,98716,98718],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98713,98361],{"class":58},[52,98715,63],{"class":62},[52,98717,15725],{"class":1184},[52,98719,8729],{"class":66},[52,98721,98722],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,98723,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,98725,98726,98728,98730,98732],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,98727,118],{"class":101},[52,98729,105],{"class":66},[52,98731,109],{"class":108},[52,98733,112],{"class":66},[52,98735,98736,98738,98740,98742],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,98737,118],{"class":101},[52,98739,105],{"class":66},[52,98741,788],{"class":108},[52,98743,112],{"class":66},[52,98745,98746,98748,98750,98752],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,98747,118],{"class":101},[52,98749,105],{"class":66},[52,98751,98380],{"class":108},[52,98753,112],{"class":66},[20,98755,98756],{},[3842,98757,311],{},[43,98759,98761],{"className":45,"code":98760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98762,98763,98779,98799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98764,98765,98767,98769,98771,98773,98775,98777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98766,9363],{"class":66},[52,98768,71],{"class":70},[52,98770,74],{"class":66},[52,98772,77],{"class":70},[52,98774,74],{"class":66},[52,98776,82],{"class":70},[52,98778,9394],{"class":66},[52,98780,98781,98783,98785,98787,98789,98791,98793,98795,98797],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98782,9363],{"class":66},[52,98784,3406],{"class":756},[52,98786,4180],{"class":760},[52,98788,3406],{"class":756},[52,98790,74],{"class":66},[52,98792,3401],{"class":756},[52,98794,4171],{"class":760},[52,98796,3406],{"class":756},[52,98798,9394],{"class":66},[52,98800,98801,98803],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98802,6372],{"class":1184},[52,98804,8729],{"class":66},[20,98806,98807,98808,98810],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98809,3897],{}," for an empty set.",[38,98812,15254],{"id":15253},[153,98814,98815,98818,98823,98826,98829],{},[156,98816,98817],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[156,98819,98820,98821],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98822,3897],{},[156,98824,98825],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[156,98827,98828],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[156,98830,98831],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[38,98833,98835],{"id":98834},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98837,98838],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98840,30635],{},[153,98842,98843,98846,98849,98852],{},[156,98844,98845],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[156,98847,98848],{},"Sets are unordered",[156,98850,98851],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[156,98853,98854],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98856,98857,98858,1943,98860,242],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[236,98859,96399],{"href":97570},[236,98861,98863],{"href":98862},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[38,98865,98867],{"id":98866},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98869,98870],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[43,98872,98874],{"className":45,"code":98873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98875,98876,98896],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98877,98878,98880,98882,98884,98886,98888,98890,98892,98894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98879,59],{"class":58},[52,98881,63],{"class":62},[52,98883,10577],{"class":66},[52,98885,71],{"class":70},[52,98887,74],{"class":66},[52,98889,77],{"class":70},[52,98891,74],{"class":66},[52,98893,82],{"class":70},[52,98895,9394],{"class":66},[52,98897,98898,98900,98902,98904],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98899,118],{"class":101},[52,98901,105],{"class":66},[52,98903,109],{"class":108},[52,98905,112],{"class":66},[20,98907,98908],{},[3842,98909,30125],{},[43,98911,98912],{"className":45,"code":96678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,98913,98914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98915,98916,98918,98920,98922,98924,98926,98928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98917,9363],{"class":66},[52,98919,71],{"class":70},[52,98921,74],{"class":66},[52,98923,77],{"class":70},[52,98925,74],{"class":66},[52,98927,82],{"class":70},[52,98929,9394],{"class":66},[20,98931,98932],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[461,98934,98936],{"id":98935},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98938,98939],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[43,98941,98943],{"className":45,"code":98942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98944,98945,98977,98987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,98946,98947,98949,98951,98953,98955,98957,98959,98961,98963,98965,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,98948,59],{"class":58},[52,98950,63],{"class":62},[52,98952,10577],{"class":66},[52,98954,71],{"class":70},[52,98956,74],{"class":66},[52,98958,77],{"class":70},[52,98960,74],{"class":66},[52,98962,77],{"class":70},[52,98964,74],{"class":66},[52,98966,82],{"class":70},[52,98968,74],{"class":66},[52,98970,82],{"class":70},[52,98972,74],{"class":66},[52,98974,82],{"class":70},[52,98976,9394],{"class":66},[52,98978,98979,98981,98983,98985],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,98980,118],{"class":101},[52,98982,105],{"class":66},[52,98984,109],{"class":108},[52,98986,112],{"class":66},[52,98988,98989,98991,98993,98995,98997,98999],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,98990,118],{"class":101},[52,98992,105],{"class":66},[52,98994,11250],{"class":101},[52,98996,105],{"class":66},[52,98998,109],{"class":108},[52,99000,510],{"class":66},[20,99002,99003],{},[3842,99004,30125],{},[43,99006,99008],{"className":45,"code":99007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,99009,99010,99026],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99011,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99013,9363],{"class":66},[52,99015,71],{"class":70},[52,99017,74],{"class":66},[52,99019,77],{"class":70},[52,99021,74],{"class":66},[52,99023,82],{"class":70},[52,99025,9394],{"class":66},[52,99027,99028],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99029,710],{"class":70},[20,99031,21072,99032,652,99034,99036],{},[15,99033,440],{},[15,99035,445],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[38,99038,99040,99041],{"id":99039},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,99042,3897],{},[20,99044,133,99045,99047],{},[15,99046,3897],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,99049,5546],{},[153,99051,99052,99054,99056,99058],{},[156,99053,97158],{},[156,99055,96454],{},[156,99057,56544],{},[156,99059,99060],{},[15,99061,167],{},[461,99063,99065],{"id":99064},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[43,99067,99069],{"className":45,"code":99068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99070,99071,99105],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99072,99073,99075,99077,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99074,59],{"class":58},[52,99076,63],{"class":62},[52,99078,15725],{"class":1184},[52,99080,1058],{"class":66},[52,99082,71],{"class":70},[52,99084,74],{"class":66},[52,99086,77],{"class":70},[52,99088,74],{"class":66},[52,99090,77],{"class":70},[52,99092,74],{"class":66},[52,99094,82],{"class":70},[52,99096,74],{"class":66},[52,99098,82],{"class":70},[52,99100,74],{"class":66},[52,99102,87],{"class":70},[52,99104,1858],{"class":66},[52,99106,99107,99109,99111,99113],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99108,118],{"class":101},[52,99110,105],{"class":66},[52,99112,109],{"class":108},[52,99114,112],{"class":66},[20,99116,99117],{},[3842,99118,30125],{},[43,99120,99121],{"className":45,"code":96341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99122,99123],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99124,99125,99127,99129,99131,99133,99135,99137,99139,99141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99126,9363],{"class":66},[52,99128,71],{"class":70},[52,99130,74],{"class":66},[52,99132,77],{"class":70},[52,99134,74],{"class":66},[52,99136,82],{"class":70},[52,99138,74],{"class":66},[52,99140,87],{"class":70},[52,99142,9394],{"class":66},[20,99144,99145,99146,242],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[236,99147,99149],{"href":99148},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[461,99151,99153],{"id":99152},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[43,99155,99157],{"className":45,"code":99156,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,99158,99159,99185],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99160,99161,99163,99165,99167,99169,99171,99173,99175,99177,99179,99181,99183],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99162,474],{"class":58},[52,99164,63],{"class":62},[52,99166,15725],{"class":1184},[52,99168,5599],{"class":66},[52,99170,430],{"class":70},[52,99172,74],{"class":66},[52,99174,7874],{"class":70},[52,99176,74],{"class":66},[52,99178,7874],{"class":70},[52,99180,74],{"class":66},[52,99182,7879],{"class":70},[52,99184,510],{"class":66},[52,99186,99187,99189,99191,99193],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99188,118],{"class":101},[52,99190,105],{"class":66},[52,99192,507],{"class":108},[52,99194,112],{"class":66},[20,99196,99197],{},[3842,99198,30125],{},[43,99200,99202],{"className":45,"code":99201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,99203,99204],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99205,99206,99208,99210,99212,99214,99216,99218],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99207,9363],{"class":66},[52,99209,430],{"class":70},[52,99211,74],{"class":66},[52,99213,7874],{"class":70},[52,99215,74],{"class":66},[52,99217,7879],{"class":70},[52,99219,9394],{"class":66},[461,99221,99223],{"id":99222},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[43,99225,99227],{"className":45,"code":99226,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99228,99229,99247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99230,99231,99233,99235,99237,99239,99241,99243,99245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99232,1387],{"class":58},[52,99234,63],{"class":62},[52,99236,15725],{"class":1184},[52,99238,105],{"class":66},[52,99240,757],{"class":756},[52,99242,761],{"class":760},[52,99244,757],{"class":756},[52,99246,112],{"class":66},[52,99248,99249,99251,99253,99255],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99250,118],{"class":101},[52,99252,105],{"class":66},[52,99254,1458],{"class":108},[52,99256,112],{"class":66},[20,99258,99259],{},[3842,99260,30125],{},[43,99262,99264],{"className":45,"code":99263,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,99265,99266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99267,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278,99280,99282,99284,99286,99288,99290,99292,99294,99296,99298,99300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99269,9363],{"class":66},[52,99271,3406],{"class":756},[52,99273,1423],{"class":760},[52,99275,3406],{"class":756},[52,99277,74],{"class":66},[52,99279,3401],{"class":756},[52,99281,60526],{"class":760},[52,99283,3406],{"class":756},[52,99285,74],{"class":66},[52,99287,3401],{"class":756},[52,99289,60535],{"class":760},[52,99291,3406],{"class":756},[52,99293,74],{"class":66},[52,99295,3401],{"class":756},[52,99297,1432],{"class":760},[52,99299,3406],{"class":756},[52,99301,9394],{"class":66},[20,99303,99304],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[38,99306,99308],{"id":99307},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,99310,99311,99312,242],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,99313,3897],{},[43,99315,99317],{"className":45,"code":99316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,99318,99319,99329,99339],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99320,99321,99323,99325,99327],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99322,98361],{"class":58},[52,99324,63],{"class":62},[52,99326,15725],{"class":1184},[52,99328,8729],{"class":66},[52,99330,99331,99333,99335,99337],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99332,118],{"class":101},[52,99334,105],{"class":66},[52,99336,98380],{"class":108},[52,99338,112],{"class":66},[52,99340,99341,99343,99345,99347,99349,99351],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99342,118],{"class":101},[52,99344,105],{"class":66},[52,99346,1827],{"class":1184},[52,99348,105],{"class":66},[52,99350,98380],{"class":108},[52,99352,510],{"class":66},[20,99354,99355],{},[3842,99356,311],{},[43,99358,99360],{"className":45,"code":99359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,99361,99362,99368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99363,99364,99366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99365,6372],{"class":1184},[52,99367,8729],{"class":66},[52,99369,99370,99372,99374,99376,99378,99380],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99371,3395],{"class":62},[52,99373,3398],{"class":2184},[52,99375,3401],{"class":756},[52,99377,6372],{"class":760},[52,99379,3406],{"class":756},[52,99381,3409],{"class":62},[461,99383,44513,99385],{"id":99384},"do-not-use",[15,99386,3892],{},[20,99388,99389,99390,99392],{},"Empty braces do ",[3842,99391,4722],{}," create a set.",[43,99394,99396],{"className":45,"code":99395,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,99397,99398,99406,99416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99399,99400,99402,99404],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99401,98305],{"class":58},[52,99403,63],{"class":62},[52,99405,9924],{"class":66},[52,99407,99408,99410,99412,99414],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99409,118],{"class":101},[52,99411,105],{"class":66},[52,99413,98322],{"class":108},[52,99415,112],{"class":66},[52,99417,99418,99420,99422,99424,99426,99428],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99419,118],{"class":101},[52,99421,105],{"class":66},[52,99423,1827],{"class":1184},[52,99425,105],{"class":66},[52,99427,98322],{"class":108},[52,99429,510],{"class":66},[20,99431,99432],{},[3842,99433,311],{},[43,99435,99437],{"className":45,"code":99436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,99438,99439,99443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99440,99441],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99442,9520],{"class":66},[52,99444,99445,99447,99449,99451,99453,99455],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99446,3395],{"class":62},[52,99448,3398],{"class":2184},[52,99450,3401],{"class":756},[52,99452,8908],{"class":760},[52,99454,3406],{"class":756},[52,99456,3409],{"class":62},[20,99458,99459,8875],{},[15,99460,3892],{},[38,99462,72343],{"id":72342},[20,99464,99465],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,99467,99468],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[43,99470,99472],{"className":45,"code":99471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,99473,99474,99522,99532],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99475,99476,99478,99480,99482,99484,99486,99488,99490,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502,99504,99506,99508,99510,99512,99514,99516,99518,99520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99477,749],{"class":58},[52,99479,63],{"class":62},[52,99481,10577],{"class":66},[52,99483,757],{"class":756},[52,99485,4171],{"class":760},[52,99487,757],{"class":756},[52,99489,74],{"class":66},[52,99491,768],{"class":756},[52,99493,4180],{"class":760},[52,99495,757],{"class":756},[52,99497,74],{"class":66},[52,99499,768],{"class":756},[52,99501,4171],{"class":760},[52,99503,757],{"class":756},[52,99505,74],{"class":66},[52,99507,768],{"class":756},[52,99509,4171],{"class":760},[52,99511,757],{"class":756},[52,99513,74],{"class":66},[52,99515,768],{"class":756},[52,99517,33317],{"class":760},[52,99519,757],{"class":756},[52,99521,9394],{"class":66},[52,99523,99524,99526,99528,99530],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99525,118],{"class":101},[52,99527,105],{"class":66},[52,99529,788],{"class":108},[52,99531,112],{"class":66},[52,99533,99534,99536,99538,99540,99542,99544],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99535,118],{"class":101},[52,99537,105],{"class":66},[52,99539,11250],{"class":101},[52,99541,105],{"class":66},[52,99543,788],{"class":108},[52,99545,510],{"class":66},[20,99547,99548],{},[3842,99549,30125],{},[43,99551,99553],{"className":45,"code":99552,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99554,99555,99583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99556,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567,99569,99571,99573,99575,99577,99579,99581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99558,9363],{"class":66},[52,99560,3406],{"class":756},[52,99562,4180],{"class":760},[52,99564,3406],{"class":756},[52,99566,74],{"class":66},[52,99568,3401],{"class":756},[52,99570,33317],{"class":760},[52,99572,3406],{"class":756},[52,99574,74],{"class":66},[52,99576,3401],{"class":756},[52,99578,4171],{"class":760},[52,99580,3406],{"class":756},[52,99582,9394],{"class":66},[52,99584,99585],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99586,710],{"class":70},[20,99588,99589],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[38,99591,99593],{"id":99592},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99595,99596,99597,99599],{},"Set items must be ",[3842,99598,96442],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99601,99602],{},"These usually work:",[153,99604,99605,99607,99609,99611],{},[156,99606,56541],{},[156,99608,56544],{},[156,99610,96454],{},[156,99612,40685],{},[43,99614,99616],{"className":45,"code":99615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99617,99618,99652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99619,99620,99622,99624,99626,99628,99630,99632,99634,99636,99638,99640,99642,99644,99646,99648,99650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99621,474],{"class":58},[52,99623,63],{"class":62},[52,99625,10577],{"class":66},[52,99627,71],{"class":70},[52,99629,74],{"class":66},[52,99631,768],{"class":756},[52,99633,4171],{"class":760},[52,99635,757],{"class":756},[52,99637,74],{"class":66},[52,99639,9321],{"class":66},[52,99641,430],{"class":70},[52,99643,74],{"class":66},[52,99645,7874],{"class":70},[52,99647,9318],{"class":66},[52,99649,684],{"class":674},[52,99651,9394],{"class":66},[52,99653,99654,99656,99658,99660],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99655,118],{"class":101},[52,99657,105],{"class":66},[52,99659,507],{"class":108},[52,99661,112],{"class":66},[20,99663,99664,99665,99667],{},"These do ",[3842,99666,4722],{}," work directly:",[153,99669,99670,99672],{},[156,99671,97158],{},[156,99673,97161],{},[43,99675,99677],{"className":45,"code":99676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99678,99679],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99680,99681,99684,99686,99689,99691,99693,99695,99697,99699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99682,99683],{"class":58},"bad_set ",[52,99685,63],{"class":62},[52,99687,99688],{"class":66}," {[",[52,99690,71],{"class":70},[52,99692,74],{"class":66},[52,99694,77],{"class":70},[52,99696,74],{"class":66},[52,99698,82],{"class":70},[52,99700,13796],{"class":66},[20,99702,99703],{},"This raises an error:",[43,99705,99706],{"className":45,"code":97217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99707,99708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99709,99710,99712,99714,99716,99718,99720,99722,99724],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99711,1979],{"class":1184},[52,99713,1772],{"class":66},[52,99715,97228],{"class":58},[52,99717,1827],{"class":1184},[52,99719,1772],{"class":66},[52,99721,3401],{"class":756},[52,99723,8179],{"class":760},[52,99725,29795],{"class":756},[20,99727,52161],{},[43,99729,99731],{"className":45,"code":99730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99732,99733],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99734,99735,99737,99739,99742,99744,99746,99748,99750,99752,99754,99756],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99736,99683],{"class":58},[52,99738,63],{"class":62},[52,99740,99741],{"class":66}," {{",[52,99743,757],{"class":756},[52,99745,7751],{"class":760},[52,99747,757],{"class":756},[52,99749,1772],{"class":66},[52,99751,768],{"class":756},[52,99753,7760],{"class":760},[52,99755,757],{"class":756},[52,99757,99758],{"class":66},"}}\n",[20,99760,99761],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[38,99763,99765],{"id":99764},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[461,99767,99769],{"id":99768},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[43,99771,99773],{"className":45,"code":99772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99774,99775,99799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99776,99777,99779,99781,99783,99785,99787,99789,99791,99793,99795,99797],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99778,59],{"class":58},[52,99780,63],{"class":62},[52,99782,10577],{"class":66},[52,99784,71],{"class":70},[52,99786,74],{"class":66},[52,99788,77],{"class":70},[52,99790,74],{"class":66},[52,99792,82],{"class":70},[52,99794,74],{"class":66},[52,99796,87],{"class":70},[52,99798,9394],{"class":66},[52,99800,99801,99803,99805,99807],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99802,118],{"class":101},[52,99804,105],{"class":66},[52,99806,109],{"class":108},[52,99808,112],{"class":66},[461,99810,99812],{"id":99811},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[43,99814,99816],{"className":45,"code":99815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99817,99818,99846,99861,99865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99819,99820,99822,99824,99826,99828,99830,99832,99834,99836,99838,99840,99842,99844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99821,7863],{"class":58},[52,99823,63],{"class":62},[52,99825,67],{"class":66},[52,99827,71],{"class":70},[52,99829,74],{"class":66},[52,99831,5586],{"class":70},[52,99833,74],{"class":66},[52,99835,77],{"class":70},[52,99837,74],{"class":66},[52,99839,82],{"class":70},[52,99841,74],{"class":66},[52,99843,82],{"class":70},[52,99845,90],{"class":66},[52,99847,99848,99851,99853,99855,99857,99859],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99849,99850],{"class":58},"unique_items ",[52,99852,63],{"class":62},[52,99854,15725],{"class":1184},[52,99856,105],{"class":66},[52,99858,7894],{"class":108},[52,99860,112],{"class":66},[52,99862,99863],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,99864,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,99866,99867,99869,99871,99874],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,99868,118],{"class":101},[52,99870,105],{"class":66},[52,99872,99873],{"class":108},"unique_items",[52,99875,112],{"class":66},[461,99877,99223],{"id":99878},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[43,99880,99882],{"className":45,"code":99881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99883,99884,99902],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99885,99886,99888,99890,99892,99894,99896,99898,99900],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99887,1387],{"class":58},[52,99889,63],{"class":62},[52,99891,15725],{"class":1184},[52,99893,105],{"class":66},[52,99895,757],{"class":756},[52,99897,4180],{"class":760},[52,99899,757],{"class":756},[52,99901,112],{"class":66},[52,99903,99904,99906,99908,99910],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99905,118],{"class":101},[52,99907,105],{"class":66},[52,99909,1458],{"class":108},[52,99911,112],{"class":66},[461,99913,99915],{"id":99914},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[43,99917,99919],{"className":45,"code":99918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99920,99921,99931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99922,99923,99925,99927,99929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99924,98361],{"class":58},[52,99926,63],{"class":62},[52,99928,15725],{"class":1184},[52,99930,8729],{"class":66},[52,99932,99933,99935,99937,99939],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99934,118],{"class":101},[52,99936,105],{"class":66},[52,99938,98380],{"class":108},[52,99940,112],{"class":66},[38,99942,1766],{"id":1765},[20,99944,99945],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[461,99947,1372,99949,99951],{"id":99948},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99950,3892],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99953,99954],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[43,99956,99958],{"className":45,"code":99957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99959,99960,99968],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99961,99962,99964,99966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99963,2563],{"class":58},[52,99965,63],{"class":62},[52,99967,9924],{"class":66},[52,99969,99970,99972,99974,99976,99978,99980],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,99971,118],{"class":101},[52,99973,105],{"class":66},[52,99975,1827],{"class":1184},[52,99977,105],{"class":66},[52,99979,2588],{"class":108},[52,99981,510],{"class":66},[20,99983,99984],{},"This prints:",[43,99986,99987],{"className":45,"code":8895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,99988,99989],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,99990,99991,99993,99995,99997,99999,100001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,99992,3395],{"class":62},[52,99994,3398],{"class":2184},[52,99996,3401],{"class":756},[52,99998,8908],{"class":760},[52,100000,3406],{"class":756},[52,100002,3409],{"class":62},[20,100004,133,100005,6712],{},[15,100006,3897],{},[461,100008,100010],{"id":100009},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,100012,100013],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[43,100015,100017],{"className":45,"code":100016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,100018,100019,100047],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100020,100021,100023,100025,100027,100029,100031,100033,100035,100037,100039,100041,100043,100045],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100022,59],{"class":58},[52,100024,63],{"class":62},[52,100026,10577],{"class":66},[52,100028,71],{"class":70},[52,100030,74],{"class":66},[52,100032,5586],{"class":70},[52,100034,74],{"class":66},[52,100036,77],{"class":70},[52,100038,74],{"class":66},[52,100040,77],{"class":70},[52,100042,74],{"class":66},[52,100044,82],{"class":70},[52,100046,9394],{"class":66},[52,100048,100049,100051,100053,100055],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100050,118],{"class":101},[52,100052,105],{"class":66},[52,100054,109],{"class":108},[52,100056,112],{"class":66},[20,100058,100059],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[461,100061,100063],{"id":100062},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,100065,100066],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,100068,100069],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[43,100071,100073],{"className":45,"code":100072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,100074,100075,100095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100076,100077,100079,100081,100083,100085,100087,100089,100091,100093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100078,59],{"class":58},[52,100080,63],{"class":62},[52,100082,10577],{"class":66},[52,100084,430],{"class":70},[52,100086,74],{"class":66},[52,100088,7874],{"class":70},[52,100090,74],{"class":66},[52,100092,7879],{"class":70},[52,100094,9394],{"class":66},[52,100096,100097],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100098,100099],{"class":129},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,100101,100102],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[461,100104,100106],{"id":100105},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,100108,100109],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[43,100111,100113],{"className":45,"code":100112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,100114,100115,100120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100116,100117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100118,100119],{"class":129},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[52,100121,100122],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100123,100124],{"class":129},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,100126,100127,100128,242],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,100129,1979],{},[461,100131,100133],{"id":100132},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,100135,100136],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[43,100138,100140],{"className":45,"code":100139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,100141,100142,100162,100194,100198,100212],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100143,100144,100146,100148,100150,100152,100154,100156,100158,100160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100145,15720],{"class":58},[52,100147,63],{"class":62},[52,100149,10577],{"class":66},[52,100151,71],{"class":70},[52,100153,74],{"class":66},[52,100155,77],{"class":70},[52,100157,74],{"class":66},[52,100159,82],{"class":70},[52,100161,9394],{"class":66},[52,100163,100164,100166,100168,100170,100172,100174,100176,100178,100180,100182,100184,100186,100188,100190,100192],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100165,11812],{"class":58},[52,100167,63],{"class":62},[52,100169,10577],{"class":66},[52,100171,757],{"class":756},[52,100173,236],{"class":760},[52,100175,757],{"class":756},[52,100177,1772],{"class":66},[52,100179,5586],{"class":70},[52,100181,74],{"class":66},[52,100183,768],{"class":756},[52,100185,4853],{"class":760},[52,100187,757],{"class":756},[52,100189,1772],{"class":66},[52,100191,77],{"class":70},[52,100193,9394],{"class":66},[52,100195,100196],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100197,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,100199,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,100201,118],{"class":101},[52,100203,105],{"class":66},[52,100205,1827],{"class":1184},[52,100207,105],{"class":66},[52,100209,15758],{"class":108},[52,100211,510],{"class":66},[52,100213,100214,100216,100218,100220,100222,100224],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,100215,118],{"class":101},[52,100217,105],{"class":66},[52,100219,1827],{"class":1184},[52,100221,105],{"class":66},[52,100223,11539],{"class":108},[52,100225,510],{"class":66},[38,100227,92854],{"id":92853},[20,100229,100230],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[43,100232,100234],{"className":45,"code":100233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,100235,100236,100262,100266,100280,100290,100304,100311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100237,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256,100258,100260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100239,15720],{"class":58},[52,100241,63],{"class":62},[52,100243,15725],{"class":1184},[52,100245,1058],{"class":66},[52,100247,71],{"class":70},[52,100249,74],{"class":66},[52,100251,77],{"class":70},[52,100253,74],{"class":66},[52,100255,77],{"class":70},[52,100257,74],{"class":66},[52,100259,82],{"class":70},[52,100261,1858],{"class":66},[52,100263,100264],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100265,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,100267,100268,100270,100272,100274,100276,100278],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100269,118],{"class":101},[52,100271,105],{"class":66},[52,100273,1827],{"class":1184},[52,100275,105],{"class":66},[52,100277,15758],{"class":108},[52,100279,510],{"class":66},[52,100281,100282,100284,100286,100288],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,100283,118],{"class":101},[52,100285,105],{"class":66},[52,100287,15758],{"class":108},[52,100289,112],{"class":66},[52,100291,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,100293,118],{"class":101},[52,100295,105],{"class":66},[52,100297,11250],{"class":101},[52,100299,105],{"class":66},[52,100301,15758],{"class":108},[52,100303,510],{"class":66},[52,100305,100306,100308],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,100307,118],{"class":101},[52,100309,100310],{"class":66},"({})\n",[52,100312,100313,100315,100317,100319],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,100314,118],{"class":101},[52,100316,105],{"class":66},[52,100318,6372],{"class":1184},[52,100320,7276],{"class":66},[20,100322,100323],{},"Use these to confirm:",[153,100325,100326,100329,100332,100335],{},[156,100327,100328],{},"The object type",[156,100330,100331],{},"The actual values stored",[156,100333,100334],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[156,100336,100337,100338,652,100340],{},"The difference between ",[15,100339,3892],{},[15,100341,3897],{},[38,100343,1919],{"id":1918},[461,100345,100347],{"id":100346},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,100349,100350,100351,100354,100355,100357],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,100352,100353],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,100356,3897],{}," with another iterable.",[461,100359,100361],{"id":100360},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,100363,133,100364,100366,100367,100369],{},[15,100365,3897],{},". Empty braces ",[15,100368,3892],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[461,100371,100373],{"id":100372},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,100375,100376],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[461,100378,100380],{"id":100379},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,100382,100383],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[461,100385,100387],{"id":100386},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,100389,100390],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[38,100392,1986],{"id":1985},[153,100394,100395,100399,100405,100411,100416],{},[156,100396,100397],{},[236,100398,96399],{"href":97570},[156,100400,100401],{},[236,100402,13,100403,10828],{"href":98571},[15,100404,96279],{},[156,100406,100407],{},[236,100408,13,100409,10828],{"href":98590},[15,100410,97385],{},[156,100412,100413],{},[236,100414,100415],{"href":99148},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[156,100417,100418],{},[236,100419,100420],{"href":98862},"What is a set in Python?",[20,100422,100423],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[2029,100425,100426],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":100428},[100429,100430,100431,100432,100435,100441,100445,100446,100447,100453,100461,100462,100469],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":15253,"depth":93,"text":15254},{"id":98834,"depth":93,"text":98835},{"id":98866,"depth":93,"text":98867,"children":100433},[100434],{"id":98935,"depth":115,"text":98936},{"id":99039,"depth":93,"text":100436,"children":100437},"Create a set with set()",[100438,100439,100440],{"id":99064,"depth":115,"text":99065},{"id":99152,"depth":115,"text":99153},{"id":99222,"depth":115,"text":99223},{"id":99307,"depth":93,"text":99308,"children":100442},[100443],{"id":99384,"depth":115,"text":100444},"Do not use {}",{"id":72342,"depth":93,"text":72343},{"id":99592,"depth":93,"text":99593},{"id":99764,"depth":93,"text":99765,"children":100448},[100449,100450,100451,100452],{"id":99768,"depth":115,"text":99769},{"id":99811,"depth":115,"text":99812},{"id":99878,"depth":115,"text":99223},{"id":99914,"depth":115,"text":99915},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":100454},[100455,100457,100458,100459,100460],{"id":99948,"depth":115,"text":100456},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":100009,"depth":115,"text":100010},{"id":100062,"depth":115,"text":100063},{"id":100105,"depth":115,"text":100106},{"id":100132,"depth":115,"text":100133},{"id":92853,"depth":93,"text":92854},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":100463},[100464,100465,100466,100467,100468],{"id":100346,"depth":115,"text":100347},{"id":100360,"depth":115,"text":100361},{"id":100372,"depth":115,"text":100373},{"id":100379,"depth":115,"text":100380},{"id":100386,"depth":115,"text":100387},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98637,"description":100470},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":100476,"title":100477,"body":100478,"description":102909,"extension":2083,"meta":102910,"navigation":296,"path":102911,"seo":102912,"stem":102913,"__hash__":102914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100479,"toc":102874},[100480,100486,100492,100495,100497,100574,100576,100593,100603,100605,100610,100618,100620,100636,100640,100642,100644,100647,100668,100671,100695,100701,100703,100800,100802,100819,100829,100831,100833,100841,100843,100854,100856,100947,100949,100973,100984,100986,100988,100991,101121,101123,101196,101198,101219,101222,101224,101230,101235,101238,101365,101367,101384,101387,101389,101397,101400,101404,101412,101503,101505,101542,101547,101554,101631,101633,101649,101654,101659,101661,101670,101678,101759,101761,101790,101793,101797,101808,101811,101894,101896,101917,101923,101925,101927,101931,101935,101942,102007,102009,102029,102032,102101,102103,102119,102123,102129,102141,102149,102151,102236,102238,102267,102270,102274,102279,102281,102331,102334,102415,102417,102433,102437,102440,102515,102518,102522,102525,102602,102604,102637,102643,102647,102650,102785,102787,102801,102803,102805,102811,102814,102821,102829,102835,102838,102842,102845,102847,102849,102871],[10,100481,96271,100483,11411],{"id":100482},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100484,100485],{},"difference()",[20,100487,100488,100491],{},[15,100489,100490],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100493,100494],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[38,100496,3712],{"id":3711},[43,100498,100500],{"className":45,"code":100499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100501,100502,100526,100546,100564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100503,100504,100506,100508,100510,100512,100514,100516,100518,100520,100522,100524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100505,2668],{"class":58},[52,100507,63],{"class":62},[52,100509,10577],{"class":66},[52,100511,71],{"class":70},[52,100513,74],{"class":66},[52,100515,77],{"class":70},[52,100517,74],{"class":66},[52,100519,82],{"class":70},[52,100521,74],{"class":66},[52,100523,87],{"class":70},[52,100525,9394],{"class":66},[52,100527,100528,100530,100532,100534,100536,100538,100540,100542,100544],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100529,2696],{"class":58},[52,100531,63],{"class":62},[52,100533,10577],{"class":66},[52,100535,445],{"class":70},[52,100537,74],{"class":66},[52,100539,87],{"class":70},[52,100541,74],{"class":66},[52,100543,4696],{"class":70},[52,100545,9394],{"class":66},[52,100547,100548,100550,100552,100554,100556,100558,100560,100562],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100549,2347],{"class":58},[52,100551,63],{"class":62},[52,100553,56967],{"class":58},[52,100555,242],{"class":66},[52,100557,2925],{"class":108},[52,100559,105],{"class":66},[52,100561,4853],{"class":108},[52,100563,112],{"class":66},[52,100565,100566,100568,100570,100572],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,100567,118],{"class":101},[52,100569,105],{"class":66},[52,100571,2382],{"class":108},[52,100573,112],{"class":66},[20,100575,311],{},[43,100577,100579],{"className":45,"code":100578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100580,100581],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100582,100583,100585,100587,100589,100591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100584,9363],{"class":66},[52,100586,71],{"class":70},[52,100588,74],{"class":66},[52,100590,77],{"class":70},[52,100592,9394],{"class":66},[20,100594,100595,100597,100598,100600,100601,242],{},[15,100596,100485],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100599,236],{}," that are not in ",[15,100602,4853],{},[45001,100604],{},[38,100606,140,100608,143],{"id":100607},"what-difference-does",[15,100609,100485],{},[20,100611,2100,100612,100614,100615,100617],{},[15,100613,100485],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3842,100616,4722],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100619,13141],{},[153,100621,100622,100627,100630,100633],{},[156,100623,100624,100626],{},[15,100625,100485],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[156,100628,100629],{},"It creates a new set",[156,100631,100632],{},"It does not change the original set",[156,100634,100635],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100637,96395,100638,242],{},[236,100639,96399],{"href":97570},[45001,100641],{},[38,100643,181],{"id":180},[20,100645,100646],{},"Use this form:",[43,100648,100650],{"className":45,"code":100649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100651,100652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100653,100654,100657,100659,100661,100663,100666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100655,100656],{"class":58},"set1",[52,100658,242],{"class":66},[52,100660,2925],{"class":108},[52,100662,105],{"class":66},[52,100664,100665],{"class":108},"set2",[52,100667,112],{"class":66},[20,100669,100670],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[43,100672,100674],{"className":45,"code":100673,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100675,100676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100677,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688,100690,100693],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100679,100656],{"class":58},[52,100681,242],{"class":66},[52,100683,2925],{"class":108},[52,100685,105],{"class":66},[52,100687,100665],{"class":108},[52,100689,74],{"class":66},[52,100691,100692],{"class":108}," set3",[52,100694,112],{"class":66},[20,100696,100697,100698,100700],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3842,100699,5443],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100702,2324],{},[43,100704,100706],{"className":45,"code":100705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100707,100708,100736,100752,100764,100768,100790],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100709,100710,100712,100714,100716,100718,100720,100722,100724,100726,100728,100730,100732,100734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100711,2668],{"class":58},[52,100713,63],{"class":62},[52,100715,10577],{"class":66},[52,100717,71],{"class":70},[52,100719,74],{"class":66},[52,100721,77],{"class":70},[52,100723,74],{"class":66},[52,100725,82],{"class":70},[52,100727,74],{"class":66},[52,100729,87],{"class":70},[52,100731,74],{"class":66},[52,100733,4696],{"class":70},[52,100735,9394],{"class":66},[52,100737,100738,100740,100742,100744,100746,100748,100750],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100739,2696],{"class":58},[52,100741,63],{"class":62},[52,100743,10577],{"class":66},[52,100745,440],{"class":70},[52,100747,74],{"class":66},[52,100749,82],{"class":70},[52,100751,9394],{"class":66},[52,100753,100754,100756,100758,100760,100762],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100755,83257],{"class":58},[52,100757,63],{"class":62},[52,100759,10577],{"class":66},[52,100761,265],{"class":70},[52,100763,9394],{"class":66},[52,100765,100766],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,100767,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,100769,100770,100772,100774,100776,100778,100780,100782,100784,100786,100788],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,100771,2347],{"class":58},[52,100773,63],{"class":62},[52,100775,56967],{"class":58},[52,100777,242],{"class":66},[52,100779,2925],{"class":108},[52,100781,105],{"class":66},[52,100783,4853],{"class":108},[52,100785,74],{"class":66},[52,100787,9767],{"class":108},[52,100789,112],{"class":66},[52,100791,100792,100794,100796,100798],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,100793,118],{"class":101},[52,100795,105],{"class":66},[52,100797,2382],{"class":108},[52,100799,112],{"class":66},[20,100801,311],{},[43,100803,100805],{"className":45,"code":100804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100806,100807],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100808,100809,100811,100813,100815,100817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100810,9363],{"class":66},[52,100812,71],{"class":70},[52,100814,74],{"class":66},[52,100816,87],{"class":70},[52,100818,9394],{"class":66},[20,100820,100821,100822,100824,100825,1943,100827,242],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100823,236],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100826,4853],{},[15,100828,9825],{},[45001,100830],{},[38,100832,17512],{"id":17511},[20,100834,100835,100837,100838,242],{},[15,100836,100485],{}," always returns a ",[3842,100839,100840],{},"new set",[20,100842,43734],{},[153,100844,100845,100848,100851],{},[156,100846,100847],{},"The return value is a new set",[156,100849,100850],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[156,100852,100853],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100855,2324],{},[43,100857,100859],{"className":45,"code":100858,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100860,100861,100877,100897,100901,100919,100923,100933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100862,100863,100865,100867,100869,100871,100873,100875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100864,2668],{"class":58},[52,100866,63],{"class":62},[52,100868,10577],{"class":66},[52,100870,71],{"class":70},[52,100872,74],{"class":66},[52,100874,77],{"class":70},[52,100876,9394],{"class":66},[52,100878,100879,100881,100883,100885,100887,100889,100891,100893,100895],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100880,2696],{"class":58},[52,100882,63],{"class":62},[52,100884,10577],{"class":66},[52,100886,71],{"class":70},[52,100888,74],{"class":66},[52,100890,77],{"class":70},[52,100892,74],{"class":66},[52,100894,82],{"class":70},[52,100896,9394],{"class":66},[52,100898,100899],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,100900,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,100902,100903,100905,100907,100909,100911,100913,100915,100917],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,100904,2347],{"class":58},[52,100906,63],{"class":62},[52,100908,56967],{"class":58},[52,100910,242],{"class":66},[52,100912,2925],{"class":108},[52,100914,105],{"class":66},[52,100916,4853],{"class":108},[52,100918,112],{"class":66},[52,100920,100921],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,100922,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,100924,100925,100927,100929,100931],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,100926,118],{"class":101},[52,100928,105],{"class":66},[52,100930,2382],{"class":108},[52,100932,112],{"class":66},[52,100934,100935,100937,100939,100941,100943,100945],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,100936,118],{"class":101},[52,100938,105],{"class":66},[52,100940,1827],{"class":1184},[52,100942,105],{"class":66},[52,100944,2382],{"class":108},[52,100946,510],{"class":66},[20,100948,311],{},[43,100950,100951],{"className":45,"code":99359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,100952,100953,100959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100954,100955,100957],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100956,6372],{"class":1184},[52,100958,8729],{"class":66},[52,100960,100961,100963,100965,100967,100969,100971],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,100962,3395],{"class":62},[52,100964,3398],{"class":2184},[52,100966,3401],{"class":756},[52,100968,6372],{"class":760},[52,100970,3406],{"class":756},[52,100972,3409],{"class":62},[20,100974,100975,100976,19057,100978,100980,100981,100983],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100977,3897],{},[15,100979,3892],{},". In Python, ",[15,100982,3892],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[45001,100985],{},[38,100987,246],{"id":245},[20,100989,100990],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[43,100992,100994],{"className":45,"code":100993,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100995,100996,101029,101062,101066,101086,101090,101100,101111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,100997,100998,101001,101003,101005,101007,101009,101011,101013,101015,101017,101019,101021,101023,101025,101027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,100999,101000],{"class":58},"fruits_a ",[52,101002,63],{"class":62},[52,101004,10577],{"class":66},[52,101006,757],{"class":756},[52,101008,4171],{"class":760},[52,101010,757],{"class":756},[52,101012,74],{"class":66},[52,101014,768],{"class":756},[52,101016,4180],{"class":760},[52,101018,757],{"class":756},[52,101020,74],{"class":66},[52,101022,768],{"class":756},[52,101024,33317],{"class":760},[52,101026,757],{"class":756},[52,101028,9394],{"class":66},[52,101030,101031,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042,101044,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101032,101033],{"class":58},"fruits_b ",[52,101035,63],{"class":62},[52,101037,10577],{"class":66},[52,101039,757],{"class":756},[52,101041,4180],{"class":760},[52,101043,757],{"class":756},[52,101045,74],{"class":66},[52,101047,768],{"class":756},[52,101049,33317],{"class":760},[52,101051,757],{"class":756},[52,101053,74],{"class":66},[52,101055,768],{"class":756},[52,101057,22628],{"class":760},[52,101059,757],{"class":756},[52,101061,9394],{"class":66},[52,101063,101064],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101065,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101067,101068,101070,101072,101075,101077,101079,101081,101084],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,101069,2347],{"class":58},[52,101071,63],{"class":62},[52,101073,101074],{"class":58}," fruits_a",[52,101076,242],{"class":66},[52,101078,2925],{"class":108},[52,101080,105],{"class":66},[52,101082,101083],{"class":108},"fruits_b",[52,101085,112],{"class":66},[52,101087,101088],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,101089,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101091,101092,101094,101096,101098],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,101093,118],{"class":101},[52,101095,105],{"class":66},[52,101097,2382],{"class":108},[52,101099,112],{"class":66},[52,101101,101102,101104,101106,101109],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,101103,118],{"class":101},[52,101105,105],{"class":66},[52,101107,101108],{"class":108},"fruits_a",[52,101110,112],{"class":66},[52,101112,101113,101115,101117,101119],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,101114,118],{"class":101},[52,101116,105],{"class":66},[52,101118,101083],{"class":108},[52,101120,112],{"class":66},[20,101122,30125],{},[43,101124,101126],{"className":45,"code":101125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,101127,101128,101140,101168],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101129,101130,101132,101134,101136,101138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101131,9363],{"class":66},[52,101133,3406],{"class":756},[52,101135,4171],{"class":760},[52,101137,3406],{"class":756},[52,101139,9394],{"class":66},[52,101141,101142,101144,101146,101148,101150,101152,101154,101156,101158,101160,101162,101164,101166],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101143,9363],{"class":66},[52,101145,3406],{"class":756},[52,101147,4180],{"class":760},[52,101149,3406],{"class":756},[52,101151,74],{"class":66},[52,101153,3401],{"class":756},[52,101155,33317],{"class":760},[52,101157,3406],{"class":756},[52,101159,74],{"class":66},[52,101161,3401],{"class":756},[52,101163,4171],{"class":760},[52,101165,3406],{"class":756},[52,101167,9394],{"class":66},[52,101169,101170,101172,101174,101176,101178,101180,101182,101184,101186,101188,101190,101192,101194],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101171,9363],{"class":66},[52,101173,3406],{"class":756},[52,101175,4180],{"class":760},[52,101177,3406],{"class":756},[52,101179,74],{"class":66},[52,101181,3401],{"class":756},[52,101183,33317],{"class":760},[52,101185,3406],{"class":756},[52,101187,74],{"class":66},[52,101189,3401],{"class":756},[52,101191,22628],{"class":760},[52,101193,3406],{"class":756},[52,101195,9394],{"class":66},[20,101197,323],{},[153,101199,101200,101205,101210,101216],{},[156,101201,101202,101203],{},"Start with ",[15,101204,101108],{},[156,101206,101207,101208],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,101209,101083],{},[156,101211,101212,101213,101215],{},"Only ",[15,101214,57913],{}," remains",[156,101217,101218],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,101220,101221],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[45001,101223],{},[38,101225,1372,101227,101229],{"id":101226},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,101228,100485],{}," with multiple sets",[20,101231,101232,101233,242],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,101234,100485],{},[20,101236,101237],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[43,101239,101241],{"className":45,"code":101240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,101242,101243,101275,101292,101305,101322,101326,101355],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101244,101245,101247,101249,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265,101267,101269,101271,101273],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101246,59],{"class":58},[52,101248,63],{"class":62},[52,101250,10577],{"class":66},[52,101252,71],{"class":70},[52,101254,74],{"class":66},[52,101256,77],{"class":70},[52,101258,74],{"class":66},[52,101260,82],{"class":70},[52,101262,74],{"class":66},[52,101264,87],{"class":70},[52,101266,74],{"class":66},[52,101268,4696],{"class":70},[52,101270,74],{"class":66},[52,101272,619],{"class":70},[52,101274,9394],{"class":66},[52,101276,101277,101280,101282,101284,101286,101288,101290],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101278,101279],{"class":58},"group_a ",[52,101281,63],{"class":62},[52,101283,10577],{"class":66},[52,101285,440],{"class":70},[52,101287,74],{"class":66},[52,101289,87],{"class":70},[52,101291,9394],{"class":66},[52,101293,101294,101297,101299,101301,101303],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101295,101296],{"class":58},"group_b ",[52,101298,63],{"class":62},[52,101300,10577],{"class":66},[52,101302,265],{"class":70},[52,101304,9394],{"class":66},[52,101306,101307,101310,101312,101314,101316,101318,101320],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,101308,101309],{"class":58},"group_c ",[52,101311,63],{"class":62},[52,101313,10577],{"class":66},[52,101315,80667],{"class":70},[52,101317,74],{"class":66},[52,101319,1600],{"class":70},[52,101321,9394],{"class":66},[52,101323,101324],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,101325,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101327,101328,101330,101332,101334,101336,101338,101340,101343,101345,101348,101350,101353],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,101329,2347],{"class":58},[52,101331,63],{"class":62},[52,101333,1686],{"class":58},[52,101335,242],{"class":66},[52,101337,2925],{"class":108},[52,101339,105],{"class":66},[52,101341,101342],{"class":108},"group_a",[52,101344,74],{"class":66},[52,101346,101347],{"class":108}," group_b",[52,101349,74],{"class":66},[52,101351,101352],{"class":108}," group_c",[52,101354,112],{"class":66},[52,101356,101357,101359,101361,101363],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,101358,118],{"class":101},[52,101360,105],{"class":66},[52,101362,2382],{"class":108},[52,101364,112],{"class":66},[20,101366,311],{},[43,101368,101370],{"className":45,"code":101369,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3}\n",[15,101371,101372],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101373,101374,101376,101378,101380,101382],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101375,9363],{"class":66},[52,101377,71],{"class":70},[52,101379,74],{"class":66},[52,101381,82],{"class":70},[52,101383,9394],{"class":66},[20,101385,101386],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[45001,101388],{},[38,101390,101392,10672,101394],{"id":101391},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,101393,100485],{},[15,101395,101396],{},"difference_update()",[20,101398,101399],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[461,101401,101402],{"id":2925},[15,101403,100485],{},[153,101405,101406,101409],{},[156,101407,101408],{},"Returns a new set",[156,101410,101411],{},"Does not change the original set",[43,101413,101415],{"className":45,"code":101414,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101416,101417,101441,101457,101461,101479,101483,101493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101418,101419,101421,101423,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437,101439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101420,2668],{"class":58},[52,101422,63],{"class":62},[52,101424,10577],{"class":66},[52,101426,71],{"class":70},[52,101428,74],{"class":66},[52,101430,77],{"class":70},[52,101432,74],{"class":66},[52,101434,82],{"class":70},[52,101436,74],{"class":66},[52,101438,87],{"class":70},[52,101440,9394],{"class":66},[52,101442,101443,101445,101447,101449,101451,101453,101455],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101444,2696],{"class":58},[52,101446,63],{"class":62},[52,101448,10577],{"class":66},[52,101450,445],{"class":70},[52,101452,74],{"class":66},[52,101454,87],{"class":70},[52,101456,9394],{"class":66},[52,101458,101459],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101460,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101462,101463,101465,101467,101469,101471,101473,101475,101477],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,101464,2347],{"class":58},[52,101466,63],{"class":62},[52,101468,56967],{"class":58},[52,101470,242],{"class":66},[52,101472,2925],{"class":108},[52,101474,105],{"class":66},[52,101476,4853],{"class":108},[52,101478,112],{"class":66},[52,101480,101481],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,101482,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101484,101485,101487,101489,101491],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,101486,118],{"class":101},[52,101488,105],{"class":66},[52,101490,2382],{"class":108},[52,101492,112],{"class":66},[52,101494,101495,101497,101499,101501],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,101496,118],{"class":101},[52,101498,105],{"class":66},[52,101500,236],{"class":108},[52,101502,112],{"class":66},[20,101504,311],{},[43,101506,101508],{"className":45,"code":101507,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101509,101510,101522],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101511,101512,101514,101516,101518,101520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101513,9363],{"class":66},[52,101515,71],{"class":70},[52,101517,74],{"class":66},[52,101519,77],{"class":70},[52,101521,9394],{"class":66},[52,101523,101524,101526,101528,101530,101532,101534,101536,101538,101540],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101525,9363],{"class":66},[52,101527,71],{"class":70},[52,101529,74],{"class":66},[52,101531,77],{"class":70},[52,101533,74],{"class":66},[52,101535,82],{"class":70},[52,101537,74],{"class":66},[52,101539,87],{"class":70},[52,101541,9394],{"class":66},[461,101543,101545],{"id":101544},"difference_update",[15,101546,101396],{},[153,101548,101549,101552],{},[156,101550,101551],{},"Changes the original set",[156,101553,96389],{},[43,101555,101557],{"className":45,"code":101556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101558,101559,101583,101599,101603,101617,101621],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101560,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573,101575,101577,101579,101581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101562,2668],{"class":58},[52,101564,63],{"class":62},[52,101566,10577],{"class":66},[52,101568,71],{"class":70},[52,101570,74],{"class":66},[52,101572,77],{"class":70},[52,101574,74],{"class":66},[52,101576,82],{"class":70},[52,101578,74],{"class":66},[52,101580,87],{"class":70},[52,101582,9394],{"class":66},[52,101584,101585,101587,101589,101591,101593,101595,101597],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101586,2696],{"class":58},[52,101588,63],{"class":62},[52,101590,10577],{"class":66},[52,101592,445],{"class":70},[52,101594,74],{"class":66},[52,101596,87],{"class":70},[52,101598,9394],{"class":66},[52,101600,101601],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101602,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101604,101605,101607,101609,101611,101613,101615],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,101606,236],{"class":58},[52,101608,242],{"class":66},[52,101610,101544],{"class":108},[52,101612,105],{"class":66},[52,101614,4853],{"class":108},[52,101616,112],{"class":66},[52,101618,101619],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,101620,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101622,101623,101625,101627,101629],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,101624,118],{"class":101},[52,101626,105],{"class":66},[52,101628,236],{"class":108},[52,101630,112],{"class":66},[20,101632,311],{},[43,101634,101635],{"className":45,"code":100578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,101636,101637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101638,101639,101641,101643,101645,101647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101640,9363],{"class":66},[52,101642,71],{"class":70},[52,101644,74],{"class":66},[52,101646,77],{"class":70},[52,101648,9394],{"class":66},[20,101650,133,101651,101653],{},[15,101652,100485],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101655,101656,101657,33697],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101658,101396],{},[45001,101660],{},[38,101662,101664,101666,101667,101669],{"id":101663},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101665,100485],{}," vs the ",[15,101668,2142],{}," operator",[20,101671,2100,101672,101674,101675,101677],{},[15,101673,2142],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101676,100485],{}," for two sets.",[43,101679,101681],{"className":45,"code":101680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101682,101683,101707,101723,101727,101745],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101684,101685,101687,101689,101691,101693,101695,101697,101699,101701,101703,101705],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101686,2668],{"class":58},[52,101688,63],{"class":62},[52,101690,10577],{"class":66},[52,101692,71],{"class":70},[52,101694,74],{"class":66},[52,101696,77],{"class":70},[52,101698,74],{"class":66},[52,101700,82],{"class":70},[52,101702,74],{"class":66},[52,101704,87],{"class":70},[52,101706,9394],{"class":66},[52,101708,101709,101711,101713,101715,101717,101719,101721],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101710,2696],{"class":58},[52,101712,63],{"class":62},[52,101714,10577],{"class":66},[52,101716,445],{"class":70},[52,101718,74],{"class":66},[52,101720,87],{"class":70},[52,101722,9394],{"class":66},[52,101724,101725],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101726,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101728,101729,101731,101733,101735,101737,101739,101741,101743],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,101730,118],{"class":101},[52,101732,105],{"class":66},[52,101734,236],{"class":108},[52,101736,242],{"class":66},[52,101738,2925],{"class":108},[52,101740,105],{"class":66},[52,101742,4853],{"class":108},[52,101744,510],{"class":66},[52,101746,101747,101749,101751,101753,101755,101757],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,101748,118],{"class":101},[52,101750,105],{"class":66},[52,101752,2668],{"class":108},[52,101754,2142],{"class":62},[52,101756,2673],{"class":108},[52,101758,112],{"class":66},[20,101760,311],{},[43,101762,101764],{"className":45,"code":101763,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101765,101766,101778],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101767,101768,101770,101772,101774,101776],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101769,9363],{"class":66},[52,101771,71],{"class":70},[52,101773,74],{"class":66},[52,101775,77],{"class":70},[52,101777,9394],{"class":66},[52,101779,101780,101782,101784,101786,101788],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101781,9363],{"class":66},[52,101783,71],{"class":70},[52,101785,74],{"class":66},[52,101787,77],{"class":70},[52,101789,9394],{"class":66},[20,101791,101792],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101794,94659,101795,1963],{},[15,101796,100485],{},[153,101798,101799,101802,101805],{},[156,101800,101801],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[156,101803,101804],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[156,101806,101807],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101809,101810],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[43,101812,101814],{"className":45,"code":101813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101815,101816,101844,101856,101868,101872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101817,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826,101828,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101819,2668],{"class":58},[52,101821,63],{"class":62},[52,101823,10577],{"class":66},[52,101825,71],{"class":70},[52,101827,74],{"class":66},[52,101829,77],{"class":70},[52,101831,74],{"class":66},[52,101833,82],{"class":70},[52,101835,74],{"class":66},[52,101837,87],{"class":70},[52,101839,74],{"class":66},[52,101841,4696],{"class":70},[52,101843,9394],{"class":66},[52,101845,101846,101848,101850,101852,101854],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101847,2696],{"class":58},[52,101849,63],{"class":62},[52,101851,10577],{"class":66},[52,101853,440],{"class":70},[52,101855,9394],{"class":66},[52,101857,101858,101860,101862,101864,101866],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101859,83257],{"class":58},[52,101861,63],{"class":62},[52,101863,10577],{"class":66},[52,101865,1595],{"class":70},[52,101867,9394],{"class":66},[52,101869,101870],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,101871,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101873,101874,101876,101878,101880,101882,101884,101886,101888,101890,101892],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,101875,118],{"class":101},[52,101877,105],{"class":66},[52,101879,236],{"class":108},[52,101881,242],{"class":66},[52,101883,2925],{"class":108},[52,101885,105],{"class":66},[52,101887,4853],{"class":108},[52,101889,74],{"class":66},[52,101891,9767],{"class":108},[52,101893,510],{"class":66},[20,101895,311],{},[43,101897,101899],{"className":45,"code":101898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101900,101901],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101904,9363],{"class":66},[52,101906,71],{"class":70},[52,101908,74],{"class":66},[52,101910,82],{"class":70},[52,101912,74],{"class":66},[52,101914,4696],{"class":70},[52,101916,9394],{"class":66},[20,101918,101919,101920,101922],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101921,2142],{}," operator expression.",[45001,101924],{},[38,101926,4610],{"id":4609},[20,101928,21306,101929,242],{},[15,101930,100485],{},[461,101932,101934],{"id":101933},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101936,4719,101937,101939,101940,1772],{},[3842,101938,4722],{}," change ",[15,101941,236],{},[43,101943,101945],{"className":45,"code":101944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101946,101947,101967,101979,101983,101997],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,101948,101949,101951,101953,101955,101957,101959,101961,101963,101965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,101950,2668],{"class":58},[52,101952,63],{"class":62},[52,101954,10577],{"class":66},[52,101956,71],{"class":70},[52,101958,74],{"class":66},[52,101960,77],{"class":70},[52,101962,74],{"class":66},[52,101964,82],{"class":70},[52,101966,9394],{"class":66},[52,101968,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,101970,2696],{"class":58},[52,101972,63],{"class":62},[52,101974,10577],{"class":66},[52,101976,445],{"class":70},[52,101978,9394],{"class":66},[52,101980,101981],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,101982,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,101984,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,101986,236],{"class":58},[52,101988,242],{"class":66},[52,101990,2925],{"class":108},[52,101992,105],{"class":66},[52,101994,4853],{"class":108},[52,101996,112],{"class":66},[52,101998,101999,102001,102003,102005],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,102000,118],{"class":101},[52,102002,105],{"class":66},[52,102004,236],{"class":108},[52,102006,112],{"class":66},[20,102008,311],{},[43,102010,102011],{"className":45,"code":96678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102012,102013],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102014,102015,102017,102019,102021,102023,102025,102027],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102016,9363],{"class":66},[52,102018,71],{"class":70},[52,102020,74],{"class":66},[52,102022,77],{"class":70},[52,102024,74],{"class":66},[52,102026,82],{"class":70},[52,102028,9394],{"class":66},[20,102030,102031],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[43,102033,102035],{"className":45,"code":102034,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,102036,102037,102057,102069,102073,102091],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102038,102039,102041,102043,102045,102047,102049,102051,102053,102055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102040,2668],{"class":58},[52,102042,63],{"class":62},[52,102044,10577],{"class":66},[52,102046,71],{"class":70},[52,102048,74],{"class":66},[52,102050,77],{"class":70},[52,102052,74],{"class":66},[52,102054,82],{"class":70},[52,102056,9394],{"class":66},[52,102058,102059,102061,102063,102065,102067],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102060,2696],{"class":58},[52,102062,63],{"class":62},[52,102064,10577],{"class":66},[52,102066,445],{"class":70},[52,102068,9394],{"class":66},[52,102070,102071],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102072,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,102074,102075,102077,102079,102081,102083,102085,102087,102089],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,102076,2668],{"class":58},[52,102078,63],{"class":62},[52,102080,56967],{"class":58},[52,102082,242],{"class":66},[52,102084,2925],{"class":108},[52,102086,105],{"class":66},[52,102088,4853],{"class":108},[52,102090,112],{"class":66},[52,102092,102093,102095,102097,102099],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,102094,118],{"class":101},[52,102096,105],{"class":66},[52,102098,236],{"class":108},[52,102100,112],{"class":66},[20,102102,311],{},[43,102104,102105],{"className":45,"code":100578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102106,102107],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102108,102109,102111,102113,102115,102117],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102110,9363],{"class":66},[52,102112,71],{"class":70},[52,102114,74],{"class":66},[52,102116,77],{"class":70},[52,102118,9394],{"class":66},[461,102120,102122],{"id":102121},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,102124,102125,102128],{},[15,102126,102127],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[153,102130,102131,102136],{},[156,102132,102133,102134],{},"keep items from ",[15,102135,236],{},[156,102137,102138,102139],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,102140,4853],{},[20,102142,40996,102143,102145,102146,102148],{},[3842,102144,4722],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,102147,4853],{},"”.",[20,102150,2324],{},[43,102152,102154],{"className":45,"code":102153,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,102155,102156,102176,102196,102200,102218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102157,102158,102160,102162,102164,102166,102168,102170,102172,102174],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102159,2668],{"class":58},[52,102161,63],{"class":62},[52,102163,10577],{"class":66},[52,102165,71],{"class":70},[52,102167,74],{"class":66},[52,102169,77],{"class":70},[52,102171,74],{"class":66},[52,102173,82],{"class":70},[52,102175,9394],{"class":66},[52,102177,102178,102180,102182,102184,102186,102188,102190,102192,102194],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102179,2696],{"class":58},[52,102181,63],{"class":62},[52,102183,10577],{"class":66},[52,102185,445],{"class":70},[52,102187,74],{"class":66},[52,102189,87],{"class":70},[52,102191,74],{"class":66},[52,102193,4696],{"class":70},[52,102195,9394],{"class":66},[52,102197,102198],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102199,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,102201,102202,102204,102206,102208,102210,102212,102214,102216],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,102203,118],{"class":101},[52,102205,105],{"class":66},[52,102207,236],{"class":108},[52,102209,242],{"class":66},[52,102211,2925],{"class":108},[52,102213,105],{"class":66},[52,102215,4853],{"class":108},[52,102217,510],{"class":66},[52,102219,102220,102222,102224,102226,102228,102230,102232,102234],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,102221,118],{"class":101},[52,102223,105],{"class":66},[52,102225,4853],{"class":108},[52,102227,242],{"class":66},[52,102229,2925],{"class":108},[52,102231,105],{"class":66},[52,102233,236],{"class":108},[52,102235,510],{"class":66},[20,102237,311],{},[43,102239,102241],{"className":45,"code":102240,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,102242,102243,102255],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102244,102245,102247,102249,102251,102253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102246,9363],{"class":66},[52,102248,71],{"class":70},[52,102250,74],{"class":66},[52,102252,77],{"class":70},[52,102254,9394],{"class":66},[52,102256,102257,102259,102261,102263,102265],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102258,9363],{"class":66},[52,102260,1595],{"class":70},[52,102262,74],{"class":66},[52,102264,4696],{"class":70},[52,102266,9394],{"class":66},[20,102268,102269],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[461,102271,102273],{"id":102272},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,102275,102276,102278],{},[15,102277,100485],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,102280,55399],{},[43,102282,102284],{"className":45,"code":102283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,102285,102286,102306,102322,102326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102287,102288,102290,102292,102294,102296,102298,102300,102302,102304],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102289,2668],{"class":58},[52,102291,63],{"class":62},[52,102293,67],{"class":66},[52,102295,71],{"class":70},[52,102297,74],{"class":66},[52,102299,77],{"class":70},[52,102301,74],{"class":66},[52,102303,82],{"class":70},[52,102305,90],{"class":66},[52,102307,102308,102310,102312,102314,102316,102318,102320],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102309,2696],{"class":58},[52,102311,63],{"class":62},[52,102313,67],{"class":66},[52,102315,445],{"class":70},[52,102317,74],{"class":66},[52,102319,87],{"class":70},[52,102321,90],{"class":66},[52,102323,102324],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102325,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,102327,102328],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,102329,102330],{"class":129},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,102332,102333],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[43,102335,102337],{"className":45,"code":102336,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,102338,102339,102359,102375,102379,102405],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102340,102341,102343,102345,102347,102349,102351,102353,102355,102357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102342,2668],{"class":58},[52,102344,63],{"class":62},[52,102346,67],{"class":66},[52,102348,71],{"class":70},[52,102350,74],{"class":66},[52,102352,77],{"class":70},[52,102354,74],{"class":66},[52,102356,82],{"class":70},[52,102358,90],{"class":66},[52,102360,102361,102363,102365,102367,102369,102371,102373],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102362,2696],{"class":58},[52,102364,63],{"class":62},[52,102366,67],{"class":66},[52,102368,445],{"class":70},[52,102370,74],{"class":66},[52,102372,87],{"class":70},[52,102374,90],{"class":66},[52,102376,102377],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102378,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,102380,102381,102383,102385,102387,102389,102391,102393,102395,102397,102399,102401,102403],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,102382,2347],{"class":58},[52,102384,63],{"class":62},[52,102386,15725],{"class":1184},[52,102388,105],{"class":66},[52,102390,236],{"class":108},[52,102392,8717],{"class":66},[52,102394,2925],{"class":108},[52,102396,105],{"class":66},[52,102398,6372],{"class":1184},[52,102400,105],{"class":66},[52,102402,4853],{"class":108},[52,102404,510],{"class":66},[52,102406,102407,102409,102411,102413],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,102408,118],{"class":101},[52,102410,105],{"class":66},[52,102412,2382],{"class":108},[52,102414,112],{"class":66},[20,102416,311],{},[43,102418,102419],{"className":45,"code":100578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,102420,102421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102422,102423,102425,102427,102429,102431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102424,9363],{"class":66},[52,102426,71],{"class":70},[52,102428,74],{"class":66},[52,102430,77],{"class":70},[52,102432,9394],{"class":66},[461,102434,102436],{"id":102435},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,102438,102439],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[43,102441,102443],{"className":45,"code":102442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102444,102445,102477,102493,102497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102446,102447,102449,102451,102453,102455,102457,102459,102461,102463,102465,102467,102469,102471,102473,102475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102448,2668],{"class":58},[52,102450,63],{"class":62},[52,102452,10577],{"class":66},[52,102454,757],{"class":756},[52,102456,37141],{"class":760},[52,102458,757],{"class":756},[52,102460,74],{"class":66},[52,102462,768],{"class":756},[52,102464,58207],{"class":760},[52,102466,757],{"class":756},[52,102468,74],{"class":66},[52,102470,768],{"class":756},[52,102472,58224],{"class":760},[52,102474,757],{"class":756},[52,102476,9394],{"class":66},[52,102478,102479,102481,102483,102485,102487,102489,102491],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102480,2696],{"class":58},[52,102482,63],{"class":62},[52,102484,10577],{"class":66},[52,102486,757],{"class":756},[52,102488,58207],{"class":760},[52,102490,757],{"class":756},[52,102492,9394],{"class":66},[52,102494,102495],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102496,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,102498,102499,102501,102503,102505,102507,102509,102511,102513],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,102500,118],{"class":101},[52,102502,105],{"class":66},[52,102504,236],{"class":108},[52,102506,242],{"class":66},[52,102508,2925],{"class":108},[52,102510,105],{"class":66},[52,102512,4853],{"class":108},[52,102514,510],{"class":66},[20,102516,102517],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[461,102519,102521],{"id":102520},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102523,102524],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[43,102526,102528],{"className":45,"code":102527,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102529,102530,102558,102570,102574,102584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102531,102532,102534,102536,102538,102540,102542,102544,102546,102548,102550,102552,102554,102556],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102533,2668],{"class":58},[52,102535,63],{"class":62},[52,102537,10577],{"class":66},[52,102539,71],{"class":70},[52,102541,74],{"class":66},[52,102543,5586],{"class":70},[52,102545,74],{"class":66},[52,102547,77],{"class":70},[52,102549,74],{"class":66},[52,102551,77],{"class":70},[52,102553,74],{"class":66},[52,102555,82],{"class":70},[52,102557,9394],{"class":66},[52,102559,102560,102562,102564,102566,102568],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102561,2696],{"class":58},[52,102563,63],{"class":62},[52,102565,10577],{"class":66},[52,102567,445],{"class":70},[52,102569,9394],{"class":66},[52,102571,102572],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102573,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,102575,102576,102578,102580,102582],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,102577,118],{"class":101},[52,102579,105],{"class":66},[52,102581,236],{"class":108},[52,102583,112],{"class":66},[52,102585,102586,102588,102590,102592,102594,102596,102598,102600],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,102587,118],{"class":101},[52,102589,105],{"class":66},[52,102591,236],{"class":108},[52,102593,242],{"class":66},[52,102595,2925],{"class":108},[52,102597,105],{"class":66},[52,102599,4853],{"class":108},[52,102601,510],{"class":66},[20,102603,311],{},[43,102605,102607],{"className":45,"code":102606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102608,102609,102625],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102610,102611,102613,102615,102617,102619,102621,102623],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102612,9363],{"class":66},[52,102614,71],{"class":70},[52,102616,74],{"class":66},[52,102618,77],{"class":70},[52,102620,74],{"class":66},[52,102622,82],{"class":70},[52,102624,9394],{"class":66},[52,102626,102627,102629,102631,102633,102635],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102628,9363],{"class":66},[52,102630,71],{"class":70},[52,102632,74],{"class":66},[52,102634,77],{"class":70},[52,102636,9394],{"class":66},[20,102638,102639,102640,102642],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102641,100485],{}," runs.",[461,102644,102646],{"id":102645},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102648,102649],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[43,102651,102653],{"className":45,"code":102652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102654,102655,102679,102699,102703,102713,102723,102741,102763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102656,102657,102659,102661,102663,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675,102677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102658,2668],{"class":58},[52,102660,63],{"class":62},[52,102662,10577],{"class":66},[52,102664,71],{"class":70},[52,102666,74],{"class":66},[52,102668,77],{"class":70},[52,102670,74],{"class":66},[52,102672,82],{"class":70},[52,102674,74],{"class":66},[52,102676,87],{"class":70},[52,102678,9394],{"class":66},[52,102680,102681,102683,102685,102687,102689,102691,102693,102695,102697],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102682,2696],{"class":58},[52,102684,63],{"class":62},[52,102686,10577],{"class":66},[52,102688,445],{"class":70},[52,102690,74],{"class":66},[52,102692,87],{"class":70},[52,102694,74],{"class":66},[52,102696,4696],{"class":70},[52,102698,9394],{"class":66},[52,102700,102701],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,102702,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,102704,102705,102707,102709,102711],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,102706,118],{"class":101},[52,102708,105],{"class":66},[52,102710,236],{"class":108},[52,102712,112],{"class":66},[52,102714,102715,102717,102719,102721],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,102716,118],{"class":101},[52,102718,105],{"class":66},[52,102720,4853],{"class":108},[52,102722,112],{"class":66},[52,102724,102725,102727,102729,102731,102733,102735,102737,102739],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,102726,118],{"class":101},[52,102728,105],{"class":66},[52,102730,236],{"class":108},[52,102732,242],{"class":66},[52,102734,2925],{"class":108},[52,102736,105],{"class":66},[52,102738,4853],{"class":108},[52,102740,510],{"class":66},[52,102742,102743,102745,102747,102749,102751,102753,102755,102757,102759,102761],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,102744,118],{"class":101},[52,102746,105],{"class":66},[52,102748,1827],{"class":1184},[52,102750,105],{"class":66},[52,102752,236],{"class":108},[52,102754,242],{"class":66},[52,102756,2925],{"class":108},[52,102758,105],{"class":66},[52,102760,4853],{"class":108},[52,102762,622],{"class":66},[52,102764,102765,102767,102769,102771,102773,102775,102777,102779,102781,102783],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,102766,118],{"class":101},[52,102768,105],{"class":66},[52,102770,11250],{"class":101},[52,102772,105],{"class":66},[52,102774,236],{"class":108},[52,102776,242],{"class":66},[52,102778,2925],{"class":108},[52,102780,105],{"class":66},[52,102782,4853],{"class":108},[52,102784,622],{"class":66},[20,102786,11259],{},[153,102788,102789,102792,102795,102798],{},[156,102790,102791],{},"what is in each set",[156,102793,102794],{},"what result Python creates",[156,102796,102797],{},"that the result is a set",[156,102799,102800],{},"how many items remain",[45001,102802],{},[38,102804,1919],{"id":1918},[461,102806,12792,102808,102810],{"id":102807},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102809,100485],{}," change the original set?",[20,102812,102813],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[461,102815,5270,102817,652,102819,1963],{"id":102816},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102818,100485],{},[15,102820,101396],{},[20,102822,102823,102825,102826,102828],{},[15,102824,100485],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102827,101396],{}," modifies the original set.",[461,102830,28423,102832,102834],{"id":102831},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102833,100485],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102836,102837],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[461,102839,102841],{"id":102840},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102843,102844],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[45001,102846],{},[38,102848,1986],{"id":1985},[153,102850,102851,102855,102863],{},[156,102852,102853],{},[236,102854,96399],{"href":97570},[156,102856,102857],{},[236,102858,96885,102860,10828],{"href":102859},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102861,102862],{},"intersection()",[156,102864,102865],{},[236,102866,96885,102868,10828],{"href":102867},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102869,102870],{},"union()",[2029,102872,102873],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":102875},[102876,102877,102879,102880,102881,102882,102884,102889,102891,102899,102908],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":100607,"depth":93,"text":102878},"What difference() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":101226,"depth":93,"text":102883},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":101391,"depth":93,"text":102885,"children":102886},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102887,102888],{"id":2925,"depth":115,"text":100485},{"id":101544,"depth":115,"text":101396},{"id":101663,"depth":93,"text":102890},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":102892},[102893,102894,102895,102896,102897,102898],{"id":101933,"depth":115,"text":101934},{"id":102121,"depth":115,"text":102122},{"id":102272,"depth":115,"text":102273},{"id":102435,"depth":115,"text":102436},{"id":102520,"depth":115,"text":102521},{"id":102645,"depth":115,"text":102646},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":102900},[102901,102903,102905,102907],{"id":102807,"depth":115,"text":102902},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102816,"depth":115,"text":102904},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102831,"depth":115,"text":102906},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102840,"depth":115,"text":102841},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":100477,"description":102909},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102916,"title":102917,"body":102918,"description":104613,"extension":2083,"meta":104614,"navigation":296,"path":104615,"seo":104616,"stem":104617,"__hash__":104618},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102919,"toc":104575},[102920,102926,102932,102945,102947,103048,103050,103095,103100,103105,103109,103123,103126,103134,103136,103155,103173,103177,103230,103232,103253,103260,103265,103292,103299,103398,103400,103437,103445,103449,103455,103458,103531,103533,103541,103546,103615,103617,103642,103644,103647,103750,103752,103813,103816,103820,103826,103899,103901,103934,103937,103940,103980,103986,104009,104014,104018,104029,104032,104034,104038,104044,104046,104103,104113,104115,104168,104175,104180,104248,104256,104262,104266,104268,104307,104312,104361,104365,104368,104370,104409,104412,104414,104419,104476,104478,104492,104494,104498,104504,104509,104514,104521,104532,104538,104543,104545,104572],[10,102921,96271,102923,11411],{"id":102922},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102924,102925],{},"discard()",[20,102927,102928,102931],{},[15,102929,102930],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102933,102934,102935,2305,102940,14144,102942,102944],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[236,102936,102937],{"href":98280},[15,102938,102939],{},"set.remove()",[15,102941,102925],{},[3842,102943,4722],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[38,102946,41],{"id":40},[43,102948,102950],{"className":45,"code":102949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102951,102952,102984,103003,103013,103017,103038],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,102953,102954,102956,102958,102960,102962,102964,102966,102968,102970,102972,102974,102976,102978,102980,102982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,102955,13165],{"class":58},[52,102957,63],{"class":62},[52,102959,10577],{"class":66},[52,102961,757],{"class":756},[52,102963,13182],{"class":760},[52,102965,757],{"class":756},[52,102967,74],{"class":66},[52,102969,768],{"class":756},[52,102971,13199],{"class":760},[52,102973,757],{"class":756},[52,102975,74],{"class":66},[52,102977,768],{"class":756},[52,102979,17549],{"class":760},[52,102981,757],{"class":756},[52,102983,9394],{"class":66},[52,102985,102986,102988,102990,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,102987,17596],{"class":58},[52,102989,242],{"class":66},[52,102991,102992],{"class":108},"discard",[52,102994,105],{"class":66},[52,102996,757],{"class":756},[52,102998,13199],{"class":760},[52,103000,757],{"class":756},[52,103002,112],{"class":66},[52,103004,103005,103007,103009,103011],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103006,118],{"class":101},[52,103008,105],{"class":66},[52,103010,17596],{"class":108},[52,103012,112],{"class":66},[52,103014,103015],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,103016,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103018,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029,103031,103033,103035],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,103020,17596],{"class":58},[52,103022,242],{"class":66},[52,103024,102992],{"class":108},[52,103026,105],{"class":66},[52,103028,757],{"class":756},[52,103030,22619],{"class":760},[52,103032,757],{"class":756},[52,103034,126],{"class":66},[52,103036,103037],{"class":129},"  # no error if missing\n",[52,103039,103040,103042,103044,103046],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,103041,118],{"class":101},[52,103043,105],{"class":66},[52,103045,17596],{"class":108},[52,103047,112],{"class":66},[20,103049,30125],{},[43,103051,103053],{"className":45,"code":103052,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103054,103055,103075],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103056,103057,103059,103061,103063,103065,103067,103069,103071,103073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103058,9363],{"class":66},[52,103060,3406],{"class":756},[52,103062,13182],{"class":760},[52,103064,3406],{"class":756},[52,103066,74],{"class":66},[52,103068,3401],{"class":756},[52,103070,17549],{"class":760},[52,103072,3406],{"class":756},[52,103074,9394],{"class":66},[52,103076,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103078,9363],{"class":66},[52,103080,3406],{"class":756},[52,103082,13182],{"class":760},[52,103084,3406],{"class":756},[52,103086,74],{"class":66},[52,103088,3401],{"class":756},[52,103090,17549],{"class":760},[52,103092,3406],{"class":756},[52,103094,9394],{"class":66},[20,103096,133,103097,103099],{},[15,103098,102925],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[38,103101,140,103103,143],{"id":103102},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,103104,102930],{},[20,103106,103107,1772],{},[15,103108,102925],{},[153,103110,103111,103114,103117,103119],{},[156,103112,103113],{},"Removes one item from a set",[156,103115,103116],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[156,103118,96386],{},[156,103120,11513,103121],{},[15,103122,3878],{},[20,103124,103125],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,103127,96395,103128,1943,103131,242],{},[236,103129,103130],{"href":98862},"what a set is in Python",[236,103132,103133],{"href":97954},"how to create a set",[38,103135,181],{"id":180},[43,103137,103139],{"className":45,"code":103138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,103140,103141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103142,103143,103145,103147,103149,103151,103153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103144,15758],{"class":58},[52,103146,242],{"class":66},[52,103148,102992],{"class":108},[52,103150,105],{"class":66},[52,103152,2588],{"class":108},[52,103154,112],{"class":66},[153,103156,103157,103162,103167,103170],{},[156,103158,103159,103161],{},[15,103160,15758],{}," is the set you want to change",[156,103163,103164,103166],{},[15,103165,2588],{}," is the item you want to remove",[156,103168,103169],{},"The set must already exist",[156,103171,103172],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[461,103174,103176],{"id":103175},"example","Example",[43,103178,103180],{"className":45,"code":103179,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103181,103182,103206,103220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103183,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200,103202,103204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103185,59],{"class":58},[52,103187,63],{"class":62},[52,103189,10577],{"class":66},[52,103191,71],{"class":70},[52,103193,74],{"class":66},[52,103195,77],{"class":70},[52,103197,74],{"class":66},[52,103199,82],{"class":70},[52,103201,74],{"class":66},[52,103203,87],{"class":70},[52,103205,9394],{"class":66},[52,103207,103208,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103209,109],{"class":58},[52,103211,242],{"class":66},[52,103213,102992],{"class":108},[52,103215,105],{"class":66},[52,103217,445],{"class":70},[52,103219,112],{"class":66},[52,103221,103222,103224,103226,103228],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103223,118],{"class":101},[52,103225,105],{"class":66},[52,103227,109],{"class":108},[52,103229,112],{"class":66},[20,103231,311],{},[43,103233,103235],{"className":45,"code":103234,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,103236,103237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103238,103239,103241,103243,103245,103247,103249,103251],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103240,9363],{"class":66},[52,103242,71],{"class":70},[52,103244,74],{"class":66},[52,103246,77],{"class":70},[52,103248,74],{"class":66},[52,103250,87],{"class":70},[52,103252,9394],{"class":66},[38,103254,103256,103257,103259],{"id":103255},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,103258,102925],{}," different",[20,103261,103262,103264],{},[15,103263,102925],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[153,103266,103267,103280,103289],{},[156,103268,103269,103270,2305,103274,103276,103277,103279],{},"Unlike ",[236,103271,103272],{"href":98280},[15,103273,55609],{},[15,103275,102925],{}," does not raise ",[15,103278,19781],{}," when the item is missing",[156,103281,103269,103282,2305,103286,103288],{},[236,103283,103284],{"href":98285},[15,103285,12851],{},[15,103287,102925],{}," removes a specific item",[156,103290,103291],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[461,103293,103295,10672,103297],{"id":103294},"discard-vs-remove",[15,103296,102925],{},[15,103298,55609],{},[43,103300,103302],{"className":45,"code":103301,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,103303,103304,103328,103332,103353,103363,103367,103388],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103305,103306,103308,103310,103312,103314,103316,103318,103320,103322,103324,103326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103307,7863],{"class":58},[52,103309,63],{"class":62},[52,103311,10577],{"class":66},[52,103313,757],{"class":756},[52,103315,4171],{"class":760},[52,103317,757],{"class":756},[52,103319,74],{"class":66},[52,103321,768],{"class":756},[52,103323,4180],{"class":760},[52,103325,757],{"class":756},[52,103327,9394],{"class":66},[52,103329,103330],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103331,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103333,103334,103336,103338,103340,103342,103344,103346,103348,103350],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103335,7894],{"class":58},[52,103337,242],{"class":66},[52,103339,102992],{"class":108},[52,103341,105],{"class":66},[52,103343,757],{"class":756},[52,103345,33317],{"class":760},[52,103347,757],{"class":756},[52,103349,126],{"class":66},[52,103351,103352],{"class":129},"   # no error\n",[52,103354,103355,103357,103359,103361],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,103356,118],{"class":101},[52,103358,105],{"class":66},[52,103360,7894],{"class":108},[52,103362,112],{"class":66},[52,103364,103365],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,103366,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103368,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381,103383,103385],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,103370,7894],{"class":58},[52,103372,242],{"class":66},[52,103374,34892],{"class":108},[52,103376,105],{"class":66},[52,103378,757],{"class":756},[52,103380,4180],{"class":760},[52,103382,757],{"class":756},[52,103384,126],{"class":66},[52,103386,103387],{"class":129},"    # removes existing item\n",[52,103389,103390,103392,103394,103396],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,103391,118],{"class":101},[52,103393,105],{"class":66},[52,103395,7894],{"class":108},[52,103397,112],{"class":66},[20,103399,311],{},[43,103401,103403],{"className":45,"code":103402,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,103404,103405,103425],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103406,103407,103409,103411,103413,103415,103417,103419,103421,103423],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103408,9363],{"class":66},[52,103410,3406],{"class":756},[52,103412,4171],{"class":760},[52,103414,3406],{"class":756},[52,103416,74],{"class":66},[52,103418,3401],{"class":756},[52,103420,4180],{"class":760},[52,103422,3406],{"class":756},[52,103424,9394],{"class":66},[52,103426,103427,103429,103431,103433,103435],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103428,9363],{"class":66},[52,103430,3406],{"class":756},[52,103432,4171],{"class":760},[52,103434,3406],{"class":756},[52,103436,9394],{"class":66},[20,103438,40435,103439,103441,103442,103444],{},[15,103440,55609],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[236,103443,11163],{"href":11162}," for more help with that case.",[38,103446,103448],{"id":103447},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,103450,103451,2514,103453,242],{},[15,103452,102925],{},[15,103454,3878],{},[20,103456,103457],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[43,103459,103461],{"className":45,"code":103460,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,103462,103463,103495,103517,103521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103464,103465,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479,103481,103483,103485,103487,103489,103491,103493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103466,13165],{"class":58},[52,103468,63],{"class":62},[52,103470,10577],{"class":66},[52,103472,757],{"class":756},[52,103474,13182],{"class":760},[52,103476,757],{"class":756},[52,103478,74],{"class":66},[52,103480,768],{"class":756},[52,103482,13199],{"class":760},[52,103484,757],{"class":756},[52,103486,74],{"class":66},[52,103488,768],{"class":756},[52,103490,17549],{"class":760},[52,103492,757],{"class":756},[52,103494,9394],{"class":66},[52,103496,103497,103499,103501,103503,103505,103507,103509,103511,103513,103515],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103498,2347],{"class":58},[52,103500,63],{"class":62},[52,103502,13213],{"class":58},[52,103504,242],{"class":66},[52,103506,102992],{"class":108},[52,103508,105],{"class":66},[52,103510,757],{"class":756},[52,103512,13199],{"class":760},[52,103514,757],{"class":756},[52,103516,112],{"class":66},[52,103518,103519],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103520,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103522,103523,103525,103527,103529],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,103524,118],{"class":101},[52,103526,105],{"class":66},[52,103528,2382],{"class":108},[52,103530,112],{"class":66},[20,103532,311],{},[43,103534,103535],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,103536,103537],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103538,103539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103540,11895],{"class":674},[20,103542,103543,103544,1772],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103545,17596],{},[43,103547,103549],{"className":45,"code":103548,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103550,103551,103583,103601,103605],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103552,103553,103555,103557,103559,103561,103563,103565,103567,103569,103571,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103554,13165],{"class":58},[52,103556,63],{"class":62},[52,103558,10577],{"class":66},[52,103560,757],{"class":756},[52,103562,13182],{"class":760},[52,103564,757],{"class":756},[52,103566,74],{"class":66},[52,103568,768],{"class":756},[52,103570,13199],{"class":760},[52,103572,757],{"class":756},[52,103574,74],{"class":66},[52,103576,768],{"class":756},[52,103578,17549],{"class":760},[52,103580,757],{"class":756},[52,103582,9394],{"class":66},[52,103584,103585,103587,103589,103591,103593,103595,103597,103599],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103586,17596],{"class":58},[52,103588,242],{"class":66},[52,103590,102992],{"class":108},[52,103592,105],{"class":66},[52,103594,757],{"class":756},[52,103596,13199],{"class":760},[52,103598,757],{"class":756},[52,103600,112],{"class":66},[52,103602,103603],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103604,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103606,103607,103609,103611,103613],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,103608,118],{"class":101},[52,103610,105],{"class":66},[52,103612,17596],{"class":108},[52,103614,112],{"class":66},[20,103616,311],{},[43,103618,103620],{"className":45,"code":103619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103621,103622],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103623,103624,103626,103628,103630,103632,103634,103636,103638,103640],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103625,9363],{"class":66},[52,103627,3406],{"class":756},[52,103629,13182],{"class":760},[52,103631,3406],{"class":756},[52,103633,74],{"class":66},[52,103635,3401],{"class":756},[52,103637,17549],{"class":760},[52,103639,3406],{"class":756},[52,103641,9394],{"class":66},[38,103643,246],{"id":245},[20,103645,103646],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[43,103648,103650],{"className":45,"code":103649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103651,103652,103684,103688,103706,103710,103728,103732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103653,103654,103656,103658,103660,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672,103674,103676,103678,103680,103682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103655,36333],{"class":58},[52,103657,63],{"class":62},[52,103659,10577],{"class":66},[52,103661,757],{"class":756},[52,103663,4171],{"class":760},[52,103665,757],{"class":756},[52,103667,74],{"class":66},[52,103669,768],{"class":756},[52,103671,4180],{"class":760},[52,103673,757],{"class":756},[52,103675,74],{"class":66},[52,103677,768],{"class":756},[52,103679,33317],{"class":760},[52,103681,757],{"class":756},[52,103683,9394],{"class":66},[52,103685,103686],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103687,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103689,103690,103692,103694,103696,103698,103700,103702,103704],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103691,118],{"class":101},[52,103693,105],{"class":66},[52,103695,757],{"class":756},[52,103697,11652],{"class":760},[52,103699,757],{"class":756},[52,103701,74],{"class":66},[52,103703,52933],{"class":108},[52,103705,112],{"class":66},[52,103707,103708],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,103709,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103711,103712,103714,103716,103718,103720,103722,103724,103726],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,103713,36385],{"class":58},[52,103715,242],{"class":66},[52,103717,102992],{"class":108},[52,103719,105],{"class":66},[52,103721,757],{"class":756},[52,103723,4180],{"class":760},[52,103725,757],{"class":756},[52,103727,112],{"class":66},[52,103729,103730],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,103731,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103733,103734,103736,103738,103740,103742,103744,103746,103748],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,103735,118],{"class":101},[52,103737,105],{"class":66},[52,103739,757],{"class":756},[52,103741,11692],{"class":760},[52,103743,757],{"class":756},[52,103745,74],{"class":66},[52,103747,52933],{"class":108},[52,103749,112],{"class":66},[20,103751,311],{},[43,103753,103755],{"className":45,"code":103754,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103756,103757,103789],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103758,103759,103761,103763,103765,103767,103769,103771,103773,103775,103777,103779,103781,103783,103785,103787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103760,11712],{"class":58},[52,103762,1772],{"class":66},[52,103764,10577],{"class":66},[52,103766,3406],{"class":756},[52,103768,4180],{"class":760},[52,103770,3406],{"class":756},[52,103772,74],{"class":66},[52,103774,3401],{"class":756},[52,103776,4171],{"class":760},[52,103778,3406],{"class":756},[52,103780,74],{"class":66},[52,103782,3401],{"class":756},[52,103784,33317],{"class":760},[52,103786,3406],{"class":756},[52,103788,9394],{"class":66},[52,103790,103791,103793,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103792,11765],{"class":58},[52,103794,1772],{"class":66},[52,103796,10577],{"class":66},[52,103798,3406],{"class":756},[52,103800,4171],{"class":760},[52,103802,3406],{"class":756},[52,103804,74],{"class":66},[52,103806,3401],{"class":756},[52,103808,33317],{"class":760},[52,103810,3406],{"class":756},[52,103812,9394],{"class":66},[20,103814,103815],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[38,103817,103819],{"id":103818},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103821,103822,103823,103825],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103824,102925],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[43,103827,103829],{"className":45,"code":103828,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103830,103831,103863,103867,103885,103889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103832,103833,103835,103837,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855,103857,103859,103861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103834,36333],{"class":58},[52,103836,63],{"class":62},[52,103838,10577],{"class":66},[52,103840,757],{"class":756},[52,103842,4171],{"class":760},[52,103844,757],{"class":756},[52,103846,74],{"class":66},[52,103848,768],{"class":756},[52,103850,4180],{"class":760},[52,103852,757],{"class":756},[52,103854,74],{"class":66},[52,103856,768],{"class":756},[52,103858,33317],{"class":760},[52,103860,757],{"class":756},[52,103862,9394],{"class":66},[52,103864,103865],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103866,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103868,103869,103871,103873,103875,103877,103879,103881,103883],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,103870,36385],{"class":58},[52,103872,242],{"class":66},[52,103874,102992],{"class":108},[52,103876,105],{"class":66},[52,103878,757],{"class":756},[52,103880,22628],{"class":760},[52,103882,757],{"class":756},[52,103884,112],{"class":66},[52,103886,103887],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,103888,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,103890,103891,103893,103895,103897],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,103892,118],{"class":101},[52,103894,105],{"class":66},[52,103896,36385],{"class":108},[52,103898,112],{"class":66},[20,103900,311],{},[43,103902,103904],{"className":45,"code":103903,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103905,103906],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103907,103908,103910,103912,103914,103916,103918,103920,103922,103924,103926,103928,103930,103932],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103909,9363],{"class":66},[52,103911,3406],{"class":756},[52,103913,4180],{"class":760},[52,103915,3406],{"class":756},[52,103917,74],{"class":66},[52,103919,3401],{"class":756},[52,103921,4171],{"class":760},[52,103923,3406],{"class":756},[52,103925,74],{"class":66},[52,103927,3401],{"class":756},[52,103929,33317],{"class":760},[52,103931,3406],{"class":756},[52,103933,9394],{"class":66},[20,103935,103936],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103938,103939],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[43,103941,103943],{"className":45,"code":103942,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103944,103945,103961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103946,103947,103949,103951,103953,103955,103957,103959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103948,7079],{"class":1195},[52,103950,768],{"class":756},[52,103952,22628],{"class":760},[52,103954,757],{"class":756},[52,103956,21268],{"class":62},[52,103958,52933],{"class":58},[52,103960,1689],{"class":66},[52,103962,103963,103966,103968,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,103964,103965],{"class":58},"    fruits",[52,103967,242],{"class":66},[52,103969,34892],{"class":108},[52,103971,105],{"class":66},[52,103973,757],{"class":756},[52,103975,22628],{"class":760},[52,103977,757],{"class":756},[52,103979,112],{"class":66},[20,103981,103982,103983,103985],{},"With ",[15,103984,102925],{},", you can simply write:",[43,103987,103989],{"className":45,"code":103988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103990,103991],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,103992,103993,103995,103997,103999,104001,104003,104005,104007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,103994,36385],{"class":58},[52,103996,242],{"class":66},[52,103998,102992],{"class":108},[52,104000,105],{"class":66},[52,104002,757],{"class":756},[52,104004,22628],{"class":760},[52,104006,757],{"class":756},[52,104008,112],{"class":66},[38,104010,5054,104012],{"id":104011},"when-to-use-discard",[15,104013,102925],{},[20,104015,133,104016,10688],{},[15,104017,102925],{},[153,104019,104020,104023,104026],{},[156,104021,104022],{},"Missing values are normal",[156,104024,104025],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[156,104027,104028],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,104030,104031],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[38,104033,1766],{"id":1765},[20,104035,8532,104036,242],{},[15,104037,102925],{},[461,104039,8538,104041,104043],{"id":104040},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,104042,102925],{}," to return the changed set",[20,104045,1005],{},[43,104047,104049],{"className":45,"code":104048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104050,104051,104071,104089,104093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104052,104053,104055,104057,104059,104061,104063,104065,104067,104069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104054,59],{"class":58},[52,104056,63],{"class":62},[52,104058,10577],{"class":66},[52,104060,71],{"class":70},[52,104062,74],{"class":66},[52,104064,77],{"class":70},[52,104066,74],{"class":66},[52,104068,82],{"class":70},[52,104070,9394],{"class":66},[52,104072,104073,104075,104077,104079,104081,104083,104085,104087],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104074,59],{"class":58},[52,104076,63],{"class":62},[52,104078,1686],{"class":58},[52,104080,242],{"class":66},[52,104082,102992],{"class":108},[52,104084,105],{"class":66},[52,104086,440],{"class":70},[52,104088,112],{"class":66},[52,104090,104091],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104092,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,104094,104095,104097,104099,104101],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,104096,118],{"class":101},[52,104098,105],{"class":66},[52,104100,109],{"class":108},[52,104102,112],{"class":66},[20,104104,104105,42241,104107,8687,104109,2514,104111,242],{},[15,104106,109],{},[15,104108,3878],{},[15,104110,102925],{},[15,104112,3878],{},[20,104114,18934],{},[43,104116,104118],{"className":45,"code":104117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,104119,104120,104140,104154,104158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104121,104122,104124,104126,104128,104130,104132,104134,104136,104138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104123,59],{"class":58},[52,104125,63],{"class":62},[52,104127,10577],{"class":66},[52,104129,71],{"class":70},[52,104131,74],{"class":66},[52,104133,77],{"class":70},[52,104135,74],{"class":66},[52,104137,82],{"class":70},[52,104139,9394],{"class":66},[52,104141,104142,104144,104146,104148,104150,104152],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104143,109],{"class":58},[52,104145,242],{"class":66},[52,104147,102992],{"class":108},[52,104149,105],{"class":66},[52,104151,440],{"class":70},[52,104153,112],{"class":66},[52,104155,104156],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104157,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,104159,104160,104162,104164,104166],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,104161,118],{"class":101},[52,104163,105],{"class":66},[52,104165,109],{"class":108},[52,104167,112],{"class":66},[461,104169,37298,104171,8791,104173],{"id":104170},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,104172,102925],{},[15,104174,55609],{},[20,104176,104177,104178,242],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,104179,102925],{},[43,104181,104183],{"className":45,"code":104182,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,104184,104185,104217,104238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104186,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199,104201,104203,104205,104207,104209,104211,104213,104215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104188,1387],{"class":58},[52,104190,63],{"class":62},[52,104192,10577],{"class":66},[52,104194,757],{"class":756},[52,104196,236],{"class":760},[52,104198,757],{"class":756},[52,104200,74],{"class":66},[52,104202,768],{"class":756},[52,104204,4853],{"class":760},[52,104206,757],{"class":756},[52,104208,74],{"class":66},[52,104210,768],{"class":756},[52,104212,9825],{"class":760},[52,104214,757],{"class":756},[52,104216,9394],{"class":66},[52,104218,104219,104221,104223,104225,104227,104229,104231,104233,104235],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104220,1458],{"class":58},[52,104222,242],{"class":66},[52,104224,102992],{"class":108},[52,104226,105],{"class":66},[52,104228,757],{"class":756},[52,104230,22172],{"class":760},[52,104232,757],{"class":756},[52,104234,126],{"class":66},[52,104236,104237],{"class":129},"   # safe\n",[52,104239,104240,104242,104244,104246],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104241,118],{"class":101},[52,104243,105],{"class":66},[52,104245,1458],{"class":108},[52,104247,112],{"class":66},[20,104249,104250,104251,45993,104254,242],{},"If you use ",[15,104252,104253],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,104255,19781],{},[461,104257,25711,104259,104261],{"id":104258},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,104260,102925],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,104263,104264,102278],{},[15,104265,102925],{},[20,104267,16736],{},[43,104269,104271],{"className":45,"code":104270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,104272,104273,104293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104274,104275,104277,104279,104281,104283,104285,104287,104289,104291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104276,7863],{"class":58},[52,104278,63],{"class":62},[52,104280,67],{"class":66},[52,104282,71],{"class":70},[52,104284,74],{"class":66},[52,104286,77],{"class":70},[52,104288,74],{"class":66},[52,104290,82],{"class":70},[52,104292,90],{"class":66},[52,104294,104295,104297,104299,104301,104303,104305],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104296,7894],{"class":58},[52,104298,242],{"class":66},[52,104300,102992],{"class":108},[52,104302,105],{"class":66},[52,104304,440],{"class":70},[52,104306,112],{"class":66},[20,104308,104309,104310,1772],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,104311,102925],{},[43,104313,104315],{"className":45,"code":104314,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,104316,104317,104337,104351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104318,104319,104321,104323,104325,104327,104329,104331,104333,104335],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104320,7863],{"class":58},[52,104322,63],{"class":62},[52,104324,10577],{"class":66},[52,104326,71],{"class":70},[52,104328,74],{"class":66},[52,104330,77],{"class":70},[52,104332,74],{"class":66},[52,104334,82],{"class":70},[52,104336,9394],{"class":66},[52,104338,104339,104341,104343,104345,104347,104349],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104340,7894],{"class":58},[52,104342,242],{"class":66},[52,104344,102992],{"class":108},[52,104346,105],{"class":66},[52,104348,440],{"class":70},[52,104350,112],{"class":66},[52,104352,104353,104355,104357,104359],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104354,118],{"class":101},[52,104356,105],{"class":66},[52,104358,7894],{"class":108},[52,104360,112],{"class":66},[461,104362,104364],{"id":104363},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,104366,104367],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,104369,739],{},[43,104371,104373],{"className":45,"code":104372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,104374,104375,104395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104376,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391,104393],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104378,9251],{"class":58},[52,104380,63],{"class":62},[52,104382,10577],{"class":66},[52,104384,71],{"class":70},[52,104386,74],{"class":66},[52,104388,77],{"class":70},[52,104390,74],{"class":66},[52,104392,82],{"class":70},[52,104394,9394],{"class":66},[52,104396,104397,104399,104401,104403,104405,104407],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104398,9289],{"class":58},[52,104400,242],{"class":66},[52,104402,102992],{"class":108},[52,104404,1058],{"class":66},[52,104406,440],{"class":70},[52,104408,1858],{"class":66},[20,104410,104411],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[38,104413,8959],{"id":8958},[20,104415,1800,104416,104418],{},[15,104417,102925],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[43,104420,104422],{"className":45,"code":104421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,104423,104424,104434,104448,104462],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104425,104426,104428,104430,104432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104427,118],{"class":101},[52,104429,105],{"class":66},[52,104431,15758],{"class":108},[52,104433,112],{"class":66},[52,104435,104436,104438,104440,104442,104444,104446],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104437,118],{"class":101},[52,104439,105],{"class":66},[52,104441,1827],{"class":1184},[52,104443,105],{"class":66},[52,104445,15758],{"class":108},[52,104447,510],{"class":66},[52,104449,104450,104452,104454,104456,104458,104460],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104451,118],{"class":101},[52,104453,105],{"class":66},[52,104455,2563],{"class":108},[52,104457,1202],{"class":1195},[52,104459,96995],{"class":108},[52,104461,112],{"class":66},[52,104463,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,104465,32248],{"class":101},[52,104467,105],{"class":66},[52,104469,6372],{"class":1184},[52,104471,242],{"class":66},[52,104473,102992],{"class":24845},[52,104475,112],{"class":66},[20,104477,11259],{},[153,104479,104480,104483,104486,104489],{},[156,104481,104482],{},"What is currently in the set",[156,104484,104485],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[156,104487,104488],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[156,104490,104491],{},"How Python documents the method",[38,104493,1919],{"id":1918},[461,104495,104497],{"id":104496},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104499,104500,104501,104503],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104502,102925],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[461,104505,1923,104507,12804],{"id":104506},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104508,102930],{},[20,104510,5240,104511,104513],{},[15,104512,3878],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[461,104515,5270,104517,652,104519,1963],{"id":104516},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104518,102925],{},[15,104520,55609],{},[20,104522,104523,104524,26633,104526,104528,104529,104531],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104525,55609],{},[15,104527,19781],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104530,102925],{}," does not.",[461,104533,28423,104535,104537],{"id":104534},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104536,102925],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104539,46450,104540,104542],{},[15,104541,102925],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[38,104544,1986],{"id":1985},[153,104546,104547,104553,104559,104564,104568],{},[156,104548,104549],{},[236,104550,96885,104551,10828],{"href":98280},[15,104552,55609],{},[156,104554,104555],{},[236,104556,96885,104557,10828],{"href":98285},[15,104558,12851],{},[156,104560,104561],{},[236,104562,104563],{"href":97954},"Python set: creating a set",[156,104565,104566],{},[236,104567,100420],{"href":98862},[156,104569,104570],{},[236,104571,11351],{"href":11162},[2029,104573,104574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":104576},[104577,104578,104580,104583,104588,104589,104590,104591,104593,104602,104603,104612],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":103102,"depth":93,"text":104579},"What set.discard() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":104581},[104582],{"id":103175,"depth":115,"text":103176},{"id":103255,"depth":93,"text":104584,"children":104585},"What makes discard() different",[104586],{"id":103294,"depth":115,"text":104587},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":103447,"depth":93,"text":103448},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":103818,"depth":93,"text":103819},{"id":104011,"depth":93,"text":104592},"When to use discard()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":104594},[104595,104597,104599,104601],{"id":104040,"depth":115,"text":104596},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":104170,"depth":115,"text":104598},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":104258,"depth":115,"text":104600},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":104363,"depth":115,"text":104364},{"id":8958,"depth":93,"text":8959},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":104604},[104605,104606,104608,104610],{"id":104496,"depth":115,"text":104497},{"id":104506,"depth":115,"text":104607},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104516,"depth":115,"text":104609},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104534,"depth":115,"text":104611},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102917,"description":104613},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104620,"title":104621,"body":104622,"description":106628,"extension":2083,"meta":106629,"navigation":296,"path":106630,"seo":106631,"stem":106632,"__hash__":106633},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104623,"toc":106586},[104624,104627,104635,104640,104651,104653,104708,104712,104732,104737,104741,104746,104748,104762,104764,104839,104841,104874,104879,104884,104886,104888,104903,104906,104914,104919,104934,104936,105025,105027,105116,105122,105126,105128,105166,105168,105192,105195,105210,105212,105267,105269,105302,105304,105309,105313,105317,105322,105387,105389,105409,105415,105419,105476,105478,105499,105503,105508,105553,105555,105588,105591,105595,105628,105630,105659,105663,105667,105670,105672,105691,105693,105739,105744,105758,105760,105791,105796,105799,105843,105845,105873,105877,105881,105897,105900,105965,105967,105979,105982,105986,105989,105994,106022,106024,106042,106048,106087,106089,106107,106113,106142,106144,106162,106165,106182,106184,106189,106193,106196,106222,106229,106234,106249,106258,106262,106265,106296,106302,106305,106314,106317,106319,106321,106379,106382,106407,106409,106413,106416,106420,106428,106432,106435,106439,106442,106444,106467,106469,106510,106517,106525,106528,106559,106561,106583],[10,104625,104621],{"id":104626},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104628,22,104629,104631,104632,242],{},[15,104630,3897],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3842,104633,104634],{},"unique values only",[20,104636,35504,104637,104639],{},[15,104638,3897],{}," to:",[153,104641,104642,104645,104648],{},[156,104643,104644],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[156,104646,104647],{},"check whether a value exists",[156,104649,104650],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[38,104652,41],{"id":40},[43,104654,104656],{"className":45,"code":104655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104657,104658,104682,104697],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104659,104660,104662,104664,104666,104668,104670,104672,104674,104676,104678,104680],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104661,59],{"class":58},[52,104663,63],{"class":62},[52,104665,67],{"class":66},[52,104667,71],{"class":70},[52,104669,74],{"class":66},[52,104671,77],{"class":70},[52,104673,74],{"class":66},[52,104675,77],{"class":70},[52,104677,74],{"class":66},[52,104679,82],{"class":70},[52,104681,90],{"class":66},[52,104683,104684,104687,104689,104691,104693,104695],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104685,104686],{"class":58},"unique_numbers ",[52,104688,63],{"class":62},[52,104690,15725],{"class":1184},[52,104692,105],{"class":66},[52,104694,109],{"class":108},[52,104696,112],{"class":66},[52,104698,104699,104701,104703,104706],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104700,118],{"class":101},[52,104702,105],{"class":66},[52,104704,104705],{"class":108},"unique_numbers",[52,104707,112],{"class":66},[20,104709,104710],{},[3842,104711,311],{},[43,104713,104714],{"className":45,"code":96678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,104715,104716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104717,104718,104720,104722,104724,104726,104728,104730],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104719,9363],{"class":66},[52,104721,71],{"class":70},[52,104723,74],{"class":66},[52,104725,77],{"class":70},[52,104727,74],{"class":66},[52,104729,82],{"class":70},[52,104731,9394],{"class":66},[20,104733,133,104734,104736],{},[15,104735,3897],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[38,104738,104740],{"id":104739},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104742,104743,104745],{},[15,104744,3897],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104747,30635],{},[153,104749,104750,104753,104756,104759],{},[156,104751,104752],{},"A set stores unique items only",[156,104754,104755],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[156,104757,104758],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[156,104760,104761],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104763,2324],{},[43,104765,104767],{"className":45,"code":104766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104768,104769,104809,104824,104828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104770,104771,104773,104775,104777,104779,104781,104783,104785,104787,104789,104791,104793,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803,104805,104807],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104772,13165],{"class":58},[52,104774,63],{"class":62},[52,104776,67],{"class":66},[52,104778,757],{"class":756},[52,104780,13182],{"class":760},[52,104782,757],{"class":756},[52,104784,74],{"class":66},[52,104786,768],{"class":756},[52,104788,13199],{"class":760},[52,104790,757],{"class":756},[52,104792,74],{"class":66},[52,104794,768],{"class":756},[52,104796,13182],{"class":760},[52,104798,757],{"class":756},[52,104800,74],{"class":66},[52,104802,768],{"class":756},[52,104804,17549],{"class":760},[52,104806,757],{"class":756},[52,104808,90],{"class":66},[52,104810,104811,104814,104816,104818,104820,104822],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104812,104813],{"class":58},"unique_colors ",[52,104815,63],{"class":62},[52,104817,15725],{"class":1184},[52,104819,105],{"class":66},[52,104821,17596],{"class":108},[52,104823,112],{"class":66},[52,104825,104826],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104827,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,104829,104830,104832,104834,104837],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,104831,118],{"class":101},[52,104833,105],{"class":66},[52,104835,104836],{"class":108},"unique_colors",[52,104838,112],{"class":66},[20,104840,30125],{},[43,104842,104844],{"className":45,"code":104843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104845,104846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104847,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104849,9363],{"class":66},[52,104851,3406],{"class":756},[52,104853,13199],{"class":760},[52,104855,3406],{"class":756},[52,104857,74],{"class":66},[52,104859,3401],{"class":756},[52,104861,17549],{"class":760},[52,104863,3406],{"class":756},[52,104865,74],{"class":66},[52,104867,3401],{"class":756},[52,104869,13182],{"class":760},[52,104871,3406],{"class":756},[52,104873,9394],{"class":66},[20,104875,2404,104876,104878],{},[15,104877,65468],{}," appears only once.",[20,104880,104881,104882,242],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[236,104883,96399],{"href":96398},[38,104885,181],{"id":180},[20,104887,2277],{},[43,104889,104891],{"className":45,"code":104890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104892,104893],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104894,104895,104897,104899,104901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104896,6372],{"class":1184},[52,104898,105],{"class":66},[52,104900,196],{"class":108},[52,104902,112],{"class":66},[20,104904,104905],{},"The argument is optional.",[153,104907,104908,104911],{},[156,104909,104910],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[156,104912,104913],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104915,104916,104917,1772],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104918,3897],{},[153,104920,104921,104923,104925,104927,104931],{},[156,104922,8179],{},[156,104924,49036],{},[156,104926,61250],{},[156,104928,104929],{},[15,104930,167],{},[156,104932,104933],{},"another set",[20,104935,2244],{},[43,104937,104939],{"className":45,"code":104938,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104940,104941,104967,104989,105007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,104942,104943,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,104944,118],{"class":101},[52,104946,105],{"class":66},[52,104948,6372],{"class":1184},[52,104950,1058],{"class":66},[52,104952,71],{"class":70},[52,104954,74],{"class":66},[52,104956,77],{"class":70},[52,104958,74],{"class":66},[52,104960,77],{"class":70},[52,104962,74],{"class":66},[52,104964,82],{"class":70},[52,104966,1063],{"class":66},[52,104968,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979,104981,104983,104985,104987],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,104970,118],{"class":101},[52,104972,105],{"class":66},[52,104974,6372],{"class":1184},[52,104976,5599],{"class":66},[52,104978,430],{"class":70},[52,104980,74],{"class":66},[52,104982,7874],{"class":70},[52,104984,74],{"class":66},[52,104986,270],{"class":70},[52,104988,622],{"class":66},[52,104990,104991,104993,104995,104997,104999,105001,105003,105005],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,104992,118],{"class":101},[52,104994,105],{"class":66},[52,104996,6372],{"class":1184},[52,104998,105],{"class":66},[52,105000,757],{"class":756},[52,105002,761],{"class":760},[52,105004,757],{"class":756},[52,105006,510],{"class":66},[52,105008,105009,105011,105013,105015,105017,105019,105021,105023],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,105010,118],{"class":101},[52,105012,105],{"class":66},[52,105014,6372],{"class":1184},[52,105016,105],{"class":66},[52,105018,28],{"class":101},[52,105020,105],{"class":66},[52,105022,1595],{"class":70},[52,105024,622],{"class":66},[20,105026,30125],{},[43,105028,105030],{"className":45,"code":105029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,105031,105032,105048,105060,105096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105033,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042,105044,105046],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105035,9363],{"class":66},[52,105037,71],{"class":70},[52,105039,74],{"class":66},[52,105041,77],{"class":70},[52,105043,74],{"class":66},[52,105045,82],{"class":70},[52,105047,9394],{"class":66},[52,105049,105050,105052,105054,105056,105058],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105051,9363],{"class":66},[52,105053,430],{"class":70},[52,105055,74],{"class":66},[52,105057,7874],{"class":70},[52,105059,9394],{"class":66},[52,105061,105062,105064,105066,105068,105070,105072,105074,105076,105078,105080,105082,105084,105086,105088,105090,105092,105094],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105063,9363],{"class":66},[52,105065,3406],{"class":756},[52,105067,1423],{"class":760},[52,105069,3406],{"class":756},[52,105071,74],{"class":66},[52,105073,3401],{"class":756},[52,105075,60526],{"class":760},[52,105077,3406],{"class":756},[52,105079,74],{"class":66},[52,105081,3401],{"class":756},[52,105083,60535],{"class":760},[52,105085,3406],{"class":756},[52,105087,74],{"class":66},[52,105089,3401],{"class":756},[52,105091,1432],{"class":760},[52,105093,3406],{"class":756},[52,105095,9394],{"class":66},[52,105097,105098,105100,105102,105104,105106,105108,105110,105112,105114],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,105099,9363],{"class":66},[52,105101,207],{"class":70},[52,105103,74],{"class":66},[52,105105,5586],{"class":70},[52,105107,74],{"class":66},[52,105109,77],{"class":70},[52,105111,74],{"class":66},[52,105113,82],{"class":70},[52,105115,9394],{"class":66},[20,105117,105118,105119,242],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[236,105120,105121],{"href":64923},"Python list() function explained",[38,105123,105125],{"id":105124},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,105127,98351],{},[43,105129,105130],{"className":45,"code":99316,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105131,105132,105142,105152],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105133,105134,105136,105138,105140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105135,98361],{"class":58},[52,105137,63],{"class":62},[52,105139,15725],{"class":1184},[52,105141,8729],{"class":66},[52,105143,105144,105146,105148,105150],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105145,118],{"class":101},[52,105147,105],{"class":66},[52,105149,98380],{"class":108},[52,105151,112],{"class":66},[52,105153,105154,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105155,118],{"class":101},[52,105157,105],{"class":66},[52,105159,1827],{"class":1184},[52,105161,105],{"class":66},[52,105163,98380],{"class":108},[52,105165,510],{"class":66},[20,105167,311],{},[43,105169,105170],{"className":45,"code":99359,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105171,105172,105178],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105173,105174,105176],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105175,6372],{"class":1184},[52,105177,8729],{"class":66},[52,105179,105180,105182,105184,105186,105188,105190],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105181,3395],{"class":62},[52,105183,3398],{"class":2184},[52,105185,3401],{"class":756},[52,105187,6372],{"class":760},[52,105189,3406],{"class":756},[52,105191,3409],{"class":62},[20,105193,105194],{},"This is important because:",[153,105196,105197,105202],{},[156,105198,105199,105201],{},[15,105200,3897],{}," creates an empty set",[156,105203,105204,105206,105207,105209],{},[15,105205,3892],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3842,105208,4722],{}," a set",[20,105211,2324],{},[43,105213,105215],{"className":45,"code":105214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,105216,105217,105227,105235,105239,105253],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105218,105219,105221,105223,105225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105220,2668],{"class":58},[52,105222,63],{"class":62},[52,105224,15725],{"class":1184},[52,105226,8729],{"class":66},[52,105228,105229,105231,105233],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105230,2696],{"class":58},[52,105232,63],{"class":62},[52,105234,9924],{"class":66},[52,105236,105237],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105238,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,105240,105241,105243,105245,105247,105249,105251],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,105242,118],{"class":101},[52,105244,105],{"class":66},[52,105246,1827],{"class":1184},[52,105248,105],{"class":66},[52,105250,236],{"class":108},[52,105252,510],{"class":66},[52,105254,105255,105257,105259,105261,105263,105265],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,105256,118],{"class":101},[52,105258,105],{"class":66},[52,105260,1827],{"class":1184},[52,105262,105],{"class":66},[52,105264,4853],{"class":108},[52,105266,510],{"class":66},[20,105268,311],{},[43,105270,105272],{"className":45,"code":105271,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,105273,105274,105288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105275,105276,105278,105280,105282,105284,105286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105277,3395],{"class":62},[52,105279,3398],{"class":2184},[52,105281,3401],{"class":756},[52,105283,6372],{"class":760},[52,105285,3406],{"class":756},[52,105287,3409],{"class":62},[52,105289,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105291,3395],{"class":62},[52,105293,3398],{"class":2184},[52,105295,3401],{"class":756},[52,105297,8908],{"class":760},[52,105299,3406],{"class":756},[52,105301,3409],{"class":62},[20,105303,14139],{},[20,105305,105306,105307,242],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[236,105308,104563],{"href":96402},[38,105310,105312],{"id":105311},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[461,105314,105316],{"id":105315},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,105318,105319,105320,242],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,105321,3897],{},[43,105323,105325],{"className":45,"code":105324,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105326,105327,105359,105373,105377],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105328,105329,105331,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349,105351,105353,105355,105357],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105330,59],{"class":58},[52,105332,63],{"class":62},[52,105334,67],{"class":66},[52,105336,71],{"class":70},[52,105338,74],{"class":66},[52,105340,77],{"class":70},[52,105342,74],{"class":66},[52,105344,77],{"class":70},[52,105346,74],{"class":66},[52,105348,82],{"class":70},[52,105350,74],{"class":66},[52,105352,82],{"class":70},[52,105354,74],{"class":66},[52,105356,82],{"class":70},[52,105358,90],{"class":66},[52,105360,105361,105363,105365,105367,105369,105371],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105362,2347],{"class":58},[52,105364,63],{"class":62},[52,105366,15725],{"class":1184},[52,105368,105],{"class":66},[52,105370,109],{"class":108},[52,105372,112],{"class":66},[52,105374,105375],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105376,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,105378,105379,105381,105383,105385],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,105380,118],{"class":101},[52,105382,105],{"class":66},[52,105384,2382],{"class":108},[52,105386,112],{"class":66},[20,105388,311],{},[43,105390,105391],{"className":45,"code":96678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105392,105393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105394,105395,105397,105399,105401,105403,105405,105407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105396,9363],{"class":66},[52,105398,71],{"class":70},[52,105400,74],{"class":66},[52,105402,77],{"class":70},[52,105404,74],{"class":66},[52,105406,82],{"class":70},[52,105408,9394],{"class":66},[20,105410,105411,105412,242],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[236,105413,99149],{"href":105414},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[461,105416,105418],{"id":105417},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[43,105420,105422],{"className":45,"code":105421,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105423,105424,105448,105462,105466],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105425,105426,105428,105430,105432,105434,105436,105438,105440,105442,105444,105446],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105427,474],{"class":58},[52,105429,63],{"class":62},[52,105431,9321],{"class":66},[52,105433,265],{"class":70},[52,105435,74],{"class":66},[52,105437,4696],{"class":70},[52,105439,74],{"class":66},[52,105441,270],{"class":70},[52,105443,74],{"class":66},[52,105445,275],{"class":70},[52,105447,112],{"class":66},[52,105449,105450,105452,105454,105456,105458,105460],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105451,2347],{"class":58},[52,105453,63],{"class":62},[52,105455,15725],{"class":1184},[52,105457,105],{"class":66},[52,105459,507],{"class":108},[52,105461,112],{"class":66},[52,105463,105464],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105465,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,105467,105468,105470,105472,105474],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,105469,118],{"class":101},[52,105471,105],{"class":66},[52,105473,2382],{"class":108},[52,105475,112],{"class":66},[20,105477,311],{},[43,105479,105481],{"className":45,"code":105480,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105482,105483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105484,105485,105487,105489,105491,105493,105495,105497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105486,9363],{"class":66},[52,105488,265],{"class":70},[52,105490,74],{"class":66},[52,105492,270],{"class":70},[52,105494,74],{"class":66},[52,105496,275],{"class":70},[52,105498,9394],{"class":66},[461,105500,105502],{"id":105501},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105504,51211,105505,105507],{},[15,105506,3897],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[43,105509,105511],{"className":45,"code":105510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105512,105513,105525,105539,105543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105514,105515,105517,105519,105521,105523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105516,34785],{"class":58},[52,105518,63],{"class":62},[52,105520,768],{"class":756},[52,105522,4180],{"class":760},[52,105524,3465],{"class":756},[52,105526,105527,105529,105531,105533,105535,105537],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105528,2347],{"class":58},[52,105530,63],{"class":62},[52,105532,15725],{"class":1184},[52,105534,105],{"class":66},[52,105536,34806],{"class":108},[52,105538,112],{"class":66},[52,105540,105541],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105542,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,105544,105545,105547,105549,105551],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,105546,118],{"class":101},[52,105548,105],{"class":66},[52,105550,2382],{"class":108},[52,105552,112],{"class":66},[20,105554,30125],{},[43,105556,105558],{"className":45,"code":105557,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105559,105560],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105561,105562,105564,105566,105568,105570,105572,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105563,9363],{"class":66},[52,105565,3406],{"class":756},[52,105567,4853],{"class":760},[52,105569,3406],{"class":756},[52,105571,74],{"class":66},[52,105573,3401],{"class":756},[52,105575,236],{"class":760},[52,105577,3406],{"class":756},[52,105579,74],{"class":66},[52,105581,3401],{"class":756},[52,105583,1441],{"class":760},[52,105585,3406],{"class":756},[52,105587,9394],{"class":66},[20,105589,105590],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[461,105592,105594],{"id":105593},"from-range","From range()",[43,105596,105598],{"className":45,"code":105597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105599,105600,105618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105601,105602,105604,105606,105608,105610,105612,105614,105616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105603,2347],{"class":58},[52,105605,63],{"class":62},[52,105607,15725],{"class":1184},[52,105609,105],{"class":66},[52,105611,28],{"class":101},[52,105613,105],{"class":66},[52,105615,265],{"class":70},[52,105617,510],{"class":66},[52,105619,105620,105622,105624,105626],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105621,118],{"class":101},[52,105623,105],{"class":66},[52,105625,2382],{"class":108},[52,105627,112],{"class":66},[20,105629,311],{},[43,105631,105633],{"className":45,"code":105632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105634,105635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105636,105637,105639,105641,105643,105645,105647,105649,105651,105653,105655,105657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105638,9363],{"class":66},[52,105640,207],{"class":70},[52,105642,74],{"class":66},[52,105644,5586],{"class":70},[52,105646,74],{"class":66},[52,105648,77],{"class":70},[52,105650,74],{"class":66},[52,105652,82],{"class":70},[52,105654,74],{"class":66},[52,105656,87],{"class":70},[52,105658,9394],{"class":66},[38,105660,105662],{"id":105661},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105664,99596,105665,242],{},[3842,105666,96442],{},[20,105668,105669],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105671,99602],{},[153,105673,105674,105678,105682,105686],{},[156,105675,105676],{},[15,105677,1185],{},[156,105679,105680],{},[15,105681,3550],{},[156,105683,105684],{},[15,105685,2308],{},[156,105687,105688,105690],{},[15,105689,49036],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105692,2324],{},[43,105694,105696],{"className":45,"code":105695,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105697,105698,105729],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105699,105700,105702,105704,105706,105708,105710,105712,105714,105716,105718,105720,105722,105724,105726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105701,7863],{"class":58},[52,105703,63],{"class":62},[52,105705,10577],{"class":66},[52,105707,71],{"class":70},[52,105709,74],{"class":66},[52,105711,768],{"class":756},[52,105713,761],{"class":760},[52,105715,757],{"class":756},[52,105717,74],{"class":66},[52,105719,9321],{"class":66},[52,105721,430],{"class":70},[52,105723,74],{"class":66},[52,105725,7874],{"class":70},[52,105727,105728],{"class":66},")}\n",[52,105730,105731,105733,105735,105737],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105732,118],{"class":101},[52,105734,105],{"class":66},[52,105736,7894],{"class":108},[52,105738,112],{"class":66},[20,105740,99664,105741,105743],{},[3842,105742,4722],{}," work inside a set:",[153,105745,105746,105750,105754],{},[156,105747,105748],{},[15,105749,8179],{},[156,105751,105752],{},[15,105753,8908],{},[156,105755,105756],{},[15,105757,6372],{},[20,105759,97167],{},[43,105761,105763],{"className":45,"code":105762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105764,105765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105766,105767,105769,105771,105773,105775,105777,105779,105781,105783,105785,105787,105789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105768,99683],{"class":58},[52,105770,63],{"class":62},[52,105772,99688],{"class":66},[52,105774,71],{"class":70},[52,105776,74],{"class":66},[52,105778,77],{"class":70},[52,105780,894],{"class":66},[52,105782,67],{"class":66},[52,105784,445],{"class":70},[52,105786,74],{"class":66},[52,105788,87],{"class":70},[52,105790,13796],{"class":66},[20,105792,76931,105793,105795],{},[15,105794,1979],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105797,105798],{},"A safer example:",[43,105800,105802],{"className":45,"code":105801,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105803,105804,105832],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105805,105806,105809,105811,105814,105816,105818,105820,105822,105824,105826,105828,105830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105807,105808],{"class":58},"good_set ",[52,105810,63],{"class":62},[52,105812,105813],{"class":66}," {(",[52,105815,71],{"class":70},[52,105817,74],{"class":66},[52,105819,77],{"class":70},[52,105821,9318],{"class":66},[52,105823,9321],{"class":66},[52,105825,445],{"class":70},[52,105827,74],{"class":66},[52,105829,87],{"class":70},[52,105831,105728],{"class":66},[52,105833,105834,105836,105838,105841],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105835,118],{"class":101},[52,105837,105],{"class":66},[52,105839,105840],{"class":108},"good_set",[52,105842,112],{"class":66},[20,105844,311],{},[43,105846,105848],{"className":45,"code":105847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105849,105850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105851,105852,105855,105857,105859,105861,105863,105865,105867,105869,105871],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105853,105854],{"class":66},"{(",[52,105856,71],{"class":70},[52,105858,74],{"class":66},[52,105860,77],{"class":70},[52,105862,9318],{"class":66},[52,105864,9321],{"class":66},[52,105866,445],{"class":70},[52,105868,74],{"class":66},[52,105870,87],{"class":70},[52,105872,105728],{"class":66},[38,105874,105876],{"id":105875},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105878,133,105879,10688],{},[15,105880,3897],{},[153,105882,105883,105886,105891,105894],{},[156,105884,105885],{},"you need unique values only",[156,105887,105888,105889],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105890,1202],{},[156,105892,105893],{},"order does not matter",[156,105895,105896],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105898,105899],{},"Example of membership checking:",[43,105901,105903],{"className":45,"code":105902,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105904,105905,105930,105934,105950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105906,105907,105910,105912,105914,105916,105918,105920,105923,105925,105928],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105908,105909],{"class":58},"allowed_ids ",[52,105911,63],{"class":62},[52,105913,15725],{"class":1184},[52,105915,1058],{"class":66},[52,105917,46677],{"class":70},[52,105919,74],{"class":66},[52,105921,105922],{"class":70}," 102",[52,105924,74],{"class":66},[52,105926,105927],{"class":70}," 103",[52,105929,1858],{"class":66},[52,105931,105932],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105933,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,105935,105936,105938,105940,105943,105945,105948],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,105937,118],{"class":101},[52,105939,105],{"class":66},[52,105941,105942],{"class":70},"102",[52,105944,21268],{"class":1195},[52,105946,105947],{"class":108}," allowed_ids",[52,105949,112],{"class":66},[52,105951,105952,105954,105956,105959,105961,105963],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,105953,118],{"class":101},[52,105955,105],{"class":66},[52,105957,105958],{"class":70},"999",[52,105960,21268],{"class":1195},[52,105962,105947],{"class":108},[52,105964,112],{"class":66},[20,105966,311],{},[43,105968,105969],{"className":45,"code":44258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105970,105971,105975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105972,105973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,105974,4072],{"class":674},[52,105976,105977],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,105978,4133],{"class":674},[20,105980,105981],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[38,105983,105985],{"id":105984},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105987,105988],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[461,105990,133,105992,98293],{"id":105991},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105993,3897],{},[43,105995,105996],{"className":45,"code":98354,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,105997,105998,106008],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,105999,106000,106002,106004,106006],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106001,98361],{"class":58},[52,106003,63],{"class":62},[52,106005,15725],{"class":1184},[52,106007,8729],{"class":66},[52,106009,106010,106012,106014,106016,106018,106020],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,106011,118],{"class":101},[52,106013,105],{"class":66},[52,106015,1827],{"class":1184},[52,106017,105],{"class":66},[52,106019,98380],{"class":108},[52,106021,510],{"class":66},[20,106023,311],{},[43,106025,106026],{"className":45,"code":8939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106027,106028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106029,106030,106032,106034,106036,106038,106040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106031,3395],{"class":62},[52,106033,3398],{"class":2184},[52,106035,3401],{"class":756},[52,106037,6372],{"class":760},[52,106039,3406],{"class":756},[52,106041,3409],{"class":62},[461,106043,133,106045,106047],{"id":106044},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,106046,100353],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[43,106049,106051],{"className":45,"code":106050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,106052,106053,106073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106054,106055,106057,106059,106061,106063,106065,106067,106069,106071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106056,59],{"class":58},[52,106058,63],{"class":62},[52,106060,10577],{"class":66},[52,106062,71],{"class":70},[52,106064,74],{"class":66},[52,106066,77],{"class":70},[52,106068,74],{"class":66},[52,106070,82],{"class":70},[52,106072,9394],{"class":66},[52,106074,106075,106077,106079,106081,106083,106085],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,106076,118],{"class":101},[52,106078,105],{"class":66},[52,106080,1827],{"class":1184},[52,106082,105],{"class":66},[52,106084,109],{"class":108},[52,106086,510],{"class":66},[20,106088,311],{},[43,106090,106091],{"className":45,"code":8939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106092,106093],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106094,106095,106097,106099,106101,106103,106105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106096,3395],{"class":62},[52,106098,3398],{"class":2184},[52,106100,3401],{"class":756},[52,106102,6372],{"class":760},[52,106104,3406],{"class":756},[52,106106,3409],{"class":62},[461,106108,133,106110,106112],{"id":106109},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,106111,3892],{}," for an empty dictionary",[43,106114,106116],{"className":45,"code":106115,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,106117,106118,106127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106119,106120,106123,106125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106121,106122],{"class":58},"empty_dict ",[52,106124,63],{"class":62},[52,106126,9924],{"class":66},[52,106128,106129,106131,106133,106135,106137,106140],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,106130,118],{"class":101},[52,106132,105],{"class":66},[52,106134,1827],{"class":1184},[52,106136,105],{"class":66},[52,106138,106139],{"class":108},"empty_dict",[52,106141,510],{"class":66},[20,106143,311],{},[43,106145,106146],{"className":45,"code":8895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106147,106148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106149,106150,106152,106154,106156,106158,106160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106151,3395],{"class":62},[52,106153,3398],{"class":2184},[52,106155,3401],{"class":756},[52,106157,8908],{"class":760},[52,106159,3406],{"class":756},[52,106161,3409],{"class":62},[20,106163,106164],{},"So the rule is simple:",[153,106166,106167,106172,106177],{},[156,106168,106169,106171],{},[15,106170,3897],{}," → empty set",[156,106173,106174,106176],{},[15,106175,100353],{}," → non-empty set",[156,106178,106179,106181],{},[15,106180,3892],{}," → empty dictionary",[38,106183,1766],{"id":1765},[20,106185,106186,106187,242],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,106188,3897],{},[461,106190,1372,106191,99951],{"id":99948},[15,106192,3892],{},[20,106194,106195],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[43,106197,106198],{"className":45,"code":99957,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,106199,106200,106208],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106201,106202,106204,106206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106203,2563],{"class":58},[52,106205,63],{"class":62},[52,106207,9924],{"class":66},[52,106209,106210,106212,106214,106216,106218,106220],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,106211,118],{"class":101},[52,106213,105],{"class":66},[52,106215,1827],{"class":1184},[52,106217,105],{"class":66},[52,106219,2588],{"class":108},[52,106221,510],{"class":66},[461,106223,106225,106226],{"id":106224},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,106227,106228],{},"set(5)",[20,106230,106231,106233],{},[15,106232,3897],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[43,106235,106237],{"className":45,"code":106236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set(5)\n",[15,106238,106239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106240,106241,106243,106245,106247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106242,6372],{"class":1184},[52,106244,105],{"class":66},[52,106246,265],{"class":70},[52,106248,112],{"class":66},[20,106250,3107,106251,106253,106254,242],{},[15,106252,1979],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[236,106255,106257],{"href":106256},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[461,106259,106261],{"id":106260},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,106263,106264],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[43,106266,106268],{"className":45,"code":106267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,106269,106270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106271,106272,106274,106276,106278,106280,106282,106284,106286,106288,106290,106292,106294],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106273,2563],{"class":58},[52,106275,63],{"class":62},[52,106277,99688],{"class":66},[52,106279,71],{"class":70},[52,106281,74],{"class":66},[52,106283,77],{"class":70},[52,106285,894],{"class":66},[52,106287,67],{"class":66},[52,106289,445],{"class":70},[52,106291,74],{"class":66},[52,106293,87],{"class":70},[52,106295,13796],{"class":66},[461,106297,8538,106299,106301],{"id":106298},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,106300,3897],{}," to keep the original order",[20,106303,106304],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[461,106306,37298,106308,8791,106310,1943,106312],{"id":106307},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,106309,3897],{},[15,106311,24875],{},[15,106313,9206],{},[20,106315,106316],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[38,106318,60786],{"id":60785},[20,106320,11201],{},[43,106322,106324],{"className":45,"code":106323,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,106325,106326,106341,106351,106365],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106327,106328,106330,106332,106334,106336,106339],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106329,118],{"class":101},[52,106331,105],{"class":66},[52,106333,1827],{"class":1184},[52,106335,105],{"class":66},[52,106337,106338],{"class":108},"my_value",[52,106340,510],{"class":66},[52,106342,106343,106345,106347,106349],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,106344,118],{"class":101},[52,106346,105],{"class":66},[52,106348,106338],{"class":108},[52,106350,112],{"class":66},[52,106352,106353,106355,106357,106359,106361,106363],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,106354,118],{"class":101},[52,106356,105],{"class":66},[52,106358,8179],{"class":1184},[52,106360,105],{"class":66},[52,106362,15758],{"class":108},[52,106364,510],{"class":66},[52,106366,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,106368,118],{"class":101},[52,106370,105],{"class":66},[52,106372,11250],{"class":101},[52,106374,105],{"class":66},[52,106376,15758],{"class":108},[52,106378,510],{"class":66},[20,106380,106381],{},"What they help you see:",[153,106383,106384,106390,106395,106401],{},[156,106385,106386,106389],{},[15,106387,106388],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[156,106391,106392,90617],{},[15,106393,106394],{},"print(my_value)",[156,106396,106397,106400],{},[15,106398,106399],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[156,106402,106403,106406],{},[15,106404,106405],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[38,106408,1919],{"id":1918},[461,106410,106412],{"id":106411},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,106414,106415],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[461,106417,106419],{"id":106418},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,106421,133,106422,106424,106425,106427],{},[15,106423,3897],{},". Do not use ",[15,106426,3892],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[461,106429,106431],{"id":106430},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,106433,106434],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[461,106436,106438],{"id":106437},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,106440,106441],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,106443,2324],{},[43,106445,106447],{"className":45,"code":106446,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,106448,106449],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106450,106451,106453,106455,106457,106459,106461,106463,106465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106452,118],{"class":101},[52,106454,105],{"class":66},[52,106456,6372],{"class":1184},[52,106458,105],{"class":66},[52,106460,757],{"class":756},[52,106462,4171],{"class":760},[52,106464,757],{"class":756},[52,106466,510],{"class":66},[20,106468,30125],{},[43,106470,106472],{"className":45,"code":106471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,106473,106474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106475,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484,106486,106488,106490,106492,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506,106508],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106477,9363],{"class":66},[52,106479,3406],{"class":756},[52,106481,236],{"class":760},[52,106483,3406],{"class":756},[52,106485,74],{"class":66},[52,106487,3401],{"class":756},[52,106489,20],{"class":760},[52,106491,3406],{"class":756},[52,106493,74],{"class":66},[52,106495,3401],{"class":756},[52,106497,60535],{"class":760},[52,106499,3406],{"class":756},[52,106501,74],{"class":66},[52,106503,3401],{"class":756},[52,106505,60526],{"class":760},[52,106507,3406],{"class":756},[52,106509,9394],{"class":66},[461,106511,1973,106513,106516],{"id":106512},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106514,106515],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106518,106519,28780,106521,106524],{},[15,106520,3897],{},[3842,106522,106523],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106526,106527],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[43,106529,106531],{"className":45,"code":106530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106532,106533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106534,106535,106537,106539,106541,106543,106545,106547,106549,106551,106553,106555,106557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106536,118],{"class":101},[52,106538,105],{"class":66},[52,106540,6372],{"class":1184},[52,106542,1058],{"class":66},[52,106544,71],{"class":70},[52,106546,74],{"class":66},[52,106548,77],{"class":70},[52,106550,74],{"class":66},[52,106552,82],{"class":70},[52,106554,74],{"class":66},[52,106556,87],{"class":70},[52,106558,1063],{"class":66},[38,106560,1986],{"id":1985},[153,106562,106563,106567,106571,106575,106579],{},[156,106564,106565],{},[236,106566,96399],{"href":96398},[156,106568,106569],{},[236,106570,104563],{"href":96402},[156,106572,106573],{},[236,106574,100415],{"href":105414},[156,106576,106577],{},[236,106578,105121],{"href":64923},[156,106580,106581],{},[236,106582,106257],{"href":106256},[2029,106584,106585],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":106587},[106588,106589,106590,106591,106592,106598,106599,106600,106608,106618,106619,106627],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":104739,"depth":93,"text":104740},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":105124,"depth":93,"text":105125},{"id":105311,"depth":93,"text":105312,"children":106593},[106594,106595,106596,106597],{"id":105315,"depth":115,"text":105316},{"id":105417,"depth":115,"text":105418},{"id":105501,"depth":115,"text":105502},{"id":105593,"depth":115,"text":105594},{"id":105661,"depth":93,"text":105662},{"id":105875,"depth":93,"text":105876},{"id":105984,"depth":93,"text":105985,"children":106601},[106602,106604,106606],{"id":105991,"depth":115,"text":106603},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":106044,"depth":115,"text":106605},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":106109,"depth":115,"text":106607},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":106609},[106610,106611,106613,106614,106616],{"id":99948,"depth":115,"text":100456},{"id":106224,"depth":115,"text":106612},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":106260,"depth":115,"text":106261},{"id":106298,"depth":115,"text":106615},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":106307,"depth":115,"text":106617},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60785,"depth":93,"text":60786},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":106620},[106621,106622,106623,106624,106625],{"id":106411,"depth":115,"text":106412},{"id":106418,"depth":115,"text":106419},{"id":106430,"depth":115,"text":106431},{"id":106437,"depth":115,"text":106438},{"id":106512,"depth":115,"text":106626},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104621,"description":106628},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106635,"title":106636,"body":106637,"description":108152,"extension":2083,"meta":108153,"navigation":296,"path":108154,"seo":108155,"stem":108156,"__hash__":108157},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106638,"toc":108128},[106639,106645,106650,106653,106736,106741,106746,106751,106753,106766,106770,106772,106791,106794,106817,106820,106831,106833,106914,106916,106933,106935,106941,106944,107039,107041,107072,107074,107082,107084,107087,107198,107200,107225,107227,107249,107254,107259,107265,107374,107376,107392,107395,107398,107481,107483,107500,107508,107510,107514,107520,107611,107613,107646,107651,107658,107735,107737,107754,107760,107762,107766,107782,107785,107811,107813,107874,107876,107999,108001,108052,108058,108060,108065,108067,108073,108076,108080,108083,108087,108090,108100,108102,108125],[10,106640,13,106642,11411],{"id":106641},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106643,106644],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106646,2100,106647,106649],{},[15,106648,106644],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106651,106652],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[43,106654,106656],{"className":45,"code":106655,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106657,106658,106678,106698,106702,106721,106731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106659,106660,106662,106664,106666,106668,106670,106672,106674,106676],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106661,2668],{"class":58},[52,106663,63],{"class":62},[52,106665,10577],{"class":66},[52,106667,71],{"class":70},[52,106669,74],{"class":66},[52,106671,77],{"class":70},[52,106673,74],{"class":66},[52,106675,82],{"class":70},[52,106677,9394],{"class":66},[52,106679,106680,106682,106684,106686,106688,106690,106692,106694,106696],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,106681,2696],{"class":58},[52,106683,63],{"class":62},[52,106685,10577],{"class":66},[52,106687,440],{"class":70},[52,106689,74],{"class":66},[52,106691,82],{"class":70},[52,106693,74],{"class":66},[52,106695,87],{"class":70},[52,106697,9394],{"class":66},[52,106699,106700],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,106701,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,106703,106704,106706,106708,106710,106712,106715,106717,106719],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,106705,2347],{"class":58},[52,106707,63],{"class":62},[52,106709,56967],{"class":58},[52,106711,242],{"class":66},[52,106713,106714],{"class":108},"intersection",[52,106716,105],{"class":66},[52,106718,4853],{"class":108},[52,106720,112],{"class":66},[52,106722,106723,106725,106727,106729],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,106724,118],{"class":101},[52,106726,105],{"class":66},[52,106728,2382],{"class":108},[52,106730,112],{"class":66},[52,106732,106733],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,106734,106735],{"class":129},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106737,133,106738,106740],{},[15,106739,102862],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[38,106742,13085,106744,13088],{"id":106743},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106745,102862],{},[20,106747,106748,106750],{},[15,106749,102862],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106752,13141],{},[153,106754,106755,106758,106760,106763],{},[156,106756,106757],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[156,106759,100632],{},[156,106761,106762],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[156,106764,106765],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106767,96395,106768,242],{},[236,106769,96399],{"href":96398},[38,106771,181],{"id":180},[43,106773,106775],{"className":45,"code":106774,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106776,106777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106778,106779,106781,106783,106785,106787,106789],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106780,100656],{"class":58},[52,106782,242],{"class":66},[52,106784,106714],{"class":108},[52,106786,105],{"class":66},[52,106788,100665],{"class":108},[52,106790,112],{"class":66},[20,106792,106793],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[43,106795,106797],{"className":45,"code":106796,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106798,106799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106800,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811,106813,106815],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106802,100656],{"class":58},[52,106804,242],{"class":66},[52,106806,106714],{"class":108},[52,106808,105],{"class":66},[52,106810,100665],{"class":108},[52,106812,74],{"class":66},[52,106814,100692],{"class":108},[52,106816,112],{"class":66},[20,106818,106819],{},"Important notes:",[153,106821,106822,106825,106828],{},[156,106823,106824],{},"The result is always a new set",[156,106826,106827],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[156,106829,106830],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106832,2324],{},[43,106834,106836],{"className":45,"code":106835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106837,106838,106862,106882,106886,106904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106839,106840,106842,106844,106846,106848,106850,106852,106854,106856,106858,106860],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106841,2668],{"class":58},[52,106843,63],{"class":62},[52,106845,10577],{"class":66},[52,106847,71],{"class":70},[52,106849,74],{"class":66},[52,106851,77],{"class":70},[52,106853,74],{"class":66},[52,106855,82],{"class":70},[52,106857,74],{"class":66},[52,106859,87],{"class":70},[52,106861,9394],{"class":66},[52,106863,106864,106866,106868,106870,106872,106874,106876,106878,106880],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,106865,2696],{"class":58},[52,106867,63],{"class":62},[52,106869,10577],{"class":66},[52,106871,445],{"class":70},[52,106873,74],{"class":66},[52,106875,87],{"class":70},[52,106877,74],{"class":66},[52,106879,4696],{"class":70},[52,106881,9394],{"class":66},[52,106883,106884],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,106885,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,106887,106888,106890,106892,106894,106896,106898,106900,106902],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,106889,2347],{"class":58},[52,106891,63],{"class":62},[52,106893,56967],{"class":58},[52,106895,242],{"class":66},[52,106897,106714],{"class":108},[52,106899,105],{"class":66},[52,106901,4853],{"class":108},[52,106903,112],{"class":66},[52,106905,106906,106908,106910,106912],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,106907,118],{"class":101},[52,106909,105],{"class":66},[52,106911,2382],{"class":108},[52,106913,112],{"class":66},[20,106915,311],{},[43,106917,106919],{"className":45,"code":106918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106920,106921],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106922,106923,106925,106927,106929,106931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106924,9363],{"class":66},[52,106926,445],{"class":70},[52,106928,74],{"class":66},[52,106930,87],{"class":70},[52,106932,9394],{"class":66},[38,106934,17512],{"id":17511},[20,106936,106937,22070,106939,242],{},[15,106938,102862],{},[3842,106940,6372],{},[20,106942,106943],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[43,106945,106947],{"className":45,"code":106946,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106948,106949,106969,106989,106993,107011,107015,107025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,106950,106951,106953,106955,106957,106959,106961,106963,106965,106967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,106952,2668],{"class":58},[52,106954,63],{"class":62},[52,106956,10577],{"class":66},[52,106958,71],{"class":70},[52,106960,74],{"class":66},[52,106962,77],{"class":70},[52,106964,74],{"class":66},[52,106966,82],{"class":70},[52,106968,9394],{"class":66},[52,106970,106971,106973,106975,106977,106979,106981,106983,106985,106987],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,106972,2696],{"class":58},[52,106974,63],{"class":62},[52,106976,10577],{"class":66},[52,106978,440],{"class":70},[52,106980,74],{"class":66},[52,106982,82],{"class":70},[52,106984,74],{"class":66},[52,106986,87],{"class":70},[52,106988,9394],{"class":66},[52,106990,106991],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,106992,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,106994,106995,106997,106999,107001,107003,107005,107007,107009],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,106996,2347],{"class":58},[52,106998,63],{"class":62},[52,107000,56967],{"class":58},[52,107002,242],{"class":66},[52,107004,106714],{"class":108},[52,107006,105],{"class":66},[52,107008,4853],{"class":108},[52,107010,112],{"class":66},[52,107012,107013],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,107014,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107016,107017,107019,107021,107023],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,107018,118],{"class":101},[52,107020,105],{"class":66},[52,107022,2382],{"class":108},[52,107024,112],{"class":66},[52,107026,107027,107029,107031,107033,107035,107037],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,107028,118],{"class":101},[52,107030,105],{"class":66},[52,107032,1827],{"class":1184},[52,107034,105],{"class":66},[52,107036,2382],{"class":108},[52,107038,510],{"class":66},[20,107040,311],{},[43,107042,107044],{"className":45,"code":107043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,107045,107046,107058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107047,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107049,9363],{"class":66},[52,107051,440],{"class":70},[52,107053,74],{"class":66},[52,107055,82],{"class":70},[52,107057,9394],{"class":66},[52,107059,107060,107062,107064,107066,107068,107070],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107061,3395],{"class":62},[52,107063,3398],{"class":2184},[52,107065,3401],{"class":756},[52,107067,6372],{"class":760},[52,107069,3406],{"class":756},[52,107071,3409],{"class":62},[20,107073,85883],{},[153,107075,107076,107079],{},[156,107077,107078],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[156,107080,107081],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[38,107083,246],{"id":245},[20,107085,107086],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[43,107088,107090],{"className":45,"code":107089,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,107091,107092,107125,107158,107162,107183,107187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107093,107094,107097,107099,107101,107103,107105,107107,107109,107111,107113,107115,107117,107119,107121,107123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107095,107096],{"class":58},"colors1 ",[52,107098,63],{"class":62},[52,107100,10577],{"class":66},[52,107102,757],{"class":756},[52,107104,13182],{"class":760},[52,107106,757],{"class":756},[52,107108,74],{"class":66},[52,107110,768],{"class":756},[52,107112,13199],{"class":760},[52,107114,757],{"class":756},[52,107116,74],{"class":66},[52,107118,768],{"class":756},[52,107120,17549],{"class":760},[52,107122,757],{"class":756},[52,107124,9394],{"class":66},[52,107126,107127,107130,107132,107134,107136,107138,107140,107142,107144,107146,107148,107150,107152,107154,107156],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107128,107129],{"class":58},"colors2 ",[52,107131,63],{"class":62},[52,107133,10577],{"class":66},[52,107135,757],{"class":756},[52,107137,17549],{"class":760},[52,107139,757],{"class":756},[52,107141,74],{"class":66},[52,107143,768],{"class":756},[52,107145,22619],{"class":760},[52,107147,757],{"class":756},[52,107149,74],{"class":66},[52,107151,768],{"class":756},[52,107153,13199],{"class":760},[52,107155,757],{"class":756},[52,107157,9394],{"class":66},[52,107159,107160],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107161,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107163,107164,107167,107169,107172,107174,107176,107178,107181],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,107165,107166],{"class":58},"common_colors ",[52,107168,63],{"class":62},[52,107170,107171],{"class":58}," colors1",[52,107173,242],{"class":66},[52,107175,106714],{"class":108},[52,107177,105],{"class":66},[52,107179,107180],{"class":108},"colors2",[52,107182,112],{"class":66},[52,107184,107185],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,107186,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107188,107189,107191,107193,107196],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,107190,118],{"class":101},[52,107192,105],{"class":66},[52,107194,107195],{"class":108},"common_colors",[52,107197,112],{"class":66},[20,107199,311],{},[43,107201,107203],{"className":45,"code":107202,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,107204,107205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107206,107207,107209,107211,107213,107215,107217,107219,107221,107223],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107208,9363],{"class":66},[52,107210,3406],{"class":756},[52,107212,13199],{"class":760},[52,107214,3406],{"class":756},[52,107216,74],{"class":66},[52,107218,3401],{"class":756},[52,107220,17549],{"class":760},[52,107222,3406],{"class":756},[52,107224,9394],{"class":66},[20,107226,323],{},[153,107228,107229,107235,107239,107244],{},[156,107230,107231,107234],{},[15,107232,107233],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[156,107236,107237,107234],{},[15,107238,107180],{},[156,107240,107241,107243],{},[15,107242,102862],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[156,107245,107246,107247],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,107248,107195],{},[38,107250,1372,107252,101229],{"id":107251},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,107253,102862],{},[20,107255,107256,107257,242],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,107258,102862],{},[20,107260,107261,107262,107264],{},"Only the values found in ",[3842,107263,3815],{}," inputs will be kept.",[43,107266,107268],{"className":45,"code":107267,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107269,107270,107294,107318,107338,107342,107364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107271,107272,107274,107276,107278,107280,107282,107284,107286,107288,107290,107292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107273,2668],{"class":58},[52,107275,63],{"class":62},[52,107277,10577],{"class":66},[52,107279,71],{"class":70},[52,107281,74],{"class":66},[52,107283,77],{"class":70},[52,107285,74],{"class":66},[52,107287,82],{"class":70},[52,107289,74],{"class":66},[52,107291,87],{"class":70},[52,107293,9394],{"class":66},[52,107295,107296,107298,107300,107302,107304,107306,107308,107310,107312,107314,107316],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107297,2696],{"class":58},[52,107299,63],{"class":62},[52,107301,10577],{"class":66},[52,107303,440],{"class":70},[52,107305,74],{"class":66},[52,107307,82],{"class":70},[52,107309,74],{"class":66},[52,107311,87],{"class":70},[52,107313,74],{"class":66},[52,107315,4696],{"class":70},[52,107317,9394],{"class":66},[52,107319,107320,107322,107324,107326,107328,107330,107332,107334,107336],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107321,83257],{"class":58},[52,107323,63],{"class":62},[52,107325,10577],{"class":66},[52,107327,445],{"class":70},[52,107329,74],{"class":66},[52,107331,87],{"class":70},[52,107333,74],{"class":66},[52,107335,619],{"class":70},[52,107337,9394],{"class":66},[52,107339,107340],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,107341,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107343,107344,107346,107348,107350,107352,107354,107356,107358,107360,107362],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,107345,2347],{"class":58},[52,107347,63],{"class":62},[52,107349,56967],{"class":58},[52,107351,242],{"class":66},[52,107353,106714],{"class":108},[52,107355,105],{"class":66},[52,107357,4853],{"class":108},[52,107359,74],{"class":66},[52,107361,9767],{"class":108},[52,107363,112],{"class":66},[52,107365,107366,107368,107370,107372],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,107367,118],{"class":101},[52,107369,105],{"class":66},[52,107371,2382],{"class":108},[52,107373,112],{"class":66},[20,107375,311],{},[43,107377,107378],{"className":45,"code":106918,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,107379,107380],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107381,107382,107384,107386,107388,107390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107383,9363],{"class":66},[52,107385,445],{"class":70},[52,107387,74],{"class":66},[52,107389,87],{"class":70},[52,107391,9394],{"class":66},[20,107393,107394],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,107396,107397],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[43,107399,107401],{"className":45,"code":107400,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,107402,107403,107427,107431,107471],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107404,107405,107407,107409,107411,107413,107415,107417,107419,107421,107423,107425],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107406,2668],{"class":58},[52,107408,63],{"class":62},[52,107410,10577],{"class":66},[52,107412,71],{"class":70},[52,107414,74],{"class":66},[52,107416,77],{"class":70},[52,107418,74],{"class":66},[52,107420,82],{"class":70},[52,107422,74],{"class":66},[52,107424,87],{"class":70},[52,107426,9394],{"class":66},[52,107428,107429],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107430,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107432,107433,107435,107437,107439,107441,107443,107445,107447,107449,107451,107453,107455,107457,107459,107461,107463,107465,107467,107469],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107434,2347],{"class":58},[52,107436,63],{"class":62},[52,107438,56967],{"class":58},[52,107440,242],{"class":66},[52,107442,106714],{"class":108},[52,107444,1058],{"class":66},[52,107446,440],{"class":70},[52,107448,74],{"class":66},[52,107450,87],{"class":70},[52,107452,74],{"class":66},[52,107454,619],{"class":70},[52,107456,894],{"class":66},[52,107458,9321],{"class":66},[52,107460,71],{"class":70},[52,107462,74],{"class":66},[52,107464,77],{"class":70},[52,107466,74],{"class":66},[52,107468,87],{"class":70},[52,107470,510],{"class":66},[52,107472,107473,107475,107477,107479],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,107474,118],{"class":101},[52,107476,105],{"class":66},[52,107478,2382],{"class":108},[52,107480,112],{"class":66},[20,107482,311],{},[43,107484,107486],{"className":45,"code":107485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107487,107488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107489,107490,107492,107494,107496,107498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107491,9363],{"class":66},[52,107493,440],{"class":70},[52,107495,74],{"class":66},[52,107497,87],{"class":70},[52,107499,9394],{"class":66},[38,107501,107503,10672,107505],{"id":107502},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107504,102862],{},[15,107506,107507],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107509,101399],{},[461,107511,107512],{"id":106714},[15,107513,102862],{},[153,107515,107516,107518],{},[156,107517,101408],{},[156,107519,101411],{},[43,107521,107523],{"className":45,"code":107522,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107524,107525,107545,107565,107569,107587,107591,107601],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107526,107527,107529,107531,107533,107535,107537,107539,107541,107543],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107528,2668],{"class":58},[52,107530,63],{"class":62},[52,107532,10577],{"class":66},[52,107534,71],{"class":70},[52,107536,74],{"class":66},[52,107538,77],{"class":70},[52,107540,74],{"class":66},[52,107542,82],{"class":70},[52,107544,9394],{"class":66},[52,107546,107547,107549,107551,107553,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107548,2696],{"class":58},[52,107550,63],{"class":62},[52,107552,10577],{"class":66},[52,107554,440],{"class":70},[52,107556,74],{"class":66},[52,107558,82],{"class":70},[52,107560,74],{"class":66},[52,107562,87],{"class":70},[52,107564,9394],{"class":66},[52,107566,107567],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107568,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107570,107571,107573,107575,107577,107579,107581,107583,107585],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,107572,2347],{"class":58},[52,107574,63],{"class":62},[52,107576,56967],{"class":58},[52,107578,242],{"class":66},[52,107580,106714],{"class":108},[52,107582,105],{"class":66},[52,107584,4853],{"class":108},[52,107586,112],{"class":66},[52,107588,107589],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,107590,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107592,107593,107595,107597,107599],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,107594,118],{"class":101},[52,107596,105],{"class":66},[52,107598,236],{"class":108},[52,107600,112],{"class":66},[52,107602,107603,107605,107607,107609],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,107604,118],{"class":101},[52,107606,105],{"class":66},[52,107608,2382],{"class":108},[52,107610,112],{"class":66},[20,107612,311],{},[43,107614,107616],{"className":45,"code":107615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107617,107618,107634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107619,107620,107622,107624,107626,107628,107630,107632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107621,9363],{"class":66},[52,107623,71],{"class":70},[52,107625,74],{"class":66},[52,107627,77],{"class":70},[52,107629,74],{"class":66},[52,107631,82],{"class":70},[52,107633,9394],{"class":66},[52,107635,107636,107638,107640,107642,107644],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107637,9363],{"class":66},[52,107639,440],{"class":70},[52,107641,74],{"class":66},[52,107643,82],{"class":70},[52,107645,9394],{"class":66},[461,107647,107649],{"id":107648},"intersection_update",[15,107650,107507],{},[153,107652,107653,107655],{},[156,107654,101551],{},[156,107656,107657],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[43,107659,107661],{"className":45,"code":107660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107662,107663,107683,107703,107707,107721,107725],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107664,107665,107667,107669,107671,107673,107675,107677,107679,107681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107666,2668],{"class":58},[52,107668,63],{"class":62},[52,107670,10577],{"class":66},[52,107672,71],{"class":70},[52,107674,74],{"class":66},[52,107676,77],{"class":70},[52,107678,74],{"class":66},[52,107680,82],{"class":70},[52,107682,9394],{"class":66},[52,107684,107685,107687,107689,107691,107693,107695,107697,107699,107701],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107686,2696],{"class":58},[52,107688,63],{"class":62},[52,107690,10577],{"class":66},[52,107692,440],{"class":70},[52,107694,74],{"class":66},[52,107696,82],{"class":70},[52,107698,74],{"class":66},[52,107700,87],{"class":70},[52,107702,9394],{"class":66},[52,107704,107705],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107706,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107708,107709,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,107710,236],{"class":58},[52,107712,242],{"class":66},[52,107714,107648],{"class":108},[52,107716,105],{"class":66},[52,107718,4853],{"class":108},[52,107720,112],{"class":66},[52,107722,107723],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,107724,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107726,107727,107729,107731,107733],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,107728,118],{"class":101},[52,107730,105],{"class":66},[52,107732,236],{"class":108},[52,107734,112],{"class":66},[20,107736,311],{},[43,107738,107740],{"className":45,"code":107739,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107741,107742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107743,107744,107746,107748,107750,107752],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107745,9363],{"class":66},[52,107747,440],{"class":70},[52,107749,74],{"class":66},[52,107751,82],{"class":70},[52,107753,9394],{"class":66},[20,107755,107756,107757,107759],{},"Choose ",[15,107758,102862],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[38,107761,4610],{"id":4609},[20,107763,14824,107764,1772],{},[15,107765,102862],{},[153,107767,107768,107771,107774,107777],{},[156,107769,107770],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[156,107772,107773],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[156,107775,107776],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[156,107778,107779,107780],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107781,102862],{},[20,107783,107784],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[153,107786,107787,107792,107795,107808],{},[156,107788,1372,107789,107791],{},[15,107790,102862],{}," when order matters",[156,107793,107794],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[156,107796,37298,107797,8791,107799,1943,107804],{},[15,107798,102862],{},[236,107800,107802],{"href":107801},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107803,102870],{},[236,107805,107806],{"href":102911},[15,107807,100485],{},[156,107809,107810],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107812,30231],{},[43,107814,107816],{"className":45,"code":107815,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107817,107818,107828,107842,107860],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107819,107820,107822,107824,107826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107821,118],{"class":101},[52,107823,105],{"class":66},[52,107825,15758],{"class":108},[52,107827,112],{"class":66},[52,107829,107830,107832,107834,107836,107838,107840],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107831,118],{"class":101},[52,107833,105],{"class":66},[52,107835,1827],{"class":1184},[52,107837,105],{"class":66},[52,107839,2382],{"class":108},[52,107841,510],{"class":66},[52,107843,107844,107846,107848,107850,107852,107854,107856,107858],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107845,118],{"class":101},[52,107847,105],{"class":66},[52,107849,100656],{"class":108},[52,107851,242],{"class":66},[52,107853,106714],{"class":108},[52,107855,105],{"class":66},[52,107857,100665],{"class":108},[52,107859,510],{"class":66},[52,107861,107862,107864,107866,107868,107870,107872],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,107863,118],{"class":101},[52,107865,105],{"class":66},[52,107867,11250],{"class":101},[52,107869,105],{"class":66},[52,107871,2382],{"class":108},[52,107873,510],{"class":66},[20,107875,2324],{},[43,107877,107879],{"className":45,"code":107878,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107880,107881,107905,107925,107929,107947,107951,107961,107971,107985],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,107882,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,107884,59],{"class":58},[52,107886,63],{"class":62},[52,107888,10577],{"class":66},[52,107890,71],{"class":70},[52,107892,74],{"class":66},[52,107894,77],{"class":70},[52,107896,74],{"class":66},[52,107898,77],{"class":70},[52,107900,74],{"class":66},[52,107902,82],{"class":70},[52,107904,9394],{"class":66},[52,107906,107907,107909,107911,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921,107923],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,107908,43633],{"class":58},[52,107910,63],{"class":62},[52,107912,10577],{"class":66},[52,107914,440],{"class":70},[52,107916,74],{"class":66},[52,107918,82],{"class":70},[52,107920,74],{"class":66},[52,107922,87],{"class":70},[52,107924,9394],{"class":66},[52,107926,107927],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,107928,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107930,107931,107933,107935,107937,107939,107941,107943,107945],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,107932,2347],{"class":58},[52,107934,63],{"class":62},[52,107936,1686],{"class":58},[52,107938,242],{"class":66},[52,107940,106714],{"class":108},[52,107942,105],{"class":66},[52,107944,30838],{"class":108},[52,107946,112],{"class":66},[52,107948,107949],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,107950,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,107952,107953,107955,107957,107959],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,107954,118],{"class":101},[52,107956,105],{"class":66},[52,107958,109],{"class":108},[52,107960,112],{"class":66},[52,107962,107963,107965,107967,107969],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,107964,118],{"class":101},[52,107966,105],{"class":66},[52,107968,2382],{"class":108},[52,107970,112],{"class":66},[52,107972,107973,107975,107977,107979,107981,107983],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,107974,118],{"class":101},[52,107976,105],{"class":66},[52,107978,1827],{"class":1184},[52,107980,105],{"class":66},[52,107982,2382],{"class":108},[52,107984,510],{"class":66},[52,107986,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,107988,118],{"class":101},[52,107990,105],{"class":66},[52,107992,11250],{"class":101},[52,107994,105],{"class":66},[52,107996,2382],{"class":108},[52,107998,510],{"class":66},[20,108000,311],{},[43,108002,108004],{"className":45,"code":108003,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,108005,108006,108022,108034,108048],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108007,108008,108010,108012,108014,108016,108018,108020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108009,9363],{"class":66},[52,108011,71],{"class":70},[52,108013,74],{"class":66},[52,108015,77],{"class":70},[52,108017,74],{"class":66},[52,108019,82],{"class":70},[52,108021,9394],{"class":66},[52,108023,108024,108026,108028,108030,108032],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108025,9363],{"class":66},[52,108027,440],{"class":70},[52,108029,74],{"class":66},[52,108031,82],{"class":70},[52,108033,9394],{"class":66},[52,108035,108036,108038,108040,108042,108044,108046],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108037,3395],{"class":62},[52,108039,3398],{"class":2184},[52,108041,3401],{"class":756},[52,108043,6372],{"class":760},[52,108045,3406],{"class":756},[52,108047,3409],{"class":62},[52,108049,108050],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,108051,17149],{"class":70},[20,108053,108054,108055,108057],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,108056,440],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[38,108059,1919],{"id":1918},[461,108061,12792,108063,102810],{"id":108062},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,108064,102862],{},[20,108066,102813],{},[461,108068,1933,108070,108072],{"id":108069},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,108071,102862],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,108074,108075],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[461,108077,108079],{"id":108078},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,108081,108082],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[461,108084,108086],{"id":108085},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,108088,108089],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[43,108091,108092],{"className":45,"code":97529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,108093,108094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108095,108096,108098],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108097,6372],{"class":1184},[52,108099,8729],{"class":66},[38,108101,1986],{"id":1985},[153,108103,108104,108108,108115,108121],{},[156,108105,108106],{},[236,108107,96399],{"href":96398},[156,108109,108110],{},[236,108111,13,108112,10828],{"href":107801},[15,108113,108114],{},"set.union()",[156,108116,108117],{},[236,108118,13,108119,10828],{"href":102911},[15,108120,100490],{},[156,108122,108123],{},[236,108124,100415],{"href":105414},[2029,108126,108127],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":108129},[108130,108132,108133,108134,108135,108137,108142,108143,108151],{"id":106743,"depth":93,"text":108131},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":107251,"depth":93,"text":108136},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107502,"depth":93,"text":108138,"children":108139},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[108140,108141],{"id":106714,"depth":115,"text":102862},{"id":107648,"depth":115,"text":107507},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":108144},[108145,108147,108149,108150],{"id":108062,"depth":115,"text":108146},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":108069,"depth":115,"text":108148},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":108078,"depth":115,"text":108079},{"id":108085,"depth":115,"text":108086},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106636,"description":108152},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":108159,"title":108160,"body":108161,"description":109397,"extension":2083,"meta":109398,"navigation":296,"path":109399,"seo":109400,"stem":109401,"__hash__":109402},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":108162,"toc":109364},[108163,108168,108174,108183,108185,108260,108265,108280,108290,108295,108299,108312,108316,108318,108333,108335,108351,108353,108428,108432,108435,108437,108454,108459,108514,108519,108531,108535,108538,108639,108641,108682,108685,108689,108696,108698,108723,108726,108744,108751,108757,108760,108842,108849,108852,108932,108941,108944,108949,108953,108967,109016,109021,109025,109036,109085,109096,109101,109105,109117,109166,109177,109179,109183,109206,109208,109265,109267,109281,109283,109289,109295,109301,109310,109314,109321,109325,109333,109335,109361],[10,108164,96271,108166,11411],{"id":108165},"python-set-pop-method",[15,108167,12851],{},[20,108169,108170,108173],{},[15,108171,108172],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,108175,108176,108177,108179,108180,108182],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3842,108178,4722],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,108181,12851],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[38,108184,41],{"id":40},[43,108186,108188],{"className":45,"code":108187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,108189,108190,108222,108236,108240,108250],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108191,108192,108194,108196,108198,108200,108202,108204,108206,108208,108210,108212,108214,108216,108218,108220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108193,7863],{"class":58},[52,108195,63],{"class":62},[52,108197,10577],{"class":66},[52,108199,757],{"class":756},[52,108201,4171],{"class":760},[52,108203,757],{"class":756},[52,108205,74],{"class":66},[52,108207,768],{"class":756},[52,108209,4180],{"class":760},[52,108211,757],{"class":756},[52,108213,74],{"class":66},[52,108215,768],{"class":756},[52,108217,4189],{"class":760},[52,108219,757],{"class":756},[52,108221,9394],{"class":66},[52,108223,108224,108226,108228,108230,108232,108234],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108225,70008],{"class":58},[52,108227,63],{"class":62},[52,108229,6053],{"class":58},[52,108231,242],{"class":66},[52,108233,26336],{"class":108},[52,108235,8729],{"class":66},[52,108237,108238],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108239,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,108241,108242,108244,108246,108248],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,108243,118],{"class":101},[52,108245,105],{"class":66},[52,108247,70031],{"class":108},[52,108249,112],{"class":66},[52,108251,108252,108254,108256,108258],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,108253,118],{"class":101},[52,108255,105],{"class":66},[52,108257,7894],{"class":108},[52,108259,112],{"class":66},[20,108261,108262],{},[3842,108263,108264],{},"What this does:",[153,108266,108267,108272,108277],{},[156,108268,108269,108270],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,108271,7894],{},[156,108273,108274,108275],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,108276,70031],{},[156,108278,108279],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,108281,108282,89034,108284,108286,108287,108289],{},[3842,108283,83892],{},[15,108285,108172],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3842,108288,4722],{}," chosen by index.",[38,108291,140,108293,143],{"id":108292},"what-setpop-does",[15,108294,108172],{},[20,108296,108297,1772],{},[15,108298,108172],{},[153,108300,108301,108303,108306,108309],{},[156,108302,103113],{},[156,108304,108305],{},"Returns the removed item",[156,108307,108308],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[156,108310,108311],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,108313,96395,108314,242],{},[236,108315,96399],{"href":97570},[38,108317,181],{"id":180},[43,108319,108321],{"className":45,"code":108320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,108322,108323],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108324,108325,108327,108329,108331],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108326,15758],{"class":58},[52,108328,242],{"class":66},[52,108330,26336],{"class":108},[52,108332,8729],{"class":66},[20,108334,13141],{},[153,108336,108337,108343,108348],{},[156,108338,108339,108340],{},"The syntax is ",[15,108341,108342],{},"my_set.pop()",[156,108344,108345,108346],{},"It takes ",[3842,108347,28783],{},[156,108349,108350],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,108352,2324],{},[43,108354,108356],{"className":45,"code":108355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108357,108358,108390,108404,108408,108418],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108359,108360,108362,108364,108366,108368,108370,108372,108374,108376,108378,108380,108382,108384,108386,108388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108361,13165],{"class":58},[52,108363,63],{"class":62},[52,108365,10577],{"class":66},[52,108367,757],{"class":756},[52,108369,13182],{"class":760},[52,108371,757],{"class":756},[52,108373,74],{"class":66},[52,108375,768],{"class":756},[52,108377,13199],{"class":760},[52,108379,757],{"class":756},[52,108381,74],{"class":66},[52,108383,768],{"class":756},[52,108385,17549],{"class":760},[52,108387,757],{"class":756},[52,108389,9394],{"class":66},[52,108391,108392,108394,108396,108398,108400,108402],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108393,28633],{"class":58},[52,108395,63],{"class":62},[52,108397,13213],{"class":58},[52,108399,242],{"class":66},[52,108401,26336],{"class":108},[52,108403,8729],{"class":66},[52,108405,108406],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108407,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,108409,108410,108412,108414,108416],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,108411,118],{"class":101},[52,108413,105],{"class":66},[52,108415,23406],{"class":108},[52,108417,112],{"class":66},[52,108419,108420,108422,108424,108426],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,108421,118],{"class":101},[52,108423,105],{"class":66},[52,108425,17596],{"class":108},[52,108427,112],{"class":66},[38,108429,108431],{"id":108430},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,108433,108434],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,108436,2226],{},[153,108438,108439,108445,108448],{},[156,108440,108441,108442,108444],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,108443,12851],{}," removes",[156,108446,108447],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[156,108449,108450,108451,108453],{},"You should not use ",[15,108452,12851],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,108455,10547,108456,108458],{},[3842,108457,4722],{}," valid:",[43,108460,108462],{"className":45,"code":108461,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,108463,108464,108496],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108465,108466,108468,108470,108472,108474,108476,108478,108480,108482,108484,108486,108488,108490,108492,108494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108467,36333],{"class":58},[52,108469,63],{"class":62},[52,108471,10577],{"class":66},[52,108473,757],{"class":756},[52,108475,4171],{"class":760},[52,108477,757],{"class":756},[52,108479,74],{"class":66},[52,108481,768],{"class":756},[52,108483,4180],{"class":760},[52,108485,757],{"class":756},[52,108487,74],{"class":66},[52,108489,768],{"class":756},[52,108491,4189],{"class":760},[52,108493,757],{"class":756},[52,108495,9394],{"class":66},[52,108497,108498,108500,108502,108504,108506,108508,108510,108512],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108499,36385],{"class":58},[52,108501,242],{"class":66},[52,108503,26336],{"class":108},[52,108505,105],{"class":66},[52,108507,757],{"class":756},[52,108509,4171],{"class":760},[52,108511,757],{"class":756},[52,108513,112],{"class":66},[20,108515,39746,108516,108518],{},[15,108517,108172],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108520,108521,108522,1943,108526,242],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[236,108523,108524],{"href":98280},[15,108525,102939],{},[236,108527,108529],{"href":108528},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108530,102930],{},[38,108532,108534],{"id":108533},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108536,108537],{},"Here is a simple example:",[43,108539,108541],{"className":45,"code":108540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108542,108543,108577,108581,108597,108601,108620],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108544,108545,108548,108550,108552,108554,108556,108558,108560,108562,108564,108566,108568,108570,108573,108575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108546,108547],{"class":58},"animals ",[52,108549,63],{"class":62},[52,108551,10577],{"class":66},[52,108553,757],{"class":756},[52,108555,37141],{"class":760},[52,108557,757],{"class":756},[52,108559,74],{"class":66},[52,108561,768],{"class":756},[52,108563,58207],{"class":760},[52,108565,757],{"class":756},[52,108567,74],{"class":66},[52,108569,768],{"class":756},[52,108571,108572],{"class":760},"rabbit",[52,108574,757],{"class":756},[52,108576,9394],{"class":66},[52,108578,108579],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108580,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,108582,108583,108586,108588,108591,108593,108595],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108584,108585],{"class":58},"removed_animal ",[52,108587,63],{"class":62},[52,108589,108590],{"class":58}," animals",[52,108592,242],{"class":66},[52,108594,26336],{"class":108},[52,108596,8729],{"class":66},[52,108598,108599],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,108600,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,108602,108603,108605,108607,108609,108611,108613,108615,108618],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,108604,118],{"class":101},[52,108606,105],{"class":66},[52,108608,757],{"class":756},[52,108610,29051],{"class":760},[52,108612,757],{"class":756},[52,108614,74],{"class":66},[52,108616,108617],{"class":108}," removed_animal",[52,108619,112],{"class":66},[52,108621,108622,108624,108626,108628,108631,108633,108635,108637],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,108623,118],{"class":101},[52,108625,105],{"class":66},[52,108627,757],{"class":756},[52,108629,108630],{"class":760},"Updated set:",[52,108632,757],{"class":756},[52,108634,74],{"class":66},[52,108636,108590],{"class":108},[52,108638,112],{"class":66},[20,108640,30125],{},[43,108642,108644],{"className":45,"code":108643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108645,108646,108655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108647,108648,108650,108652],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108649,29093],{"class":58},[52,108651,1772],{"class":66},[52,108653,108654],{"class":58}," dog\n",[52,108656,108657,108660,108662,108664,108666,108668,108670,108672,108674,108676,108678,108680],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108658,108659],{"class":58},"Updated ",[52,108661,6372],{"class":1184},[52,108663,1772],{"class":66},[52,108665,10577],{"class":66},[52,108667,3406],{"class":756},[52,108669,37141],{"class":760},[52,108671,3406],{"class":756},[52,108673,74],{"class":66},[52,108675,3401],{"class":756},[52,108677,108572],{"class":760},[52,108679,3406],{"class":756},[52,108681,9394],{"class":66},[20,108683,108684],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[38,108686,108688],{"id":108687},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108690,29745,108691,108693,108694,242],{},[15,108692,12851],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108695,19781],{},[20,108697,2324],{},[43,108699,108701],{"className":45,"code":108700,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108702,108703,108713],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108704,108705,108707,108709,108711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108706,7863],{"class":58},[52,108708,63],{"class":62},[52,108710,15725],{"class":1184},[52,108712,8729],{"class":66},[52,108714,108715,108717,108719,108721],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108716,7894],{"class":58},[52,108718,242],{"class":66},[52,108720,26336],{"class":108},[52,108722,8729],{"class":66},[20,108724,108725],{},"This raises:",[43,108727,108729],{"className":45,"code":108728,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108730,108731],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108732,108733,108735,108737,108739,108742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108734,19781],{"class":1184},[52,108736,1772],{"class":66},[52,108738,3401],{"class":756},[52,108740,108741],{"class":760},"pop from an empty set",[52,108743,29795],{"class":756},[20,108745,108746,108747,108750],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[236,108748,108749],{"href":11162},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[461,108752,108754,108755],{"id":108753},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108756,12851],{},[20,108758,108759],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[43,108761,108763],{"className":45,"code":108762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108764,108765,108775,108779,108787,108802,108821,108827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108766,108767,108769,108771,108773],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108768,7863],{"class":58},[52,108770,63],{"class":62},[52,108772,15725],{"class":1184},[52,108774,8729],{"class":66},[52,108776,108777],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108778,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,108780,108781,108783,108785],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108782,7079],{"class":1195},[52,108784,6053],{"class":58},[52,108786,1689],{"class":66},[52,108788,108789,108792,108794,108796,108798,108800],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,108790,108791],{"class":58},"    removed ",[52,108793,63],{"class":62},[52,108795,6053],{"class":58},[52,108797,242],{"class":66},[52,108799,26336],{"class":108},[52,108801,8729],{"class":66},[52,108803,108804,108806,108808,108810,108812,108814,108816,108819],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,108805,8154],{"class":101},[52,108807,105],{"class":66},[52,108809,757],{"class":756},[52,108811,29051],{"class":760},[52,108813,757],{"class":756},[52,108815,74],{"class":66},[52,108817,108818],{"class":108}," removed",[52,108820,112],{"class":66},[52,108822,108823,108825],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,108824,27528],{"class":1195},[52,108826,1689],{"class":66},[52,108828,108829,108831,108833,108835,108838,108840],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,108830,8154],{"class":101},[52,108832,105],{"class":66},[52,108834,757],{"class":756},[52,108836,108837],{"class":760},"The set is empty.",[52,108839,757],{"class":756},[52,108841,112],{"class":66},[461,108843,133,108845,652,108847],{"id":108844},"use-try-and-except",[15,108846,29899],{},[15,108848,29930],{},[20,108850,108851],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[43,108853,108855],{"className":45,"code":108854,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108856,108857,108867,108871,108877,108891,108909,108917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108858,108859,108861,108863,108865],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108860,7863],{"class":58},[52,108862,63],{"class":62},[52,108864,15725],{"class":1184},[52,108866,8729],{"class":66},[52,108868,108869],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108870,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,108872,108873,108875],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,108874,29899],{"class":1195},[52,108876,1689],{"class":66},[52,108878,108879,108881,108883,108885,108887,108889],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,108880,108791],{"class":58},[52,108882,63],{"class":62},[52,108884,6053],{"class":58},[52,108886,242],{"class":66},[52,108888,26336],{"class":108},[52,108890,8729],{"class":66},[52,108892,108893,108895,108897,108899,108901,108903,108905,108907],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,108894,8154],{"class":101},[52,108896,105],{"class":66},[52,108898,757],{"class":756},[52,108900,29051],{"class":760},[52,108902,757],{"class":756},[52,108904,74],{"class":66},[52,108906,108818],{"class":108},[52,108908,112],{"class":66},[52,108910,108911,108913,108915],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,108912,29930],{"class":1195},[52,108914,29933],{"class":1184},[52,108916,1689],{"class":66},[52,108918,108919,108921,108923,108925,108928,108930],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,108920,8154],{"class":101},[52,108922,105],{"class":66},[52,108924,757],{"class":756},[52,108926,108927],{"class":760},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[52,108929,757],{"class":756},[52,108931,112],{"class":66},[38,108933,5054,108935,10672,108937,10672,108939],{"id":108934},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108936,12851],{},[15,108938,55609],{},[15,108940,102925],{},[20,108942,108943],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[461,108945,133,108947],{"id":108946},"use-pop",[15,108948,12851],{},[20,108950,133,108951,10688],{},[15,108952,12851],{},[153,108954,108955,108961,108964],{},[156,108956,108957,108958],{},"You want to remove ",[3842,108959,108960],{},"any one item",[156,108962,108963],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[156,108965,108966],{},"You want the removed item returned",[43,108968,108970],{"className":45,"code":108969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108971,108972,108992,109006],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,108973,108974,108976,108978,108980,108982,108984,108986,108988,108990],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,108975,59],{"class":58},[52,108977,63],{"class":62},[52,108979,10577],{"class":66},[52,108981,71],{"class":70},[52,108983,74],{"class":66},[52,108985,77],{"class":70},[52,108987,74],{"class":66},[52,108989,82],{"class":70},[52,108991,9394],{"class":66},[52,108993,108994,108996,108998,109000,109002,109004],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,108995,2563],{"class":58},[52,108997,63],{"class":62},[52,108999,1686],{"class":58},[52,109001,242],{"class":66},[52,109003,26336],{"class":108},[52,109005,8729],{"class":66},[52,109007,109008,109010,109012,109014],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109009,118],{"class":101},[52,109011,105],{"class":66},[52,109013,2588],{"class":108},[52,109015,112],{"class":66},[461,109017,133,109019],{"id":109018},"use-remove",[15,109020,55609],{},[20,109022,133,109023,10688],{},[15,109024,55609],{},[153,109026,109027,109033],{},[156,109028,109029,109030],{},"You want to delete a ",[3842,109031,109032],{},"specific item",[156,109034,109035],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[43,109037,109039],{"className":45,"code":109038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109040,109041,109061,109075],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109042,109043,109045,109047,109049,109051,109053,109055,109057,109059],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109044,59],{"class":58},[52,109046,63],{"class":62},[52,109048,10577],{"class":66},[52,109050,71],{"class":70},[52,109052,74],{"class":66},[52,109054,77],{"class":70},[52,109056,74],{"class":66},[52,109058,82],{"class":70},[52,109060,9394],{"class":66},[52,109062,109063,109065,109067,109069,109071,109073],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,109064,109],{"class":58},[52,109066,242],{"class":66},[52,109068,34892],{"class":108},[52,109070,105],{"class":66},[52,109072,440],{"class":70},[52,109074,112],{"class":66},[52,109076,109077,109079,109081,109083],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109078,118],{"class":101},[52,109080,105],{"class":66},[52,109082,109],{"class":108},[52,109084,112],{"class":66},[20,109086,109087,109088,109090,109091,109095],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,109089,55609],{}," raises an error. See the ",[236,109092,109093,10828],{"href":98280},[15,109094,102939],{}," for details.",[461,109097,133,109099],{"id":109098},"use-discard",[15,109100,102925],{},[20,109102,133,109103,10688],{},[15,109104,102925],{},[153,109106,109107,109111],{},[156,109108,109029,109109],{},[3842,109110,109032],{},[156,109112,109113,109114,109116],{},"You do ",[3842,109115,4722],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[43,109118,109120],{"className":45,"code":109119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,109121,109122,109142,109156],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109123,109124,109126,109128,109130,109132,109134,109136,109138,109140],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109125,59],{"class":58},[52,109127,63],{"class":62},[52,109129,10577],{"class":66},[52,109131,71],{"class":70},[52,109133,74],{"class":66},[52,109135,77],{"class":70},[52,109137,74],{"class":66},[52,109139,82],{"class":70},[52,109141,9394],{"class":66},[52,109143,109144,109146,109148,109150,109152,109154],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,109145,109],{"class":58},[52,109147,242],{"class":66},[52,109149,102992],{"class":108},[52,109151,105],{"class":66},[52,109153,265],{"class":70},[52,109155,112],{"class":66},[52,109157,109158,109160,109162,109164],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109159,118],{"class":101},[52,109161,105],{"class":66},[52,109163,109],{"class":108},[52,109165,112],{"class":66},[20,109167,109168,109169,109171,109172,109176],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,109170,265],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[236,109173,109174,10828],{"href":108528},[15,109175,102930],{}," for more examples.",[38,109178,1766],{"id":1765},[20,109180,71554,109181,1772],{},[15,109182,108172],{},[153,109184,109185,109191,109196,109201],{},[156,109186,109187,109188],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,109189,109190],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[156,109192,8538,109193,109195],{},[15,109194,12851],{}," to remove the first or last item",[156,109197,29745,109198,109200],{},[15,109199,12851],{}," on an empty set",[156,109202,1372,109203,109205],{},[15,109204,12851],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,109207,62371],{},[43,109209,109211],{"className":45,"code":109210,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,109212,109213,109223,109237,109251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109214,109215,109217,109219,109221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109216,118],{"class":101},[52,109218,105],{"class":66},[52,109220,15758],{"class":108},[52,109222,112],{"class":66},[52,109224,109225,109227,109229,109231,109233,109235],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,109226,118],{"class":101},[52,109228,105],{"class":66},[52,109230,11250],{"class":101},[52,109232,105],{"class":66},[52,109234,15758],{"class":108},[52,109236,510],{"class":66},[52,109238,109239,109241,109243,109245,109247,109249],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109240,118],{"class":101},[52,109242,105],{"class":66},[52,109244,1827],{"class":1184},[52,109246,105],{"class":66},[52,109248,15758],{"class":108},[52,109250,510],{"class":66},[52,109252,109253,109255,109257,109259,109261,109263],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,109254,28633],{"class":58},[52,109256,63],{"class":62},[52,109258,96995],{"class":58},[52,109260,242],{"class":66},[52,109262,26336],{"class":108},[52,109264,8729],{"class":66},[20,109266,26103],{},[153,109268,109269,109272,109275,109278],{},[156,109270,109271],{},"What values are in the set",[156,109273,109274],{},"Whether the set is empty",[156,109276,109277],{},"That the object is really a set",[156,109279,109280],{},"What value was actually removed",[38,109282,1919],{"id":1918},[461,109284,12792,109286,109288],{"id":109285},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,109287,108172],{}," remove the first item?",[20,109290,109291,109292,109294],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,109293,12851],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[461,109296,109298,109299,1963],{"id":109297},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,109300,108172],{},[20,109302,109303,109304,109306,109307,109309],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,109305,12851],{},", set ",[15,109308,12851],{}," does not accept an index.",[461,109311,109313],{"id":109312},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,109315,71723,109316,44714,109318,109320],{},[15,109317,19781],{},[15,109319,12851],{}," is called on an empty set.",[461,109322,109324],{"id":109323},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,109326,133,109327,1943,109329,11180,109331,242],{},[15,109328,55609],{},[15,109330,102925],{},[15,109332,12851],{},[38,109334,1986],{"id":1985},[153,109336,109337,109341,109347,109353,109357],{},[156,109338,109339],{},[236,109340,96399],{"href":97570},[156,109342,109343],{},[236,109344,96885,109345,10828],{"href":98280},[15,109346,55609],{},[156,109348,109349],{},[236,109350,96885,109351,10828],{"href":108528},[15,109352,102925],{},[156,109354,109355],{},[236,109356,11351],{"href":11162},[156,109358,109359],{},[236,109360,55595],{"href":55147},[2029,109362,109363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":109365},[109366,109367,109369,109370,109371,109372,109378,109387,109388,109396],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":108292,"depth":93,"text":109368},"What set.pop() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":108430,"depth":93,"text":108431},{"id":108533,"depth":93,"text":108534},{"id":108687,"depth":93,"text":108688,"children":109373},[109374,109376],{"id":108753,"depth":115,"text":109375},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108844,"depth":115,"text":109377},"Use try and except",{"id":108934,"depth":93,"text":109379,"children":109380},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[109381,109383,109385],{"id":108946,"depth":115,"text":109382},"Use pop()",{"id":109018,"depth":115,"text":109384},"Use remove()",{"id":109098,"depth":115,"text":109386},"Use discard()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":109389},[109390,109392,109394,109395],{"id":109285,"depth":115,"text":109391},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":109297,"depth":115,"text":109393},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":109312,"depth":115,"text":109313},{"id":109323,"depth":115,"text":109324},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":108160,"description":109397},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":109404,"title":109405,"body":109406,"description":110560,"extension":2083,"meta":110561,"navigation":296,"path":110562,"seo":110563,"stem":110564,"__hash__":110565},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":109407,"toc":110528},[109408,109413,109418,109427,109429,109494,109498,109522,109529,109534,109538,109553,109556,109558,109577,109591,109594,109642,109646,109662,109664,109737,109741,109766,109772,109780,109784,109791,109846,109851,109868,109874,109880,109885,109893,109900,109904,109912,109967,109969,109986,109990,109997,110062,110066,110099,110101,110113,110120,110122,110127,110134,110136,110205,110209,110217,110219,110283,110287,110292,110339,110344,110412,110420,110427,110430,110436,110441,110445,110447,110450,110452,110457,110462,110468,110473,110480,110488,110494,110497,110499,110525],[10,109409,96271,109411,11411],{"id":109410},"python-set-remove-method",[15,109412,55609],{},[20,109414,109415,109417],{},[15,109416,102939],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,109419,109420,109421,109424,109425,242],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3842,109422,109423],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,109426,19781],{},[38,109428,41],{"id":40},[43,109430,109432],{"className":45,"code":109431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,109433,109434,109466,109484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109435,109436,109438,109440,109442,109444,109446,109448,109450,109452,109454,109456,109458,109460,109462,109464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109437,13165],{"class":58},[52,109439,63],{"class":62},[52,109441,10577],{"class":66},[52,109443,757],{"class":756},[52,109445,13182],{"class":760},[52,109447,757],{"class":756},[52,109449,74],{"class":66},[52,109451,768],{"class":756},[52,109453,13199],{"class":760},[52,109455,757],{"class":756},[52,109457,74],{"class":66},[52,109459,768],{"class":756},[52,109461,17549],{"class":760},[52,109463,757],{"class":756},[52,109465,9394],{"class":66},[52,109467,109468,109470,109472,109474,109476,109478,109480,109482],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,109469,17596],{"class":58},[52,109471,242],{"class":66},[52,109473,34892],{"class":108},[52,109475,105],{"class":66},[52,109477,757],{"class":756},[52,109479,13199],{"class":760},[52,109481,757],{"class":756},[52,109483,112],{"class":66},[52,109485,109486,109488,109490,109492],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109487,118],{"class":101},[52,109489,105],{"class":66},[52,109491,17596],{"class":108},[52,109493,112],{"class":66},[20,109495,109496],{},[3842,109497,30125],{},[43,109499,109500],{"className":45,"code":103619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109501,109502],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109503,109504,109506,109508,109510,109512,109514,109516,109518,109520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109505,9363],{"class":66},[52,109507,3406],{"class":756},[52,109509,13182],{"class":760},[52,109511,3406],{"class":756},[52,109513,74],{"class":66},[52,109515,3401],{"class":756},[52,109517,17549],{"class":760},[52,109519,3406],{"class":756},[52,109521,9394],{"class":66},[20,109523,133,109524,109526,109527,242],{},[15,109525,55609],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109528,19781],{},[38,109530,140,109532,143],{"id":109531},"what-setremove-does",[15,109533,102939],{},[20,109535,109536,1772],{},[15,109537,102939],{},[153,109539,109540,109543,109545,109547],{},[156,109541,109542],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[156,109544,96386],{},[156,109546,96389],{},[156,109548,109549,109550,109552],{},"Raises ",[15,109551,19781],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109554,109555],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[38,109557,181],{"id":180},[43,109559,109561],{"className":45,"code":109560,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109562,109563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109564,109565,109567,109569,109571,109573,109575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109566,15758],{"class":58},[52,109568,242],{"class":66},[52,109570,34892],{"class":108},[52,109572,105],{"class":66},[52,109574,2588],{"class":108},[52,109576,112],{"class":66},[153,109578,109579,109583,109588],{},[156,109580,109581,103161],{},[15,109582,15758],{},[156,109584,109585,109587],{},[15,109586,2588],{}," is the item to remove",[156,109589,109590],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109592,109593],{},"Here is a small example:",[43,109595,109596],{"className":45,"code":109038,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109597,109598,109618,109632],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109599,109600,109602,109604,109606,109608,109610,109612,109614,109616],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109601,59],{"class":58},[52,109603,63],{"class":62},[52,109605,10577],{"class":66},[52,109607,71],{"class":70},[52,109609,74],{"class":66},[52,109611,77],{"class":70},[52,109613,74],{"class":66},[52,109615,82],{"class":70},[52,109617,9394],{"class":66},[52,109619,109620,109622,109624,109626,109628,109630],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,109621,109],{"class":58},[52,109623,242],{"class":66},[52,109625,34892],{"class":108},[52,109627,105],{"class":66},[52,109629,440],{"class":70},[52,109631,112],{"class":66},[52,109633,109634,109636,109638,109640],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109635,118],{"class":101},[52,109637,105],{"class":66},[52,109639,109],{"class":108},[52,109641,112],{"class":66},[20,109643,109644],{},[3842,109645,30125],{},[43,109647,109648],{"className":45,"code":101369,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,109649,109650],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109651,109652,109654,109656,109658,109660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109653,9363],{"class":66},[52,109655,71],{"class":70},[52,109657,74],{"class":66},[52,109659,82],{"class":70},[52,109661,9394],{"class":66},[38,109663,246],{"id":245},[43,109665,109667],{"className":45,"code":109666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109668,109669,109701,109705,109723,109727],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109670,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689,109691,109693,109695,109697,109699],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109672,36333],{"class":58},[52,109674,63],{"class":62},[52,109676,10577],{"class":66},[52,109678,757],{"class":756},[52,109680,4171],{"class":760},[52,109682,757],{"class":756},[52,109684,74],{"class":66},[52,109686,768],{"class":756},[52,109688,4180],{"class":760},[52,109690,757],{"class":756},[52,109692,74],{"class":66},[52,109694,768],{"class":756},[52,109696,33317],{"class":760},[52,109698,757],{"class":756},[52,109700,9394],{"class":66},[52,109702,109703],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,109704,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,109706,109707,109709,109711,109713,109715,109717,109719,109721],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,109708,36385],{"class":58},[52,109710,242],{"class":66},[52,109712,34892],{"class":108},[52,109714,105],{"class":66},[52,109716,757],{"class":756},[52,109718,4180],{"class":760},[52,109720,757],{"class":756},[52,109722,112],{"class":66},[52,109724,109725],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,109726,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,109728,109729,109731,109733,109735],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,109730,118],{"class":101},[52,109732,105],{"class":66},[52,109734,36385],{"class":108},[52,109736,112],{"class":66},[20,109738,109739],{},[3842,109740,30125],{},[43,109742,109744],{"className":45,"code":109743,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109745,109746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109747,109748,109750,109752,109754,109756,109758,109760,109762,109764],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109749,9363],{"class":66},[52,109751,3406],{"class":756},[52,109753,4171],{"class":760},[52,109755,3406],{"class":756},[52,109757,74],{"class":66},[52,109759,3401],{"class":756},[52,109761,33317],{"class":760},[52,109763,3406],{"class":756},[52,109765,9394],{"class":66},[20,109767,109768,109769,109771],{},"This removes ",[15,109770,65350],{}," from the set.",[20,109773,109774,109775,109777,109778,242],{},"A set does ",[3842,109776,4722],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[236,109779,96403],{"href":97954},[38,109781,109783],{"id":109782},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109785,109786,109787,52576,109789,242],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109788,55609],{},[15,109790,19781],{},[43,109792,109794],{"className":45,"code":109793,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109795,109796,109828],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109797,109798,109800,109802,109804,109806,109808,109810,109812,109814,109816,109818,109820,109822,109824,109826],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109799,13165],{"class":58},[52,109801,63],{"class":62},[52,109803,10577],{"class":66},[52,109805,757],{"class":756},[52,109807,13182],{"class":760},[52,109809,757],{"class":756},[52,109811,74],{"class":66},[52,109813,768],{"class":756},[52,109815,13199],{"class":760},[52,109817,757],{"class":756},[52,109819,74],{"class":66},[52,109821,768],{"class":756},[52,109823,17549],{"class":760},[52,109825,757],{"class":756},[52,109827,9394],{"class":66},[52,109829,109830,109832,109834,109836,109838,109840,109842,109844],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,109831,17596],{"class":58},[52,109833,242],{"class":66},[52,109835,34892],{"class":108},[52,109837,105],{"class":66},[52,109839,757],{"class":756},[52,109841,22619],{"class":760},[52,109843,757],{"class":756},[52,109845,112],{"class":66},[20,109847,109848],{},[3842,109849,109850],{},"Result:",[43,109852,109854],{"className":45,"code":109853,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109855,109856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109857,109858,109860,109862,109864,109866],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109859,19781],{"class":1184},[52,109861,1772],{"class":66},[52,109863,3401],{"class":756},[52,109865,22619],{"class":760},[52,109867,29795],{"class":756},[20,109869,22284,109870,109873],{},[15,109871,109872],{},"\"yellow\""," is not in the set.",[20,109875,109876,109877,109879],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109878,55609],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109881,109882,109883,242],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[236,109884,11351],{"href":11162},[38,109886,4290,109888,109890,109891],{"id":109887},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109889,55609],{}," is different from ",[15,109892,102925],{},[20,109894,109895,652,109897,109899],{},[15,109896,55609],{},[15,109898,102925],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[461,109901,109902],{"id":34892},[15,109903,55609],{},[153,109905,109906,109909],{},[156,109907,109908],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[156,109910,109911],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[43,109913,109915],{"className":45,"code":109914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109916,109917,109949],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109918,109919,109921,109923,109925,109927,109929,109931,109933,109935,109937,109939,109941,109943,109945,109947],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109920,1387],{"class":58},[52,109922,63],{"class":62},[52,109924,10577],{"class":66},[52,109926,757],{"class":756},[52,109928,236],{"class":760},[52,109930,757],{"class":756},[52,109932,74],{"class":66},[52,109934,768],{"class":756},[52,109936,4853],{"class":760},[52,109938,757],{"class":756},[52,109940,74],{"class":66},[52,109942,768],{"class":756},[52,109944,9825],{"class":760},[52,109946,757],{"class":756},[52,109948,9394],{"class":66},[52,109950,109951,109953,109955,109957,109959,109961,109963,109965],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,109952,1458],{"class":58},[52,109954,242],{"class":66},[52,109956,34892],{"class":108},[52,109958,105],{"class":66},[52,109960,757],{"class":756},[52,109962,18861],{"class":760},[52,109964,757],{"class":756},[52,109966,112],{"class":66},[20,109968,108725],{},[43,109970,109972],{"className":45,"code":109971,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109973,109974],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,109975,109976,109978,109980,109982,109984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,109977,19781],{"class":1184},[52,109979,1772],{"class":66},[52,109981,3401],{"class":756},[52,109983,18861],{"class":760},[52,109985,29795],{"class":756},[461,109987,109988],{"id":102992},[15,109989,102925],{},[153,109991,109992,109994],{},[156,109993,109908],{},[156,109995,109996],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[43,109998,110000],{"className":45,"code":109999,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,110001,110002,110034,110052],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110003,110004,110006,110008,110010,110012,110014,110016,110018,110020,110022,110024,110026,110028,110030,110032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110005,1387],{"class":58},[52,110007,63],{"class":62},[52,110009,10577],{"class":66},[52,110011,757],{"class":756},[52,110013,236],{"class":760},[52,110015,757],{"class":756},[52,110017,74],{"class":66},[52,110019,768],{"class":756},[52,110021,4853],{"class":760},[52,110023,757],{"class":756},[52,110025,74],{"class":66},[52,110027,768],{"class":756},[52,110029,9825],{"class":760},[52,110031,757],{"class":756},[52,110033,9394],{"class":66},[52,110035,110036,110038,110040,110042,110044,110046,110048,110050],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,110037,1458],{"class":58},[52,110039,242],{"class":66},[52,110041,102992],{"class":108},[52,110043,105],{"class":66},[52,110045,757],{"class":756},[52,110047,18861],{"class":760},[52,110049,757],{"class":756},[52,110051,112],{"class":66},[52,110053,110054,110056,110058,110060],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110055,118],{"class":101},[52,110057,105],{"class":66},[52,110059,1458],{"class":108},[52,110061,112],{"class":66},[20,110063,110064],{},[3842,110065,311],{},[43,110067,110069],{"className":45,"code":110068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,110070,110071],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110072,110073,110075,110077,110079,110081,110083,110085,110087,110089,110091,110093,110095,110097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110074,9363],{"class":66},[52,110076,3406],{"class":756},[52,110078,236],{"class":760},[52,110080,3406],{"class":756},[52,110082,74],{"class":66},[52,110084,3401],{"class":756},[52,110086,4853],{"class":760},[52,110088,3406],{"class":756},[52,110090,74],{"class":66},[52,110092,3401],{"class":756},[52,110094,9825],{"class":760},[52,110096,3406],{"class":756},[52,110098,9394],{"class":66},[20,110100,18788],{},[153,110102,110103,110108],{},[156,110104,110105,110107],{},[15,110106,55609],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[156,110109,110110,110112],{},[15,110111,102925],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,110114,110115,110116,242],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[236,110117,96885,110118,10828],{"href":108528},[15,110119,102925],{},[38,110121,4610],{"id":4609},[461,110123,8538,110125,97265],{"id":110124},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,110126,55609],{},[20,110128,110129,110131,110132,242],{},[15,110130,55609],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,110133,3878],{},[20,110135,16736],{},[43,110137,110139],{"className":45,"code":110138,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,110140,110141,110173,110195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110142,110143,110145,110147,110149,110151,110153,110155,110157,110159,110161,110163,110165,110167,110169,110171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110144,13165],{"class":58},[52,110146,63],{"class":62},[52,110148,10577],{"class":66},[52,110150,757],{"class":756},[52,110152,13182],{"class":760},[52,110154,757],{"class":756},[52,110156,74],{"class":66},[52,110158,768],{"class":756},[52,110160,13199],{"class":760},[52,110162,757],{"class":756},[52,110164,74],{"class":66},[52,110166,768],{"class":756},[52,110168,17549],{"class":760},[52,110170,757],{"class":756},[52,110172,9394],{"class":66},[52,110174,110175,110177,110179,110181,110183,110185,110187,110189,110191,110193],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,110176,13208],{"class":58},[52,110178,63],{"class":62},[52,110180,13213],{"class":58},[52,110182,242],{"class":66},[52,110184,34892],{"class":108},[52,110186,105],{"class":66},[52,110188,757],{"class":756},[52,110190,13199],{"class":760},[52,110192,757],{"class":756},[52,110194,112],{"class":66},[52,110196,110197,110199,110201,110203],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110198,118],{"class":101},[52,110200,105],{"class":66},[52,110202,13232],{"class":108},[52,110204,112],{"class":66},[20,110206,110207],{},[3842,110208,311],{},[43,110210,110211],{"className":45,"code":11895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110212,110213],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110214,110215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110216,11895],{"class":674},[20,110218,16748],{},[43,110220,110221],{"className":45,"code":109431,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110222,110223,110255,110273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110224,110225,110227,110229,110231,110233,110235,110237,110239,110241,110243,110245,110247,110249,110251,110253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110226,13165],{"class":58},[52,110228,63],{"class":62},[52,110230,10577],{"class":66},[52,110232,757],{"class":756},[52,110234,13182],{"class":760},[52,110236,757],{"class":756},[52,110238,74],{"class":66},[52,110240,768],{"class":756},[52,110242,13199],{"class":760},[52,110244,757],{"class":756},[52,110246,74],{"class":66},[52,110248,768],{"class":756},[52,110250,17549],{"class":760},[52,110252,757],{"class":756},[52,110254,9394],{"class":66},[52,110256,110257,110259,110261,110263,110265,110267,110269,110271],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,110258,17596],{"class":58},[52,110260,242],{"class":66},[52,110262,34892],{"class":108},[52,110264,105],{"class":66},[52,110266,757],{"class":756},[52,110268,13199],{"class":760},[52,110270,757],{"class":756},[52,110272,112],{"class":66},[52,110274,110275,110277,110279,110281],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110276,118],{"class":101},[52,110278,105],{"class":66},[52,110280,17596],{"class":108},[52,110282,112],{"class":66},[461,110284,110286],{"id":110285},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,110288,110289,110290,242],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,110291,19781],{},[43,110293,110295],{"className":45,"code":110294,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110296,110297,110321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110298,110299,110301,110303,110305,110307,110309,110311,110313,110315,110317,110319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110300,13165],{"class":58},[52,110302,63],{"class":62},[52,110304,10577],{"class":66},[52,110306,757],{"class":756},[52,110308,13182],{"class":760},[52,110310,757],{"class":756},[52,110312,74],{"class":66},[52,110314,768],{"class":756},[52,110316,13199],{"class":760},[52,110318,757],{"class":756},[52,110320,9394],{"class":66},[52,110322,110323,110325,110327,110329,110331,110333,110335,110337],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,110324,17596],{"class":58},[52,110326,242],{"class":66},[52,110328,34892],{"class":108},[52,110330,105],{"class":66},[52,110332,757],{"class":756},[52,110334,17549],{"class":760},[52,110336,757],{"class":756},[52,110338,112],{"class":66},[20,110340,110341,110342,1772],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,110343,1202],{},[43,110345,110347],{"className":45,"code":110346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,110348,110349,110373,110377,110393],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110350,110351,110353,110355,110357,110359,110361,110363,110365,110367,110369,110371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110352,13165],{"class":58},[52,110354,63],{"class":62},[52,110356,10577],{"class":66},[52,110358,757],{"class":756},[52,110360,13182],{"class":760},[52,110362,757],{"class":756},[52,110364,74],{"class":66},[52,110366,768],{"class":756},[52,110368,13199],{"class":760},[52,110370,757],{"class":756},[52,110372,9394],{"class":66},[52,110374,110375],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,110376,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,110378,110379,110381,110383,110385,110387,110389,110391],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110380,7079],{"class":1195},[52,110382,768],{"class":756},[52,110384,17549],{"class":760},[52,110386,757],{"class":756},[52,110388,21268],{"class":62},[52,110390,13213],{"class":58},[52,110392,1689],{"class":66},[52,110394,110395,110398,110400,110402,110404,110406,110408,110410],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,110396,110397],{"class":58},"    colors",[52,110399,242],{"class":66},[52,110401,34892],{"class":108},[52,110403,105],{"class":66},[52,110405,757],{"class":756},[52,110407,17549],{"class":760},[52,110409,757],{"class":756},[52,110411,112],{"class":66},[20,110413,110414,110415,110419],{},"Or use ",[236,110416,110417],{"href":108528},[15,110418,102925],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[461,110421,37298,110423,8791,110425],{"id":110422},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,110424,102939],{},[15,110426,55155],{},[20,110428,110429],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,110431,110432,110433,110435],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,110434,102939],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,110437,110438,110439,242],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[236,110440,99149],{"href":99148},[461,110442,110444],{"id":110443},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,110446,108434],{},[20,110448,110449],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[38,110451,1919],{"id":1918},[461,110453,12792,110455,97364],{"id":110454},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,110456,102939],{},[20,110458,110459,110460,242],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,110461,3878],{},[461,110463,30382,110465,110467],{"id":110464},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,110466,102939],{}," raise?",[20,110469,30388,110470,110472],{},[15,110471,19781],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[461,110474,21515,110476,1943,110478,1963],{"id":110475},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,110477,55609],{},[15,110479,102925],{},[20,110481,133,110482,110484,110485,110487],{},[15,110483,55609],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110486,102925],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[461,110489,1933,110491,110493],{"id":110490},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110492,102939],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110495,110496],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[38,110498,1986],{"id":1985},[153,110500,110501,110507,110513,110517,110521],{},[156,110502,110503],{},[236,110504,96885,110505,10828],{"href":108528},[15,110506,102925],{},[156,110508,110509],{},[236,110510,96885,110511,10828],{"href":98285},[15,110512,12851],{},[156,110514,110515],{},[236,110516,97409],{"href":97954},[156,110518,110519],{},[236,110520,100415],{"href":99148},[156,110522,110523],{},[236,110524,11351],{"href":11162},[2029,110526,110527],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":110529},[110530,110531,110533,110534,110535,110536,110541,110549,110559],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":109531,"depth":93,"text":110532},"What set.remove() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":109782,"depth":93,"text":109783},{"id":109887,"depth":93,"text":110537,"children":110538},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110539,110540],{"id":34892,"depth":115,"text":55609},{"id":102992,"depth":115,"text":102925},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":110542},[110543,110545,110546,110548],{"id":110124,"depth":115,"text":110544},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":110285,"depth":115,"text":110286},{"id":110422,"depth":115,"text":110547},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":110443,"depth":115,"text":110444},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":110550},[110551,110553,110555,110557],{"id":110454,"depth":115,"text":110552},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":110464,"depth":115,"text":110554},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":110475,"depth":115,"text":110556},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110490,"depth":115,"text":110558},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":109405,"description":110560},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110567,"title":110568,"body":110569,"description":111942,"extension":2083,"meta":111943,"navigation":296,"path":111944,"seo":111945,"stem":111946,"__hash__":111947},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110570,"toc":111917},[110571,110577,110583,110586,110589,110603,110605,110686,110689,110694,110698,110712,110719,110721,110740,110743,110761,110763,110843,110845,110870,110874,110877,110885,110890,110895,110897,110910,110915,110918,110942,110945,110953,110955,110958,111055,111057,111090,111092,111118,111125,111128,111132,111140,111144,111152,111154,111244,111246,111260,111267,111272,111277,111279,111370,111372,111384,111386,111400,111406,111414,111416,111498,111500,111545,111548,111556,111559,111561,111565,111608,111610,111630,111635,111637,111722,111724,111729,111731,111738,111746,111752,111755,111757,111843,111845,111869,111873,111876,111878,111905,111915],[10,110572,96271,110574,11411],{"id":110573},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110575,110576],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110578,110579,110582],{},[15,110580,110581],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110584,110585],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110587,110588],{},"Use it when:",[153,110590,110591,110594,110600],{},[156,110592,110593],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[156,110595,110596,110597,110599],{},"you do ",[3842,110598,4722],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[156,110601,110602],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[38,110604,3712],{"id":3711},[43,110606,110608],{"className":45,"code":110607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110609,110610,110630,110650,110654,110673],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110611,110612,110614,110616,110618,110620,110622,110624,110626,110628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110613,2668],{"class":58},[52,110615,63],{"class":62},[52,110617,10577],{"class":66},[52,110619,71],{"class":70},[52,110621,74],{"class":66},[52,110623,77],{"class":70},[52,110625,74],{"class":66},[52,110627,82],{"class":70},[52,110629,9394],{"class":66},[52,110631,110632,110634,110636,110638,110640,110642,110644,110646,110648],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,110633,2696],{"class":58},[52,110635,63],{"class":62},[52,110637,10577],{"class":66},[52,110639,445],{"class":70},[52,110641,74],{"class":66},[52,110643,87],{"class":70},[52,110645,74],{"class":66},[52,110647,4696],{"class":70},[52,110649,9394],{"class":66},[52,110651,110652],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110653,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,110655,110656,110658,110660,110662,110664,110667,110669,110671],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,110657,2347],{"class":58},[52,110659,63],{"class":62},[52,110661,56967],{"class":58},[52,110663,242],{"class":66},[52,110665,110666],{"class":108},"symmetric_difference",[52,110668,105],{"class":66},[52,110670,4853],{"class":108},[52,110672,112],{"class":66},[52,110674,110675,110677,110679,110681,110683],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,110676,118],{"class":101},[52,110678,105],{"class":66},[52,110680,2382],{"class":108},[52,110682,126],{"class":66},[52,110684,110685],{"class":129},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110687,110688],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[38,110690,140,110692,143],{"id":110691},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110693,110576],{},[20,110695,110696,1772],{},[15,110697,110581],{},[153,110699,110700,110703,110706,110709],{},[156,110701,110702],{},"returns a new set",[156,110704,110705],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[156,110707,110708],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[156,110710,110711],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110713,96395,110714,1943,110716,242],{},[236,110715,96399],{"href":96398},[236,110717,110718],{"href":96402},"creating a set in Python",[38,110720,181],{"id":180},[43,110722,110724],{"className":45,"code":110723,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110725,110726],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110727,110728,110730,110732,110734,110736,110738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110729,100656],{"class":58},[52,110731,242],{"class":66},[52,110733,110666],{"class":108},[52,110735,105],{"class":66},[52,110737,100665],{"class":108},[52,110739,112],{"class":66},[20,110741,110742],{},"Notes:",[153,110744,110745,110750,110755,110758],{},[156,110746,110747,110749],{},[15,110748,100656],{}," must be a set",[156,110751,110752,110754],{},[15,110753,100665],{}," can be any iterable",[156,110756,110757],{},"the result is always a set",[156,110759,110760],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110762,2324],{},[43,110764,110766],{"className":45,"code":110765,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110767,110768,110789,110810,110814,110833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110769,110770,110773,110775,110777,110779,110781,110783,110785,110787],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110771,110772],{"class":58},"set1 ",[52,110774,63],{"class":62},[52,110776,10577],{"class":66},[52,110778,71],{"class":70},[52,110780,74],{"class":66},[52,110782,77],{"class":70},[52,110784,74],{"class":66},[52,110786,82],{"class":70},[52,110788,9394],{"class":66},[52,110790,110791,110794,110796,110798,110800,110802,110804,110806,110808],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,110792,110793],{"class":58},"set2 ",[52,110795,63],{"class":62},[52,110797,10577],{"class":66},[52,110799,445],{"class":70},[52,110801,74],{"class":66},[52,110803,87],{"class":70},[52,110805,74],{"class":66},[52,110807,4696],{"class":70},[52,110809,9394],{"class":66},[52,110811,110812],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,110813,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,110815,110816,110818,110820,110823,110825,110827,110829,110831],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,110817,2347],{"class":58},[52,110819,63],{"class":62},[52,110821,110822],{"class":58}," set1",[52,110824,242],{"class":66},[52,110826,110666],{"class":108},[52,110828,105],{"class":66},[52,110830,100665],{"class":108},[52,110832,112],{"class":66},[52,110834,110835,110837,110839,110841],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,110836,118],{"class":101},[52,110838,105],{"class":66},[52,110840,2382],{"class":108},[52,110842,112],{"class":66},[20,110844,311],{},[43,110846,110848],{"className":45,"code":110847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110849,110850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110851,110852,110854,110856,110858,110860,110862,110864,110866,110868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110853,9363],{"class":66},[52,110855,71],{"class":70},[52,110857,74],{"class":66},[52,110859,77],{"class":70},[52,110861,74],{"class":66},[52,110863,87],{"class":70},[52,110865,74],{"class":66},[52,110867,4696],{"class":70},[52,110869,9394],{"class":66},[38,110871,110873],{"id":110872},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110875,110876],{},"The result includes:",[153,110878,110879,110882],{},[156,110880,110881],{},"items only in the first set",[156,110883,110884],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110886,110887,110888,11171],{},"The result does ",[3842,110889,4722],{},[153,110891,110892],{},[156,110893,110894],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110896,932],{},[153,110898,110899,110904],{},[156,110900,110901,110902],{},"first set: ",[15,110903,100353],{},[156,110905,110906,110907],{},"second set: ",[15,110908,110909],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110911,4142,110912,110914],{},[15,110913,445],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110916,110917],{},"The output is:",[43,110919,110920],{"className":45,"code":110847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,110921,110922],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110923,110924,110926,110928,110930,110932,110934,110936,110938,110940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110925,9363],{"class":66},[52,110927,71],{"class":70},[52,110929,74],{"class":66},[52,110931,77],{"class":70},[52,110933,74],{"class":66},[52,110935,87],{"class":70},[52,110937,74],{"class":66},[52,110939,4696],{"class":70},[52,110941,9394],{"class":66},[20,110943,110944],{},"Also remember:",[153,110946,110947,110950],{},[156,110948,110949],{},"sets are unordered",[156,110951,110952],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[38,110954,246],{"id":245},[20,110956,110957],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[43,110959,110961],{"className":45,"code":110960,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110962,110963,110995,111019,111023,111041,111045],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,110964,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977,110979,110981,110983,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,110966,107096],{"class":58},[52,110968,63],{"class":62},[52,110970,10577],{"class":66},[52,110972,757],{"class":756},[52,110974,13182],{"class":760},[52,110976,757],{"class":756},[52,110978,74],{"class":66},[52,110980,768],{"class":756},[52,110982,13199],{"class":760},[52,110984,757],{"class":756},[52,110986,74],{"class":66},[52,110988,768],{"class":756},[52,110990,17549],{"class":760},[52,110992,757],{"class":756},[52,110994,9394],{"class":66},[52,110996,110997,110999,111001,111003,111005,111007,111009,111011,111013,111015,111017],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,110998,107129],{"class":58},[52,111000,63],{"class":62},[52,111002,10577],{"class":66},[52,111004,757],{"class":756},[52,111006,17549],{"class":760},[52,111008,757],{"class":756},[52,111010,74],{"class":66},[52,111012,768],{"class":756},[52,111014,22619],{"class":760},[52,111016,757],{"class":756},[52,111018,9394],{"class":66},[52,111020,111021],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111022,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,111024,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,111026,2347],{"class":58},[52,111028,63],{"class":62},[52,111030,107171],{"class":58},[52,111032,242],{"class":66},[52,111034,110666],{"class":108},[52,111036,105],{"class":66},[52,111038,107180],{"class":108},[52,111040,112],{"class":66},[52,111042,111043],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,111044,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,111046,111047,111049,111051,111053],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,111048,118],{"class":101},[52,111050,105],{"class":66},[52,111052,2382],{"class":108},[52,111054,112],{"class":66},[20,111056,311],{},[43,111058,111060],{"className":45,"code":111059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,111061,111062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111063,111064,111066,111068,111070,111072,111074,111076,111078,111080,111082,111084,111086,111088],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111065,9363],{"class":66},[52,111067,3406],{"class":756},[52,111069,13182],{"class":760},[52,111071,3406],{"class":756},[52,111073,74],{"class":66},[52,111075,3401],{"class":756},[52,111077,13199],{"class":760},[52,111079,3406],{"class":756},[52,111081,74],{"class":66},[52,111083,3401],{"class":756},[52,111085,22619],{"class":760},[52,111087,3406],{"class":756},[52,111089,9394],{"class":66},[20,111091,13499],{},[153,111093,111094,111099,111110],{},[156,111095,111096,111098],{},[15,111097,96564],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[156,111100,111101,652,111103,111106,111107,111109],{},[15,111102,65468],{},[15,111104,111105],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,111108,107233],{},", so they stay",[156,111111,111112,111114,111115,111117],{},[15,111113,109872],{}," is only in ",[15,111116,107180],{},", so it stays",[38,111119,111121,10672,111123],{"id":111120},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,111122,110576],{},[15,111124,100485],{},[20,111126,111127],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,111129,111130,1772],{},[15,111131,100485],{},[153,111133,111134,111137],{},[156,111135,111136],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[156,111138,111139],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,111141,111142,1772],{},[15,111143,110576],{},[153,111145,111146,111149],{},[156,111147,111148],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[156,111150,111151],{},"removes shared items",[20,111153,2324],{},[43,111155,111157],{"className":45,"code":111156,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111158,111159,111179,111199,111203,111224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111160,111161,111163,111165,111167,111169,111171,111173,111175,111177],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111162,2668],{"class":58},[52,111164,63],{"class":62},[52,111166,10577],{"class":66},[52,111168,71],{"class":70},[52,111170,74],{"class":66},[52,111172,77],{"class":70},[52,111174,74],{"class":66},[52,111176,82],{"class":70},[52,111178,9394],{"class":66},[52,111180,111181,111183,111185,111187,111189,111191,111193,111195,111197],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,111182,2696],{"class":58},[52,111184,63],{"class":62},[52,111186,10577],{"class":66},[52,111188,445],{"class":70},[52,111190,74],{"class":66},[52,111192,87],{"class":70},[52,111194,74],{"class":66},[52,111196,4696],{"class":70},[52,111198,9394],{"class":66},[52,111200,111201],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111202,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,111204,111205,111207,111209,111211,111213,111215,111217,111219,111221],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,111206,118],{"class":101},[52,111208,105],{"class":66},[52,111210,236],{"class":108},[52,111212,242],{"class":66},[52,111214,2925],{"class":108},[52,111216,105],{"class":66},[52,111218,4853],{"class":108},[52,111220,5450],{"class":66},[52,111222,111223],{"class":129},"            # {1, 2}\n",[52,111225,111226,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238,111240,111242],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,111227,118],{"class":101},[52,111229,105],{"class":66},[52,111231,236],{"class":108},[52,111233,242],{"class":66},[52,111235,110666],{"class":108},[52,111237,105],{"class":66},[52,111239,4853],{"class":108},[52,111241,5450],{"class":66},[52,111243,110685],{"class":129},[20,111245,18788],{},[153,111247,111248,111255],{},[156,111249,111250,111254],{},[236,111251,111252],{"href":102911},[15,111253,100485],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[156,111256,111257,111259],{},[15,111258,110576],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[38,111261,111263,10672,111265],{"id":111262},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,111264,110576],{},[15,111266,102870],{},[20,111268,111269,111271],{},[15,111270,102870],{}," combines both sets.",[20,111273,111274,111276],{},[15,111275,110576],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,111278,2324],{},[43,111280,111282],{"className":45,"code":111281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111283,111284,111304,111324,111328,111350],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111285,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298,111300,111302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111287,2668],{"class":58},[52,111289,63],{"class":62},[52,111291,10577],{"class":66},[52,111293,71],{"class":70},[52,111295,74],{"class":66},[52,111297,77],{"class":70},[52,111299,74],{"class":66},[52,111301,82],{"class":70},[52,111303,9394],{"class":66},[52,111305,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318,111320,111322],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,111307,2696],{"class":58},[52,111309,63],{"class":62},[52,111311,10577],{"class":66},[52,111313,445],{"class":70},[52,111315,74],{"class":66},[52,111317,87],{"class":70},[52,111319,74],{"class":66},[52,111321,4696],{"class":70},[52,111323,9394],{"class":66},[52,111325,111326],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111327,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,111329,111330,111332,111334,111336,111338,111341,111343,111345,111347],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,111331,118],{"class":101},[52,111333,105],{"class":66},[52,111335,236],{"class":108},[52,111337,242],{"class":66},[52,111339,111340],{"class":108},"union",[52,111342,105],{"class":66},[52,111344,4853],{"class":108},[52,111346,5450],{"class":66},[52,111348,111349],{"class":129},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[52,111351,111352,111354,111356,111358,111360,111362,111364,111366,111368],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,111353,118],{"class":101},[52,111355,105],{"class":66},[52,111357,236],{"class":108},[52,111359,242],{"class":66},[52,111361,110666],{"class":108},[52,111363,105],{"class":66},[52,111365,4853],{"class":108},[52,111367,5450],{"class":66},[52,111369,110685],{"class":129},[20,111371,27315],{},[153,111373,111374,111379],{},[156,111375,111376,111378],{},[15,111377,102870],{}," includes everything",[156,111380,111381,111383],{},[15,111382,110576],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,111385,18788],{},[153,111387,111388,111395],{},[156,111389,111390,111394],{},[236,111391,111392],{"href":107801},[15,111393,102870],{}," when overlap does not matter",[156,111396,111397,111399],{},[15,111398,110576],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[38,111401,345,111403,101669],{"id":111402},"using-the-operator",[15,111404,111405],{},"^",[20,111407,111408,111409,111411,111412,242],{},"For sets, the ",[15,111410,111405],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,111413,110576],{},[20,111415,2324],{},[43,111417,111419],{"className":45,"code":111418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,111420,111421,111441,111461,111465,111483],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111422,111423,111425,111427,111429,111431,111433,111435,111437,111439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111424,110772],{"class":58},[52,111426,63],{"class":62},[52,111428,10577],{"class":66},[52,111430,71],{"class":70},[52,111432,74],{"class":66},[52,111434,77],{"class":70},[52,111436,74],{"class":66},[52,111438,82],{"class":70},[52,111440,9394],{"class":66},[52,111442,111443,111445,111447,111449,111451,111453,111455,111457,111459],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,111444,110793],{"class":58},[52,111446,63],{"class":62},[52,111448,10577],{"class":66},[52,111450,445],{"class":70},[52,111452,74],{"class":66},[52,111454,87],{"class":70},[52,111456,74],{"class":66},[52,111458,4696],{"class":70},[52,111460,9394],{"class":66},[52,111462,111463],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111464,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,111466,111467,111469,111471,111473,111475,111477,111479,111481],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,111468,118],{"class":101},[52,111470,105],{"class":66},[52,111472,100656],{"class":108},[52,111474,242],{"class":66},[52,111476,110666],{"class":108},[52,111478,105],{"class":66},[52,111480,100665],{"class":108},[52,111482,510],{"class":66},[52,111484,111485,111487,111489,111491,111493,111496],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,111486,118],{"class":101},[52,111488,105],{"class":66},[52,111490,110772],{"class":108},[52,111492,111405],{"class":62},[52,111494,111495],{"class":108}," set2",[52,111497,112],{"class":66},[20,111499,30125],{},[43,111501,111503],{"className":45,"code":111502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111504,111505,111525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111506,111507,111509,111511,111513,111515,111517,111519,111521,111523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111508,9363],{"class":66},[52,111510,71],{"class":70},[52,111512,74],{"class":66},[52,111514,77],{"class":70},[52,111516,74],{"class":66},[52,111518,87],{"class":70},[52,111520,74],{"class":66},[52,111522,4696],{"class":70},[52,111524,9394],{"class":66},[52,111526,111527,111529,111531,111533,111535,111537,111539,111541,111543],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,111528,9363],{"class":66},[52,111530,71],{"class":70},[52,111532,74],{"class":66},[52,111534,77],{"class":70},[52,111536,74],{"class":66},[52,111538,87],{"class":70},[52,111540,74],{"class":66},[52,111542,4696],{"class":70},[52,111544,9394],{"class":66},[20,111546,111547],{},"Both forms:",[153,111549,111550,111553],{},[156,111551,111552],{},"return a new set",[156,111554,111555],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111557,111558],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[38,111560,4610],{"id":4609},[20,111562,21306,111563,1772],{},[15,111564,110576],{},[153,111566,111567,111575,111585,111600],{},[156,111568,111569,111572,111574],{},[3842,111570,111571],{},"Expecting sorted output",[9932,111573],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[156,111576,111577,111580,111582,111584],{},[3842,111578,111579],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[9932,111581],{},[15,111583,110576],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[156,111586,111587,111592,111594,111596,111597,111599],{},[3842,111588,111589,111590],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111591,100485],{},[9932,111593],{},[15,111595,100485],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111598,110576],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[156,111601,111602,111605,111607],{},[3842,111603,111604],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[9932,111606],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111609,58942],{},[153,111611,111612,111621,111624,111627],{},[156,111613,50575,111614,44714,111616,111620],{},[15,111615,110576],{},[236,111617,111618],{"href":107801},[15,111619,102870],{}," is actually needed",[156,111622,111623],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[156,111625,111626],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[156,111628,111629],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111631,111632,111633,242],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[236,111634,99149],{"href":105414},[20,111636,62371],{},[43,111638,111640],{"className":45,"code":111639,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111641,111642,111652,111662,111680,111694,111708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111643,111644,111646,111648,111650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111645,118],{"class":101},[52,111647,105],{"class":66},[52,111649,100656],{"class":108},[52,111651,112],{"class":66},[52,111653,111654,111656,111658,111660],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,111655,118],{"class":101},[52,111657,105],{"class":66},[52,111659,100665],{"class":108},[52,111661,112],{"class":66},[52,111663,111664,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111665,118],{"class":101},[52,111667,105],{"class":66},[52,111669,100656],{"class":108},[52,111671,242],{"class":66},[52,111673,110666],{"class":108},[52,111675,105],{"class":66},[52,111677,100665],{"class":108},[52,111679,510],{"class":66},[52,111681,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,111683,118],{"class":101},[52,111685,105],{"class":66},[52,111687,110772],{"class":108},[52,111689,111405],{"class":62},[52,111691,111495],{"class":108},[52,111693,112],{"class":66},[52,111695,111696,111698,111700,111702,111704,111706],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,111697,118],{"class":101},[52,111699,105],{"class":66},[52,111701,1827],{"class":1184},[52,111703,105],{"class":66},[52,111705,100656],{"class":108},[52,111707,510],{"class":66},[52,111709,111710,111712,111714,111716,111718,111720],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,111711,118],{"class":101},[52,111713,105],{"class":66},[52,111715,1827],{"class":1184},[52,111717,105],{"class":66},[52,111719,100665],{"class":108},[52,111721,510],{"class":66},[38,111723,1919],{"id":1918},[461,111725,12792,111727,102810],{"id":111726},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111728,110576],{},[20,111730,102813],{},[461,111732,5270,111734,652,111736,1963],{"id":111733},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111735,110576],{},[15,111737,100485],{},[20,111739,111740,111742,111743,111745],{},[15,111741,100485],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111744,110576],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[461,111747,28423,111749,111751],{"id":111748},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111750,110576],{}," with lists?",[20,111753,111754],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111756,2324],{},[43,111758,111760],{"className":45,"code":111759,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111761,111762,111782,111802,111806,111833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111763,111764,111766,111768,111770,111772,111774,111776,111778,111780],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111765,80731],{"class":58},[52,111767,63],{"class":62},[52,111769,67],{"class":66},[52,111771,71],{"class":70},[52,111773,74],{"class":66},[52,111775,77],{"class":70},[52,111777,74],{"class":66},[52,111779,82],{"class":70},[52,111781,90],{"class":66},[52,111783,111784,111786,111788,111790,111792,111794,111796,111798,111800],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,111785,80752],{"class":58},[52,111787,63],{"class":62},[52,111789,67],{"class":66},[52,111791,445],{"class":70},[52,111793,74],{"class":66},[52,111795,87],{"class":70},[52,111797,74],{"class":66},[52,111799,4696],{"class":70},[52,111801,90],{"class":66},[52,111803,111804],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,111805,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,111807,111808,111810,111812,111814,111816,111819,111821,111823,111825,111827,111829,111831],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,111809,2347],{"class":58},[52,111811,63],{"class":62},[52,111813,15725],{"class":1184},[52,111815,105],{"class":66},[52,111817,111818],{"class":108},"list1",[52,111820,8717],{"class":66},[52,111822,110666],{"class":108},[52,111824,105],{"class":66},[52,111826,6372],{"class":1184},[52,111828,105],{"class":66},[52,111830,81018],{"class":108},[52,111832,510],{"class":66},[52,111834,111835,111837,111839,111841],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,111836,118],{"class":101},[52,111838,105],{"class":66},[52,111840,2382],{"class":108},[52,111842,112],{"class":66},[20,111844,311],{},[43,111846,111847],{"className":45,"code":110847,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,111848,111849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111850,111851,111853,111855,111857,111859,111861,111863,111865,111867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111852,9363],{"class":66},[52,111854,71],{"class":70},[52,111856,74],{"class":66},[52,111858,77],{"class":70},[52,111860,74],{"class":66},[52,111862,87],{"class":70},[52,111864,74],{"class":66},[52,111866,4696],{"class":70},[52,111868,9394],{"class":66},[461,111870,111872],{"id":111871},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111874,111875],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[38,111877,1986],{"id":1985},[153,111879,111880,111884,111889,111895,111901],{},[156,111881,111882],{},[236,111883,96399],{"href":96398},[156,111885,111886],{},[236,111887,111888],{"href":96402},"Creating a set in Python",[156,111890,111891],{},[236,111892,96885,111893,10828],{"href":102911},[15,111894,100485],{},[156,111896,111897],{},[236,111898,96885,111899,10828],{"href":107801},[15,111900,102870],{},[156,111902,111903],{},[236,111904,100415],{"href":105414},[20,111906,111907,111908,2305,111910,17165,111912,111914],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111909,100485],{},[15,111911,102870],{},[15,111913,110576],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[2029,111916,57321],{},{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":111918},[111919,111920,111922,111923,111924,111925,111927,111929,111931,111932,111941],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":110691,"depth":93,"text":111921},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":110872,"depth":93,"text":110873},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":111120,"depth":93,"text":111926},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":111262,"depth":93,"text":111928},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":111402,"depth":93,"text":111930},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":111933},[111934,111936,111938,111940],{"id":111726,"depth":115,"text":111935},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111733,"depth":115,"text":111937},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111748,"depth":115,"text":111939},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111871,"depth":115,"text":111872},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110568,"description":111942},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111949,"title":111950,"body":111951,"description":114013,"extension":2083,"meta":114014,"navigation":296,"path":107801,"seo":114015,"stem":114016,"__hash__":114017},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111952,"toc":113972},[111953,111958,111963,111966,111979,111981,112063,112068,112073,112077,112089,112092,112096,112098,112125,112127,112138,112141,112210,112212,112218,112221,112231,112233,112322,112327,112329,112336,112339,112341,112344,112464,112466,112535,112538,112555,112560,112563,112679,112681,112710,112713,112719,112724,112728,112809,112811,112839,112844,112848,112943,112945,112986,112990,112993,113060,113062,113103,113109,113124,113131,113138,113142,113148,113234,113238,113246,113317,113322,113329,113331,113337,113339,113404,113406,113422,113427,113430,113499,113503,113506,113565,113568,113572,113625,113637,113640,113693,113697,113699,113730,113733,113738,113791,113795,113798,113819,113831,113833,113886,113888,113893,113895,113901,113904,113910,113915,113919,113922,113930,113939,113941,113969],[10,111954,13,111956,11411],{"id":111955},"python-setunion-method",[15,111957,108114],{},[20,111959,111960,111962],{},[15,111961,108114],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111964,111965],{},"It is useful when you want:",[153,111967,111968,111971,111976],{},[156,111969,111970],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[156,111972,2668,111973,111975],{},[3842,111974,100840],{}," as the result",[156,111977,111978],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[38,111980,41],{"id":40},[43,111982,111984],{"className":45,"code":111983,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111985,111986,112006,112026,112030,112048,112058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,111987,111988,111990,111992,111994,111996,111998,112000,112002,112004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,111989,110772],{"class":58},[52,111991,63],{"class":62},[52,111993,10577],{"class":66},[52,111995,71],{"class":70},[52,111997,74],{"class":66},[52,111999,77],{"class":70},[52,112001,74],{"class":66},[52,112003,82],{"class":70},[52,112005,9394],{"class":66},[52,112007,112008,112010,112012,112014,112016,112018,112020,112022,112024],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,112009,110793],{"class":58},[52,112011,63],{"class":62},[52,112013,10577],{"class":66},[52,112015,445],{"class":70},[52,112017,74],{"class":66},[52,112019,87],{"class":70},[52,112021,74],{"class":66},[52,112023,4696],{"class":70},[52,112025,9394],{"class":66},[52,112027,112028],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112029,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112031,112032,112034,112036,112038,112040,112042,112044,112046],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,112033,2347],{"class":58},[52,112035,63],{"class":62},[52,112037,110822],{"class":58},[52,112039,242],{"class":66},[52,112041,111340],{"class":108},[52,112043,105],{"class":66},[52,112045,100665],{"class":108},[52,112047,112],{"class":66},[52,112049,112050,112052,112054,112056],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,112051,118],{"class":101},[52,112053,105],{"class":66},[52,112055,2382],{"class":108},[52,112057,112],{"class":66},[52,112059,112060],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,112061,112062],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,112064,112065,112067],{},[15,112066,102870],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[38,112069,140,112071,143],{"id":112070},"what-setunion-does",[15,112072,108114],{},[20,112074,112075,1772],{},[15,112076,108114],{},[153,112078,112079,112082,112085,112087],{},[156,112080,112081],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[156,112083,112084],{},"keeps only unique values",[156,112086,110702],{},[156,112088,110711],{},[20,112090,112091],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,112093,96395,112094,242],{},[236,112095,96399],{"href":97570},[38,112097,181],{"id":180},[43,112099,112101],{"className":45,"code":112100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,112102,112103],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112104,112105,112107,112109,112111,112113,112115,112117,112119,112121,112123],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112106,100656],{"class":58},[52,112108,242],{"class":66},[52,112110,111340],{"class":108},[52,112112,105],{"class":66},[52,112114,100665],{"class":108},[52,112116,74],{"class":66},[52,112118,100692],{"class":108},[52,112120,74],{"class":66},[52,112122,34551],{"class":101},[52,112124,112],{"class":66},[20,112126,13141],{},[153,112128,112129,112132,112135],{},[156,112130,112131],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[156,112133,112134],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[156,112136,112137],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,112139,112140],{},"Example with two sets:",[43,112142,112144],{"className":45,"code":112143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112145,112146,112162,112178,112182,112200],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112147,112148,112150,112152,112154,112156,112158,112160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112149,2668],{"class":58},[52,112151,63],{"class":62},[52,112153,10577],{"class":66},[52,112155,71],{"class":70},[52,112157,74],{"class":66},[52,112159,77],{"class":70},[52,112161,9394],{"class":66},[52,112163,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,112165,2696],{"class":58},[52,112167,63],{"class":62},[52,112169,10577],{"class":66},[52,112171,440],{"class":70},[52,112173,74],{"class":66},[52,112175,82],{"class":70},[52,112177,9394],{"class":66},[52,112179,112180],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112181,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112183,112184,112186,112188,112190,112192,112194,112196,112198],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,112185,2347],{"class":58},[52,112187,63],{"class":62},[52,112189,56967],{"class":58},[52,112191,242],{"class":66},[52,112193,111340],{"class":108},[52,112195,105],{"class":66},[52,112197,4853],{"class":108},[52,112199,112],{"class":66},[52,112201,112202,112204,112206,112208],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,112203,118],{"class":101},[52,112205,105],{"class":66},[52,112207,2382],{"class":108},[52,112209,112],{"class":66},[38,112211,22065],{"id":22064},[20,112213,112214,100837,112216,242],{},[15,112215,108114],{},[3842,112217,100840],{},[20,112219,112220],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[153,112222,112223,112226],{},[156,112224,112225],{},"the original set",[156,112227,112228,112229],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,112230,102870],{},[20,112232,2324],{},[43,112234,112236],{"className":45,"code":112235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,112237,112238,112254,112270,112274,112292,112296,112309],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112239,112240,112242,112244,112246,112248,112250,112252],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112241,2668],{"class":58},[52,112243,63],{"class":62},[52,112245,10577],{"class":66},[52,112247,71],{"class":70},[52,112249,74],{"class":66},[52,112251,77],{"class":70},[52,112253,9394],{"class":66},[52,112255,112256,112258,112260,112262,112264,112266,112268],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,112257,2696],{"class":58},[52,112259,63],{"class":62},[52,112261,10577],{"class":66},[52,112263,440],{"class":70},[52,112265,74],{"class":66},[52,112267,82],{"class":70},[52,112269,9394],{"class":66},[52,112271,112272],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112273,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112275,112276,112278,112280,112282,112284,112286,112288,112290],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,112277,2347],{"class":58},[52,112279,63],{"class":62},[52,112281,56967],{"class":58},[52,112283,242],{"class":66},[52,112285,111340],{"class":108},[52,112287,105],{"class":66},[52,112289,4853],{"class":108},[52,112291,112],{"class":66},[52,112293,112294],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,112295,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112297,112298,112300,112302,112304,112306],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,112299,118],{"class":101},[52,112301,105],{"class":66},[52,112303,2382],{"class":108},[52,112305,126],{"class":66},[52,112307,112308],{"class":129},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[52,112310,112311,112313,112315,112317,112319],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,112312,118],{"class":101},[52,112314,105],{"class":66},[52,112316,236],{"class":108},[52,112318,126],{"class":66},[52,112320,112321],{"class":129},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,112323,2404,112324,112326],{},[15,112325,236],{}," did not change.",[20,112328,110944],{},[153,112330,112331,112333],{},[156,112332,110949],{},[156,112334,112335],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,112337,112338],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[38,112340,246],{"id":245},[20,112342,112343],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[43,112345,112347],{"className":45,"code":112346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,112348,112349,112382,112415,112419,112439,112443,112453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112350,112351,112354,112356,112358,112360,112362,112364,112366,112368,112370,112372,112374,112376,112378,112380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112352,112353],{"class":58},"fruits1 ",[52,112355,63],{"class":62},[52,112357,10577],{"class":66},[52,112359,757],{"class":756},[52,112361,4171],{"class":760},[52,112363,757],{"class":756},[52,112365,74],{"class":66},[52,112367,768],{"class":756},[52,112369,4180],{"class":760},[52,112371,757],{"class":756},[52,112373,74],{"class":66},[52,112375,768],{"class":756},[52,112377,33317],{"class":760},[52,112379,757],{"class":756},[52,112381,9394],{"class":66},[52,112383,112384,112387,112389,112391,112393,112395,112397,112399,112401,112403,112405,112407,112409,112411,112413],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,112385,112386],{"class":58},"fruits2 ",[52,112388,63],{"class":62},[52,112390,10577],{"class":66},[52,112392,757],{"class":756},[52,112394,4180],{"class":760},[52,112396,757],{"class":756},[52,112398,74],{"class":66},[52,112400,768],{"class":756},[52,112402,22628],{"class":760},[52,112404,757],{"class":756},[52,112406,74],{"class":66},[52,112408,768],{"class":756},[52,112410,33317],{"class":760},[52,112412,757],{"class":756},[52,112414,9394],{"class":66},[52,112416,112417],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112418,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112420,112421,112423,112425,112428,112430,112432,112434,112437],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,112422,2347],{"class":58},[52,112424,63],{"class":62},[52,112426,112427],{"class":58}," fruits1",[52,112429,242],{"class":66},[52,112431,111340],{"class":108},[52,112433,105],{"class":66},[52,112435,112436],{"class":108},"fruits2",[52,112438,112],{"class":66},[52,112440,112441],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,112442,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112444,112445,112447,112449,112451],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,112446,118],{"class":101},[52,112448,105],{"class":66},[52,112450,2382],{"class":108},[52,112452,112],{"class":66},[52,112454,112455,112457,112459,112462],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,112456,118],{"class":101},[52,112458,105],{"class":66},[52,112460,112461],{"class":108},"fruits1",[52,112463,112],{"class":66},[20,112465,30125],{},[43,112467,112469],{"className":45,"code":112468,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,112470,112471,112507],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112472,112473,112475,112477,112479,112481,112483,112485,112487,112489,112491,112493,112495,112497,112499,112501,112503,112505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112474,9363],{"class":66},[52,112476,3406],{"class":756},[52,112478,4180],{"class":760},[52,112480,3406],{"class":756},[52,112482,74],{"class":66},[52,112484,3401],{"class":756},[52,112486,33317],{"class":760},[52,112488,3406],{"class":756},[52,112490,74],{"class":66},[52,112492,3401],{"class":756},[52,112494,4171],{"class":760},[52,112496,3406],{"class":756},[52,112498,74],{"class":66},[52,112500,3401],{"class":756},[52,112502,22628],{"class":760},[52,112504,3406],{"class":756},[52,112506,9394],{"class":66},[52,112508,112509,112511,112513,112515,112517,112519,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,112510,9363],{"class":66},[52,112512,3406],{"class":756},[52,112514,4180],{"class":760},[52,112516,3406],{"class":756},[52,112518,74],{"class":66},[52,112520,3401],{"class":756},[52,112522,33317],{"class":760},[52,112524,3406],{"class":756},[52,112526,74],{"class":66},[52,112528,3401],{"class":756},[52,112530,4171],{"class":760},[52,112532,3406],{"class":756},[52,112534,9394],{"class":66},[20,112536,112537],{},"What this shows:",[153,112539,112540,112547,112550],{},[156,112541,112542,652,112544,112546],{},[15,112543,65350],{},[15,112545,65777],{}," appear in both sets",[156,112548,112549],{},"they appear only once in the result",[156,112551,112552,112554],{},[15,112553,112461],{}," stays unchanged",[38,112556,1372,112558,101229],{"id":112557},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112559,102870],{},[20,112561,112562],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[43,112564,112566],{"className":45,"code":112565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112567,112568,112584,112600,112617,112634,112638,112665,112669],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112569,112570,112572,112574,112576,112578,112580,112582],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112571,110772],{"class":58},[52,112573,63],{"class":62},[52,112575,10577],{"class":66},[52,112577,71],{"class":70},[52,112579,74],{"class":66},[52,112581,77],{"class":70},[52,112583,9394],{"class":66},[52,112585,112586,112588,112590,112592,112594,112596,112598],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,112587,110793],{"class":58},[52,112589,63],{"class":62},[52,112591,10577],{"class":66},[52,112593,440],{"class":70},[52,112595,74],{"class":66},[52,112597,82],{"class":70},[52,112599,9394],{"class":66},[52,112601,112602,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112603,112604],{"class":58},"set3 ",[52,112606,63],{"class":62},[52,112608,10577],{"class":66},[52,112610,445],{"class":70},[52,112612,74],{"class":66},[52,112614,87],{"class":70},[52,112616,9394],{"class":66},[52,112618,112619,112622,112624,112626,112628,112630,112632],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,112620,112621],{"class":58},"set4 ",[52,112623,63],{"class":62},[52,112625,10577],{"class":66},[52,112627,1595],{"class":70},[52,112629,74],{"class":66},[52,112631,4696],{"class":70},[52,112633,9394],{"class":66},[52,112635,112636],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,112637,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112639,112640,112642,112644,112646,112648,112650,112652,112654,112656,112658,112660,112663],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,112641,2347],{"class":58},[52,112643,63],{"class":62},[52,112645,110822],{"class":58},[52,112647,242],{"class":66},[52,112649,111340],{"class":108},[52,112651,105],{"class":66},[52,112653,100665],{"class":108},[52,112655,74],{"class":66},[52,112657,100692],{"class":108},[52,112659,74],{"class":66},[52,112661,112662],{"class":108}," set4",[52,112664,112],{"class":66},[52,112666,112667],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,112668,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112670,112671,112673,112675,112677],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,112672,118],{"class":101},[52,112674,105],{"class":66},[52,112676,2382],{"class":108},[52,112678,112],{"class":66},[20,112680,30125],{},[43,112682,112684],{"className":45,"code":112683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112685,112686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112687,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700,112702,112704,112706,112708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112689,9363],{"class":66},[52,112691,71],{"class":70},[52,112693,74],{"class":66},[52,112695,77],{"class":70},[52,112697,74],{"class":66},[52,112699,82],{"class":70},[52,112701,74],{"class":66},[52,112703,87],{"class":70},[52,112705,74],{"class":66},[52,112707,4696],{"class":70},[52,112709,9394],{"class":66},[20,112711,112712],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[38,112714,1372,112716,112718],{"id":112715},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112717,102870],{}," with other iterables",[20,112720,112721,112723],{},[15,112722,102870],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[461,112725,112727],{"id":112726},"with-a-list","With a list",[43,112729,112731],{"className":45,"code":112730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112732,112733,112753,112777,112781,112799],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112734,112735,112737,112739,112741,112743,112745,112747,112749,112751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112736,59],{"class":58},[52,112738,63],{"class":62},[52,112740,10577],{"class":66},[52,112742,71],{"class":70},[52,112744,74],{"class":66},[52,112746,77],{"class":70},[52,112748,74],{"class":66},[52,112750,82],{"class":70},[52,112752,9394],{"class":66},[52,112754,112755,112757,112759,112761,112763,112765,112767,112769,112771,112773,112775],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,112756,61123],{"class":58},[52,112758,63],{"class":62},[52,112760,67],{"class":66},[52,112762,445],{"class":70},[52,112764,74],{"class":66},[52,112766,87],{"class":70},[52,112768,74],{"class":66},[52,112770,4696],{"class":70},[52,112772,74],{"class":66},[52,112774,4696],{"class":70},[52,112776,90],{"class":66},[52,112778,112779],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112780,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112782,112783,112785,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,112784,2347],{"class":58},[52,112786,63],{"class":62},[52,112788,1686],{"class":58},[52,112790,242],{"class":66},[52,112792,111340],{"class":108},[52,112794,105],{"class":66},[52,112796,61152],{"class":108},[52,112798,112],{"class":66},[52,112800,112801,112803,112805,112807],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,112802,118],{"class":101},[52,112804,105],{"class":66},[52,112806,2382],{"class":108},[52,112808,112],{"class":66},[20,112810,30125],{},[43,112812,112813],{"className":45,"code":112683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,112814,112815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112816,112817,112819,112821,112823,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833,112835,112837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112818,9363],{"class":66},[52,112820,71],{"class":70},[52,112822,74],{"class":66},[52,112824,77],{"class":70},[52,112826,74],{"class":66},[52,112828,82],{"class":70},[52,112830,74],{"class":66},[52,112832,87],{"class":70},[52,112834,74],{"class":66},[52,112836,4696],{"class":70},[52,112838,9394],{"class":66},[20,112840,21072,112841,112843],{},[15,112842,265],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[461,112845,112847],{"id":112846},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[43,112849,112851],{"className":45,"code":112850,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112852,112853,112877,112910,112914,112933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112854,112855,112857,112859,112861,112863,112865,112867,112869,112871,112873,112875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112856,1387],{"class":58},[52,112858,63],{"class":62},[52,112860,10577],{"class":66},[52,112862,757],{"class":756},[52,112864,236],{"class":760},[52,112866,757],{"class":756},[52,112868,74],{"class":66},[52,112870,768],{"class":756},[52,112872,4853],{"class":760},[52,112874,757],{"class":756},[52,112876,9394],{"class":66},[52,112878,112879,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892,112894,112896,112898,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,112880,112881],{"class":58},"more_letters ",[52,112883,63],{"class":62},[52,112885,9321],{"class":66},[52,112887,757],{"class":756},[52,112889,4853],{"class":760},[52,112891,757],{"class":756},[52,112893,74],{"class":66},[52,112895,768],{"class":756},[52,112897,9825],{"class":760},[52,112899,757],{"class":756},[52,112901,74],{"class":66},[52,112903,768],{"class":756},[52,112905,18861],{"class":760},[52,112907,757],{"class":756},[52,112909,112],{"class":66},[52,112911,112912],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,112913,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,112915,112916,112918,112920,112922,112924,112926,112928,112931],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,112917,2347],{"class":58},[52,112919,63],{"class":62},[52,112921,70170],{"class":58},[52,112923,242],{"class":66},[52,112925,111340],{"class":108},[52,112927,105],{"class":66},[52,112929,112930],{"class":108},"more_letters",[52,112932,112],{"class":66},[52,112934,112935,112937,112939,112941],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,112936,118],{"class":101},[52,112938,105],{"class":66},[52,112940,2382],{"class":108},[52,112942,112],{"class":66},[20,112944,30125],{},[43,112946,112948],{"className":45,"code":112947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112949,112950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112951,112952,112954,112956,112958,112960,112962,112964,112966,112968,112970,112972,112974,112976,112978,112980,112982,112984],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,112953,9363],{"class":66},[52,112955,3406],{"class":756},[52,112957,236],{"class":760},[52,112959,3406],{"class":756},[52,112961,74],{"class":66},[52,112963,3401],{"class":756},[52,112965,4853],{"class":760},[52,112967,3406],{"class":756},[52,112969,74],{"class":66},[52,112971,3401],{"class":756},[52,112973,9825],{"class":760},[52,112975,3406],{"class":756},[52,112977,74],{"class":66},[52,112979,3401],{"class":756},[52,112981,18861],{"class":760},[52,112983,3406],{"class":756},[52,112985,9394],{"class":66},[461,112987,112989],{"id":112988},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112991,112992],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[43,112994,112996],{"className":45,"code":112995,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112997,112998,113023,113046,113050],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,112999,113000,113003,113005,113007,113009,113011,113013,113015,113017,113019,113021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113001,113002],{"class":58},"chars ",[52,113004,63],{"class":62},[52,113006,10577],{"class":66},[52,113008,757],{"class":756},[52,113010,236],{"class":760},[52,113012,757],{"class":756},[52,113014,74],{"class":66},[52,113016,768],{"class":756},[52,113018,4853],{"class":760},[52,113020,757],{"class":756},[52,113022,9394],{"class":66},[52,113024,113025,113027,113029,113032,113034,113036,113038,113040,113042,113044],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113026,2347],{"class":58},[52,113028,63],{"class":62},[52,113030,113031],{"class":58}," chars",[52,113033,242],{"class":66},[52,113035,111340],{"class":108},[52,113037,105],{"class":66},[52,113039,757],{"class":756},[52,113041,37141],{"class":760},[52,113043,757],{"class":756},[52,113045,112],{"class":66},[52,113047,113048],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113049,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,113051,113052,113054,113056,113058],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,113053,118],{"class":101},[52,113055,105],{"class":66},[52,113057,2382],{"class":108},[52,113059,112],{"class":66},[20,113061,30125],{},[43,113063,113065],{"className":45,"code":113064,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,113066,113067],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113068,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081,113083,113085,113087,113089,113091,113093,113095,113097,113099,113101],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113070,9363],{"class":66},[52,113072,3406],{"class":756},[52,113074,236],{"class":760},[52,113076,3406],{"class":756},[52,113078,74],{"class":66},[52,113080,3401],{"class":756},[52,113082,4853],{"class":760},[52,113084,3406],{"class":756},[52,113086,74],{"class":66},[52,113088,3401],{"class":756},[52,113090,9825],{"class":760},[52,113092,3406],{"class":756},[52,113094,74],{"class":66},[52,113096,3401],{"class":756},[52,113098,1414],{"class":760},[52,113100,3406],{"class":756},[52,113102,9394],{"class":66},[20,113104,22284,113105,113108],{},[15,113106,113107],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[153,113110,113111,113115,113119],{},[156,113112,113113],{},[15,113114,66556],{},[156,113116,113117],{},[15,113118,18189],{},[156,113120,113121],{},[15,113122,113123],{},"\"t\"",[38,113125,113127,10672,113129],{"id":113126},"union-vs-update",[15,113128,102870],{},[15,113130,15045],{},[20,113132,113133,652,113135,113137],{},[15,113134,102870],{},[15,113136,15045],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[461,113139,113140],{"id":111340},[15,113141,102870],{},[153,113143,113144,113146],{},[156,113145,110702],{},[156,113147,110711],{},[43,113149,113150],{"className":45,"code":112235,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,113151,113152,113168,113184,113188,113206,113210,113222],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113153,113154,113156,113158,113160,113162,113164,113166],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113155,2668],{"class":58},[52,113157,63],{"class":62},[52,113159,10577],{"class":66},[52,113161,71],{"class":70},[52,113163,74],{"class":66},[52,113165,77],{"class":70},[52,113167,9394],{"class":66},[52,113169,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178,113180,113182],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113171,2696],{"class":58},[52,113173,63],{"class":62},[52,113175,10577],{"class":66},[52,113177,440],{"class":70},[52,113179,74],{"class":66},[52,113181,82],{"class":70},[52,113183,9394],{"class":66},[52,113185,113186],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113187,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,113189,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200,113202,113204],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,113191,2347],{"class":58},[52,113193,63],{"class":62},[52,113195,56967],{"class":58},[52,113197,242],{"class":66},[52,113199,111340],{"class":108},[52,113201,105],{"class":66},[52,113203,4853],{"class":108},[52,113205,112],{"class":66},[52,113207,113208],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,113209,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,113211,113212,113214,113216,113218,113220],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,113213,118],{"class":101},[52,113215,105],{"class":66},[52,113217,2382],{"class":108},[52,113219,126],{"class":66},[52,113221,112308],{"class":129},[52,113223,113224,113226,113228,113230,113232],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,113225,118],{"class":101},[52,113227,105],{"class":66},[52,113229,236],{"class":108},[52,113231,126],{"class":66},[52,113233,112321],{"class":129},[461,113235,113236],{"id":30559},[15,113237,15045],{},[153,113239,113240,113243],{},[156,113241,113242],{},"changes the existing set in place",[156,113244,113245],{},"does not create a separate result set",[43,113247,113249],{"className":45,"code":113248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,113250,113251,113267,113283,113287,113301,113305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113252,113253,113255,113257,113259,113261,113263,113265],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113254,2668],{"class":58},[52,113256,63],{"class":62},[52,113258,10577],{"class":66},[52,113260,71],{"class":70},[52,113262,74],{"class":66},[52,113264,77],{"class":70},[52,113266,9394],{"class":66},[52,113268,113269,113271,113273,113275,113277,113279,113281],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113270,2696],{"class":58},[52,113272,63],{"class":62},[52,113274,10577],{"class":66},[52,113276,440],{"class":70},[52,113278,74],{"class":66},[52,113280,82],{"class":70},[52,113282,9394],{"class":66},[52,113284,113285],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113286,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,113288,113289,113291,113293,113295,113297,113299],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,113290,236],{"class":58},[52,113292,242],{"class":66},[52,113294,30559],{"class":108},[52,113296,105],{"class":66},[52,113298,4853],{"class":108},[52,113300,112],{"class":66},[52,113302,113303],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,113304,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,113306,113307,113309,113311,113313,113315],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,113308,118],{"class":101},[52,113310,105],{"class":66},[52,113312,236],{"class":108},[52,113314,126],{"class":66},[52,113316,112308],{"class":129},[20,113318,133,113319,113321],{},[15,113320,102870],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,113323,113324,113325,242],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[236,113326,13,113327,10828],{"href":98590},[15,113328,97385],{},[38,113330,4610],{"id":4609},[461,113332,8538,113334,113336],{"id":113333},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,113335,102870],{}," to change the original set",[20,113338,81900],{},[43,113340,113342],{"className":45,"code":113341,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113343,113344,113360,113376,113380,113394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113345,113346,113348,113350,113352,113354,113356,113358],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113347,2668],{"class":58},[52,113349,63],{"class":62},[52,113351,10577],{"class":66},[52,113353,71],{"class":70},[52,113355,74],{"class":66},[52,113357,77],{"class":70},[52,113359,9394],{"class":66},[52,113361,113362,113364,113366,113368,113370,113372,113374],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113363,2696],{"class":58},[52,113365,63],{"class":62},[52,113367,10577],{"class":66},[52,113369,440],{"class":70},[52,113371,74],{"class":66},[52,113373,82],{"class":70},[52,113375,9394],{"class":66},[52,113377,113378],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113379,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,113381,113382,113384,113386,113388,113390,113392],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,113383,236],{"class":58},[52,113385,242],{"class":66},[52,113387,111340],{"class":108},[52,113389,105],{"class":66},[52,113391,4853],{"class":108},[52,113393,112],{"class":66},[52,113395,113396,113398,113400,113402],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,113397,118],{"class":101},[52,113399,105],{"class":66},[52,113401,236],{"class":108},[52,113403,112],{"class":66},[20,113405,311],{},[43,113407,113408],{"className":45,"code":100578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,113409,113410],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113411,113412,113414,113416,113418,113420],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113413,9363],{"class":66},[52,113415,71],{"class":70},[52,113417,74],{"class":66},[52,113419,77],{"class":70},[52,113421,9394],{"class":66},[20,113423,8581,113424,113426],{},[15,113425,102870],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,113428,113429],{},"Fix it like this:",[43,113431,113433],{"className":45,"code":113432,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,113434,113435,113451,113467,113471,113489],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113436,113437,113439,113441,113443,113445,113447,113449],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113438,2668],{"class":58},[52,113440,63],{"class":62},[52,113442,10577],{"class":66},[52,113444,71],{"class":70},[52,113446,74],{"class":66},[52,113448,77],{"class":70},[52,113450,9394],{"class":66},[52,113452,113453,113455,113457,113459,113461,113463,113465],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113454,2696],{"class":58},[52,113456,63],{"class":62},[52,113458,10577],{"class":66},[52,113460,440],{"class":70},[52,113462,74],{"class":66},[52,113464,82],{"class":70},[52,113466,9394],{"class":66},[52,113468,113469],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113470,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,113472,113473,113475,113477,113479,113481,113483,113485,113487],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,113474,2668],{"class":58},[52,113476,63],{"class":62},[52,113478,56967],{"class":58},[52,113480,242],{"class":66},[52,113482,111340],{"class":108},[52,113484,105],{"class":66},[52,113486,4853],{"class":108},[52,113488,112],{"class":66},[52,113490,113491,113493,113495,113497],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,113492,118],{"class":101},[52,113494,105],{"class":66},[52,113496,236],{"class":108},[52,113498,112],{"class":66},[461,113500,113502],{"id":113501},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113504,113505],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[43,113507,113509],{"className":45,"code":113508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113510,113511,113527,113543,113547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113512,113513,113515,113517,113519,113521,113523,113525],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113514,2668],{"class":58},[52,113516,63],{"class":62},[52,113518,10577],{"class":66},[52,113520,445],{"class":70},[52,113522,74],{"class":66},[52,113524,5586],{"class":70},[52,113526,9394],{"class":66},[52,113528,113529,113531,113533,113535,113537,113539,113541],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113530,2696],{"class":58},[52,113532,63],{"class":62},[52,113534,10577],{"class":66},[52,113536,440],{"class":70},[52,113538,74],{"class":66},[52,113540,87],{"class":70},[52,113542,9394],{"class":66},[52,113544,113545],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113546,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,113548,113549,113551,113553,113555,113557,113559,113561,113563],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,113550,118],{"class":101},[52,113552,105],{"class":66},[52,113554,236],{"class":108},[52,113556,242],{"class":66},[52,113558,111340],{"class":108},[52,113560,105],{"class":66},[52,113562,4853],{"class":108},[52,113564,510],{"class":66},[20,113566,113567],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[461,113569,113571],{"id":113570},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[43,113573,113575],{"className":45,"code":113574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113576,113577,113593,113615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113578,113579,113581,113583,113585,113587,113589,113591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113580,749],{"class":58},[52,113582,63],{"class":62},[52,113584,10577],{"class":66},[52,113586,757],{"class":756},[52,113588,58207],{"class":760},[52,113590,757],{"class":756},[52,113592,9394],{"class":66},[52,113594,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603,113605,113607,113609,113611,113613],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113596,2347],{"class":58},[52,113598,63],{"class":62},[52,113600,6254],{"class":58},[52,113602,242],{"class":66},[52,113604,111340],{"class":108},[52,113606,105],{"class":66},[52,113608,757],{"class":756},[52,113610,37141],{"class":760},[52,113612,757],{"class":756},[52,113614,112],{"class":66},[52,113616,113617,113619,113621,113623],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113618,118],{"class":101},[52,113620,105],{"class":66},[52,113622,2382],{"class":108},[52,113624,112],{"class":66},[20,113626,636,113627,2305,113629,17165,113631,113633,113634,113636],{},[15,113628,66556],{},[15,113630,18189],{},[15,113632,113123],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113635,113107],{}," as one item.",[20,113638,113639],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[43,113641,113643],{"className":45,"code":113642,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113644,113645,113661,113683],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113646,113647,113649,113651,113653,113655,113657,113659],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113648,749],{"class":58},[52,113650,63],{"class":62},[52,113652,10577],{"class":66},[52,113654,757],{"class":756},[52,113656,58207],{"class":760},[52,113658,757],{"class":756},[52,113660,9394],{"class":66},[52,113662,113663,113665,113667,113669,113671,113673,113675,113677,113679,113681],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113664,2347],{"class":58},[52,113666,63],{"class":62},[52,113668,6254],{"class":58},[52,113670,242],{"class":66},[52,113672,111340],{"class":108},[52,113674,1058],{"class":66},[52,113676,757],{"class":756},[52,113678,37141],{"class":760},[52,113680,757],{"class":756},[52,113682,1858],{"class":66},[52,113684,113685,113687,113689,113691],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113686,118],{"class":101},[52,113688,105],{"class":66},[52,113690,2382],{"class":108},[52,113692,112],{"class":66},[461,113694,113696],{"id":113695},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113698,739],{},[43,113700,113702],{"className":45,"code":113701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113703,113704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113705,113706,113708,113710,113712,113714,113716,113718,113720,113722,113724,113726,113728],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113707,15720],{"class":58},[52,113709,63],{"class":62},[52,113711,10577],{"class":66},[52,113713,71],{"class":70},[52,113715,74],{"class":66},[52,113717,77],{"class":70},[52,113719,74],{"class":66},[52,113721,67],{"class":66},[52,113723,445],{"class":70},[52,113725,74],{"class":66},[52,113727,87],{"class":70},[52,113729,13796],{"class":66},[20,113731,113732],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113734,113735,113736,1772],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113737,102870],{},[43,113739,113741],{"className":45,"code":113740,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113742,113743,113759,113781],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113744,113745,113747,113749,113751,113753,113755,113757],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113746,15720],{"class":58},[52,113748,63],{"class":62},[52,113750,10577],{"class":66},[52,113752,71],{"class":70},[52,113754,74],{"class":66},[52,113756,77],{"class":70},[52,113758,9394],{"class":66},[52,113760,113761,113763,113765,113767,113769,113771,113773,113775,113777,113779],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113762,2347],{"class":58},[52,113764,63],{"class":62},[52,113766,96995],{"class":58},[52,113768,242],{"class":66},[52,113770,111340],{"class":108},[52,113772,1058],{"class":66},[52,113774,445],{"class":70},[52,113776,74],{"class":66},[52,113778,87],{"class":70},[52,113780,1858],{"class":66},[52,113782,113783,113785,113787,113789],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113784,118],{"class":101},[52,113786,105],{"class":66},[52,113788,2382],{"class":108},[52,113790,112],{"class":66},[38,113792,113794],{"id":113793},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113796,113797],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[153,113799,113800,113806,113813,113816],{},[156,113801,113802,113803,113805],{},"call ",[15,113804,102870],{}," without saving the returned set",[156,113807,113808,113809,8791,113811],{},"confuse ",[15,113810,102870],{},[15,113812,15045],{},[156,113814,113815],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[156,113817,113818],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113820,113821,113822,652,113826,242],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[236,113823,13,113824,10828],{"href":102859},[15,113825,106644],{},[236,113827,13,113829,10828],{"href":113828},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113830,100490],{},[20,113832,62371],{},[43,113834,113836],{"className":45,"code":113835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113837,113838,113848,113862,113872],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,113839,113840,113842,113844,113846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,113841,118],{"class":101},[52,113843,105],{"class":66},[52,113845,15758],{"class":108},[52,113847,112],{"class":66},[52,113849,113850,113852,113854,113856,113858,113860],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,113851,118],{"class":101},[52,113853,105],{"class":66},[52,113855,1827],{"class":1184},[52,113857,105],{"class":66},[52,113859,15758],{"class":108},[52,113861,510],{"class":66},[52,113863,113864,113866,113868,113870],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,113865,118],{"class":101},[52,113867,105],{"class":66},[52,113869,2382],{"class":108},[52,113871,112],{"class":66},[52,113873,113874,113876,113878,113880,113882,113884],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,113875,32248],{"class":101},[52,113877,105],{"class":66},[52,113879,6372],{"class":1184},[52,113881,242],{"class":66},[52,113883,111340],{"class":24845},[52,113885,112],{"class":66},[38,113887,1919],{"id":1918},[461,113889,12792,113891,102810],{"id":113890},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113892,108114],{},[20,113894,102813],{},[461,113896,1933,113898,113900],{"id":113897},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113899,102870],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113902,113903],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[461,113905,28423,113907,113909],{"id":113906},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113908,102870],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113911,42238,113912,113914],{},[15,113913,102870],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[461,113916,113918],{"id":113917},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113920,113921],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[461,113923,5270,113925,652,113927,1963],{"id":113924},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113926,102870],{},[15,113928,113929],{},"|",[20,113931,113932,113933,113935,113936,113938],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113934,113929],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113937,102870],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[38,113940,1986],{"id":1985},[153,113942,113943,113947,113953,113959,113965],{},[156,113944,113945],{},[236,113946,96399],{"href":97570},[156,113948,113949],{},[236,113950,13,113951,10828],{"href":98590},[15,113952,97385],{},[156,113954,113955],{},[236,113956,13,113957,10828],{"href":102859},[15,113958,106644],{},[156,113960,113961],{},[236,113962,13,113963,10828],{"href":113828},[15,113964,100490],{},[156,113966,113967],{},[236,113968,100415],{"href":99148},[2029,113970,113971],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":113973},[113974,113975,113977,113978,113979,113980,113982,113988,113993,114000,114001,114012],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":112070,"depth":93,"text":113976},"What set.union() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":22064,"depth":93,"text":22065},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":112557,"depth":93,"text":113981},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112715,"depth":93,"text":113983,"children":113984},"Using union() with other iterables",[113985,113986,113987],{"id":112726,"depth":115,"text":112727},{"id":112846,"depth":115,"text":112847},{"id":112988,"depth":115,"text":112989},{"id":113126,"depth":93,"text":113989,"children":113990},"union() vs update()",[113991,113992],{"id":111340,"depth":115,"text":102870},{"id":30559,"depth":115,"text":15045},{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":113994},[113995,113997,113998,113999],{"id":113333,"depth":115,"text":113996},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113501,"depth":115,"text":113502},{"id":113570,"depth":115,"text":113571},{"id":113695,"depth":115,"text":113696},{"id":113793,"depth":93,"text":113794},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":114002},[114003,114005,114007,114009,114010],{"id":113890,"depth":115,"text":114004},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113897,"depth":115,"text":114006},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113906,"depth":115,"text":114008},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113917,"depth":115,"text":113918},{"id":113924,"depth":115,"text":114011},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111950,"description":114013},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":114019,"title":114020,"body":114021,"description":115910,"extension":2083,"meta":115911,"navigation":296,"path":96884,"seo":115912,"stem":115913,"__hash__":115914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":114022,"toc":115876},[114023,114028,114033,114041,114043,114101,114106,114111,114115,114127,114130,114204,114209,114211,114213,114232,114234,114251,114254,114281,114283,114353,114357,114359,114365,114367,114428,114433,114435,114492,114496,114501,114566,114568,114588,114595,114599,114604,114689,114692,114699,114802,114806,114811,114869,114872,114883,114897,114904,114962,114969,114972,114982,114986,115044,115048,115114,115117,115175,115182,115189,115192,115196,115205,115274,115278,115284,115372,115382,115386,115390,115394,115397,115458,115463,115520,115524,115526,115561,115568,115570,115624,115631,115635,115638,115703,115712,115718,115775,115777,115782,115786,115790,115793,115800,115808,115812,115817,115821,115827,115829,115864,115873],[10,114024,96271,114026,11411],{"id":114025},"python-set-update-method",[15,114027,15045],{},[20,114029,114030,114032],{},[15,114031,97385],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,114034,114035,114036,114040],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[236,114037,114038],{"href":98571},[15,114039,96279],{},", which adds only one item.",[38,114042,3712],{"id":3711},[43,114044,114046],{"className":45,"code":114045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114047,114048,114064,114086,114096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114049,114050,114052,114054,114056,114058,114060,114062],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114051,59],{"class":58},[52,114053,63],{"class":62},[52,114055,10577],{"class":66},[52,114057,71],{"class":70},[52,114059,74],{"class":66},[52,114061,77],{"class":70},[52,114063,9394],{"class":66},[52,114065,114066,114068,114070,114072,114074,114076,114078,114080,114082,114084],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114067,109],{"class":58},[52,114069,242],{"class":66},[52,114071,30559],{"class":108},[52,114073,1058],{"class":66},[52,114075,440],{"class":70},[52,114077,74],{"class":66},[52,114079,82],{"class":70},[52,114081,74],{"class":66},[52,114083,87],{"class":70},[52,114085,1858],{"class":66},[52,114087,114088,114090,114092,114094],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114089,118],{"class":101},[52,114091,105],{"class":66},[52,114093,109],{"class":108},[52,114095,112],{"class":66},[52,114097,114098],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114099,114100],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,114102,133,114103,114105],{},[15,114104,15045],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[38,114107,140,114109,143],{"id":114108},"what-setupdate-does",[15,114110,97385],{},[20,114112,114113,1772],{},[15,114114,97385],{},[153,114116,114117,114120,114122,114125],{},[156,114118,114119],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[156,114121,96386],{},[156,114123,114124],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[156,114126,96389],{},[20,114128,114129],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[43,114131,114133],{"className":45,"code":114132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,114134,114135,114159,114185,114189,114199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114136,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147,114149,114151,114153,114155,114157],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114138,13165],{"class":58},[52,114140,63],{"class":62},[52,114142,10577],{"class":66},[52,114144,757],{"class":756},[52,114146,13182],{"class":760},[52,114148,757],{"class":756},[52,114150,74],{"class":66},[52,114152,768],{"class":756},[52,114154,13199],{"class":760},[52,114156,757],{"class":756},[52,114158,9394],{"class":66},[52,114160,114161,114163,114165,114167,114169,114171,114173,114175,114177,114179,114181,114183],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114162,17596],{"class":58},[52,114164,242],{"class":66},[52,114166,30559],{"class":108},[52,114168,1058],{"class":66},[52,114170,757],{"class":756},[52,114172,13199],{"class":760},[52,114174,757],{"class":756},[52,114176,74],{"class":66},[52,114178,768],{"class":756},[52,114180,17549],{"class":760},[52,114182,757],{"class":756},[52,114184,1858],{"class":66},[52,114186,114187],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114188,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114190,114191,114193,114195,114197],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114192,118],{"class":101},[52,114194,105],{"class":66},[52,114196,17596],{"class":108},[52,114198,112],{"class":66},[52,114200,114201],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114202,114203],{"class":129},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,114205,21072,114206,114208],{},[15,114207,111105],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[38,114210,181],{"id":180},[20,114212,7300],{},[43,114214,114216],{"className":45,"code":114215,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,114217,114218],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114219,114220,114222,114224,114226,114228,114230],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114221,15758],{"class":58},[52,114223,242],{"class":66},[52,114225,30559],{"class":108},[52,114227,105],{"class":66},[52,114229,196],{"class":108},[52,114231,112],{"class":66},[20,114233,80276],{},[153,114235,114236,114239,114242,114245,114248],{},[156,114237,114238],{},"A list",[156,114240,114241],{},"A tuple",[156,114243,114244],{},"Another set",[156,114246,114247],{},"A string",[156,114249,114250],{},"Any other iterable",[20,114252,114253],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[43,114255,114257],{"className":45,"code":114256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,114258,114259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114260,114261,114263,114265,114267,114269,114271,114273,114275,114277,114279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114262,15758],{"class":58},[52,114264,242],{"class":66},[52,114266,30559],{"class":108},[52,114268,105],{"class":66},[52,114270,236],{"class":108},[52,114272,74],{"class":66},[52,114274,2673],{"class":108},[52,114276,74],{"class":66},[52,114278,9767],{"class":108},[52,114280,112],{"class":66},[20,114282,2324],{},[43,114284,114286],{"className":45,"code":114285,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,114287,114288,114300,114334,114338,114348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114289,114290,114292,114294,114296,114298],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114291,474],{"class":58},[52,114293,63],{"class":62},[52,114295,10577],{"class":66},[52,114297,71],{"class":70},[52,114299,9394],{"class":66},[52,114301,114302,114304,114306,114308,114310,114312,114314,114316,114318,114320,114322,114324,114326,114328,114330,114332],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114303,507],{"class":58},[52,114305,242],{"class":66},[52,114307,30559],{"class":108},[52,114309,1058],{"class":66},[52,114311,440],{"class":70},[52,114313,74],{"class":66},[52,114315,82],{"class":70},[52,114317,894],{"class":66},[52,114319,9321],{"class":66},[52,114321,1595],{"class":70},[52,114323,74],{"class":66},[52,114325,4696],{"class":70},[52,114327,9318],{"class":66},[52,114329,10577],{"class":66},[52,114331,80667],{"class":70},[52,114333,30591],{"class":66},[52,114335,114336],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114337,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114339,114340,114342,114344,114346],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114341,118],{"class":101},[52,114343,105],{"class":66},[52,114345,507],{"class":108},[52,114347,112],{"class":66},[52,114349,114350],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114351,114352],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,114354,96395,114355,242],{},[236,114356,96403],{"href":97954},[38,114358,22065],{"id":22064},[20,114360,114361,2514,114363,242],{},[15,114362,97385],{},[15,114364,3878],{},[20,114366,11802],{},[43,114368,114370],{"className":45,"code":114369,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114371,114372,114388,114410,114414,114424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114373,114374,114376,114378,114380,114382,114384,114386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114375,59],{"class":58},[52,114377,63],{"class":62},[52,114379,10577],{"class":66},[52,114381,71],{"class":70},[52,114383,74],{"class":66},[52,114385,77],{"class":70},[52,114387,9394],{"class":66},[52,114389,114390,114392,114394,114396,114398,114400,114402,114404,114406,114408],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114391,2347],{"class":58},[52,114393,63],{"class":62},[52,114395,1686],{"class":58},[52,114397,242],{"class":66},[52,114399,30559],{"class":108},[52,114401,1058],{"class":66},[52,114403,445],{"class":70},[52,114405,74],{"class":66},[52,114407,87],{"class":70},[52,114409,1858],{"class":66},[52,114411,114412],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114413,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114415,114416,114418,114420,114422],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114417,118],{"class":101},[52,114419,105],{"class":66},[52,114421,2382],{"class":108},[52,114423,112],{"class":66},[52,114425,114426],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114427,61907],{"class":129},[20,114429,114430,114431,242],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,114432,2382],{},[20,114434,19062],{},[43,114436,114438],{"className":45,"code":114437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114439,114440,114456,114474,114478,114488],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114441,114442,114444,114446,114448,114450,114452,114454],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114443,59],{"class":58},[52,114445,63],{"class":62},[52,114447,10577],{"class":66},[52,114449,71],{"class":70},[52,114451,74],{"class":66},[52,114453,77],{"class":70},[52,114455,9394],{"class":66},[52,114457,114458,114460,114462,114464,114466,114468,114470,114472],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114459,109],{"class":58},[52,114461,242],{"class":66},[52,114463,30559],{"class":108},[52,114465,1058],{"class":66},[52,114467,445],{"class":70},[52,114469,74],{"class":66},[52,114471,87],{"class":70},[52,114473,1858],{"class":66},[52,114475,114476],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114477,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114479,114480,114482,114484,114486],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114481,118],{"class":101},[52,114483,105],{"class":66},[52,114485,109],{"class":108},[52,114487,112],{"class":66},[52,114489,114490],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114491,114100],{"class":129},[38,114493,114495],{"id":114494},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114497,114498,114499,242],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114500,15045],{},[43,114502,114504],{"className":45,"code":114503,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114505,114506,114522,114548,114552,114562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114507,114508,114510,114512,114514,114516,114518,114520],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114509,59],{"class":58},[52,114511,63],{"class":62},[52,114513,10577],{"class":66},[52,114515,71],{"class":70},[52,114517,74],{"class":66},[52,114519,77],{"class":70},[52,114521,9394],{"class":66},[52,114523,114524,114526,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542,114544,114546],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114525,109],{"class":58},[52,114527,242],{"class":66},[52,114529,30559],{"class":108},[52,114531,1058],{"class":66},[52,114533,440],{"class":70},[52,114535,74],{"class":66},[52,114537,82],{"class":70},[52,114539,74],{"class":66},[52,114541,87],{"class":70},[52,114543,74],{"class":66},[52,114545,87],{"class":70},[52,114547,1858],{"class":66},[52,114549,114550],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114551,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114553,114554,114556,114558,114560],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114555,118],{"class":101},[52,114557,105],{"class":66},[52,114559,109],{"class":108},[52,114561,112],{"class":66},[52,114563,114564],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114565,114100],{"class":129},[20,114567,323],{},[153,114569,114570,114575,114582],{},[156,114571,114572,114574],{},[15,114573,440],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[156,114576,114577,652,114579,114581],{},[15,114578,445],{},[15,114580,1595],{}," are added",[156,114583,114584,114585,114587],{},"The second ",[15,114586,1595],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114589,114590,114591,114594],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[236,114592,114593],{"href":99148},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[38,114596,114598],{"id":114597},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114600,7846,114601,114603],{},[15,114602,15045],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[43,114605,114607],{"className":45,"code":114606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114608,114609,114630,114651,114655,114671,114675,114685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114610,114611,114614,114616,114618,114620,114622,114624,114626,114628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114612,114613],{"class":58},"set_a ",[52,114615,63],{"class":62},[52,114617,10577],{"class":66},[52,114619,71],{"class":70},[52,114621,74],{"class":66},[52,114623,77],{"class":70},[52,114625,74],{"class":66},[52,114627,82],{"class":70},[52,114629,9394],{"class":66},[52,114631,114632,114635,114637,114639,114641,114643,114645,114647,114649],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114633,114634],{"class":58},"set_b ",[52,114636,63],{"class":62},[52,114638,10577],{"class":66},[52,114640,445],{"class":70},[52,114642,74],{"class":66},[52,114644,87],{"class":70},[52,114646,74],{"class":66},[52,114648,4696],{"class":70},[52,114650,9394],{"class":66},[52,114652,114653],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114654,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114656,114657,114660,114662,114664,114666,114669],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114658,114659],{"class":58},"set_a",[52,114661,242],{"class":66},[52,114663,30559],{"class":108},[52,114665,105],{"class":66},[52,114667,114668],{"class":108},"set_b",[52,114670,112],{"class":66},[52,114672,114673],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114674,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114676,114677,114679,114681,114683],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,114678,118],{"class":101},[52,114680,105],{"class":66},[52,114682,114659],{"class":108},[52,114684,112],{"class":66},[52,114686,114687],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,114688,112062],{"class":129},[20,114690,114691],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114693,114694,114695,242],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[236,114696,114697],{"href":102867},[15,114698,108114],{},[43,114700,114702],{"className":45,"code":114701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114703,114704,114724,114744,114748,114768,114772,114783,114787,114797],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114705,114706,114708,114710,114712,114714,114716,114718,114720,114722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114707,114613],{"class":58},[52,114709,63],{"class":62},[52,114711,10577],{"class":66},[52,114713,71],{"class":70},[52,114715,74],{"class":66},[52,114717,77],{"class":70},[52,114719,74],{"class":66},[52,114721,82],{"class":70},[52,114723,9394],{"class":66},[52,114725,114726,114728,114730,114732,114734,114736,114738,114740,114742],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114727,114634],{"class":58},[52,114729,63],{"class":62},[52,114731,10577],{"class":66},[52,114733,445],{"class":70},[52,114735,74],{"class":66},[52,114737,87],{"class":70},[52,114739,74],{"class":66},[52,114741,4696],{"class":70},[52,114743,9394],{"class":66},[52,114745,114746],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114747,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114749,114750,114753,114755,114758,114760,114762,114764,114766],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114751,114752],{"class":58},"combined ",[52,114754,63],{"class":62},[52,114756,114757],{"class":58}," set_a",[52,114759,242],{"class":66},[52,114761,111340],{"class":108},[52,114763,105],{"class":66},[52,114765,114668],{"class":108},[52,114767,112],{"class":66},[52,114769,114770],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114771,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114773,114774,114776,114778,114781],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,114775,118],{"class":101},[52,114777,105],{"class":66},[52,114779,114780],{"class":108},"combined",[52,114782,112],{"class":66},[52,114784,114785],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,114786,112062],{"class":129},[52,114788,114789,114791,114793,114795],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,114790,118],{"class":101},[52,114792,105],{"class":66},[52,114794,114659],{"class":108},[52,114796,112],{"class":66},[52,114798,114799],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,114800,114801],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[38,114803,114805],{"id":114804},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114807,64815,114808,114810],{},[15,114809,15045],{}," adds each character separately.",[43,114812,114814],{"className":45,"code":114813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114815,114816,114832,114850,114854,114864],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114817,114818,114820,114822,114824,114826,114828,114830],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114819,1387],{"class":58},[52,114821,63],{"class":62},[52,114823,10577],{"class":66},[52,114825,757],{"class":756},[52,114827,1190],{"class":760},[52,114829,757],{"class":756},[52,114831,9394],{"class":66},[52,114833,114834,114836,114838,114840,114842,114844,114846,114848],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114835,1458],{"class":58},[52,114837,242],{"class":66},[52,114839,30559],{"class":108},[52,114841,105],{"class":66},[52,114843,757],{"class":756},[52,114845,37141],{"class":760},[52,114847,757],{"class":756},[52,114849,112],{"class":66},[52,114851,114852],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114853,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114855,114856,114858,114860,114862],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114857,118],{"class":101},[52,114859,105],{"class":66},[52,114861,1458],{"class":108},[52,114863,112],{"class":66},[52,114865,114866],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114867,114868],{"class":129},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114870,114871],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114873,114874,14144,114877,114879,114880,114882],{},[15,114875,114876],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3842,114878,4722],{}," add ",[15,114881,113107],{}," as one item. It adds:",[153,114884,114885,114889,114893],{},[156,114886,114887],{},[15,114888,66556],{},[156,114890,114891],{},[15,114892,18189],{},[156,114894,114895],{},[15,114896,113123],{},[20,114898,114899,114900,1772],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[236,114901,114902],{"href":98571},[15,114903,96279],{},[43,114905,114907],{"className":45,"code":114906,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114908,114909,114925,114943,114947,114957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114910,114911,114913,114915,114917,114919,114921,114923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114912,749],{"class":58},[52,114914,63],{"class":62},[52,114916,10577],{"class":66},[52,114918,757],{"class":756},[52,114920,58207],{"class":760},[52,114922,757],{"class":756},[52,114924,9394],{"class":66},[52,114926,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935,114937,114939,114941],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,114928,788],{"class":58},[52,114930,242],{"class":66},[52,114932,82179],{"class":108},[52,114934,105],{"class":66},[52,114936,757],{"class":756},[52,114938,37141],{"class":760},[52,114940,757],{"class":756},[52,114942,112],{"class":66},[52,114944,114945],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,114946,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,114948,114949,114951,114953,114955],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,114950,118],{"class":101},[52,114952,105],{"class":66},[52,114954,788],{"class":108},[52,114956,112],{"class":66},[52,114958,114959],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,114960,114961],{"class":129},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[38,114963,114965,10672,114967],{"id":114964},"update-vs-add",[15,114966,15045],{},[15,114968,96274],{},[20,114970,114971],{},"The difference is simple:",[153,114973,114974,114978],{},[156,114975,114976,96873],{},[15,114977,96274],{},[156,114979,114980,96878],{},[15,114981,15045],{},[20,114983,46125,114984,1772],{},[15,114985,96274],{},[43,114987,114989],{"className":45,"code":114988,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114990,114991,115007,115025,115029,115039],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,114992,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001,115003,115005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,114994,36333],{"class":58},[52,114996,63],{"class":62},[52,114998,10577],{"class":66},[52,115000,757],{"class":756},[52,115002,4171],{"class":760},[52,115004,757],{"class":756},[52,115006,9394],{"class":66},[52,115008,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019,115021,115023],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115010,36385],{"class":58},[52,115012,242],{"class":66},[52,115014,82179],{"class":108},[52,115016,105],{"class":66},[52,115018,757],{"class":756},[52,115020,4180],{"class":760},[52,115022,757],{"class":756},[52,115024,112],{"class":66},[52,115026,115027],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115028,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115030,115031,115033,115035,115037],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115032,118],{"class":101},[52,115034,105],{"class":66},[52,115036,36385],{"class":108},[52,115038,112],{"class":66},[52,115040,115041],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115042,115043],{"class":129},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,115045,46125,115046,1772],{},[15,115047,15045],{},[43,115049,115051],{"className":45,"code":115050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,115052,115053,115069,115095,115099,115109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115054,115055,115057,115059,115061,115063,115065,115067],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115056,36333],{"class":58},[52,115058,63],{"class":62},[52,115060,10577],{"class":66},[52,115062,757],{"class":756},[52,115064,4171],{"class":760},[52,115066,757],{"class":756},[52,115068,9394],{"class":66},[52,115070,115071,115073,115075,115077,115079,115081,115083,115085,115087,115089,115091,115093],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115072,36385],{"class":58},[52,115074,242],{"class":66},[52,115076,30559],{"class":108},[52,115078,1058],{"class":66},[52,115080,757],{"class":756},[52,115082,4180],{"class":760},[52,115084,757],{"class":756},[52,115086,74],{"class":66},[52,115088,768],{"class":756},[52,115090,33317],{"class":760},[52,115092,757],{"class":756},[52,115094,1858],{"class":66},[52,115096,115097],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115098,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115100,115101,115103,115105,115107],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115102,118],{"class":101},[52,115104,105],{"class":66},[52,115106,36385],{"class":108},[52,115108,112],{"class":66},[52,115110,115111],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115112,115113],{"class":129},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,115115,115116],{},"Important warning with strings:",[43,115118,115120],{"className":45,"code":115119,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,115121,115122,115138,115156,115160,115170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115123,115124,115126,115128,115130,115132,115134,115136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115125,36333],{"class":58},[52,115127,63],{"class":62},[52,115129,10577],{"class":66},[52,115131,757],{"class":756},[52,115133,4171],{"class":760},[52,115135,757],{"class":756},[52,115137,9394],{"class":66},[52,115139,115140,115142,115144,115146,115148,115150,115152,115154],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115141,36385],{"class":58},[52,115143,242],{"class":66},[52,115145,30559],{"class":108},[52,115147,105],{"class":66},[52,115149,757],{"class":756},[52,115151,38434],{"class":760},[52,115153,757],{"class":756},[52,115155,112],{"class":66},[52,115157,115158],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115159,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115161,115162,115164,115166,115168],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115163,118],{"class":101},[52,115165,105],{"class":66},[52,115167,36385],{"class":108},[52,115169,112],{"class":66},[52,115171,115172],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115173,115174],{"class":129},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,115176,62182,115177,62255,115180,6712],{},[15,115178,115179],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,115181,96274],{},[38,115183,115185,10672,115187],{"id":115184},"update-vs-union",[15,115186,15045],{},[15,115188,102870],{},[20,115190,115191],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[461,115193,115194],{"id":30559},[15,115195,15045],{},[153,115197,115198,115201],{},[156,115199,115200],{},"Changes the existing set",[156,115202,11513,115203],{},[15,115204,3878],{},[43,115206,115208],{"className":45,"code":115207,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115209,115210,115226,115242,115246,115260,115270],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115211,115212,115214,115216,115218,115220,115222,115224],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115213,2668],{"class":58},[52,115215,63],{"class":62},[52,115217,10577],{"class":66},[52,115219,71],{"class":70},[52,115221,74],{"class":66},[52,115223,77],{"class":70},[52,115225,9394],{"class":66},[52,115227,115228,115230,115232,115234,115236,115238,115240],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115229,2696],{"class":58},[52,115231,63],{"class":62},[52,115233,10577],{"class":66},[52,115235,440],{"class":70},[52,115237,74],{"class":66},[52,115239,82],{"class":70},[52,115241,9394],{"class":66},[52,115243,115244],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115245,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115247,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256,115258],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115249,236],{"class":58},[52,115251,242],{"class":66},[52,115253,30559],{"class":108},[52,115255,105],{"class":66},[52,115257,4853],{"class":108},[52,115259,112],{"class":66},[52,115261,115262,115264,115266,115268],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115263,118],{"class":101},[52,115265,105],{"class":66},[52,115267,236],{"class":108},[52,115269,112],{"class":66},[52,115271,115272],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,115273,114801],{"class":129},[461,115275,115276],{"id":111340},[15,115277,102870],{},[153,115279,115280,115282],{},[156,115281,101408],{},[156,115283,101411],{},[43,115285,115287],{"className":45,"code":115286,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,115288,115289,115305,115321,115325,115343,115353,115357,115367],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115290,115291,115293,115295,115297,115299,115301,115303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115292,2668],{"class":58},[52,115294,63],{"class":62},[52,115296,10577],{"class":66},[52,115298,71],{"class":70},[52,115300,74],{"class":66},[52,115302,77],{"class":70},[52,115304,9394],{"class":66},[52,115306,115307,115309,115311,115313,115315,115317,115319],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115308,2696],{"class":58},[52,115310,63],{"class":62},[52,115312,10577],{"class":66},[52,115314,440],{"class":70},[52,115316,74],{"class":66},[52,115318,82],{"class":70},[52,115320,9394],{"class":66},[52,115322,115323],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115324,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115326,115327,115329,115331,115333,115335,115337,115339,115341],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115328,83257],{"class":58},[52,115330,63],{"class":62},[52,115332,56967],{"class":58},[52,115334,242],{"class":66},[52,115336,111340],{"class":108},[52,115338,105],{"class":66},[52,115340,4853],{"class":108},[52,115342,112],{"class":66},[52,115344,115345,115347,115349,115351],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115346,118],{"class":101},[52,115348,105],{"class":66},[52,115350,9825],{"class":108},[52,115352,112],{"class":66},[52,115354,115355],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,115356,114801],{"class":129},[52,115358,115359,115361,115363,115365],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,115360,118],{"class":101},[52,115362,105],{"class":66},[52,115364,236],{"class":108},[52,115366,112],{"class":66},[52,115368,115369],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,115370,115371],{"class":129},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,115373,107756,115374,115376,115377,115381],{},[15,115375,15045],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[236,115378,115379],{"href":102867},[15,115380,102870],{}," when you want a new set.",[38,115383,115385],{"id":115384},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,115387,10835,115388,242],{},[15,115389,97385],{},[461,115391,115393],{"id":115392},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,115395,115396],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[43,115398,115400],{"className":45,"code":115399,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,115401,115402,115418,115440,115444,115454],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115403,115404,115406,115408,115410,115412,115414,115416],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115405,15720],{"class":58},[52,115407,63],{"class":62},[52,115409,10577],{"class":66},[52,115411,71],{"class":70},[52,115413,74],{"class":66},[52,115415,77],{"class":70},[52,115417,9394],{"class":66},[52,115419,115420,115422,115424,115426,115428,115430,115432,115434,115436,115438],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115421,2347],{"class":58},[52,115423,63],{"class":62},[52,115425,96995],{"class":58},[52,115427,242],{"class":66},[52,115429,30559],{"class":108},[52,115431,1058],{"class":66},[52,115433,445],{"class":70},[52,115435,74],{"class":66},[52,115437,87],{"class":70},[52,115439,1858],{"class":66},[52,115441,115442],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115443,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115445,115446,115448,115450,115452],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115447,118],{"class":101},[52,115449,105],{"class":66},[52,115451,2382],{"class":108},[52,115453,112],{"class":66},[52,115455,115456],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115457,61907],{"class":129},[20,115459,115460,115461,1772],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,115462,15045],{},[43,115464,115466],{"className":45,"code":115465,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,115467,115468,115484,115502,115506,115516],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115469,115470,115472,115474,115476,115478,115480,115482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115471,15720],{"class":58},[52,115473,63],{"class":62},[52,115475,10577],{"class":66},[52,115477,71],{"class":70},[52,115479,74],{"class":66},[52,115481,77],{"class":70},[52,115483,9394],{"class":66},[52,115485,115486,115488,115490,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115487,15758],{"class":58},[52,115489,242],{"class":66},[52,115491,30559],{"class":108},[52,115493,1058],{"class":66},[52,115495,445],{"class":70},[52,115497,74],{"class":66},[52,115499,87],{"class":70},[52,115501,1858],{"class":66},[52,115503,115504],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115505,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115507,115508,115510,115512,115514],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115509,118],{"class":101},[52,115511,105],{"class":66},[52,115513,15758],{"class":108},[52,115515,112],{"class":66},[52,115517,115518],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115519,114100],{"class":129},[461,115521,115523],{"id":115522},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115525,739],{},[43,115527,115529],{"className":45,"code":115528,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115530,115531,115547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115532,115533,115535,115537,115539,115541,115543,115545],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115534,15720],{"class":58},[52,115536,63],{"class":62},[52,115538,10577],{"class":66},[52,115540,71],{"class":70},[52,115542,74],{"class":66},[52,115544,77],{"class":70},[52,115546,9394],{"class":66},[52,115548,115549,115551,115553,115555,115557,115559],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115550,15758],{"class":58},[52,115552,242],{"class":66},[52,115554,30559],{"class":108},[52,115556,105],{"class":66},[52,115558,265],{"class":70},[52,115560,112],{"class":66},[20,115562,62361,115563,8687,115565,115567],{},[15,115564,1979],{},[15,115566,265],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115569,1042],{},[43,115571,115573],{"className":45,"code":115572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115574,115575,115591,115605,115609,115619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115576,115577,115579,115581,115583,115585,115587,115589],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115578,15720],{"class":58},[52,115580,63],{"class":62},[52,115582,10577],{"class":66},[52,115584,71],{"class":70},[52,115586,74],{"class":66},[52,115588,77],{"class":70},[52,115590,9394],{"class":66},[52,115592,115593,115595,115597,115599,115601,115603],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115594,15758],{"class":58},[52,115596,242],{"class":66},[52,115598,30559],{"class":108},[52,115600,1058],{"class":66},[52,115602,265],{"class":70},[52,115604,1858],{"class":66},[52,115606,115607],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115608,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115610,115611,115613,115615,115617],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115612,118],{"class":101},[52,115614,105],{"class":66},[52,115616,15758],{"class":108},[52,115618,112],{"class":66},[52,115620,115621],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115622,115623],{"class":129},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115625,45998,115626,242],{},[236,115627,25774,115628],{"href":52681},[15,115629,115630],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[461,115632,115634],{"id":115633},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115636,115637],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[43,115639,115641],{"className":45,"code":115640,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115642,115643,115659,115685,115689,115699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115644,115645,115647,115649,115651,115653,115655,115657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115646,15720],{"class":58},[52,115648,63],{"class":62},[52,115650,10577],{"class":66},[52,115652,71],{"class":70},[52,115654,74],{"class":66},[52,115656,77],{"class":70},[52,115658,9394],{"class":66},[52,115660,115661,115663,115665,115667,115669,115671,115673,115675,115677,115679,115681,115683],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115662,15758],{"class":58},[52,115664,242],{"class":66},[52,115666,30559],{"class":108},[52,115668,1058],{"class":66},[52,115670,440],{"class":70},[52,115672,74],{"class":66},[52,115674,77],{"class":70},[52,115676,74],{"class":66},[52,115678,77],{"class":70},[52,115680,74],{"class":66},[52,115682,82],{"class":70},[52,115684,1858],{"class":66},[52,115686,115687],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115688,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115690,115691,115693,115695,115697],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115692,118],{"class":101},[52,115694,105],{"class":66},[52,115696,15758],{"class":108},[52,115698,112],{"class":66},[52,115700,115701],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115702,114801],{"class":129},[461,115704,115706,115707,44714,115709,115711],{"id":115705},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115708,15045],{},[15,115710,96274],{}," is better",[20,115713,115714,115715,115717],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115716,96274],{}," is usually the better choice.",[43,115719,115721],{"className":45,"code":115720,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115722,115723,115739,115757,115761,115771],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115724,115725,115727,115729,115731,115733,115735,115737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115726,15720],{"class":58},[52,115728,63],{"class":62},[52,115730,10577],{"class":66},[52,115732,757],{"class":756},[52,115734,58207],{"class":760},[52,115736,757],{"class":756},[52,115738,9394],{"class":66},[52,115740,115741,115743,115745,115747,115749,115751,115753,115755],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115742,15758],{"class":58},[52,115744,242],{"class":66},[52,115746,82179],{"class":108},[52,115748,105],{"class":66},[52,115750,757],{"class":756},[52,115752,37141],{"class":760},[52,115754,757],{"class":756},[52,115756,112],{"class":66},[52,115758,115759],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115760,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115762,115763,115765,115767,115769],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115764,118],{"class":101},[52,115766,105],{"class":66},[52,115768,15758],{"class":108},[52,115770,112],{"class":66},[52,115772,115773],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,115774,114961],{"class":129},[38,115776,1919],{"id":1918},[461,115778,12792,115780,97364],{"id":115779},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115781,97385],{},[20,115783,97367,115784,242],{},[15,115785,3878],{},[461,115787,28423,115788,32322],{"id":32319},[15,115789,15045],{},[20,115791,115792],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[461,115794,5270,115796,652,115798,1963],{"id":115795},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115797,96274],{},[15,115799,15045],{},[20,115801,115802,115804,115805,115807],{},[15,115803,96274],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115806,15045],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[461,115809,115811],{"id":115810},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115813,115814,115815,114810],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115816,15045],{},[461,115818,115820],{"id":115819},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115822,133,115823,11180,115825,242],{},[15,115824,102870],{},[15,115826,15045],{},[38,115828,1986],{"id":1985},[153,115830,115831,115838,115845,115851,115857],{},[156,115832,115833],{},[236,115834,115835],{"href":98571},[15,115836,115837],{},"Python set add() method",[156,115839,115840],{},[236,115841,115842],{"href":102867},[15,115843,115844],{},"Python set union() method",[156,115846,115847],{},[236,115848,115849],{"href":97954},[15,115850,97409],{},[156,115852,115853],{},[236,115854,115855],{"href":99148},[15,115856,100415],{},[156,115858,115859],{},[236,115860,115861,115863],{"href":52681},[15,115862,115630],{}," fix",[20,115865,115866,115867,115869,115870,115872],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115868,96279],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115871,108114],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[2029,115874,115875],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":115877},[115878,115879,115881,115882,115883,115884,115885,115886,115888,115893,115900,115909],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":114108,"depth":93,"text":115880},"What set.update() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":22064,"depth":93,"text":22065},{"id":114494,"depth":93,"text":114495},{"id":114597,"depth":93,"text":114598},{"id":114804,"depth":93,"text":114805},{"id":114964,"depth":93,"text":115887},"update() vs add()",{"id":115184,"depth":93,"text":115889,"children":115890},"update() vs union()",[115891,115892],{"id":30559,"depth":115,"text":15045},{"id":111340,"depth":115,"text":102870},{"id":115384,"depth":93,"text":115385,"children":115894},[115895,115896,115897,115898],{"id":115392,"depth":115,"text":115393},{"id":115522,"depth":115,"text":115523},{"id":115633,"depth":115,"text":115634},{"id":115705,"depth":115,"text":115899},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":115901},[115902,115904,115905,115907,115908],{"id":115779,"depth":115,"text":115903},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":32319,"depth":115,"text":32392},{"id":115795,"depth":115,"text":115906},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115810,"depth":115,"text":115811},{"id":115819,"depth":115,"text":115820},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":114020,"description":115910},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115916,"title":115917,"body":115918,"description":117684,"extension":2083,"meta":117685,"navigation":296,"path":13880,"seo":117686,"stem":117687,"__hash__":117688},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115919,"toc":117659},[115920,115923,115926,115929,115940,115948,115951,115953,116102,116114,116118,116135,116139,116147,116149,116160,116162,116259,116265,116268,116364,116373,116378,116382,116387,116389,116399,116401,116510,116518,116522,116525,116528,116545,116551,116631,116634,116638,116641,116645,116648,116707,116710,116714,116717,116809,116813,116816,116923,116927,116933,116961,116963,117045,117055,117059,117062,117073,117076,117161,117164,117169,117173,117176,117187,117190,117332,117335,117339,117342,117356,117359,117420,117426,117428,117431,117453,117456,117556,117559,117591,117593,117597,117600,117602,117605,117609,117612,117616,117619,117623,117626,117628,117656],[10,115921,115917],{"id":115922},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115924,115925],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115927,115928],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[153,115930,115931,115934,115937],{},[156,115932,115933],{},"a list inside another list",[156,115935,115936],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[156,115938,115939],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115941,100337,115942,652,115944,115947],{},[3842,115943,12939],{},[3842,115945,115946],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115949,115950],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[38,115952,41],{"id":40},[43,115954,115956],{"className":45,"code":115955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115957,115958,115965,115969,115995,116015,116035,116039,116057,116061,116074,116088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,115959,115960,115962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,115961,35189],{"class":1195},[52,115963,115964],{"class":58}," copy\n",[52,115966,115967],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,115968,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,115970,115971,115973,115975,115977,115979,115981,115983,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,115972,12173],{"class":58},[52,115974,63],{"class":62},[52,115976,885],{"class":66},[52,115978,71],{"class":70},[52,115980,74],{"class":66},[52,115982,77],{"class":70},[52,115984,894],{"class":66},[52,115986,67],{"class":66},[52,115988,445],{"class":70},[52,115990,74],{"class":66},[52,115992,87],{"class":70},[52,115994,905],{"class":66},[52,115996,115997,116000,116002,116005,116007,116009,116011,116013],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,115998,115999],{"class":58},"shallow ",[52,116001,63],{"class":62},[52,116003,116004],{"class":58}," copy",[52,116006,242],{"class":66},[52,116008,13000],{"class":108},[52,116010,105],{"class":66},[52,116012,12220],{"class":108},[52,116014,112],{"class":66},[52,116016,116017,116020,116022,116024,116026,116029,116031,116033],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,116018,116019],{"class":58},"deep ",[52,116021,63],{"class":62},[52,116023,116004],{"class":58},[52,116025,242],{"class":66},[52,116027,116028],{"class":108},"deepcopy",[52,116030,105],{"class":66},[52,116032,12220],{"class":108},[52,116034,112],{"class":66},[52,116036,116037],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,116038,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116040,116041,116043,116045,116047,116049,116051,116053,116055],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,116042,12220],{"class":58},[52,116044,3994],{"class":66},[52,116046,207],{"class":70},[52,116048,13640],{"class":66},[52,116050,13643],{"class":108},[52,116052,105],{"class":66},[52,116054,56426],{"class":70},[52,116056,112],{"class":66},[52,116058,116059],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,116060,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116062,116063,116065,116067,116069,116071],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,116064,118],{"class":101},[52,116066,105],{"class":66},[52,116068,12220],{"class":108},[52,116070,126],{"class":66},[52,116072,116073],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116075,116076,116078,116080,116083,116085],{"class":54,"line":6520},[52,116077,118],{"class":101},[52,116079,105],{"class":66},[52,116081,116082],{"class":108},"shallow",[52,116084,126],{"class":66},[52,116086,116087],{"class":129},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116089,116090,116092,116094,116097,116099],{"class":54,"line":11683},[52,116091,118],{"class":101},[52,116093,105],{"class":66},[52,116095,116096],{"class":108},"deep",[52,116098,126],{"class":66},[52,116100,116101],{"class":129},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116103,133,116104,116107,116108,652,116110,116113],{},[15,116105,116106],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3842,116109,12939],{},[15,116111,116112],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[38,116115,116117],{"id":116116},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[153,116119,116120,116123,116126,116129,116132],{},[156,116121,116122],{},"What a copy means in Python",[156,116124,116125],{},"How shallow copy works",[156,116127,116128],{},"How deep copy works",[156,116130,116131],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[156,116133,116134],{},"When to use each approach",[38,116136,116138],{"id":116137},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,116140,15280,116141,116143,116144,116146],{},[3842,116142,12939],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3842,116145,4722],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,116148,2226],{},[153,116150,116151,116154,116157],{},[156,116152,116153],{},"the outer container is new",[156,116155,116156],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[156,116158,116159],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,116161,2324],{},[43,116163,116165],{"className":45,"code":116164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,116166,116167,116193,116207,116211,116229,116233,116246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116168,116169,116171,116173,116175,116177,116179,116181,116183,116185,116187,116189,116191],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116170,12173],{"class":58},[52,116172,63],{"class":62},[52,116174,885],{"class":66},[52,116176,71],{"class":70},[52,116178,74],{"class":66},[52,116180,77],{"class":70},[52,116182,894],{"class":66},[52,116184,67],{"class":66},[52,116186,445],{"class":70},[52,116188,74],{"class":66},[52,116190,87],{"class":70},[52,116192,905],{"class":66},[52,116194,116195,116197,116199,116201,116203,116205],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,116196,14402],{"class":58},[52,116198,63],{"class":62},[52,116200,12248],{"class":58},[52,116202,242],{"class":66},[52,116204,13000],{"class":108},[52,116206,8729],{"class":66},[52,116208,116209],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116210,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116212,116213,116215,116217,116219,116221,116223,116225,116227],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,116214,14421],{"class":58},[52,116216,242],{"class":66},[52,116218,13643],{"class":108},[52,116220,1058],{"class":66},[52,116222,265],{"class":70},[52,116224,74],{"class":66},[52,116226,619],{"class":70},[52,116228,1858],{"class":66},[52,116230,116231],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,116232,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116234,116235,116237,116239,116241,116243],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,116236,118],{"class":101},[52,116238,105],{"class":66},[52,116240,12220],{"class":108},[52,116242,126],{"class":66},[52,116244,116245],{"class":129},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[52,116247,116248,116250,116252,116254,116256],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,116249,118],{"class":101},[52,116251,105],{"class":66},[52,116253,14421],{"class":108},[52,116255,126],{"class":66},[52,116257,116258],{"class":129},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,116260,116261,116262,116264],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,116263,14421],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,116266,116267],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[43,116269,116271],{"className":45,"code":116270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116272,116273,116299,116313,116317,116335,116339,116351],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116274,116275,116277,116279,116281,116283,116285,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116297],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116276,12173],{"class":58},[52,116278,63],{"class":62},[52,116280,885],{"class":66},[52,116282,71],{"class":70},[52,116284,74],{"class":66},[52,116286,77],{"class":70},[52,116288,894],{"class":66},[52,116290,67],{"class":66},[52,116292,445],{"class":70},[52,116294,74],{"class":66},[52,116296,87],{"class":70},[52,116298,905],{"class":66},[52,116300,116301,116303,116305,116307,116309,116311],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,116302,14402],{"class":58},[52,116304,63],{"class":62},[52,116306,12248],{"class":58},[52,116308,242],{"class":66},[52,116310,13000],{"class":108},[52,116312,8729],{"class":66},[52,116314,116315],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116316,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116318,116319,116321,116323,116325,116327,116329,116331,116333],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,116320,14421],{"class":58},[52,116322,3994],{"class":66},[52,116324,207],{"class":70},[52,116326,13640],{"class":66},[52,116328,13643],{"class":108},[52,116330,105],{"class":66},[52,116332,56426],{"class":70},[52,116334,112],{"class":66},[52,116336,116337],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,116338,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116340,116341,116343,116345,116347,116349],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,116342,118],{"class":101},[52,116344,105],{"class":66},[52,116346,12220],{"class":108},[52,116348,126],{"class":66},[52,116350,116073],{"class":129},[52,116352,116353,116355,116357,116359,116361],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,116354,118],{"class":101},[52,116356,105],{"class":66},[52,116358,14421],{"class":108},[52,116360,126],{"class":66},[52,116362,116363],{"class":129},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,116365,116366,116367,652,116369,116372],{},"Both changed because ",[15,116368,56530],{},[15,116370,116371],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,116374,116375,116376,242],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[236,116377,44020],{"href":12152},[38,116379,116381],{"id":116380},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,116383,15280,116384,116386],{},[3842,116385,115946],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,116388,2226],{},[153,116390,116391,116393,116396],{},[156,116392,116153],{},[156,116394,116395],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[156,116397,116398],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,116400,2324],{},[43,116402,116404],{"className":45,"code":116403,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,116405,116406,116412,116416,116442,116460,116464,116482,116486,116498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116407,116408,116410],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116409,35189],{"class":1195},[52,116411,115964],{"class":58},[52,116413,116414],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,116415,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116417,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116419,12173],{"class":58},[52,116421,63],{"class":62},[52,116423,885],{"class":66},[52,116425,71],{"class":70},[52,116427,74],{"class":66},[52,116429,77],{"class":70},[52,116431,894],{"class":66},[52,116433,67],{"class":66},[52,116435,445],{"class":70},[52,116437,74],{"class":66},[52,116439,87],{"class":70},[52,116441,905],{"class":66},[52,116443,116444,116446,116448,116450,116452,116454,116456,116458],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,116445,14402],{"class":58},[52,116447,63],{"class":62},[52,116449,116004],{"class":58},[52,116451,242],{"class":66},[52,116453,116028],{"class":108},[52,116455,105],{"class":66},[52,116457,12220],{"class":108},[52,116459,112],{"class":66},[52,116461,116462],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,116463,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116465,116466,116468,116470,116472,116474,116476,116478,116480],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,116467,14421],{"class":58},[52,116469,3994],{"class":66},[52,116471,207],{"class":70},[52,116473,13640],{"class":66},[52,116475,13643],{"class":108},[52,116477,105],{"class":66},[52,116479,56426],{"class":70},[52,116481,112],{"class":66},[52,116483,116484],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,116485,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116487,116488,116490,116492,116494,116496],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,116489,118],{"class":101},[52,116491,105],{"class":66},[52,116493,12220],{"class":108},[52,116495,126],{"class":66},[52,116497,116245],{"class":129},[52,116499,116500,116502,116504,116506,116508],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,116501,118],{"class":101},[52,116503,105],{"class":66},[52,116505,14421],{"class":108},[52,116507,126],{"class":66},[52,116509,116363],{"class":129},[20,116511,116512,116513,116515,116516,242],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116514,116371],{}," does not change ",[15,116517,56530],{},[38,116519,116521],{"id":116520},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116523,116524],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116526,116527],{},"Common reasons:",[153,116529,116530,116533,116536,116542],{},[156,116531,116532],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[156,116534,116535],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[156,116537,116538,116539,116541],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116540,63],{}," does not make a copy",[156,116543,116544],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116546,116547,116548,116550],{},"For example, this does ",[3842,116549,4722],{}," create a copy:",[43,116552,116554],{"className":45,"code":116553,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116555,116556,116576,116584,116588,116602,116606,116618],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116557,116558,116560,116562,116564,116566,116568,116570,116572,116574],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116559,12173],{"class":58},[52,116561,63],{"class":62},[52,116563,67],{"class":66},[52,116565,71],{"class":70},[52,116567,74],{"class":66},[52,116569,77],{"class":70},[52,116571,74],{"class":66},[52,116573,82],{"class":70},[52,116575,90],{"class":66},[52,116577,116578,116580,116582],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,116579,14402],{"class":58},[52,116581,63],{"class":62},[52,116583,12211],{"class":58},[52,116585,116586],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116587,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116589,116590,116592,116594,116596,116598,116600],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,116591,14421],{"class":58},[52,116593,242],{"class":66},[52,116595,13643],{"class":108},[52,116597,105],{"class":66},[52,116599,1595],{"class":70},[52,116601,112],{"class":66},[52,116603,116604],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,116605,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116607,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,116609,118],{"class":101},[52,116611,105],{"class":66},[52,116613,12220],{"class":108},[52,116615,126],{"class":66},[52,116617,55781],{"class":129},[52,116619,116620,116622,116624,116626,116628],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,116621,118],{"class":101},[52,116623,105],{"class":66},[52,116625,14421],{"class":108},[52,116627,126],{"class":66},[52,116629,116630],{"class":129},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116632,116633],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[38,116635,116637],{"id":116636},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116639,116640],{},"These three ideas are different.",[461,116642,116644],{"id":116643},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116646,116647],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[43,116649,116651],{"className":45,"code":116650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116652,116653,116679,116687,116691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116654,116655,116657,116659,116661,116663,116665,116667,116669,116671,116673,116675,116677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116656,12173],{"class":58},[52,116658,63],{"class":62},[52,116660,885],{"class":66},[52,116662,71],{"class":70},[52,116664,74],{"class":66},[52,116666,77],{"class":70},[52,116668,894],{"class":66},[52,116670,67],{"class":66},[52,116672,445],{"class":70},[52,116674,74],{"class":66},[52,116676,87],{"class":70},[52,116678,905],{"class":66},[52,116680,116681,116683,116685],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,116682,14193],{"class":58},[52,116684,63],{"class":62},[52,116686,12211],{"class":58},[52,116688,116689],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116690,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116692,116693,116695,116697,116699,116701,116703,116705],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,116694,118],{"class":101},[52,116696,105],{"class":66},[52,116698,12173],{"class":108},[52,116700,12281],{"class":1195},[52,116702,14261],{"class":108},[52,116704,126],{"class":66},[52,116706,3765],{"class":129},[20,116708,116709],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[461,116711,116713],{"id":116712},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116715,116716],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[43,116718,116720],{"className":45,"code":116719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116721,116722,116748,116762,116766,116783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116723,116724,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744,116746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116725,12173],{"class":58},[52,116727,63],{"class":62},[52,116729,885],{"class":66},[52,116731,71],{"class":70},[52,116733,74],{"class":66},[52,116735,77],{"class":70},[52,116737,894],{"class":66},[52,116739,67],{"class":66},[52,116741,445],{"class":70},[52,116743,74],{"class":66},[52,116745,87],{"class":70},[52,116747,905],{"class":66},[52,116749,116750,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,116751,115999],{"class":58},[52,116753,63],{"class":62},[52,116755,12248],{"class":58},[52,116757,242],{"class":66},[52,116759,13000],{"class":108},[52,116761,8729],{"class":66},[52,116763,116764],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116765,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116767,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776,116779,116781],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,116769,118],{"class":101},[52,116771,105],{"class":66},[52,116773,12173],{"class":108},[52,116775,12281],{"class":1195},[52,116777,116778],{"class":108}," shallow",[52,116780,126],{"class":66},[52,116782,21295],{"class":129},[52,116784,116785,116787,116789,116791,116793,116795,116797,116799,116801,116803,116805,116807],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,116786,118],{"class":101},[52,116788,105],{"class":66},[52,116790,12220],{"class":108},[52,116792,3994],{"class":66},[52,116794,207],{"class":70},[52,116796,13363],{"class":66},[52,116798,8182],{"class":1195},[52,116800,116778],{"class":108},[52,116802,3994],{"class":66},[52,116804,207],{"class":70},[52,116806,20540],{"class":66},[52,116808,3765],{"class":129},[461,116810,116812],{"id":116811},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116814,116815],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[43,116817,116819],{"className":45,"code":116818,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116820,116821,116827,116831,116857,116875,116879,116897],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116822,116823,116825],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116824,35189],{"class":1195},[52,116826,115964],{"class":58},[52,116828,116829],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,116830,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116832,116833,116835,116837,116839,116841,116843,116845,116847,116849,116851,116853,116855],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116834,12173],{"class":58},[52,116836,63],{"class":62},[52,116838,885],{"class":66},[52,116840,71],{"class":70},[52,116842,74],{"class":66},[52,116844,77],{"class":70},[52,116846,894],{"class":66},[52,116848,67],{"class":66},[52,116850,445],{"class":70},[52,116852,74],{"class":66},[52,116854,87],{"class":70},[52,116856,905],{"class":66},[52,116858,116859,116861,116863,116865,116867,116869,116871,116873],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,116860,116019],{"class":58},[52,116862,63],{"class":62},[52,116864,116004],{"class":58},[52,116866,242],{"class":66},[52,116868,116028],{"class":108},[52,116870,105],{"class":66},[52,116872,12220],{"class":108},[52,116874,112],{"class":66},[52,116876,116877],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,116878,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116880,116881,116883,116885,116887,116889,116892,116894],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,116882,118],{"class":101},[52,116884,105],{"class":66},[52,116886,12173],{"class":108},[52,116888,12281],{"class":1195},[52,116890,116891],{"class":108}," deep",[52,116893,126],{"class":66},[52,116895,116896],{"class":129},"         # False\n",[52,116898,116899,116901,116903,116905,116907,116909,116911,116913,116915,116917,116919,116921],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,116900,118],{"class":101},[52,116902,105],{"class":66},[52,116904,12220],{"class":108},[52,116906,3994],{"class":66},[52,116908,207],{"class":70},[52,116910,13363],{"class":66},[52,116912,8182],{"class":1195},[52,116914,116891],{"class":108},[52,116916,3994],{"class":66},[52,116918,207],{"class":70},[52,116920,20540],{"class":66},[52,116922,43956],{"class":129},[38,116924,116926],{"id":116925},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116928,116929,116930,1772],{},"These all make ",[3842,116931,116932],{},"shallow copies",[153,116934,116935,116939,116943,116948,116954],{},[156,116936,116937],{},[15,116938,55681],{},[156,116940,116941],{},[15,116942,12522],{},[156,116944,116945],{},[15,116946,116947],{},"set.copy()",[156,116949,116950,116951],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116952,116953],{},"my_list[:]",[156,116955,116956,116958,116959,35179],{},[15,116957,116106],{}," from the ",[15,116960,13000],{},[20,116962,2244],{},[43,116964,116966],{"className":45,"code":116965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116967,116968,116988,116992,117006,117017,117021,117033],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,116969,116970,116972,116974,116976,116978,116980,116982,116984,116986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,116971,59],{"class":58},[52,116973,63],{"class":62},[52,116975,67],{"class":66},[52,116977,71],{"class":70},[52,116979,74],{"class":66},[52,116981,77],{"class":70},[52,116983,74],{"class":66},[52,116985,82],{"class":70},[52,116987,90],{"class":66},[52,116989,116990],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,116991,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,116993,116994,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,116995,2668],{"class":58},[52,116997,63],{"class":62},[52,116999,1686],{"class":58},[52,117001,242],{"class":66},[52,117003,13000],{"class":108},[52,117005,8729],{"class":66},[52,117007,117008,117010,117012,117014],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,117009,2696],{"class":58},[52,117011,63],{"class":62},[52,117013,1686],{"class":58},[52,117015,117016],{"class":66},"[:]\n",[52,117018,117019],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,117020,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117022,117023,117025,117027,117029,117031],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,117024,118],{"class":101},[52,117026,105],{"class":66},[52,117028,236],{"class":108},[52,117030,126],{"class":66},[52,117032,55012],{"class":129},[52,117034,117035,117037,117039,117041,117043],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,117036,118],{"class":101},[52,117038,105],{"class":66},[52,117040,4853],{"class":108},[52,117042,126],{"class":66},[52,117044,55012],{"class":129},[20,117046,73214,117047,47617,117051,242],{},[236,117048,117049,10828],{"href":55040},[15,117050,55681],{},[236,117052,117053,10828],{"href":12519},[15,117054,12522],{},[38,117056,117058],{"id":117057},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,117060,117061],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[153,117063,117064,117067,117070],{},[156,117065,117066],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[156,117068,117069],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[156,117071,117072],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,117074,117075],{},"Example with a flat list:",[43,117077,117079],{"className":45,"code":117078,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,117080,117081,117101,117115,117119,117133,117137,117149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117082,117083,117085,117087,117089,117091,117093,117095,117097,117099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117084,12173],{"class":58},[52,117086,63],{"class":62},[52,117088,67],{"class":66},[52,117090,71],{"class":70},[52,117092,74],{"class":66},[52,117094,77],{"class":70},[52,117096,74],{"class":66},[52,117098,82],{"class":70},[52,117100,90],{"class":66},[52,117102,117103,117105,117107,117109,117111,117113],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,117104,14402],{"class":58},[52,117106,63],{"class":62},[52,117108,12248],{"class":58},[52,117110,242],{"class":66},[52,117112,13000],{"class":108},[52,117114,8729],{"class":66},[52,117116,117117],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117118,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117120,117121,117123,117125,117127,117129,117131],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,117122,14421],{"class":58},[52,117124,242],{"class":66},[52,117126,13643],{"class":108},[52,117128,105],{"class":66},[52,117130,1595],{"class":70},[52,117132,112],{"class":66},[52,117134,117135],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,117136,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117138,117139,117141,117143,117145,117147],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,117140,118],{"class":101},[52,117142,105],{"class":66},[52,117144,12220],{"class":108},[52,117146,126],{"class":66},[52,117148,55012],{"class":129},[52,117150,117151,117153,117155,117157,117159],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,117152,118],{"class":101},[52,117154,105],{"class":66},[52,117156,14421],{"class":108},[52,117158,126],{"class":66},[52,117160,116630],{"class":129},[20,117162,117163],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,117165,117166,117167,242],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[236,117168,14979],{"href":57299},[38,117170,117172],{"id":117171},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,117174,117175],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[153,117177,117178,117181,117184],{},[156,117179,117180],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[156,117182,117183],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[156,117185,117186],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,117188,117189],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[43,117191,117193],{"className":45,"code":117192,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,117194,117195,117201,117205,117231,117245,117263,117267,117289,117293,117306,117319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117196,117197,117199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117198,35189],{"class":1195},[52,117200,115964],{"class":58},[52,117202,117203],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,117204,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117206,117207,117209,117211,117213,117215,117217,117219,117221,117223,117225,117227,117229],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117208,12173],{"class":58},[52,117210,63],{"class":62},[52,117212,10577],{"class":66},[52,117214,757],{"class":756},[52,117216,16481],{"class":760},[52,117218,757],{"class":756},[52,117220,1772],{"class":66},[52,117222,67],{"class":66},[52,117224,430],{"class":70},[52,117226,74],{"class":66},[52,117228,7874],{"class":70},[52,117230,13796],{"class":66},[52,117232,117233,117235,117237,117239,117241,117243],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,117234,115999],{"class":58},[52,117236,63],{"class":62},[52,117238,12248],{"class":58},[52,117240,242],{"class":66},[52,117242,13000],{"class":108},[52,117244,8729],{"class":66},[52,117246,117247,117249,117251,117253,117255,117257,117259,117261],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,117248,116019],{"class":58},[52,117250,63],{"class":62},[52,117252,116004],{"class":58},[52,117254,242],{"class":66},[52,117256,116028],{"class":108},[52,117258,105],{"class":66},[52,117260,12220],{"class":108},[52,117262,112],{"class":66},[52,117264,117265],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,117266,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117268,117269,117271,117273,117275,117277,117279,117281,117283,117285,117287],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,117270,12220],{"class":58},[52,117272,3994],{"class":66},[52,117274,757],{"class":756},[52,117276,16481],{"class":760},[52,117278,757],{"class":756},[52,117280,13640],{"class":66},[52,117282,13643],{"class":108},[52,117284,105],{"class":66},[52,117286,36935],{"class":70},[52,117288,112],{"class":66},[52,117290,117291],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,117292,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117294,117295,117297,117299,117301,117303],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,117296,118],{"class":101},[52,117298,105],{"class":66},[52,117300,12220],{"class":108},[52,117302,126],{"class":66},[52,117304,117305],{"class":129},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117307,117308,117310,117312,117314,117316],{"class":54,"line":6520},[52,117309,118],{"class":101},[52,117311,105],{"class":66},[52,117313,116082],{"class":108},[52,117315,126],{"class":66},[52,117317,117318],{"class":129},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[52,117320,117321,117323,117325,117327,117329],{"class":54,"line":11683},[52,117322,118],{"class":101},[52,117324,105],{"class":66},[52,117326,116096],{"class":108},[52,117328,126],{"class":66},[52,117330,117331],{"class":129},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,117333,117334],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[38,117336,117338],{"id":117337},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,117340,117341],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[153,117343,117344,117347,117350,117353],{},[156,117345,117346],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[156,117348,117349],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[156,117351,117352],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[156,117354,117355],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,117357,117358],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[43,117360,117362],{"className":45,"code":117361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,117363,117364,117372,117380,117384,117392,117396,117408],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117365,117366,117368,117370],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117367,2668],{"class":58},[52,117369,63],{"class":62},[52,117371,2701],{"class":70},[52,117373,117374,117376,117378],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,117375,2696],{"class":58},[52,117377,63],{"class":62},[52,117379,36271],{"class":58},[52,117381,117382],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117383,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117385,117386,117388,117390],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,117387,2696],{"class":58},[52,117389,63],{"class":62},[52,117391,14705],{"class":70},[52,117393,117394],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,117395,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117397,117398,117400,117402,117404,117406],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,117399,118],{"class":101},[52,117401,105],{"class":66},[52,117403,236],{"class":108},[52,117405,126],{"class":66},[52,117407,130],{"class":129},[52,117409,117410,117412,117414,117416,117418],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,117411,118],{"class":101},[52,117413,105],{"class":66},[52,117415,4853],{"class":108},[52,117417,126],{"class":66},[52,117419,27710],{"class":129},[20,117421,93579,117422,117425],{},[236,117423,117424],{"href":12152},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[38,117427,1766],{"id":1765},[20,117429,117430],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[153,117432,117433,117437,117442,117447,117450],{},[156,117434,1372,117435,56863],{},[15,117436,63],{},[156,117438,1372,117439,117441],{},[15,117440,55681],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[156,117443,1372,117444,117446],{},[15,117445,12522],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[156,117448,117449],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[156,117451,117452],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,117454,117455],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[43,117457,117459],{"className":45,"code":117458,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,117460,117461,117475,117489,117511,117542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117462,117463,117465,117467,117469,117471,117473],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117464,118],{"class":101},[52,117466,105],{"class":66},[52,117468,12173],{"class":108},[52,117470,12281],{"class":1195},[52,117472,14475],{"class":108},[52,117474,112],{"class":66},[52,117476,117477,117479,117481,117483,117485,117487],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,117478,118],{"class":101},[52,117480,105],{"class":66},[52,117482,12173],{"class":108},[52,117484,4780],{"class":62},[52,117486,14475],{"class":108},[52,117488,112],{"class":66},[52,117490,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505,117507,117509],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117492,118],{"class":101},[52,117494,105],{"class":66},[52,117496,12737],{"class":101},[52,117498,105],{"class":66},[52,117500,12220],{"class":108},[52,117502,9318],{"class":66},[52,117504,14907],{"class":101},[52,117506,105],{"class":66},[52,117508,14421],{"class":108},[52,117510,510],{"class":66},[52,117512,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525,117527,117530,117532,117534,117536,117538,117540],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,117514,118],{"class":101},[52,117516,105],{"class":66},[52,117518,12737],{"class":101},[52,117520,105],{"class":66},[52,117522,12220],{"class":108},[52,117524,3994],{"class":66},[52,117526,207],{"class":70},[52,117528,117529],{"class":66},"]),",[52,117531,14907],{"class":101},[52,117533,105],{"class":66},[52,117535,14421],{"class":108},[52,117537,3994],{"class":66},[52,117539,207],{"class":70},[52,117541,1063],{"class":66},[52,117543,117544,117546,117548,117550,117552,117554],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,117545,118],{"class":101},[52,117547,105],{"class":66},[52,117549,1827],{"class":1184},[52,117551,105],{"class":66},[52,117553,12220],{"class":108},[52,117555,510],{"class":66},[20,117557,117558],{},"What they tell you:",[153,117560,117561,117566,117571,117576,117586],{},[156,117562,117563,117565],{},[15,117564,12281],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[156,117567,117568,117570],{},[15,117569,4780],{}," checks whether values are equal",[156,117572,117573,117575],{},[15,117574,43572],{}," shows the identity of an object",[156,117577,117578,117579,652,117582,117585],{},"comparing ",[15,117580,117581],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117583,117584],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[156,117587,117588,117590],{},[15,117589,2420],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[38,117592,1919],{"id":1918},[461,117594,117596],{"id":117595},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117598,117599],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[461,117601,57349],{"id":57264},[20,117603,117604],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[461,117606,117608],{"id":117607},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117610,117611],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[461,117613,117615],{"id":117614},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117617,117618],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[461,117620,117622],{"id":117621},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117624,117625],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[38,117627,1986],{"id":1985},[153,117629,117630,117635,117641,117647,117651],{},[156,117631,117632],{},[236,117633,117634],{"href":12152},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[156,117636,117637],{},[236,117638,13,117639,10828],{"href":55040},[15,117640,55681],{},[156,117642,117643],{},[236,117644,13,117645,10828],{"href":12519},[15,117646,12522],{},[156,117648,117649],{},[236,117650,15056],{"href":57299},[156,117652,117653],{},[236,117654,117655],{"href":58574},"What is a list in Python?",[2029,117657,117658],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":117660},[117661,117662,117663,117664,117665,117666,117671,117672,117673,117674,117675,117676,117683],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":116116,"depth":93,"text":116117},{"id":116137,"depth":93,"text":116138},{"id":116380,"depth":93,"text":116381},{"id":116520,"depth":93,"text":116521},{"id":116636,"depth":93,"text":116637,"children":117667},[117668,117669,117670],{"id":116643,"depth":115,"text":116644},{"id":116712,"depth":115,"text":116713},{"id":116811,"depth":115,"text":116812},{"id":116925,"depth":93,"text":116926},{"id":117057,"depth":93,"text":117058},{"id":117171,"depth":93,"text":117172},{"id":117337,"depth":93,"text":117338},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":117677},[117678,117679,117680,117681,117682],{"id":117595,"depth":115,"text":117596},{"id":57264,"depth":115,"text":57349},{"id":117607,"depth":115,"text":117608},{"id":117614,"depth":115,"text":117615},{"id":117621,"depth":115,"text":117622},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115917,"description":117684},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117690,"title":117691,"body":117692,"description":119548,"extension":2083,"meta":119549,"navigation":296,"path":119550,"seo":119551,"stem":119552,"__hash__":119553},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117693,"toc":119506},[117694,117699,117704,117712,117714,117782,117787,117792,117807,117810,117812,117843,117845,117865,117868,117883,117885,117888,117961,117963,118008,118010,118021,118026,118030,118035,118038,118077,118079,118099,118102,118159,118161,118196,118199,118238,118240,118260,118263,118294,118296,118352,118354,118359,118430,118432,118465,118470,118475,118540,118542,118579,118582,118659,118661,118721,118728,118733,118736,118739,118820,118822,118863,118868,118871,118949,118951,118984,118993,119000,119003,119014,119017,119028,119032,119040,119049,119053,119058,119062,119067,119110,119113,119119,119122,119124,119171,119176,119180,119183,119232,119234,119255,119258,119260,119285,119288,119409,119414,119416,119421,119424,119429,119432,119440,119445,119452,119455,119462,119465,119467,119503],[10,117695,13,117697,18],{"id":117696},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117698,74498],{},[20,117700,117701,117703],{},[15,117702,74498],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117705,117706,117707,2305,117709,117711],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117708,77940],{},[15,117710,74498],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[38,117713,3712],{"id":3711},[43,117715,117717],{"className":45,"code":117716,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117718,117719,117739,117753,117757,117769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117720,117721,117723,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117722,59],{"class":58},[52,117724,63],{"class":62},[52,117726,67],{"class":66},[52,117728,445],{"class":70},[52,117730,74],{"class":66},[52,117732,5586],{"class":70},[52,117734,74],{"class":66},[52,117736,77],{"class":70},[52,117738,90],{"class":66},[52,117740,117741,117743,117745,117747,117749,117751],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,117742,2347],{"class":58},[52,117744,63],{"class":62},[52,117746,74632],{"class":101},[52,117748,105],{"class":66},[52,117750,109],{"class":108},[52,117752,112],{"class":66},[52,117754,117755],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117756,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117758,117759,117761,117763,117765,117767],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,117760,118],{"class":101},[52,117762,105],{"class":66},[52,117764,2382],{"class":108},[52,117766,126],{"class":66},[52,117768,55768],{"class":129},[52,117770,117771,117773,117775,117777,117779],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,117772,118],{"class":101},[52,117774,105],{"class":66},[52,117776,109],{"class":108},[52,117778,126],{"class":66},[52,117780,117781],{"class":129},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117783,117784,117786],{},[15,117785,74498],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[38,117788,140,117790,143],{"id":117789},"what-sorted-does",[15,117791,74498],{},[153,117793,117794,117798,117801,117804],{},[156,117795,117796,63002],{},[15,117797,74498],{},[156,117799,117800],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[156,117802,117803],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[156,117805,117806],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117808,117809],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[38,117811,181],{"id":180},[43,117813,117815],{"className":45,"code":117814,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117816,117817],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117818,117819,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117820,74588],{"class":101},[52,117822,105],{"class":66},[52,117824,196],{"class":108},[52,117826,74],{"class":66},[52,117828,21674],{"class":201},[52,117830,63],{"class":62},[52,117832,3878],{"class":674},[52,117834,74],{"class":66},[52,117836,78143],{"class":201},[52,117838,63],{"class":62},[52,117840,655],{"class":674},[52,117842,112],{"class":66},[461,117844,17488],{"id":17487},[153,117846,117847,117852,117857],{},[156,117848,117849,117851],{},[15,117850,196],{},": the values to sort",[156,117853,117854,117856],{},[15,117855,14932],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[156,117858,117859,117861,117862,117864],{},[15,117860,73651],{},": set to ",[15,117863,173],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117866,117867],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[43,117869,117871],{"className":45,"code":117870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117872,117873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117874,117875,117877,117879,117881],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117876,74588],{"class":101},[52,117878,105],{"class":66},[52,117880,60387],{"class":108},[52,117882,112],{"class":66},[38,117884,246],{"id":245},[20,117886,117887],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[43,117889,117891],{"className":45,"code":117890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117892,117893,117917,117921,117936,117940,117951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117894,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117896,59],{"class":58},[52,117898,63],{"class":62},[52,117900,67],{"class":66},[52,117902,265],{"class":70},[52,117904,74],{"class":66},[52,117906,77],{"class":70},[52,117908,74],{"class":66},[52,117910,6445],{"class":70},[52,117912,74],{"class":66},[52,117914,5586],{"class":70},[52,117916,90],{"class":66},[52,117918,117919],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,117920,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117922,117923,117926,117928,117930,117932,117934],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,117924,117925],{"class":58},"sorted_numbers ",[52,117927,63],{"class":62},[52,117929,74632],{"class":101},[52,117931,105],{"class":66},[52,117933,109],{"class":108},[52,117935,112],{"class":66},[52,117937,117938],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,117939,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,117941,117942,117944,117946,117949],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,117943,118],{"class":101},[52,117945,105],{"class":66},[52,117947,117948],{"class":108},"sorted_numbers",[52,117950,112],{"class":66},[52,117952,117953,117955,117957,117959],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,117954,118],{"class":101},[52,117956,105],{"class":66},[52,117958,109],{"class":108},[52,117960,112],{"class":66},[20,117962,311],{},[43,117964,117966],{"className":45,"code":117965,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117967,117968,117988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,117969,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982,117984,117986],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,117971,3994],{"class":66},[52,117973,71],{"class":70},[52,117975,74],{"class":66},[52,117977,77],{"class":70},[52,117979,74],{"class":66},[52,117981,4696],{"class":70},[52,117983,74],{"class":66},[52,117985,6445],{"class":70},[52,117987,90],{"class":66},[52,117989,117990,117992,117994,117996,117998,118000,118002,118004,118006],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,117991,3994],{"class":66},[52,117993,265],{"class":70},[52,117995,74],{"class":66},[52,117997,77],{"class":70},[52,117999,74],{"class":66},[52,118001,6445],{"class":70},[52,118003,74],{"class":66},[52,118005,5586],{"class":70},[52,118007,90],{"class":66},[20,118009,13853],{},[153,118011,118012,118017],{},[156,118013,118014,118016],{},[15,118015,117948],{}," is a new sorted list",[156,118018,118019,112554],{},[15,118020,109],{},[20,118022,118023,118024,242],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[236,118025,78450],{"href":78449},[38,118027,118029],{"id":118028},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,118031,118032,118034],{},[15,118033,74498],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[461,118036,118037],{"id":8179},"List",[43,118039,118041],{"className":45,"code":118040,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,118042,118043,118063],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118044,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057,118059,118061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118046,59],{"class":58},[52,118048,63],{"class":62},[52,118050,67],{"class":66},[52,118052,445],{"class":70},[52,118054,74],{"class":66},[52,118056,5586],{"class":70},[52,118058,74],{"class":66},[52,118060,77],{"class":70},[52,118062,90],{"class":66},[52,118064,118065,118067,118069,118071,118073,118075],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118066,118],{"class":101},[52,118068,105],{"class":66},[52,118070,74588],{"class":101},[52,118072,105],{"class":66},[52,118074,109],{"class":108},[52,118076,510],{"class":66},[20,118078,311],{},[43,118080,118081],{"className":45,"code":55230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118082,118083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118084,118085,118087,118089,118091,118093,118095,118097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118086,3994],{"class":66},[52,118088,71],{"class":70},[52,118090,74],{"class":66},[52,118092,77],{"class":70},[52,118094,74],{"class":66},[52,118096,82],{"class":70},[52,118098,90],{"class":66},[461,118100,118101],{"id":49036},"Tuple",[43,118103,118105],{"className":45,"code":118104,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,118106,118107,118127,118141],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118108,118109,118111,118113,118115,118117,118119,118121,118123,118125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118110,474],{"class":58},[52,118112,63],{"class":62},[52,118114,9321],{"class":66},[52,118116,445],{"class":70},[52,118118,74],{"class":66},[52,118120,5586],{"class":70},[52,118122,74],{"class":66},[52,118124,77],{"class":70},[52,118126,112],{"class":66},[52,118128,118129,118131,118133,118135,118137,118139],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118130,118],{"class":101},[52,118132,105],{"class":66},[52,118134,74588],{"class":101},[52,118136,105],{"class":66},[52,118138,507],{"class":108},[52,118140,510],{"class":66},[52,118142,118143,118145,118147,118149,118151,118153,118155,118157],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118144,118],{"class":101},[52,118146,105],{"class":66},[52,118148,1827],{"class":1184},[52,118150,105],{"class":66},[52,118152,74588],{"class":101},[52,118154,105],{"class":66},[52,118156,507],{"class":108},[52,118158,622],{"class":66},[20,118160,311],{},[43,118162,118164],{"className":45,"code":118163,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,118165,118166,118182],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118167,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176,118178,118180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118169,3994],{"class":66},[52,118171,71],{"class":70},[52,118173,74],{"class":66},[52,118175,77],{"class":70},[52,118177,74],{"class":66},[52,118179,82],{"class":70},[52,118181,90],{"class":66},[52,118183,118184,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118185,3395],{"class":62},[52,118187,3398],{"class":2184},[52,118189,3401],{"class":756},[52,118191,8179],{"class":760},[52,118193,3406],{"class":756},[52,118195,3409],{"class":62},[461,118197,118198],{"id":6372},"Set",[43,118200,118202],{"className":45,"code":118201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118203,118204,118224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118205,118206,118208,118210,118212,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118207,474],{"class":58},[52,118209,63],{"class":62},[52,118211,10577],{"class":66},[52,118213,445],{"class":70},[52,118215,74],{"class":66},[52,118217,5586],{"class":70},[52,118219,74],{"class":66},[52,118221,77],{"class":70},[52,118223,9394],{"class":66},[52,118225,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118227,118],{"class":101},[52,118229,105],{"class":66},[52,118231,74588],{"class":101},[52,118233,105],{"class":66},[52,118235,507],{"class":108},[52,118237,510],{"class":66},[20,118239,311],{},[43,118241,118242],{"className":45,"code":55230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118243,118244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118245,118246,118248,118250,118252,118254,118256,118258],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118247,3994],{"class":66},[52,118249,71],{"class":70},[52,118251,74],{"class":66},[52,118253,77],{"class":70},[52,118255,74],{"class":66},[52,118257,82],{"class":70},[52,118259,90],{"class":66},[461,118261,118262],{"id":61250},"String",[43,118264,118266],{"className":45,"code":118265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,118267,118268,118280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118269,118270,118272,118274,118276,118278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118271,34785],{"class":58},[52,118273,63],{"class":62},[52,118275,768],{"class":756},[52,118277,47],{"class":760},[52,118279,3465],{"class":756},[52,118281,118282,118284,118286,118288,118290,118292],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118283,118],{"class":101},[52,118285,105],{"class":66},[52,118287,74588],{"class":101},[52,118289,105],{"class":66},[52,118291,34806],{"class":108},[52,118293,510],{"class":66},[20,118295,311],{},[43,118297,118298],{"className":45,"code":79467,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118299,118300],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118301,118302,118304,118306,118308,118310,118312,118314,118316,118318,118320,118322,118324,118326,118328,118330,118332,118334,118336,118338,118340,118342,118344,118346,118348,118350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118303,3994],{"class":66},[52,118305,3406],{"class":756},[52,118307,1423],{"class":760},[52,118309,3406],{"class":756},[52,118311,74],{"class":66},[52,118313,3401],{"class":756},[52,118315,1441],{"class":760},[52,118317,3406],{"class":756},[52,118319,74],{"class":66},[52,118321,3401],{"class":756},[52,118323,1432],{"class":760},[52,118325,3406],{"class":756},[52,118327,74],{"class":66},[52,118329,3401],{"class":756},[52,118331,20],{"class":760},[52,118333,3406],{"class":756},[52,118335,74],{"class":66},[52,118337,3401],{"class":756},[52,118339,1414],{"class":760},[52,118341,3406],{"class":756},[52,118343,74],{"class":66},[52,118345,3401],{"class":756},[52,118347,1405],{"class":760},[52,118349,3406],{"class":756},[52,118351,90],{"class":66},[461,118353,29318],{"id":15696},[20,118355,63615,118356,118358],{},[15,118357,74498],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[43,118360,118362],{"className":45,"code":118361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,118363,118364,118416],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118365,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380,118382,118384,118386,118388,118390,118392,118394,118396,118398,118400,118402,118404,118406,118408,118410,118412,118414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118367,13294],{"class":58},[52,118369,63],{"class":62},[52,118371,10577],{"class":66},[52,118373,757],{"class":756},[52,118375,7751],{"class":760},[52,118377,757],{"class":756},[52,118379,1772],{"class":66},[52,118381,768],{"class":756},[52,118383,12969],{"class":760},[52,118385,757],{"class":756},[52,118387,74],{"class":66},[52,118389,768],{"class":756},[52,118391,9384],{"class":760},[52,118393,757],{"class":756},[52,118395,1772],{"class":66},[52,118397,7874],{"class":70},[52,118399,74],{"class":66},[52,118401,768],{"class":756},[52,118403,10495],{"class":760},[52,118405,757],{"class":756},[52,118407,1772],{"class":66},[52,118409,768],{"class":756},[52,118411,16123],{"class":760},[52,118413,757],{"class":756},[52,118415,9394],{"class":66},[52,118417,118418,118420,118422,118424,118426,118428],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118419,118],{"class":101},[52,118421,105],{"class":66},[52,118423,74588],{"class":101},[52,118425,105],{"class":66},[52,118427,17400],{"class":108},[52,118429,510],{"class":66},[20,118431,311],{},[43,118433,118435],{"className":45,"code":118434,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,118436,118437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118438,118439,118441,118443,118445,118447,118449,118451,118453,118455,118457,118459,118461,118463],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118440,3994],{"class":66},[52,118442,3406],{"class":756},[52,118444,9384],{"class":760},[52,118446,3406],{"class":756},[52,118448,74],{"class":66},[52,118450,3401],{"class":756},[52,118452,10495],{"class":760},[52,118454,3406],{"class":756},[52,118456,74],{"class":66},[52,118458,3401],{"class":756},[52,118460,7751],{"class":760},[52,118462,3406],{"class":756},[52,118464,90],{"class":66},[38,118466,1372,118468],{"id":118467},"using-reversetrue",[15,118469,78164],{},[20,118471,133,118472,118474],{},[15,118473,78164],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[43,118476,118478],{"className":45,"code":118477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,118479,118480,118500,118504,118518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118481,118482,118484,118486,118488,118490,118492,118494,118496,118498],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118483,59],{"class":58},[52,118485,63],{"class":62},[52,118487,67],{"class":66},[52,118489,445],{"class":70},[52,118491,74],{"class":66},[52,118493,5586],{"class":70},[52,118495,74],{"class":66},[52,118497,77],{"class":70},[52,118499,90],{"class":66},[52,118501,118502],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118503,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,118505,118506,118508,118510,118512,118514,118516],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118507,118],{"class":101},[52,118509,105],{"class":66},[52,118511,74588],{"class":101},[52,118513,105],{"class":66},[52,118515,109],{"class":108},[52,118517,510],{"class":66},[52,118519,118520,118522,118524,118526,118528,118530,118532,118534,118536,118538],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,118521,118],{"class":101},[52,118523,105],{"class":66},[52,118525,74588],{"class":101},[52,118527,105],{"class":66},[52,118529,109],{"class":108},[52,118531,74],{"class":66},[52,118533,78143],{"class":201},[52,118535,63],{"class":62},[52,118537,173],{"class":674},[52,118539,510],{"class":66},[20,118541,311],{},[43,118543,118545],{"className":45,"code":118544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118546,118547,118563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118548,118549,118551,118553,118555,118557,118559,118561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118550,3994],{"class":66},[52,118552,71],{"class":70},[52,118554,74],{"class":66},[52,118556,77],{"class":70},[52,118558,74],{"class":66},[52,118560,82],{"class":70},[52,118562,90],{"class":66},[52,118564,118565,118567,118569,118571,118573,118575,118577],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118566,3994],{"class":66},[52,118568,445],{"class":70},[52,118570,74],{"class":66},[52,118572,77],{"class":70},[52,118574,74],{"class":66},[52,118576,5586],{"class":70},[52,118578,90],{"class":66},[20,118580,118581],{},"This also works with strings:",[43,118583,118585],{"className":45,"code":118584,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118586,118587,118619,118623,118637],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118588,118589,118591,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613,118615,118617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118590,749],{"class":58},[52,118592,63],{"class":62},[52,118594,67],{"class":66},[52,118596,757],{"class":756},[52,118598,4171],{"class":760},[52,118600,757],{"class":756},[52,118602,74],{"class":66},[52,118604,768],{"class":756},[52,118606,4180],{"class":760},[52,118608,757],{"class":756},[52,118610,74],{"class":66},[52,118612,768],{"class":756},[52,118614,4189],{"class":760},[52,118616,757],{"class":756},[52,118618,90],{"class":66},[52,118620,118621],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118622,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,118624,118625,118627,118629,118631,118633,118635],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118626,118],{"class":101},[52,118628,105],{"class":66},[52,118630,74588],{"class":101},[52,118632,105],{"class":66},[52,118634,788],{"class":108},[52,118636,510],{"class":66},[52,118638,118639,118641,118643,118645,118647,118649,118651,118653,118655,118657],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,118640,118],{"class":101},[52,118642,105],{"class":66},[52,118644,74588],{"class":101},[52,118646,105],{"class":66},[52,118648,788],{"class":108},[52,118650,74],{"class":66},[52,118652,78143],{"class":201},[52,118654,63],{"class":62},[52,118656,173],{"class":674},[52,118658,510],{"class":66},[20,118660,311],{},[43,118662,118663],{"className":45,"code":74232,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,118664,118665,118693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118666,118667,118669,118671,118673,118675,118677,118679,118681,118683,118685,118687,118689,118691],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118668,3994],{"class":66},[52,118670,3406],{"class":756},[52,118672,4171],{"class":760},[52,118674,3406],{"class":756},[52,118676,74],{"class":66},[52,118678,3401],{"class":756},[52,118680,4180],{"class":760},[52,118682,3406],{"class":756},[52,118684,74],{"class":66},[52,118686,3401],{"class":756},[52,118688,4189],{"class":760},[52,118690,3406],{"class":756},[52,118692,90],{"class":66},[52,118694,118695,118697,118699,118701,118703,118705,118707,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118696,3994],{"class":66},[52,118698,3406],{"class":756},[52,118700,4189],{"class":760},[52,118702,3406],{"class":756},[52,118704,74],{"class":66},[52,118706,3401],{"class":756},[52,118708,4180],{"class":760},[52,118710,3406],{"class":756},[52,118712,74],{"class":66},[52,118714,3401],{"class":756},[52,118716,4171],{"class":760},[52,118718,3406],{"class":756},[52,118720,90],{"class":66},[38,118722,1372,118724,118727],{"id":118723},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118725,118726],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118729,2100,118730,118732],{},[15,118731,118726],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118734,118735],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118737,118738],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[43,118740,118742],{"className":45,"code":118741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118743,118744,118784,118788,118810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118745,118746,118748,118750,118752,118754,118756,118758,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772,118774,118776,118778,118780,118782],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118747,749],{"class":58},[52,118749,63],{"class":62},[52,118751,67],{"class":66},[52,118753,757],{"class":756},[52,118755,78817],{"class":760},[52,118757,757],{"class":756},[52,118759,74],{"class":66},[52,118761,768],{"class":756},[52,118763,38451],{"class":760},[52,118765,757],{"class":756},[52,118767,74],{"class":66},[52,118769,768],{"class":756},[52,118771,4180],{"class":760},[52,118773,757],{"class":756},[52,118775,74],{"class":66},[52,118777,768],{"class":756},[52,118779,38434],{"class":760},[52,118781,757],{"class":756},[52,118783,90],{"class":66},[52,118785,118786],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118787,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,118789,118790,118792,118794,118796,118798,118800,118802,118804,118806,118808],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118791,2347],{"class":58},[52,118793,63],{"class":62},[52,118795,74632],{"class":101},[52,118797,105],{"class":66},[52,118799,788],{"class":108},[52,118801,74],{"class":66},[52,118803,21674],{"class":201},[52,118805,63],{"class":62},[52,118807,11250],{"class":101},[52,118809,112],{"class":66},[52,118811,118812,118814,118816,118818],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,118813,118],{"class":101},[52,118815,105],{"class":66},[52,118817,2382],{"class":108},[52,118819,112],{"class":66},[20,118821,311],{},[43,118823,118825],{"className":45,"code":118824,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118826,118827],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118828,118829,118831,118833,118835,118837,118839,118841,118843,118845,118847,118849,118851,118853,118855,118857,118859,118861],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118830,3994],{"class":66},[52,118832,3406],{"class":756},[52,118834,38451],{"class":760},[52,118836,3406],{"class":756},[52,118838,74],{"class":66},[52,118840,3401],{"class":756},[52,118842,78817],{"class":760},[52,118844,3406],{"class":756},[52,118846,74],{"class":66},[52,118848,3401],{"class":756},[52,118850,38434],{"class":760},[52,118852,3406],{"class":756},[52,118854,74],{"class":66},[52,118856,3401],{"class":756},[52,118858,4180],{"class":760},[52,118860,3406],{"class":756},[52,118862,90],{"class":66},[20,118864,20865,118865,118867],{},[15,118866,11250],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118869,118870],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[43,118872,118874],{"className":45,"code":118873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118875,118876,118909,118913,118939],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118877,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896,118898,118900,118902,118905,118907],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118879,749],{"class":58},[52,118881,63],{"class":62},[52,118883,67],{"class":66},[52,118885,757],{"class":756},[52,118887,83434],{"class":760},[52,118889,757],{"class":756},[52,118891,74],{"class":66},[52,118893,768],{"class":756},[52,118895,4171],{"class":760},[52,118897,757],{"class":756},[52,118899,74],{"class":66},[52,118901,768],{"class":756},[52,118903,118904],{"class":760},"Cherry",[52,118906,757],{"class":756},[52,118908,90],{"class":66},[52,118910,118911],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,118912,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,118914,118915,118917,118919,118921,118923,118925,118927,118929,118931,118933,118935,118937],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,118916,2347],{"class":58},[52,118918,63],{"class":62},[52,118920,74632],{"class":101},[52,118922,105],{"class":66},[52,118924,788],{"class":108},[52,118926,74],{"class":66},[52,118928,21674],{"class":201},[52,118930,63],{"class":62},[52,118932,3550],{"class":1184},[52,118934,242],{"class":66},[52,118936,8726],{"class":24845},[52,118938,112],{"class":66},[52,118940,118941,118943,118945,118947],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,118942,118],{"class":101},[52,118944,105],{"class":66},[52,118946,2382],{"class":108},[52,118948,112],{"class":66},[20,118950,311],{},[43,118952,118954],{"className":45,"code":118953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118955,118956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,118957,118958,118960,118962,118964,118966,118968,118970,118972,118974,118976,118978,118980,118982],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,118959,3994],{"class":66},[52,118961,3406],{"class":756},[52,118963,4171],{"class":760},[52,118965,3406],{"class":756},[52,118967,74],{"class":66},[52,118969,3401],{"class":756},[52,118971,83434],{"class":760},[52,118973,3406],{"class":756},[52,118975,74],{"class":66},[52,118977,3401],{"class":756},[52,118979,118904],{"class":760},[52,118981,3406],{"class":756},[52,118983,90],{"class":66},[20,118985,118986,118987,35428,118989,242],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118988,2007],{},[236,118990,13,118991,1999],{"href":2004},[15,118992,2007],{},[38,118994,118996,10672,118998],{"id":118995},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118997,74498],{},[15,118999,77940],{},[20,119001,119002],{},"The main difference is this:",[153,119004,119005,119010],{},[156,119006,119007,119009],{},[15,119008,74498],{}," returns a new list",[156,119011,119012,74036],{},[15,119013,77940],{},[20,119015,119016],{},"Also:",[153,119018,119019,119024],{},[156,119020,119021,119023],{},[15,119022,74498],{}," works with many iterables",[156,119025,119026,79373],{},[15,119027,77940],{},[20,119029,133,119030,10688],{},[15,119031,74498],{},[153,119033,119034,119037],{},[156,119035,119036],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[156,119038,119039],{},"your data is not a list",[20,119041,119042,119043,242],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[236,119044,13,119045,10672,119047,863],{"href":79198},[15,119046,74498],{},[15,119048,77940],{},[38,119050,119052],{"id":119051},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,119054,119055,119056,242],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,119057,74498],{},[461,119059,119061],{"id":119060},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,119063,119064,119065,1772],{},"This can raise a ",[15,119066,1979],{},[43,119068,119070],{"className":45,"code":119069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,119071,119072,119096],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119073,119074,119076,119078,119080,119082,119084,119086,119088,119090,119092,119094],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119075,474],{"class":58},[52,119077,63],{"class":62},[52,119079,67],{"class":66},[52,119081,71],{"class":70},[52,119083,74],{"class":66},[52,119085,768],{"class":756},[52,119087,440],{"class":760},[52,119089,757],{"class":756},[52,119091,74],{"class":66},[52,119093,82],{"class":70},[52,119095,90],{"class":66},[52,119097,119098,119100,119102,119104,119106,119108],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,119099,118],{"class":101},[52,119101,105],{"class":66},[52,119103,74588],{"class":101},[52,119105,105],{"class":66},[52,119107,507],{"class":108},[52,119109,510],{"class":66},[20,119111,119112],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[461,119114,119116,119117,2421],{"id":119115},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,119118,14932],{},[20,119120,119121],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,119123,2324],{},[43,119125,119127],{"className":45,"code":119126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,119128,119129,119149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119130,119131,119133,119135,119137,119139,119141,119143,119145,119147],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119132,59],{"class":58},[52,119134,63],{"class":62},[52,119136,67],{"class":66},[52,119138,430],{"class":70},[52,119140,74],{"class":66},[52,119142,77],{"class":70},[52,119144,74],{"class":66},[52,119146,7879],{"class":70},[52,119148,90],{"class":66},[52,119150,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159,119161,119163,119165,119167,119169],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,119152,118],{"class":101},[52,119154,105],{"class":66},[52,119156,74588],{"class":101},[52,119158,105],{"class":66},[52,119160,109],{"class":108},[52,119162,74],{"class":66},[52,119164,21674],{"class":201},[52,119166,63],{"class":62},[52,119168,11250],{"class":101},[52,119170,510],{"class":66},[20,119172,48593,119173,119175],{},[15,119174,2007],{}," does not work on integers.",[461,119177,119179],{"id":119178},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,119181,119182],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[43,119184,119186],{"className":45,"code":119185,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119187,119188,119208,119218,119222],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119189,119190,119192,119194,119196,119198,119200,119202,119204,119206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119191,59],{"class":58},[52,119193,63],{"class":62},[52,119195,67],{"class":66},[52,119197,445],{"class":70},[52,119199,74],{"class":66},[52,119201,5586],{"class":70},[52,119203,74],{"class":66},[52,119205,77],{"class":70},[52,119207,90],{"class":66},[52,119209,119210,119212,119214,119216],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,119211,74588],{"class":101},[52,119213,105],{"class":66},[52,119215,109],{"class":108},[52,119217,112],{"class":66},[52,119219,119220],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119221,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,119223,119224,119226,119228,119230],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,119225,118],{"class":101},[52,119227,105],{"class":66},[52,119229,109],{"class":108},[52,119231,112],{"class":66},[20,119233,311],{},[43,119235,119237],{"className":45,"code":119236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,119238,119239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119240,119241,119243,119245,119247,119249,119251,119253],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119242,3994],{"class":66},[52,119244,445],{"class":70},[52,119246,74],{"class":66},[52,119248,5586],{"class":70},[52,119250,74],{"class":66},[52,119252,77],{"class":70},[52,119254,90],{"class":66},[20,119256,119257],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[38,119259,1766],{"id":1765},[153,119261,119262,119266,119269,119274,119278],{},[156,119263,4670,119264,74036],{},[15,119265,74498],{},[156,119267,119268],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[156,119270,4796,119271,119273],{},[15,119272,74498],{}," always returns a list",[156,119275,1372,119276,23199],{},[15,119277,118726],{},[156,119279,29745,119280,119282,119283],{},[15,119281,64387],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,119284,74498],{},[20,119286,119287],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[43,119289,119291],{"className":45,"code":119290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,119292,119293,119315,119341,119379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119294,119295,119297,119299,119301,119303,119305,119307,119309,119311,119313],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119296,118],{"class":101},[52,119298,105],{"class":66},[52,119300,74588],{"class":101},[52,119302,1058],{"class":66},[52,119304,445],{"class":70},[52,119306,74],{"class":66},[52,119308,5586],{"class":70},[52,119310,74],{"class":66},[52,119312,77],{"class":70},[52,119314,1063],{"class":66},[52,119316,119317,119319,119321,119323,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,119318,118],{"class":101},[52,119320,105],{"class":66},[52,119322,1827],{"class":1184},[52,119324,105],{"class":66},[52,119326,74588],{"class":101},[52,119328,5599],{"class":66},[52,119330,445],{"class":70},[52,119332,74],{"class":66},[52,119334,5586],{"class":70},[52,119336,74],{"class":66},[52,119338,77],{"class":70},[52,119340,93435],{"class":66},[52,119342,119343,119345,119347,119349,119351,119353,119355,119357,119359,119361,119363,119365,119367,119369,119371,119373,119375,119377],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119344,118],{"class":101},[52,119346,105],{"class":66},[52,119348,74588],{"class":101},[52,119350,1058],{"class":66},[52,119352,3406],{"class":756},[52,119354,83434],{"class":760},[52,119356,3406],{"class":756},[52,119358,74],{"class":66},[52,119360,3401],{"class":756},[52,119362,4171],{"class":760},[52,119364,3406],{"class":756},[52,119366,894],{"class":66},[52,119368,21674],{"class":201},[52,119370,63],{"class":62},[52,119372,3550],{"class":1184},[52,119374,242],{"class":66},[52,119376,8726],{"class":24845},[52,119378,510],{"class":66},[52,119380,119381,119383,119385,119387,119389,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,119382,118],{"class":101},[52,119384,105],{"class":66},[52,119386,74588],{"class":101},[52,119388,1058],{"class":66},[52,119390,445],{"class":70},[52,119392,74],{"class":66},[52,119394,5586],{"class":70},[52,119396,74],{"class":66},[52,119398,77],{"class":70},[52,119400,894],{"class":66},[52,119402,78143],{"class":201},[52,119404,63],{"class":62},[52,119406,173],{"class":674},[52,119408,510],{"class":66},[20,119410,119411,119412,242],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[236,119413,52853],{"href":51063},[38,119415,1919],{"id":1918},[461,119417,12792,119419,57243],{"id":119418},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,119420,74498],{},[20,119422,119423],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[461,119425,1923,119427,12804],{"id":119426},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,119428,74498],{},[20,119430,119431],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[461,119433,119435,119436,11180,119438,1963],{"id":119434},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,119437,74498],{},[15,119439,77940],{},[20,119441,133,119442,119444],{},[15,119443,74498],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[461,119446,1923,119448,86522,119450,1963],{"id":119447},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,119449,118726],{},[15,119451,74498],{},[20,119453,119454],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[461,119456,1973,119458,1976,119460,1963],{"id":119457},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,119459,74498],{},[15,119461,1979],{},[20,119463,119464],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[38,119466,1986],{"id":1985},[153,119468,119469,119473,119481,119485,119491,119497],{},[156,119470,119471],{},[236,119472,79946],{"href":78449},[156,119474,119475],{},[236,119476,13,119477,10672,119479,863],{"href":79198},[15,119478,74498],{},[15,119480,77940],{},[156,119482,119483],{},[236,119484,52853],{"href":51063},[156,119486,119487],{},[236,119488,13,119489,1999],{"href":2004},[15,119490,2007],{},[156,119492,119493],{},[236,119494,13,119495,1999],{"href":92091},[15,119496,35848],{},[156,119498,119499],{},[236,119500,13,119501,1999],{"href":238},[15,119502,167],{},[2029,119504,119505],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":119507},[119508,119509,119511,119514,119515,119522,119524,119526,119528,119534,119535,119547],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":117789,"depth":93,"text":119510},"What sorted() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":119512},[119513],{"id":17487,"depth":115,"text":17488},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":118028,"depth":93,"text":118029,"children":119516},[119517,119518,119519,119520,119521],{"id":8179,"depth":115,"text":118037},{"id":49036,"depth":115,"text":118101},{"id":6372,"depth":115,"text":118198},{"id":61250,"depth":115,"text":118262},{"id":15696,"depth":115,"text":29318},{"id":118467,"depth":93,"text":119523},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118723,"depth":93,"text":119525},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118995,"depth":93,"text":119527},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":119051,"depth":93,"text":119052,"children":119529},[119530,119531,119533],{"id":119060,"depth":115,"text":119061},{"id":119115,"depth":115,"text":119532},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":119178,"depth":115,"text":119179},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":119536},[119537,119539,119541,119543,119545],{"id":119418,"depth":115,"text":119538},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":119426,"depth":115,"text":119540},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":119434,"depth":115,"text":119542},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":119447,"depth":115,"text":119544},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":119457,"depth":115,"text":119546},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117691,"description":119548},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119555,"title":119556,"body":119557,"description":121668,"extension":2083,"meta":121669,"navigation":296,"path":79198,"seo":121670,"stem":121671,"__hash__":121672},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119558,"toc":121615},[119559,119566,119569,119579,119585,119588,119606,119614,119616,119675,119683,119687,119709,119713,119717,119719,119736,119738,119750,119756,119840,119844,119891,119897,119904,119908,119913,119915,119927,119932,119985,119989,120009,120016,120023,120027,120030,120049,120053,120167,120171,120241,120243,120255,120260,120264,120277,120281,120356,120360,120399,120406,120412,120417,120421,120435,120439,120504,120508,120541,120544,120549,120557,120564,120577,120580,120584,120667,120671,120708,120712,120815,120819,120880,120885,120892,120896,120899,120905,120908,120975,120979,121003,121005,121023,121030,121083,121087,121107,121113,121115,121172,121179,121205,121210,121215,121223,121229,121289,121293,121340,121343,121345,121348,121374,121377,121470,121472,121492,121496,121499,121517,121523,121525,121533,121538,121545,121548,121554,121557,121563,121571,121579,121584,121586,121612],[10,119560,13,119562,10672,119564,93149],{"id":119561},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119563,74498],{},[15,119565,77940],{},[20,119567,119568],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[153,119570,119571,119575],{},[156,119572,119573],{},[15,119574,74498],{},[156,119576,119577],{},[15,119578,77940],{},[20,119580,119581,119582,119584],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3842,119583,4722],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119586,119587],{},"The main difference is simple:",[153,119589,119590,119598],{},[156,119591,133,119592,119594,119595],{},[15,119593,74498],{}," when you want a ",[3842,119596,119597],{},"new sorted result",[156,119599,133,119600,119602,119603],{},[15,119601,77940],{}," when you want to ",[3842,119604,119605],{},"change the original list",[20,119607,119608,119609,2514,119611,119613],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119610,77940],{},[15,119612,3878],{}," and causes confusion.",[38,119615,3712],{"id":3711},[43,119617,119619],{"className":45,"code":119618,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119620,119621,119641,119645,119662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119622,119623,119625,119627,119629,119631,119633,119635,119637,119639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119624,59],{"class":58},[52,119626,63],{"class":62},[52,119628,67],{"class":66},[52,119630,445],{"class":70},[52,119632,74],{"class":66},[52,119634,5586],{"class":70},[52,119636,74],{"class":66},[52,119638,77],{"class":70},[52,119640,90],{"class":66},[52,119642,119643],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,119644,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,119646,119647,119649,119651,119653,119655,119657,119659],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119648,55970],{"class":58},[52,119650,63],{"class":62},[52,119652,74632],{"class":101},[52,119654,105],{"class":66},[52,119656,109],{"class":108},[52,119658,126],{"class":66},[52,119660,119661],{"class":129},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[52,119663,119664,119666,119668,119670,119672],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,119665,109],{"class":58},[52,119667,242],{"class":66},[52,119669,34897],{"class":108},[52,119671,7448],{"class":66},[52,119673,119674],{"class":129},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119676,133,119677,119679,119680,119682],{},[15,119678,74498],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119681,77940],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[38,119684,119686],{"id":119685},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[153,119688,119689,119694,119699,119706],{},[156,119690,133,119691,119693],{},[15,119692,74498],{}," to get a new sorted list",[156,119695,133,119696,119698],{},[15,119697,77940],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[156,119700,119701,119702,2514,119704],{},"Understand why ",[15,119703,77940],{},[15,119705,3878],{},[156,119707,119708],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[38,119710,140,119711,143],{"id":117789},[15,119712,74498],{},[20,119714,119715,63002],{},[15,119716,74498],{},[20,119718,49010],{},[153,119720,119721,119727,119733],{},[156,119722,119723,119724],{},"returns a ",[3842,119725,119726],{},"new list",[156,119728,119729,119730,119732],{},"does ",[3842,119731,4722],{}," change the original data",[156,119734,119735],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119737,51217],{},[153,119739,119740,119742,119744,119746,119748],{},[156,119741,918],{},[156,119743,5392],{},[156,119745,5398],{},[156,119747,5395],{},[156,119749,36009],{},[461,119751,35176,119753,119755],{"id":119752},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119754,74498],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[43,119757,119759],{"className":45,"code":119758,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119760,119761,119781,119785,119799,119803,119821],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119762,119763,119765,119767,119769,119771,119773,119775,119777,119779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119764,59],{"class":58},[52,119766,63],{"class":62},[52,119768,67],{"class":66},[52,119770,445],{"class":70},[52,119772,74],{"class":66},[52,119774,5586],{"class":70},[52,119776,74],{"class":66},[52,119778,77],{"class":70},[52,119780,90],{"class":66},[52,119782,119783],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,119784,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,119786,119787,119789,119791,119793,119795,119797],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119788,2347],{"class":58},[52,119790,63],{"class":62},[52,119792,74632],{"class":101},[52,119794,105],{"class":66},[52,119796,109],{"class":108},[52,119798,112],{"class":66},[52,119800,119801],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,119802,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,119804,119805,119807,119809,119811,119813,119815,119817,119819],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,119806,118],{"class":101},[52,119808,105],{"class":66},[52,119810,757],{"class":756},[52,119812,12241],{"class":760},[52,119814,757],{"class":756},[52,119816,74],{"class":66},[52,119818,1686],{"class":108},[52,119820,112],{"class":66},[52,119822,119823,119825,119827,119829,119832,119834,119836,119838],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,119824,118],{"class":101},[52,119826,105],{"class":66},[52,119828,757],{"class":756},[52,119830,119831],{"class":760},"sorted result:",[52,119833,757],{"class":756},[52,119835,74],{"class":66},[52,119837,81290],{"class":108},[52,119839,112],{"class":66},[20,119841,119842],{},[3842,119843,311],{},[43,119845,119847],{"className":45,"code":119846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119848,119849,119869],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119850,119851,119853,119855,119857,119859,119861,119863,119865,119867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119852,12220],{"class":58},[52,119854,1772],{"class":66},[52,119856,67],{"class":66},[52,119858,445],{"class":70},[52,119860,74],{"class":66},[52,119862,5586],{"class":70},[52,119864,74],{"class":66},[52,119866,77],{"class":70},[52,119868,90],{"class":66},[52,119870,119871,119873,119875,119877,119879,119881,119883,119885,119887,119889],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,119872,74588],{"class":101},[52,119874,81290],{"class":58},[52,119876,1772],{"class":66},[52,119878,67],{"class":66},[52,119880,71],{"class":70},[52,119882,74],{"class":66},[52,119884,77],{"class":70},[52,119886,74],{"class":66},[52,119888,82],{"class":70},[52,119890,90],{"class":66},[20,119892,119893,119894,119896],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119895,109],{}," stays the same.",[20,119898,119899,119900,242],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[236,119901,13,119902,1999],{"href":74595},[15,119903,74498],{},[38,119905,140,119906,143],{"id":78006},[15,119907,77940],{},[20,119909,119910,119912],{},[15,119911,64387],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119914,49010],{},[153,119916,119917,119920,119923],{},[156,119918,119919],{},"changes the original list directly",[156,119921,119922],{},"only works on lists",[156,119924,3791,119925],{},[15,119926,3878],{},[461,119928,35176,119930,74036],{"id":119929},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119931,77940],{},[43,119933,119935],{"className":45,"code":119934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119936,119937,119957,119961,119971,119975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119938,119939,119941,119943,119945,119947,119949,119951,119953,119955],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119940,59],{"class":58},[52,119942,63],{"class":62},[52,119944,67],{"class":66},[52,119946,445],{"class":70},[52,119948,74],{"class":66},[52,119950,5586],{"class":70},[52,119952,74],{"class":66},[52,119954,77],{"class":70},[52,119956,90],{"class":66},[52,119958,119959],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,119960,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,119962,119963,119965,119967,119969],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,119964,109],{"class":58},[52,119966,242],{"class":66},[52,119968,34897],{"class":108},[52,119970,8729],{"class":66},[52,119972,119973],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,119974,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,119976,119977,119979,119981,119983],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,119978,118],{"class":101},[52,119980,105],{"class":66},[52,119982,109],{"class":108},[52,119984,112],{"class":66},[20,119986,119987],{},[3842,119988,311],{},[43,119990,119991],{"className":45,"code":55230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,119992,119993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,119994,119995,119997,119999,120001,120003,120005,120007],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,119996,3994],{"class":66},[52,119998,71],{"class":70},[52,120000,74],{"class":66},[52,120002,77],{"class":70},[52,120004,74],{"class":66},[52,120006,82],{"class":70},[52,120008,90],{"class":66},[20,120010,120011,120012,120015],{},"After calling ",[15,120013,120014],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,120017,120018,120019,242],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[236,120020,13,120021,10828],{"href":74849},[15,120022,77940],{},[38,120024,120026],{"id":120025},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,120028,120029],{},"Here is the core difference:",[153,120031,120032,120041],{},[156,120033,120034,120037,120038],{},[15,120035,120036],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3842,120039,120040],{},"new sorted list",[156,120042,120043,120046,120047,74406],{},[15,120044,120045],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,120048,8425],{},[461,120050,120052],{"id":120051},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[43,120054,120056],{"className":45,"code":120055,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,120057,120058,120078,120082,120096,120115,120134,120138,120148],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120059,120060,120062,120064,120066,120068,120070,120072,120074,120076],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120061,59],{"class":58},[52,120063,63],{"class":62},[52,120065,67],{"class":66},[52,120067,265],{"class":70},[52,120069,74],{"class":66},[52,120071,77],{"class":70},[52,120073,74],{"class":66},[52,120075,87],{"class":70},[52,120077,90],{"class":66},[52,120079,120080],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120081,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120083,120084,120086,120088,120090,120092,120094],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120085,2668],{"class":58},[52,120087,63],{"class":62},[52,120089,74632],{"class":101},[52,120091,105],{"class":66},[52,120093,109],{"class":108},[52,120095,112],{"class":66},[52,120097,120098,120100,120102,120104,120107,120109,120111,120113],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,120099,118],{"class":101},[52,120101,105],{"class":66},[52,120103,757],{"class":756},[52,120105,120106],{"class":760},"numbers after sorted():",[52,120108,757],{"class":756},[52,120110,74],{"class":66},[52,120112,1686],{"class":108},[52,120114,112],{"class":66},[52,120116,120117,120119,120121,120123,120126,120128,120130,120132],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,120118,118],{"class":101},[52,120120,105],{"class":66},[52,120122,757],{"class":756},[52,120124,120125],{"class":760},"a:",[52,120127,757],{"class":756},[52,120129,74],{"class":66},[52,120131,56967],{"class":108},[52,120133,112],{"class":66},[52,120135,120136],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,120137,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120139,120140,120142,120144,120146],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,120141,109],{"class":58},[52,120143,242],{"class":66},[52,120145,34897],{"class":108},[52,120147,8729],{"class":66},[52,120149,120150,120152,120154,120156,120159,120161,120163,120165],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,120151,118],{"class":101},[52,120153,105],{"class":66},[52,120155,757],{"class":756},[52,120157,120158],{"class":760},"numbers after sort():",[52,120160,757],{"class":756},[52,120162,74],{"class":66},[52,120164,1686],{"class":108},[52,120166,112],{"class":66},[20,120168,120169],{},[3842,120170,311],{},[43,120172,120174],{"className":45,"code":120173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,120175,120176,120199,120219],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120177,120178,120181,120183,120185,120187,120189,120191,120193,120195,120197],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120179,120180],{"class":58},"numbers after ",[52,120182,74588],{"class":101},[52,120184,29679],{"class":66},[52,120186,67],{"class":66},[52,120188,265],{"class":70},[52,120190,74],{"class":66},[52,120192,77],{"class":70},[52,120194,74],{"class":66},[52,120196,87],{"class":70},[52,120198,90],{"class":66},[52,120200,120201,120203,120205,120207,120209,120211,120213,120215,120217],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120202,236],{"class":58},[52,120204,1772],{"class":66},[52,120206,67],{"class":66},[52,120208,440],{"class":70},[52,120210,74],{"class":66},[52,120212,87],{"class":70},[52,120214,74],{"class":66},[52,120216,4696],{"class":70},[52,120218,90],{"class":66},[52,120220,120221,120223,120225,120227,120229,120231,120233,120235,120237,120239],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120222,120180],{"class":58},[52,120224,34897],{"class":108},[52,120226,29679],{"class":66},[52,120228,67],{"class":66},[52,120230,440],{"class":70},[52,120232,74],{"class":66},[52,120234,87],{"class":70},[52,120236,74],{"class":66},[52,120238,4696],{"class":70},[52,120240,90],{"class":66},[20,120242,10800],{},[153,120244,120245,120250],{},[156,120246,120247,120249],{},[15,120248,74498],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[156,120251,120252,120254],{},[15,120253,64387],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[38,120256,5054,120258],{"id":120257},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,120259,74498],{},[20,120261,133,120262,10688],{},[15,120263,74498],{},[153,120265,120266,120269,120271,120274],{},[156,120267,120268],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[156,120270,119039],{},[156,120272,120273],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[156,120275,120276],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[461,120278,120280],{"id":120279},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[43,120282,120284],{"className":45,"code":120283,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120285,120286,120310,120314,120328,120332,120342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120287,120288,120290,120292,120294,120296,120298,120300,120302,120304,120306,120308],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120289,59],{"class":58},[52,120291,63],{"class":62},[52,120293,9321],{"class":66},[52,120295,1595],{"class":70},[52,120297,74],{"class":66},[52,120299,5586],{"class":70},[52,120301,74],{"class":66},[52,120303,82],{"class":70},[52,120305,74],{"class":66},[52,120307,77],{"class":70},[52,120309,112],{"class":66},[52,120311,120312],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120313,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120315,120316,120318,120320,120322,120324,120326],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120317,2347],{"class":58},[52,120319,63],{"class":62},[52,120321,74632],{"class":101},[52,120323,105],{"class":66},[52,120325,109],{"class":108},[52,120327,112],{"class":66},[52,120329,120330],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,120331,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120333,120334,120336,120338,120340],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,120335,118],{"class":101},[52,120337,105],{"class":66},[52,120339,2382],{"class":108},[52,120341,112],{"class":66},[52,120343,120344,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,120345,118],{"class":101},[52,120347,105],{"class":66},[52,120349,1827],{"class":1184},[52,120351,105],{"class":66},[52,120353,2382],{"class":108},[52,120355,510],{"class":66},[20,120357,120358],{},[3842,120359,311],{},[43,120361,120363],{"className":45,"code":120362,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120364,120365,120385],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120366,120367,120369,120371,120373,120375,120377,120379,120381,120383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120368,3994],{"class":66},[52,120370,71],{"class":70},[52,120372,74],{"class":66},[52,120374,77],{"class":70},[52,120376,74],{"class":66},[52,120378,82],{"class":70},[52,120380,74],{"class":66},[52,120382,87],{"class":70},[52,120384,90],{"class":66},[52,120386,120387,120389,120391,120393,120395,120397],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120388,3395],{"class":62},[52,120390,3398],{"class":2184},[52,120392,3401],{"class":756},[52,120394,8179],{"class":760},[52,120396,3406],{"class":756},[52,120398,3409],{"class":62},[20,120400,2404,120401,120403,120404,242],{},[15,120402,74498],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3842,120405,8179],{},[20,120407,120408,120409,120411],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[236,120410,52853],{"href":51063}," is a helpful next step.",[38,120413,5054,120415],{"id":120414},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,120416,77940],{},[20,120418,133,120419,10688],{},[15,120420,77940],{},[153,120422,120423,120426,120429,120432],{},[156,120424,120425],{},"you already have a list",[156,120427,120428],{},"you want to update that list directly",[156,120430,120431],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[156,120433,120434],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[461,120436,120438],{"id":120437},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[43,120440,120442],{"className":45,"code":120441,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,120443,120444,120476,120480,120490,120494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120445,120446,120448,120450,120452,120454,120456,120458,120460,120462,120464,120466,120468,120470,120472,120474],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120447,5088],{"class":58},[52,120449,63],{"class":62},[52,120451,67],{"class":66},[52,120453,757],{"class":756},[52,120455,5115],{"class":760},[52,120457,757],{"class":756},[52,120459,74],{"class":66},[52,120461,768],{"class":756},[52,120463,5097],{"class":760},[52,120465,757],{"class":756},[52,120467,74],{"class":66},[52,120469,768],{"class":756},[52,120471,5106],{"class":760},[52,120473,757],{"class":756},[52,120475,90],{"class":66},[52,120477,120478],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120479,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120481,120482,120484,120486,120488],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120483,5132],{"class":58},[52,120485,242],{"class":66},[52,120487,34897],{"class":108},[52,120489,8729],{"class":66},[52,120491,120492],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,120493,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120495,120496,120498,120500,120502],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,120497,118],{"class":101},[52,120499,105],{"class":66},[52,120501,5132],{"class":108},[52,120503,112],{"class":66},[20,120505,120506],{},[3842,120507,311],{},[43,120509,120511],{"className":45,"code":120510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120512,120513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120514,120515,120517,120519,120521,120523,120525,120527,120529,120531,120533,120535,120537,120539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120516,3994],{"class":66},[52,120518,3406],{"class":756},[52,120520,5097],{"class":760},[52,120522,3406],{"class":756},[52,120524,74],{"class":66},[52,120526,3401],{"class":756},[52,120528,5106],{"class":760},[52,120530,3406],{"class":756},[52,120532,74],{"class":66},[52,120534,3401],{"class":756},[52,120536,5115],{"class":760},[52,120538,3406],{"class":756},[52,120540,90],{"class":66},[20,120542,120543],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120545,120546,120547,242],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[236,120548,79946],{"href":78449},[38,120550,120552,652,120554,120556],{"id":120551},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120553,73651],{},[15,120555,14932],{}," work with both",[20,120558,10677,120559,652,120561,120563],{},[15,120560,74498],{},[15,120562,77940],{}," support:",[153,120565,120566,120571],{},[156,120567,120568,120570],{},[15,120569,78164],{}," for descending order",[156,120572,120573,120576],{},[15,120574,120575],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120578,120579],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[461,120581,120583],{"id":120582},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[43,120585,120587],{"className":45,"code":120586,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120588,120589,120609,120613,120635,120639,120657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120590,120591,120593,120595,120597,120599,120601,120603,120605,120607],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120592,59],{"class":58},[52,120594,63],{"class":62},[52,120596,67],{"class":66},[52,120598,445],{"class":70},[52,120600,74],{"class":66},[52,120602,5586],{"class":70},[52,120604,74],{"class":66},[52,120606,77],{"class":70},[52,120608,90],{"class":66},[52,120610,120611],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120612,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120614,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625,120627,120629,120631,120633],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120616,118],{"class":101},[52,120618,105],{"class":66},[52,120620,74588],{"class":101},[52,120622,105],{"class":66},[52,120624,109],{"class":108},[52,120626,74],{"class":66},[52,120628,78143],{"class":201},[52,120630,63],{"class":62},[52,120632,173],{"class":674},[52,120634,510],{"class":66},[52,120636,120637],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,120638,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120640,120641,120643,120645,120647,120649,120651,120653,120655],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,120642,109],{"class":58},[52,120644,242],{"class":66},[52,120646,34897],{"class":108},[52,120648,105],{"class":66},[52,120650,73651],{"class":201},[52,120652,63],{"class":62},[52,120654,173],{"class":674},[52,120656,112],{"class":66},[52,120658,120659,120661,120663,120665],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,120660,118],{"class":101},[52,120662,105],{"class":66},[52,120664,109],{"class":108},[52,120666,112],{"class":66},[20,120668,120669],{},[3842,120670,311],{},[43,120672,120674],{"className":45,"code":120673,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120675,120676,120692],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120677,120678,120680,120682,120684,120686,120688,120690],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120679,3994],{"class":66},[52,120681,445],{"class":70},[52,120683,74],{"class":66},[52,120685,77],{"class":70},[52,120687,74],{"class":66},[52,120689,5586],{"class":70},[52,120691,90],{"class":66},[52,120693,120694,120696,120698,120700,120702,120704,120706],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120695,3994],{"class":66},[52,120697,445],{"class":70},[52,120699,74],{"class":66},[52,120701,77],{"class":70},[52,120703,74],{"class":66},[52,120705,5586],{"class":70},[52,120707,90],{"class":66},[461,120709,120711],{"id":120710},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[43,120713,120715],{"className":45,"code":120714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120716,120717,120749,120753,120779,120783,120805],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120718,120719,120721,120723,120725,120727,120729,120731,120733,120735,120737,120739,120741,120743,120745,120747],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120720,749],{"class":58},[52,120722,63],{"class":62},[52,120724,67],{"class":66},[52,120726,757],{"class":756},[52,120728,83434],{"class":760},[52,120730,757],{"class":756},[52,120732,74],{"class":66},[52,120734,768],{"class":756},[52,120736,4171],{"class":760},[52,120738,757],{"class":756},[52,120740,74],{"class":66},[52,120742,768],{"class":756},[52,120744,118904],{"class":760},[52,120746,757],{"class":756},[52,120748,90],{"class":66},[52,120750,120751],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120752,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120754,120755,120757,120759,120761,120763,120765,120767,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120756,118],{"class":101},[52,120758,105],{"class":66},[52,120760,74588],{"class":101},[52,120762,105],{"class":66},[52,120764,788],{"class":108},[52,120766,74],{"class":66},[52,120768,21674],{"class":201},[52,120770,63],{"class":62},[52,120772,3550],{"class":1184},[52,120774,242],{"class":66},[52,120776,8726],{"class":24845},[52,120778,510],{"class":66},[52,120780,120781],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,120782,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120784,120785,120787,120789,120791,120793,120795,120797,120799,120801,120803],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,120786,788],{"class":58},[52,120788,242],{"class":66},[52,120790,34897],{"class":108},[52,120792,105],{"class":66},[52,120794,14932],{"class":201},[52,120796,63],{"class":62},[52,120798,3550],{"class":1184},[52,120800,242],{"class":66},[52,120802,8726],{"class":24845},[52,120804,112],{"class":66},[52,120806,120807,120809,120811,120813],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,120808,118],{"class":101},[52,120810,105],{"class":66},[52,120812,788],{"class":108},[52,120814,112],{"class":66},[20,120816,120817],{},[3842,120818,311],{},[43,120820,120822],{"className":45,"code":120821,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120823,120824,120852],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120825,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844,120846,120848,120850],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120827,3994],{"class":66},[52,120829,3406],{"class":756},[52,120831,4171],{"class":760},[52,120833,3406],{"class":756},[52,120835,74],{"class":66},[52,120837,3401],{"class":756},[52,120839,83434],{"class":760},[52,120841,3406],{"class":756},[52,120843,74],{"class":66},[52,120845,3401],{"class":756},[52,120847,118904],{"class":760},[52,120849,3406],{"class":756},[52,120851,90],{"class":66},[52,120853,120854,120856,120858,120860,120862,120864,120866,120868,120870,120872,120874,120876,120878],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120855,3994],{"class":66},[52,120857,3406],{"class":756},[52,120859,4171],{"class":760},[52,120861,3406],{"class":756},[52,120863,74],{"class":66},[52,120865,3401],{"class":756},[52,120867,83434],{"class":760},[52,120869,3406],{"class":756},[52,120871,74],{"class":66},[52,120873,3401],{"class":756},[52,120875,118904],{"class":760},[52,120877,3406],{"class":756},[52,120879,90],{"class":66},[20,120881,1372,120882,120884],{},[15,120883,78658],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120886,120887,120888,242],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[236,120889,120891],{"href":120890},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[38,120893,120895],{"id":120894},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120897,120898],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[461,120900,120902,120903,12685],{"id":120901},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120904,77940],{},[20,120906,120907],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[43,120909,120911],{"className":45,"code":120910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120912,120913,120933,120937,120951,120955,120965],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120914,120915,120917,120919,120921,120923,120925,120927,120929,120931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120916,59],{"class":58},[52,120918,63],{"class":62},[52,120920,67],{"class":66},[52,120922,445],{"class":70},[52,120924,74],{"class":66},[52,120926,5586],{"class":70},[52,120928,74],{"class":66},[52,120930,77],{"class":70},[52,120932,90],{"class":66},[52,120934,120935],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120936,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120938,120939,120941,120943,120945,120947,120949],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,120940,2347],{"class":58},[52,120942,63],{"class":62},[52,120944,1686],{"class":58},[52,120946,242],{"class":66},[52,120948,34897],{"class":108},[52,120950,8729],{"class":66},[52,120952,120953],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,120954,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,120956,120957,120959,120961,120963],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,120958,118],{"class":101},[52,120960,105],{"class":66},[52,120962,2382],{"class":108},[52,120964,112],{"class":66},[52,120966,120967,120969,120971,120973],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,120968,118],{"class":101},[52,120970,105],{"class":66},[52,120972,109],{"class":108},[52,120974,112],{"class":66},[20,120976,120977],{},[3842,120978,311],{},[43,120980,120981],{"className":45,"code":79281,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,120982,120983,120987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,120984,120985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,120986,11895],{"class":674},[52,120988,120989,120991,120993,120995,120997,120999,121001],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,120990,3994],{"class":66},[52,120992,71],{"class":70},[52,120994,74],{"class":66},[52,120996,77],{"class":70},[52,120998,74],{"class":66},[52,121000,82],{"class":70},[52,121002,90],{"class":66},[20,121004,11987],{},[153,121006,121007,121012,121017],{},[156,121008,121009,121011],{},[15,121010,120014],{}," sorts the list in place",[156,121013,35113,121014,121016],{},[3842,121015,4722],{}," return the sorted list",[156,121018,90058,121019,42241,121021],{},[15,121020,2382],{},[15,121022,3878],{},[461,121024,121026,121027,121029],{"id":121025},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,121028,74498],{}," to change the original list",[43,121031,121033],{"className":45,"code":121032,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,121034,121035,121055,121059,121069,121073],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121036,121037,121039,121041,121043,121045,121047,121049,121051,121053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121038,59],{"class":58},[52,121040,63],{"class":62},[52,121042,67],{"class":66},[52,121044,445],{"class":70},[52,121046,74],{"class":66},[52,121048,5586],{"class":70},[52,121050,74],{"class":66},[52,121052,77],{"class":70},[52,121054,90],{"class":66},[52,121056,121057],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121058,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,121060,121061,121063,121065,121067],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121062,74588],{"class":101},[52,121064,105],{"class":66},[52,121066,109],{"class":108},[52,121068,112],{"class":66},[52,121070,121071],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,121072,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,121074,121075,121077,121079,121081],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,121076,118],{"class":101},[52,121078,105],{"class":66},[52,121080,109],{"class":108},[52,121082,112],{"class":66},[20,121084,121085],{},[3842,121086,311],{},[43,121088,121089],{"className":45,"code":119236,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121090,121091],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121092,121093,121095,121097,121099,121101,121103,121105],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121094,3994],{"class":66},[52,121096,445],{"class":70},[52,121098,74],{"class":66},[52,121100,5586],{"class":70},[52,121102,74],{"class":66},[52,121104,77],{"class":70},[52,121106,90],{"class":66},[20,121108,121109,121112],{},[15,121110,121111],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,121114,10895],{},[43,121116,121118],{"className":45,"code":121117,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,121119,121120,121140,121144,121158,121162],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121121,121122,121124,121126,121128,121130,121132,121134,121136,121138],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121123,59],{"class":58},[52,121125,63],{"class":62},[52,121127,67],{"class":66},[52,121129,445],{"class":70},[52,121131,74],{"class":66},[52,121133,5586],{"class":70},[52,121135,74],{"class":66},[52,121137,77],{"class":70},[52,121139,90],{"class":66},[52,121141,121142],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121143,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,121145,121146,121148,121150,121152,121154,121156],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121147,55722],{"class":58},[52,121149,63],{"class":62},[52,121151,74632],{"class":101},[52,121153,105],{"class":66},[52,121155,109],{"class":108},[52,121157,112],{"class":66},[52,121159,121160],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,121161,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,121163,121164,121166,121168,121170],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,121165,118],{"class":101},[52,121167,105],{"class":66},[52,121169,55741],{"class":108},[52,121171,112],{"class":66},[461,121173,121175,121176,121178],{"id":121174},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,121177,64387],{}," on a tuple or string",[43,121180,121181],{"className":45,"code":79383,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,121182,121183,121195],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121184,121185,121187,121189,121191,121193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121186,34785],{"class":58},[52,121188,63],{"class":62},[52,121190,768],{"class":756},[52,121192,47],{"class":760},[52,121194,3465],{"class":756},[52,121196,121197,121199,121201,121203],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121198,34806],{"class":58},[52,121200,242],{"class":66},[52,121202,34897],{"class":108},[52,121204,8729],{"class":66},[20,121206,121207,121208,33697],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,121209,64387],{},[20,121211,121212,121214],{},[15,121213,64387],{}," only works on lists.",[20,121216,121217,121218,121220,121221,242],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,121219,74498],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[236,121222,5230],{"href":5675},[461,121224,121226,121227,119273],{"id":121225},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,121228,74498],{},[43,121230,121232],{"className":45,"code":121231,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,121233,121234,121247,121261,121265,121275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121235,121236,121238,121240,121242,121245],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121237,34785],{"class":58},[52,121239,63],{"class":62},[52,121241,768],{"class":756},[52,121243,121244],{"class":760},"cab",[52,121246,3465],{"class":756},[52,121248,121249,121251,121253,121255,121257,121259],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121250,2347],{"class":58},[52,121252,63],{"class":62},[52,121254,74632],{"class":101},[52,121256,105],{"class":66},[52,121258,34806],{"class":108},[52,121260,112],{"class":66},[52,121262,121263],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121264,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,121266,121267,121269,121271,121273],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,121268,118],{"class":101},[52,121270,105],{"class":66},[52,121272,2382],{"class":108},[52,121274,112],{"class":66},[52,121276,121277,121279,121281,121283,121285,121287],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,121278,118],{"class":101},[52,121280,105],{"class":66},[52,121282,1827],{"class":1184},[52,121284,105],{"class":66},[52,121286,2382],{"class":108},[52,121288,510],{"class":66},[20,121290,121291],{},[3842,121292,311],{},[43,121294,121296],{"className":45,"code":121295,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,121297,121298,121326],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121299,121300,121302,121304,121306,121308,121310,121312,121314,121316,121318,121320,121322,121324],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121301,3994],{"class":66},[52,121303,3406],{"class":756},[52,121305,236],{"class":760},[52,121307,3406],{"class":756},[52,121309,74],{"class":66},[52,121311,3401],{"class":756},[52,121313,4853],{"class":760},[52,121315,3406],{"class":756},[52,121317,74],{"class":66},[52,121319,3401],{"class":756},[52,121321,9825],{"class":760},[52,121323,3406],{"class":756},[52,121325,90],{"class":66},[52,121327,121328,121330,121332,121334,121336,121338],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121329,3395],{"class":62},[52,121331,3398],{"class":2184},[52,121333,3401],{"class":756},[52,121335,8179],{"class":760},[52,121337,3406],{"class":756},[52,121339,3409],{"class":62},[20,121341,121342],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[38,121344,113794],{"id":113793},[20,121346,121347],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[153,121349,121350,121353,121358,121363,121369],{},[156,121351,121352],{},"confusing a function with a method",[156,121354,121355,121356,53725],{},"not knowing that ",[15,121357,64387],{},[156,121359,121360,121361,12685],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,121362,77940],{},[156,121364,121365,121366,121368],{},"trying to use ",[15,121367,64387],{}," on non-list data types",[156,121370,50589,121371,121373],{},[15,121372,74498],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,121375,121376],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[43,121378,121380],{"className":45,"code":121379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,121381,121382,121392,121406,121431,121446,121456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121383,121384,121386,121388,121390],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121385,118],{"class":101},[52,121387,105],{"class":66},[52,121389,8425],{"class":108},[52,121391,112],{"class":66},[52,121393,121394,121396,121398,121400,121402,121404],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121395,118],{"class":101},[52,121397,105],{"class":66},[52,121399,74588],{"class":101},[52,121401,105],{"class":66},[52,121403,8425],{"class":108},[52,121405,510],{"class":66},[52,121407,121408,121410,121412,121414,121416,121418,121420,121423,121425,121427,121429],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121409,2347],{"class":58},[52,121411,63],{"class":62},[52,121413,8482],{"class":58},[52,121415,242],{"class":66},[52,121417,34897],{"class":108},[52,121419,7448],{"class":66},[52,121421,121422],{"class":58},"; ",[52,121424,118],{"class":101},[52,121426,105],{"class":66},[52,121428,2382],{"class":108},[52,121430,112],{"class":66},[52,121432,121433,121435,121437,121439,121441,121444],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,121434,118],{"class":101},[52,121436,105],{"class":66},[52,121438,1827],{"class":1184},[52,121440,105],{"class":66},[52,121442,121443],{"class":108},"my_data",[52,121445,510],{"class":66},[52,121447,121448,121450,121452,121454],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,121449,32248],{"class":101},[52,121451,105],{"class":66},[52,121453,74588],{"class":101},[52,121455,112],{"class":66},[52,121457,121458,121460,121462,121464,121466,121468],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,121459,32248],{"class":101},[52,121461,105],{"class":66},[52,121463,8179],{"class":1184},[52,121465,242],{"class":66},[52,121467,34897],{"class":24845},[52,121469,112],{"class":66},[20,121471,84444],{},[153,121473,121474,121477,121481,121489],{},[156,121475,121476],{},"whether your original list changed",[156,121478,26114,121479,11793],{},[15,121480,74498],{},[156,121482,121483,121484,121486,121487],{},"whether ",[15,121485,64387],{}," returned ",[15,121488,3878],{},[156,121490,121491],{},"what type of object you are working with",[38,121493,121495],{"id":121494},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121497,121498],{},"Use this rule:",[153,121500,121501,121509],{},[156,121502,121503,121504,121506,121507],{},"Need a ",[3842,121505,119597],{},": use ",[15,121508,74498],{},[156,121510,121511,121512,121506,121515],{},"Need to ",[3842,121513,121514],{},"change one list directly",[15,121516,77940],{},[20,121518,121519,121520,121522],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121521,74498],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[38,121524,1919],{"id":1918},[461,121526,121528,121529,1943,121531,1963],{"id":121527},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121530,74498],{},[15,121532,77940],{},[20,121534,121535,121537],{},[15,121536,74498],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[461,121539,1973,121541,5252,121543,1963],{"id":121540},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121542,77940],{},[15,121544,3878],{},[20,121546,121547],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[461,121549,1933,121551,121553],{"id":121550},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121552,74498],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121555,121556],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[461,121558,28423,121560,121562],{"id":121559},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121561,64387],{}," on a string?",[20,121564,46450,121565,121567,121568,40022],{},[15,121566,64387],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121569,121570],{},"sorted(string)",[461,121572,11906,121574,652,121576,121578],{"id":121573},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121575,74498],{},[15,121577,64387],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121580,121581,121582,242],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121583,78164],{},[38,121585,1986],{"id":1985},[153,121587,121588,121594,121600,121604,121608],{},[156,121589,121590],{},[236,121591,13,121592,1999],{"href":74595},[15,121593,74498],{},[156,121595,121596],{},[236,121597,13,121598,10828],{"href":74849},[15,121599,77940],{},[156,121601,121602],{},[236,121603,79946],{"href":78449},[156,121605,121606],{},[236,121607,120891],{"href":120890},[156,121609,121610],{},[236,121611,52853],{"href":51063},[2029,121613,121614],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":121616},[121617,121618,121619,121623,121627,121630,121634,121638,121643,121653,121654,121655,121667],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":119685,"depth":93,"text":119686},{"id":117789,"depth":93,"text":119510,"children":121620},[121621],{"id":119752,"depth":115,"text":121622},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":78006,"depth":93,"text":79968,"children":121624},[121625],{"id":119929,"depth":115,"text":121626},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":120025,"depth":93,"text":120026,"children":121628},[121629],{"id":120051,"depth":115,"text":120052},{"id":120257,"depth":93,"text":121631,"children":121632},"When to use sorted()",[121633],{"id":120279,"depth":115,"text":120280},{"id":120414,"depth":93,"text":121635,"children":121636},"When to use list.sort()",[121637],{"id":120437,"depth":115,"text":120438},{"id":120551,"depth":93,"text":121639,"children":121640},"reverse and key work with both",[121641,121642],{"id":120582,"depth":115,"text":120583},{"id":120710,"depth":115,"text":120711},{"id":120894,"depth":93,"text":120895,"children":121644},[121645,121647,121649,121651],{"id":120901,"depth":115,"text":121646},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":121025,"depth":115,"text":121648},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":121174,"depth":115,"text":121650},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":121225,"depth":115,"text":121652},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113793,"depth":93,"text":113794},{"id":121494,"depth":93,"text":121495},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":121656},[121657,121659,121661,121663,121665],{"id":121527,"depth":115,"text":121658},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121540,"depth":115,"text":121660},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121550,"depth":115,"text":121662},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121559,"depth":115,"text":121664},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121573,"depth":115,"text":121666},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119556,"description":121668},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121674,"title":42261,"body":121675,"description":123407,"extension":2083,"meta":123408,"navigation":296,"path":123409,"seo":123410,"stem":123411,"__hash__":123412},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121676,"toc":123364},[121677,121682,121687,121693,121695,121750,121754,121777,121782,121787,121792,121794,121825,121828,121842,121844,121846,121861,121866,121870,121873,121924,121928,121942,121949,121953,121957,122012,122016,122039,122043,122099,122103,122126,122130,122185,122189,122212,122216,122283,122287,122322,122328,122333,122338,122340,122354,122356,122430,122434,122454,122459,122466,122469,122481,122483,122552,122556,122593,122596,122621,122628,122637,122640,122652,122658,122664,122666,122672,122677,122756,122760,122801,122805,122807,122834,122837,122860,122863,122869,122872,122909,122921,122928,122930,122981,122984,123016,123019,123021,123028,123030,123045,123047,123104,123108,123132,123134,123139,123155,123162,123166,123169,123252,123262,123264,123269,123272,123278,123281,123287,123290,123296,123299,123306,123314,123316,123361],[10,121678,13,121680,18],{"id":121679},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121681,862],{},[20,121683,32413,121684,121686],{},[15,121685,862],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121688,121689,121690,121692],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121691,862],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[38,121694,41],{"id":40},[43,121696,121698],{"className":45,"code":121697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121699,121700,121708,121722,121726,121736],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121701,121702,121704,121706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121703,21723],{"class":58},[52,121705,63],{"class":62},[52,121707,45310],{"class":70},[52,121709,121710,121712,121714,121716,121718,121720],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121711,34785],{"class":58},[52,121713,63],{"class":62},[52,121715,48987],{"class":1184},[52,121717,105],{"class":66},[52,121719,9384],{"class":108},[52,121721,112],{"class":66},[52,121723,121724],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121725,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,121727,121728,121730,121732,121734],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,121729,118],{"class":101},[52,121731,105],{"class":66},[52,121733,34806],{"class":108},[52,121735,112],{"class":66},[52,121737,121738,121740,121742,121744,121746,121748],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,121739,118],{"class":101},[52,121741,105],{"class":66},[52,121743,1827],{"class":1184},[52,121745,105],{"class":66},[52,121747,34806],{"class":108},[52,121749,510],{"class":66},[20,121751,121752],{},[3842,121753,311],{},[43,121755,121757],{"className":45,"code":121756,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121758,121759,121763],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121760,121761],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121762,2822],{"class":70},[52,121764,121765,121767,121769,121771,121773,121775],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121766,3395],{"class":62},[52,121768,3398],{"class":2184},[52,121770,3401],{"class":756},[52,121772,3550],{"class":760},[52,121774,3406],{"class":756},[52,121776,3409],{"class":62},[20,121778,133,121779,121781],{},[15,121780,862],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[38,121783,140,121785,143],{"id":121784},"what-str-does",[15,121786,862],{},[20,121788,121789,121791],{},[15,121790,862],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121793,2226],{},[153,121795,121796,121803,121810,121817],{},[156,121797,121798,121799,42241,121801],{},"An integer like ",[15,121800,430],{},[15,121802,42212],{},[156,121804,121805,121806,42241,121808],{},"A float like ",[15,121807,40235],{},[15,121809,48177],{},[156,121811,121812,121813,42241,121815],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121814,173],{},[15,121816,6722],{},[156,121818,121819,121820,42241,121822],{},"A list like ",[15,121821,75320],{},[15,121823,121824],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121826,121827],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[153,121829,121830,121833,121836,121839],{},[156,121831,121832],{},"print it",[156,121834,121835],{},"combine it with other strings",[156,121837,121838],{},"save it to a file",[156,121840,121841],{},"use it in messages",[38,121843,181],{"id":180},[20,121845,7300],{},[43,121847,121849],{"className":45,"code":121848,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"str(object)\n",[15,121850,121851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121852,121853,121855,121857,121859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121854,3550],{"class":1184},[52,121856,105],{"class":66},[52,121858,42482],{"class":1184},[52,121860,112],{"class":66},[20,121862,20865,121863,121865],{},[15,121864,42482],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121867,121868,8311],{},[15,121869,862],{},[20,121871,121872],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[43,121874,121876],{"className":45,"code":121875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121877,121878,121887,121910,121914],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121879,121880,121882,121884],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121881,5189],{"class":58},[52,121883,63],{"class":62},[52,121885,121886],{"class":70}," 100\n",[52,121888,121889,121891,121893,121895,121898,121900,121902,121904,121906,121908],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121890,90078],{"class":58},[52,121892,63],{"class":62},[52,121894,768],{"class":756},[52,121896,121897],{"class":760},"Your score is ",[52,121899,757],{"class":756},[52,121901,2570],{"class":62},[52,121903,48987],{"class":1184},[52,121905,105],{"class":66},[52,121907,85591],{"class":108},[52,121909,112],{"class":66},[52,121911,121912],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121913,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,121915,121916,121918,121920,121922],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,121917,118],{"class":101},[52,121919,105],{"class":66},[52,121921,90095],{"class":108},[52,121923,112],{"class":66},[20,121925,121926],{},[3842,121927,311],{},[43,121929,121931],{"className":45,"code":121930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121932,121933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121934,121935,121938,121940],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121936,121937],{"class":58},"Your score ",[52,121939,12281],{"class":62},[52,121941,121886],{"class":70},[20,121943,2414,121944,121948],{},[236,121945,121946,2421],{"href":2417},[15,121947,2420],{}," can help you check.",[38,121950,121952],{"id":121951},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[461,121954,121956],{"id":121955},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[43,121958,121960],{"className":45,"code":121959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121961,121962,121970,121984,121988,121998],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,121963,121964,121966,121968],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,121965,2334],{"class":58},[52,121967,63],{"class":62},[52,121969,2701],{"class":70},[52,121971,121972,121974,121976,121978,121980,121982],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,121973,34785],{"class":58},[52,121975,63],{"class":62},[52,121977,48987],{"class":1184},[52,121979,105],{"class":66},[52,121981,2357],{"class":108},[52,121983,112],{"class":66},[52,121985,121986],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,121987,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,121989,121990,121992,121994,121996],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,121991,118],{"class":101},[52,121993,105],{"class":66},[52,121995,34806],{"class":108},[52,121997,112],{"class":66},[52,121999,122000,122002,122004,122006,122008,122010],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,122001,118],{"class":101},[52,122003,105],{"class":66},[52,122005,1827],{"class":1184},[52,122007,105],{"class":66},[52,122009,34806],{"class":108},[52,122011,510],{"class":66},[20,122013,122014],{},[3842,122015,311],{},[43,122017,122019],{"className":45,"code":122018,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122020,122021,122025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122022,122023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122024,515],{"class":70},[52,122026,122027,122029,122031,122033,122035,122037],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122028,3395],{"class":62},[52,122030,3398],{"class":2184},[52,122032,3401],{"class":756},[52,122034,3550],{"class":760},[52,122036,3406],{"class":756},[52,122038,3409],{"class":62},[461,122040,122042],{"id":122041},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[43,122044,122046],{"className":45,"code":122045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122047,122048,122057,122071,122075,122085],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122049,122050,122052,122054],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122051,40479],{"class":58},[52,122053,63],{"class":62},[52,122055,122056],{"class":70}," 3.14\n",[52,122058,122059,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122060,34785],{"class":58},[52,122062,63],{"class":62},[52,122064,48987],{"class":1184},[52,122066,105],{"class":66},[52,122068,25244],{"class":108},[52,122070,112],{"class":66},[52,122072,122073],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122074,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,122076,122077,122079,122081,122083],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,122078,118],{"class":101},[52,122080,105],{"class":66},[52,122082,34806],{"class":108},[52,122084,112],{"class":66},[52,122086,122087,122089,122091,122093,122095,122097],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,122088,118],{"class":101},[52,122090,105],{"class":66},[52,122092,1827],{"class":1184},[52,122094,105],{"class":66},[52,122096,34806],{"class":108},[52,122098,510],{"class":66},[20,122100,122101],{},[3842,122102,311],{},[43,122104,122106],{"className":45,"code":122105,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122107,122108,122112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122109,122110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122111,40269],{"class":70},[52,122113,122114,122116,122118,122120,122122,122124],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122115,3395],{"class":62},[52,122117,3398],{"class":2184},[52,122119,3401],{"class":756},[52,122121,3550],{"class":760},[52,122123,3406],{"class":756},[52,122125,3409],{"class":62},[461,122127,122129],{"id":122128},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[43,122131,122133],{"className":45,"code":122132,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122134,122135,122143,122157,122161,122171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122136,122137,122139,122141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122138,2563],{"class":58},[52,122140,63],{"class":62},[52,122142,6506],{"class":674},[52,122144,122145,122147,122149,122151,122153,122155],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122146,34785],{"class":58},[52,122148,63],{"class":62},[52,122150,48987],{"class":1184},[52,122152,105],{"class":66},[52,122154,2588],{"class":108},[52,122156,112],{"class":66},[52,122158,122159],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122160,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,122162,122163,122165,122167,122169],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,122164,118],{"class":101},[52,122166,105],{"class":66},[52,122168,34806],{"class":108},[52,122170,112],{"class":66},[52,122172,122173,122175,122177,122179,122181,122183],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,122174,118],{"class":101},[52,122176,105],{"class":66},[52,122178,1827],{"class":1184},[52,122180,105],{"class":66},[52,122182,34806],{"class":108},[52,122184,510],{"class":66},[20,122186,122187],{},[3842,122188,311],{},[43,122190,122192],{"className":45,"code":122191,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122193,122194,122198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122195,122196],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122197,4072],{"class":674},[52,122199,122200,122202,122204,122206,122208,122210],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122201,3395],{"class":62},[52,122203,3398],{"class":2184},[52,122205,3401],{"class":756},[52,122207,3550],{"class":760},[52,122209,3406],{"class":756},[52,122211,3409],{"class":62},[461,122213,122215],{"id":122214},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[43,122217,122219],{"className":45,"code":122218,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122220,122221,122241,122255,122259,122269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122222,122223,122225,122227,122229,122231,122233,122235,122237,122239],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122224,7863],{"class":58},[52,122226,63],{"class":62},[52,122228,67],{"class":66},[52,122230,71],{"class":70},[52,122232,74],{"class":66},[52,122234,77],{"class":70},[52,122236,74],{"class":66},[52,122238,82],{"class":70},[52,122240,90],{"class":66},[52,122242,122243,122245,122247,122249,122251,122253],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122244,34785],{"class":58},[52,122246,63],{"class":62},[52,122248,48987],{"class":1184},[52,122250,105],{"class":66},[52,122252,7894],{"class":108},[52,122254,112],{"class":66},[52,122256,122257],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122258,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,122260,122261,122263,122265,122267],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,122262,118],{"class":101},[52,122264,105],{"class":66},[52,122266,34806],{"class":108},[52,122268,112],{"class":66},[52,122270,122271,122273,122275,122277,122279,122281],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,122272,118],{"class":101},[52,122274,105],{"class":66},[52,122276,1827],{"class":1184},[52,122278,105],{"class":66},[52,122280,34806],{"class":108},[52,122282,510],{"class":66},[20,122284,122285],{},[3842,122286,311],{},[43,122288,122290],{"className":45,"code":122289,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122291,122292,122308],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122293,122294,122296,122298,122300,122302,122304,122306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122295,3994],{"class":66},[52,122297,71],{"class":70},[52,122299,74],{"class":66},[52,122301,77],{"class":70},[52,122303,74],{"class":66},[52,122305,82],{"class":70},[52,122307,90],{"class":66},[52,122309,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318,122320],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122311,3395],{"class":62},[52,122313,3398],{"class":2184},[52,122315,3401],{"class":756},[52,122317,3550],{"class":760},[52,122319,3406],{"class":756},[52,122321,3409],{"class":62},[20,122323,122324,122325,122327],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3842,122326,4722],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[38,122329,5054,122331],{"id":122330},"when-to-use-str",[15,122332,862],{},[20,122334,133,122335,122337],{},[15,122336,862],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,122339,36520],{},[153,122341,122342,122345,122348,122351],{},[156,122343,122344],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[156,122346,122347],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[156,122349,122350],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[156,122352,122353],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,122355,2324],{},[43,122357,122359],{"className":45,"code":122358,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,122360,122361,122373,122381,122385,122420],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122362,122363,122365,122367,122369,122371],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122364,7961],{"class":58},[52,122366,63],{"class":62},[52,122368,768],{"class":756},[52,122370,11597],{"class":760},[52,122372,3465],{"class":756},[52,122374,122375,122377,122379],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122376,21723],{"class":58},[52,122378,63],{"class":62},[52,122380,45310],{"class":70},[52,122382,122383],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122384,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,122386,122387,122389,122391,122393,122395,122397,122399,122401,122403,122405,122407,122409,122411,122413,122415,122418],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,122388,90078],{"class":58},[52,122390,63],{"class":62},[52,122392,36068],{"class":58},[52,122394,2179],{"class":62},[52,122396,768],{"class":756},[52,122398,4876],{"class":760},[52,122400,757],{"class":756},[52,122402,2570],{"class":62},[52,122404,48987],{"class":1184},[52,122406,105],{"class":66},[52,122408,9384],{"class":108},[52,122410,126],{"class":66},[52,122412,2570],{"class":62},[52,122414,768],{"class":756},[52,122416,122417],{"class":760}," years old.",[52,122419,3465],{"class":756},[52,122421,122422,122424,122426,122428],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,122423,118],{"class":101},[52,122425,105],{"class":66},[52,122427,90095],{"class":108},[52,122429,112],{"class":66},[20,122431,122432],{},[3842,122433,311],{},[43,122435,122437],{"className":45,"code":122436,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,122438,122439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122440,122441,122444,122446,122448,122451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122442,122443],{"class":58},"Maya ",[52,122445,12281],{"class":62},[52,122447,9391],{"class":70},[52,122449,122450],{"class":58}," years old",[52,122452,122453],{"class":66},".\n",[20,122455,122456,122457,242],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[236,122458,89764],{"href":89763},[38,122460,122462,10672,122464],{"id":122461},"str-vs-print",[15,122463,862],{},[15,122465,46537],{},[20,122467,122468],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[153,122470,122471,122476],{},[156,122472,122473,122475],{},[15,122474,862],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[156,122477,122478,122480],{},[15,122479,46537],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122482,2324],{},[43,122484,122486],{"className":45,"code":122485,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122487,122488,122496,122500,122514,122524,122538],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122489,122490,122492,122494],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122491,2563],{"class":58},[52,122493,63],{"class":62},[52,122495,2882],{"class":70},[52,122497,122498],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122499,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,122501,122502,122504,122506,122508,122510,122512],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122503,34785],{"class":58},[52,122505,63],{"class":62},[52,122507,48987],{"class":1184},[52,122509,105],{"class":66},[52,122511,2588],{"class":108},[52,122513,112],{"class":66},[52,122515,122516,122518,122520,122522],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,122517,118],{"class":101},[52,122519,105],{"class":66},[52,122521,34806],{"class":108},[52,122523,112],{"class":66},[52,122525,122526,122528,122530,122532,122534,122536],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,122527,118],{"class":101},[52,122529,105],{"class":66},[52,122531,1827],{"class":1184},[52,122533,105],{"class":66},[52,122535,34806],{"class":108},[52,122537,510],{"class":66},[52,122539,122540,122542,122544,122546,122548,122550],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,122541,118],{"class":101},[52,122543,105],{"class":66},[52,122545,1827],{"class":1184},[52,122547,105],{"class":66},[52,122549,2588],{"class":108},[52,122551,510],{"class":66},[20,122553,122554],{},[3842,122555,311],{},[43,122557,122559],{"className":45,"code":122558,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122560,122561,122565,122579],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122562,122563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122564,46697],{"class":70},[52,122566,122567,122569,122571,122573,122575,122577],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122568,3395],{"class":62},[52,122570,3398],{"class":2184},[52,122572,3401],{"class":756},[52,122574,3550],{"class":760},[52,122576,3406],{"class":756},[52,122578,3409],{"class":62},[52,122580,122581,122583,122585,122587,122589,122591],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122582,3395],{"class":62},[52,122584,3398],{"class":2184},[52,122586,3401],{"class":756},[52,122588,1185],{"class":760},[52,122590,3406],{"class":756},[52,122592,3409],{"class":62},[20,122594,122595],{},"Notice:",[153,122597,122598,122604,122609],{},[156,122599,122600,122603],{},[15,122601,122602],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[156,122605,122606,122608],{},[15,122607,46537],{}," only displayed values",[156,122610,122611,122613,122614,122616,122617,61377,122619],{},[15,122612,46537],{}," did not change ",[15,122615,2588],{}," from ",[15,122618,1185],{},[15,122620,3550],{},[20,122622,122623,122624,242],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[236,122625,122626,2421],{"href":46534},[15,122627,46537],{},[38,122629,122631,10672,122633,122636],{"id":122630},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122632,862],{},[15,122634,122635],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122638,122639],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[153,122641,122642,122647],{},[156,122643,122644,122646],{},[15,122645,862],{}," is the more readable text version",[156,122648,122649,122651],{},[15,122650,122635],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122653,122654,122655,122657],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122656,862],{}," much more often.",[20,122659,122660,122661,122663],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122662,862],{}," is usually the right choice.",[38,122665,4610],{"id":4609},[461,122667,25869,122669,122671],{"id":122668},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122670,862],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122673,122674,122676],{},[15,122675,862],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[43,122678,122680],{"className":45,"code":122679,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122681,122682,122690,122704,122708,122718,122732,122742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122683,122684,122686,122688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122685,21723],{"class":58},[52,122687,63],{"class":62},[52,122689,45310],{"class":70},[52,122691,122692,122694,122696,122698,122700,122702],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122693,34785],{"class":58},[52,122695,63],{"class":62},[52,122697,48987],{"class":1184},[52,122699,105],{"class":66},[52,122701,9384],{"class":108},[52,122703,112],{"class":66},[52,122705,122706],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122707,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,122709,122710,122712,122714,122716],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,122711,118],{"class":101},[52,122713,105],{"class":66},[52,122715,9384],{"class":108},[52,122717,112],{"class":66},[52,122719,122720,122722,122724,122726,122728,122730],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,122721,118],{"class":101},[52,122723,105],{"class":66},[52,122725,1827],{"class":1184},[52,122727,105],{"class":66},[52,122729,9384],{"class":108},[52,122731,510],{"class":66},[52,122733,122734,122736,122738,122740],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,122735,118],{"class":101},[52,122737,105],{"class":66},[52,122739,34806],{"class":108},[52,122741,112],{"class":66},[52,122743,122744,122746,122748,122750,122752,122754],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,122745,118],{"class":101},[52,122747,105],{"class":66},[52,122749,1827],{"class":1184},[52,122751,105],{"class":66},[52,122753,34806],{"class":108},[52,122755,510],{"class":66},[20,122757,122758],{},[3842,122759,311],{},[43,122761,122763],{"className":45,"code":122762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122764,122765,122769,122783,122787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122766,122767],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122768,2822],{"class":70},[52,122770,122771,122773,122775,122777,122779,122781],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122772,3395],{"class":62},[52,122774,3398],{"class":2184},[52,122776,3401],{"class":756},[52,122778,1185],{"class":760},[52,122780,3406],{"class":756},[52,122782,3409],{"class":62},[52,122784,122785],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122786,2822],{"class":70},[52,122788,122789,122791,122793,122795,122797,122799],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,122790,3395],{"class":62},[52,122792,3398],{"class":2184},[52,122794,3401],{"class":756},[52,122796,3550],{"class":760},[52,122798,3406],{"class":756},[52,122800,3409],{"class":62},[461,122802,122804],{"id":122803},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122806,6769],{},[43,122808,122810],{"className":45,"code":122809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122811,122812,122820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122813,122814,122816,122818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122815,21723],{"class":58},[52,122817,63],{"class":62},[52,122819,45310],{"class":70},[52,122821,122822,122824,122826,122828,122830,122832],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122823,34785],{"class":58},[52,122825,63],{"class":62},[52,122827,48987],{"class":1184},[52,122829,105],{"class":66},[52,122831,9384],{"class":108},[52,122833,112],{"class":66},[20,122835,122836],{},"But if you only do this:",[43,122838,122840],{"className":45,"code":122839,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122841,122842,122850],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122843,122844,122846,122848],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122845,21723],{"class":58},[52,122847,63],{"class":62},[52,122849,45310],{"class":70},[52,122851,122852,122854,122856,122858],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122853,3550],{"class":1184},[52,122855,105],{"class":66},[52,122857,9384],{"class":108},[52,122859,112],{"class":66},[20,122861,122862],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[461,122864,1372,122866,122868],{"id":122865},"using-str-too-early",[15,122867,862],{}," too early",[20,122870,122871],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[43,122873,122875],{"className":45,"code":122874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122876,122877,122885,122900,122904],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122878,122879,122881,122883],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122880,40479],{"class":58},[52,122882,63],{"class":62},[52,122884,2701],{"class":70},[52,122886,122887,122890,122892,122894,122896,122898],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122888,122889],{"class":58},"text_price ",[52,122891,63],{"class":62},[52,122893,48987],{"class":1184},[52,122895,105],{"class":66},[52,122897,25244],{"class":108},[52,122899,112],{"class":66},[52,122901,122902],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,122903,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,122905,122906],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,122907,122908],{"class":129},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122910,122911,122912,1943,122916,122920],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[236,122913,122914],{"href":2986},[15,122915,2989],{},[236,122917,122918],{"href":2992},[15,122919,2995],{},", depending on the situation.",[461,122922,8538,122924,122927],{"id":122923},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122925,122926],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122929,64719],{},[43,122931,122933],{"className":45,"code":122932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122934,122935,122967],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122936,122937,122939,122941,122943,122945,122947,122949,122951,122953,122955,122957,122959,122961,122963,122965],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122938,7863],{"class":58},[52,122940,63],{"class":62},[52,122942,67],{"class":66},[52,122944,757],{"class":756},[52,122946,4171],{"class":760},[52,122948,757],{"class":756},[52,122950,74],{"class":66},[52,122952,768],{"class":756},[52,122954,4180],{"class":760},[52,122956,757],{"class":756},[52,122958,74],{"class":66},[52,122960,768],{"class":756},[52,122962,33317],{"class":760},[52,122964,757],{"class":756},[52,122966,90],{"class":66},[52,122968,122969,122971,122973,122975,122977,122979],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,122970,118],{"class":101},[52,122972,105],{"class":66},[52,122974,3550],{"class":1184},[52,122976,105],{"class":66},[52,122978,7894],{"class":108},[52,122980,510],{"class":66},[20,122982,122983],{},"prints:",[43,122985,122986],{"className":45,"code":72910,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,122987,122988],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,122989,122990,122992,122994,122996,122998,123000,123002,123004,123006,123008,123010,123012,123014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,122991,3994],{"class":66},[52,122993,3406],{"class":756},[52,122995,4171],{"class":760},[52,122997,3406],{"class":756},[52,122999,74],{"class":66},[52,123001,3401],{"class":756},[52,123003,4180],{"class":760},[52,123005,3406],{"class":756},[52,123007,74],{"class":66},[52,123009,3401],{"class":756},[52,123011,33317],{"class":760},[52,123013,3406],{"class":756},[52,123015,90],{"class":66},[20,123017,123018],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[38,123020,17512],{"id":17511},[20,123022,123023,22070,123025,242],{},[15,123024,862],{},[3842,123026,123027],{},"new string",[20,123029,11548],{},[153,123031,123032,123035,123038],{},[156,123033,123034],{},"It always returns a string",[156,123036,123037],{},"It does not modify the original object",[156,123039,7846,123040,123044],{},[236,123041,123042],{"href":2417},[15,123043,2420],{}," to confirm the result",[20,123046,2324],{},[43,123048,123050],{"className":45,"code":123049,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123051,123052,123060,123075,123079,123090],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123053,123054,123056,123058],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123055,2563],{"class":58},[52,123057,63],{"class":62},[52,123059,14221],{"class":70},[52,123061,123062,123065,123067,123069,123071,123073],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123063,123064],{"class":58},"converted ",[52,123066,63],{"class":62},[52,123068,48987],{"class":1184},[52,123070,105],{"class":66},[52,123072,2588],{"class":108},[52,123074,112],{"class":66},[52,123076,123077],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123078,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,123080,123081,123083,123085,123088],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,123082,118],{"class":101},[52,123084,105],{"class":66},[52,123086,123087],{"class":108},"converted",[52,123089,112],{"class":66},[52,123091,123092,123094,123096,123098,123100,123102],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,123093,118],{"class":101},[52,123095,105],{"class":66},[52,123097,1827],{"class":1184},[52,123099,105],{"class":66},[52,123101,123087],{"class":108},[52,123103,510],{"class":66},[20,123105,123106],{},[3842,123107,311],{},[43,123109,123111],{"className":45,"code":123110,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,123112,123113,123118],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123114,123115],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123116,123117],{"class":70},"99\n",[52,123119,123120,123122,123124,123126,123128,123130],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123121,3395],{"class":62},[52,123123,3398],{"class":2184},[52,123125,3401],{"class":756},[52,123127,3550],{"class":760},[52,123129,3406],{"class":756},[52,123131,3409],{"class":62},[38,123133,113794],{"id":113793},[20,123135,123136,123137,74889],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,123138,862],{},[153,123140,123141,123144,123147,123152],{},[156,123142,123143],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[156,123145,123146],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[156,123148,1372,123149,123151],{},[15,123150,862],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[156,123153,123154],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,123156,123157,123158,242],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[236,123159,25774,123160],{"href":90473},[15,123161,90474],{},[38,123163,123165],{"id":123164},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,123167,123168],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[43,123170,123172],{"className":45,"code":123171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,123173,123174,123182,123186,123196,123210,123214,123228,123238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123175,123176,123178,123180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123177,2563],{"class":58},[52,123179,63],{"class":62},[52,123181,45310],{"class":70},[52,123183,123184],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123185,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,123187,123188,123190,123192,123194],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123189,118],{"class":101},[52,123191,105],{"class":66},[52,123193,2588],{"class":108},[52,123195,112],{"class":66},[52,123197,123198,123200,123202,123204,123206,123208],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,123199,118],{"class":101},[52,123201,105],{"class":66},[52,123203,1827],{"class":1184},[52,123205,105],{"class":66},[52,123207,2588],{"class":108},[52,123209,510],{"class":66},[52,123211,123212],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,123213,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,123215,123216,123218,123220,123222,123224,123226],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,123217,123064],{"class":58},[52,123219,63],{"class":62},[52,123221,48987],{"class":1184},[52,123223,105],{"class":66},[52,123225,2588],{"class":108},[52,123227,112],{"class":66},[52,123229,123230,123232,123234,123236],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,123231,118],{"class":101},[52,123233,105],{"class":66},[52,123235,123087],{"class":108},[52,123237,112],{"class":66},[52,123239,123240,123242,123244,123246,123248,123250],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,123241,118],{"class":101},[52,123243,105],{"class":66},[52,123245,1827],{"class":1184},[52,123247,105],{"class":66},[52,123249,123087],{"class":108},[52,123251,510],{"class":66},[20,123253,123254,123255,2305,123257,123259,123260,242],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,123256,1185],{},[15,123258,2308],{},", or another type into ",[15,123261,3550],{},[38,123263,1919],{"id":1918},[461,123265,1923,123267,1926],{"id":123266},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,123268,862],{},[20,123270,123271],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[461,123273,12792,123275,123277],{"id":123274},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,123276,862],{}," change the original variable?",[20,123279,123280],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[461,123282,1933,123284,123286],{"id":123283},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,123285,862],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,123288,123289],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[461,123291,94659,123293,123295],{"id":123292},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,123294,862],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,123297,123298],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[461,123300,14994,123302,57285,123304,1963],{"id":123301},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,123303,862],{},[15,123305,46537],{},[20,123307,46450,123308,123310,123311,123313],{},[15,123309,862],{}," converts to text. ",[15,123312,46537],{}," shows output.",[38,123315,1986],{"id":1985},[153,123317,123318,123324,123330,123336,123342,123351,123355],{},[156,123319,123320],{},[236,123321,123322,1999],{"href":46534},[15,123323,46537],{},[156,123325,123326],{},[236,123327,123328,1999],{"href":2417},[15,123329,2420],{},[156,123331,123332],{},[236,123333,123334,1999],{"href":2986},[15,123335,2989],{},[156,123337,123338],{},[236,123339,123340,1999],{"href":2992},[15,123341,2995],{},[156,123343,123344],{},[236,123345,123347,123348,123350],{"href":123346},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,123349,1185],{}," to string in Python",[156,123352,123353],{},[236,123354,90751],{"href":89763},[156,123356,123357],{},[236,123358,30442,123359],{"href":90473},[15,123360,90474],{},[2029,123362,123363],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":123365},[123366,123367,123369,123370,123376,123378,123380,123382,123391,123392,123393,123394,123406],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":121784,"depth":93,"text":123368},"What str() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":121951,"depth":93,"text":121952,"children":123371},[123372,123373,123374,123375],{"id":121955,"depth":115,"text":121956},{"id":122041,"depth":115,"text":122042},{"id":122128,"depth":115,"text":122129},{"id":122214,"depth":115,"text":122215},{"id":122330,"depth":93,"text":123377},"When to use str()",{"id":122461,"depth":93,"text":123379},"str() vs print()",{"id":122630,"depth":93,"text":123381},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":123383},[123384,123386,123387,123389],{"id":122668,"depth":115,"text":123385},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122803,"depth":115,"text":122804},{"id":122865,"depth":115,"text":123388},"Using str() too early",{"id":122923,"depth":115,"text":123390},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":113793,"depth":93,"text":113794},{"id":123164,"depth":93,"text":123165},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":123395},[123396,123398,123400,123402,123404],{"id":123266,"depth":115,"text":123397},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":123274,"depth":115,"text":123399},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":123283,"depth":115,"text":123401},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":123292,"depth":115,"text":123403},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":123301,"depth":115,"text":123405},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":42261,"description":123407},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":123414,"title":123415,"body":123416,"description":124869,"extension":2083,"meta":124870,"navigation":296,"path":124871,"seo":124872,"stem":124873,"__hash__":124874},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":123417,"toc":124831},[123418,123424,123430,123433,123455,123457,123519,123521,123534,123540,123545,123550,123552,123565,123576,123578,123605,123607,123624,123631,123642,123644,123649,123651,123663,123671,123680,123682,123685,123738,123740,123748,123756,123760,123765,123805,123807,123815,123818,123820,123860,123862,123870,123880,123886,123889,123962,123964,123977,123981,123986,124014,124017,124052,124054,124062,124065,124069,124073,124075,124091,124093,124133,124135,124143,124152,124195,124197,124205,124207,124211,124217,124220,124260,124262,124270,124275,124278,124321,124325,124328,124363,124368,124370,124409,124419,124427,124437,124445,124449,124454,124456,124497,124499,124507,124512,124515,124518,124536,124542,124546,124551,124554,124594,124596,124601,124700,124703,124719,124721,124740,124742,124749,124752,124758,124761,124767,124771,124777,124780,124786,124789,124791,124828],[10,123419,123421,123422,11411],{"id":123420},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,123423,57370],{},[20,123425,123426,123427,123429],{},"The Python string ",[15,123428,57370],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,123431,123432],{},"This reference page explains:",[153,123434,123435,123439,123442,123444,123452],{},[156,123436,26114,123437,143],{},[15,123438,57370],{},[156,123440,123441],{},"its syntax",[156,123443,35493],{},[156,123445,123446,123447,652,123449,123451],{},"how ",[15,123448,35],{},[15,123450,52742],{}," work",[156,123453,123454],{},"common beginner mistakes",[38,123456,41],{"id":40},[43,123458,123460],{"className":45,"code":123459,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,123461,123462,123474,123496],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123463,123464,123466,123468,123470,123472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123465,34785],{"class":58},[52,123467,63],{"class":62},[52,123469,768],{"class":756},[52,123471,4180],{"class":760},[52,123473,3465],{"class":756},[52,123475,123476,123478,123480,123482,123484,123486,123488,123490,123492,123494],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123477,118],{"class":101},[52,123479,105],{"class":66},[52,123481,34806],{"class":108},[52,123483,242],{"class":66},[52,123485,41347],{"class":108},[52,123487,105],{"class":66},[52,123489,757],{"class":756},[52,123491,236],{"class":760},[52,123493,757],{"class":756},[52,123495,510],{"class":66},[52,123497,123498,123500,123502,123504,123506,123508,123510,123512,123515,123517],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123499,118],{"class":101},[52,123501,105],{"class":66},[52,123503,34806],{"class":108},[52,123505,242],{"class":66},[52,123507,41347],{"class":108},[52,123509,105],{"class":66},[52,123511,757],{"class":756},[52,123513,123514],{"class":760},"na",[52,123516,757],{"class":756},[52,123518,510],{"class":66},[20,123520,311],{},[43,123522,123524],{"className":45,"code":123523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"3\n2\n",[15,123525,123526,123530],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123527,123528],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123529,710],{"class":70},[52,123531,123532],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123533,17149],{"class":70},[20,123535,133,123536,123539],{},[15,123537,123538],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[38,123541,13085,123543,13088],{"id":123542},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123544,57370],{},[20,123546,123547,123549],{},[15,123548,57370],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123551,13141],{},[153,123553,123554,123557,123560,123562],{},[156,123555,123556],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[156,123558,123559],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[156,123561,43742],{},[156,123563,123564],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123566,123567,123568,123570,123571,2305,123573,123575],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123569,18189],{}," characters are in ",[15,123572,65350],{},[15,123574,57370],{}," is a simple choice.",[38,123577,181],{"id":180},[43,123579,123581],{"className":45,"code":123580,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123582,123583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123584,123585,123587,123589,123591,123593,123595,123597,123599,123601,123603],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123586,61250],{"class":58},[52,123588,242],{"class":66},[52,123590,41347],{"class":108},[52,123592,105],{"class":66},[52,123594,2588],{"class":108},[52,123596,74],{"class":66},[52,123598,202],{"class":108},[52,123600,74],{"class":66},[52,123602,65116],{"class":108},[52,123604,112],{"class":66},[461,123606,17488],{"id":17487},[153,123608,123609,123614,123619],{},[156,123610,123611,123613],{},[15,123612,2588],{},": the text to search for",[156,123615,123616,123618],{},[15,123617,35],{},": optional; where counting begins",[156,123620,123621,123623],{},[15,123622,52742],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123625,123626,652,123628,123630],{},[15,123627,35],{},[15,123629,52742],{}," work like slice positions:",[153,123632,123633,123638],{},[156,123634,123635,123637],{},[15,123636,35],{}," is included",[156,123639,123640,75815],{},[15,123641,52742],{},[38,123643,17512],{"id":17511},[20,123645,123646,123648],{},[15,123647,57370],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123650,2244],{},[153,123652,123653,123658],{},[156,123654,123655,123656],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123657,445],{},[156,123659,123660,123661],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123662,207],{},[20,123664,40996,123665,5252,123667,1943,123669,242],{},[3842,123666,4722],{},[15,123668,173],{},[15,123670,655],{},[20,123672,123673,123674,123679],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[236,123675,123677,101669],{"href":123676},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123678,1202],{}," is often a better fit.",[38,123681,246],{"id":245},[20,123683,123684],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[43,123686,123688],{"className":45,"code":123687,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123689,123690,123702,123724,123728],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123691,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123693,34785],{"class":58},[52,123695,63],{"class":62},[52,123697,768],{"class":756},[52,123699,4171],{"class":760},[52,123701,3465],{"class":756},[52,123703,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712,123714,123716,123718,123720,123722],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123705,2347],{"class":58},[52,123707,63],{"class":62},[52,123709,42925],{"class":58},[52,123711,242],{"class":66},[52,123713,41347],{"class":108},[52,123715,105],{"class":66},[52,123717,757],{"class":756},[52,123719,20],{"class":760},[52,123721,757],{"class":756},[52,123723,112],{"class":66},[52,123725,123726],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123727,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,123729,123730,123732,123734,123736],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,123731,118],{"class":101},[52,123733,105],{"class":66},[52,123735,2382],{"class":108},[52,123737,112],{"class":66},[20,123739,311],{},[43,123741,123742],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123743,123744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123745,123746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123747,17149],{"class":70},[20,123749,63895,123750,123753,123754,242],{},[15,123751,123752],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123755,57913],{},[38,123757,123759],{"id":123758},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123761,123762,123764],{},[15,123763,57370],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[43,123766,123768],{"className":45,"code":123767,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123769,123770,123783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123771,123772,123774,123776,123778,123781],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123773,34785],{"class":58},[52,123775,63],{"class":62},[52,123777,768],{"class":756},[52,123779,123780],{"class":760},"cat dog cat bird cat",[52,123782,3465],{"class":756},[52,123784,123785,123787,123789,123791,123793,123795,123797,123799,123801,123803],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123786,118],{"class":101},[52,123788,105],{"class":66},[52,123790,34806],{"class":108},[52,123792,242],{"class":66},[52,123794,41347],{"class":108},[52,123796,105],{"class":66},[52,123798,757],{"class":756},[52,123800,37141],{"class":760},[52,123802,757],{"class":756},[52,123804,510],{"class":66},[20,123806,311],{},[43,123808,123809],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123810,123811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123812,123813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123814,710],{"class":70},[20,123816,123817],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123819,2324],{},[43,123821,123823],{"className":45,"code":123822,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123824,123825,123838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123826,123827,123829,123831,123833,123836],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123828,34785],{"class":58},[52,123830,63],{"class":62},[52,123832,768],{"class":756},[52,123834,123835],{"class":760},"one One one",[52,123837,3465],{"class":756},[52,123839,123840,123842,123844,123846,123848,123850,123852,123854,123856,123858],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123841,118],{"class":101},[52,123843,105],{"class":66},[52,123845,34806],{"class":108},[52,123847,242],{"class":66},[52,123849,41347],{"class":108},[52,123851,105],{"class":66},[52,123853,757],{"class":756},[52,123855,6666],{"class":760},[52,123857,757],{"class":756},[52,123859,510],{"class":66},[20,123861,311],{},[43,123863,123864],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,123865,123866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123867,123868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123869,17149],{"class":70},[20,123871,123872,123873,123876,123877,123879],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123874,123875],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123878,57370],{}," is case-sensitive.",[38,123881,1372,123882,652,123884],{"id":65482},[15,123883,35],{},[15,123885,52742],{},[20,123887,123888],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[43,123890,123892],{"className":45,"code":123891,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123893,123894,123906,123932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123895,123896,123898,123900,123902,123904],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123897,34785],{"class":58},[52,123899,63],{"class":62},[52,123901,768],{"class":756},[52,123903,4180],{"class":760},[52,123905,3465],{"class":756},[52,123907,123908,123910,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924,123926,123928,123930],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123909,118],{"class":101},[52,123911,105],{"class":66},[52,123913,34806],{"class":108},[52,123915,242],{"class":66},[52,123917,41347],{"class":108},[52,123919,105],{"class":66},[52,123921,757],{"class":756},[52,123923,236],{"class":760},[52,123925,757],{"class":756},[52,123927,74],{"class":66},[52,123929,77],{"class":70},[52,123931,510],{"class":66},[52,123933,123934,123936,123938,123940,123942,123944,123946,123948,123950,123952,123954,123956,123958,123960],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,123935,118],{"class":101},[52,123937,105],{"class":66},[52,123939,34806],{"class":108},[52,123941,242],{"class":66},[52,123943,41347],{"class":108},[52,123945,105],{"class":66},[52,123947,757],{"class":756},[52,123949,236],{"class":760},[52,123951,757],{"class":756},[52,123953,74],{"class":66},[52,123955,77],{"class":70},[52,123957,74],{"class":66},[52,123959,4696],{"class":70},[52,123961,510],{"class":66},[20,123963,311],{},[43,123965,123967],{"className":45,"code":123966,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"2\n1\n",[15,123968,123969,123973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,123970,123971],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,123972,17149],{"class":70},[52,123974,123975],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,123976,47001],{"class":70},[461,123978,123980],{"id":123979},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123982,123983,123984,1772],{},"In ",[15,123985,65350],{},[153,123987,123988,123996,124004],{},[156,123989,71039,123990,123992,123993],{},[15,123991,440],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123994,123995],{},"\"n\"",[156,123997,123998,124001,124002,76112],{},[15,123999,124000],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,124003,440],{},[156,124005,124006,124001,124009,124011,124012],{},[15,124007,124008],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,124010,440],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,124013,265],{},[20,124015,124016],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[43,124018,124020],{"className":45,"code":124019,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,124021,124022,124034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124023,124024,124026,124028,124030,124032],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124025,34785],{"class":58},[52,124027,63],{"class":62},[52,124029,768],{"class":756},[52,124031,4180],{"class":760},[52,124033,3465],{"class":756},[52,124035,124036,124038,124040,124042,124044,124046,124048,124050],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124037,118],{"class":101},[52,124039,105],{"class":66},[52,124041,34806],{"class":108},[52,124043,3994],{"class":66},[52,124045,440],{"class":70},[52,124047,1772],{"class":66},[52,124049,265],{"class":70},[52,124051,1858],{"class":66},[20,124053,311],{},[43,124055,124056],{"className":45,"code":41556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124057,124058],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124059,124060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124061,41556],{"class":58},[20,124063,124064],{},"Only that section is searched.",[38,124066,124068],{"id":124067},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,124070,124071,123879],{},[15,124072,57370],{},[20,124074,2226],{},[153,124076,124077,124085],{},[156,124078,124079,652,124081,124084],{},[15,124080,18189],{},[15,124082,124083],{},"\"A\""," are different",[156,124086,124087,652,124089,124084],{},[15,124088,64610],{},[15,124090,90486],{},[20,124092,2324],{},[43,124094,124096],{"className":45,"code":124095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124097,124098,124111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124099,124100,124102,124104,124106,124109],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124101,34785],{"class":58},[52,124103,63],{"class":62},[52,124105,768],{"class":756},[52,124107,124108],{"class":760},"Apple apple APPLE",[52,124110,3465],{"class":756},[52,124112,124113,124115,124117,124119,124121,124123,124125,124127,124129,124131],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124114,118],{"class":101},[52,124116,105],{"class":66},[52,124118,34806],{"class":108},[52,124120,242],{"class":66},[52,124122,41347],{"class":108},[52,124124,105],{"class":66},[52,124126,757],{"class":756},[52,124128,4171],{"class":760},[52,124130,757],{"class":756},[52,124132,510],{"class":66},[20,124134,311],{},[43,124136,124137],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124138,124139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124140,124141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124142,47001],{"class":70},[20,124144,124145,124146,1772],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[236,124147,124149],{"href":124148},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,124150,124151],{},"lower()",[43,124153,124155],{"className":45,"code":124154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,124156,124157,124169],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124158,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124160,34785],{"class":58},[52,124162,63],{"class":62},[52,124164,768],{"class":756},[52,124166,124108],{"class":760},[52,124168,3465],{"class":756},[52,124170,124171,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124172,118],{"class":101},[52,124174,105],{"class":66},[52,124176,34806],{"class":108},[52,124178,242],{"class":66},[52,124180,8726],{"class":108},[52,124182,8723],{"class":66},[52,124184,41347],{"class":108},[52,124186,105],{"class":66},[52,124188,757],{"class":756},[52,124190,4171],{"class":760},[52,124192,757],{"class":756},[52,124194,510],{"class":66},[20,124196,311],{},[43,124198,124199],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124200,124201],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124202,124203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124204,710],{"class":70},[38,124206,1766],{"id":1765},[20,124208,23190,124209,242],{},[15,124210,57370],{},[461,124212,8538,124214,124216],{"id":124213},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,124215,57370],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,124218,124219],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[43,124221,124223],{"className":45,"code":124222,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124224,124225,124238],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124226,124227,124229,124231,124233,124236],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124228,34785],{"class":58},[52,124230,63],{"class":62},[52,124232,768],{"class":756},[52,124234,124235],{"class":760},"Aardvark",[52,124237,3465],{"class":756},[52,124239,124240,124242,124244,124246,124248,124250,124252,124254,124256,124258],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124241,118],{"class":101},[52,124243,105],{"class":66},[52,124245,34806],{"class":108},[52,124247,242],{"class":66},[52,124249,41347],{"class":108},[52,124251,105],{"class":66},[52,124253,757],{"class":756},[52,124255,236],{"class":760},[52,124257,757],{"class":756},[52,124259,510],{"class":66},[20,124261,311],{},[43,124263,124264],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124265,124266],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124267,124268],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124269,17149],{"class":70},[20,124271,123872,124272,124274],{},[15,124273,124083],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,124276,124277],{},"If needed, convert first:",[43,124279,124281],{"className":45,"code":124280,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124282,124283,124295],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124284,124285,124287,124289,124291,124293],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124286,34785],{"class":58},[52,124288,63],{"class":62},[52,124290,768],{"class":756},[52,124292,124235],{"class":760},[52,124294,3465],{"class":756},[52,124296,124297,124299,124301,124303,124305,124307,124309,124311,124313,124315,124317,124319],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124298,118],{"class":101},[52,124300,105],{"class":66},[52,124302,34806],{"class":108},[52,124304,242],{"class":66},[52,124306,8726],{"class":108},[52,124308,8723],{"class":66},[52,124310,41347],{"class":108},[52,124312,105],{"class":66},[52,124314,757],{"class":756},[52,124316,236],{"class":760},[52,124318,757],{"class":756},[52,124320,510],{"class":66},[461,124322,124324],{"id":124323},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,124326,124327],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[43,124329,124331],{"className":45,"code":124330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,124332,124333,124345],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124334,124335,124337,124339,124341,124343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124336,34785],{"class":58},[52,124338,63],{"class":62},[52,124340,768],{"class":756},[52,124342,4180],{"class":760},[52,124344,3465],{"class":756},[52,124346,124347,124349,124351,124353,124355,124357,124359,124361],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124348,118],{"class":101},[52,124350,105],{"class":66},[52,124352,34806],{"class":108},[52,124354,242],{"class":66},[52,124356,41347],{"class":108},[52,124358,105],{"class":66},[52,124360,236],{"class":108},[52,124362,510],{"class":66},[20,124364,124365,124366,242],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,124367,236],{},[20,124369,10895],{},[43,124371,124373],{"className":45,"code":124372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,124374,124375,124387],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124376,124377,124379,124381,124383,124385],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124378,34785],{"class":58},[52,124380,63],{"class":62},[52,124382,768],{"class":756},[52,124384,4180],{"class":760},[52,124386,3465],{"class":756},[52,124388,124389,124391,124393,124395,124397,124399,124401,124403,124405,124407],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124390,118],{"class":101},[52,124392,105],{"class":66},[52,124394,34806],{"class":108},[52,124396,242],{"class":66},[52,124398,41347],{"class":108},[52,124400,105],{"class":66},[52,124402,757],{"class":756},[52,124404,236],{"class":760},[52,124406,757],{"class":756},[52,124408,510],{"class":66},[461,124410,37298,124412,8791,124414,1943,124417],{"id":124411},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,124413,57370],{},[15,124415,124416],{},"find()",[15,124418,59048],{},[20,124420,133,124421,124423,124424,242],{},[15,124422,57370],{}," when you need the ",[3842,124425,124426],{},"number of matches",[20,124428,133,124429,124423,124434,124436],{},[236,124430,124432],{"href":124431},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,124433,124416],{},[3842,124435,65022],{}," of the first match.",[20,124438,133,124439,124444],{},[236,124440,124442],{"href":124441},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,124443,59048],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[461,124446,124448],{"id":124447},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,124450,124451,124453],{},[15,124452,57370],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,124455,2324],{},[43,124457,124459],{"className":45,"code":124458,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,124460,124461,124474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124462,124463,124465,124467,124469,124472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124464,34785],{"class":58},[52,124466,63],{"class":62},[52,124468,768],{"class":756},[52,124470,124471],{"class":760},"aaaa",[52,124473,3465],{"class":756},[52,124475,124476,124478,124480,124482,124484,124486,124488,124490,124493,124495],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124477,118],{"class":101},[52,124479,105],{"class":66},[52,124481,34806],{"class":108},[52,124483,242],{"class":66},[52,124485,41347],{"class":108},[52,124487,105],{"class":66},[52,124489,757],{"class":756},[52,124491,124492],{"class":760},"aa",[52,124494,757],{"class":756},[52,124496,510],{"class":66},[20,124498,311],{},[43,124500,124501],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,124502,124503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124504,124505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124506,17149],{"class":70},[20,124508,124509,124510,242],{},"It does not return ",[15,124511,445],{},[20,124513,124514],{},"Why not?",[20,124516,124517],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[153,124519,124520,124529],{},[156,124521,124522,124525,124526],{},[15,124523,124524],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124527,124528],{},"0-1",[156,124530,124531,124525,124533],{},[15,124532,124524],{},[15,124534,124535],{},"2-3",[20,124537,124538,124539,242],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124540,124541],{},"1-2",[38,124543,5054,124544],{"id":58453},[15,124545,57370],{},[20,124547,133,124548,124550],{},[15,124549,57370],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124552,124553],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[153,124555,124556,124565,124575,124585],{},[156,124557,133,124558,124560,124561,124564],{},[15,124559,57370],{}," when you need ",[3842,124562,124563],{},"how many times"," something appears",[156,124566,133,124567,124560,124571,124574],{},[236,124568,124569],{"href":124431},[15,124570,124416],{},[3842,124572,124573],{},"where"," it appears",[156,124576,47893,124577,124581,124582],{},[236,124578,124579,101669],{"href":123676},[15,124580,1202],{}," when you only need to know ",[3842,124583,124584],{},"if it exists",[156,124586,133,124587,124593],{},[236,124588,124590],{"href":124589},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124591,124592],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[38,124595,26037],{"id":26036},[20,124597,1800,124598,124600],{},[15,124599,57370],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[43,124602,124604],{"className":45,"code":124603,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124605,124606,124616,124630,124652,124678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124607,124608,124610,124612,124614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124609,118],{"class":101},[52,124611,105],{"class":66},[52,124613,34806],{"class":108},[52,124615,112],{"class":66},[52,124617,124618,124620,124622,124624,124626,124628],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124619,118],{"class":101},[52,124621,105],{"class":66},[52,124623,1827],{"class":1184},[52,124625,105],{"class":66},[52,124627,34806],{"class":108},[52,124629,510],{"class":66},[52,124631,124632,124634,124636,124638,124640,124642,124644,124646,124648,124650],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,124633,118],{"class":101},[52,124635,105],{"class":66},[52,124637,34806],{"class":108},[52,124639,242],{"class":66},[52,124641,41347],{"class":108},[52,124643,105],{"class":66},[52,124645,757],{"class":756},[52,124647,236],{"class":760},[52,124649,757],{"class":756},[52,124651,510],{"class":66},[52,124653,124654,124656,124658,124660,124662,124664,124666,124668,124670,124672,124674,124676],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,124655,118],{"class":101},[52,124657,105],{"class":66},[52,124659,34806],{"class":108},[52,124661,242],{"class":66},[52,124663,8726],{"class":108},[52,124665,8723],{"class":66},[52,124667,41347],{"class":108},[52,124669,105],{"class":66},[52,124671,757],{"class":756},[52,124673,236],{"class":760},[52,124675,757],{"class":756},[52,124677,510],{"class":66},[52,124679,124680,124682,124684,124686,124688,124690,124692,124694,124696,124698],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,124681,118],{"class":101},[52,124683,105],{"class":66},[52,124685,34806],{"class":108},[52,124687,242],{"class":66},[52,124689,41347],{"class":108},[52,124691,105],{"class":66},[52,124693,757],{"class":756},[52,124695,123514],{"class":760},[52,124697,757],{"class":756},[52,124699,510],{"class":66},[20,124701,124702],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[153,124704,124705,124708,124713,124716],{},[156,124706,124707],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[156,124709,124710,124712],{},[15,124711,34806],{}," not being a string",[156,124714,124715],{},"counting the wrong substring",[156,124717,124718],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124720,58942],{},[153,124722,124723,124726,124729,124732],{},[156,124724,124725],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[156,124727,124728],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[156,124730,124731],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[156,124733,50575,124734,44714,124736,1943,124738,73385],{},[15,124735,57370],{},[15,124737,124416],{},[15,124739,1202],{},[38,124741,1919],{"id":1918},[461,124743,124745,124746,124748],{"id":124744},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124747,57370],{}," change the original string?",[20,124750,124751],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[461,124753,14994,124755,124757],{"id":124754},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124756,57370],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124759,124760],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[461,124762,1923,124764,124766],{"id":124763},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124765,57370],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124768,5240,124769,242],{},[15,124770,207],{},[461,124772,1933,124774,124776],{"id":124773},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124775,57370],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124778,124779],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[461,124781,12792,124783,124785],{"id":124782},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124784,57370],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124787,124788],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[38,124790,1986],{"id":1985},[153,124792,124793,124800,124807,124814,124821],{},[156,124794,124795],{},[236,124796,124797],{"href":124431},[15,124798,124799],{},"Python string find() method",[156,124801,124802],{},[236,124803,124804],{"href":124441},[15,124805,124806],{},"Python string index() method",[156,124808,124809],{},[236,124810,124811],{"href":124148},[15,124812,124813],{},"Python string lower() method",[156,124815,124816],{},[236,124817,124818],{"href":123676},[15,124819,124820],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[156,124822,124823],{},[236,124824,124825],{"href":124589},[15,124826,124827],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[2029,124829,124830],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":124832},[124833,124834,124836,124839,124840,124841,124842,124845,124846,124854,124855,124856,124868],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":123542,"depth":93,"text":124835},"What the count() method does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":124837},[124838],{"id":17487,"depth":115,"text":17488},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":123758,"depth":93,"text":123759},{"id":65482,"depth":93,"text":66264,"children":124843},[124844],{"id":123979,"depth":115,"text":123980},{"id":124067,"depth":93,"text":124068},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":124847},[124848,124850,124851,124853],{"id":124213,"depth":115,"text":124849},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":124323,"depth":115,"text":124324},{"id":124411,"depth":115,"text":124852},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":124447,"depth":115,"text":124448},{"id":58453,"depth":93,"text":59084},{"id":26036,"depth":93,"text":26037},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":124857},[124858,124860,124862,124864,124866],{"id":124744,"depth":115,"text":124859},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124754,"depth":115,"text":124861},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124763,"depth":115,"text":124863},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124773,"depth":115,"text":124865},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124782,"depth":115,"text":124867},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":123415,"description":124869},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124876,"title":124877,"body":124878,"description":126463,"extension":2083,"meta":126464,"navigation":296,"path":126465,"seo":126466,"stem":126467,"__hash__":126468},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124879,"toc":126436},[124880,124883,124886,124983,124992,124994,125013,125017,125020,125023,125036,125039,125068,125073,125078,125136,125138,125171,125177,125181,125184,125187,125216,125219,125246,125249,125252,125256,125259,125266,125329,125331,125349,125352,125356,125359,125362,125404,125407,125451,125454,125457,125461,125466,125469,125512,125514,125537,125540,125573,125576,125625,125635,125639,125642,125645,125674,125677,125688,125690,125749,125752,125756,125759,125762,125777,125786,125789,125823,125826,125853,125856,125863,125865,125868,125870,125873,125887,125896,125898,125925,125929,125932,125946,125949,126008,126012,126015,126042,126045,126072,126080,126083,126143,126145,126178,126182,126185,126204,126209,126258,126263,126265,126268,126327,126345,126347,126351,126359,126363,126366,126370,126376,126380,126390,126394,126397,126399,126433],[10,124881,124877],{"id":124882},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124884,124885],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[43,124887,124889],{"className":45,"code":124888,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124890,124891,124903,124915,124924,124938,124942,124952,124962,124973],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,124892,124893,124895,124897,124899,124901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,124894,7961],{"class":58},[52,124896,63],{"class":62},[52,124898,768],{"class":756},[52,124900,5097],{"class":760},[52,124902,3465],{"class":756},[52,124904,124905,124907,124909,124911,124913],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,124906,90078],{"class":58},[52,124908,63],{"class":62},[52,124910,3401],{"class":756},[52,124912,34965],{"class":760},[52,124914,29795],{"class":756},[52,124916,124917,124920,124922],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,124918,124919],{"class":58},"empty ",[52,124921,63],{"class":62},[52,124923,7966],{"class":756},[52,124925,124926,124928,124930,124932,124934,124936],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,124927,34785],{"class":58},[52,124929,63],{"class":62},[52,124931,48987],{"class":1184},[52,124933,105],{"class":66},[52,124935,50329],{"class":70},[52,124937,112],{"class":66},[52,124939,124940],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,124941,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,124943,124944,124946,124948,124950],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,124945,118],{"class":101},[52,124947,105],{"class":66},[52,124949,7751],{"class":108},[52,124951,112],{"class":66},[52,124953,124954,124956,124958,124960],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,124955,118],{"class":101},[52,124957,105],{"class":66},[52,124959,90095],{"class":108},[52,124961,112],{"class":66},[52,124963,124964,124966,124968,124971],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,124965,118],{"class":101},[52,124967,105],{"class":66},[52,124969,124970],{"class":108},"empty",[52,124972,112],{"class":66},[52,124974,124975,124977,124979,124981],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,124976,118],{"class":101},[52,124978,105],{"class":66},[52,124980,34806],{"class":108},[52,124982,112],{"class":66},[20,124984,124985,124988,124989,124991],{},[3842,124986,124987],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124990,862],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[38,124993,15254],{"id":15253},[153,124995,124996,124999,125002,125005,125010],{},[156,124997,124998],{},"What a string is in Python",[156,125000,125001],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[156,125003,125004],{},"How to create an empty string",[156,125006,125007,125008],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,125009,862],{},[156,125011,125012],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[38,125014,125016],{"id":125015},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,125018,125019],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,125021,125022],{},"Strings can contain:",[153,125024,125025,125028,125030,125033],{},[156,125026,125027],{},"Letters",[156,125029,56541],{},[156,125031,125032],{},"Spaces",[156,125034,125035],{},"Symbols",[20,125037,125038],{},"Examples of strings:",[43,125040,125042],{"className":45,"code":125041,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,125043,125044,125052,125060],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125045,125046,125048,125050],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125047,757],{"class":43412},[52,125049,761],{"class":43416},[52,125051,3465],{"class":43412},[52,125053,125054,125056,125058],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125055,757],{"class":43412},[52,125057,50329],{"class":43416},[52,125059,3465],{"class":43412},[52,125061,125062,125064,125066],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125063,757],{"class":43412},[52,125065,89220],{"class":43416},[52,125067,3465],{"class":43412},[20,125069,21072,125070,125072],{},[15,125071,50379],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,125074,125075,125076,1772],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,125077,2420],{},[43,125079,125081],{"className":45,"code":125080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,125082,125083,125095,125104,125108,125122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125084,125085,125087,125089,125091,125093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125086,34785],{"class":58},[52,125088,63],{"class":62},[52,125090,768],{"class":756},[52,125092,50329],{"class":760},[52,125094,3465],{"class":756},[52,125096,125097,125099,125101],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125098,2334],{"class":58},[52,125100,63],{"class":62},[52,125102,125103],{"class":70}," 123\n",[52,125105,125106],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125107,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,125109,125110,125112,125114,125116,125118,125120],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,125111,118],{"class":101},[52,125113,105],{"class":66},[52,125115,1827],{"class":1184},[52,125117,105],{"class":66},[52,125119,34806],{"class":108},[52,125121,510],{"class":66},[52,125123,125124,125126,125128,125130,125132,125134],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,125125,118],{"class":101},[52,125127,105],{"class":66},[52,125129,1827],{"class":1184},[52,125131,105],{"class":66},[52,125133,2357],{"class":108},[52,125135,510],{"class":66},[20,125137,311],{},[43,125139,125141],{"className":45,"code":125140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,125142,125143,125157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125144,125145,125147,125149,125151,125153,125155],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125146,3395],{"class":62},[52,125148,3398],{"class":2184},[52,125150,3401],{"class":756},[52,125152,3550],{"class":760},[52,125154,3406],{"class":756},[52,125156,3409],{"class":62},[52,125158,125159,125161,125163,125165,125167,125169],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125160,3395],{"class":62},[52,125162,3398],{"class":2184},[52,125164,3401],{"class":756},[52,125166,1185],{"class":760},[52,125168,3406],{"class":756},[52,125170,3409],{"class":62},[20,125172,125173,125174,242],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[236,125175,125176],{"href":51059},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[38,125178,125180],{"id":125179},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,125182,125183],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,125185,125186],{},"You can use single quotes:",[43,125188,125190],{"className":45,"code":125189,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125191,125192,125205],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125193,125194,125197,125199,125201,125203],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125195,125196],{"class":58},"greeting ",[52,125198,63],{"class":62},[52,125200,3401],{"class":756},[52,125202,761],{"class":760},[52,125204,29795],{"class":756},[52,125206,125207,125209,125211,125214],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125208,118],{"class":101},[52,125210,105],{"class":66},[52,125212,125213],{"class":108},"greeting",[52,125215,112],{"class":66},[20,125217,125218],{},"Or double quotes:",[43,125220,125222],{"className":45,"code":125221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,125223,125224,125236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125225,125226,125228,125230,125232,125234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125227,125196],{"class":58},[52,125229,63],{"class":62},[52,125231,768],{"class":756},[52,125233,761],{"class":760},[52,125235,3465],{"class":756},[52,125237,125238,125240,125242,125244],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125239,118],{"class":101},[52,125241,105],{"class":66},[52,125243,125213],{"class":108},[52,125245,112],{"class":66},[20,125247,125248],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,125250,125251],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[38,125253,125255],{"id":125254},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,125257,125258],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,125260,125261,125262,1943,125264,1772],{},"Use either ",[15,125263,831],{},[15,125265,3873],{},[43,125267,125269],{"className":45,"code":125268,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,125270,125271,125280,125289,125293,125304,125315],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125272,125273,125276,125278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125274,125275],{"class":58},"empty1 ",[52,125277,63],{"class":62},[52,125279,7966],{"class":756},[52,125281,125282,125285,125287],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125283,125284],{"class":58},"empty2 ",[52,125286,63],{"class":62},[52,125288,47579],{"class":756},[52,125290,125291],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125292,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,125294,125295,125297,125299,125302],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,125296,118],{"class":101},[52,125298,105],{"class":66},[52,125300,125301],{"class":108},"empty1",[52,125303,112],{"class":66},[52,125305,125306,125308,125310,125313],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,125307,118],{"class":101},[52,125309,105],{"class":66},[52,125311,125312],{"class":108},"empty2",[52,125314,112],{"class":66},[52,125316,125317,125319,125321,125323,125325,125327],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,125318,118],{"class":101},[52,125320,105],{"class":66},[52,125322,1827],{"class":1184},[52,125324,105],{"class":66},[52,125326,125301],{"class":108},[52,125328,510],{"class":66},[20,125330,311],{},[43,125332,125333],{"className":45,"code":45855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,125334,125335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125336,125337,125339,125341,125343,125345,125347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125338,3395],{"class":62},[52,125340,3398],{"class":2184},[52,125342,3401],{"class":756},[52,125344,3550],{"class":760},[52,125346,3406],{"class":756},[52,125348,3409],{"class":62},[20,125350,125351],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[38,125353,125355],{"id":125354},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,125357,125358],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,125360,125361],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[43,125363,125365],{"className":45,"code":125364,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125366,125367,125378,125383,125390,125394],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125368,125369,125371,125373,125376],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125370,90078],{"class":58},[52,125372,63],{"class":62},[52,125374,125375],{"class":756}," \"\"\"",[52,125377,89020],{"class":760},[52,125379,125380],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125381,125382],{"class":760},"Welcome to Python\n",[52,125384,125385,125388],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125386,125387],{"class":760},"Have a nice day",[52,125389,43420],{"class":756},[52,125391,125392],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,125393,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,125395,125396,125398,125400,125402],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,125397,118],{"class":101},[52,125399,105],{"class":66},[52,125401,90095],{"class":108},[52,125403,112],{"class":66},[20,125405,125406],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[43,125408,125410],{"className":45,"code":125409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125411,125412,125424,125429,125437,125441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125413,125414,125416,125418,125421],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125415,90078],{"class":58},[52,125417,63],{"class":62},[52,125419,125420],{"class":756}," '''",[52,125422,125423],{"class":760},"Line 1\n",[52,125425,125426],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125427,125428],{"class":760},"Line 2\n",[52,125430,125431,125434],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125432,125433],{"class":760},"Line 3",[52,125435,125436],{"class":756},"'''\n",[52,125438,125439],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,125440,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,125442,125443,125445,125447,125449],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,125444,118],{"class":101},[52,125446,105],{"class":66},[52,125448,90095],{"class":108},[52,125450,112],{"class":66},[20,125452,125453],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,125455,125456],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[38,125458,125460],{"id":125459},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,125462,2100,125463,125465],{},[15,125464,862],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,125467,125468],{},"Example with a number:",[43,125470,125472],{"className":45,"code":125471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,125473,125474,125488,125498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125475,125476,125478,125480,125482,125484,125486],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125477,34785],{"class":58},[52,125479,63],{"class":62},[52,125481,48987],{"class":1184},[52,125483,105],{"class":66},[52,125485,46611],{"class":70},[52,125487,112],{"class":66},[52,125489,125490,125492,125494,125496],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125491,118],{"class":101},[52,125493,105],{"class":66},[52,125495,34806],{"class":108},[52,125497,112],{"class":66},[52,125499,125500,125502,125504,125506,125508,125510],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125501,118],{"class":101},[52,125503,105],{"class":66},[52,125505,1827],{"class":1184},[52,125507,105],{"class":66},[52,125509,34806],{"class":108},[52,125511,510],{"class":66},[20,125513,311],{},[43,125515,125517],{"className":45,"code":125516,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125518,125519,125523],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125520,125521],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125522,46697],{"class":70},[52,125524,125525,125527,125529,125531,125533,125535],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125526,3395],{"class":62},[52,125528,3398],{"class":2184},[52,125530,3401],{"class":756},[52,125532,3550],{"class":760},[52,125534,3406],{"class":756},[52,125536,3409],{"class":62},[20,125538,125539],{},"You can also convert other values:",[43,125541,125543],{"className":45,"code":125542,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125544,125545,125559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125546,125547,125549,125551,125553,125555,125557],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125548,118],{"class":101},[52,125550,105],{"class":66},[52,125552,3550],{"class":1184},[52,125554,105],{"class":66},[52,125556,173],{"class":674},[52,125558,510],{"class":66},[52,125560,125561,125563,125565,125567,125569,125571],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125562,118],{"class":101},[52,125564,105],{"class":66},[52,125566,3550],{"class":1184},[52,125568,105],{"class":66},[52,125570,40235],{"class":70},[52,125572,510],{"class":66},[20,125574,125575],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[43,125577,125579],{"className":45,"code":125578,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125580,125581,125589,125611,125615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125582,125583,125585,125587],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125584,21723],{"class":58},[52,125586,63],{"class":62},[52,125588,45310],{"class":70},[52,125590,125591,125593,125595,125597,125599,125601,125603,125605,125607,125609],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125592,90078],{"class":58},[52,125594,63],{"class":62},[52,125596,768],{"class":756},[52,125598,89496],{"class":760},[52,125600,757],{"class":756},[52,125602,2570],{"class":62},[52,125604,48987],{"class":1184},[52,125606,105],{"class":66},[52,125608,9384],{"class":108},[52,125610,112],{"class":66},[52,125612,125613],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125614,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,125616,125617,125619,125621,125623],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,125618,118],{"class":101},[52,125620,105],{"class":66},[52,125622,90095],{"class":108},[52,125624,112],{"class":66},[20,125626,125627,125628,1943,125632,242],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[236,125629,13,125630,1999],{"href":859},[15,125631,862],{},[236,125633,125634],{"href":123346},"how to convert int to string in Python",[38,125636,125638],{"id":125637},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125640,125641],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125643,125644],{},"Both of these are valid:",[43,125646,125648],{"className":45,"code":125647,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125649,125650,125662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125651,125652,125654,125656,125658,125660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125653,2668],{"class":58},[52,125655,63],{"class":62},[52,125657,3401],{"class":756},[52,125659,7379],{"class":760},[52,125661,29795],{"class":756},[52,125663,125664,125666,125668,125670,125672],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125665,2696],{"class":58},[52,125667,63],{"class":62},[52,125669,768],{"class":756},[52,125671,7379],{"class":760},[52,125673,3465],{"class":756},[20,125675,125676],{},"A common rule is:",[153,125678,125679,125682,125685],{},[156,125680,125681],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[156,125683,125684],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[156,125686,125687],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125689,2324],{},[43,125691,125693],{"className":45,"code":125692,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125694,125695,125709,125723,125727,125738],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125696,125697,125700,125702,125704,125707],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125698,125699],{"class":58},"text1 ",[52,125701,63],{"class":62},[52,125703,768],{"class":756},[52,125705,125706],{"class":760},"It's working",[52,125708,3465],{"class":756},[52,125710,125711,125714,125716,125718,125721],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125712,125713],{"class":58},"text2 ",[52,125715,63],{"class":62},[52,125717,3401],{"class":756},[52,125719,125720],{"class":760},"She said \"hello\"",[52,125722,29795],{"class":756},[52,125724,125725],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125726,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,125728,125729,125731,125733,125736],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,125730,118],{"class":101},[52,125732,105],{"class":66},[52,125734,125735],{"class":108},"text1",[52,125737,112],{"class":66},[52,125739,125740,125742,125744,125747],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,125741,118],{"class":101},[52,125743,105],{"class":66},[52,125745,125746],{"class":108},"text2",[52,125748,112],{"class":66},[20,125750,125751],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[38,125753,125755],{"id":125754},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125757,125758],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125760,125761],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[43,125763,125765],{"className":45,"code":125764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125766,125767,125772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125768,125769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125770,125771],{"class":129},"# This will cause an error\n",[52,125773,125774],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125775,125776],{"class":129},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125778,125779,125780,35428,125782,125785],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125781,3406],{},[15,125783,125784],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125787,125788],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[43,125790,125792],{"className":45,"code":125791,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125793,125794,125813],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125795,125796,125798,125800,125802,125805,125808,125811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125797,34785],{"class":58},[52,125799,63],{"class":62},[52,125801,3401],{"class":756},[52,125803,125804],{"class":760},"It",[52,125806,125807],{"class":34550},"\\'",[52,125809,125810],{"class":760},"s working",[52,125812,29795],{"class":756},[52,125814,125815,125817,125819,125821],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125816,118],{"class":101},[52,125818,105],{"class":66},[52,125820,34806],{"class":108},[52,125822,112],{"class":66},[20,125824,125825],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[43,125827,125829],{"className":45,"code":125828,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125830,125831,125843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125832,125833,125835,125837,125839,125841],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125834,34785],{"class":58},[52,125836,63],{"class":62},[52,125838,768],{"class":756},[52,125840,125706],{"class":760},[52,125842,3465],{"class":756},[52,125844,125845,125847,125849,125851],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125846,118],{"class":101},[52,125848,105],{"class":66},[52,125850,34806],{"class":108},[52,125852,112],{"class":66},[20,125854,125855],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125857,125858,125859,242],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[236,125860,125862],{"href":125861},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[38,125864,1766],{"id":1765},[20,125866,125867],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[461,125869,90282],{"id":90281},[20,125871,125872],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[43,125874,125876],{"className":45,"code":125875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125877,125878,125882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125879,125880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125881,125771],{"class":129},[52,125883,125884],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125885,125886],{"class":129},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125888,125889,125890,8687,125893,125895],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125891,125892],{},"NameError",[15,125894,5097],{}," is not defined.",[20,125897,10895],{},[43,125899,125901],{"className":45,"code":125900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125902,125903,125915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125904,125905,125907,125909,125911,125913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125906,7961],{"class":58},[52,125908,63],{"class":62},[52,125910,768],{"class":756},[52,125912,5097],{"class":760},[52,125914,3465],{"class":756},[52,125916,125917,125919,125921,125923],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125918,118],{"class":101},[52,125920,105],{"class":66},[52,125922,7751],{"class":108},[52,125924,112],{"class":66},[461,125926,125928],{"id":125927},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125930,125931],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[43,125933,125935],{"className":45,"code":125934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125936,125937,125941],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125938,125939],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125940,125771],{"class":129},[52,125942,125943],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125944,125945],{"class":129},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125947,125948],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[43,125950,125952],{"className":45,"code":125951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125953,125954,125971,125984,125988,125998],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,125955,125956,125958,125960,125962,125964,125966,125969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,125957,125699],{"class":58},[52,125959,63],{"class":62},[52,125961,3401],{"class":756},[52,125963,125804],{"class":760},[52,125965,125807],{"class":34550},[52,125967,125968],{"class":760},"s good",[52,125970,29795],{"class":756},[52,125972,125973,125975,125977,125979,125982],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,125974,125713],{"class":58},[52,125976,63],{"class":62},[52,125978,768],{"class":756},[52,125980,125981],{"class":760},"It's good",[52,125983,3465],{"class":756},[52,125985,125986],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,125987,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,125989,125990,125992,125994,125996],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,125991,118],{"class":101},[52,125993,105],{"class":66},[52,125995,125735],{"class":108},[52,125997,112],{"class":66},[52,125999,126000,126002,126004,126006],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,126001,118],{"class":101},[52,126003,105],{"class":66},[52,126005,125746],{"class":108},[52,126007,112],{"class":66},[461,126009,126011],{"id":126010},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,126013,126014],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[43,126016,126018],{"className":45,"code":126017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126019,126020,126032],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126021,126022,126024,126026,126028,126030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126023,34785],{"class":58},[52,126025,63],{"class":62},[52,126027,125375],{"class":756},[52,126029,761],{"class":760},[52,126031,43420],{"class":756},[52,126033,126034,126036,126038,126040],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126035,118],{"class":101},[52,126037,105],{"class":66},[52,126039,34806],{"class":108},[52,126041,112],{"class":66},[20,126043,126044],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[43,126046,126048],{"className":45,"code":126047,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,126049,126050,126062],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126051,126052,126054,126056,126058,126060],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126053,34785],{"class":58},[52,126055,63],{"class":62},[52,126057,768],{"class":756},[52,126059,761],{"class":760},[52,126061,3465],{"class":756},[52,126063,126064,126066,126068,126070],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126065,118],{"class":101},[52,126067,105],{"class":66},[52,126069,34806],{"class":108},[52,126071,112],{"class":66},[461,126073,4670,126075,652,126077,126079],{"id":126074},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,126076,50329],{},[15,126078,50379],{}," are the same type",[20,126081,126082],{},"They are different:",[43,126084,126086],{"className":45,"code":126085,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,126087,126088,126097,126110,126114,126128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126089,126090,126093,126095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126091,126092],{"class":58},"value1 ",[52,126094,63],{"class":62},[52,126096,125103],{"class":70},[52,126098,126099,126102,126104,126106,126108],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126100,126101],{"class":58},"value2 ",[52,126103,63],{"class":62},[52,126105,768],{"class":756},[52,126107,50329],{"class":760},[52,126109,3465],{"class":756},[52,126111,126112],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126113,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,126115,126116,126118,126120,126122,126124,126126],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,126117,118],{"class":101},[52,126119,105],{"class":66},[52,126121,1827],{"class":1184},[52,126123,105],{"class":66},[52,126125,84841],{"class":108},[52,126127,510],{"class":66},[52,126129,126130,126132,126134,126136,126138,126141],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,126131,118],{"class":101},[52,126133,105],{"class":66},[52,126135,1827],{"class":1184},[52,126137,105],{"class":66},[52,126139,126140],{"class":108},"value2",[52,126142,510],{"class":66},[20,126144,311],{},[43,126146,126148],{"className":45,"code":126147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,126149,126150,126164],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126151,126152,126154,126156,126158,126160,126162],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126153,3395],{"class":62},[52,126155,3398],{"class":2184},[52,126157,3401],{"class":756},[52,126159,1185],{"class":760},[52,126161,3406],{"class":756},[52,126163,3409],{"class":62},[52,126165,126166,126168,126170,126172,126174,126176],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126167,3395],{"class":62},[52,126169,3398],{"class":2184},[52,126171,3401],{"class":756},[52,126173,3550],{"class":760},[52,126175,3406],{"class":756},[52,126177,3409],{"class":62},[461,126179,126181],{"id":126180},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,126183,126184],{},"This causes a type error:",[43,126186,126188],{"className":45,"code":126187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,126189,126190,126194,126199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126191,126192],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126193,125771],{"class":129},[52,126195,126196],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126197,126198],{"class":129},"# age = 10\n",[52,126200,126201],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126202,126203],{"class":129},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,126205,126206,126207,1772],{},"Fix it with ",[15,126208,862],{},[43,126210,126212],{"className":45,"code":126211,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,126213,126214,126222,126244,126248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126215,126216,126218,126220],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126217,21723],{"class":58},[52,126219,63],{"class":62},[52,126221,2701],{"class":70},[52,126223,126224,126226,126228,126230,126232,126234,126236,126238,126240,126242],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126225,90078],{"class":58},[52,126227,63],{"class":62},[52,126229,768],{"class":756},[52,126231,89496],{"class":760},[52,126233,757],{"class":756},[52,126235,2570],{"class":62},[52,126237,48987],{"class":1184},[52,126239,105],{"class":66},[52,126241,9384],{"class":108},[52,126243,112],{"class":66},[52,126245,126246],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126247,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,126249,126250,126252,126254,126256],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,126251,118],{"class":101},[52,126253,105],{"class":66},[52,126255,90095],{"class":108},[52,126257,112],{"class":66},[20,126259,126260,126261,242],{},"For this specific error, see ",[236,126262,90474],{"href":90473},[461,126264,60786],{"id":60785},[20,126266,126267],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[43,126269,126271],{"className":45,"code":126270,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,126272,126273,126285,126289,126299,126313],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126274,126275,126277,126279,126281,126283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126276,34785],{"class":58},[52,126278,63],{"class":62},[52,126280,768],{"class":756},[52,126282,761],{"class":760},[52,126284,3465],{"class":756},[52,126286,126287],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126288,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,126290,126291,126293,126295,126297],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126292,118],{"class":101},[52,126294,105],{"class":66},[52,126296,34806],{"class":108},[52,126298,112],{"class":66},[52,126300,126301,126303,126305,126307,126309,126311],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,126302,118],{"class":101},[52,126304,105],{"class":66},[52,126306,1827],{"class":1184},[52,126308,105],{"class":66},[52,126310,34806],{"class":108},[52,126312,510],{"class":66},[52,126314,126315,126317,126319,126321,126323,126325],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,126316,118],{"class":101},[52,126318,105],{"class":66},[52,126320,41865],{"class":101},[52,126322,105],{"class":66},[52,126324,34806],{"class":108},[52,126326,510],{"class":66},[153,126328,126329,126334,126339],{},[156,126330,126331,46363],{},[15,126332,126333],{},"print(text)",[156,126335,126336,46368],{},[15,126337,126338],{},"print(type(text))",[156,126340,126341,126344],{},[15,126342,126343],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[38,126346,1919],{"id":1918},[461,126348,126350],{"id":126349},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,126352,126353,126354,1943,126357,242],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,126355,126356],{},"'hello'",[15,126358,64610],{},[461,126360,126362],{"id":126361},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,126364,126365],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[461,126367,126369],{"id":126368},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,126371,133,126372,1943,126374,242],{},[15,126373,831],{},[15,126375,3873],{},[461,126377,126379],{"id":126378},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,126381,133,126382,126384,126385,126387,126388,242],{},[15,126383,862],{},", like ",[15,126386,80453],{},", which returns ",[15,126389,42212],{},[461,126391,126393],{"id":126392},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,126395,126396],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[38,126398,1986],{"id":1985},[153,126400,126401,126405,126411,126416,126425,126429],{},[156,126402,126403],{},[236,126404,125176],{"href":51059},[156,126406,126407],{},[236,126408,13,126409,1999],{"href":859},[15,126410,862],{},[156,126412,126413],{},[236,126414,126415],{"href":123346},"How to convert int to string in Python",[156,126417,126418],{},[236,126419,126421,126422,10828],{"href":126420},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,126423,126424],{},"format()",[156,126426,126427],{},[236,126428,125862],{"href":125861},[156,126430,126431],{},[236,126432,90474],{"href":90473},[2029,126434,126435],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":126437},[126438,126439,126440,126441,126442,126443,126444,126445,126446,126455,126462],{"id":15253,"depth":93,"text":15254},{"id":125015,"depth":93,"text":125016},{"id":125179,"depth":93,"text":125180},{"id":125254,"depth":93,"text":125255},{"id":125354,"depth":93,"text":125355},{"id":125459,"depth":93,"text":125460},{"id":125637,"depth":93,"text":125638},{"id":125754,"depth":93,"text":125755},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":126447},[126448,126449,126450,126451,126453,126454],{"id":90281,"depth":115,"text":90282},{"id":125927,"depth":115,"text":125928},{"id":126010,"depth":115,"text":126011},{"id":126074,"depth":115,"text":126452},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":126180,"depth":115,"text":126181},{"id":60785,"depth":115,"text":60786},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":126456},[126457,126458,126459,126460,126461],{"id":126349,"depth":115,"text":126350},{"id":126361,"depth":115,"text":126362},{"id":126368,"depth":115,"text":126369},{"id":126378,"depth":115,"text":126379},{"id":126392,"depth":115,"text":126393},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124877,"description":126463},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":126470,"title":126471,"body":126472,"description":128386,"extension":2083,"meta":128387,"navigation":296,"path":128388,"seo":128389,"stem":128390,"__hash__":128391},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":126473,"toc":128347},[126474,126480,126485,126493,126495,126562,126564,126576,126585,126590,126594,126611,126613,126678,126680,126692,126697,126699,126727,126748,126751,126790,126792,126800,126804,126808,126812,126820,126823,126864,126866,126874,126877,126934,126936,126944,126948,126953,126997,126999,127007,127016,127020,127025,127073,127075,127083,127089,127091,127095,127107,127112,127191,127193,127213,127217,127221,127261,127263,127271,127275,127318,127320,127328,127332,127372,127374,127382,127386,127442,127444,127452,127458,127460,127464,127474,127541,127543,127556,127563,127606,127608,127616,127620,127623,127679,127681,127689,127692,127694,127771,127773,127781,127790,127792,127796,127800,127802,127824,127827,127874,127878,127917,127919,127927,127929,127971,127978,127983,128045,128047,128059,128065,128070,128119,128121,128140,128146,128148,128167,128169,128260,128262,128268,128275,128281,128287,128292,128301,128308,128316,128318,128344],[10,126475,123421,126477,11411],{"id":126476},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,126478,126479],{},"endswith()",[20,126481,123426,126482,126484],{},[15,126483,126479],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126486,126487,126488,1943,126490,126492],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126489,173],{},[15,126491,655],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[38,126494,41],{"id":40},[43,126496,126498],{"className":45,"code":126497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126499,126500,126514,126539],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126501,126502,126505,126507,126509,126512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126503,126504],{"class":58},"filename ",[52,126506,63],{"class":62},[52,126508,768],{"class":756},[52,126510,126511],{"class":760},"report.csv",[52,126513,3465],{"class":756},[52,126515,126516,126518,126520,126523,126525,126528,126530,126532,126535,126537],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126517,118],{"class":101},[52,126519,105],{"class":66},[52,126521,126522],{"class":108},"filename",[52,126524,242],{"class":66},[52,126526,126527],{"class":108},"endswith",[52,126529,105],{"class":66},[52,126531,757],{"class":756},[52,126533,126534],{"class":760},".csv",[52,126536,757],{"class":756},[52,126538,510],{"class":66},[52,126540,126541,126543,126545,126547,126549,126551,126553,126555,126558,126560],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126542,118],{"class":101},[52,126544,105],{"class":66},[52,126546,126522],{"class":108},[52,126548,242],{"class":66},[52,126550,126527],{"class":108},[52,126552,105],{"class":66},[52,126554,757],{"class":756},[52,126556,126557],{"class":760},".txt",[52,126559,757],{"class":756},[52,126561,510],{"class":66},[20,126563,311],{},[43,126565,126566],{"className":45,"code":44258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126567,126568,126572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126569,126570],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126571,4072],{"class":674},[52,126573,126574],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126575,4133],{"class":674},[20,126577,133,126578,5458,126580,1943,126582,126584],{},[15,126579,126479],{},[15,126581,173],{},[15,126583,655],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[38,126586,140,126588,143],{"id":126587},"what-endswith-does",[15,126589,126479],{},[20,126591,126592,1772],{},[15,126593,126479],{},[153,126595,126596,126599,126605,126608],{},[156,126597,126598],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[156,126600,11513,126601,1943,126603],{},[15,126602,173],{},[15,126604,655],{},[156,126606,126607],{},"Does not change the original string",[156,126609,126610],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126612,2324],{},[43,126614,126616],{"className":45,"code":126615,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126617,126618,126630,126634,126656],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126619,126620,126622,126624,126626,126628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126621,34785],{"class":58},[52,126623,63],{"class":62},[52,126625,768],{"class":756},[52,126627,60486],{"class":760},[52,126629,3465],{"class":756},[52,126631,126632],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126633,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,126635,126636,126638,126640,126642,126644,126646,126648,126650,126652,126654],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,126637,118],{"class":101},[52,126639,105],{"class":66},[52,126641,34806],{"class":108},[52,126643,242],{"class":66},[52,126645,126527],{"class":108},[52,126647,105],{"class":66},[52,126649,757],{"class":756},[52,126651,771],{"class":760},[52,126653,757],{"class":756},[52,126655,510],{"class":66},[52,126657,126658,126660,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672,126674,126676],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,126659,118],{"class":101},[52,126661,105],{"class":66},[52,126663,34806],{"class":108},[52,126665,242],{"class":66},[52,126667,126527],{"class":108},[52,126669,105],{"class":66},[52,126671,757],{"class":756},[52,126673,761],{"class":760},[52,126675,757],{"class":756},[52,126677,510],{"class":66},[20,126679,311],{},[43,126681,126682],{"className":45,"code":44258,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126683,126684,126688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126685,126686],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126687,4072],{"class":674},[52,126689,126690],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126691,4133],{"class":674},[20,126693,126694,126695,242],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[236,126696,125176],{"href":51059},[38,126698,181],{"id":180},[43,126700,126702],{"className":45,"code":126701,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126703,126704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126705,126706,126708,126710,126712,126714,126717,126719,126721,126723,126725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126707,61250],{"class":58},[52,126709,242],{"class":66},[52,126711,126527],{"class":108},[52,126713,105],{"class":66},[52,126715,126716],{"class":108},"suffix",[52,126718,74],{"class":66},[52,126720,202],{"class":108},[52,126722,74],{"class":66},[52,126724,65116],{"class":108},[52,126726,112],{"class":66},[153,126728,126729,126734,126741],{},[156,126730,126731,126733],{},[15,126732,126716],{}," is required",[156,126735,126736,652,126738,126740],{},[15,126737,35],{},[15,126739,52742],{}," are optional",[156,126742,126743,652,126745,126747],{},[15,126744,35],{},[15,126746,52742],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126749,126750],{},"Basic example:",[43,126752,126754],{"className":45,"code":126753,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126755,126756,126768],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126757,126758,126760,126762,126764,126766],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126759,126504],{"class":58},[52,126761,63],{"class":62},[52,126763,768],{"class":756},[52,126765,86966],{"class":760},[52,126767,3465],{"class":756},[52,126769,126770,126772,126774,126776,126778,126780,126782,126784,126786,126788],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126771,118],{"class":101},[52,126773,105],{"class":66},[52,126775,126522],{"class":108},[52,126777,242],{"class":66},[52,126779,126527],{"class":108},[52,126781,105],{"class":66},[52,126783,757],{"class":756},[52,126785,126557],{"class":760},[52,126787,757],{"class":756},[52,126789,510],{"class":66},[20,126791,311],{},[43,126793,126794],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126795,126796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126797,126798],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126799,4072],{"class":674},[38,126801,126803],{"id":126802},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[461,126805,126806],{"id":126716},[15,126807,126716],{},[20,126809,126810,30845],{},[15,126811,126716],{},[153,126813,126814,126817],{},[156,126815,126816],{},"A single string",[156,126818,126819],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126821,126822],{},"Single suffix:",[43,126824,126826],{"className":45,"code":126825,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126827,126828,126841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126829,126830,126832,126834,126836,126839],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126831,7961],{"class":58},[52,126833,63],{"class":62},[52,126835,768],{"class":756},[52,126837,126838],{"class":760},"image.png",[52,126840,3465],{"class":756},[52,126842,126843,126845,126847,126849,126851,126853,126855,126857,126860,126862],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126844,118],{"class":101},[52,126846,105],{"class":66},[52,126848,7751],{"class":108},[52,126850,242],{"class":66},[52,126852,126527],{"class":108},[52,126854,105],{"class":66},[52,126856,757],{"class":756},[52,126858,126859],{"class":760},".png",[52,126861,757],{"class":756},[52,126863,510],{"class":66},[20,126865,311],{},[43,126867,126868],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126869,126870],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126871,126872],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126873,4072],{"class":674},[20,126875,126876],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[43,126878,126880],{"className":45,"code":126879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126881,126882,126894],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126883,126884,126886,126888,126890,126892],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126885,7961],{"class":58},[52,126887,63],{"class":62},[52,126889,768],{"class":756},[52,126891,126838],{"class":760},[52,126893,3465],{"class":756},[52,126895,126896,126898,126900,126902,126904,126906,126908,126910,126913,126915,126917,126919,126921,126923,126925,126927,126930,126932],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126897,118],{"class":101},[52,126899,105],{"class":66},[52,126901,7751],{"class":108},[52,126903,242],{"class":66},[52,126905,126527],{"class":108},[52,126907,5599],{"class":66},[52,126909,757],{"class":756},[52,126911,126912],{"class":760},".jpg",[52,126914,757],{"class":756},[52,126916,74],{"class":66},[52,126918,768],{"class":756},[52,126920,126859],{"class":760},[52,126922,757],{"class":756},[52,126924,74],{"class":66},[52,126926,768],{"class":756},[52,126928,126929],{"class":760},".gif",[52,126931,757],{"class":756},[52,126933,622],{"class":66},[20,126935,311],{},[43,126937,126938],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,126939,126940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126941,126942],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126943,4072],{"class":674},[461,126945,126946],{"id":35},[15,126947,35],{},[20,126949,126950,126952],{},[15,126951,35],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[43,126954,126956],{"className":45,"code":126955,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126957,126958,126971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,126959,126960,126962,126964,126966,126969],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,126961,34785],{"class":58},[52,126963,63],{"class":62},[52,126965,768],{"class":756},[52,126967,126968],{"class":760},"my_report.csv",[52,126970,3465],{"class":756},[52,126972,126973,126975,126977,126979,126981,126983,126985,126987,126989,126991,126993,126995],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,126974,118],{"class":101},[52,126976,105],{"class":66},[52,126978,34806],{"class":108},[52,126980,242],{"class":66},[52,126982,126527],{"class":108},[52,126984,105],{"class":66},[52,126986,757],{"class":756},[52,126988,126534],{"class":760},[52,126990,757],{"class":756},[52,126992,74],{"class":66},[52,126994,82],{"class":70},[52,126996,510],{"class":66},[20,126998,311],{},[43,127000,127001],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127002,127003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127004,127005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127006,4072],{"class":674},[20,127008,127009,127010,127012,127013,242],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,127011,445],{}," onward, which is ",[15,127014,127015],{},"\"report.csv\"",[461,127017,127018],{"id":52742},[15,127019,52742],{},[20,127021,127022,127024],{},[15,127023,52742],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[43,127026,127028],{"className":45,"code":127027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,127029,127030,127043],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127031,127032,127034,127036,127038,127041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127033,34785],{"class":58},[52,127035,63],{"class":62},[52,127037,768],{"class":756},[52,127039,127040],{"class":760},"report.csv backup",[52,127042,3465],{"class":756},[52,127044,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127055,127057,127059,127061,127063,127065,127067,127069,127071],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127046,118],{"class":101},[52,127048,105],{"class":66},[52,127050,34806],{"class":108},[52,127052,242],{"class":66},[52,127054,126527],{"class":108},[52,127056,105],{"class":66},[52,127058,757],{"class":756},[52,127060,126534],{"class":760},[52,127062,757],{"class":756},[52,127064,74],{"class":66},[52,127066,3933],{"class":70},[52,127068,74],{"class":66},[52,127070,270],{"class":70},[52,127072,510],{"class":66},[20,127074,311],{},[43,127076,127077],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127078,127079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127080,127081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127082,4072],{"class":674},[20,127084,127085,127086,127088],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,127087,127015],{}," and ignores the rest.",[38,127090,17512],{"id":17511},[20,127092,127093,25603],{},[15,127094,126479],{},[153,127096,127097,127102],{},[156,127098,127099,127101],{},[15,127100,173],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[156,127103,127104,127106],{},[15,127105,655],{}," if it does not",[20,127108,127109,127110,7254],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,127111,7079],{},[43,127113,127115],{"className":45,"code":127114,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,127116,127117,127130,127134,127155,127170,127176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127118,127119,127121,127123,127125,127128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127120,126504],{"class":58},[52,127122,63],{"class":62},[52,127124,768],{"class":756},[52,127126,127127],{"class":760},"data.csv",[52,127129,3465],{"class":756},[52,127131,127132],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127133,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,127135,127136,127138,127141,127143,127145,127147,127149,127151,127153],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,127137,7079],{"class":1195},[52,127139,127140],{"class":58}," filename",[52,127142,242],{"class":66},[52,127144,126527],{"class":108},[52,127146,105],{"class":66},[52,127148,757],{"class":756},[52,127150,126534],{"class":760},[52,127152,757],{"class":756},[52,127154,8428],{"class":66},[52,127156,127157,127159,127161,127163,127166,127168],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,127158,8154],{"class":101},[52,127160,105],{"class":66},[52,127162,757],{"class":756},[52,127164,127165],{"class":760},"This is a CSV file.",[52,127167,757],{"class":756},[52,127169,112],{"class":66},[52,127171,127172,127174],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,127173,27528],{"class":1195},[52,127175,1689],{"class":66},[52,127177,127178,127180,127182,127184,127187,127189],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,127179,8154],{"class":101},[52,127181,105],{"class":66},[52,127183,757],{"class":756},[52,127185,127186],{"class":760},"This is not a CSV file.",[52,127188,757],{"class":756},[52,127190,112],{"class":66},[20,127192,311],{},[43,127194,127196],{"className":45,"code":127195,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,127197,127198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127199,127200,127202,127204,127206,127209,127211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127201,49962],{"class":58},[52,127203,12281],{"class":62},[52,127205,44629],{"class":58},[52,127207,127208],{"class":34550},"CSV",[52,127210,86707],{"class":86706},[52,127212,122453],{"class":66},[38,127214,127216],{"id":127215},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[461,127218,127220],{"id":127219},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[43,127222,127224],{"className":45,"code":127223,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127225,127226,127239],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127227,127228,127230,127232,127234,127237],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127229,126504],{"class":58},[52,127231,63],{"class":62},[52,127233,768],{"class":756},[52,127235,127236],{"class":760},"sales.csv",[52,127238,3465],{"class":756},[52,127240,127241,127243,127245,127247,127249,127251,127253,127255,127257,127259],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127242,118],{"class":101},[52,127244,105],{"class":66},[52,127246,126522],{"class":108},[52,127248,242],{"class":66},[52,127250,126527],{"class":108},[52,127252,105],{"class":66},[52,127254,757],{"class":756},[52,127256,126534],{"class":760},[52,127258,757],{"class":756},[52,127260,510],{"class":66},[20,127262,311],{},[43,127264,127265],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127266,127267],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127268,127269],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127270,4072],{"class":674},[461,127272,127274],{"id":127273},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[43,127276,127278],{"className":45,"code":127277,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,127279,127280,127294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127281,127282,127285,127287,127289,127292],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127283,127284],{"class":58},"url ",[52,127286,63],{"class":62},[52,127288,768],{"class":756},[52,127290,127291],{"class":760},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[52,127293,3465],{"class":756},[52,127295,127296,127298,127300,127303,127305,127307,127309,127311,127314,127316],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127297,118],{"class":101},[52,127299,105],{"class":66},[52,127301,127302],{"class":108},"url",[52,127304,242],{"class":66},[52,127306,126527],{"class":108},[52,127308,105],{"class":66},[52,127310,757],{"class":756},[52,127312,127313],{"class":760},"\u002F",[52,127315,757],{"class":756},[52,127317,510],{"class":66},[20,127319,311],{},[43,127321,127322],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127323,127324],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127325,127326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127327,4072],{"class":674},[461,127329,127331],{"id":127330},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[43,127333,127335],{"className":45,"code":127334,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,127336,127337,127350],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127338,127339,127341,127343,127345,127348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127340,90078],{"class":58},[52,127342,63],{"class":62},[52,127344,768],{"class":756},[52,127346,127347],{"class":760},"Hello!",[52,127349,3465],{"class":756},[52,127351,127352,127354,127356,127358,127360,127362,127364,127366,127368,127370],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127353,118],{"class":101},[52,127355,105],{"class":66},[52,127357,90095],{"class":108},[52,127359,242],{"class":66},[52,127361,126527],{"class":108},[52,127363,105],{"class":66},[52,127365,757],{"class":756},[52,127367,89919],{"class":760},[52,127369,757],{"class":756},[52,127371,510],{"class":66},[20,127373,311],{},[43,127375,127376],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127377,127378],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127379,127380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127381,4072],{"class":674},[461,127383,127385],{"id":127384},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[43,127387,127389],{"className":45,"code":127388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127390,127391,127404],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127392,127393,127395,127397,127399,127402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127394,126504],{"class":58},[52,127396,63],{"class":62},[52,127398,768],{"class":756},[52,127400,127401],{"class":760},"photo.jpg",[52,127403,3465],{"class":756},[52,127405,127406,127408,127410,127412,127414,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434,127436,127438,127440],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127407,118],{"class":101},[52,127409,105],{"class":66},[52,127411,126522],{"class":108},[52,127413,242],{"class":66},[52,127415,126527],{"class":108},[52,127417,5599],{"class":66},[52,127419,757],{"class":756},[52,127421,126912],{"class":760},[52,127423,757],{"class":756},[52,127425,74],{"class":66},[52,127427,768],{"class":756},[52,127429,126859],{"class":760},[52,127431,757],{"class":756},[52,127433,74],{"class":66},[52,127435,768],{"class":756},[52,127437,126929],{"class":760},[52,127439,757],{"class":756},[52,127441,622],{"class":66},[20,127443,311],{},[43,127445,127446],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127447,127448],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127449,127450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127451,4072],{"class":674},[20,127453,127454,127455,242],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[236,127456,127457],{"href":123676},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[38,127459,124068],{"id":124067},[20,127461,127462,123879],{},[15,127463,126479],{},[20,127465,127466,127467,652,127470,127473],{},"That means ",[15,127468,127469],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,127471,127472],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[43,127475,127477],{"className":45,"code":127476,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,127478,127479,127492,127496,127518],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127480,127481,127483,127485,127487,127490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127482,126504],{"class":58},[52,127484,63],{"class":62},[52,127486,768],{"class":756},[52,127488,127489],{"class":760},"REPORT.CSV",[52,127491,3465],{"class":756},[52,127493,127494],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127495,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,127497,127498,127500,127502,127504,127506,127508,127510,127512,127514,127516],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,127499,118],{"class":101},[52,127501,105],{"class":66},[52,127503,126522],{"class":108},[52,127505,242],{"class":66},[52,127507,126527],{"class":108},[52,127509,105],{"class":66},[52,127511,757],{"class":756},[52,127513,126534],{"class":760},[52,127515,757],{"class":756},[52,127517,510],{"class":66},[52,127519,127520,127522,127524,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127537,127539],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,127521,118],{"class":101},[52,127523,105],{"class":66},[52,127525,126522],{"class":108},[52,127527,242],{"class":66},[52,127529,126527],{"class":108},[52,127531,105],{"class":66},[52,127533,757],{"class":756},[52,127535,127536],{"class":760},".CSV",[52,127538,757],{"class":756},[52,127540,510],{"class":66},[20,127542,311],{},[43,127544,127546],{"className":45,"code":127545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127547,127548,127552],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127549,127550],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127551,4133],{"class":674},[52,127553,127554],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127555,4072],{"class":674},[20,127557,127558,127559,242],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[236,127560,127561],{"href":124148},[15,127562,124151],{},[43,127564,127566],{"className":45,"code":127565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127567,127568,127580],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127569,127570,127572,127574,127576,127578],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127571,126504],{"class":58},[52,127573,63],{"class":62},[52,127575,768],{"class":756},[52,127577,127489],{"class":760},[52,127579,3465],{"class":756},[52,127581,127582,127584,127586,127588,127590,127592,127594,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127583,118],{"class":101},[52,127585,105],{"class":66},[52,127587,126522],{"class":108},[52,127589,242],{"class":66},[52,127591,8726],{"class":108},[52,127593,8723],{"class":66},[52,127595,126527],{"class":108},[52,127597,105],{"class":66},[52,127599,757],{"class":756},[52,127601,126534],{"class":760},[52,127603,757],{"class":756},[52,127605,510],{"class":66},[20,127607,311],{},[43,127609,127610],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127611,127612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127613,127614],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127615,4072],{"class":674},[38,127617,127619],{"id":127618},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127621,127622],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[43,127624,127626],{"className":45,"code":127625,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127627,127628,127641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127629,127630,127632,127634,127636,127639],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127631,126504],{"class":58},[52,127633,63],{"class":62},[52,127635,768],{"class":756},[52,127637,127638],{"class":760},"picture.gif",[52,127640,3465],{"class":756},[52,127642,127643,127645,127647,127649,127651,127653,127655,127657,127659,127661,127663,127665,127667,127669,127671,127673,127675,127677],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127644,118],{"class":101},[52,127646,105],{"class":66},[52,127648,126522],{"class":108},[52,127650,242],{"class":66},[52,127652,126527],{"class":108},[52,127654,5599],{"class":66},[52,127656,757],{"class":756},[52,127658,126912],{"class":760},[52,127660,757],{"class":756},[52,127662,74],{"class":66},[52,127664,768],{"class":756},[52,127666,126859],{"class":760},[52,127668,757],{"class":756},[52,127670,74],{"class":66},[52,127672,768],{"class":756},[52,127674,126929],{"class":760},[52,127676,757],{"class":756},[52,127678,622],{"class":66},[20,127680,311],{},[43,127682,127683],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127684,127685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127686,127687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127688,4072],{"class":674},[20,127690,127691],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127693,52161],{},[43,127695,127697],{"className":45,"code":127696,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127698,127699,127712,127747,127751],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127700,127701,127704,127706,127708,127710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127702,127703],{"class":58},"document ",[52,127705,63],{"class":62},[52,127707,768],{"class":756},[52,127709,86966],{"class":760},[52,127711,3465],{"class":756},[52,127713,127714,127717,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127734,127736,127738,127740,127743,127745],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127715,127716],{"class":58},"allowed ",[52,127718,63],{"class":62},[52,127720,9321],{"class":66},[52,127722,757],{"class":756},[52,127724,126557],{"class":760},[52,127726,757],{"class":756},[52,127728,74],{"class":66},[52,127730,768],{"class":756},[52,127732,127733],{"class":760},".md",[52,127735,757],{"class":756},[52,127737,74],{"class":66},[52,127739,768],{"class":756},[52,127741,127742],{"class":760},".docx",[52,127744,757],{"class":756},[52,127746,112],{"class":66},[52,127748,127749],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,127750,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,127752,127753,127755,127757,127760,127762,127764,127766,127769],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,127754,118],{"class":101},[52,127756,105],{"class":66},[52,127758,127759],{"class":108},"document",[52,127761,242],{"class":66},[52,127763,126527],{"class":108},[52,127765,105],{"class":66},[52,127767,127768],{"class":108},"allowed",[52,127770,510],{"class":66},[20,127772,311],{},[43,127774,127775],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127776,127777],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127778,127779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127780,4072],{"class":674},[20,127782,127783,127784,242],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[236,127785,126421,127787,10828],{"href":127786},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127788,127789],{},"startswith()",[38,127791,1766],{"id":1765},[20,127793,8532,127794,242],{},[15,127795,126479],{},[461,127797,127799],{"id":127798},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127801,1005],{},[43,127803,127805],{"className":45,"code":127804,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127806,127807,127819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127808,127809,127811,127813,127815,127817],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127810,126504],{"class":58},[52,127812,63],{"class":62},[52,127814,768],{"class":756},[52,127816,127401],{"class":760},[52,127818,3465],{"class":756},[52,127820,127821],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127822,127823],{"class":129},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127825,127826],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[43,127828,127830],{"className":45,"code":127829,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127831,127832,127844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127833,127834,127836,127838,127840,127842],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127835,126504],{"class":58},[52,127837,63],{"class":62},[52,127839,768],{"class":756},[52,127841,127401],{"class":760},[52,127843,3465],{"class":756},[52,127845,127846,127848,127850,127852,127854,127856,127858,127860,127862,127864,127866,127868,127870,127872],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127847,118],{"class":101},[52,127849,105],{"class":66},[52,127851,126522],{"class":108},[52,127853,242],{"class":66},[52,127855,126527],{"class":108},[52,127857,5599],{"class":66},[52,127859,757],{"class":756},[52,127861,126912],{"class":760},[52,127863,757],{"class":756},[52,127865,74],{"class":66},[52,127867,768],{"class":756},[52,127869,126859],{"class":760},[52,127871,757],{"class":756},[52,127873,622],{"class":66},[461,127875,127877],{"id":127876},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[43,127879,127881],{"className":45,"code":127880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127882,127883,127895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127884,127885,127887,127889,127891,127893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127886,126504],{"class":58},[52,127888,63],{"class":62},[52,127890,768],{"class":756},[52,127892,127489],{"class":760},[52,127894,3465],{"class":756},[52,127896,127897,127899,127901,127903,127905,127907,127909,127911,127913,127915],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127898,118],{"class":101},[52,127900,105],{"class":66},[52,127902,126522],{"class":108},[52,127904,242],{"class":66},[52,127906,126527],{"class":108},[52,127908,105],{"class":66},[52,127910,757],{"class":756},[52,127912,126534],{"class":760},[52,127914,757],{"class":756},[52,127916,510],{"class":66},[20,127918,311],{},[43,127920,127921],{"className":45,"code":4133,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127922,127923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127924,127925],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127926,4133],{"class":674},[20,127928,39354],{},[43,127930,127931],{"className":45,"code":127565,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,127932,127933,127945],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127934,127935,127937,127939,127941,127943],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127936,126504],{"class":58},[52,127938,63],{"class":62},[52,127940,768],{"class":756},[52,127942,127489],{"class":760},[52,127944,3465],{"class":756},[52,127946,127947,127949,127951,127953,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963,127965,127967,127969],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,127948,118],{"class":101},[52,127950,105],{"class":66},[52,127952,126522],{"class":108},[52,127954,242],{"class":66},[52,127956,8726],{"class":108},[52,127958,8723],{"class":66},[52,127960,126527],{"class":108},[52,127962,105],{"class":66},[52,127964,757],{"class":756},[52,127966,126534],{"class":760},[52,127968,757],{"class":756},[52,127970,510],{"class":66},[461,127972,37298,127974,8791,127976],{"id":127973},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127975,126479],{},[15,127977,1202],{},[20,127979,127980,127982],{},[15,127981,126479],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[43,127984,127986],{"className":45,"code":127985,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127987,127988,128001,128005,128027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,127989,127990,127992,127994,127996,127999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,127991,34785],{"class":58},[52,127993,63],{"class":62},[52,127995,768],{"class":756},[52,127997,127998],{"class":760},"my_report.csv.backup",[52,128000,3465],{"class":756},[52,128002,128003],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128004,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,128006,128007,128009,128011,128013,128015,128017,128019,128021,128023,128025],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128008,118],{"class":101},[52,128010,105],{"class":66},[52,128012,34806],{"class":108},[52,128014,242],{"class":66},[52,128016,126527],{"class":108},[52,128018,105],{"class":66},[52,128020,757],{"class":756},[52,128022,126534],{"class":760},[52,128024,757],{"class":756},[52,128026,510],{"class":66},[52,128028,128029,128031,128033,128035,128037,128039,128041,128043],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,128030,118],{"class":101},[52,128032,105],{"class":66},[52,128034,757],{"class":756},[52,128036,126534],{"class":760},[52,128038,757],{"class":756},[52,128040,21268],{"class":1195},[52,128042,42925],{"class":108},[52,128044,112],{"class":66},[20,128046,311],{},[43,128048,128049],{"className":45,"code":127545,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,128050,128051,128055],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128052,128053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128054,4133],{"class":674},[52,128056,128057],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128058,4072],{"class":674},[461,128060,8538,128062,128064],{"id":128061},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,128063,126479],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,128066,128067,128069],{},[15,128068,126479],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[43,128071,128073],{"className":45,"code":128072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,128074,128075,128087,128109],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128076,128077,128079,128081,128083,128085],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128078,126504],{"class":58},[52,128080,63],{"class":62},[52,128082,768],{"class":756},[52,128084,126511],{"class":760},[52,128086,3465],{"class":756},[52,128088,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128090,118],{"class":101},[52,128092,105],{"class":66},[52,128094,126522],{"class":108},[52,128096,242],{"class":66},[52,128098,126527],{"class":108},[52,128100,105],{"class":66},[52,128102,757],{"class":756},[52,128104,126534],{"class":760},[52,128106,757],{"class":756},[52,128108,510],{"class":66},[52,128110,128111,128113,128115,128117],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128112,118],{"class":101},[52,128114,105],{"class":66},[52,128116,126522],{"class":108},[52,128118,112],{"class":66},[20,128120,311],{},[43,128122,128124],{"className":45,"code":128123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,128125,128126,128130],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128127,128128],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128129,4072],{"class":674},[52,128131,128132,128135,128137],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128133,128134],{"class":58},"report",[52,128136,242],{"class":66},[52,128138,128139],{"class":24845},"csv\n",[20,128141,128142,128143,242],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[236,128144,128145],{"href":124589},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,128147,66138],{},[153,128149,128150,128153,128156,128159],{},[156,128151,128152],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[156,128154,128155],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[156,128157,128158],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[156,128160,1372,128161,44714,128163,1943,128165,111620],{},[15,128162,126479],{},[15,128164,124592],{},[15,128166,41739],{},[20,128168,30231],{},[43,128170,128172],{"className":45,"code":128171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,128173,128174,128184,128198,128220,128246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128175,128176,128178,128180,128182],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128177,118],{"class":101},[52,128179,105],{"class":66},[52,128181,34806],{"class":108},[52,128183,112],{"class":66},[52,128185,128186,128188,128190,128192,128194,128196],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128187,118],{"class":101},[52,128189,105],{"class":66},[52,128191,41865],{"class":101},[52,128193,105],{"class":66},[52,128195,34806],{"class":108},[52,128197,510],{"class":66},[52,128199,128200,128202,128204,128206,128208,128210,128212,128214,128216,128218],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128201,118],{"class":101},[52,128203,105],{"class":66},[52,128205,34806],{"class":108},[52,128207,242],{"class":66},[52,128209,126527],{"class":108},[52,128211,105],{"class":66},[52,128213,3406],{"class":756},[52,128215,126534],{"class":760},[52,128217,3406],{"class":756},[52,128219,510],{"class":66},[52,128221,128222,128224,128226,128228,128230,128232,128234,128236,128238,128240,128242,128244],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,128223,118],{"class":101},[52,128225,105],{"class":66},[52,128227,34806],{"class":108},[52,128229,242],{"class":66},[52,128231,8726],{"class":108},[52,128233,8723],{"class":66},[52,128235,126527],{"class":108},[52,128237,105],{"class":66},[52,128239,3406],{"class":756},[52,128241,126534],{"class":760},[52,128243,3406],{"class":756},[52,128245,510],{"class":66},[52,128247,128248,128250,128252,128254,128256,128258],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,128249,118],{"class":101},[52,128251,105],{"class":66},[52,128253,1827],{"class":1184},[52,128255,105],{"class":66},[52,128257,34806],{"class":108},[52,128259,510],{"class":66},[38,128261,1919],{"id":1918},[461,128263,12792,128265,128267],{"id":128264},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,128266,126479],{}," change the string?",[20,128269,128270,128271,1943,128273,242],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,128272,173],{},[15,128274,655],{},[461,128276,1933,128278,128280],{"id":128277},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,128279,126479],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,128282,128283,128284,242],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,128285,128286],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[461,128288,14994,128290,124757],{"id":128289},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,128291,126479],{},[20,128293,128294,128295,1943,128297,128300],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,128296,124151],{},[15,128298,128299],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[461,128302,5270,128304,652,128306,1963],{"id":128303},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,128305,126479],{},[15,128307,124416],{},[20,128309,128310,128312,128313,128315],{},[15,128311,126479],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,128314,124416],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[38,128317,1986],{"id":1985},[153,128319,128320,128326,128332,128336,128340],{},[156,128321,128322],{},[236,128323,126421,128324,10828],{"href":127786},[15,128325,127789],{},[156,128327,128328],{},[236,128329,126421,128330,10828],{"href":124148},[15,128331,124151],{},[156,128333,128334],{},[236,128335,124820],{"href":123676},[156,128337,128338],{},[236,128339,124827],{"href":124589},[156,128341,128342],{},[236,128343,125176],{"href":51059},[2029,128345,128346],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki 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.srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":128348},[128349,128350,128352,128353,128358,128359,128365,128366,128367,128375,128385],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":126587,"depth":93,"text":128351},"What endswith() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":126802,"depth":93,"text":126803,"children":128354},[128355,128356,128357],{"id":126716,"depth":115,"text":126716},{"id":35,"depth":115,"text":35},{"id":52742,"depth":115,"text":52742},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":127215,"depth":93,"text":127216,"children":128360},[128361,128362,128363,128364],{"id":127219,"depth":115,"text":127220},{"id":127273,"depth":115,"text":127274},{"id":127330,"depth":115,"text":127331},{"id":127384,"depth":115,"text":127385},{"id":124067,"depth":93,"text":124068},{"id":127618,"depth":93,"text":127619},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":128368},[128369,128370,128371,128373],{"id":127798,"depth":115,"text":127799},{"id":127876,"depth":115,"text":127877},{"id":127973,"depth":115,"text":128372},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":128061,"depth":115,"text":128374},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":128376},[128377,128379,128381,128383],{"id":128264,"depth":115,"text":128378},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":128277,"depth":115,"text":128380},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":128289,"depth":115,"text":128382},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":128303,"depth":115,"text":128384},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":126471,"description":128386},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":128393,"title":128394,"body":128395,"description":130063,"extension":2083,"meta":130064,"navigation":296,"path":130065,"seo":130066,"stem":130067,"__hash__":130068},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":128396,"toc":130036},[128397,128402,128407,128412,128417,128510,128520,128525,128530,128545,128547,128629,128637,128639,128641,128668,128670,128686,128693,128695,128803,128805,128810,128826,128828,128923,128931,128934,128940,128945,128950,128957,129096,129099,129112,129114,129118,129125,129195,129198,129247,129254,129261,129275,129280,129285,129331,129377,129393,129395,129400,129414,129417,129539,129544,129546,129551,129584,129587,129663,129665,129674,129688,129691,129775,129778,129889,129892,129920,129922,129929,129933,129939,129942,129948,129951,129958,129969,129975,129982,129984,130033],[10,128398,123421,128400,11411],{"id":128399},"python-string-find-method",[15,128401,124416],{},[20,128403,123426,128404,128406],{},[15,128405,124416],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,128408,128409,128410,242],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,128411,65930],{},[20,128413,133,128414,128416],{},[15,128415,124416],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[43,128418,128420],{"className":45,"code":128419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,128421,128422,128434,128457,128470,128474,128497],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128423,128424,128426,128428,128430,128432],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128425,34785],{"class":58},[52,128427,63],{"class":62},[52,128429,768],{"class":756},[52,128431,60486],{"class":760},[52,128433,3465],{"class":756},[52,128435,128436,128438,128440,128442,128444,128447,128449,128451,128453,128455],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128437,64995],{"class":58},[52,128439,63],{"class":62},[52,128441,42925],{"class":58},[52,128443,242],{"class":66},[52,128445,128446],{"class":108},"find",[52,128448,105],{"class":66},[52,128450,757],{"class":756},[52,128452,771],{"class":760},[52,128454,757],{"class":756},[52,128456,112],{"class":66},[52,128458,128459,128461,128463,128465,128467],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128460,118],{"class":101},[52,128462,105],{"class":66},[52,128464,65022],{"class":108},[52,128466,126],{"class":66},[52,128468,128469],{"class":129},"   # 6\n",[52,128471,128472],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,128473,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,128475,128476,128479,128481,128483,128485,128487,128489,128491,128493,128495],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,128477,128478],{"class":58},"missing ",[52,128480,63],{"class":62},[52,128482,42925],{"class":58},[52,128484,242],{"class":66},[52,128486,128446],{"class":108},[52,128488,105],{"class":66},[52,128490,757],{"class":756},[52,128492,47],{"class":760},[52,128494,757],{"class":756},[52,128496,112],{"class":66},[52,128498,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,128500,118],{"class":101},[52,128502,105],{"class":66},[52,128504,26868],{"class":108},[52,128506,126],{"class":66},[52,128508,128509],{"class":129},"    # -1\n",[43664,128511,128512],{},[20,128513,133,128514,128516,128517,128519],{},[15,128515,124416],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128518,65930],{}," if the substring is not found.",[38,128521,140,128523,143],{"id":128522},"what-find-does",[15,128524,124416],{},[20,128526,128527,128529],{},[15,128528,124416],{}," is a string method that:",[153,128531,128532,128535,128538,128543],{},[156,128533,128534],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[156,128536,128537],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[156,128539,11513,128540,128542],{},[15,128541,65930],{}," if no match is found",[156,128544,126607],{},[20,128546,2324],{},[43,128548,128550],{"className":45,"code":128549,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128551,128552,128564,128568,128592,128616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128553,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128555,34785],{"class":58},[52,128557,63],{"class":62},[52,128559,768],{"class":756},[52,128561,4180],{"class":760},[52,128563,3465],{"class":756},[52,128565,128566],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128567,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,128569,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580,128582,128584,128586,128588,128590],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128571,118],{"class":101},[52,128573,105],{"class":66},[52,128575,34806],{"class":108},[52,128577,242],{"class":66},[52,128579,128446],{"class":108},[52,128581,105],{"class":66},[52,128583,757],{"class":756},[52,128585,123514],{"class":760},[52,128587,757],{"class":756},[52,128589,5450],{"class":66},[52,128591,57725],{"class":129},[52,128593,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608,128610,128612,128614],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,128595,118],{"class":101},[52,128597,105],{"class":66},[52,128599,34806],{"class":108},[52,128601,242],{"class":66},[52,128603,128446],{"class":108},[52,128605,105],{"class":66},[52,128607,757],{"class":756},[52,128609,1190],{"class":760},[52,128611,757],{"class":756},[52,128613,5450],{"class":66},[52,128615,128509],{"class":129},[52,128617,128618,128620,128622,128624,128626],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,128619,118],{"class":101},[52,128621,105],{"class":66},[52,128623,34806],{"class":108},[52,128625,126],{"class":66},[52,128627,128628],{"class":129},"              # banana\n",[20,128630,20865,128631,128634,128635,242],{},[15,128632,128633],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128636,440],{},[38,128638,181],{"id":180},[20,128640,2277],{},[43,128642,128644],{"className":45,"code":128643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128645,128646],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128647,128648,128650,128652,128654,128656,128658,128660,128662,128664,128666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128649,61250],{"class":58},[52,128651,242],{"class":66},[52,128653,128446],{"class":108},[52,128655,105],{"class":66},[52,128657,2588],{"class":108},[52,128659,74],{"class":66},[52,128661,202],{"class":108},[52,128663,74],{"class":66},[52,128665,65116],{"class":108},[52,128667,112],{"class":66},[461,128669,17488],{"id":17487},[153,128671,128672,128676,128681],{},[156,128673,128674,123613],{},[15,128675,2588],{},[156,128677,128678,128680],{},[15,128679,35],{},": optional starting position",[156,128682,128683,128685],{},[15,128684,52742],{},": optional ending position",[20,128687,128688,652,128690,128692],{},[15,128689,35],{},[15,128691,52742],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128694,126750],{},[43,128696,128698],{"className":45,"code":128697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128699,128700,128712,128716,128741,128770],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128701,128702,128704,128706,128708,128710],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128703,34785],{"class":58},[52,128705,63],{"class":62},[52,128707,768],{"class":756},[52,128709,60486],{"class":760},[52,128711,3465],{"class":756},[52,128713,128714],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128715,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,128717,128718,128720,128722,128724,128726,128728,128730,128732,128734,128736,128738],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128719,118],{"class":101},[52,128721,105],{"class":66},[52,128723,34806],{"class":108},[52,128725,242],{"class":66},[52,128727,128446],{"class":108},[52,128729,105],{"class":66},[52,128731,757],{"class":756},[52,128733,1432],{"class":760},[52,128735,757],{"class":756},[52,128737,5450],{"class":66},[52,128739,128740],{"class":129},"        # 4\n",[52,128742,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763,128765,128767],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,128744,118],{"class":101},[52,128746,105],{"class":66},[52,128748,34806],{"class":108},[52,128750,242],{"class":66},[52,128752,128446],{"class":108},[52,128754,105],{"class":66},[52,128756,757],{"class":756},[52,128758,1432],{"class":760},[52,128760,757],{"class":756},[52,128762,74],{"class":66},[52,128764,4696],{"class":70},[52,128766,5450],{"class":66},[52,128768,128769],{"class":129},"     # 7\n",[52,128771,128772,128774,128776,128778,128780,128782,128784,128786,128788,128790,128792,128794,128796,128798,128800],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,128773,118],{"class":101},[52,128775,105],{"class":66},[52,128777,34806],{"class":108},[52,128779,242],{"class":66},[52,128781,128446],{"class":108},[52,128783,105],{"class":66},[52,128785,757],{"class":756},[52,128787,1432],{"class":760},[52,128789,757],{"class":756},[52,128791,74],{"class":66},[52,128793,4696],{"class":70},[52,128795,74],{"class":66},[52,128797,1600],{"class":70},[52,128799,5450],{"class":66},[52,128801,128802],{"class":129},"  # -1\n",[38,128804,38113],{"id":38112},[20,128806,57624,128807,128809],{},[15,128808,124416],{}," is always an integer.",[153,128811,128812,128818,128821],{},[156,128813,128814,128815,128817],{},"A number ",[15,128816,207],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[156,128819,128820],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[156,128822,128823,128825],{},[15,128824,65930],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128827,2324],{},[43,128829,128831],{"className":45,"code":128830,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128832,128833,128845,128849,128874,128899],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128834,128835,128837,128839,128841,128843],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128836,34785],{"class":58},[52,128838,63],{"class":62},[52,128840,768],{"class":756},[52,128842,47],{"class":760},[52,128844,3465],{"class":756},[52,128846,128847],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128848,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,128850,128851,128853,128855,128857,128859,128861,128863,128865,128868,128870,128872],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128852,118],{"class":101},[52,128854,105],{"class":66},[52,128856,34806],{"class":108},[52,128858,242],{"class":66},[52,128860,128446],{"class":108},[52,128862,105],{"class":66},[52,128864,757],{"class":756},[52,128866,128867],{"class":760},"py",[52,128869,757],{"class":756},[52,128871,5450],{"class":66},[52,128873,20862],{"class":129},[52,128875,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128893,128895,128897],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,128877,118],{"class":101},[52,128879,105],{"class":66},[52,128881,34806],{"class":108},[52,128883,242],{"class":66},[52,128885,128446],{"class":108},[52,128887,105],{"class":66},[52,128889,757],{"class":756},[52,128891,128892],{"class":760},"th",[52,128894,757],{"class":756},[52,128896,5450],{"class":66},[52,128898,57725],{"class":129},[52,128900,128901,128903,128905,128907,128909,128911,128913,128915,128917,128919,128921],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,128902,118],{"class":101},[52,128904,105],{"class":66},[52,128906,34806],{"class":108},[52,128908,242],{"class":66},[52,128910,128446],{"class":108},[52,128912,105],{"class":66},[52,128914,757],{"class":756},[52,128916,22172],{"class":760},[52,128918,757],{"class":756},[52,128920,5450],{"class":66},[52,128922,128509],{"class":129},[20,128924,89981,128925,8541,128927,1943,128929,242],{},[15,128926,124416],{},[15,128928,173],{},[15,128930,655],{},[20,128932,128933],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[38,128935,1372,128936,652,128938],{"id":65482},[15,128937,35],{},[15,128939,52742],{},[20,128941,133,128942,128944],{},[15,128943,35],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128946,133,128947,128949],{},[15,128948,52742],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128951,2100,128952,75536,128954,128956],{},[15,128953,52742],{},[3842,128955,65145],{}," in the search.",[43,128958,128960],{"className":45,"code":128959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128961,128962,128975,128979,129003,129032,129064],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,128963,128964,128966,128968,128970,128973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,128965,34785],{"class":58},[52,128967,63],{"class":62},[52,128969,768],{"class":756},[52,128971,128972],{"class":760},"one two three two",[52,128974,3465],{"class":756},[52,128976,128977],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,128978,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,128980,128981,128983,128985,128987,128989,128991,128993,128995,128997,128999,129001],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,128982,118],{"class":101},[52,128984,105],{"class":66},[52,128986,34806],{"class":108},[52,128988,242],{"class":66},[52,128990,128446],{"class":108},[52,128992,105],{"class":66},[52,128994,757],{"class":756},[52,128996,79344],{"class":760},[52,128998,757],{"class":756},[52,129000,5450],{"class":66},[52,129002,128740],{"class":129},[52,129004,129005,129007,129009,129011,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027,129029],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,129006,118],{"class":101},[52,129008,105],{"class":66},[52,129010,34806],{"class":108},[52,129012,242],{"class":66},[52,129014,128446],{"class":108},[52,129016,105],{"class":66},[52,129018,757],{"class":756},[52,129020,79344],{"class":760},[52,129022,757],{"class":756},[52,129024,74],{"class":66},[52,129026,4696],{"class":70},[52,129028,5450],{"class":66},[52,129030,129031],{"class":129},"     # 14\n",[52,129033,129034,129036,129038,129040,129042,129044,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054,129056,129058,129060,129062],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,129035,118],{"class":101},[52,129037,105],{"class":66},[52,129039,34806],{"class":108},[52,129041,242],{"class":66},[52,129043,128446],{"class":108},[52,129045,105],{"class":66},[52,129047,757],{"class":756},[52,129049,79344],{"class":760},[52,129051,757],{"class":756},[52,129053,74],{"class":66},[52,129055,3933],{"class":70},[52,129057,74],{"class":66},[52,129059,1600],{"class":70},[52,129061,5450],{"class":66},[52,129063,51019],{"class":129},[52,129065,129066,129068,129070,129072,129074,129076,129078,129080,129082,129084,129086,129088,129090,129092,129094],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,129067,118],{"class":101},[52,129069,105],{"class":66},[52,129071,34806],{"class":108},[52,129073,242],{"class":66},[52,129075,128446],{"class":108},[52,129077,105],{"class":66},[52,129079,757],{"class":756},[52,129081,79344],{"class":760},[52,129083,757],{"class":756},[52,129085,74],{"class":66},[52,129087,3933],{"class":70},[52,129089,74],{"class":66},[52,129091,87],{"class":70},[52,129093,5450],{"class":66},[52,129095,128802],{"class":129},[20,129097,129098],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,129100,129101,129102,55149,129106,242],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[236,129103,129105],{"href":129104},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[236,129107,129109,129111],{"href":129108},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,129110,60609],{}," string method",[38,129113,124068],{"id":124067},[20,129115,129116,123879],{},[15,129117,124416],{},[20,129119,127466,129120,652,129122,129124],{},[15,129121,90486],{},[15,129123,64610],{}," are treated as different text.",[43,129126,129128],{"className":45,"code":129127,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,129129,129130,129143,129147,129171],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129131,129132,129134,129136,129138,129141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129133,34785],{"class":58},[52,129135,63],{"class":62},[52,129137,768],{"class":756},[52,129139,129140],{"class":760},"Hello World",[52,129142,3465],{"class":756},[52,129144,129145],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,129146,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,129148,129149,129151,129153,129155,129157,129159,129161,129163,129165,129167,129169],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129150,118],{"class":101},[52,129152,105],{"class":66},[52,129154,34806],{"class":108},[52,129156,242],{"class":66},[52,129158,128446],{"class":108},[52,129160,105],{"class":66},[52,129162,757],{"class":756},[52,129164,34965],{"class":760},[52,129166,757],{"class":756},[52,129168,5450],{"class":66},[52,129170,51331],{"class":129},[52,129172,129173,129175,129177,129179,129181,129183,129185,129187,129189,129191,129193],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,129174,118],{"class":101},[52,129176,105],{"class":66},[52,129178,34806],{"class":108},[52,129180,242],{"class":66},[52,129182,128446],{"class":108},[52,129184,105],{"class":66},[52,129186,757],{"class":756},[52,129188,761],{"class":760},[52,129190,757],{"class":756},[52,129192,5450],{"class":66},[52,129194,128802],{"class":129},[20,129196,129197],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[43,129199,129201],{"className":45,"code":129200,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,129202,129203,129215,129219],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129204,129205,129207,129209,129211,129213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129206,34785],{"class":58},[52,129208,63],{"class":62},[52,129210,768],{"class":756},[52,129212,129140],{"class":760},[52,129214,3465],{"class":756},[52,129216,129217],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,129218,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,129220,129221,129223,129225,129227,129229,129231,129233,129235,129237,129239,129241,129243,129245],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129222,118],{"class":101},[52,129224,105],{"class":66},[52,129226,34806],{"class":108},[52,129228,242],{"class":66},[52,129230,8726],{"class":108},[52,129232,8723],{"class":66},[52,129234,128446],{"class":108},[52,129236,105],{"class":66},[52,129238,757],{"class":756},[52,129240,761],{"class":760},[52,129242,757],{"class":756},[52,129244,5450],{"class":66},[52,129246,51331],{"class":129},[38,129248,129250,10672,129252],{"id":129249},"find-vs-index",[15,129251,124416],{},[15,129253,59048],{},[20,129255,129256,652,129258,129260],{},[15,129257,124416],{},[15,129259,59048],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[153,129262,129263,129269],{},[156,129264,129265,2514,129267],{},[15,129266,124416],{},[15,129268,65930],{},[156,129270,129271,52576,129273],{},[15,129272,59048],{},[15,129274,40794],{},[20,129276,133,129277,129279],{},[15,129278,124416],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,129281,133,129282,129284],{},[15,129283,59048],{}," when the value must exist.",[43,129286,129288],{"className":45,"code":129287,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,129289,129290,129302,129306],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129291,129292,129294,129296,129298,129300],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129293,34785],{"class":58},[52,129295,63],{"class":62},[52,129297,768],{"class":756},[52,129299,761],{"class":760},[52,129301,3465],{"class":756},[52,129303,129304],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,129305,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,129307,129308,129310,129312,129314,129316,129318,129320,129322,129324,129326,129328],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129309,118],{"class":101},[52,129311,105],{"class":66},[52,129313,34806],{"class":108},[52,129315,242],{"class":66},[52,129317,128446],{"class":108},[52,129319,105],{"class":66},[52,129321,757],{"class":756},[52,129323,1190],{"class":760},[52,129325,757],{"class":756},[52,129327,5450],{"class":66},[52,129329,129330],{"class":129},"   # -1\n",[43,129332,129334],{"className":45,"code":129333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,129335,129336,129348,129352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129337,129338,129340,129342,129344,129346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129339,34785],{"class":58},[52,129341,63],{"class":62},[52,129343,768],{"class":756},[52,129345,761],{"class":760},[52,129347,3465],{"class":756},[52,129349,129350],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,129351,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,129353,129354,129356,129358,129360,129362,129364,129366,129368,129370,129372,129374],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129355,118],{"class":101},[52,129357,105],{"class":66},[52,129359,34806],{"class":108},[52,129361,242],{"class":66},[52,129363,35945],{"class":108},[52,129365,105],{"class":66},[52,129367,757],{"class":756},[52,129369,1190],{"class":760},[52,129371,757],{"class":756},[52,129373,5450],{"class":66},[52,129375,129376],{"class":129},"  # ValueError\n",[20,129378,129379,129380,129384,129385,129387,129388,242],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[236,129381,129382,129111],{"href":124441},[15,129383,59048],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,129386,59048],{},", read ",[236,129389,25774,129390],{"href":73556},[15,129391,129392],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[38,129394,41136],{"id":41135},[20,129396,35504,129397,129399],{},[15,129398,124416],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[153,129401,129402,129405,129408,129411],{},[156,129403,129404],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[156,129406,129407],{},"Get the position of a word",[156,129409,129410],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[156,129412,129413],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,129415,129416],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[43,129418,129420],{"className":45,"code":129419,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,129421,129422,129435,129458,129462,129477,129493,129512,129526],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129423,129424,129426,129428,129430,129433],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129425,34785],{"class":58},[52,129427,63],{"class":62},[52,129429,768],{"class":756},[52,129431,129432],{"class":760},"name:Alice",[52,129434,3465],{"class":756},[52,129436,129437,129440,129442,129444,129446,129448,129450,129452,129454,129456],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,129438,129439],{"class":58},"colon_pos ",[52,129441,63],{"class":62},[52,129443,42925],{"class":58},[52,129445,242],{"class":66},[52,129447,128446],{"class":108},[52,129449,105],{"class":66},[52,129451,757],{"class":756},[52,129453,1772],{"class":760},[52,129455,757],{"class":756},[52,129457,112],{"class":66},[52,129459,129460],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129461,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,129463,129464,129466,129469,129471,129473,129475],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,129465,7079],{"class":1195},[52,129467,129468],{"class":58}," colon_pos ",[52,129470,72666],{"class":62},[52,129472,2339],{"class":62},[52,129474,71],{"class":70},[52,129476,1689],{"class":66},[52,129478,129479,129482,129484,129486,129488,129491],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,129480,129481],{"class":58},"    label ",[52,129483,63],{"class":62},[52,129485,42925],{"class":58},[52,129487,75609],{"class":66},[52,129489,129490],{"class":58},"colon_pos",[52,129492,90],{"class":66},[52,129494,129495,129497,129499,129501,129503,129505,129507,129509],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,129496,27495],{"class":58},[52,129498,63],{"class":62},[52,129500,42925],{"class":58},[52,129502,3994],{"class":66},[52,129504,129439],{"class":58},[52,129506,2179],{"class":62},[52,129508,5586],{"class":70},[52,129510,129511],{"class":66},":]\n",[52,129513,129514,129516,129518,129521,129523],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,129515,8154],{"class":101},[52,129517,105],{"class":66},[52,129519,129520],{"class":108},"label",[52,129522,126],{"class":66},[52,129524,129525],{"class":129},"  # name\n",[52,129527,129528,129530,129532,129534,129536],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,129529,8154],{"class":101},[52,129531,105],{"class":66},[52,129533,2588],{"class":108},[52,129535,126],{"class":66},[52,129537,129538],{"class":129},"  # Alice\n",[20,129540,129541,129542,242],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[236,129543,127457],{"href":123676},[38,129545,1766],{"id":1765},[20,129547,129548,129549,1772],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129550,124416],{},[153,129552,129553,129562,129568,129573,129579],{},[156,129554,8538,129555,8541,129557,1943,129559,129561],{},[15,129556,124416],{},[15,129558,173],{},[15,129560,655],{}," instead of an index",[156,129563,129564,129565,129567],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129566,65930],{}," when the substring is missing",[156,129569,1372,129570,129572],{},[15,129571,124416],{}," without handling case differences",[156,129574,37298,129575,8791,129577],{},[15,129576,124416],{},[15,129578,59048],{},[156,129580,4670,129581,129583],{},[15,129582,124416],{}," changes the string",[20,129585,129586],{},"Example of a mistake:",[43,129588,129590],{"className":45,"code":129589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129591,129592,129604,129608,129628,129643,129649],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129593,129594,129596,129598,129600,129602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129595,34785],{"class":58},[52,129597,63],{"class":62},[52,129599,768],{"class":756},[52,129601,761],{"class":760},[52,129603,3465],{"class":756},[52,129605,129606],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,129607,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,129609,129610,129612,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622,129624,129626],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129611,7079],{"class":1195},[52,129613,42925],{"class":58},[52,129615,242],{"class":66},[52,129617,128446],{"class":108},[52,129619,105],{"class":66},[52,129621,757],{"class":756},[52,129623,1423],{"class":760},[52,129625,757],{"class":756},[52,129627,8428],{"class":66},[52,129629,129630,129632,129634,129636,129639,129641],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,129631,8154],{"class":101},[52,129633,105],{"class":66},[52,129635,757],{"class":756},[52,129637,129638],{"class":760},"Found",[52,129640,757],{"class":756},[52,129642,112],{"class":66},[52,129644,129645,129647],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,129646,27528],{"class":1195},[52,129648,1689],{"class":66},[52,129650,129651,129653,129655,129657,129659,129661],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,129652,8154],{"class":101},[52,129654,105],{"class":66},[52,129656,757],{"class":756},[52,129658,26410],{"class":760},[52,129660,757],{"class":756},[52,129662,112],{"class":66},[20,129664,99984],{},[43,129666,129668],{"className":45,"code":129667,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Not found\n",[15,129669,129670],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129671,129672],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129673,129667],{"class":58},[20,129675,45788,129676,129679,129680,17165,129682,129684,129685,129687],{},[15,129677,129678],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129681,207],{},[15,129683,207],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129686,7079],{}," statement.",[20,129689,129690],{},"A safer version is:",[43,129692,129694],{"className":45,"code":129693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129695,129696,129708,129712,129741,129755,129761],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129697,129698,129700,129702,129704,129706],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129699,34785],{"class":58},[52,129701,63],{"class":62},[52,129703,768],{"class":756},[52,129705,761],{"class":760},[52,129707,3465],{"class":756},[52,129709,129710],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,129711,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,129713,129714,129716,129718,129720,129722,129724,129726,129728,129730,129732,129735,129737,129739],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129715,7079],{"class":1195},[52,129717,42925],{"class":58},[52,129719,242],{"class":66},[52,129721,128446],{"class":108},[52,129723,105],{"class":66},[52,129725,757],{"class":756},[52,129727,1423],{"class":760},[52,129729,757],{"class":756},[52,129731,126],{"class":66},[52,129733,129734],{"class":62}," !=",[52,129736,2339],{"class":62},[52,129738,71],{"class":70},[52,129740,1689],{"class":66},[52,129742,129743,129745,129747,129749,129751,129753],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,129744,8154],{"class":101},[52,129746,105],{"class":66},[52,129748,757],{"class":756},[52,129750,129638],{"class":760},[52,129752,757],{"class":756},[52,129754,112],{"class":66},[52,129756,129757,129759],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,129758,27528],{"class":1195},[52,129760,1689],{"class":66},[52,129762,129763,129765,129767,129769,129771,129773],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,129764,8154],{"class":101},[52,129766,105],{"class":66},[52,129768,757],{"class":756},[52,129770,26410],{"class":760},[52,129772,757],{"class":756},[52,129774,112],{"class":66},[20,129776,129777],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[43,129779,129781],{"className":45,"code":129780,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129782,129783,129805,129819,129845,129859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,129784,129785,129787,129789,129791,129793,129795,129797,129799,129801,129803],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,129786,118],{"class":101},[52,129788,105],{"class":66},[52,129790,34806],{"class":108},[52,129792,242],{"class":66},[52,129794,128446],{"class":108},[52,129796,105],{"class":66},[52,129798,3406],{"class":756},[52,129800,38484],{"class":760},[52,129802,3406],{"class":756},[52,129804,510],{"class":66},[52,129806,129807,129809,129811,129813,129815,129817],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,129808,118],{"class":101},[52,129810,105],{"class":66},[52,129812,41865],{"class":101},[52,129814,105],{"class":66},[52,129816,34806],{"class":108},[52,129818,510],{"class":66},[52,129820,129821,129823,129825,129827,129829,129831,129833,129835,129837,129839,129841,129843],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,129822,118],{"class":101},[52,129824,105],{"class":66},[52,129826,34806],{"class":108},[52,129828,242],{"class":66},[52,129830,8726],{"class":108},[52,129832,8723],{"class":66},[52,129834,128446],{"class":108},[52,129836,105],{"class":66},[52,129838,3406],{"class":756},[52,129840,38484],{"class":760},[52,129842,3406],{"class":756},[52,129844,510],{"class":66},[52,129846,129847,129849,129851,129853,129855,129857],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,129848,118],{"class":101},[52,129850,105],{"class":66},[52,129852,11250],{"class":101},[52,129854,105],{"class":66},[52,129856,34806],{"class":108},[52,129858,510],{"class":66},[52,129860,129861,129863,129865,129867,129869,129871,129873,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883,129885,129887],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,129862,118],{"class":101},[52,129864,105],{"class":66},[52,129866,34806],{"class":108},[52,129868,242],{"class":66},[52,129870,128446],{"class":108},[52,129872,105],{"class":66},[52,129874,3406],{"class":756},[52,129876,38484],{"class":760},[52,129878,3406],{"class":756},[52,129880,74],{"class":66},[52,129882,202],{"class":108},[52,129884,74],{"class":66},[52,129886,65116],{"class":108},[52,129888,510],{"class":66},[20,129890,129891],{},"These help you check:",[153,129893,129894,129899,129904,129909,129912],{},[156,129895,129896,129897],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129898,124416],{},[156,129900,129901,129902],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129903,122635],{},[156,129905,129906,129907],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129908,124151],{},[156,129910,129911],{},"The string length",[156,129913,129914,129915,652,129917,129919],{},"Whether your ",[15,129916,35],{},[15,129918,52742],{}," values are correct",[38,129921,1919],{"id":1918},[461,129923,129925,129926,129928],{"id":129924},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129927,124416],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129930,5240,129931,242],{},[15,129932,65930],{},[461,129934,12792,129936,129938],{"id":129935},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129937,124416],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129940,129941],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[461,129943,129945,129946,124757],{"id":129944},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129947,124416],{},[20,129949,129950],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[461,129952,5270,129954,652,129956,69730],{"id":129953},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129955,124416],{},[15,129957,59048],{},[20,129959,129960,2514,129962,129964,129965,52576,129967,242],{},[15,129961,124416],{},[15,129963,65930],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129966,59048],{},[15,129968,40794],{},[461,129970,28423,129972,129974],{"id":129971},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129973,124416],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129976,129977,129978,652,129980,66228],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129979,35],{},[15,129981,52742],{},[38,129983,1986],{"id":1985},[153,129985,129986,129992,129998,130005,130011,130018,130022,130027],{},[156,129987,129988],{},[236,129989,126421,129990,10828],{"href":124441},[15,129991,59048],{},[156,129993,129994],{},[236,129995,126421,129996,10828],{"href":129108},[15,129997,60609],{},[156,129999,130000],{},[236,130001,126421,130003,10828],{"href":130002},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,130004,124592],{},[156,130006,130007],{},[236,130008,126421,130009,10828],{"href":127786},[15,130010,127789],{},[156,130012,130013],{},[236,130014,126421,130016,10828],{"href":130015},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,130017,126479],{},[156,130019,130020],{},[236,130021,124820],{"href":123676},[156,130023,130024],{},[236,130025,130026],{"href":129104},"How to split a string in Python",[156,130028,130029],{},[236,130030,26217,130031],{"href":73556},[15,130032,129392],{},[2029,130034,130035],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":130037},[130038,130040,130043,130044,130045,130046,130048,130049,130050,130062],{"id":128522,"depth":93,"text":130039},"What find() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":130041},[130042],{"id":17487,"depth":115,"text":17488},{"id":38112,"depth":93,"text":38113},{"id":65482,"depth":93,"text":66264},{"id":124067,"depth":93,"text":124068},{"id":129249,"depth":93,"text":130047},"find() vs index()",{"id":41135,"depth":93,"text":41136},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":130051},[130052,130054,130056,130058,130060],{"id":129924,"depth":115,"text":130053},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129935,"depth":115,"text":130055},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129944,"depth":115,"text":130057},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129953,"depth":115,"text":130059},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129971,"depth":115,"text":130061},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":128394,"description":130063},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":130070,"title":130071,"body":130072,"description":131998,"extension":2083,"meta":131999,"navigation":296,"path":132000,"seo":132001,"stem":132002,"__hash__":132003},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":130073,"toc":131966},[130074,130079,130084,130087,130089,130165,130169,130197,130205,130209,130214,130218,130235,130237,130304,130308,130330,130338,130340,130343,130367,130370,130384,130386,130471,130475,130487,130490,130494,130500,130550,130554,130571,130580,130583,130591,130594,130643,130647,130672,130675,130730,130734,130746,130752,130756,130762,130767,130834,130838,130864,130867,130878,130880,130947,130951,130976,130983,130987,130992,130999,131007,131009,131061,131065,131083,131085,131130,131134,131149,131152,131162,131169,131171,131175,131178,131189,131191,131251,131255,131283,131286,131292,131297,131300,131304,131348,131351,131389,131392,131400,131402,131407,131411,131414,131462,131465,131468,131524,131528,131533,131536,131585,131587,131636,131642,131647,131649,131696,131700,131713,131715,131766,131772,131775,131779,131782,131788,131793,131795,131798,131870,131873,131890,131892,131897,131900,131904,131910,131916,131923,131929,131935,131937,131963],[10,130075,123421,130077,11411],{"id":130076},"python-string-format-method",[15,130078,126424],{},[20,130080,123426,130081,130083],{},[15,130082,126424],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,130085,130086],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[38,130088,41],{"id":40},[43,130090,130092],{"className":45,"code":130091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,130093,130094,130106,130114,130118,130155],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130095,130096,130098,130100,130102,130104],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130097,7961],{"class":58},[52,130099,63],{"class":62},[52,130101,768],{"class":756},[52,130103,11597],{"class":760},[52,130105,3465],{"class":756},[52,130107,130108,130110,130112],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,130109,21723],{"class":58},[52,130111,63],{"class":62},[52,130113,88870],{"class":70},[52,130115,130116],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,130117,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,130119,130120,130122,130124,130126,130129,130131,130134,130136,130138,130140,130142,130145,130147,130149,130151,130153],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,130121,90078],{"class":58},[52,130123,63],{"class":62},[52,130125,768],{"class":756},[52,130127,130128],{"class":760},"My name is ",[52,130130,3892],{"class":70},[52,130132,130133],{"class":760}," and I am ",[52,130135,3892],{"class":70},[52,130137,122417],{"class":760},[52,130139,757],{"class":756},[52,130141,242],{"class":66},[52,130143,130144],{"class":108},"format",[52,130146,105],{"class":66},[52,130148,7751],{"class":108},[52,130150,74],{"class":66},[52,130152,9273],{"class":108},[52,130154,112],{"class":66},[52,130156,130157,130159,130161,130163],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,130158,118],{"class":101},[52,130160,105],{"class":66},[52,130162,90095],{"class":108},[52,130164,112],{"class":66},[20,130166,130167],{},[3842,130168,311],{},[43,130170,130172],{"className":45,"code":130171,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,130173,130174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130175,130176,130179,130181,130184,130187,130190,130193,130195],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130177,130178],{"class":58},"My name ",[52,130180,12281],{"class":62},[52,130182,130183],{"class":58}," Maya ",[52,130185,130186],{"class":62},"and",[52,130188,130189],{"class":58}," I am ",[52,130191,130192],{"class":70},"12",[52,130194,122450],{"class":58},[52,130196,122453],{"class":66},[20,130198,133,130199,130201,130202,130204],{},[15,130200,3892],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,130203,126424],{}," in the same order.",[20,130206,125173,130207,242],{},[236,130208,125176],{"href":51059},[38,130210,13085,130212,13088],{"id":130211},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,130213,126424],{},[20,130215,2100,130216,11502],{},[15,130217,126424],{},[153,130219,130220,130223,130229,130232],{},[156,130221,130222],{},"inserts values into a string",[156,130224,130225,130226,130228],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,130227,3892],{}," with given values",[156,130230,130231],{},"returns a new string",[156,130233,130234],{},"does not change the original string",[20,130236,2324],{},[43,130238,130240],{"className":45,"code":130239,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130241,130242,130256,130279,130283,130294],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130243,130244,130246,130248,130250,130252,130254],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130245,34785],{"class":58},[52,130247,63],{"class":62},[52,130249,768],{"class":756},[52,130251,44986],{"class":760},[52,130253,3892],{"class":70},[52,130255,3465],{"class":756},[52,130257,130258,130261,130263,130265,130267,130269,130271,130273,130275,130277],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,130259,130260],{"class":58},"new_text ",[52,130262,63],{"class":62},[52,130264,42925],{"class":58},[52,130266,242],{"class":66},[52,130268,130144],{"class":108},[52,130270,105],{"class":66},[52,130272,757],{"class":756},[52,130274,7760],{"class":760},[52,130276,757],{"class":756},[52,130278,112],{"class":66},[52,130280,130281],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,130282,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,130284,130285,130287,130289,130292],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,130286,118],{"class":101},[52,130288,105],{"class":66},[52,130290,130291],{"class":108},"new_text",[52,130293,112],{"class":66},[52,130295,130296,130298,130300,130302],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,130297,118],{"class":101},[52,130299,105],{"class":66},[52,130301,34806],{"class":108},[52,130303,112],{"class":66},[20,130305,130306],{},[3842,130307,311],{},[43,130309,130311],{"className":45,"code":130310,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,130312,130313,130322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130314,130315,130317,130319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130316,34965],{"class":58},[52,130318,74],{"class":66},[52,130320,130321],{"class":58}," Sam\n",[52,130323,130324,130326,130328],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,130325,34965],{"class":58},[52,130327,74],{"class":66},[52,130329,9924],{"class":66},[20,130331,2404,130332,130334,130335,130337],{},[15,130333,34806],{}," stays the same. ",[15,130336,126424],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[38,130339,181],{"id":180},[20,130341,130342],{},"The general form is:",[43,130344,130346],{"className":45,"code":130345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,130347,130348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130349,130350,130352,130355,130357,130359,130361,130363,130365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130351,757],{"class":43412},[52,130353,130354],{"class":43416},"text {}",[52,130356,757],{"class":43412},[52,130358,242],{"class":66},[52,130360,130144],{"class":108},[52,130362,105],{"class":66},[52,130364,2588],{"class":108},[52,130366,112],{"class":66},[20,130368,130369],{},"Key idea:",[153,130371,130372,130378,130381],{},[156,130373,130374,130375,130377],{},"each ",[15,130376,3892],{}," is a placeholder",[156,130379,130380],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[156,130382,130383],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,130385,2324],{},[43,130387,130389],{"className":45,"code":130388,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,130390,130391,130404,130418,130422,130460],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130392,130393,130396,130398,130400,130402],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130394,130395],{"class":58},"animal ",[52,130397,63],{"class":62},[52,130399,768],{"class":756},[52,130401,37141],{"class":760},[52,130403,3465],{"class":756},[52,130405,130406,130409,130411,130413,130416],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,130407,130408],{"class":58},"sound ",[52,130410,63],{"class":62},[52,130412,768],{"class":756},[52,130414,130415],{"class":760},"meow",[52,130417,3465],{"class":756},[52,130419,130420],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,130421,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,130423,130424,130427,130429,130431,130433,130435,130438,130440,130442,130444,130446,130448,130450,130453,130455,130458],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,130425,130426],{"class":58},"sentence ",[52,130428,63],{"class":62},[52,130430,768],{"class":756},[52,130432,2100],{"class":760},[52,130434,3892],{"class":70},[52,130436,130437],{"class":760}," says ",[52,130439,3892],{"class":70},[52,130441,242],{"class":760},[52,130443,757],{"class":756},[52,130445,242],{"class":66},[52,130447,130144],{"class":108},[52,130449,105],{"class":66},[52,130451,130452],{"class":108},"animal",[52,130454,74],{"class":66},[52,130456,130457],{"class":108}," sound",[52,130459,112],{"class":66},[52,130461,130462,130464,130466,130469],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,130463,118],{"class":101},[52,130465,105],{"class":66},[52,130467,130468],{"class":108},"sentence",[52,130470,112],{"class":66},[20,130472,130473],{},[3842,130474,311],{},[43,130476,130478],{"className":45,"code":130477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,130479,130480],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130481,130482,130485],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130483,130484],{"class":58},"The cat says meow",[52,130486,122453],{"class":66},[20,130488,130489],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[38,130491,130493],{"id":130492},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130495,130496,130497,130499],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130498,3892],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[43,130501,130503],{"className":45,"code":130502,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130504,130505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130506,130507,130509,130511,130513,130516,130518,130520,130522,130524,130526,130528,130530,130532,130534,130537,130539,130541,130543,130546,130548],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130508,118],{"class":101},[52,130510,105],{"class":66},[52,130512,757],{"class":756},[52,130514,130515],{"class":760},"I like ",[52,130517,3892],{"class":70},[52,130519,652],{"class":760},[52,130521,3892],{"class":70},[52,130523,242],{"class":760},[52,130525,757],{"class":756},[52,130527,242],{"class":66},[52,130529,130144],{"class":108},[52,130531,105],{"class":66},[52,130533,757],{"class":756},[52,130535,130536],{"class":760},"pizza",[52,130538,757],{"class":756},[52,130540,74],{"class":66},[52,130542,768],{"class":756},[52,130544,130545],{"class":760},"pasta",[52,130547,757],{"class":756},[52,130549,510],{"class":66},[20,130551,130552],{},[3842,130553,311],{},[43,130555,130557],{"className":45,"code":130556,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130558,130559],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130560,130561,130564,130566,130569],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130562,130563],{"class":58},"I like pizza ",[52,130565,130186],{"class":62},[52,130567,130568],{"class":58}," pasta",[52,130570,122453],{"class":66},[20,130572,130573,130574,652,130577,242],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130575,130576],{},"{0}",[15,130578,130579],{},"{1}",[20,130581,130582],{},"This is helpful when:",[153,130584,130585,130588],{},[156,130586,130587],{},"you want to reuse a value",[156,130589,130590],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130592,130593],{},"Example with reused values:",[43,130595,130597],{"className":45,"code":130596,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130598,130599,130633],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130600,130601,130603,130605,130607,130609,130612,130614,130617,130619,130621,130623,130625,130627,130629,130631],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130602,34785],{"class":58},[52,130604,63],{"class":62},[52,130606,768],{"class":756},[52,130608,130576],{"class":70},[52,130610,130611],{"class":760}," is learning Python. ",[52,130613,130576],{"class":70},[52,130615,130616],{"class":760}," likes coding.",[52,130618,757],{"class":756},[52,130620,242],{"class":66},[52,130622,130144],{"class":108},[52,130624,105],{"class":66},[52,130626,757],{"class":756},[52,130628,19976],{"class":760},[52,130630,757],{"class":756},[52,130632,112],{"class":66},[52,130634,130635,130637,130639,130641],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,130636,118],{"class":101},[52,130638,105],{"class":66},[52,130640,34806],{"class":108},[52,130642,112],{"class":66},[20,130644,130645],{},[3842,130646,311],{},[43,130648,130650],{"className":45,"code":130649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130651,130652],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130653,130654,130657,130659,130662,130664,130667,130670],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130655,130656],{"class":58},"Lina ",[52,130658,12281],{"class":62},[52,130660,130661],{"class":58}," learning Python",[52,130663,242],{"class":66},[52,130665,130666],{"class":24845}," Lina",[52,130668,130669],{"class":58}," likes coding",[52,130671,122453],{"class":66},[20,130673,130674],{},"Example with changed order:",[43,130676,130678],{"className":45,"code":130677,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130679,130680,130720],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130681,130682,130684,130686,130688,130690,130692,130694,130696,130698,130700,130702,130704,130706,130708,130710,130712,130714,130716,130718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130683,34785],{"class":58},[52,130685,63],{"class":62},[52,130687,768],{"class":756},[52,130689,130579],{"class":70},[52,130691,83397],{"class":760},[52,130693,130576],{"class":70},[52,130695,242],{"class":760},[52,130697,757],{"class":756},[52,130699,242],{"class":66},[52,130701,130144],{"class":108},[52,130703,105],{"class":66},[52,130705,757],{"class":756},[52,130707,6666],{"class":760},[52,130709,757],{"class":756},[52,130711,74],{"class":66},[52,130713,768],{"class":756},[52,130715,79344],{"class":760},[52,130717,757],{"class":756},[52,130719,112],{"class":66},[52,130721,130722,130724,130726,130728],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,130723,118],{"class":101},[52,130725,105],{"class":66},[52,130727,34806],{"class":108},[52,130729,112],{"class":66},[20,130731,130732],{},[3842,130733,311],{},[43,130735,130737],{"className":45,"code":130736,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130738,130739],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130740,130741,130744],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130742,130743],{"class":58},"two comes after one",[52,130745,122453],{"class":66},[20,130747,130748,130749,130751],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130750,3892],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[38,130753,130755],{"id":130754},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130757,130758,130759,242],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130760,130761],{},"{name}",[20,130763,130764,130765,1772],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130766,126424],{},[43,130768,130770],{"className":45,"code":130769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130771,130772,130824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130773,130774,130776,130778,130780,130782,130784,130787,130790,130792,130794,130796,130798,130800,130802,130804,130806,130808,130810,130812,130814,130816,130818,130820,130822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130775,34785],{"class":58},[52,130777,63],{"class":62},[52,130779,768],{"class":756},[52,130781,130128],{"class":760},[52,130783,130761],{"class":70},[52,130785,130786],{"class":760}," and I live in ",[52,130788,130789],{"class":70},"{city}",[52,130791,242],{"class":760},[52,130793,757],{"class":756},[52,130795,242],{"class":66},[52,130797,130144],{"class":108},[52,130799,105],{"class":66},[52,130801,7751],{"class":201},[52,130803,63],{"class":62},[52,130805,757],{"class":756},[52,130807,12969],{"class":760},[52,130809,757],{"class":756},[52,130811,74],{"class":66},[52,130813,31480],{"class":201},[52,130815,63],{"class":62},[52,130817,757],{"class":756},[52,130819,16123],{"class":760},[52,130821,757],{"class":756},[52,130823,112],{"class":66},[52,130825,130826,130828,130830,130832],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,130827,118],{"class":101},[52,130829,105],{"class":66},[52,130831,34806],{"class":108},[52,130833,112],{"class":66},[20,130835,130836],{},[3842,130837,311],{},[43,130839,130841],{"className":45,"code":130840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130842,130843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130844,130845,130847,130849,130852,130854,130857,130859,130862],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130846,130178],{"class":58},[52,130848,12281],{"class":62},[52,130850,130851],{"class":58}," Ana ",[52,130853,130186],{"class":62},[52,130855,130856],{"class":58}," I live ",[52,130858,1202],{"class":62},[52,130860,130861],{"class":58}," Lima",[52,130863,122453],{"class":66},[20,130865,130866],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[153,130868,130869,130872,130875],{},[156,130870,130871],{},"they make code easier to read",[156,130873,130874],{},"they help when a string has many values",[156,130876,130877],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130879,2324],{},[43,130881,130883],{"className":45,"code":130882,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130884,130885,130937],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130886,130887,130890,130892,130894,130897,130900,130903,130906,130908,130910,130912,130914,130916,130918,130920,130923,130925,130927,130930,130932,130935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130888,130889],{"class":58},"report ",[52,130891,63],{"class":62},[52,130893,768],{"class":756},[52,130895,130896],{"class":760},"Student: ",[52,130898,130899],{"class":70},"{student}",[52,130901,130902],{"class":760},", Score: ",[52,130904,130905],{"class":70},"{score}",[52,130907,757],{"class":756},[52,130909,242],{"class":66},[52,130911,130144],{"class":108},[52,130913,105],{"class":66},[52,130915,13716],{"class":201},[52,130917,63],{"class":62},[52,130919,757],{"class":756},[52,130921,130922],{"class":760},"Noah",[52,130924,757],{"class":756},[52,130926,74],{"class":66},[52,130928,130929],{"class":201}," score",[52,130931,63],{"class":62},[52,130933,130934],{"class":70},"95",[52,130936,112],{"class":66},[52,130938,130939,130941,130943,130945],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,130940,118],{"class":101},[52,130942,105],{"class":66},[52,130944,128134],{"class":108},[52,130946,112],{"class":66},[20,130948,130949],{},[3842,130950,311],{},[43,130952,130954],{"className":45,"code":130953,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130955,130956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,130957,130958,130961,130963,130966,130968,130971,130973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,130959,130960],{"class":58},"Student",[52,130962,1772],{"class":66},[52,130964,130965],{"class":58}," Noah",[52,130967,74],{"class":66},[52,130969,130970],{"class":58}," Score",[52,130972,1772],{"class":66},[52,130974,130975],{"class":70}," 95\n",[20,130977,130978,130979,242],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[236,130980,13,130981,1999],{"href":859},[15,130982,862],{},[38,130984,130986],{"id":130985},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130988,130989,130991],{},[15,130990,126424],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130993,130994,130995,130998],{},"A common example is ",[15,130996,130997],{},":.2f",", which means:",[153,131000,131001,131004],{},[156,131002,131003],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[156,131005,131006],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,131008,2324],{},[43,131010,131012],{"className":45,"code":131011,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,131013,131014,131022,131051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131015,131016,131018,131020],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131017,40479],{"class":58},[52,131019,63],{"class":62},[52,131021,49359],{"class":70},[52,131023,131024,131026,131028,131030,131033,131035,131037,131039,131041,131043,131045,131047,131049],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131025,34785],{"class":58},[52,131027,63],{"class":62},[52,131029,768],{"class":756},[52,131031,131032],{"class":760},"Price: $",[52,131034,9363],{"class":70},[52,131036,130997],{"class":2184},[52,131038,22398],{"class":70},[52,131040,757],{"class":756},[52,131042,242],{"class":66},[52,131044,130144],{"class":108},[52,131046,105],{"class":66},[52,131048,25244],{"class":108},[52,131050,112],{"class":66},[52,131052,131053,131055,131057,131059],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131054,118],{"class":101},[52,131056,105],{"class":66},[52,131058,34806],{"class":108},[52,131060,112],{"class":66},[20,131062,131063],{},[3842,131064,311],{},[43,131066,131068],{"className":45,"code":131067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,131069,131070],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131071,131072,131075,131077,131080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131073,131074],{"class":58},"Price",[52,131076,1772],{"class":66},[52,131078,131079],{"class":37461}," $",[52,131081,131082],{"class":70},"3.50\n",[20,131084,52161],{},[43,131086,131088],{"className":45,"code":131087,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,131089,131090,131100],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131091,131092,131095,131097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131093,131094],{"class":58},"average ",[52,131096,63],{"class":62},[52,131098,131099],{"class":70}," 91.236\n",[52,131101,131102,131104,131106,131108,131111,131113,131115,131117,131119,131121,131123,131125,131128],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131103,118],{"class":101},[52,131105,105],{"class":66},[52,131107,757],{"class":756},[52,131109,131110],{"class":760},"Average: ",[52,131112,9363],{"class":70},[52,131114,130997],{"class":2184},[52,131116,22398],{"class":70},[52,131118,757],{"class":756},[52,131120,242],{"class":66},[52,131122,130144],{"class":108},[52,131124,105],{"class":66},[52,131126,131127],{"class":108},"average",[52,131129,510],{"class":66},[20,131131,131132],{},[3842,131133,311],{},[43,131135,131137],{"className":45,"code":131136,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,131138,131139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131140,131141,131144,131146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131142,131143],{"class":58},"Average",[52,131145,1772],{"class":66},[52,131147,131148],{"class":70}," 91.24\n",[20,131150,131151],{},"This is useful for:",[153,131153,131154,131156,131159],{},[156,131155,567],{},[156,131157,131158],{},"averages",[156,131160,131161],{},"percentages",[20,131163,131164,131165,242],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[236,131166,13,131167,2421],{"href":46534},[15,131168,46537],{},[38,131170,17512],{"id":17511},[20,131172,131173,92589],{},[15,131174,126424],{},[20,131176,131177],{},"That means you can:",[153,131179,131180,131183,131186],{},[156,131181,131182],{},"save it in a variable",[156,131184,131185],{},"print it directly",[156,131187,131188],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,131190,2324],{},[43,131192,131194],{"className":45,"code":131193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,131195,131196,131227,131237],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131197,131198,131200,131202,131204,131206,131208,131210,131212,131214,131216,131218,131220,131223,131225],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131199,90078],{"class":58},[52,131201,63],{"class":62},[52,131203,768],{"class":756},[52,131205,44986],{"class":760},[52,131207,3892],{"class":70},[52,131209,89919],{"class":760},[52,131211,757],{"class":756},[52,131213,242],{"class":66},[52,131215,130144],{"class":108},[52,131217,105],{"class":66},[52,131219,757],{"class":756},[52,131221,131222],{"class":760},"Chris",[52,131224,757],{"class":756},[52,131226,112],{"class":66},[52,131228,131229,131231,131233,131235],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131230,118],{"class":101},[52,131232,105],{"class":66},[52,131234,90095],{"class":108},[52,131236,112],{"class":66},[52,131238,131239,131241,131243,131245,131247,131249],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131240,118],{"class":101},[52,131242,105],{"class":66},[52,131244,1827],{"class":1184},[52,131246,105],{"class":66},[52,131248,90095],{"class":108},[52,131250,510],{"class":66},[20,131252,131253],{},[3842,131254,311],{},[43,131256,131258],{"className":45,"code":131257,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,131259,131260,131269],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131261,131262,131264,131266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131263,34965],{"class":58},[52,131265,74],{"class":66},[52,131267,131268],{"class":58}," Chris!\n",[52,131270,131271,131273,131275,131277,131279,131281],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131272,3395],{"class":62},[52,131274,3398],{"class":2184},[52,131276,3401],{"class":756},[52,131278,3550],{"class":760},[52,131280,3406],{"class":756},[52,131282,3409],{"class":62},[20,131284,131285],{},"The original string is not changed.",[38,131287,131289,131291],{"id":131288},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,131290,126424],{}," vs f-strings",[20,131293,131294,131296],{},[15,131295,126424],{}," is a string method.",[20,131298,131299],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,131301,46125,131302,1772],{},[15,131303,126424],{},[43,131305,131307],{"className":45,"code":131306,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,131308,131309,131322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131310,131311,131313,131315,131317,131320],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131312,7961],{"class":58},[52,131314,63],{"class":62},[52,131316,768],{"class":756},[52,131318,131319],{"class":760},"Rita",[52,131321,3465],{"class":756},[52,131323,131324,131326,131328,131330,131332,131334,131336,131338,131340,131342,131344,131346],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131325,118],{"class":101},[52,131327,105],{"class":66},[52,131329,757],{"class":756},[52,131331,44986],{"class":760},[52,131333,3892],{"class":70},[52,131335,89919],{"class":760},[52,131337,757],{"class":756},[52,131339,242],{"class":66},[52,131341,130144],{"class":108},[52,131343,105],{"class":66},[52,131345,7751],{"class":108},[52,131347,510],{"class":66},[20,131349,131350],{},"Example with an f-string:",[43,131352,131354],{"className":45,"code":131353,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,131355,131356,131368],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131357,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131359,7961],{"class":58},[52,131361,63],{"class":62},[52,131363,768],{"class":756},[52,131365,131319],{"class":760},[52,131367,3465],{"class":756},[52,131369,131370,131372,131374,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384,131387],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131371,118],{"class":101},[52,131373,105],{"class":66},[52,131375,22389],{"class":2184},[52,131377,43430],{"class":760},[52,131379,9363],{"class":70},[52,131381,7751],{"class":108},[52,131383,22398],{"class":70},[52,131385,131386],{"class":760},"!\"",[52,131388,112],{"class":66},[20,131390,131391],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,131393,131394,131395,131397,131398,242],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,131396,126424],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[236,131399,89764],{"href":89763},[38,131401,1766],{"id":1765},[20,131403,131404,131405,242],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,131406,126424],{},[461,131408,131410],{"id":131409},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,131412,131413],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[43,131415,131417],{"className":45,"code":131416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131418,131419,131452],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131420,131421,131423,131425,131427,131429,131431,131434,131436,131438,131440,131442,131444,131446,131448,131450],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131422,34785],{"class":58},[52,131424,63],{"class":62},[52,131426,768],{"class":756},[52,131428,44986],{"class":760},[52,131430,3892],{"class":70},[52,131432,131433],{"class":70}," {}",[52,131435,89919],{"class":760},[52,131437,757],{"class":756},[52,131439,242],{"class":66},[52,131441,130144],{"class":108},[52,131443,105],{"class":66},[52,131445,757],{"class":756},[52,131447,7760],{"class":760},[52,131449,757],{"class":756},[52,131451,112],{"class":66},[52,131453,131454,131456,131458,131460],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131455,118],{"class":101},[52,131457,105],{"class":66},[52,131459,34806],{"class":108},[52,131461,112],{"class":66},[20,131463,131464],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,131466,131467],{},"Fixed version:",[43,131469,131471],{"className":45,"code":131470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131472,131473,131514],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131474,131475,131477,131479,131481,131483,131485,131487,131489,131491,131493,131495,131497,131499,131501,131503,131505,131507,131510,131512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131476,34785],{"class":58},[52,131478,63],{"class":62},[52,131480,768],{"class":756},[52,131482,44986],{"class":760},[52,131484,3892],{"class":70},[52,131486,131433],{"class":70},[52,131488,89919],{"class":760},[52,131490,757],{"class":756},[52,131492,242],{"class":66},[52,131494,130144],{"class":108},[52,131496,105],{"class":66},[52,131498,757],{"class":756},[52,131500,7760],{"class":760},[52,131502,757],{"class":756},[52,131504,74],{"class":66},[52,131506,768],{"class":756},[52,131508,131509],{"class":760},"Lee",[52,131511,757],{"class":756},[52,131513,112],{"class":66},[52,131515,131516,131518,131520,131522],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131517,118],{"class":101},[52,131519,105],{"class":66},[52,131521,34806],{"class":108},[52,131523,112],{"class":66},[461,131525,131527],{"id":131526},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131529,131530,131531,242],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131532,126424],{},[20,131534,131535],{},"Problem:",[43,131537,131539],{"className":45,"code":131538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131540,131541,131575],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131542,131543,131545,131547,131549,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559,131561,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131544,34785],{"class":58},[52,131546,63],{"class":62},[52,131548,768],{"class":756},[52,131550,44986],{"class":760},[52,131552,130761],{"class":70},[52,131554,89919],{"class":760},[52,131556,757],{"class":756},[52,131558,242],{"class":66},[52,131560,130144],{"class":108},[52,131562,105],{"class":66},[52,131564,8070],{"class":201},[52,131566,63],{"class":62},[52,131568,757],{"class":756},[52,131570,7760],{"class":760},[52,131572,757],{"class":756},[52,131574,112],{"class":66},[52,131576,131577,131579,131581,131583],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131578,118],{"class":101},[52,131580,105],{"class":66},[52,131582,34806],{"class":108},[52,131584,112],{"class":66},[20,131586,131467],{},[43,131588,131590],{"className":45,"code":131589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131591,131592,131626],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131593,131594,131596,131598,131600,131602,131604,131606,131608,131610,131612,131614,131616,131618,131620,131622,131624],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131595,34785],{"class":58},[52,131597,63],{"class":62},[52,131599,768],{"class":756},[52,131601,44986],{"class":760},[52,131603,130761],{"class":70},[52,131605,89919],{"class":760},[52,131607,757],{"class":756},[52,131609,242],{"class":66},[52,131611,130144],{"class":108},[52,131613,105],{"class":66},[52,131615,7751],{"class":201},[52,131617,63],{"class":62},[52,131619,757],{"class":756},[52,131621,7760],{"class":760},[52,131623,757],{"class":756},[52,131625,112],{"class":66},[52,131627,131628,131630,131632,131634],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131629,118],{"class":101},[52,131631,105],{"class":66},[52,131633,34806],{"class":108},[52,131635,112],{"class":66},[461,131637,8538,131639,131641],{"id":131638},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131640,126424],{}," to change the original string",[20,131643,131644,131646],{},[15,131645,126424],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131648,131535],{},[43,131650,131652],{"className":45,"code":131651,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131653,131654,131668,131686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131655,131656,131658,131660,131662,131664,131666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131657,34785],{"class":58},[52,131659,63],{"class":62},[52,131661,768],{"class":756},[52,131663,44986],{"class":760},[52,131665,3892],{"class":70},[52,131667,3465],{"class":756},[52,131669,131670,131672,131674,131676,131678,131680,131682,131684],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131671,34806],{"class":58},[52,131673,242],{"class":66},[52,131675,130144],{"class":108},[52,131677,105],{"class":66},[52,131679,757],{"class":756},[52,131681,7760],{"class":760},[52,131683,757],{"class":756},[52,131685,112],{"class":66},[52,131687,131688,131690,131692,131694],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131689,118],{"class":101},[52,131691,105],{"class":66},[52,131693,34806],{"class":108},[52,131695,112],{"class":66},[20,131697,131698],{},[3842,131699,311],{},[43,131701,131703],{"className":45,"code":131702,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131704,131705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131706,131707,131709,131711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131708,34965],{"class":58},[52,131710,74],{"class":66},[52,131712,9924],{"class":66},[20,131714,131467],{},[43,131716,131718],{"className":45,"code":131717,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131719,131720,131734,131756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131721,131722,131724,131726,131728,131730,131732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131723,34785],{"class":58},[52,131725,63],{"class":62},[52,131727,768],{"class":756},[52,131729,44986],{"class":760},[52,131731,3892],{"class":70},[52,131733,3465],{"class":756},[52,131735,131736,131738,131740,131742,131744,131746,131748,131750,131752,131754],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131737,34785],{"class":58},[52,131739,63],{"class":62},[52,131741,42925],{"class":58},[52,131743,242],{"class":66},[52,131745,130144],{"class":108},[52,131747,105],{"class":66},[52,131749,757],{"class":756},[52,131751,7760],{"class":760},[52,131753,757],{"class":756},[52,131755,112],{"class":66},[52,131757,131758,131760,131762,131764],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131759,118],{"class":101},[52,131761,105],{"class":66},[52,131763,34806],{"class":108},[52,131765,112],{"class":66},[461,131767,4796,131769,131771],{"id":131768},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131770,126424],{}," returns a new string",[20,131773,131774],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[461,131776,131778],{"id":131777},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131780,131781],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131783,131784,131785,131787],{},"Use simple ",[15,131786,3892],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131789,131790,131791,242],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[236,131792,90474],{"href":90473},[38,131794,67970],{"id":67969},[20,131796,131797],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[43,131799,131801],{"className":45,"code":131800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131802,131803,131813,131827,131856],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,131804,131805,131807,131809,131811],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,131806,118],{"class":101},[52,131808,105],{"class":66},[52,131810,34806],{"class":108},[52,131812,112],{"class":66},[52,131814,131815,131817,131819,131821,131823,131825],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,131816,118],{"class":101},[52,131818,105],{"class":66},[52,131820,1827],{"class":1184},[52,131822,105],{"class":66},[52,131824,2588],{"class":108},[52,131826,510],{"class":66},[52,131828,131829,131831,131833,131835,131838,131840,131842,131844,131846,131848,131850,131852,131854],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,131830,118],{"class":101},[52,131832,105],{"class":66},[52,131834,757],{"class":756},[52,131836,131837],{"class":760},"Hello ",[52,131839,3892],{"class":70},[52,131841,757],{"class":756},[52,131843,242],{"class":66},[52,131845,130144],{"class":108},[52,131847,105],{"class":66},[52,131849,757],{"class":756},[52,131851,7760],{"class":760},[52,131853,757],{"class":756},[52,131855,510],{"class":66},[52,131857,131858,131860,131862,131864,131866,131868],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,131859,32248],{"class":101},[52,131861,105],{"class":66},[52,131863,3550],{"class":1184},[52,131865,242],{"class":66},[52,131867,130144],{"class":24845},[52,131869,112],{"class":66},[20,131871,131872],{},"Use them to check:",[153,131874,131875,131878,131881,131884],{},[156,131876,131877],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[156,131879,131880],{},"what type your value has",[156,131882,131883],{},"whether a small test example works",[156,131885,131886,131887],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131888,131889],{},"str.format",[38,131891,1919],{"id":1918},[461,131893,129925,131895,12804],{"id":131894},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131896,126424],{},[20,131898,131899],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[461,131901,131903],{"id":131902},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131905,131906,131907,131909],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131908,3892],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[461,131911,131913,131914,1963],{"id":131912},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131915,126424],{},[20,131917,131918,131919,131922],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131920,131921],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[461,131924,14994,131926,131928],{"id":131925},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131927,126424],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131930,131931,131932,131934],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131933,126424],{}," is still useful and common.",[38,131936,1986],{"id":1985},[153,131938,131939,131943,131947,131953,131959],{},[156,131940,131941],{},[236,131942,125176],{"href":51059},[156,131944,131945],{},[236,131946,90751],{"href":89763},[156,131948,131949],{},[236,131950,13,131951,1999],{"href":46534},[15,131952,46537],{},[156,131954,131955],{},[236,131956,13,131957,1999],{"href":859},[15,131958,862],{},[156,131960,131961],{},[236,131962,90474],{"href":90473},[2029,131964,131965],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":131967},[131968,131969,131971,131972,131973,131974,131975,131976,131978,131987,131988,131997],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":130211,"depth":93,"text":131970},"What the format() method does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":130492,"depth":93,"text":130493},{"id":130754,"depth":93,"text":130755},{"id":130985,"depth":93,"text":130986},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":131288,"depth":93,"text":131977},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":131979},[131980,131981,131982,131984,131986],{"id":131409,"depth":115,"text":131410},{"id":131526,"depth":115,"text":131527},{"id":131638,"depth":115,"text":131983},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131768,"depth":115,"text":131985},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131777,"depth":115,"text":131778},{"id":67969,"depth":93,"text":67970},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":131989},[131990,131992,131993,131995],{"id":131894,"depth":115,"text":131991},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131902,"depth":115,"text":131903},{"id":131912,"depth":115,"text":131994},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131925,"depth":115,"text":131996},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":130071,"description":131998},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":132005,"title":132006,"body":132007,"description":133487,"extension":2083,"meta":133488,"navigation":296,"path":133489,"seo":133490,"stem":133491,"__hash__":133492},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":132008,"toc":133459},[132009,132014,132019,132024,132026,132088,132095,132101,132106,132108,132124,132126,132197,132199,132213,132216,132266,132268,132270,132297,132300,132315,132318,132359,132362,132407,132414,132463,132465,132473,132475,132493,132495,132588,132596,132637,132642,132649,132655,132662,132665,132669,132770,132772,132794,132798,132851,132854,132857,132863,132870,132872,132911,132913,132931,132941,132948,133031,133034,133041,133048,133055,133059,133067,133113,133117,133126,133191,133196,133201,133212,133214,133219,133246,133248,133351,133354,133374,133376,133381,133384,133388,133392,133399,133408,133414,133417,133423,133425,133427,133456],[10,132010,123421,132012,11411],{"id":132011},"python-string-index-method",[15,132013,59048],{},[20,132015,123426,132016,132018],{},[15,132017,59048],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,132020,132021,132022,242],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,132023,40794],{},[38,132025,41],{"id":40},[43,132027,132029],{"className":45,"code":132028,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,132030,132031,132043,132065,132075,132079,132083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132032,132033,132035,132037,132039,132041],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132034,34785],{"class":58},[52,132036,63],{"class":62},[52,132038,768],{"class":756},[52,132040,60486],{"class":760},[52,132042,3465],{"class":756},[52,132044,132045,132047,132049,132051,132053,132055,132057,132059,132061,132063],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132046,64995],{"class":58},[52,132048,63],{"class":62},[52,132050,42925],{"class":58},[52,132052,242],{"class":66},[52,132054,35945],{"class":108},[52,132056,105],{"class":66},[52,132058,757],{"class":756},[52,132060,771],{"class":760},[52,132062,757],{"class":756},[52,132064,112],{"class":66},[52,132066,132067,132069,132071,132073],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132068,118],{"class":101},[52,132070,105],{"class":66},[52,132072,65022],{"class":108},[52,132074,112],{"class":66},[52,132076,132077],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,132078,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,132080,132081],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,132082,90892],{"class":129},[52,132084,132085],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,132086,132087],{"class":129},"# 6\n",[20,132089,133,132090,132092,132093,242],{},[15,132091,59048],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,132094,40794],{},[38,132096,140,132098,143],{"id":132097},"what-strindex-does",[15,132099,132100],{},"str.index()",[20,132102,132103,132105],{},[15,132104,132100],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,132107,13141],{},[153,132109,132110,132113,132116,132119],{},[156,132111,132112],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[156,132114,132115],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[156,132117,132118],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[156,132120,30388,132121,132123],{},[15,132122,40794],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,132125,2324],{},[43,132127,132129],{"className":45,"code":132128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,132130,132131,132143,132147,132172],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132132,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132134,34785],{"class":58},[52,132136,63],{"class":62},[52,132138,768],{"class":756},[52,132140,4180],{"class":760},[52,132142,3465],{"class":756},[52,132144,132145],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132146,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,132148,132149,132151,132153,132155,132157,132159,132161,132163,132165,132167,132169],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132150,118],{"class":101},[52,132152,105],{"class":66},[52,132154,34806],{"class":108},[52,132156,242],{"class":66},[52,132158,35945],{"class":108},[52,132160,105],{"class":66},[52,132162,757],{"class":756},[52,132164,236],{"class":760},[52,132166,757],{"class":756},[52,132168,5450],{"class":66},[52,132170,132171],{"class":129},"     # 1\n",[52,132173,132174,132176,132178,132180,132182,132184,132186,132188,132190,132192,132194],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,132175,118],{"class":101},[52,132177,105],{"class":66},[52,132179,34806],{"class":108},[52,132181,242],{"class":66},[52,132183,35945],{"class":108},[52,132185,105],{"class":66},[52,132187,757],{"class":756},[52,132189,123514],{"class":760},[52,132191,757],{"class":756},[52,132193,5450],{"class":66},[52,132195,132196],{"class":129},"    # 2\n",[20,132198,2295],{},[153,132200,132201,132207],{},[156,132202,132203,128634,132205],{},[15,132204,18189],{},[15,132206,71],{},[156,132208,132209,128634,132211],{},[15,132210,128633],{},[15,132212,440],{},[20,132214,132215],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[43,132217,132219],{"className":45,"code":132218,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,132220,132221,132233,132237,132261],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132222,132223,132225,132227,132229,132231],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132224,34785],{"class":58},[52,132226,63],{"class":62},[52,132228,768],{"class":756},[52,132230,34965],{"class":760},[52,132232,3465],{"class":756},[52,132234,132235],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132236,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,132238,132239,132241,132243,132245,132247,132249,132251,132253,132255,132257,132259],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132240,118],{"class":101},[52,132242,105],{"class":66},[52,132244,34806],{"class":108},[52,132246,242],{"class":66},[52,132248,35945],{"class":108},[52,132250,105],{"class":66},[52,132252,757],{"class":756},[52,132254,51275],{"class":760},[52,132256,757],{"class":756},[52,132258,5450],{"class":66},[52,132260,20862],{"class":129},[52,132262,132263],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,132264,132265],{"class":129},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[38,132267,181],{"id":180},[20,132269,2277],{},[43,132271,132273],{"className":45,"code":132272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,132274,132275],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132276,132277,132279,132281,132283,132285,132287,132289,132291,132293,132295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132278,61250],{"class":58},[52,132280,242],{"class":66},[52,132282,35945],{"class":108},[52,132284,105],{"class":66},[52,132286,2588],{"class":108},[52,132288,74],{"class":66},[52,132290,202],{"class":108},[52,132292,74],{"class":66},[52,132294,65116],{"class":108},[52,132296,112],{"class":66},[20,132298,132299],{},"Parameters:",[153,132301,132302,132306,132310],{},[156,132303,132304,123613],{},[15,132305,2588],{},[156,132307,132308,128680],{},[15,132309,35],{},[156,132311,132312,132314],{},[15,132313,52742],{},": optional stopping position",[20,132316,132317],{},"You can use just the value:",[43,132319,132321],{"className":45,"code":132320,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132322,132323,132335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132324,132325,132327,132329,132331,132333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132326,34785],{"class":58},[52,132328,63],{"class":62},[52,132330,768],{"class":756},[52,132332,47],{"class":760},[52,132334,3465],{"class":756},[52,132336,132337,132339,132341,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132338,118],{"class":101},[52,132340,105],{"class":66},[52,132342,34806],{"class":108},[52,132344,242],{"class":66},[52,132346,35945],{"class":108},[52,132348,105],{"class":66},[52,132350,757],{"class":756},[52,132352,1414],{"class":760},[52,132354,757],{"class":756},[52,132356,5450],{"class":66},[52,132358,51499],{"class":129},[20,132360,132361],{},"Or include a start position:",[43,132363,132365],{"className":45,"code":132364,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,132366,132367,132379],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132368,132369,132371,132373,132375,132377],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132370,34785],{"class":58},[52,132372,63],{"class":62},[52,132374,768],{"class":756},[52,132376,4180],{"class":760},[52,132378,3465],{"class":756},[52,132380,132381,132383,132385,132387,132389,132391,132393,132395,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132382,118],{"class":101},[52,132384,105],{"class":66},[52,132386,34806],{"class":108},[52,132388,242],{"class":66},[52,132390,35945],{"class":108},[52,132392,105],{"class":66},[52,132394,757],{"class":756},[52,132396,236],{"class":760},[52,132398,757],{"class":756},[52,132400,74],{"class":66},[52,132402,77],{"class":70},[52,132404,5450],{"class":66},[52,132406,50854],{"class":129},[20,132408,132409,132410,652,132412,1772],{},"Or include both ",[15,132411,35],{},[15,132413,52742],{},[43,132415,132417],{"className":45,"code":132416,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,132418,132419,132431],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132420,132421,132423,132425,132427,132429],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132422,34785],{"class":58},[52,132424,63],{"class":62},[52,132426,768],{"class":756},[52,132428,4180],{"class":760},[52,132430,3465],{"class":756},[52,132432,132433,132435,132437,132439,132441,132443,132445,132447,132449,132451,132453,132455,132457,132459,132461],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132434,118],{"class":101},[52,132436,105],{"class":66},[52,132438,34806],{"class":108},[52,132440,242],{"class":66},[52,132442,35945],{"class":108},[52,132444,105],{"class":66},[52,132446,757],{"class":756},[52,132448,236],{"class":760},[52,132450,757],{"class":756},[52,132452,74],{"class":66},[52,132454,77],{"class":70},[52,132456,74],{"class":66},[52,132458,4696],{"class":70},[52,132460,5450],{"class":66},[52,132462,50854],{"class":129},[38,132464,38113],{"id":38112},[20,132466,28803,132467,132469,132470,242],{},[15,132468,59048],{}," is a ",[3842,132471,132472],{},"zero-based index",[20,132474,2226],{},[153,132476,132477,132483,132488],{},[156,132478,132479,132480,132482],{},"Index ",[15,132481,207],{}," is the first character",[156,132484,132479,132485,132487],{},[15,132486,71],{}," is the second character",[156,132489,132479,132490,132492],{},[15,132491,440],{}," is the third character",[20,132494,2324],{},[43,132496,132498],{"className":45,"code":132497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132499,132500,132512,132516,132540,132564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132501,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132503,34785],{"class":58},[52,132505,63],{"class":62},[52,132507,768],{"class":756},[52,132509,37141],{"class":760},[52,132511,3465],{"class":756},[52,132513,132514],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132515,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,132517,132518,132520,132522,132524,132526,132528,132530,132532,132534,132536,132538],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132519,118],{"class":101},[52,132521,105],{"class":66},[52,132523,34806],{"class":108},[52,132525,242],{"class":66},[52,132527,35945],{"class":108},[52,132529,105],{"class":66},[52,132531,757],{"class":756},[52,132533,9825],{"class":760},[52,132535,757],{"class":756},[52,132537,5450],{"class":66},[52,132539,51331],{"class":129},[52,132541,132542,132544,132546,132548,132550,132552,132554,132556,132558,132560,132562],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,132543,118],{"class":101},[52,132545,105],{"class":66},[52,132547,34806],{"class":108},[52,132549,242],{"class":66},[52,132551,35945],{"class":108},[52,132553,105],{"class":66},[52,132555,757],{"class":756},[52,132557,236],{"class":760},[52,132559,757],{"class":756},[52,132561,5450],{"class":66},[52,132563,27874],{"class":129},[52,132565,132566,132568,132570,132572,132574,132576,132578,132580,132582,132584,132586],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,132567,118],{"class":101},[52,132569,105],{"class":66},[52,132571,34806],{"class":108},[52,132573,242],{"class":66},[52,132575,35945],{"class":108},[52,132577,105],{"class":66},[52,132579,757],{"class":756},[52,132581,1414],{"class":760},[52,132583,757],{"class":756},[52,132585,5450],{"class":66},[52,132587,51499],{"class":129},[20,132589,132590,132592,132593,132595],{},[15,132591,59048],{}," returns only the ",[3842,132594,30004],{}," matching position.",[43,132597,132599],{"className":45,"code":132598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132600,132601,132613],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132602,132603,132605,132607,132609,132611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132604,34785],{"class":58},[52,132606,63],{"class":62},[52,132608,768],{"class":756},[52,132610,4180],{"class":760},[52,132612,3465],{"class":756},[52,132614,132615,132617,132619,132621,132623,132625,132627,132629,132631,132633,132635],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132616,118],{"class":101},[52,132618,105],{"class":66},[52,132620,34806],{"class":108},[52,132622,242],{"class":66},[52,132624,35945],{"class":108},[52,132626,105],{"class":66},[52,132628,757],{"class":756},[52,132630,236],{"class":760},[52,132632,757],{"class":756},[52,132634,5450],{"class":66},[52,132636,27874],{"class":129},[20,132638,21072,132639,132641],{},[15,132640,18189],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132643,132644,132645,242],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[236,132646,132647,10828],{"href":124871},[15,132648,58670],{},[38,132650,1372,132651,652,132653],{"id":65482},[15,132652,35],{},[15,132654,52742],{},[20,132656,2100,132657,652,132659,132661],{},[15,132658,35],{},[15,132660,52742],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132663,132664],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132666,46125,132667,1772],{},[15,132668,35],{},[43,132670,132672],{"className":45,"code":132671,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132673,132674,132686,132690,132714,132742],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132675,132676,132678,132680,132682,132684],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132677,34785],{"class":58},[52,132679,63],{"class":62},[52,132681,768],{"class":756},[52,132683,4180],{"class":760},[52,132685,3465],{"class":756},[52,132687,132688],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132689,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,132691,132692,132694,132696,132698,132700,132702,132704,132706,132708,132710,132712],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132693,118],{"class":101},[52,132695,105],{"class":66},[52,132697,34806],{"class":108},[52,132699,242],{"class":66},[52,132701,35945],{"class":108},[52,132703,105],{"class":66},[52,132705,757],{"class":756},[52,132707,236],{"class":760},[52,132709,757],{"class":756},[52,132711,5450],{"class":66},[52,132713,51204],{"class":129},[52,132715,132716,132718,132720,132722,132724,132726,132728,132730,132732,132734,132736,132738,132740],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,132717,118],{"class":101},[52,132719,105],{"class":66},[52,132721,34806],{"class":108},[52,132723,242],{"class":66},[52,132725,35945],{"class":108},[52,132727,105],{"class":66},[52,132729,757],{"class":756},[52,132731,236],{"class":760},[52,132733,757],{"class":756},[52,132735,74],{"class":66},[52,132737,77],{"class":70},[52,132739,5450],{"class":66},[52,132741,51053],{"class":129},[52,132743,132744,132746,132748,132750,132752,132754,132756,132758,132760,132762,132764,132766,132768],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,132745,118],{"class":101},[52,132747,105],{"class":66},[52,132749,34806],{"class":108},[52,132751,242],{"class":66},[52,132753,35945],{"class":108},[52,132755,105],{"class":66},[52,132757,757],{"class":756},[52,132759,236],{"class":760},[52,132761,757],{"class":756},[52,132763,74],{"class":66},[52,132765,87],{"class":70},[52,132767,5450],{"class":66},[52,132769,50837],{"class":129},[20,132771,20051],{},[153,132773,132774,132781,132787],{},[156,132775,132776,132777,65672,132779],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132778,18189],{},[15,132780,71],{},[156,132782,132783,132784,132786],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132785,440],{}," skips that first match",[156,132788,132783,132789,132791,132792],{},[15,132790,1595],{}," finds the last ",[15,132793,18189],{},[20,132795,46125,132796,1772],{},[15,132797,52742],{},[43,132799,132801],{"className":45,"code":132800,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132802,132803,132815,132819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132804,132805,132807,132809,132811,132813],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132806,34785],{"class":58},[52,132808,63],{"class":62},[52,132810,768],{"class":756},[52,132812,4180],{"class":760},[52,132814,3465],{"class":756},[52,132816,132817],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132818,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,132820,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835,132837,132839,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132822,118],{"class":101},[52,132824,105],{"class":66},[52,132826,34806],{"class":108},[52,132828,242],{"class":66},[52,132830,35945],{"class":108},[52,132832,105],{"class":66},[52,132834,757],{"class":756},[52,132836,1441],{"class":760},[52,132838,757],{"class":756},[52,132840,74],{"class":66},[52,132842,3933],{"class":70},[52,132844,74],{"class":66},[52,132846,87],{"class":70},[52,132848,5450],{"class":66},[52,132850,51499],{"class":129},[20,132852,132853],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132855,132856],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[38,132858,44297,132860,132862],{"id":132859},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132861,59048],{}," causes an error",[20,132864,132865,132866,52576,132868,242],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132867,59048],{},[15,132869,40794],{},[20,132871,2324],{},[43,132873,132875],{"className":45,"code":132874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132876,132877,132889],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132878,132879,132881,132883,132885,132887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132880,34785],{"class":58},[52,132882,63],{"class":62},[52,132884,768],{"class":756},[52,132886,761],{"class":760},[52,132888,3465],{"class":756},[52,132890,132891,132893,132895,132897,132899,132901,132903,132905,132907,132909],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132892,118],{"class":101},[52,132894,105],{"class":66},[52,132896,34806],{"class":108},[52,132898,242],{"class":66},[52,132900,35945],{"class":108},[52,132902,105],{"class":66},[52,132904,757],{"class":756},[52,132906,22172],{"class":760},[52,132908,757],{"class":756},[52,132910,510],{"class":66},[20,132912,311],{},[43,132914,132916],{"className":45,"code":132915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132917,132918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132919,132920,132922,132924,132927,132929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132921,40794],{"class":1184},[52,132923,1772],{"class":66},[52,132925,132926],{"class":58}," substring ",[52,132928,4722],{"class":62},[52,132930,65905],{"class":58},[20,132932,53422,132933,126387,132938,132940],{},[236,132934,132935],{"href":130065},[15,132936,132937],{},"str.find()",[15,132939,65930],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132942,132943,132944,652,132946,1772],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132945,29899],{},[15,132947,29930],{},[43,132949,132951],{"className":45,"code":132950,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132952,132953,132965,132969,132975,132998,133008,133016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,132954,132955,132957,132959,132961,132963],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,132956,34785],{"class":58},[52,132958,63],{"class":62},[52,132960,768],{"class":756},[52,132962,761],{"class":760},[52,132964,3465],{"class":756},[52,132966,132967],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,132968,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,132970,132971,132973],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,132972,29899],{"class":1195},[52,132974,1689],{"class":66},[52,132976,132977,132980,132982,132984,132986,132988,132990,132992,132994,132996],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,132978,132979],{"class":58},"    position ",[52,132981,63],{"class":62},[52,132983,42925],{"class":58},[52,132985,242],{"class":66},[52,132987,35945],{"class":108},[52,132989,105],{"class":66},[52,132991,757],{"class":756},[52,132993,22172],{"class":760},[52,132995,757],{"class":756},[52,132997,112],{"class":66},[52,132999,133000,133002,133004,133006],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,133001,8154],{"class":101},[52,133003,105],{"class":66},[52,133005,65022],{"class":108},[52,133007,112],{"class":66},[52,133009,133010,133012,133014],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,133011,29930],{"class":1195},[52,133013,42012],{"class":1184},[52,133015,1689],{"class":66},[52,133017,133018,133020,133022,133024,133027,133029],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,133019,8154],{"class":101},[52,133021,105],{"class":66},[52,133023,757],{"class":756},[52,133025,133026],{"class":760},"Substring not found",[52,133028,757],{"class":756},[52,133030,112],{"class":66},[20,133032,133033],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,133035,42032,133036,242],{},[236,133037,25774,133039],{"href":133038},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,133040,129392],{},[38,133042,133044,10672,133046],{"id":133043},"index-vs-find",[15,133045,59048],{},[15,133047,124416],{},[20,133049,133050,652,133052,133054],{},[15,133051,59048],{},[15,133053,124416],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[461,133056,133057],{"id":35945},[15,133058,59048],{},[153,133060,133061,133064],{},[156,133062,133063],{},"Returns the first match position",[156,133065,133066],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[43,133068,133070],{"className":45,"code":133069,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,133071,133072,133084,133108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133073,133074,133076,133078,133080,133082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133075,34785],{"class":58},[52,133077,63],{"class":62},[52,133079,768],{"class":756},[52,133081,761],{"class":760},[52,133083,3465],{"class":756},[52,133085,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133098,133100,133102,133104,133106],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,133087,118],{"class":101},[52,133089,105],{"class":66},[52,133091,34806],{"class":108},[52,133093,242],{"class":66},[52,133095,35945],{"class":108},[52,133097,105],{"class":66},[52,133099,757],{"class":756},[52,133101,60526],{"class":760},[52,133103,757],{"class":756},[52,133105,5450],{"class":66},[52,133107,27874],{"class":129},[52,133109,133110],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133111,133112],{"class":129},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[461,133114,133115],{"id":128446},[15,133116,124416],{},[153,133118,133119,133121],{},[156,133120,133063],{},[156,133122,11513,133123,133125],{},[15,133124,65930],{}," if nothing is found",[43,133127,133129],{"className":45,"code":133128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,133130,133131,133143,133167],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133132,133133,133135,133137,133139,133141],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133134,34785],{"class":58},[52,133136,63],{"class":62},[52,133138,768],{"class":756},[52,133140,761],{"class":760},[52,133142,3465],{"class":756},[52,133144,133145,133147,133149,133151,133153,133155,133157,133159,133161,133163,133165],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,133146,118],{"class":101},[52,133148,105],{"class":66},[52,133150,34806],{"class":108},[52,133152,242],{"class":66},[52,133154,128446],{"class":108},[52,133156,105],{"class":66},[52,133158,757],{"class":756},[52,133160,60526],{"class":760},[52,133162,757],{"class":756},[52,133164,5450],{"class":66},[52,133166,27874],{"class":129},[52,133168,133169,133171,133173,133175,133177,133179,133181,133183,133185,133187,133189],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133170,118],{"class":101},[52,133172,105],{"class":66},[52,133174,34806],{"class":108},[52,133176,242],{"class":66},[52,133178,128446],{"class":108},[52,133180,105],{"class":66},[52,133182,757],{"class":756},[52,133184,22172],{"class":760},[52,133186,757],{"class":756},[52,133188,5450],{"class":66},[52,133190,128802],{"class":129},[20,133192,133,133193,133195],{},[15,133194,59048],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,133197,133,133198,133200],{},[15,133199,124416],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,133202,133203,133204,1943,133209,242],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[236,133205,133206,133208],{"href":130065},[15,133207,132937],{}," method reference",[236,133210,127457],{"href":133211},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[38,133213,1766],{"id":1765},[20,133215,133216,133217,1772],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,133218,59048],{},[153,133220,133221,133224,133231,133236,133241],{},[156,133222,133223],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[156,133225,8538,133226,8541,133228,133230],{},[15,133227,59048],{},[15,133229,65930],{}," when no match exists",[156,133232,1372,133233,133235],{},[15,133234,59048],{}," on a value that may not be present",[156,133237,133238,133239],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,133240,71],{},[156,133242,4670,133243,133245],{},[15,133244,59048],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,133247,62371],{},[43,133249,133251],{"className":45,"code":133250,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,133252,133253,133263,133277,133299,133321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133254,133255,133257,133259,133261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133256,118],{"class":101},[52,133258,105],{"class":66},[52,133260,34806],{"class":108},[52,133262,112],{"class":66},[52,133264,133265,133267,133269,133271,133273,133275],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,133266,118],{"class":101},[52,133268,105],{"class":66},[52,133270,41865],{"class":101},[52,133272,105],{"class":66},[52,133274,34806],{"class":108},[52,133276,510],{"class":66},[52,133278,133279,133281,133283,133285,133287,133289,133291,133293,133295,133297],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133280,118],{"class":101},[52,133282,105],{"class":66},[52,133284,34806],{"class":108},[52,133286,242],{"class":66},[52,133288,35945],{"class":108},[52,133290,105],{"class":66},[52,133292,757],{"class":756},[52,133294,2588],{"class":760},[52,133296,757],{"class":756},[52,133298,510],{"class":66},[52,133300,133301,133303,133305,133307,133309,133311,133313,133315,133317,133319],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,133302,118],{"class":101},[52,133304,105],{"class":66},[52,133306,34806],{"class":108},[52,133308,242],{"class":66},[52,133310,128446],{"class":108},[52,133312,105],{"class":66},[52,133314,757],{"class":756},[52,133316,2588],{"class":760},[52,133318,757],{"class":756},[52,133320,510],{"class":66},[52,133322,133323,133325,133327,133329,133331,133333,133335,133337,133339,133341,133343,133345,133347,133349],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,133324,118],{"class":101},[52,133326,105],{"class":66},[52,133328,34806],{"class":108},[52,133330,242],{"class":66},[52,133332,35945],{"class":108},[52,133334,105],{"class":66},[52,133336,757],{"class":756},[52,133338,2588],{"class":760},[52,133340,757],{"class":756},[52,133342,74],{"class":66},[52,133344,202],{"class":108},[52,133346,74],{"class":66},[52,133348,65116],{"class":108},[52,133350,510],{"class":66},[20,133352,133353],{},"Tips:",[153,133355,133356,133361,133366,133369],{},[156,133357,133,133358,133360],{},[15,133359,126343],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[156,133362,133,133363,133365],{},[15,133364,124416],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[156,133367,133368],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[156,133370,133371,133372],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,133373,207],{},[38,133375,1919],{"id":1918},[461,133377,129925,133379,12804],{"id":133378},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,133380,59048],{},[20,133382,133383],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[461,133385,133387],{"id":133386},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,133389,76931,133390,242],{},[15,133391,40794],{},[461,133393,5270,133395,652,133397,1963],{"id":133394},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,133396,59048],{},[15,133398,124416],{},[20,133400,133401,133403,133404,2514,133406,6712],{},[15,133402,59048],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,133405,124416],{},[15,133407,65930],{},[461,133409,1933,133411,133413],{"id":133410},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,133412,59048],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,133415,133416],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[461,133418,133420,133421,124757],{"id":133419},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,133422,59048],{},[20,133424,129950],{},[38,133426,1986],{"id":1985},[153,133428,133429,133435,133439,133444,133450],{},[156,133430,133431],{},[236,133432,133433,10828],{"href":130065},[15,133434,132937],{},[156,133436,133437],{},[236,133438,124820],{"href":133211},[156,133440,133441],{},[236,133442,130026],{"href":133443},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[156,133445,133446],{},[236,133447,133448,10828],{"href":124871},[15,133449,58670],{},[156,133451,133452],{},[236,133453,30442,133454],{"href":133038},[15,133455,129392],{},[2029,133457,133458],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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an error",{"id":133043,"depth":93,"text":133470,"children":133471},"index() vs find()",[133472,133473],{"id":35945,"depth":115,"text":59048},{"id":128446,"depth":115,"text":124416},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":133476},[133477,133479,133480,133482,133484],{"id":133378,"depth":115,"text":133478},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":133386,"depth":115,"text":133387},{"id":133394,"depth":115,"text":133481},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":133410,"depth":115,"text":133483},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":133419,"depth":115,"text":133485},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":132006,"description":133487},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133494,"title":133495,"body":133496,"description":136264,"extension":2083,"meta":136265,"navigation":296,"path":136266,"seo":136267,"stem":136268,"__hash__":136269},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133497,"toc":136200},[133498,133503,133508,133511,133514,133525,133527,133595,133597,133611,133616,133621,133626,133628,133671,133673,133756,133758,133804,133810,133812,133814,133834,133836,133859,133861,133935,133937,133956,133961,133963,133967,134039,134041,134055,134059,134135,134137,134156,134160,134253,134255,134263,134270,134346,134348,134366,134370,134373,134380,134429,134431,134440,134447,134506,134508,134526,134529,134536,134595,134597,134615,134622,134679,134681,134690,134694,134699,134703,134762,134764,134782,134786,134833,134838,134841,134910,134912,134929,134936,134942,134997,135002,135005,135082,135084,135102,135108,135114,135174,135176,135195,135201,135204,135211,135264,135269,135271,135332,135340,135347,135349,135406,135411,135413,135484,135488,135543,135545,135554,135559,135565,135634,135636,135668,135674,135682,135689,135695,135760,135762,135771,135777,135858,135860,135869,135874,135888,135895,135899,135904,135932,135934,136067,136069,136105,136107,136113,136122,136127,136130,136135,136140,136146,136149,136158,136161,136163,136192,136197],[10,133499,123421,133501,11411],{"id":133500},"python-string-join-method",[15,133502,1465],{},[20,133504,123426,133505,133507],{},[15,133506,1465],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133509,133510],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133512,133513],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[153,133515,133516,133522],{},[156,133517,133518,133519,133521],{},"You call ",[15,133520,1465],{}," on the separator string",[156,133523,133524],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[38,133526,3712],{"id":3711},[43,133528,133530],{"className":45,"code":133529,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133531,133532,133565,133585],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133533,133534,133536,133538,133540,133542,133544,133546,133548,133550,133552,133554,133556,133558,133561,133563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133535,749],{"class":58},[52,133537,63],{"class":62},[52,133539,67],{"class":66},[52,133541,757],{"class":756},[52,133543,7379],{"class":760},[52,133545,757],{"class":756},[52,133547,74],{"class":66},[52,133549,768],{"class":756},[52,133551,12281],{"class":760},[52,133553,757],{"class":756},[52,133555,74],{"class":66},[52,133557,768],{"class":756},[52,133559,133560],{"class":760},"fun",[52,133562,757],{"class":756},[52,133564,90],{"class":66},[52,133566,133567,133569,133571,133573,133575,133577,133579,133581,133583],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,133568,2347],{"class":58},[52,133570,63],{"class":62},[52,133572,768],{"class":756},[52,133574,768],{"class":756},[52,133576,242],{"class":66},[52,133578,836],{"class":108},[52,133580,105],{"class":66},[52,133582,788],{"class":108},[52,133584,112],{"class":66},[52,133586,133587,133589,133591,133593],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133588,118],{"class":101},[52,133590,105],{"class":66},[52,133592,2382],{"class":108},[52,133594,112],{"class":66},[20,133596,311],{},[43,133598,133600],{"className":45,"code":133599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is fun\n",[15,133601,133602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133603,133604,133606,133608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133605,13],{"class":58},[52,133607,12281],{"class":62},[52,133609,133610],{"class":58}," fun\n",[20,133612,133,133613,133615],{},[15,133614,1465],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[38,133617,140,133619,143],{"id":133618},"what-join-does",[15,133620,1465],{},[20,133622,133623,133625],{},[15,133624,1465],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133627,11548],{},[153,133629,133630,133637,133665,133668],{},[156,133631,133632,133633,133636],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133634,133635],{},".join()"," as the separator",[156,133638,133639,133640],{},"Common separators are:\n",[153,133641,133642,133648,133654,133660],{},[156,133643,133644,133647],{},[15,133645,133646],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[156,133649,133650,133653],{},[15,133651,133652],{},"\", \""," for commas",[156,133655,133656,133659],{},[15,133657,133658],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[156,133661,133662,133664],{},[15,133663,831],{}," for no separator",[156,133666,133667],{},"It returns a new string",[156,133669,133670],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133672,2324],{},[43,133674,133676],{"className":45,"code":133675,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133677,133678,133710,133732,133736,133746],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133679,133680,133682,133684,133686,133688,133690,133692,133694,133696,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706,133708],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133681,749],{"class":58},[52,133683,63],{"class":62},[52,133685,67],{"class":66},[52,133687,757],{"class":756},[52,133689,13182],{"class":760},[52,133691,757],{"class":756},[52,133693,74],{"class":66},[52,133695,768],{"class":756},[52,133697,17549],{"class":760},[52,133699,757],{"class":756},[52,133701,74],{"class":66},[52,133703,768],{"class":756},[52,133705,13199],{"class":760},[52,133707,757],{"class":756},[52,133709,90],{"class":66},[52,133711,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,133713,2347],{"class":58},[52,133715,63],{"class":62},[52,133717,768],{"class":756},[52,133719,2305],{"class":760},[52,133721,757],{"class":756},[52,133723,242],{"class":66},[52,133725,836],{"class":108},[52,133727,105],{"class":66},[52,133729,788],{"class":108},[52,133731,112],{"class":66},[52,133733,133734],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133735,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,133737,133738,133740,133742,133744],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,133739,118],{"class":101},[52,133741,105],{"class":66},[52,133743,2382],{"class":108},[52,133745,112],{"class":66},[52,133747,133748,133750,133752,133754],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,133749,118],{"class":101},[52,133751,105],{"class":66},[52,133753,788],{"class":108},[52,133755,112],{"class":66},[20,133757,311],{},[43,133759,133761],{"className":45,"code":133760,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133762,133763,133776],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133764,133765,133767,133769,133772,133774],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133766,13182],{"class":58},[52,133768,74],{"class":66},[52,133770,133771],{"class":58}," green",[52,133773,74],{"class":66},[52,133775,35980],{"class":58},[52,133777,133778,133780,133782,133784,133786,133788,133790,133792,133794,133796,133798,133800,133802],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,133779,3994],{"class":66},[52,133781,3406],{"class":756},[52,133783,13182],{"class":760},[52,133785,3406],{"class":756},[52,133787,74],{"class":66},[52,133789,3401],{"class":756},[52,133791,17549],{"class":760},[52,133793,3406],{"class":756},[52,133795,74],{"class":66},[52,133797,3401],{"class":756},[52,133799,13199],{"class":760},[52,133801,3406],{"class":756},[52,133803,90],{"class":66},[20,133805,133806,133807,133809],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133808,1465],{}," creates a new string.",[38,133811,181],{"id":180},[20,133813,7300],{},[43,133815,133817],{"className":45,"code":133816,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133818,133819],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133820,133821,133824,133826,133828,133830,133832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133822,133823],{"class":58},"separator",[52,133825,242],{"class":66},[52,133827,836],{"class":108},[52,133829,105],{"class":66},[52,133831,196],{"class":108},[52,133833,112],{"class":66},[461,133835,49093],{"id":49092},[153,133837,133838,133851,133856],{},[156,133839,133840,133842,133843,2305,133845,2305,133847,2309,133849],{},[15,133841,133823],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133844,133646],{},[15,133846,133652],{},[15,133848,133658],{},[15,133850,831],{},[156,133852,133853,133855],{},[15,133854,196],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[156,133857,133858],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133860,2324],{},[43,133862,133864],{"className":45,"code":133863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133865,133866,133898,133921,133925],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133867,133868,133870,133872,133874,133876,133878,133880,133882,133884,133886,133888,133890,133892,133894,133896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133869,5088],{"class":58},[52,133871,63],{"class":62},[52,133873,67],{"class":66},[52,133875,757],{"class":756},[52,133877,12969],{"class":760},[52,133879,757],{"class":756},[52,133881,74],{"class":66},[52,133883,768],{"class":756},[52,133885,36040],{"class":760},[52,133887,757],{"class":756},[52,133889,74],{"class":66},[52,133891,768],{"class":756},[52,133893,36049],{"class":760},[52,133895,757],{"class":756},[52,133897,90],{"class":66},[52,133899,133900,133902,133904,133906,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,133901,2347],{"class":58},[52,133903,63],{"class":62},[52,133905,768],{"class":756},[52,133907,133908],{"class":760}," | ",[52,133910,757],{"class":756},[52,133912,242],{"class":66},[52,133914,836],{"class":108},[52,133916,105],{"class":66},[52,133918,5132],{"class":108},[52,133920,112],{"class":66},[52,133922,133923],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,133924,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,133926,133927,133929,133931,133933],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,133928,118],{"class":101},[52,133930,105],{"class":66},[52,133932,2382],{"class":108},[52,133934,112],{"class":66},[20,133936,311],{},[43,133938,133940],{"className":45,"code":133939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133941,133942],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133943,133944,133947,133949,133952,133954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133945,133946],{"class":58},"Ana ",[52,133948,113929],{"class":62},[52,133950,133951],{"class":58}," Ben ",[52,133953,113929],{"class":62},[52,133955,36121],{"class":58},[20,133957,133958,133959,242],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[236,133960,125176],{"href":51059},[38,133962,121952],{"id":121951},[461,133964,133966],{"id":133965},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[43,133968,133970],{"className":45,"code":133969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133971,133972,134005,134025,134029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,133973,133974,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134001,134003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,133975,749],{"class":58},[52,133977,63],{"class":62},[52,133979,67],{"class":66},[52,133981,757],{"class":756},[52,133983,7379],{"class":760},[52,133985,757],{"class":756},[52,133987,74],{"class":66},[52,133989,768],{"class":756},[52,133991,12281],{"class":760},[52,133993,757],{"class":756},[52,133995,74],{"class":66},[52,133997,768],{"class":756},[52,133999,134000],{"class":760},"easy",[52,134002,757],{"class":756},[52,134004,90],{"class":66},[52,134006,134007,134009,134011,134013,134015,134017,134019,134021,134023],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134008,2347],{"class":58},[52,134010,63],{"class":62},[52,134012,768],{"class":756},[52,134014,768],{"class":756},[52,134016,242],{"class":66},[52,134018,836],{"class":108},[52,134020,105],{"class":66},[52,134022,788],{"class":108},[52,134024,112],{"class":66},[52,134026,134027],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134028,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,134030,134031,134033,134035,134037],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,134032,118],{"class":101},[52,134034,105],{"class":66},[52,134036,2382],{"class":108},[52,134038,112],{"class":66},[20,134040,311],{},[43,134042,134044],{"className":45,"code":134043,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python is easy\n",[15,134045,134046],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134047,134048,134050,134052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134049,13],{"class":58},[52,134051,12281],{"class":62},[52,134053,134054],{"class":58}," easy\n",[461,134056,134058],{"id":134057},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[43,134060,134062],{"className":45,"code":134061,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134063,134064,134099,134121,134125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134065,134066,134068,134070,134072,134074,134077,134079,134081,134083,134086,134088,134090,134092,134095,134097],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134067,7863],{"class":58},[52,134069,63],{"class":62},[52,134071,67],{"class":66},[52,134073,757],{"class":756},[52,134075,134076],{"class":760},"apples",[52,134078,757],{"class":756},[52,134080,74],{"class":66},[52,134082,768],{"class":756},[52,134084,134085],{"class":760},"bananas",[52,134087,757],{"class":756},[52,134089,74],{"class":66},[52,134091,768],{"class":756},[52,134093,134094],{"class":760},"oranges",[52,134096,757],{"class":756},[52,134098,90],{"class":66},[52,134100,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115,134117,134119],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134102,2347],{"class":58},[52,134104,63],{"class":62},[52,134106,768],{"class":756},[52,134108,2305],{"class":760},[52,134110,757],{"class":756},[52,134112,242],{"class":66},[52,134114,836],{"class":108},[52,134116,105],{"class":66},[52,134118,7894],{"class":108},[52,134120,112],{"class":66},[52,134122,134123],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134124,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,134126,134127,134129,134131,134133],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,134128,118],{"class":101},[52,134130,105],{"class":66},[52,134132,2382],{"class":108},[52,134134,112],{"class":66},[20,134136,311],{},[43,134138,134140],{"className":45,"code":134139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,134141,134142],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134143,134144,134146,134148,134151,134153],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134145,134076],{"class":58},[52,134147,74],{"class":66},[52,134149,134150],{"class":58}," bananas",[52,134152,74],{"class":66},[52,134154,134155],{"class":58}," oranges\n",[461,134157,134159],{"id":134158},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[43,134161,134163],{"className":45,"code":134162,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134164,134165,134221,134239,134243],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134166,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134177,134179,134181,134183,134185,134187,134189,134191,134193,134195,134197,134199,134201,134203,134205,134207,134209,134211,134213,134215,134217,134219],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134168,1387],{"class":58},[52,134170,63],{"class":62},[52,134172,67],{"class":66},[52,134174,757],{"class":756},[52,134176,1396],{"class":760},[52,134178,757],{"class":756},[52,134180,74],{"class":66},[52,134182,768],{"class":756},[52,134184,1405],{"class":760},[52,134186,757],{"class":756},[52,134188,74],{"class":66},[52,134190,768],{"class":756},[52,134192,1414],{"class":760},[52,134194,757],{"class":756},[52,134196,74],{"class":66},[52,134198,768],{"class":756},[52,134200,1423],{"class":760},[52,134202,757],{"class":756},[52,134204,74],{"class":66},[52,134206,768],{"class":756},[52,134208,1432],{"class":760},[52,134210,757],{"class":756},[52,134212,74],{"class":66},[52,134214,768],{"class":756},[52,134216,1441],{"class":760},[52,134218,757],{"class":756},[52,134220,90],{"class":66},[52,134222,134223,134225,134227,134229,134231,134233,134235,134237],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134224,2347],{"class":58},[52,134226,63],{"class":62},[52,134228,6212],{"class":756},[52,134230,242],{"class":66},[52,134232,836],{"class":108},[52,134234,105],{"class":66},[52,134236,1458],{"class":108},[52,134238,112],{"class":66},[52,134240,134241],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134242,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,134244,134245,134247,134249,134251],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,134246,118],{"class":101},[52,134248,105],{"class":66},[52,134250,2382],{"class":108},[52,134252,112],{"class":66},[20,134254,311],{},[43,134256,134257],{"className":45,"code":1550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,134258,134259],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134260,134261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134262,1550],{"class":58},[461,134264,134266,134267,134269],{"id":134265},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,134268,1465],{}," returns the result",[43,134271,134273],{"className":45,"code":134272,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,134274,134275,134308,134331,134335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134276,134277,134279,134281,134283,134285,134287,134289,134291,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301,134304,134306],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134278,749],{"class":58},[52,134280,63],{"class":62},[52,134282,67],{"class":66},[52,134284,757],{"class":756},[52,134286,6666],{"class":760},[52,134288,757],{"class":756},[52,134290,74],{"class":66},[52,134292,768],{"class":756},[52,134294,79344],{"class":760},[52,134296,757],{"class":756},[52,134298,74],{"class":66},[52,134300,768],{"class":756},[52,134302,134303],{"class":760},"three",[52,134305,757],{"class":756},[52,134307,90],{"class":66},[52,134309,134310,134313,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134311,134312],{"class":58},"joined_text ",[52,134314,63],{"class":62},[52,134316,768],{"class":756},[52,134318,2142],{"class":760},[52,134320,757],{"class":756},[52,134322,242],{"class":66},[52,134324,836],{"class":108},[52,134326,105],{"class":66},[52,134328,788],{"class":108},[52,134330,112],{"class":66},[52,134332,134333],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134334,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,134336,134337,134339,134341,134344],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,134338,118],{"class":101},[52,134340,105],{"class":66},[52,134342,134343],{"class":108},"joined_text",[52,134345,112],{"class":66},[20,134347,311],{},[43,134349,134351],{"className":45,"code":134350,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one-two-three\n",[15,134352,134353],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134354,134355,134357,134359,134361,134363],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134356,6666],{"class":58},[52,134358,2142],{"class":62},[52,134360,79344],{"class":58},[52,134362,2142],{"class":62},[52,134364,134365],{"class":58},"three\n",[38,134367,134369],{"id":134368},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,134371,134372],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[461,134374,134376,134379],{"id":134375},"join-adds-spaces",[15,134377,134378],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[43,134381,134383],{"className":45,"code":134382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,134384,134385,134409],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134386,134387,134389,134391,134393,134395,134397,134399,134401,134403,134405,134407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134388,749],{"class":58},[52,134390,63],{"class":62},[52,134392,67],{"class":66},[52,134394,757],{"class":756},[52,134396,761],{"class":760},[52,134398,757],{"class":756},[52,134400,74],{"class":66},[52,134402,768],{"class":756},[52,134404,771],{"class":760},[52,134406,757],{"class":756},[52,134408,90],{"class":66},[52,134410,134411,134413,134415,134417,134419,134421,134423,134425,134427],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134412,118],{"class":101},[52,134414,105],{"class":66},[52,134416,757],{"class":756},[52,134418,768],{"class":756},[52,134420,242],{"class":66},[52,134422,836],{"class":108},[52,134424,105],{"class":66},[52,134426,788],{"class":108},[52,134428,510],{"class":66},[20,134430,311],{},[43,134432,134434],{"className":45,"code":134433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n",[15,134435,134436],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134437,134438],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134439,134433],{"class":58},[461,134441,134443,134446],{"id":134442},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,134444,134445],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[43,134448,134450],{"className":45,"code":134449,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,134451,134452,134484],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134453,134454,134456,134458,134460,134462,134464,134466,134468,134470,134472,134474,134476,134478,134480,134482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134455,13165],{"class":58},[52,134457,63],{"class":62},[52,134459,67],{"class":66},[52,134461,757],{"class":756},[52,134463,13182],{"class":760},[52,134465,757],{"class":756},[52,134467,74],{"class":66},[52,134469,768],{"class":756},[52,134471,13199],{"class":760},[52,134473,757],{"class":756},[52,134475,74],{"class":66},[52,134477,768],{"class":756},[52,134479,17549],{"class":760},[52,134481,757],{"class":756},[52,134483,90],{"class":66},[52,134485,134486,134488,134490,134492,134494,134496,134498,134500,134502,134504],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134487,118],{"class":101},[52,134489,105],{"class":66},[52,134491,757],{"class":756},[52,134493,2305],{"class":760},[52,134495,757],{"class":756},[52,134497,242],{"class":66},[52,134499,836],{"class":108},[52,134501,105],{"class":66},[52,134503,17596],{"class":108},[52,134505,510],{"class":66},[20,134507,311],{},[43,134509,134511],{"className":45,"code":134510,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134512,134513],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134514,134515,134517,134519,134522,134524],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134516,13182],{"class":58},[52,134518,74],{"class":66},[52,134520,134521],{"class":58}," blue",[52,134523,74],{"class":66},[52,134525,35973],{"class":58},[20,134527,134528],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[461,134530,134532,134535],{"id":134531},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134533,134534],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[43,134537,134539],{"className":45,"code":134538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134540,134541,134573],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134542,134543,134545,134547,134549,134551,134553,134555,134557,134559,134561,134563,134565,134567,134569,134571],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134544,42920],{"class":58},[52,134546,63],{"class":62},[52,134548,67],{"class":66},[52,134550,757],{"class":756},[52,134552,47],{"class":760},[52,134554,757],{"class":756},[52,134556,74],{"class":66},[52,134558,768],{"class":756},[52,134560,61250],{"class":760},[52,134562,757],{"class":756},[52,134564,74],{"class":66},[52,134566,768],{"class":756},[52,134568,836],{"class":760},[52,134570,757],{"class":756},[52,134572,90],{"class":66},[52,134574,134575,134577,134579,134581,134583,134585,134587,134589,134591,134593],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134576,118],{"class":101},[52,134578,105],{"class":66},[52,134580,757],{"class":756},[52,134582,2142],{"class":760},[52,134584,757],{"class":756},[52,134586,242],{"class":66},[52,134588,836],{"class":108},[52,134590,105],{"class":66},[52,134592,42952],{"class":108},[52,134594,510],{"class":66},[20,134596,311],{},[43,134598,134600],{"className":45,"code":134599,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"python-string-join\n",[15,134601,134602],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134603,134604,134606,134608,134610,134612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134605,47],{"class":58},[52,134607,2142],{"class":62},[52,134609,61250],{"class":58},[52,134611,2142],{"class":62},[52,134613,134614],{"class":58},"join\n",[461,134616,134618,134621],{"id":134617},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134619,134620],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[43,134623,134625],{"className":45,"code":134624,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134626,134627,134660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134628,134629,134631,134633,134635,134637,134639,134641,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134656,134658],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134630,113002],{"class":58},[52,134632,63],{"class":62},[52,134634,67],{"class":66},[52,134636,757],{"class":756},[52,134638,22340],{"class":760},[52,134640,757],{"class":756},[52,134642,74],{"class":66},[52,134644,768],{"class":756},[52,134646,30695],{"class":760},[52,134648,757],{"class":756},[52,134650,74],{"class":66},[52,134652,768],{"class":756},[52,134654,134655],{"class":760},"C",[52,134657,757],{"class":756},[52,134659,90],{"class":66},[52,134661,134662,134664,134666,134668,134670,134672,134674,134677],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134663,118],{"class":101},[52,134665,105],{"class":66},[52,134667,831],{"class":756},[52,134669,242],{"class":66},[52,134671,836],{"class":108},[52,134673,105],{"class":66},[52,134675,134676],{"class":108},"chars",[52,134678,510],{"class":66},[20,134680,311],{},[43,134682,134684],{"className":45,"code":134683,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ABC\n",[15,134685,134686],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134687,134688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134689,134683],{"class":34550},[38,134691,134693],{"id":134692},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134695,134696,134698],{},[15,134697,1465],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[461,134700,134702],{"id":134701},"this-works","This works",[43,134704,134706],{"className":45,"code":134705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134707,134708,134740],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134709,134710,134712,134714,134716,134718,134720,134722,134724,134726,134728,134730,134732,134734,134736,134738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134711,474],{"class":58},[52,134713,63],{"class":62},[52,134715,67],{"class":66},[52,134717,757],{"class":756},[52,134719,430],{"class":760},[52,134721,757],{"class":756},[52,134723,74],{"class":66},[52,134725,768],{"class":756},[52,134727,15846],{"class":760},[52,134729,757],{"class":756},[52,134731,74],{"class":66},[52,134733,768],{"class":756},[52,134735,36935],{"class":760},[52,134737,757],{"class":756},[52,134739,90],{"class":66},[52,134741,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134743,118],{"class":101},[52,134745,105],{"class":66},[52,134747,757],{"class":756},[52,134749,2305],{"class":760},[52,134751,757],{"class":756},[52,134753,242],{"class":66},[52,134755,836],{"class":108},[52,134757,105],{"class":66},[52,134759,507],{"class":108},[52,134761,510],{"class":66},[20,134763,311],{},[43,134765,134767],{"className":45,"code":134766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134768,134769],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134770,134771,134773,134775,134777,134779],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134772,430],{"class":70},[52,134774,74],{"class":66},[52,134776,7874],{"class":70},[52,134778,74],{"class":66},[52,134780,134781],{"class":70}," 30\n",[461,134783,134785],{"id":134784},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[43,134787,134789],{"className":45,"code":134788,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134790,134791,134811],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134792,134793,134795,134797,134799,134801,134803,134805,134807,134809],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134794,474],{"class":58},[52,134796,63],{"class":62},[52,134798,67],{"class":66},[52,134800,71],{"class":70},[52,134802,74],{"class":66},[52,134804,77],{"class":70},[52,134806,74],{"class":66},[52,134808,82],{"class":70},[52,134810,90],{"class":66},[52,134812,134813,134815,134817,134819,134821,134823,134825,134827,134829,134831],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134814,118],{"class":101},[52,134816,105],{"class":66},[52,134818,757],{"class":756},[52,134820,2305],{"class":760},[52,134822,757],{"class":756},[52,134824,242],{"class":66},[52,134826,836],{"class":108},[52,134828,105],{"class":66},[52,134830,507],{"class":108},[52,134832,510],{"class":66},[20,134834,90379,134835,134837],{},[15,134836,1979],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134839,134840],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[43,134842,134844],{"className":45,"code":134843,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134845,134846,134866,134896,134900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134847,134848,134850,134852,134854,134856,134858,134860,134862,134864],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134849,474],{"class":58},[52,134851,63],{"class":62},[52,134853,67],{"class":66},[52,134855,71],{"class":70},[52,134857,74],{"class":66},[52,134859,77],{"class":70},[52,134861,74],{"class":66},[52,134863,82],{"class":70},[52,134865,90],{"class":66},[52,134867,134868,134870,134872,134874,134876,134878,134880,134882,134884,134886,134888,134890,134892,134894],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134869,2347],{"class":58},[52,134871,63],{"class":62},[52,134873,768],{"class":756},[52,134875,2305],{"class":760},[52,134877,757],{"class":756},[52,134879,242],{"class":66},[52,134881,836],{"class":108},[52,134883,105],{"class":66},[52,134885,39952],{"class":101},[52,134887,105],{"class":66},[52,134889,3550],{"class":1184},[52,134891,74],{"class":66},[52,134893,1205],{"class":108},[52,134895,510],{"class":66},[52,134897,134898],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,134899,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,134901,134902,134904,134906,134908],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,134903,118],{"class":101},[52,134905,105],{"class":66},[52,134907,2382],{"class":108},[52,134909,112],{"class":66},[20,134911,311],{},[43,134913,134915],{"className":45,"code":134914,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134916,134917],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134918,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134920,71],{"class":70},[52,134922,74],{"class":66},[52,134924,77],{"class":70},[52,134926,74],{"class":66},[52,134928,2691],{"class":70},[20,134930,134931,134932,242],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[236,134933,13,134934,1999],{"href":859},[15,134935,862],{},[461,134937,134939,134941],{"id":134938},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134940,3878],{}," values do not work directly",[43,134943,134945],{"className":45,"code":134944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134946,134947,134975],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,134948,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971,134973],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,134950,474],{"class":58},[52,134952,63],{"class":62},[52,134954,67],{"class":66},[52,134956,757],{"class":756},[52,134958,4171],{"class":760},[52,134960,757],{"class":756},[52,134962,74],{"class":66},[52,134964,3951],{"class":674},[52,134966,74],{"class":66},[52,134968,768],{"class":756},[52,134970,4180],{"class":760},[52,134972,757],{"class":756},[52,134974,90],{"class":66},[52,134976,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991,134993,134995],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,134978,118],{"class":101},[52,134980,105],{"class":66},[52,134982,757],{"class":756},[52,134984,2305],{"class":760},[52,134986,757],{"class":756},[52,134988,242],{"class":66},[52,134990,836],{"class":108},[52,134992,105],{"class":66},[52,134994,507],{"class":108},[52,134996,510],{"class":66},[20,134998,134999,135000,242],{},"This also causes a ",[15,135001,1979],{},[20,135003,135004],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[43,135006,135008],{"className":45,"code":135007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135009,135010,135038,135068,135072],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135011,135012,135014,135016,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135013,474],{"class":58},[52,135015,63],{"class":62},[52,135017,67],{"class":66},[52,135019,757],{"class":756},[52,135021,4171],{"class":760},[52,135023,757],{"class":756},[52,135025,74],{"class":66},[52,135027,3951],{"class":674},[52,135029,74],{"class":66},[52,135031,768],{"class":756},[52,135033,4180],{"class":760},[52,135035,757],{"class":756},[52,135037,90],{"class":66},[52,135039,135040,135042,135044,135046,135048,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064,135066],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135041,2347],{"class":58},[52,135043,63],{"class":62},[52,135045,768],{"class":756},[52,135047,2305],{"class":760},[52,135049,757],{"class":756},[52,135051,242],{"class":66},[52,135053,836],{"class":108},[52,135055,105],{"class":66},[52,135057,39952],{"class":101},[52,135059,105],{"class":66},[52,135061,3550],{"class":1184},[52,135063,74],{"class":66},[52,135065,1205],{"class":108},[52,135067,510],{"class":66},[52,135069,135070],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135071,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,135073,135074,135076,135078,135080],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,135075,118],{"class":101},[52,135077,105],{"class":66},[52,135079,2382],{"class":108},[52,135081,112],{"class":66},[20,135083,311],{},[43,135085,135087],{"className":45,"code":135086,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,135088,135089],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135090,135091,135093,135095,135097,135099],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135092,4171],{"class":58},[52,135094,74],{"class":66},[52,135096,3951],{"class":674},[52,135098,74],{"class":66},[52,135100,135101],{"class":58}," banana\n",[20,135103,135104,135105,135107],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,135106,3878],{}," values instead of converting them.",[461,135109,135111,135113],{"id":135110},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,135112,1465],{}," also works with tuples",[43,135115,135117],{"className":45,"code":135116,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,135118,135119,135151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135120,135121,135123,135125,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141,135143,135145,135147,135149],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135122,5088],{"class":58},[52,135124,63],{"class":62},[52,135126,9321],{"class":66},[52,135128,757],{"class":756},[52,135130,7760],{"class":760},[52,135132,757],{"class":756},[52,135134,74],{"class":66},[52,135136,768],{"class":756},[52,135138,131509],{"class":760},[52,135140,757],{"class":756},[52,135142,74],{"class":66},[52,135144,768],{"class":756},[52,135146,8006],{"class":760},[52,135148,757],{"class":756},[52,135150,112],{"class":66},[52,135152,135153,135155,135157,135159,135162,135164,135166,135168,135170,135172],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135154,118],{"class":101},[52,135156,105],{"class":66},[52,135158,757],{"class":756},[52,135160,135161],{"class":760}," \u002F ",[52,135163,757],{"class":756},[52,135165,242],{"class":66},[52,135167,836],{"class":108},[52,135169,105],{"class":66},[52,135171,5132],{"class":108},[52,135173,510],{"class":66},[20,135175,311],{},[43,135177,135179],{"className":45,"code":135178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,135180,135181],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135182,135183,135186,135188,135191,135193],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135184,135185],{"class":58},"Sam ",[52,135187,127313],{"class":62},[52,135189,135190],{"class":58}," Lee ",[52,135192,127313],{"class":62},[52,135194,22429],{"class":58},[38,135196,135198,135199],{"id":135197},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,135200,1465],{},[20,135202,135203],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[461,135205,135207,135208,135210],{"id":135206},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,135209,1979],{}," because not all items are strings",[43,135212,135214],{"className":45,"code":135213,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,135215,135216,135244],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135217,135218,135220,135222,135224,135226,135228,135230,135232,135234,135236,135238,135240,135242],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135219,7863],{"class":58},[52,135221,63],{"class":62},[52,135223,67],{"class":66},[52,135225,757],{"class":756},[52,135227,236],{"class":760},[52,135229,757],{"class":756},[52,135231,74],{"class":66},[52,135233,77],{"class":70},[52,135235,74],{"class":66},[52,135237,768],{"class":756},[52,135239,9825],{"class":760},[52,135241,757],{"class":756},[52,135243,90],{"class":66},[52,135245,135246,135248,135250,135252,135254,135256,135258,135260,135262],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135247,118],{"class":101},[52,135249,105],{"class":66},[52,135251,757],{"class":756},[52,135253,768],{"class":756},[52,135255,242],{"class":66},[52,135257,836],{"class":108},[52,135259,105],{"class":66},[52,135261,7894],{"class":108},[52,135263,510],{"class":66},[20,135265,48593,135266,135268],{},[15,135267,440],{}," is an integer.",[20,135270,39354],{},[43,135272,135274],{"className":45,"code":135273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,135275,135276,135304],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135277,135278,135280,135282,135284,135286,135288,135290,135292,135294,135296,135298,135300,135302],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135279,7863],{"class":58},[52,135281,63],{"class":62},[52,135283,67],{"class":66},[52,135285,757],{"class":756},[52,135287,236],{"class":760},[52,135289,757],{"class":756},[52,135291,74],{"class":66},[52,135293,77],{"class":70},[52,135295,74],{"class":66},[52,135297,768],{"class":756},[52,135299,9825],{"class":760},[52,135301,757],{"class":756},[52,135303,90],{"class":66},[52,135305,135306,135308,135310,135312,135314,135316,135318,135320,135322,135324,135326,135328,135330],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135307,118],{"class":101},[52,135309,105],{"class":66},[52,135311,757],{"class":756},[52,135313,768],{"class":756},[52,135315,242],{"class":66},[52,135317,836],{"class":108},[52,135319,105],{"class":66},[52,135321,39952],{"class":101},[52,135323,105],{"class":66},[52,135325,3550],{"class":1184},[52,135327,74],{"class":66},[52,135329,6053],{"class":108},[52,135331,622],{"class":66},[20,135333,135334,135335,242],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[236,135336,25774,135337],{"href":1562},[15,135338,135339],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[461,135341,135343,135344,135346],{"id":135342},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,135345,1465],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,135348,1005],{},[43,135350,135352],{"className":45,"code":135351,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,135353,135354,135386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135355,135356,135358,135360,135362,135364,135366,135368,135370,135372,135374,135376,135378,135380,135382,135384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135357,749],{"class":58},[52,135359,63],{"class":62},[52,135361,67],{"class":66},[52,135363,757],{"class":756},[52,135365,7379],{"class":760},[52,135367,757],{"class":756},[52,135369,74],{"class":66},[52,135371,768],{"class":756},[52,135373,12281],{"class":760},[52,135375,757],{"class":756},[52,135377,74],{"class":66},[52,135379,768],{"class":756},[52,135381,133560],{"class":760},[52,135383,757],{"class":756},[52,135385,90],{"class":66},[52,135387,135388,135390,135392,135394,135396,135398,135400,135402,135404],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135389,2347],{"class":58},[52,135391,63],{"class":62},[52,135393,6254],{"class":58},[52,135395,242],{"class":66},[52,135397,836],{"class":108},[52,135399,105],{"class":66},[52,135401,757],{"class":756},[52,135403,768],{"class":756},[52,135405,112],{"class":66},[20,135407,135408,135410],{},[15,135409,1465],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,135412,10895],{},[43,135414,135416],{"className":45,"code":135415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135417,135418,135450,135470,135474],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135419,135420,135422,135424,135426,135428,135430,135432,135434,135436,135438,135440,135442,135444,135446,135448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135421,749],{"class":58},[52,135423,63],{"class":62},[52,135425,67],{"class":66},[52,135427,757],{"class":756},[52,135429,7379],{"class":760},[52,135431,757],{"class":756},[52,135433,74],{"class":66},[52,135435,768],{"class":756},[52,135437,12281],{"class":760},[52,135439,757],{"class":756},[52,135441,74],{"class":66},[52,135443,768],{"class":756},[52,135445,133560],{"class":760},[52,135447,757],{"class":756},[52,135449,90],{"class":66},[52,135451,135452,135454,135456,135458,135460,135462,135464,135466,135468],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135453,2347],{"class":58},[52,135455,63],{"class":62},[52,135457,768],{"class":756},[52,135459,768],{"class":756},[52,135461,242],{"class":66},[52,135463,836],{"class":108},[52,135465,105],{"class":66},[52,135467,788],{"class":108},[52,135469,112],{"class":66},[52,135471,135472],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135473,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,135475,135476,135478,135480,135482],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,135477,118],{"class":101},[52,135479,105],{"class":66},[52,135481,2382],{"class":108},[52,135483,112],{"class":66},[461,135485,135487],{"id":135486},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[43,135489,135491],{"className":45,"code":135490,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135492,135493,135525],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135494,135495,135497,135499,135501,135503,135505,135507,135509,135511,135513,135515,135517,135519,135521,135523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135496,749],{"class":58},[52,135498,63],{"class":62},[52,135500,67],{"class":66},[52,135502,757],{"class":756},[52,135504,6666],{"class":760},[52,135506,757],{"class":756},[52,135508,74],{"class":66},[52,135510,768],{"class":756},[52,135512,79344],{"class":760},[52,135514,757],{"class":756},[52,135516,74],{"class":66},[52,135518,768],{"class":756},[52,135520,134303],{"class":760},[52,135522,757],{"class":756},[52,135524,90],{"class":66},[52,135526,135527,135529,135531,135533,135535,135537,135539,135541],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135528,118],{"class":101},[52,135530,105],{"class":66},[52,135532,831],{"class":756},[52,135534,242],{"class":66},[52,135536,836],{"class":108},[52,135538,105],{"class":66},[52,135540,788],{"class":108},[52,135542,510],{"class":66},[20,135544,311],{},[43,135546,135548],{"className":45,"code":135547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"onetwothree\n",[15,135549,135550],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135551,135552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135553,135547],{"class":58},[20,135555,135556,135557,6712],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135558,133646],{},[461,135560,135562,135563,131771],{"id":135561},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135564,1465],{},[43,135566,135568],{"className":45,"code":135567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135569,135570,135602,135620,135624],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135571,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588,135590,135592,135594,135596,135598,135600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135573,749],{"class":58},[52,135575,63],{"class":62},[52,135577,67],{"class":66},[52,135579,757],{"class":756},[52,135581,236],{"class":760},[52,135583,757],{"class":756},[52,135585,74],{"class":66},[52,135587,768],{"class":756},[52,135589,4853],{"class":760},[52,135591,757],{"class":756},[52,135593,74],{"class":66},[52,135595,768],{"class":756},[52,135597,9825],{"class":760},[52,135599,757],{"class":756},[52,135601,90],{"class":66},[52,135603,135604,135606,135608,135610,135612,135614,135616,135618],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135605,757],{"class":43412},[52,135607,2142],{"class":43416},[52,135609,757],{"class":43412},[52,135611,242],{"class":66},[52,135613,836],{"class":108},[52,135615,105],{"class":66},[52,135617,788],{"class":108},[52,135619,112],{"class":66},[52,135621,135622],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135623,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,135625,135626,135628,135630,135632],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,135627,118],{"class":101},[52,135629,105],{"class":66},[52,135631,788],{"class":108},[52,135633,112],{"class":66},[20,135635,311],{},[43,135637,135638],{"className":45,"code":42959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,135639,135640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135641,135642,135644,135646,135648,135650,135652,135654,135656,135658,135660,135662,135664,135666],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135643,3994],{"class":66},[52,135645,3406],{"class":756},[52,135647,236],{"class":760},[52,135649,3406],{"class":756},[52,135651,74],{"class":66},[52,135653,3401],{"class":756},[52,135655,4853],{"class":760},[52,135657,3406],{"class":756},[52,135659,74],{"class":66},[52,135661,3401],{"class":756},[52,135663,9825],{"class":760},[52,135665,3406],{"class":756},[52,135667,90],{"class":66},[20,135669,135670,135671,135673],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135672,1465],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[38,135675,135677,135679,135680],{"id":135676},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135678,1465],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135681,2179],{},[20,135683,10677,135684,652,135686,135688],{},[15,135685,1465],{},[15,135687,2179],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[461,135690,133,135692,135694],{"id":135691},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135693,2179],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[43,135696,135698],{"className":45,"code":135697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135699,135700,135713,135726,135746,135750],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135701,135702,135705,135707,135709,135711],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135703,135704],{"class":58},"first ",[52,135706,63],{"class":62},[52,135708,768],{"class":756},[52,135710,34965],{"class":760},[52,135712,3465],{"class":756},[52,135714,135715,135718,135720,135722,135724],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135716,135717],{"class":58},"second ",[52,135719,63],{"class":62},[52,135721,768],{"class":756},[52,135723,89811],{"class":760},[52,135725,3465],{"class":756},[52,135727,135728,135730,135732,135735,135737,135739,135741,135743],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135729,2347],{"class":58},[52,135731,63],{"class":62},[52,135733,135734],{"class":58}," first ",[52,135736,2179],{"class":62},[52,135738,768],{"class":756},[52,135740,768],{"class":756},[52,135742,2570],{"class":62},[52,135744,135745],{"class":58}," second\n",[52,135747,135748],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,135749,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,135751,135752,135754,135756,135758],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,135753,118],{"class":101},[52,135755,105],{"class":66},[52,135757,2382],{"class":108},[52,135759,112],{"class":66},[20,135761,311],{},[43,135763,135765],{"className":45,"code":135764,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Hello World\n",[15,135766,135767],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135768,135769],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135770,135764],{"class":58},[461,135772,133,135774,135776],{"id":135773},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135775,1465],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[43,135778,135780],{"className":45,"code":135779,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135781,135782,135824,135844,135848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135783,135784,135786,135788,135790,135792,135794,135796,135798,135800,135803,135805,135807,135809,135812,135814,135816,135818,135820,135822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135785,749],{"class":58},[52,135787,63],{"class":62},[52,135789,67],{"class":66},[52,135791,757],{"class":756},[52,135793,7379],{"class":760},[52,135795,757],{"class":756},[52,135797,74],{"class":66},[52,135799,768],{"class":756},[52,135801,135802],{"class":760},"makes",[52,135804,757],{"class":756},[52,135806,74],{"class":66},[52,135808,768],{"class":756},[52,135810,135811],{"class":760},"this",[52,135813,757],{"class":756},[52,135815,74],{"class":66},[52,135817,768],{"class":756},[52,135819,134000],{"class":760},[52,135821,757],{"class":756},[52,135823,90],{"class":66},[52,135825,135826,135828,135830,135832,135834,135836,135838,135840,135842],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135827,2347],{"class":58},[52,135829,63],{"class":62},[52,135831,768],{"class":756},[52,135833,768],{"class":756},[52,135835,242],{"class":66},[52,135837,836],{"class":108},[52,135839,105],{"class":66},[52,135841,788],{"class":108},[52,135843,112],{"class":66},[52,135845,135846],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135847,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,135849,135850,135852,135854,135856],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,135851,118],{"class":101},[52,135853,105],{"class":66},[52,135855,2382],{"class":108},[52,135857,112],{"class":66},[20,135859,311],{},[43,135861,135863],{"className":45,"code":135862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135864,135865],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135866,135867],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135868,135862],{"class":58},[20,135870,135871,135873],{},[15,135872,1465],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[153,135875,135876,135879,135882],{},[156,135877,135878],{},"You already have a list of strings",[156,135880,135881],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[156,135883,135884,135885,135887],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135886,2179],{}," operators",[20,135889,135890,135891,242],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[236,135892,135894],{"href":135893},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[38,135896,135898],{"id":135897},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135900,1800,135901,135903],{},[15,135902,1465],{}," is not working, check these first:",[153,135905,135906,135909,135914,135923,135929],{},[156,135907,135908],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[156,135910,135911,135912],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135913,3878],{},[156,135915,135916,135917,11180,135920],{},"You may have written ",[15,135918,135919],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135921,135922],{},"string.join(...)",[156,135924,135925,135926,135928],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135927,1465],{}," to change the original iterable",[156,135930,135931],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135933,94448],{},[43,135935,135937],{"className":45,"code":135936,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135938,135939,135953,135963,135987,136027],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,135940,135941,135943,135945,135947,135949,135951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,135942,118],{"class":101},[52,135944,105],{"class":66},[52,135946,1827],{"class":1184},[52,135948,105],{"class":66},[52,135950,7894],{"class":108},[52,135952,510],{"class":66},[52,135954,135955,135957,135959,135961],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,135956,118],{"class":101},[52,135958,105],{"class":66},[52,135960,7894],{"class":108},[52,135962,112],{"class":66},[52,135964,135965,135967,135969,135971,135973,135975,135977,135979,135981,135983,135985],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,135966,118],{"class":101},[52,135968,1058],{"class":66},[52,135970,1827],{"class":1184},[52,135972,105],{"class":66},[52,135974,23406],{"class":108},[52,135976,126],{"class":66},[52,135978,1196],{"class":1195},[52,135980,6048],{"class":108},[52,135982,1202],{"class":1195},[52,135984,6053],{"class":108},[52,135986,1858],{"class":66},[52,135988,135989,135991,135993,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007,136009,136011,136013,136015,136017,136019,136021,136023,136025],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,135990,118],{"class":101},[52,135992,105],{"class":66},[52,135994,3406],{"class":756},[52,135996,3401],{"class":756},[52,135998,242],{"class":66},[52,136000,836],{"class":108},[52,136002,1058],{"class":66},[52,136004,3406],{"class":756},[52,136006,236],{"class":760},[52,136008,3406],{"class":756},[52,136010,74],{"class":66},[52,136012,3401],{"class":756},[52,136014,4853],{"class":760},[52,136016,3406],{"class":756},[52,136018,74],{"class":66},[52,136020,3401],{"class":756},[52,136022,9825],{"class":760},[52,136024,3406],{"class":756},[52,136026,1063],{"class":66},[52,136028,136029,136031,136033,136035,136037,136039,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049,136051,136053,136055,136057,136059,136061,136063,136065],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,136030,118],{"class":101},[52,136032,105],{"class":66},[52,136034,3406],{"class":756},[52,136036,2305],{"class":760},[52,136038,3406],{"class":756},[52,136040,242],{"class":66},[52,136042,836],{"class":108},[52,136044,105],{"class":66},[52,136046,39952],{"class":101},[52,136048,105],{"class":66},[52,136050,3550],{"class":1184},[52,136052,74],{"class":66},[52,136054,67],{"class":66},[52,136056,71],{"class":70},[52,136058,74],{"class":66},[52,136060,77],{"class":70},[52,136062,74],{"class":66},[52,136064,82],{"class":70},[52,136066,37359],{"class":66},[20,136068,1889],{},[153,136070,136071,136079,136085,136090,136099],{},[156,136072,136073,136076,136077,8182],{},[15,136074,136075],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,136078,7894],{},[156,136080,136081,136084],{},[15,136082,136083],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[156,136086,136087,1909],{},[15,136088,136089],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])",[156,136091,136092,136095,136096,136098],{},[15,136093,136094],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,136097,1465],{}," behavior",[156,136100,136101,136104],{},[15,136102,136103],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[38,136106,1919],{"id":1918},[461,136108,12792,136110,136112],{"id":136109},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,136111,1465],{}," work with numbers?",[20,136114,136115,136116,136118,136119,242],{},"Not directly. ",[15,136117,1465],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,136120,136121],{},"map(str, values)",[461,136123,12792,136125,57243],{"id":136124},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,136126,1465],{},[20,136128,136129],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[461,136131,28423,136133,62711],{"id":136132},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,136134,1465],{},[20,136136,42238,136137,136139],{},[15,136138,1465],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[461,136141,1923,136143,40053],{"id":136142},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,136144,136145],{},"''.join(words)",[20,136147,136148],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[461,136150,136152,136153,136155,136156,1963],{"id":136151},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,136154,1979],{}," when using ",[15,136157,1465],{},[20,136159,136160],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[38,136162,1986],{"id":1985},[153,136164,136165,136170,136176,136182,136188],{},[156,136166,136167],{},[236,136168,136169],{"href":135893},"How to join strings in Python",[156,136171,136172],{},[236,136173,126421,136174,10828],{"href":129108},[15,136175,60609],{},[156,136177,136178],{},[236,136179,13,136180,1999],{"href":859},[15,136181,862],{},[156,136183,136184],{},[236,136185,30442,136186],{"href":1562},[15,136187,135339],{},[156,136189,136190],{},[236,136191,125176],{"href":51059},[20,136193,97418,136194,136196],{},[15,136195,1465],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[2029,136198,136199],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":136201},[136202,136203,136205,136208,136215,136225,136233,136243,136250,136251,136263],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":133618,"depth":93,"text":136204},"What join() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":136206},[136207],{"id":49092,"depth":115,"text":49093},{"id":121951,"depth":93,"text":121952,"children":136209},[136210,136211,136212,136213],{"id":133965,"depth":115,"text":133966},{"id":134057,"depth":115,"text":134058},{"id":134158,"depth":115,"text":134159},{"id":134265,"depth":115,"text":136214},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":134368,"depth":93,"text":134369,"children":136216},[136217,136219,136221,136223],{"id":134375,"depth":115,"text":136218},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":134442,"depth":115,"text":136220},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134531,"depth":115,"text":136222},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134617,"depth":115,"text":136224},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134692,"depth":93,"text":134693,"children":136226},[136227,136228,136229,136231],{"id":134701,"depth":115,"text":134702},{"id":134784,"depth":115,"text":134785},{"id":134938,"depth":115,"text":136230},"None values do not work directly",{"id":135110,"depth":115,"text":136232},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":135197,"depth":93,"text":136234,"children":136235},"Common errors with join()",[136236,136238,136240,136241],{"id":135206,"depth":115,"text":136237},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":135342,"depth":115,"text":136239},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135486,"depth":115,"text":135487},{"id":135561,"depth":115,"text":136242},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135676,"depth":93,"text":136244,"children":136245},"join() vs concatenation with +",[136246,136248],{"id":135691,"depth":115,"text":136247},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135773,"depth":115,"text":136249},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135897,"depth":93,"text":135898},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":136252},[136253,136255,136257,136259,136261],{"id":136109,"depth":115,"text":136254},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":136124,"depth":115,"text":136256},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":136132,"depth":115,"text":136258},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":136142,"depth":115,"text":136260},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":136151,"depth":115,"text":136262},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133495,"description":136264},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":136271,"title":136272,"body":136273,"description":137841,"extension":2083,"meta":137842,"navigation":296,"path":137843,"seo":137844,"stem":137845,"__hash__":137846},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":136274,"toc":137808},[136275,136280,136285,136287,136301,136346,136353,136358,136363,136365,136381,136390,136392,136394,136409,136411,136421,136423,136485,136487,136490,136551,136553,136569,136571,136584,136587,136634,136636,136642,136645,136648,136708,136716,136802,136806,136811,136813,136827,136830,136915,136918,136976,136987,137042,137044,137051,137057,137063,137107,137110,137157,137159,137161,137168,137170,137201,137204,137206,137237,137241,137244,137246,137286,137288,137331,137337,137342,137344,137371,137376,137379,137428,137432,137435,137510,137521,137524,137581,137588,137594,137602,137607,137614,137621,137639,137641,137695,137703,137705,137710,137713,137719,137725,137730,137733,137739,137745,137752,137760,137762,137805],[10,136276,123421,136278,11411],{"id":136277},"python-string-lower-method",[15,136279,124151],{},[20,136281,123426,136282,136284],{},[15,136283,124151],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,136286,24183],{},[153,136288,136289,136292,136295,136298],{},[156,136290,136291],{},"convert text to lowercase",[156,136293,136294],{},"compare text without case differences",[156,136296,136297],{},"clean up user input",[156,136299,136300],{},"make simple text matching easier",[43,136302,136304],{"className":45,"code":136303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,136305,136306,136319,136333],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136307,136308,136310,136312,136314,136317],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136309,34785],{"class":58},[52,136311,63],{"class":62},[52,136313,768],{"class":756},[52,136315,136316],{"class":760},"Hello WORLD",[52,136318,3465],{"class":756},[52,136320,136321,136323,136325,136327,136329,136331],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136322,2347],{"class":58},[52,136324,63],{"class":62},[52,136326,42925],{"class":58},[52,136328,242],{"class":66},[52,136330,8726],{"class":108},[52,136332,8729],{"class":66},[52,136334,136335,136337,136339,136341,136343],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136336,118],{"class":101},[52,136338,105],{"class":66},[52,136340,2382],{"class":108},[52,136342,126],{"class":66},[52,136344,136345],{"class":129},"  # hello world\n",[20,136347,136348,89034,136350,136352],{},[3842,136349,83892],{},[15,136351,124151],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[38,136354,140,136356,143],{"id":136355},"what-lower-does",[15,136357,124151],{},[20,136359,136360,136362],{},[15,136361,124151],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,136364,13141],{},[153,136366,136367,136372,136375,136378],{},[156,136368,136369,136371],{},[15,136370,124151],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[156,136373,136374],{},"It works on string objects",[156,136376,136377],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[156,136379,136380],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,136382,125173,136383,136387,136388,242],{},[236,136384,136386],{"href":136385},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[236,136389,51060],{"href":51059},[38,136391,181],{"id":180},[20,136393,2277],{},[43,136395,136397],{"className":45,"code":136396,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.lower()\n",[15,136398,136399],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136400,136401,136403,136405,136407],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136402,61250],{"class":58},[52,136404,242],{"class":66},[52,136406,8726],{"class":108},[52,136408,8729],{"class":66},[20,136410,43734],{},[153,136412,136413,136415,136418],{},[156,136414,97596],{},[156,136416,136417],{},"You call it directly on a string",[156,136419,136420],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,136422,2324],{},[43,136424,136426],{"className":45,"code":136425,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,136427,136428,136451,136455,136468],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136429,136430,136432,136434,136436,136439,136441,136443,136445,136448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136431,118],{"class":101},[52,136433,105],{"class":66},[52,136435,757],{"class":756},[52,136437,136438],{"class":760},"HELLO",[52,136440,757],{"class":756},[52,136442,242],{"class":66},[52,136444,8726],{"class":108},[52,136446,136447],{"class":66},"())",[52,136449,136450],{"class":129},"  # hello\n",[52,136452,136453],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136454,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,136456,136457,136459,136461,136463,136466],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136458,7961],{"class":58},[52,136460,63],{"class":62},[52,136462,768],{"class":756},[52,136464,136465],{"class":760},"PyThOn",[52,136467,3465],{"class":756},[52,136469,136470,136472,136474,136476,136478,136480,136482],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,136471,118],{"class":101},[52,136473,105],{"class":66},[52,136475,7751],{"class":108},[52,136477,242],{"class":66},[52,136479,8726],{"class":108},[52,136481,136447],{"class":66},[52,136483,136484],{"class":129},"  # python\n",[38,136486,246],{"id":245},[20,136488,136489],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[43,136491,136493],{"className":45,"code":136492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136494,136495,136507,136511,136526,136530,136541],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136496,136497,136499,136501,136503,136505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136498,34785],{"class":58},[52,136500,63],{"class":62},[52,136502,768],{"class":756},[52,136504,136316],{"class":760},[52,136506,3465],{"class":756},[52,136508,136509],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136510,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,136512,136513,136516,136518,136520,136522,136524],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136514,136515],{"class":58},"lower_text ",[52,136517,63],{"class":62},[52,136519,42925],{"class":58},[52,136521,242],{"class":66},[52,136523,8726],{"class":108},[52,136525,8729],{"class":66},[52,136527,136528],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,136529,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,136531,136532,136534,136536,136539],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,136533,118],{"class":101},[52,136535,105],{"class":66},[52,136537,136538],{"class":108},"lower_text",[52,136540,112],{"class":66},[52,136542,136543,136545,136547,136549],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,136544,118],{"class":101},[52,136546,105],{"class":66},[52,136548,34806],{"class":108},[52,136550,112],{"class":66},[20,136552,311],{},[43,136554,136556],{"className":45,"code":136555,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136557,136558,136562],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136559,136560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136561,134433],{"class":58},[52,136563,136564,136566],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136565,131837],{"class":58},[52,136567,136568],{"class":34550},"WORLD\n",[20,136570,24703],{},[153,136572,136573,136578],{},[156,136574,136575,136577],{},[15,136576,124151],{}," returns the lowercase result",[156,136579,136580,136581,136583],{},"the original ",[15,136582,34806],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136585,136586],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[43,136588,136590],{"className":45,"code":136589,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136591,136592,136604,136618,136622],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136593,136594,136596,136598,136600,136602],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136595,34785],{"class":58},[52,136597,63],{"class":62},[52,136599,768],{"class":756},[52,136601,136316],{"class":760},[52,136603,3465],{"class":756},[52,136605,136606,136608,136610,136612,136614,136616],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136607,34785],{"class":58},[52,136609,63],{"class":62},[52,136611,42925],{"class":58},[52,136613,242],{"class":66},[52,136615,8726],{"class":108},[52,136617,8729],{"class":66},[52,136619,136620],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136621,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,136623,136624,136626,136628,136630,136632],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,136625,118],{"class":101},[52,136627,105],{"class":66},[52,136629,34806],{"class":108},[52,136631,126],{"class":66},[52,136633,136345],{"class":129},[38,136635,17512],{"id":17511},[20,136637,136638,22070,136640,242],{},[15,136639,124151],{},[3842,136641,61250],{},[20,136643,136644],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136646,136647],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[43,136649,136651],{"className":45,"code":136650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136652,136653,136667,136671,136694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136654,136655,136658,136660,136662,136665],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136656,136657],{"class":58},"answer ",[52,136659,63],{"class":62},[52,136661,768],{"class":756},[52,136663,136664],{"class":760},"YES",[52,136666,3465],{"class":756},[52,136668,136669],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136670,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,136672,136673,136675,136678,136680,136682,136684,136686,136688,136690,136692],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136674,7079],{"class":1195},[52,136676,136677],{"class":58}," answer",[52,136679,242],{"class":66},[52,136681,8726],{"class":108},[52,136683,7448],{"class":66},[52,136685,6492],{"class":62},[52,136687,768],{"class":756},[52,136689,8744],{"class":760},[52,136691,757],{"class":756},[52,136693,1689],{"class":66},[52,136695,136696,136698,136700,136702,136704,136706],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,136697,8154],{"class":101},[52,136699,105],{"class":66},[52,136701,757],{"class":756},[52,136703,96905],{"class":760},[52,136705,757],{"class":756},[52,136707,112],{"class":66},[20,136709,136710,136711,1772],{},"This is especially useful with ",[236,136712,136713,136714,2421],{"href":8305},"the ",[15,136715,3067],{},[43,136717,136719],{"className":45,"code":136718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136720,136721,136740,136744,136766,136781,136787],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136722,136723,136725,136727,136729,136731,136733,136736,136738],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136724,136657],{"class":58},[52,136726,63],{"class":62},[52,136728,8328],{"class":101},[52,136730,105],{"class":66},[52,136732,757],{"class":756},[52,136734,136735],{"class":760},"Type yes or no: ",[52,136737,757],{"class":756},[52,136739,112],{"class":66},[52,136741,136742],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136743,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,136745,136746,136748,136750,136752,136754,136756,136758,136760,136762,136764],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136747,7079],{"class":1195},[52,136749,136677],{"class":58},[52,136751,242],{"class":66},[52,136753,8726],{"class":108},[52,136755,7448],{"class":66},[52,136757,6492],{"class":62},[52,136759,768],{"class":756},[52,136761,8744],{"class":760},[52,136763,757],{"class":756},[52,136765,1689],{"class":66},[52,136767,136768,136770,136772,136774,136777,136779],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,136769,8154],{"class":101},[52,136771,105],{"class":66},[52,136773,757],{"class":756},[52,136775,136776],{"class":760},"You typed yes",[52,136778,757],{"class":756},[52,136780,112],{"class":66},[52,136782,136783,136785],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,136784,27528],{"class":1195},[52,136786,1689],{"class":66},[52,136788,136789,136791,136793,136795,136798,136800],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,136790,8154],{"class":101},[52,136792,105],{"class":66},[52,136794,757],{"class":756},[52,136796,136797],{"class":760},"You typed something else",[52,136799,757],{"class":756},[52,136801,112],{"class":66},[38,136803,136805],{"id":136804},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136807,136808,136810],{},[15,136809,124151],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136812,7425],{},[153,136814,136815,136818,136821,136824],{},[156,136816,136817],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[156,136819,136820],{},"Make text matching easier",[156,136822,136823],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[156,136825,136826],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136828,136829],{},"Example: checking user input",[43,136831,136833],{"className":45,"code":136832,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136834,136835,136853,136857,136879,136894,136900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136836,136837,136839,136841,136843,136845,136847,136849,136851],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136838,45043],{"class":58},[52,136840,63],{"class":62},[52,136842,8328],{"class":101},[52,136844,105],{"class":66},[52,136846,757],{"class":756},[52,136848,45054],{"class":760},[52,136850,757],{"class":756},[52,136852,112],{"class":66},[52,136854,136855],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136856,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,136858,136859,136861,136863,136865,136867,136869,136871,136873,136875,136877],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136860,7079],{"class":1195},[52,136862,35950],{"class":58},[52,136864,242],{"class":66},[52,136866,8726],{"class":108},[52,136868,7448],{"class":66},[52,136870,6492],{"class":62},[52,136872,768],{"class":756},[52,136874,13199],{"class":760},[52,136876,757],{"class":756},[52,136878,1689],{"class":66},[52,136880,136881,136883,136885,136887,136890,136892],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,136882,8154],{"class":101},[52,136884,105],{"class":66},[52,136886,757],{"class":756},[52,136888,136889],{"class":760},"Nice choice!",[52,136891,757],{"class":756},[52,136893,112],{"class":66},[52,136895,136896,136898],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,136897,27528],{"class":1195},[52,136899,1689],{"class":66},[52,136901,136902,136904,136906,136908,136911,136913],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,136903,8154],{"class":101},[52,136905,105],{"class":66},[52,136907,757],{"class":756},[52,136909,136910],{"class":760},"Got it.",[52,136912,757],{"class":756},[52,136914,112],{"class":66},[20,136916,136917],{},"Example: simple search",[43,136919,136921],{"className":45,"code":136920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136922,136923,136936,136940,136961],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136924,136925,136927,136929,136931,136934],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136926,90078],{"class":58},[52,136928,63],{"class":62},[52,136930,768],{"class":756},[52,136932,136933],{"class":760},"Python Is Fun",[52,136935,3465],{"class":756},[52,136937,136938],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,136939,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,136941,136942,136944,136946,136948,136950,136952,136955,136957,136959],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,136943,7079],{"class":1195},[52,136945,768],{"class":756},[52,136947,47],{"class":760},[52,136949,757],{"class":756},[52,136951,21268],{"class":62},[52,136953,136954],{"class":58}," message",[52,136956,242],{"class":66},[52,136958,8726],{"class":108},[52,136960,21690],{"class":66},[52,136962,136963,136965,136967,136969,136972,136974],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,136964,8154],{"class":101},[52,136966,105],{"class":66},[52,136968,757],{"class":756},[52,136970,136971],{"class":760},"Found it",[52,136973,757],{"class":756},[52,136975,112],{"class":66},[20,136977,136978,136979,136981,136982,1772],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136980,124151],{}," is often used with ",[236,136983,136985],{"href":136984},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136986,41739],{},[43,136988,136990],{"className":45,"code":136989,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136991,136992,137005,137024,137028],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,136993,136994,136996,136998,137000,137003],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,136995,7961],{"class":58},[52,136997,63],{"class":62},[52,136999,768],{"class":756},[52,137001,137002],{"class":760},"  ALICE  ",[52,137004,3465],{"class":756},[52,137006,137007,137010,137012,137014,137016,137018,137020,137022],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137008,137009],{"class":58},"clean_name ",[52,137011,63],{"class":62},[52,137013,36091],{"class":58},[52,137015,242],{"class":66},[52,137017,8720],{"class":108},[52,137019,8723],{"class":66},[52,137021,8726],{"class":108},[52,137023,8729],{"class":66},[52,137025,137026],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137027,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,137029,137030,137032,137034,137037,137039],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,137031,118],{"class":101},[52,137033,105],{"class":66},[52,137035,137036],{"class":108},"clean_name",[52,137038,126],{"class":66},[52,137040,137041],{"class":129},"  # alice\n",[38,137043,15688],{"id":15687},[20,137045,137046,137047,137050],{},"Strings are ",[3842,137048,137049],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,137052,137053,137054,137056],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,137055,124151],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,137058,137059,137060,137062],{},"So this does ",[3842,137061,4722],{}," update the original variable:",[43,137064,137066],{"className":45,"code":137065,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,137067,137068,137080,137090,137094],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137069,137070,137072,137074,137076,137078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137071,34785],{"class":58},[52,137073,63],{"class":62},[52,137075,768],{"class":756},[52,137077,136438],{"class":760},[52,137079,3465],{"class":756},[52,137081,137082,137084,137086,137088],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137083,34806],{"class":58},[52,137085,242],{"class":66},[52,137087,8726],{"class":108},[52,137089,8729],{"class":66},[52,137091,137092],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137093,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,137095,137096,137098,137100,137102,137104],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,137097,118],{"class":101},[52,137099,105],{"class":66},[52,137101,34806],{"class":108},[52,137103,126],{"class":66},[52,137105,137106],{"class":129},"  # HELLO\n",[20,137108,137109],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[43,137111,137113],{"className":45,"code":137112,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137114,137115,137127,137141,137145],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137116,137117,137119,137121,137123,137125],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137118,34785],{"class":58},[52,137120,63],{"class":62},[52,137122,768],{"class":756},[52,137124,136438],{"class":760},[52,137126,3465],{"class":756},[52,137128,137129,137131,137133,137135,137137,137139],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137130,34785],{"class":58},[52,137132,63],{"class":62},[52,137134,42925],{"class":58},[52,137136,242],{"class":66},[52,137138,8726],{"class":108},[52,137140,8729],{"class":66},[52,137142,137143],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137144,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,137146,137147,137149,137151,137153,137155],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,137148,118],{"class":101},[52,137150,105],{"class":66},[52,137152,34806],{"class":108},[52,137154,126],{"class":66},[52,137156,136450],{"class":129},[38,137158,1766],{"id":1765},[461,137160,25782],{"id":25781},[20,137162,137163,137164,11180,137166,242],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,137165,8726],{},[15,137167,124151],{},[20,137169,16736],{},[43,137171,137173],{"className":45,"code":137172,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,137174,137175,137187],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137176,137177,137179,137181,137183,137185],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137178,34785],{"class":58},[52,137180,63],{"class":62},[52,137182,768],{"class":756},[52,137184,136438],{"class":760},[52,137186,3465],{"class":756},[52,137188,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197,137199],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137190,118],{"class":101},[52,137192,105],{"class":66},[52,137194,34806],{"class":108},[52,137196,242],{"class":66},[52,137198,8726],{"class":24845},[52,137200,112],{"class":66},[20,137202,137203],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,137205,16748],{},[43,137207,137209],{"className":45,"code":137208,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137210,137211,137223],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137212,137213,137215,137217,137219,137221],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137214,34785],{"class":58},[52,137216,63],{"class":62},[52,137218,768],{"class":756},[52,137220,136438],{"class":760},[52,137222,3465],{"class":756},[52,137224,137225,137227,137229,137231,137233,137235],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137226,118],{"class":101},[52,137228,105],{"class":66},[52,137230,34806],{"class":108},[52,137232,242],{"class":66},[52,137234,8726],{"class":108},[52,137236,7276],{"class":66},[461,137238,137240],{"id":137239},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,137242,137243],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,137245,16736],{},[43,137247,137249],{"className":45,"code":137248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,137250,137251,137263,137273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137252,137253,137255,137257,137259,137261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137254,34785],{"class":58},[52,137256,63],{"class":62},[52,137258,768],{"class":756},[52,137260,136438],{"class":760},[52,137262,3465],{"class":756},[52,137264,137265,137267,137269,137271],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137266,34806],{"class":58},[52,137268,242],{"class":66},[52,137270,8726],{"class":108},[52,137272,8729],{"class":66},[52,137274,137275,137277,137279,137281,137283],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137276,118],{"class":101},[52,137278,105],{"class":66},[52,137280,34806],{"class":108},[52,137282,126],{"class":66},[52,137284,137285],{"class":129},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,137287,16748],{},[43,137289,137291],{"className":45,"code":137290,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,137292,137293,137305,137319],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137294,137295,137297,137299,137301,137303],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137296,34785],{"class":58},[52,137298,63],{"class":62},[52,137300,768],{"class":756},[52,137302,136438],{"class":760},[52,137304,3465],{"class":756},[52,137306,137307,137309,137311,137313,137315,137317],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137308,34785],{"class":58},[52,137310,63],{"class":62},[52,137312,42925],{"class":58},[52,137314,242],{"class":66},[52,137316,8726],{"class":108},[52,137318,8729],{"class":66},[52,137320,137321,137323,137325,137327,137329],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137322,118],{"class":101},[52,137324,105],{"class":66},[52,137326,34806],{"class":108},[52,137328,126],{"class":66},[52,137330,136450],{"class":129},[461,137332,1372,137334,137336],{"id":137333},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,137335,124151],{}," on a non-string value",[20,137338,137339,137341],{},[15,137340,124151],{}," only works on strings.",[20,137343,16736],{},[43,137345,137347],{"className":45,"code":137346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,137348,137349,137357],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137350,137351,137353,137355],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137352,2334],{"class":58},[52,137354,63],{"class":62},[52,137356,125103],{"class":70},[52,137358,137359,137361,137363,137365,137367,137369],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137360,118],{"class":101},[52,137362,105],{"class":66},[52,137364,2357],{"class":108},[52,137366,242],{"class":66},[52,137368,8726],{"class":108},[52,137370,7276],{"class":66},[20,137372,137373,137374,33697],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,137375,124151],{},[20,137377,137378],{},"You can check the type first:",[43,137380,137382],{"className":45,"code":137381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,137383,137384,137396,137400,137414],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137385,137386,137388,137390,137392,137394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137387,34785],{"class":58},[52,137389,63],{"class":62},[52,137391,768],{"class":756},[52,137393,136438],{"class":760},[52,137395,3465],{"class":756},[52,137397,137398],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137399,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,137401,137402,137404,137406,137408,137410,137412],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137403,118],{"class":101},[52,137405,105],{"class":66},[52,137407,1827],{"class":1184},[52,137409,105],{"class":66},[52,137411,34806],{"class":108},[52,137413,510],{"class":66},[52,137415,137416,137418,137420,137422,137424,137426],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,137417,118],{"class":101},[52,137419,105],{"class":66},[52,137421,34806],{"class":108},[52,137423,242],{"class":66},[52,137425,8726],{"class":108},[52,137427,7276],{"class":66},[461,137429,137431],{"id":137430},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,137433,137434],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[43,137436,137438],{"className":45,"code":137437,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,137439,137440,137453,137457,137474,137489,137495],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137441,137442,137444,137446,137448,137451],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137443,136657],{"class":58},[52,137445,63],{"class":62},[52,137447,768],{"class":756},[52,137449,137450],{"class":760},"Yes",[52,137452,3465],{"class":756},[52,137454,137455],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137456,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,137458,137459,137461,137464,137466,137468,137470,137472],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137460,7079],{"class":1195},[52,137462,137463],{"class":58}," answer ",[52,137465,4780],{"class":62},[52,137467,768],{"class":756},[52,137469,8744],{"class":760},[52,137471,757],{"class":756},[52,137473,1689],{"class":66},[52,137475,137476,137478,137480,137482,137485,137487],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,137477,8154],{"class":101},[52,137479,105],{"class":66},[52,137481,757],{"class":756},[52,137483,137484],{"class":760},"Match",[52,137486,757],{"class":756},[52,137488,112],{"class":66},[52,137490,137491,137493],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,137492,27528],{"class":1195},[52,137494,1689],{"class":66},[52,137496,137497,137499,137501,137503,137506,137508],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,137498,8154],{"class":101},[52,137500,105],{"class":66},[52,137502,757],{"class":756},[52,137504,137505],{"class":760},"No match",[52,137507,757],{"class":756},[52,137509,112],{"class":66},[20,137511,29156,137512,652,137515,137518,137519,242],{},[15,137513,137514],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137516,137517],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137520,137505],{},[20,137522,137523],{},"Better:",[43,137525,137527],{"className":45,"code":137526,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137528,137529,137541,137545,137567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137530,137531,137533,137535,137537,137539],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137532,136657],{"class":58},[52,137534,63],{"class":62},[52,137536,768],{"class":756},[52,137538,137450],{"class":760},[52,137540,3465],{"class":756},[52,137542,137543],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137544,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,137546,137547,137549,137551,137553,137555,137557,137559,137561,137563,137565],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137548,7079],{"class":1195},[52,137550,136677],{"class":58},[52,137552,242],{"class":66},[52,137554,8726],{"class":108},[52,137556,7448],{"class":66},[52,137558,6492],{"class":62},[52,137560,768],{"class":756},[52,137562,8744],{"class":760},[52,137564,757],{"class":756},[52,137566,1689],{"class":66},[52,137568,137569,137571,137573,137575,137577,137579],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,137570,8154],{"class":101},[52,137572,105],{"class":66},[52,137574,757],{"class":756},[52,137576,137484],{"class":760},[52,137578,757],{"class":756},[52,137580,112],{"class":66},[461,137582,44297,137584,137587],{"id":137583},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137585,137586],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137589,137590,137591,137593],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137592,124151],{}," is enough.",[20,137595,137596,137597,137599,137600,242],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137598,137586],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137601,124151],{},[20,137603,137604,137605,122663],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137606,124151],{},[38,137608,137610,10672,137612],{"id":137609},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137611,124151],{},[15,137613,128299],{},[20,137615,137616,652,137618,137620],{},[15,137617,124151],{},[15,137619,128299],{}," are very similar.",[153,137622,137623,137628,137633,137636],{},[156,137624,137625,137627],{},[15,137626,124151],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[156,137629,137630,137632],{},[15,137631,128299],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[156,137634,137635],{},"Both return new strings",[156,137637,137638],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137640,2324],{},[43,137642,137644],{"className":45,"code":137643,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137645,137646,137658,137662,137678],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137647,137648,137650,137652,137654,137656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137649,34785],{"class":58},[52,137651,63],{"class":62},[52,137653,768],{"class":756},[52,137655,129140],{"class":760},[52,137657,3465],{"class":756},[52,137659,137660],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137661,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,137663,137664,137666,137668,137670,137672,137674,137676],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137665,118],{"class":101},[52,137667,105],{"class":66},[52,137669,34806],{"class":108},[52,137671,242],{"class":66},[52,137673,8726],{"class":108},[52,137675,136447],{"class":66},[52,137677,136345],{"class":129},[52,137679,137680,137682,137684,137686,137688,137690,137692],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,137681,118],{"class":101},[52,137683,105],{"class":66},[52,137685,34806],{"class":108},[52,137687,242],{"class":66},[52,137689,34575],{"class":108},[52,137691,136447],{"class":66},[52,137693,137694],{"class":129},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137696,137697,137698,242],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[236,137699,126421,137701,10828],{"href":137700},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137702,128299],{},[38,137704,1919],{"id":1918},[461,137706,12792,137708,124748],{"id":137707},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137709,124151],{},[20,137711,137712],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[461,137714,12792,137716,137718],{"id":137715},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137717,124151],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137720,137721,137722,242],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137723,137724],{},"string.lower()",[461,137726,1923,137728,12804],{"id":137727},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137729,124151],{},[20,137731,137732],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[461,137734,28423,137736,137738],{"id":137735},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137737,124151],{}," on user input?",[20,137740,137741,137742,137744],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137743,3067],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[461,137746,5270,137748,652,137750,1963],{"id":137747},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137749,124151],{},[15,137751,137586],{},[20,137753,137754,137756,137757,137759],{},[15,137755,124151],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137758,137586],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[38,137761,1986],{"id":1985},[153,137763,137764,137768,137774,137780,137786,137790,137794,137800],{},[156,137765,137766],{},[236,137767,51060],{"href":51059},[156,137769,137770],{},[236,137771,126421,137772,10828],{"href":137700},[15,137773,128299],{},[156,137775,137776],{},[236,137777,126421,137778,10828],{"href":136984},[15,137779,41739],{},[156,137781,137782],{},[236,137783,126421,137784,10828],{"href":130002},[15,137785,124592],{},[156,137787,137788],{},[236,137789,124820],{"href":123676},[156,137791,137792],{},[236,137793,90751],{"href":89763},[156,137795,137796],{},[236,137797,13,137798,1999],{"href":8305},[15,137799,3067],{},[156,137801,137802],{},[236,137803,137804],{"href":136385},"What is a string in Python?",[2029,137806,137807],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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.sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":137809},[137810,137812,137813,137814,137815,137816,137817,137826,137828,137840],{"id":136355,"depth":93,"text":137811},"What lower() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":136804,"depth":93,"text":136805},{"id":15687,"depth":93,"text":15688},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":137818},[137819,137820,137821,137823,137824],{"id":25781,"depth":115,"text":25782},{"id":137239,"depth":115,"text":137240},{"id":137333,"depth":115,"text":137822},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":137430,"depth":115,"text":137431},{"id":137583,"depth":115,"text":137825},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137609,"depth":93,"text":137827},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":137829},[137830,137832,137834,137836,137838],{"id":137707,"depth":115,"text":137831},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137715,"depth":115,"text":137833},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137727,"depth":115,"text":137835},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137735,"depth":115,"text":137837},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137747,"depth":115,"text":137839},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":136272,"description":137841},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137848,"title":137849,"body":137850,"description":139400,"extension":2083,"meta":139401,"navigation":296,"path":139402,"seo":139403,"stem":139404,"__hash__":139405},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137851,"toc":139361},[137852,137857,137862,137868,137883,137885,137945,137947,137956,137962,137967,137972,137974,137988,137992,137994,138041,138043,138061,138063,138066,138137,138139,138153,138156,138168,138177,138181,138186,138191,138195,138261,138263,138272,138276,138341,138343,138352,138355,138360,138364,138369,138373,138434,138436,138445,138449,138452,138508,138510,138519,138522,138535,138537,138541,138548,138610,138612,138625,138631,138634,138641,138646,138651,138654,138662,138664,138725,138727,138736,138739,138786,138789,138836,138838,138843,138860,138867,138872,138925,138927,138935,138937,138994,138996,139004,139008,139055,139057,139065,139073,139077,139125,139127,139136,139141,139192,139194,139203,139210,139213,139234,139236,139241,139244,139248,139251,139255,139258,139285,139291,139294,139321,139326,139328,139330,139358],[10,137853,123421,137855,11411],{"id":137854},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137856,124592],{},[20,137858,123426,137859,137861],{},[15,137860,124592],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137863,137864,137865,137867],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137866,124592],{},". You will learn:",[153,137869,137870,137874,137877,137880],{},[156,137871,26114,137872,143],{},[15,137873,124592],{},[156,137875,137876],{},"how its syntax works",[156,137878,137879],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[156,137881,137882],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[38,137884,41],{"id":40},[43,137886,137888],{"className":45,"code":137887,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137889,137890,137903,137935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137891,137892,137894,137896,137898,137901],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137893,34785],{"class":58},[52,137895,63],{"class":62},[52,137897,768],{"class":756},[52,137899,137900],{"class":760},"I like cats",[52,137902,3465],{"class":756},[52,137904,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913,137915,137917,137919,137922,137924,137926,137928,137931,137933],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,137906,130260],{"class":58},[52,137908,63],{"class":62},[52,137910,42925],{"class":58},[52,137912,242],{"class":66},[52,137914,35097],{"class":108},[52,137916,105],{"class":66},[52,137918,757],{"class":756},[52,137920,137921],{"class":760},"cats",[52,137923,757],{"class":756},[52,137925,74],{"class":66},[52,137927,768],{"class":756},[52,137929,137930],{"class":760},"dogs",[52,137932,757],{"class":756},[52,137934,112],{"class":66},[52,137936,137937,137939,137941,137943],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,137938,118],{"class":101},[52,137940,105],{"class":66},[52,137942,130291],{"class":108},[52,137944,112],{"class":66},[20,137946,311],{},[43,137948,137950],{"className":45,"code":137949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like dogs\n",[15,137951,137952],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,137953,137954],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,137955,137949],{"class":58},[20,137957,133,137958,137961],{},[15,137959,137960],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[38,137963,140,137965,143],{"id":137964},"what-replace-does",[15,137966,124592],{},[20,137968,137969,137971],{},[15,137970,124592],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137973,13141],{},[153,137975,137976,137978,137980,137983],{},[156,137977,133667],{},[156,137979,136380],{},[156,137981,137982],{},"It works on exact matches",[156,137984,137985,137986],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137987,41347],{},[20,137989,125173,137990,242],{},[236,137991,125176],{"href":51059},[38,137993,5520],{"id":5519},[43,137995,137997],{"className":45,"code":137996,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137998,137999,138019],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138000,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009,138012,138014,138017],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138002,61250],{"class":58},[52,138004,242],{"class":66},[52,138006,35097],{"class":108},[52,138008,105],{"class":66},[52,138010,138011],{"class":108},"old",[52,138013,74],{"class":66},[52,138015,138016],{"class":108}," new",[52,138018,112],{"class":66},[52,138020,138021,138023,138025,138027,138029,138031,138033,138035,138037,138039],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138022,61250],{"class":58},[52,138024,242],{"class":66},[52,138026,35097],{"class":108},[52,138028,105],{"class":66},[52,138030,138011],{"class":108},[52,138032,74],{"class":66},[52,138034,138016],{"class":108},[52,138036,74],{"class":66},[52,138038,49685],{"class":108},[52,138040,112],{"class":66},[461,138042,17488],{"id":17487},[153,138044,138045,138050,138056],{},[156,138046,138047,138049],{},[15,138048,138011],{}," = the text to find",[156,138051,138052,138055],{},[15,138053,138054],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[156,138057,138058,138060],{},[15,138059,41347],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[38,138062,5875],{"id":5874},[20,138064,138065],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[43,138067,138069],{"className":45,"code":138068,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,138070,138071,138083,138113,138117,138127],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138072,138073,138075,138077,138079,138081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138074,34785],{"class":58},[52,138076,63],{"class":62},[52,138078,768],{"class":756},[52,138080,137900],{"class":760},[52,138082,3465],{"class":756},[52,138084,138085,138087,138089,138091,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138086,130260],{"class":58},[52,138088,63],{"class":62},[52,138090,42925],{"class":58},[52,138092,242],{"class":66},[52,138094,35097],{"class":108},[52,138096,105],{"class":66},[52,138098,757],{"class":756},[52,138100,137921],{"class":760},[52,138102,757],{"class":756},[52,138104,74],{"class":66},[52,138106,768],{"class":756},[52,138108,137930],{"class":760},[52,138110,757],{"class":756},[52,138112,112],{"class":66},[52,138114,138115],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138116,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,138118,138119,138121,138123,138125],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,138120,118],{"class":101},[52,138122,105],{"class":66},[52,138124,34806],{"class":108},[52,138126,112],{"class":66},[52,138128,138129,138131,138133,138135],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,138130,118],{"class":101},[52,138132,105],{"class":66},[52,138134,130291],{"class":108},[52,138136,112],{"class":66},[20,138138,311],{},[43,138140,138142],{"className":45,"code":138141,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,138143,138144,138149],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138145,138146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138147,138148],{"class":58},"I like cats\n",[52,138150,138151],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138152,137949],{"class":58},[20,138154,138155],{},"Notice what happened:",[153,138157,138158,138163],{},[156,138159,138160,138162],{},[15,138161,34806],{}," did not change",[156,138164,138165,138167],{},[15,138166,130291],{}," contains the updated value",[20,138169,138170,138171,138173,138174,138176],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3842,138172,137049],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,138175,124592],{}," return a new string instead.",[38,138178,138180],{"id":138179},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,138182,89772,138183,138185],{},[15,138184,124592],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,138187,138188,138189,36715],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,138190,41347],{},[461,138192,138194],{"id":138193},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[43,138196,138198],{"className":45,"code":138197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138199,138200,138213,138247,138251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138201,138202,138204,138206,138208,138211],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138203,34785],{"class":58},[52,138205,63],{"class":62},[52,138207,768],{"class":756},[52,138209,138210],{"class":760},"cat cat cat",[52,138212,3465],{"class":756},[52,138214,138215,138217,138219,138221,138223,138225,138227,138229,138231,138233,138235,138237,138239,138241,138243,138245],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138216,2347],{"class":58},[52,138218,63],{"class":62},[52,138220,42925],{"class":58},[52,138222,242],{"class":66},[52,138224,35097],{"class":108},[52,138226,105],{"class":66},[52,138228,757],{"class":756},[52,138230,37141],{"class":760},[52,138232,757],{"class":756},[52,138234,74],{"class":66},[52,138236,768],{"class":756},[52,138238,58207],{"class":760},[52,138240,757],{"class":756},[52,138242,74],{"class":66},[52,138244,5586],{"class":70},[52,138246,112],{"class":66},[52,138248,138249],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138250,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,138252,138253,138255,138257,138259],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,138254,118],{"class":101},[52,138256,105],{"class":66},[52,138258,2382],{"class":108},[52,138260,112],{"class":66},[20,138262,311],{},[43,138264,138266],{"className":45,"code":138265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog cat cat\n",[15,138267,138268],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138269,138270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138271,138265],{"class":58},[461,138273,138275],{"id":138274},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[43,138277,138279],{"className":45,"code":138278,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138280,138281,138293,138327,138331],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138282,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138284,34785],{"class":58},[52,138286,63],{"class":62},[52,138288,768],{"class":756},[52,138290,138210],{"class":760},[52,138292,3465],{"class":756},[52,138294,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309,138311,138313,138315,138317,138319,138321,138323,138325],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138296,2347],{"class":58},[52,138298,63],{"class":62},[52,138300,42925],{"class":58},[52,138302,242],{"class":66},[52,138304,35097],{"class":108},[52,138306,105],{"class":66},[52,138308,757],{"class":756},[52,138310,37141],{"class":760},[52,138312,757],{"class":756},[52,138314,74],{"class":66},[52,138316,768],{"class":756},[52,138318,58207],{"class":760},[52,138320,757],{"class":756},[52,138322,74],{"class":66},[52,138324,77],{"class":70},[52,138326,112],{"class":66},[52,138328,138329],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138330,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,138334,118],{"class":101},[52,138336,105],{"class":66},[52,138338,2382],{"class":108},[52,138340,112],{"class":66},[20,138342,311],{},[43,138344,138346],{"className":45,"code":138345,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"dog dog cat\n",[15,138347,138348],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138349,138350],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138351,138345],{"class":58},[20,138353,138354],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,138356,138357,138358,242],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[236,138359,128145],{"href":124589},[38,138361,138363],{"id":138362},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,138365,138366,138368],{},[15,138367,124592],{}," can also change single characters.",[461,138370,138372],{"id":138371},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[43,138374,138376],{"className":45,"code":138375,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138377,138378,138390,138420,138424],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138379,138380,138382,138384,138386,138388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138381,34785],{"class":58},[52,138383,63],{"class":62},[52,138385,768],{"class":756},[52,138387,4180],{"class":760},[52,138389,3465],{"class":756},[52,138391,138392,138394,138396,138398,138400,138402,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412,138414,138416,138418],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138393,2347],{"class":58},[52,138395,63],{"class":62},[52,138397,42925],{"class":58},[52,138399,242],{"class":66},[52,138401,35097],{"class":108},[52,138403,105],{"class":66},[52,138405,757],{"class":756},[52,138407,236],{"class":760},[52,138409,757],{"class":756},[52,138411,74],{"class":66},[52,138413,768],{"class":756},[52,138415,1432],{"class":760},[52,138417,757],{"class":756},[52,138419,112],{"class":66},[52,138421,138422],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138423,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,138425,138426,138428,138430,138432],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,138427,118],{"class":101},[52,138429,105],{"class":66},[52,138431,2382],{"class":108},[52,138433,112],{"class":66},[20,138435,311],{},[43,138437,138439],{"className":45,"code":138438,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"bonono\n",[15,138440,138441],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138442,138443],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138444,138438],{"class":58},[461,138446,138448],{"id":138447},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,138450,138451],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[43,138453,138455],{"className":45,"code":138454,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138456,138457,138470,138494,138498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138458,138459,138461,138463,138465,138468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138460,34785],{"class":58},[52,138462,63],{"class":62},[52,138464,768],{"class":756},[52,138466,138467],{"class":760},"a b c",[52,138469,3465],{"class":756},[52,138471,138472,138474,138476,138478,138480,138482,138484,138486,138488,138490,138492],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138473,2347],{"class":58},[52,138475,63],{"class":62},[52,138477,42925],{"class":58},[52,138479,242],{"class":66},[52,138481,35097],{"class":108},[52,138483,105],{"class":66},[52,138485,757],{"class":756},[52,138487,768],{"class":756},[52,138489,74],{"class":66},[52,138491,6212],{"class":756},[52,138493,112],{"class":66},[52,138495,138496],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138497,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,138499,138500,138502,138504,138506],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,138501,118],{"class":101},[52,138503,105],{"class":66},[52,138505,2382],{"class":108},[52,138507,112],{"class":66},[20,138509,311],{},[43,138511,138513],{"className":45,"code":138512,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"abc\n",[15,138514,138515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138516,138517],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138518,138512],{"class":58},[20,138520,138521],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138523,138524,138525,138529,138530,138534],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[236,138526,126421,138527,10828],{"href":129108},[15,138528,60609],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[236,138531,126421,138532,10828],{"href":136984},[15,138533,41739],{}," is often a better choice.",[38,138536,124068],{"id":124067},[20,138538,138539,123879],{},[15,138540,124592],{},[20,138542,127466,138543,652,138545,127473],{},[15,138544,113107],{},[15,138546,138547],{},"\"Cat\"",[43,138549,138551],{"className":45,"code":138550,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138552,138553,138566,138596,138600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138554,138555,138557,138559,138561,138564],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138556,34785],{"class":58},[52,138558,63],{"class":62},[52,138560,768],{"class":756},[52,138562,138563],{"class":760},"Cat cat CAT",[52,138565,3465],{"class":756},[52,138567,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578,138580,138582,138584,138586,138588,138590,138592,138594],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138569,2347],{"class":58},[52,138571,63],{"class":62},[52,138573,42925],{"class":58},[52,138575,242],{"class":66},[52,138577,35097],{"class":108},[52,138579,105],{"class":66},[52,138581,757],{"class":756},[52,138583,37141],{"class":760},[52,138585,757],{"class":756},[52,138587,74],{"class":66},[52,138589,768],{"class":756},[52,138591,58207],{"class":760},[52,138593,757],{"class":756},[52,138595,112],{"class":66},[52,138597,138598],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138599,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,138601,138602,138604,138606,138608],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,138603,118],{"class":101},[52,138605,105],{"class":66},[52,138607,2382],{"class":108},[52,138609,112],{"class":66},[20,138611,311],{},[43,138613,138615],{"className":45,"code":138614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138616,138617],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138618,138619,138622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138620,138621],{"class":58},"Cat dog ",[52,138623,138624],{"class":34550},"CAT\n",[20,138626,138627,138628,138630],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138629,113107],{}," was replaced.",[20,138632,138633],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138635,138636,138637,242],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[236,138638,126421,138639,10828],{"href":124148},[15,138640,124151],{},[38,138642,140,138644,11793],{"id":138643},"what-replace-returns",[15,138645,124592],{},[20,138647,138648,138650],{},[15,138649,124592],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138652,138653],{},"If no match is found:",[153,138655,138656,138659],{},[156,138657,138658],{},"no error happens",[156,138660,138661],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138663,2324],{},[43,138665,138667],{"className":45,"code":138666,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138668,138669,138681,138711,138715],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138670,138671,138673,138675,138677,138679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138672,34785],{"class":58},[52,138674,63],{"class":62},[52,138676,768],{"class":756},[52,138678,761],{"class":760},[52,138680,3465],{"class":756},[52,138682,138683,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138684,2347],{"class":58},[52,138686,63],{"class":62},[52,138688,42925],{"class":58},[52,138690,242],{"class":66},[52,138692,35097],{"class":108},[52,138694,105],{"class":66},[52,138696,757],{"class":756},[52,138698,1190],{"class":760},[52,138700,757],{"class":756},[52,138702,74],{"class":66},[52,138704,768],{"class":756},[52,138706,1405],{"class":760},[52,138708,757],{"class":756},[52,138710,112],{"class":66},[52,138712,138713],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138714,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,138716,138717,138719,138721,138723],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,138718,118],{"class":101},[52,138720,105],{"class":66},[52,138722,2382],{"class":108},[52,138724,112],{"class":66},[20,138726,311],{},[43,138728,138730],{"className":45,"code":138729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello\n",[15,138731,138732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138733,138734],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138735,138729],{"class":58},[20,138737,138738],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[43,138740,138742],{"className":45,"code":138741,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138743,138744,138756],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138745,138746,138748,138750,138752,138754],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138747,34785],{"class":58},[52,138749,63],{"class":62},[52,138751,768],{"class":756},[52,138753,60486],{"class":760},[52,138755,3465],{"class":756},[52,138757,138758,138760,138762,138764,138766,138768,138770,138772,138774,138776,138778,138780,138782,138784],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138759,130260],{"class":58},[52,138761,63],{"class":62},[52,138763,42925],{"class":58},[52,138765,242],{"class":66},[52,138767,35097],{"class":108},[52,138769,105],{"class":66},[52,138771,757],{"class":756},[52,138773,771],{"class":760},[52,138775,757],{"class":756},[52,138777,74],{"class":66},[52,138779,768],{"class":756},[52,138781,7379],{"class":760},[52,138783,757],{"class":756},[52,138785,112],{"class":66},[20,138787,138788],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[43,138790,138792],{"className":45,"code":138791,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138793,138794,138806],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138795,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138797,34785],{"class":58},[52,138799,63],{"class":62},[52,138801,768],{"class":756},[52,138803,60486],{"class":760},[52,138805,3465],{"class":756},[52,138807,138808,138810,138812,138814,138816,138818,138820,138822,138824,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138809,34785],{"class":58},[52,138811,63],{"class":62},[52,138813,42925],{"class":58},[52,138815,242],{"class":66},[52,138817,35097],{"class":108},[52,138819,105],{"class":66},[52,138821,757],{"class":756},[52,138823,771],{"class":760},[52,138825,757],{"class":756},[52,138827,74],{"class":66},[52,138829,768],{"class":756},[52,138831,7379],{"class":760},[52,138833,757],{"class":756},[52,138835,112],{"class":66},[38,138837,4610],{"id":4609},[20,138839,138840,138841,1772],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138842,124592],{},[153,138844,138845,138848,138852,138855],{},[156,138846,138847],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[156,138849,8538,138850,131641],{},[15,138851,124592],{},[156,138853,138854],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[156,138856,37298,138857,138859],{},[15,138858,124592],{}," with regex-based replacements",[461,138861,138863,138864,138866],{"id":138862},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138865,124592],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138868,138869,138870,1772],{},"This does not update ",[15,138871,34806],{},[43,138873,138875],{"className":45,"code":138874,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138876,138877,138889,138915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138878,138879,138881,138883,138885,138887],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138880,34785],{"class":58},[52,138882,63],{"class":62},[52,138884,768],{"class":756},[52,138886,137900],{"class":760},[52,138888,3465],{"class":756},[52,138890,138891,138893,138895,138897,138899,138901,138903,138905,138907,138909,138911,138913],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138892,34806],{"class":58},[52,138894,242],{"class":66},[52,138896,35097],{"class":108},[52,138898,105],{"class":66},[52,138900,757],{"class":756},[52,138902,137921],{"class":760},[52,138904,757],{"class":756},[52,138906,74],{"class":66},[52,138908,768],{"class":756},[52,138910,137930],{"class":760},[52,138912,757],{"class":756},[52,138914,112],{"class":66},[52,138916,138917,138919,138921,138923],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138918,118],{"class":101},[52,138920,105],{"class":66},[52,138922,34806],{"class":108},[52,138924,112],{"class":66},[20,138926,311],{},[43,138928,138929],{"className":45,"code":138148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138930,138931],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138932,138933],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138934,138148],{"class":58},[20,138936,10895],{},[43,138938,138940],{"className":45,"code":138939,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138941,138942,138954,138984],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,138943,138944,138946,138948,138950,138952],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,138945,34785],{"class":58},[52,138947,63],{"class":62},[52,138949,768],{"class":756},[52,138951,137900],{"class":760},[52,138953,3465],{"class":756},[52,138955,138956,138958,138960,138962,138964,138966,138968,138970,138972,138974,138976,138978,138980,138982],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,138957,34785],{"class":58},[52,138959,63],{"class":62},[52,138961,42925],{"class":58},[52,138963,242],{"class":66},[52,138965,35097],{"class":108},[52,138967,105],{"class":66},[52,138969,757],{"class":756},[52,138971,137921],{"class":760},[52,138973,757],{"class":756},[52,138975,74],{"class":66},[52,138977,768],{"class":756},[52,138979,137930],{"class":760},[52,138981,757],{"class":756},[52,138983,112],{"class":66},[52,138985,138986,138988,138990,138992],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,138987,118],{"class":101},[52,138989,105],{"class":66},[52,138991,34806],{"class":108},[52,138993,112],{"class":66},[20,138995,311],{},[43,138997,138998],{"className":45,"code":137949,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,138999,139000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139001,139002],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139003,137949],{"class":58},[461,139005,139007],{"id":139006},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[43,139009,139011],{"className":45,"code":139010,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,139012,139013,139025],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139014,139015,139017,139019,139021,139023],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139016,34785],{"class":58},[52,139018,63],{"class":62},[52,139020,768],{"class":756},[52,139022,34965],{"class":760},[52,139024,3465],{"class":756},[52,139026,139027,139029,139031,139033,139035,139037,139039,139041,139043,139045,139047,139049,139051,139053],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139028,118],{"class":101},[52,139030,105],{"class":66},[52,139032,34806],{"class":108},[52,139034,242],{"class":66},[52,139036,35097],{"class":108},[52,139038,105],{"class":66},[52,139040,757],{"class":756},[52,139042,761],{"class":760},[52,139044,757],{"class":756},[52,139046,74],{"class":66},[52,139048,768],{"class":756},[52,139050,90007],{"class":760},[52,139052,757],{"class":756},[52,139054,510],{"class":66},[20,139056,311],{},[43,139058,139059],{"className":45,"code":89020,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,139060,139061],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139062,139063],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139064,89020],{"class":58},[20,139066,139067,139068,652,139070,139072],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,139069,64610],{},[15,139071,90486],{}," are not the same.",[461,139074,139076],{"id":139075},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[43,139078,139080],{"className":45,"code":139079,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,139081,139082,139095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139083,139084,139086,139088,139090,139093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139085,34785],{"class":58},[52,139087,63],{"class":62},[52,139089,768],{"class":756},[52,139091,139092],{"class":760},"red red red",[52,139094,3465],{"class":756},[52,139096,139097,139099,139101,139103,139105,139107,139109,139111,139113,139115,139117,139119,139121,139123],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139098,118],{"class":101},[52,139100,105],{"class":66},[52,139102,34806],{"class":108},[52,139104,242],{"class":66},[52,139106,35097],{"class":108},[52,139108,105],{"class":66},[52,139110,757],{"class":756},[52,139112,13182],{"class":760},[52,139114,757],{"class":756},[52,139116,74],{"class":66},[52,139118,768],{"class":756},[52,139120,13199],{"class":760},[52,139122,757],{"class":756},[52,139124,510],{"class":66},[20,139126,311],{},[43,139128,139130],{"className":45,"code":139129,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue blue blue\n",[15,139131,139132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139133,139134],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139135,139129],{"class":58},[20,139137,139138,139139,1772],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,139140,41347],{},[43,139142,139144],{"className":45,"code":139143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,139145,139146,139158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139147,139148,139150,139152,139154,139156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139149,34785],{"class":58},[52,139151,63],{"class":62},[52,139153,768],{"class":756},[52,139155,139092],{"class":760},[52,139157,3465],{"class":756},[52,139159,139160,139162,139164,139166,139168,139170,139172,139174,139176,139178,139180,139182,139184,139186,139188,139190],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139161,118],{"class":101},[52,139163,105],{"class":66},[52,139165,34806],{"class":108},[52,139167,242],{"class":66},[52,139169,35097],{"class":108},[52,139171,105],{"class":66},[52,139173,757],{"class":756},[52,139175,13182],{"class":760},[52,139177,757],{"class":756},[52,139179,74],{"class":66},[52,139181,768],{"class":756},[52,139183,13199],{"class":760},[52,139185,757],{"class":756},[52,139187,74],{"class":66},[52,139189,5586],{"class":70},[52,139191,510],{"class":66},[20,139193,311],{},[43,139195,139197],{"className":45,"code":139196,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"blue red red\n",[15,139198,139199],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139200,139201],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139202,139196],{"class":58},[461,139204,139206,139207,139209],{"id":139205},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,139208,124592],{}," for the wrong task",[20,139211,139212],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[153,139214,139215,139222,139229],{},[156,139216,133,139217,139221],{},[236,139218,139219],{"href":129108},[15,139220,60609],{}," to break a string into a list",[156,139223,133,139224,139228],{},[236,139225,139226],{"href":136984},[15,139227,41739],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[156,139230,133,139231,139233],{},[15,139232,124592],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[38,139235,1919],{"id":1918},[461,139237,12792,139239,124748],{"id":139238},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,139240,124592],{},[20,139242,139243],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[461,139245,139247],{"id":139246},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,139249,139250],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[461,139252,139254],{"id":139253},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,139256,139257],{},"Use the third argument:",[43,139259,139261],{"className":45,"code":139260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,139262,139263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139264,139265,139267,139269,139271,139273,139275,139277,139279,139281,139283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139266,34806],{"class":58},[52,139268,242],{"class":66},[52,139270,35097],{"class":108},[52,139272,105],{"class":66},[52,139274,138011],{"class":108},[52,139276,74],{"class":66},[52,139278,138016],{"class":108},[52,139280,74],{"class":66},[52,139282,5586],{"class":70},[52,139284,112],{"class":66},[461,139286,1933,139288,139290],{"id":139287},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,139289,124592],{}," remove text?",[20,139292,139293],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[43,139295,139297],{"className":45,"code":139296,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,139298,139299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139300,139301,139303,139305,139307,139309,139311,139313,139315,139317,139319],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139302,34806],{"class":58},[52,139304,242],{"class":66},[52,139306,35097],{"class":108},[52,139308,105],{"class":66},[52,139310,757],{"class":756},[52,139312,1190],{"class":760},[52,139314,757],{"class":756},[52,139316,74],{"class":66},[52,139318,6212],{"class":756},[52,139320,112],{"class":66},[461,139322,14994,139324,124757],{"id":139323},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,139325,124592],{},[20,139327,129950],{},[38,139329,1986],{"id":1985},[153,139331,139332,139336,139342,139348,139354],{},[156,139333,139334],{},[236,139335,124827],{"href":124589},[156,139337,139338],{},[236,139339,126421,139340,10828],{"href":129108},[15,139341,60609],{},[156,139343,139344],{},[236,139345,126421,139346,10828],{"href":136984},[15,139347,41739],{},[156,139349,139350],{},[236,139351,126421,139352,10828],{"href":124148},[15,139353,124151],{},[156,139355,139356],{},[236,139357,125176],{"href":51059},[2029,139359,139360],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":139362},[139363,139364,139366,139369,139370,139374,139378,139379,139381,139389,139399],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":137964,"depth":93,"text":139365},"What replace() does",{"id":5519,"depth":93,"text":5520,"children":139367},[139368],{"id":17487,"depth":115,"text":17488},{"id":5874,"depth":93,"text":5875},{"id":138179,"depth":93,"text":138180,"children":139371},[139372,139373],{"id":138193,"depth":115,"text":138194},{"id":138274,"depth":115,"text":138275},{"id":138362,"depth":93,"text":138363,"children":139375},[139376,139377],{"id":138371,"depth":115,"text":138372},{"id":138447,"depth":115,"text":138448},{"id":124067,"depth":93,"text":124068},{"id":138643,"depth":93,"text":139380},"What replace() returns",{"id":4609,"depth":93,"text":4610,"children":139382},[139383,139385,139386,139387],{"id":138862,"depth":115,"text":139384},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":139006,"depth":115,"text":139007},{"id":139075,"depth":115,"text":139076},{"id":139205,"depth":115,"text":139388},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":139390},[139391,139393,139394,139395,139397],{"id":139238,"depth":115,"text":139392},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":139246,"depth":115,"text":139247},{"id":139253,"depth":115,"text":139254},{"id":139287,"depth":115,"text":139396},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":139323,"depth":115,"text":139398},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137849,"description":139400},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":139407,"title":139408,"body":139409,"description":141428,"extension":2083,"meta":141429,"navigation":296,"path":141430,"seo":141431,"stem":141432,"__hash__":141433},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":139410,"toc":141392},[139411,139416,139421,139424,139435,139437,139492,139497,139502,139509,139511,139526,139528,139584,139586,139624,139629,139631,139655,139658,139671,139676,139678,139710,139712,139745,139751,139756,139759,139769,139772,139774,139830,139832,139882,139885,139893,139896,139952,139954,140027,140040,140048,140052,140063,140066,140069,140122,140124,140156,140159,140213,140215,140250,140253,140258,140263,140268,140271,140273,140331,140333,140367,140369,140384,140387,140389,140431,140433,140459,140464,140472,140475,140477,140559,140561,140612,140615,140626,140634,140636,140709,140711,140729,140733,140736,140740,140767,140769,140777,140781,140816,140818,140831,140835,140838,140877,140879,140896,140901,140906,140917,140920,140931,140933,140935,140961,140964,141013,141015,141032,141035,141037,141089,141091,141123,141126,141184,141189,141191,141196,141299,141301,141315,141317,141324,141329,141334,141339,141344,141349,141352,141356,141361,141363,141389],[10,139412,123421,139414,11411],{"id":139413},"python-string-split-method",[15,139415,60609],{},[20,139417,123426,139418,139420],{},[15,139419,60609],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,139422,139423],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[153,139425,139426,139429,139432],{},[156,139427,139428],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[156,139430,139431],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[156,139433,139434],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[38,139436,41],{"id":40},[43,139438,139440],{"className":45,"code":139439,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,139441,139442,139455,139477,139487],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139443,139444,139446,139448,139450,139453],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139445,34785],{"class":58},[52,139447,63],{"class":62},[52,139449,768],{"class":756},[52,139451,139452],{"class":760},"apple,banana,cherry",[52,139454,3465],{"class":756},[52,139456,139457,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139458,42920],{"class":58},[52,139460,63],{"class":62},[52,139462,42925],{"class":58},[52,139464,242],{"class":66},[52,139466,34566],{"class":108},[52,139468,105],{"class":66},[52,139470,757],{"class":756},[52,139472,74],{"class":760},[52,139474,757],{"class":756},[52,139476,112],{"class":66},[52,139478,139479,139481,139483,139485],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139480,118],{"class":101},[52,139482,105],{"class":66},[52,139484,42952],{"class":108},[52,139486,112],{"class":66},[52,139488,139489],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,139490,139491],{"class":129},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139493,133,139494,139496],{},[15,139495,60609],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[38,139498,140,139500,143],{"id":139499},"what-split-does",[15,139501,60609],{},[20,139503,139504,132469,139506,242],{},[15,139505,60609],{},[3842,139507,139508],{},"string method",[20,139510,49010],{},[153,139512,139513,139516,139521],{},[156,139514,139515],{},"divides a string into parts",[156,139517,119723,139518],{},[3842,139519,139520],{},"new list of strings",[156,139522,119729,139523,139525],{},[3842,139524,4722],{}," change the original string",[20,139527,2324],{},[43,139529,139531],{"className":45,"code":139530,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139532,139533,139546,139560,139564,139574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139534,139535,139537,139539,139541,139544],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139536,34785],{"class":58},[52,139538,63],{"class":62},[52,139540,768],{"class":756},[52,139542,139543],{"class":760},"red blue green",[52,139545,3465],{"class":756},[52,139547,139548,139550,139552,139554,139556,139558],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139549,42920],{"class":58},[52,139551,63],{"class":62},[52,139553,42925],{"class":58},[52,139555,242],{"class":66},[52,139557,34566],{"class":108},[52,139559,8729],{"class":66},[52,139561,139562],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139563,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,139565,139566,139568,139570,139572],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,139567,118],{"class":101},[52,139569,105],{"class":66},[52,139571,34806],{"class":108},[52,139573,112],{"class":66},[52,139575,139576,139578,139580,139582],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,139577,118],{"class":101},[52,139579,105],{"class":66},[52,139581,42952],{"class":108},[52,139583,112],{"class":66},[20,139585,311],{},[43,139587,139589],{"className":45,"code":139588,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139590,139591,139596],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139592,139593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139594,139595],{"class":58},"red blue green\n",[52,139597,139598,139600,139602,139604,139606,139608,139610,139612,139614,139616,139618,139620,139622],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139599,3994],{"class":66},[52,139601,3406],{"class":756},[52,139603,13182],{"class":760},[52,139605,3406],{"class":756},[52,139607,74],{"class":66},[52,139609,3401],{"class":756},[52,139611,13199],{"class":760},[52,139613,3406],{"class":756},[52,139615,74],{"class":66},[52,139617,3401],{"class":756},[52,139619,17549],{"class":760},[52,139621,3406],{"class":756},[52,139623,90],{"class":66},[20,139625,139626,139627,242],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[236,139628,125176],{"href":51059},[38,139630,181],{"id":180},[43,139632,139634],{"className":45,"code":139633,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139635,139636],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139637,139638,139640,139642,139644,139646,139648,139650,139653],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139639,61250],{"class":58},[52,139641,242],{"class":66},[52,139643,34566],{"class":108},[52,139645,105],{"class":66},[52,139647,133823],{"class":108},[52,139649,74],{"class":66},[52,139651,139652],{"class":108}," maxsplit",[52,139654,112],{"class":66},[20,139656,139657],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[153,139659,139660,139665],{},[156,139661,139662,139664],{},[15,139663,133823],{}," tells Python where to split",[156,139666,139667,139670],{},[15,139668,139669],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139672,1800,139673,139675],{},[15,139674,133823],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139677,2324],{},[43,139679,139681],{"className":45,"code":139680,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139682,139683,139696],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139684,139685,139687,139689,139691,139694],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139686,34785],{"class":58},[52,139688,63],{"class":62},[52,139690,768],{"class":756},[52,139692,139693],{"class":760},"one two three",[52,139695,3465],{"class":756},[52,139697,139698,139700,139702,139704,139706,139708],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139699,118],{"class":101},[52,139701,105],{"class":66},[52,139703,34806],{"class":108},[52,139705,242],{"class":66},[52,139707,34566],{"class":108},[52,139709,7276],{"class":66},[20,139711,311],{},[43,139713,139715],{"className":45,"code":139714,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139716,139717],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139718,139719,139721,139723,139725,139727,139729,139731,139733,139735,139737,139739,139741,139743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139720,3994],{"class":66},[52,139722,3406],{"class":756},[52,139724,6666],{"class":760},[52,139726,3406],{"class":756},[52,139728,74],{"class":66},[52,139730,3401],{"class":756},[52,139732,79344],{"class":760},[52,139734,3406],{"class":756},[52,139736,74],{"class":66},[52,139738,3401],{"class":756},[52,139740,134303],{"class":760},[52,139742,3406],{"class":756},[52,139744,90],{"class":66},[38,139746,1372,139748,139750],{"id":139747},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139749,60609],{}," with no separator",[20,139752,70248,139753,139755],{},[15,139754,60609],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139757,139758],{},"Whitespace includes:",[153,139760,139761,139763,139766],{},[156,139762,10538],{},[156,139764,139765],{},"tabs",[156,139767,139768],{},"new lines",[20,139770,139771],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139773,2324],{},[43,139775,139777],{"className":45,"code":139776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139778,139779,139802,139816,139820],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139780,139781,139783,139785,139787,139790,139793,139795,139797,139800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139782,34785],{"class":58},[52,139784,63],{"class":62},[52,139786,768],{"class":756},[52,139788,139789],{"class":760},"Python   is",[52,139791,139792],{"class":34550},"\\t",[52,139794,133560],{"class":760},[52,139796,87224],{"class":34550},[52,139798,139799],{"class":760},"and useful",[52,139801,3465],{"class":756},[52,139803,139804,139806,139808,139810,139812,139814],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139805,42920],{"class":58},[52,139807,63],{"class":62},[52,139809,42925],{"class":58},[52,139811,242],{"class":66},[52,139813,34566],{"class":108},[52,139815,8729],{"class":66},[52,139817,139818],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139819,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,139821,139822,139824,139826,139828],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,139823,118],{"class":101},[52,139825,105],{"class":66},[52,139827,42952],{"class":108},[52,139829,112],{"class":66},[20,139831,311],{},[43,139833,139835],{"className":45,"code":139834,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139836,139837],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139838,139839,139841,139843,139845,139847,139849,139851,139853,139855,139857,139859,139861,139863,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139878,139880],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139840,3994],{"class":66},[52,139842,3406],{"class":756},[52,139844,7379],{"class":760},[52,139846,3406],{"class":756},[52,139848,74],{"class":66},[52,139850,3401],{"class":756},[52,139852,12281],{"class":760},[52,139854,3406],{"class":756},[52,139856,74],{"class":66},[52,139858,3401],{"class":756},[52,139860,133560],{"class":760},[52,139862,3406],{"class":756},[52,139864,74],{"class":66},[52,139866,3401],{"class":756},[52,139868,130186],{"class":760},[52,139870,3406],{"class":756},[52,139872,74],{"class":66},[52,139874,3401],{"class":756},[52,139876,139877],{"class":760},"useful",[52,139879,3406],{"class":756},[52,139881,90],{"class":66},[20,139883,139884],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[461,139886,139888,10672,139890],{"id":139887},"split-vs-split",[15,139889,60609],{},[15,139891,139892],{},"split(' ')",[20,139894,139895],{},"These are not the same.",[43,139897,139899],{"className":45,"code":139898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139900,139901,139914,139918,139932],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139902,139903,139905,139907,139909,139912],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139904,34785],{"class":58},[52,139906,63],{"class":62},[52,139908,768],{"class":756},[52,139910,139911],{"class":760},"a  b   c",[52,139913,3465],{"class":756},[52,139915,139916],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139917,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,139919,139920,139922,139924,139926,139928,139930],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,139921,118],{"class":101},[52,139923,105],{"class":66},[52,139925,34806],{"class":108},[52,139927,242],{"class":66},[52,139929,34566],{"class":108},[52,139931,7276],{"class":66},[52,139933,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,139935,118],{"class":101},[52,139937,105],{"class":66},[52,139939,34806],{"class":108},[52,139941,242],{"class":66},[52,139943,34566],{"class":108},[52,139945,105],{"class":66},[52,139947,757],{"class":756},[52,139949,768],{"class":756},[52,139951,510],{"class":66},[20,139953,311],{},[43,139955,139957],{"className":45,"code":139956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139958,139959,139987],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,139960,139961,139963,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139979,139981,139983,139985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,139962,3994],{"class":66},[52,139964,3406],{"class":756},[52,139966,236],{"class":760},[52,139968,3406],{"class":756},[52,139970,74],{"class":66},[52,139972,3401],{"class":756},[52,139974,4853],{"class":760},[52,139976,3406],{"class":756},[52,139978,74],{"class":66},[52,139980,3401],{"class":756},[52,139982,9825],{"class":760},[52,139984,3406],{"class":756},[52,139986,90],{"class":66},[52,139988,139989,139991,139993,139995,139997,139999,140001,140003,140005,140007,140009,140011,140013,140015,140017,140019,140021,140023,140025],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,139990,3994],{"class":66},[52,139992,3406],{"class":756},[52,139994,236],{"class":760},[52,139996,3406],{"class":756},[52,139998,74],{"class":66},[52,140000,3938],{"class":756},[52,140002,74],{"class":66},[52,140004,3401],{"class":756},[52,140006,4853],{"class":760},[52,140008,3406],{"class":756},[52,140010,74],{"class":66},[52,140012,3938],{"class":756},[52,140014,74],{"class":66},[52,140016,3938],{"class":756},[52,140018,74],{"class":66},[52,140020,3401],{"class":756},[52,140022,9825],{"class":760},[52,140024,3406],{"class":756},[52,140026,90],{"class":66},[153,140028,140029,140034],{},[156,140030,140031,140033],{},[15,140032,60609],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[156,140035,140036,140039],{},[15,140037,140038],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,140041,140042,140043,140047],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[236,140044,126421,140045,10828],{"href":136984},[15,140046,41739],{}," is often useful.",[38,140049,140051],{"id":140050},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,140053,140054,140055,2305,140058,2309,140060,242],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,140056,140057],{},"\",\"",[15,140059,133658],{},[15,140061,140062],{},"\"::\"",[20,140064,140065],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,140067,140068],{},"Example with commas:",[43,140070,140072],{"className":45,"code":140071,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140073,140074,140086,140108,140112],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140075,140076,140078,140080,140082,140084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140077,34785],{"class":58},[52,140079,63],{"class":62},[52,140081,768],{"class":756},[52,140083,139452],{"class":760},[52,140085,3465],{"class":756},[52,140087,140088,140090,140092,140094,140096,140098,140100,140102,140104,140106],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140089,42920],{"class":58},[52,140091,63],{"class":62},[52,140093,42925],{"class":58},[52,140095,242],{"class":66},[52,140097,34566],{"class":108},[52,140099,105],{"class":66},[52,140101,757],{"class":756},[52,140103,74],{"class":760},[52,140105,757],{"class":756},[52,140107,112],{"class":66},[52,140109,140110],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140111,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,140113,140114,140116,140118,140120],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,140115,118],{"class":101},[52,140117,105],{"class":66},[52,140119,42952],{"class":108},[52,140121,112],{"class":66},[20,140123,311],{},[43,140125,140126],{"className":45,"code":78523,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140127,140128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140129,140130,140132,140134,140136,140138,140140,140142,140144,140146,140148,140150,140152,140154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140131,3994],{"class":66},[52,140133,3406],{"class":756},[52,140135,4171],{"class":760},[52,140137,3406],{"class":756},[52,140139,74],{"class":66},[52,140141,3401],{"class":756},[52,140143,4180],{"class":760},[52,140145,3406],{"class":756},[52,140147,74],{"class":66},[52,140149,3401],{"class":756},[52,140151,4189],{"class":760},[52,140153,3406],{"class":756},[52,140155,90],{"class":66},[20,140157,140158],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[43,140160,140162],{"className":45,"code":140161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140163,140164,140177,140199,140203],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140165,140166,140168,140170,140172,140175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140167,34785],{"class":58},[52,140169,63],{"class":62},[52,140171,768],{"class":756},[52,140173,140174],{"class":760},"2024::10::31",[52,140176,3465],{"class":756},[52,140178,140179,140181,140183,140185,140187,140189,140191,140193,140195,140197],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140180,42920],{"class":58},[52,140182,63],{"class":62},[52,140184,42925],{"class":58},[52,140186,242],{"class":66},[52,140188,34566],{"class":108},[52,140190,105],{"class":66},[52,140192,757],{"class":756},[52,140194,76740],{"class":760},[52,140196,757],{"class":756},[52,140198,112],{"class":66},[52,140200,140201],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140202,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,140204,140205,140207,140209,140211],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,140206,118],{"class":101},[52,140208,105],{"class":66},[52,140210,42952],{"class":108},[52,140212,112],{"class":66},[20,140214,311],{},[43,140216,140218],{"className":45,"code":140217,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,140219,140220],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140221,140222,140224,140226,140229,140231,140233,140235,140237,140239,140241,140243,140246,140248],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140223,3994],{"class":66},[52,140225,3406],{"class":756},[52,140227,140228],{"class":760},"2024",[52,140230,3406],{"class":756},[52,140232,74],{"class":66},[52,140234,3401],{"class":756},[52,140236,430],{"class":760},[52,140238,3406],{"class":756},[52,140240,74],{"class":66},[52,140242,3401],{"class":756},[52,140244,140245],{"class":760},"31",[52,140247,3406],{"class":756},[52,140249,90],{"class":66},[20,140251,140252],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,140254,140255,140256,242],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[236,140257,129105],{"href":129104},[38,140259,1372,140261],{"id":140260},"using-maxsplit",[15,140262,139669],{},[20,140264,140265,140267],{},[15,140266,139669],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,140269,140270],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,140272,2324],{},[43,140274,140276],{"className":45,"code":140275,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,140277,140278,140291,140317,140321],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140279,140280,140282,140284,140286,140289],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140281,34785],{"class":58},[52,140283,63],{"class":62},[52,140285,768],{"class":756},[52,140287,140288],{"class":760},"name:age:city:country",[52,140290,3465],{"class":756},[52,140292,140293,140295,140297,140299,140301,140303,140305,140307,140309,140311,140313,140315],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140294,42920],{"class":58},[52,140296,63],{"class":62},[52,140298,42925],{"class":58},[52,140300,242],{"class":66},[52,140302,34566],{"class":108},[52,140304,105],{"class":66},[52,140306,757],{"class":756},[52,140308,1772],{"class":760},[52,140310,757],{"class":756},[52,140312,74],{"class":66},[52,140314,77],{"class":70},[52,140316,112],{"class":66},[52,140318,140319],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140320,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,140322,140323,140325,140327,140329],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,140324,118],{"class":101},[52,140326,105],{"class":66},[52,140328,42952],{"class":108},[52,140330,112],{"class":66},[20,140332,311],{},[43,140334,140336],{"className":45,"code":140335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,140337,140338],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140339,140340,140342,140344,140346,140348,140350,140352,140354,140356,140358,140360,140363,140365],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140341,3994],{"class":66},[52,140343,3406],{"class":756},[52,140345,7751],{"class":760},[52,140347,3406],{"class":756},[52,140349,74],{"class":66},[52,140351,3401],{"class":756},[52,140353,9384],{"class":760},[52,140355,3406],{"class":756},[52,140357,74],{"class":66},[52,140359,3401],{"class":756},[52,140361,140362],{"class":760},"city:country",[52,140364,3406],{"class":756},[52,140366,90],{"class":66},[20,140368,2295],{},[153,140370,140371,140376,140381],{},[156,140372,140373,140374],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,140375,1772],{},[156,140377,140378,140379],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,140380,1772],{},[156,140382,140383],{},"then stops",[20,140385,140386],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,140388,52161],{},[43,140390,140392],{"className":45,"code":140391,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,140393,140394,140407],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140395,140396,140398,140400,140402,140405],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140397,34785],{"class":58},[52,140399,63],{"class":62},[52,140401,768],{"class":756},[52,140403,140404],{"class":760},"apple banana cherry grape",[52,140406,3465],{"class":756},[52,140408,140409,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419,140421,140423,140425,140427,140429],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140410,118],{"class":101},[52,140412,105],{"class":66},[52,140414,34806],{"class":108},[52,140416,242],{"class":66},[52,140418,34566],{"class":108},[52,140420,105],{"class":66},[52,140422,757],{"class":756},[52,140424,768],{"class":756},[52,140426,74],{"class":66},[52,140428,5586],{"class":70},[52,140430,510],{"class":66},[20,140432,311],{},[43,140434,140436],{"className":45,"code":140435,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,140437,140438],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140439,140440,140442,140444,140446,140448,140450,140452,140455,140457],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140441,3994],{"class":66},[52,140443,3406],{"class":756},[52,140445,4171],{"class":760},[52,140447,3406],{"class":756},[52,140449,74],{"class":66},[52,140451,3401],{"class":756},[52,140453,140454],{"class":760},"banana cherry grape",[52,140456,3406],{"class":756},[52,140458,90],{"class":66},[38,140460,140,140462,11793],{"id":140461},"what-split-returns",[15,140463,60609],{},[20,140465,140466,140467,140469,140470,242],{},"The result of ",[15,140468,60609],{}," is always a ",[3842,140471,8179],{},[20,140473,140474],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140476,2324],{},[43,140478,140480],{"className":45,"code":140479,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140481,140482,140495,140517,140521,140531,140545],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140483,140484,140486,140488,140490,140493],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140485,34785],{"class":58},[52,140487,63],{"class":62},[52,140489,768],{"class":756},[52,140491,140492],{"class":760},"cat,dog,bird",[52,140494,3465],{"class":756},[52,140496,140497,140499,140501,140503,140505,140507,140509,140511,140513,140515],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140498,42920],{"class":58},[52,140500,63],{"class":62},[52,140502,42925],{"class":58},[52,140504,242],{"class":66},[52,140506,34566],{"class":108},[52,140508,105],{"class":66},[52,140510,757],{"class":756},[52,140512,74],{"class":760},[52,140514,757],{"class":756},[52,140516,112],{"class":66},[52,140518,140519],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140520,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,140522,140523,140525,140527,140529],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,140524,118],{"class":101},[52,140526,105],{"class":66},[52,140528,42952],{"class":108},[52,140530,112],{"class":66},[52,140532,140533,140535,140537,140539,140541,140543],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,140534,118],{"class":101},[52,140536,105],{"class":66},[52,140538,1827],{"class":1184},[52,140540,105],{"class":66},[52,140542,42952],{"class":108},[52,140544,510],{"class":66},[52,140546,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555,140557],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,140548,118],{"class":101},[52,140550,105],{"class":66},[52,140552,42952],{"class":108},[52,140554,3994],{"class":66},[52,140556,207],{"class":70},[52,140558,1858],{"class":66},[20,140560,311],{},[43,140562,140564],{"className":45,"code":140563,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140565,140566,140594,140608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140567,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576,140578,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140569,3994],{"class":66},[52,140571,3406],{"class":756},[52,140573,37141],{"class":760},[52,140575,3406],{"class":756},[52,140577,74],{"class":66},[52,140579,3401],{"class":756},[52,140581,58207],{"class":760},[52,140583,3406],{"class":756},[52,140585,74],{"class":66},[52,140587,3401],{"class":756},[52,140589,58224],{"class":760},[52,140591,3406],{"class":756},[52,140593,90],{"class":66},[52,140595,140596,140598,140600,140602,140604,140606],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140597,3395],{"class":62},[52,140599,3398],{"class":2184},[52,140601,3401],{"class":756},[52,140603,8179],{"class":760},[52,140605,3406],{"class":756},[52,140607,3409],{"class":62},[52,140609,140610],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140611,85540],{"class":58},[20,140613,140614],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[153,140616,140617,140620,140623],{},[156,140618,140619],{},"loop over it",[156,140621,140622],{},"access items by index",[156,140624,140625],{},"combine items again later",[20,140627,140628,140629,242],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[236,140630,126421,140632,10828],{"href":140631},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140633,1465],{},[20,140635,2324],{},[43,140637,140639],{"className":45,"code":140638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140640,140641,140673,140695,140699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140642,140643,140645,140647,140649,140651,140653,140655,140657,140659,140661,140663,140665,140667,140669,140671],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140644,42920],{"class":58},[52,140646,63],{"class":62},[52,140648,67],{"class":66},[52,140650,3406],{"class":756},[52,140652,37141],{"class":760},[52,140654,3406],{"class":756},[52,140656,74],{"class":66},[52,140658,3401],{"class":756},[52,140660,58207],{"class":760},[52,140662,3406],{"class":756},[52,140664,74],{"class":66},[52,140666,3401],{"class":756},[52,140668,58224],{"class":760},[52,140670,3406],{"class":756},[52,140672,90],{"class":66},[52,140674,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689,140691,140693],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140676,34785],{"class":58},[52,140678,63],{"class":62},[52,140680,768],{"class":756},[52,140682,2142],{"class":760},[52,140684,757],{"class":756},[52,140686,242],{"class":66},[52,140688,836],{"class":108},[52,140690,105],{"class":66},[52,140692,42952],{"class":108},[52,140694,112],{"class":66},[52,140696,140697],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,140698,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,140700,140701,140703,140705,140707],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,140702,118],{"class":101},[52,140704,105],{"class":66},[52,140706,34806],{"class":108},[52,140708,112],{"class":66},[20,140710,311],{},[43,140712,140714],{"className":45,"code":140713,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140715,140716],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140717,140718,140720,140722,140724,140726],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140719,37141],{"class":58},[52,140721,2142],{"class":62},[52,140723,58207],{"class":58},[52,140725,2142],{"class":62},[52,140727,140728],{"class":58},"bird\n",[38,140730,140732],{"id":140731},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140734,140735],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[461,140737,140739],{"id":140738},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[43,140741,140743],{"className":45,"code":140742,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140744,140745,140753],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140746,140747,140749,140751],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140748,34785],{"class":58},[52,140750,63],{"class":62},[52,140752,7966],{"class":756},[52,140754,140755,140757,140759,140761,140763,140765],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140756,118],{"class":101},[52,140758,105],{"class":66},[52,140760,34806],{"class":108},[52,140762,242],{"class":66},[52,140764,34566],{"class":108},[52,140766,7276],{"class":66},[20,140768,311],{},[43,140770,140771],{"className":45,"code":38390,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,140772,140773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140774,140775],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140776,38390],{"class":66},[461,140778,140780],{"id":140779},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[43,140782,140784],{"className":45,"code":140783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140785,140786,140794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140787,140788,140790,140792],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140789,34785],{"class":58},[52,140791,63],{"class":62},[52,140793,7966],{"class":756},[52,140795,140796,140798,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140797,118],{"class":101},[52,140799,105],{"class":66},[52,140801,34806],{"class":108},[52,140803,242],{"class":66},[52,140805,34566],{"class":108},[52,140807,105],{"class":66},[52,140809,757],{"class":756},[52,140811,74],{"class":760},[52,140813,757],{"class":756},[52,140815,510],{"class":66},[20,140817,311],{},[43,140819,140821],{"className":45,"code":140820,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['']\n",[15,140822,140823],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140824,140825,140827,140829],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140826,3994],{"class":66},[52,140828,3873],{"class":756},[52,140830,90],{"class":66},[461,140832,140834],{"id":140833},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140836,140837],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[43,140839,140841],{"className":45,"code":140840,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140842,140843,140855],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140844,140845,140847,140849,140851,140853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140846,34785],{"class":58},[52,140848,63],{"class":62},[52,140850,768],{"class":756},[52,140852,761],{"class":760},[52,140854,3465],{"class":756},[52,140856,140857,140859,140861,140863,140865,140867,140869,140871,140873,140875],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140858,118],{"class":101},[52,140860,105],{"class":66},[52,140862,34806],{"class":108},[52,140864,242],{"class":66},[52,140866,34566],{"class":108},[52,140868,105],{"class":66},[52,140870,757],{"class":756},[52,140872,74],{"class":760},[52,140874,757],{"class":756},[52,140876,510],{"class":66},[20,140878,311],{},[43,140880,140882],{"className":45,"code":140881,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"['hello']\n",[15,140883,140884],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140885,140886,140888,140890,140892,140894],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140887,3994],{"class":66},[52,140889,3406],{"class":756},[52,140891,761],{"class":760},[52,140893,3406],{"class":756},[52,140895,90],{"class":66},[38,140897,5054,140899],{"id":140898},"when-to-use-split",[15,140900,60609],{},[20,140902,133,140903,140905],{},[15,140904,60609],{}," when you need to:",[153,140907,140908,140911,140914],{},[156,140909,140910],{},"split a sentence into words",[156,140912,140913],{},"split comma-separated values",[156,140915,140916],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140918,140919],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[153,140921,140922,140925,140928],{},[156,140923,140924],{},"cleaning text",[156,140926,140927],{},"parsing user input",[156,140929,140930],{},"processing simple file content",[38,140932,1766],{"id":1765},[20,140934,84311],{},[153,140936,140937,140941,140947,140950,140958],{},[156,140938,50589,140939,131641],{},[15,140940,60609],{},[156,140942,140943,140944,140946],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140945,60609],{}," returns a list, not a string",[156,140948,140949],{},"using the wrong separator",[156,140951,140952,140953,140955,140956],{},"assuming ",[15,140954,139892],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140957,60609],{},[156,140959,140960],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140962,140963],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[43,140965,140967],{"className":45,"code":140966,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140968,140969,140981,140999,141003],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,140970,140971,140973,140975,140977,140979],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,140972,34785],{"class":58},[52,140974,63],{"class":62},[52,140976,768],{"class":756},[52,140978,42913],{"class":760},[52,140980,3465],{"class":756},[52,140982,140983,140985,140987,140989,140991,140993,140995,140997],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,140984,34806],{"class":58},[52,140986,242],{"class":66},[52,140988,34566],{"class":108},[52,140990,105],{"class":66},[52,140992,757],{"class":756},[52,140994,74],{"class":760},[52,140996,757],{"class":756},[52,140998,112],{"class":66},[52,141000,141001],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141002,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,141004,141005,141007,141009,141011],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,141006,118],{"class":101},[52,141008,105],{"class":66},[52,141010,34806],{"class":108},[52,141012,112],{"class":66},[20,141014,311],{},[43,141016,141018],{"className":45,"code":141017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a,b,c\n",[15,141019,141020],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141021,141022,141024,141026,141028,141030],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141023,236],{"class":58},[52,141025,74],{"class":66},[52,141027,4853],{"class":58},[52,141029,74],{"class":66},[52,141031,69321],{"class":58},[20,141033,141034],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,141036,10895],{},[43,141038,141039],{"className":45,"code":42900,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,141040,141041,141053,141075,141079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141042,141043,141045,141047,141049,141051],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141044,34785],{"class":58},[52,141046,63],{"class":62},[52,141048,768],{"class":756},[52,141050,42913],{"class":760},[52,141052,3465],{"class":756},[52,141054,141055,141057,141059,141061,141063,141065,141067,141069,141071,141073],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141056,42920],{"class":58},[52,141058,63],{"class":62},[52,141060,42925],{"class":58},[52,141062,242],{"class":66},[52,141064,34566],{"class":108},[52,141066,105],{"class":66},[52,141068,757],{"class":756},[52,141070,74],{"class":760},[52,141072,757],{"class":756},[52,141074,112],{"class":66},[52,141076,141077],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141078,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,141080,141081,141083,141085,141087],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,141082,118],{"class":101},[52,141084,105],{"class":66},[52,141086,42952],{"class":108},[52,141088,112],{"class":66},[20,141090,311],{},[43,141092,141093],{"className":45,"code":42959,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,141094,141095],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141096,141097,141099,141101,141103,141105,141107,141109,141111,141113,141115,141117,141119,141121],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141098,3994],{"class":66},[52,141100,3406],{"class":756},[52,141102,236],{"class":760},[52,141104,3406],{"class":756},[52,141106,74],{"class":66},[52,141108,3401],{"class":756},[52,141110,4853],{"class":760},[52,141112,3406],{"class":756},[52,141114,74],{"class":66},[52,141116,3401],{"class":756},[52,141118,9825],{"class":760},[52,141120,3406],{"class":756},[52,141122,90],{"class":66},[20,141124,141125],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[43,141127,141129],{"className":45,"code":141128,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,141130,141131,141144,141166,141170],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141132,141133,141135,141137,141139,141142],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141134,34785],{"class":58},[52,141136,63],{"class":62},[52,141138,768],{"class":756},[52,141140,141141],{"class":760},"apple,banana",[52,141143,3465],{"class":756},[52,141145,141146,141148,141150,141152,141154,141156,141158,141160,141162,141164],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141147,42920],{"class":58},[52,141149,63],{"class":62},[52,141151,42925],{"class":58},[52,141153,242],{"class":66},[52,141155,34566],{"class":108},[52,141157,105],{"class":66},[52,141159,757],{"class":756},[52,141161,74],{"class":760},[52,141163,757],{"class":756},[52,141165,112],{"class":66},[52,141167,141168],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141169,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,141171,141172,141174,141176,141178,141180,141182],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,141173,118],{"class":101},[52,141175,105],{"class":66},[52,141177,42952],{"class":108},[52,141179,3994],{"class":66},[52,141181,440],{"class":70},[52,141183,1858],{"class":66},[20,141185,141186,141187,242],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[236,141188,69334],{"href":69333},[461,141190,60786],{"id":60785},[20,141192,1800,141193,141195],{},[15,141194,60609],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[43,141197,141199],{"className":45,"code":141198,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,141200,141201,141211,141225,141247,141273],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141202,141203,141205,141207,141209],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141204,118],{"class":101},[52,141206,105],{"class":66},[52,141208,34806],{"class":108},[52,141210,112],{"class":66},[52,141212,141213,141215,141217,141219,141221,141223],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141214,118],{"class":101},[52,141216,105],{"class":66},[52,141218,34806],{"class":108},[52,141220,242],{"class":66},[52,141222,34566],{"class":108},[52,141224,7276],{"class":66},[52,141226,141227,141229,141231,141233,141235,141237,141239,141241,141243,141245],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141228,118],{"class":101},[52,141230,105],{"class":66},[52,141232,34806],{"class":108},[52,141234,242],{"class":66},[52,141236,34566],{"class":108},[52,141238,105],{"class":66},[52,141240,3406],{"class":756},[52,141242,74],{"class":760},[52,141244,3406],{"class":756},[52,141246,510],{"class":66},[52,141248,141249,141251,141253,141255,141257,141259,141261,141263,141265,141267,141269,141271],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,141250,118],{"class":101},[52,141252,105],{"class":66},[52,141254,11250],{"class":101},[52,141256,105],{"class":66},[52,141258,34806],{"class":108},[52,141260,242],{"class":66},[52,141262,34566],{"class":108},[52,141264,105],{"class":66},[52,141266,3406],{"class":756},[52,141268,74],{"class":760},[52,141270,3406],{"class":756},[52,141272,622],{"class":66},[52,141274,141275,141277,141279,141281,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,141276,118],{"class":101},[52,141278,105],{"class":66},[52,141280,1827],{"class":1184},[52,141282,105],{"class":66},[52,141284,34806],{"class":108},[52,141286,242],{"class":66},[52,141288,34566],{"class":108},[52,141290,105],{"class":66},[52,141292,3406],{"class":756},[52,141294,74],{"class":760},[52,141296,3406],{"class":756},[52,141298,622],{"class":66},[20,141300,11259],{},[153,141302,141303,141306,141309,141312],{},[156,141304,141305],{},"what the original string looks like",[156,141307,141308],{},"which separator works",[156,141310,141311],{},"how many items were created",[156,141313,141314],{},"that the result is a list",[38,141316,1919],{"id":1918},[461,141318,5270,141320,652,141322,1963],{"id":141319},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,141321,60609],{},[15,141323,139892],{},[20,141325,141326,141328],{},[15,141327,60609],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,141330,141331,141333],{},[15,141332,139892],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[461,141335,12792,141337,124748],{"id":141336},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,141338,60609],{},[20,141340,141341,141342,56558],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,141343,60609],{},[461,141345,1923,141347,40053],{"id":141346},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,141348,139669],{},[20,141350,141351],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[461,141353,141355],{"id":141354},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,141357,29156,141358,141360],{},[15,141359,60609],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[38,141362,1986],{"id":1985},[153,141364,141365,141369,141375,141381,141385],{},[156,141366,141367],{},[236,141368,130026],{"href":129104},[156,141370,141371],{},[236,141372,126421,141373,10828],{"href":140631},[15,141374,1465],{},[156,141376,141377],{},[236,141378,126421,141379,10828],{"href":136984},[15,141380,41739],{},[156,141382,141383],{},[236,141384,125176],{"href":51059},[156,141386,141387],{},[236,141388,69334],{"href":69333},[2029,141390,141391],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":141393},[141394,141395,141397,141398,141403,141404,141406,141408,141413,141415,141418,141427],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":139499,"depth":93,"text":141396},"What split() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":139747,"depth":93,"text":141399,"children":141400},"Using split() with no separator",[141401],{"id":139887,"depth":115,"text":141402},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":140050,"depth":93,"text":140051},{"id":140260,"depth":93,"text":141405},"Using maxsplit",{"id":140461,"depth":93,"text":141407},"What split() returns",{"id":140731,"depth":93,"text":140732,"children":141409},[141410,141411,141412],{"id":140738,"depth":115,"text":140739},{"id":140779,"depth":115,"text":140780},{"id":140833,"depth":115,"text":140834},{"id":140898,"depth":93,"text":141414},"When to use split()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":141416},[141417],{"id":60785,"depth":115,"text":60786},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":141419},[141420,141422,141424,141426],{"id":141319,"depth":115,"text":141421},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":141336,"depth":115,"text":141423},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":141346,"depth":115,"text":141425},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":141354,"depth":115,"text":141355},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":139408,"description":141428},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":141435,"title":141436,"body":141437,"description":143380,"extension":2083,"meta":143381,"navigation":296,"path":143382,"seo":143383,"stem":143384,"__hash__":143385},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":141438,"toc":143339},[141439,141444,141449,141456,141529,141534,141539,141544,141560,141562,141632,141634,141636,141656,141658,141703,141708,141710,141808,141813,141817,141822,141826,141829,141871,141875,141878,141923,141927,141930,141980,141984,141989,142041,142043,142048,142059,142064,142144,142146,142158,142167,142174,142189,142191,142306,142312,142316,142319,142324,142466,142469,142476,142478,142482,142490,142559,142565,142614,142619,142624,142626,142646,142648,142714,142716,142720,142723,142727,142768,142770,142803,142808,142811,142838,142840,142883,142890,142895,142905,142971,142975,142983,142988,143039,143043,143046,143048,143057,143059,143109,143111,143218,143220,143225,143232,143238,143241,143272,143277,143279,143286,143294,143303,143306,143308,143336],[10,141440,123421,141442,11411],{"id":141441},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,141443,127789],{},[20,141445,123426,141446,141448],{},[15,141447,127789],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,141450,126487,141451,1943,141453,141455],{},[15,141452,173],{},[15,141454,655],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[43,141457,141459],{"className":45,"code":141458,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,141460,141461,141474,141478,141503],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141462,141463,141465,141467,141469,141472],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141464,34785],{"class":58},[52,141466,63],{"class":62},[52,141468,768],{"class":756},[52,141470,141471],{"class":760},"Python Beginner Help",[52,141473,3465],{"class":756},[52,141475,141476],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141477,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,141479,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141481,118],{"class":101},[52,141483,105],{"class":66},[52,141485,34806],{"class":108},[52,141487,242],{"class":66},[52,141489,141490],{"class":108},"startswith",[52,141492,105],{"class":66},[52,141494,757],{"class":756},[52,141496,7379],{"class":760},[52,141498,757],{"class":756},[52,141500,5450],{"class":66},[52,141502,43939],{"class":129},[52,141504,141505,141507,141509,141511,141513,141515,141517,141519,141522,141524,141526],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,141506,118],{"class":101},[52,141508,105],{"class":66},[52,141510,34806],{"class":108},[52,141512,242],{"class":66},[52,141514,141490],{"class":108},[52,141516,105],{"class":66},[52,141518,757],{"class":756},[52,141520,141521],{"class":760},"Beginner",[52,141523,757],{"class":756},[52,141525,5450],{"class":66},[52,141527,141528],{"class":129}," # False\n",[20,141530,133,141531,141533],{},[15,141532,127789],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[38,141535,140,141537,143],{"id":141536},"what-startswith-does",[15,141538,127789],{},[20,141540,141541,141543],{},[15,141542,127789],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[153,141545,141546,141549,141555,141557],{},[156,141547,141548],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[156,141550,5240,141551,1943,141553],{},[15,141552,173],{},[15,141554,655],{},[156,141556,123564],{},[156,141558,141559],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141561,2324],{},[43,141563,141565],{"className":45,"code":141564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141566,141567,141579,141583,141608],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141568,141569,141571,141573,141575,141577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141570,7961],{"class":58},[52,141572,63],{"class":62},[52,141574,768],{"class":756},[52,141576,7379],{"class":760},[52,141578,3465],{"class":756},[52,141580,141581],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141582,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,141584,141585,141587,141589,141591,141593,141595,141597,141599,141602,141604,141606],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141586,118],{"class":101},[52,141588,105],{"class":66},[52,141590,7751],{"class":108},[52,141592,242],{"class":66},[52,141594,141490],{"class":108},[52,141596,105],{"class":66},[52,141598,757],{"class":756},[52,141600,141601],{"class":760},"Py",[52,141603,757],{"class":756},[52,141605,5450],{"class":66},[52,141607,43939],{"class":129},[52,141609,141610,141612,141614,141616,141618,141620,141622,141624,141626,141628,141630],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,141611,118],{"class":101},[52,141613,105],{"class":66},[52,141615,7751],{"class":108},[52,141617,242],{"class":66},[52,141619,141490],{"class":108},[52,141621,105],{"class":66},[52,141623,757],{"class":756},[52,141625,128867],{"class":760},[52,141627,757],{"class":756},[52,141629,5450],{"class":66},[52,141631,43956],{"class":129},[38,141633,181],{"id":180},[20,141635,42468],{},[43,141637,141639],{"className":45,"code":141638,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141640,141641],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141642,141643,141645,141647,141649,141651,141654],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141644,61250],{"class":58},[52,141646,242],{"class":66},[52,141648,141490],{"class":108},[52,141650,105],{"class":66},[52,141652,141653],{"class":108},"prefix",[52,141655,112],{"class":66},[20,141657,30859],{},[43,141659,141661],{"className":45,"code":141660,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141662,141663,141681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141664,141665,141667,141669,141671,141673,141675,141677,141679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141666,61250],{"class":58},[52,141668,242],{"class":66},[52,141670,141490],{"class":108},[52,141672,105],{"class":66},[52,141674,141653],{"class":108},[52,141676,74],{"class":66},[52,141678,202],{"class":108},[52,141680,112],{"class":66},[52,141682,141683,141685,141687,141689,141691,141693,141695,141697,141699,141701],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141684,61250],{"class":58},[52,141686,242],{"class":66},[52,141688,141490],{"class":108},[52,141690,105],{"class":66},[52,141692,141653],{"class":108},[52,141694,74],{"class":66},[52,141696,202],{"class":108},[52,141698,74],{"class":66},[52,141700,65116],{"class":108},[52,141702,112],{"class":66},[20,141704,20865,141705,141707],{},[15,141706,141653],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141709,2324],{},[43,141711,141713],{"className":45,"code":141712,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141714,141715,141727,141731,141756,141780],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141716,141717,141719,141721,141723,141725],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141718,34785],{"class":58},[52,141720,63],{"class":62},[52,141722,768],{"class":756},[52,141724,60486],{"class":760},[52,141726,3465],{"class":756},[52,141728,141729],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141730,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,141732,141733,141735,141737,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,141734,118],{"class":101},[52,141736,105],{"class":66},[52,141738,34806],{"class":108},[52,141740,242],{"class":66},[52,141742,141490],{"class":108},[52,141744,105],{"class":66},[52,141746,757],{"class":756},[52,141748,761],{"class":760},[52,141750,757],{"class":756},[52,141752,5450],{"class":66},[52,141754,141755],{"class":129},"      # True\n",[52,141757,141758,141760,141762,141764,141766,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,141759,118],{"class":101},[52,141761,105],{"class":66},[52,141763,34806],{"class":108},[52,141765,242],{"class":66},[52,141767,141490],{"class":108},[52,141769,105],{"class":66},[52,141771,757],{"class":756},[52,141773,771],{"class":760},[52,141775,757],{"class":756},[52,141777,5450],{"class":66},[52,141779,21295],{"class":129},[52,141781,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141794,141796,141798,141800,141802,141804,141806],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,141783,118],{"class":101},[52,141785,105],{"class":66},[52,141787,34806],{"class":108},[52,141789,242],{"class":66},[52,141791,141490],{"class":108},[52,141793,105],{"class":66},[52,141795,757],{"class":756},[52,141797,771],{"class":760},[52,141799,757],{"class":756},[52,141801,74],{"class":66},[52,141803,619],{"class":70},[52,141805,5450],{"class":66},[52,141807,43939],{"class":129},[20,141809,141810,141811,242],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[236,141812,125176],{"href":51059},[38,141814,141816],{"id":141815},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141818,141819,141821],{},[15,141820,127789],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[461,141823,141824],{"id":141653},[15,141825,141653],{},[20,141827,141828],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[43,141830,141832],{"className":45,"code":141831,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141833,141834,141846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141835,141836,141838,141840,141842,141844],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141837,34785],{"class":58},[52,141839,63],{"class":62},[52,141841,768],{"class":756},[52,141843,4180],{"class":760},[52,141845,3465],{"class":756},[52,141847,141848,141850,141852,141854,141856,141858,141860,141862,141865,141867,141869],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141849,118],{"class":101},[52,141851,105],{"class":66},[52,141853,34806],{"class":108},[52,141855,242],{"class":66},[52,141857,141490],{"class":108},[52,141859,105],{"class":66},[52,141861,757],{"class":756},[52,141863,141864],{"class":760},"ban",[52,141866,757],{"class":756},[52,141868,5450],{"class":66},[52,141870,3765],{"class":129},[461,141872,141873],{"id":35},[15,141874,35],{},[20,141876,141877],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[43,141879,141881],{"className":45,"code":141880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141882,141883,141895],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141884,141885,141887,141889,141891,141893],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141886,34785],{"class":58},[52,141888,63],{"class":62},[52,141890,768],{"class":756},[52,141892,60486],{"class":760},[52,141894,3465],{"class":756},[52,141896,141897,141899,141901,141903,141905,141907,141909,141911,141913,141915,141917,141919,141921],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141898,118],{"class":101},[52,141900,105],{"class":66},[52,141902,34806],{"class":108},[52,141904,242],{"class":66},[52,141906,141490],{"class":108},[52,141908,105],{"class":66},[52,141910,757],{"class":756},[52,141912,771],{"class":760},[52,141914,757],{"class":756},[52,141916,74],{"class":66},[52,141918,619],{"class":70},[52,141920,5450],{"class":66},[52,141922,3765],{"class":129},[461,141924,141925],{"id":52742},[15,141926,52742],{},[20,141928,141929],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[43,141931,141933],{"className":45,"code":141932,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141934,141935,141947],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141936,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141938,34785],{"class":58},[52,141940,63],{"class":62},[52,141942,768],{"class":756},[52,141944,60486],{"class":760},[52,141946,3465],{"class":756},[52,141948,141949,141951,141953,141955,141957,141959,141961,141963,141966,141968,141970,141972,141974,141976,141978],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,141950,118],{"class":101},[52,141952,105],{"class":66},[52,141954,34806],{"class":108},[52,141956,242],{"class":66},[52,141958,141490],{"class":108},[52,141960,105],{"class":66},[52,141962,757],{"class":756},[52,141964,141965],{"class":760},"wor",[52,141967,757],{"class":756},[52,141969,74],{"class":66},[52,141971,619],{"class":70},[52,141973,74],{"class":66},[52,141975,1605],{"class":70},[52,141977,5450],{"class":66},[52,141979,3765],{"class":129},[461,141981,141983],{"id":141982},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141985,141986,141988],{},[15,141987,141653],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[43,141990,141992],{"className":45,"code":141991,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141993,141994,142007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,141995,141996,141998,142000,142002,142005],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,141997,126504],{"class":58},[52,141999,63],{"class":62},[52,142001,768],{"class":756},[52,142003,142004],{"class":760},"img_001.png",[52,142006,3465],{"class":756},[52,142008,142009,142011,142013,142015,142017,142019,142021,142023,142026,142028,142030,142032,142035,142037,142039],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142010,118],{"class":101},[52,142012,105],{"class":66},[52,142014,126522],{"class":108},[52,142016,242],{"class":66},[52,142018,141490],{"class":108},[52,142020,5599],{"class":66},[52,142022,757],{"class":756},[52,142024,142025],{"class":760},"img_",[52,142027,757],{"class":756},[52,142029,74],{"class":66},[52,142031,768],{"class":756},[52,142033,142034],{"class":760},"photo_",[52,142036,757],{"class":756},[52,142038,51175],{"class":66},[52,142040,3765],{"class":129},[38,142042,17512],{"id":17511},[20,142044,142045,142047],{},[15,142046,127789],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[153,142049,142050,142055],{},[156,142051,142052,142054],{},[15,142053,173],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[156,142056,142057,127106],{},[15,142058,655],{},[20,142060,142061,142062,7254],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,142063,7079],{},[43,142065,142067],{"className":45,"code":142066,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,142068,142069,142083,142087,142108,142123,142129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142070,142071,142074,142076,142078,142081],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142072,142073],{"class":58},"command ",[52,142075,63],{"class":62},[52,142077,768],{"class":756},[52,142079,142080],{"class":760},"\u002Fhelp",[52,142082,3465],{"class":756},[52,142084,142085],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142086,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142088,142089,142091,142094,142096,142098,142100,142102,142104,142106],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142090,7079],{"class":1195},[52,142092,142093],{"class":58}," command",[52,142095,242],{"class":66},[52,142097,141490],{"class":108},[52,142099,105],{"class":66},[52,142101,757],{"class":756},[52,142103,127313],{"class":760},[52,142105,757],{"class":756},[52,142107,8428],{"class":66},[52,142109,142110,142112,142114,142116,142119,142121],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,142111,8154],{"class":101},[52,142113,105],{"class":66},[52,142115,757],{"class":756},[52,142117,142118],{"class":760},"This looks like a command.",[52,142120,757],{"class":756},[52,142122,112],{"class":66},[52,142124,142125,142127],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,142126,27528],{"class":1195},[52,142128,1689],{"class":66},[52,142130,142131,142133,142135,142137,142140,142142],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,142132,8154],{"class":101},[52,142134,105],{"class":66},[52,142136,757],{"class":756},[52,142138,142139],{"class":760},"This is normal text.",[52,142141,757],{"class":756},[52,142143,112],{"class":66},[20,142145,311],{},[43,142147,142149],{"className":45,"code":142148,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,142150,142151],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142152,142153,142156],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142154,142155],{"class":58},"This looks like a command",[52,142157,122453],{"class":66},[38,142159,1372,142161,8791,142163,652,142165],{"id":142160},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,142162,127789],{},[15,142164,35],{},[15,142166,52742],{},[20,142168,2100,142169,652,142171,142173],{},[15,142170,35],{},[15,142172,52742],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[153,142175,142176,142181,142186],{},[156,142177,142178,142180],{},[15,142179,35],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[156,142182,142183,142185],{},[15,142184,52742],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[156,142187,142188],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,142190,2324],{},[43,142192,142194],{"className":45,"code":142193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,142195,142196,142208,142212,142241,142274],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142197,142198,142200,142202,142204,142206],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142199,34785],{"class":58},[52,142201,63],{"class":62},[52,142203,768],{"class":756},[52,142205,139693],{"class":760},[52,142207,3465],{"class":756},[52,142209,142210],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142211,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142213,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222,142224,142226,142228,142230,142232,142234,142236,142238],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142215,118],{"class":101},[52,142217,105],{"class":66},[52,142219,34806],{"class":108},[52,142221,242],{"class":66},[52,142223,141490],{"class":108},[52,142225,105],{"class":66},[52,142227,757],{"class":756},[52,142229,79344],{"class":760},[52,142231,757],{"class":756},[52,142233,74],{"class":66},[52,142235,87],{"class":70},[52,142237,5450],{"class":66},[52,142239,142240],{"class":129},"        # True\n",[52,142242,142243,142245,142247,142249,142251,142253,142255,142257,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267,142270,142272],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,142244,118],{"class":101},[52,142246,105],{"class":66},[52,142248,34806],{"class":108},[52,142250,242],{"class":66},[52,142252,141490],{"class":108},[52,142254,105],{"class":66},[52,142256,757],{"class":756},[52,142258,134303],{"class":760},[52,142260,757],{"class":756},[52,142262,74],{"class":66},[52,142264,6445],{"class":70},[52,142266,74],{"class":66},[52,142268,142269],{"class":70}," 13",[52,142271,5450],{"class":66},[52,142273,3765],{"class":129},[52,142275,142276,142278,142280,142282,142284,142286,142288,142290,142292,142294,142296,142298,142300,142302,142304],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,142277,118],{"class":101},[52,142279,105],{"class":66},[52,142281,34806],{"class":108},[52,142283,242],{"class":66},[52,142285,141490],{"class":108},[52,142287,105],{"class":66},[52,142289,757],{"class":756},[52,142291,134303],{"class":760},[52,142293,757],{"class":756},[52,142295,74],{"class":66},[52,142297,6445],{"class":70},[52,142299,74],{"class":66},[52,142301,31038],{"class":70},[52,142303,5450],{"class":66},[52,142305,4864],{"class":129},[20,142307,142308,142309,142311],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,142310,52742],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[38,142313,142315],{"id":142314},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,142317,142318],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,142320,142321,142322,49431],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,142323,40927],{},[43,142325,142327],{"className":45,"code":142326,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,142328,142329,142343,142357,142371,142375,142399,142403,142424,142445],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142330,142331,142334,142336,142338,142341],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142332,142333],{"class":58},"filename1 ",[52,142335,63],{"class":62},[52,142337,768],{"class":756},[52,142339,142340],{"class":760},"img_101.jpg",[52,142342,3465],{"class":756},[52,142344,142345,142348,142350,142352,142355],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142346,142347],{"class":58},"filename2 ",[52,142349,63],{"class":62},[52,142351,768],{"class":756},[52,142353,142354],{"class":760},"photo_202.jpg",[52,142356,3465],{"class":756},[52,142358,142359,142362,142364,142366,142369],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142360,142361],{"class":58},"filename3 ",[52,142363,63],{"class":62},[52,142365,768],{"class":756},[52,142367,142368],{"class":760},"doc_303.jpg",[52,142370,3465],{"class":756},[52,142372,142373],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,142374,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142376,142377,142379,142381,142383,142385,142387,142389,142391,142393,142395,142397],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,142378,127716],{"class":58},[52,142380,63],{"class":62},[52,142382,9321],{"class":66},[52,142384,757],{"class":756},[52,142386,142025],{"class":760},[52,142388,757],{"class":756},[52,142390,74],{"class":66},[52,142392,768],{"class":756},[52,142394,142034],{"class":760},[52,142396,757],{"class":756},[52,142398,112],{"class":66},[52,142400,142401],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,142402,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142404,142405,142407,142409,142412,142414,142416,142418,142420,142422],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,142406,118],{"class":101},[52,142408,105],{"class":66},[52,142410,142411],{"class":108},"filename1",[52,142413,242],{"class":66},[52,142415,141490],{"class":108},[52,142417,105],{"class":66},[52,142419,127768],{"class":108},[52,142421,5450],{"class":66},[52,142423,3765],{"class":129},[52,142425,142426,142428,142430,142433,142435,142437,142439,142441,142443],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,142427,118],{"class":101},[52,142429,105],{"class":66},[52,142431,142432],{"class":108},"filename2",[52,142434,242],{"class":66},[52,142436,141490],{"class":108},[52,142438,105],{"class":66},[52,142440,127768],{"class":108},[52,142442,5450],{"class":66},[52,142444,3765],{"class":129},[52,142446,142447,142449,142451,142454,142456,142458,142460,142462,142464],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,142448,118],{"class":101},[52,142450,105],{"class":66},[52,142452,142453],{"class":108},"filename3",[52,142455,242],{"class":66},[52,142457,141490],{"class":108},[52,142459,105],{"class":66},[52,142461,127768],{"class":108},[52,142463,5450],{"class":66},[52,142465,4864],{"class":129},[20,142467,142468],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,142470,74846,142471,142475],{},[236,142472,126421,142473,10828],{"href":130015},[15,142474,126479],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[38,142477,124068],{"id":124067},[20,142479,142480,123879],{},[15,142481,127789],{},[20,142483,127466,142484,652,142487,127473],{},[15,142485,142486],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142488,142489],{},"\"python\"",[43,142491,142493],{"className":45,"code":142492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142494,142495,142507,142511,142535],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142496,142497,142499,142501,142503,142505],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142498,34785],{"class":58},[52,142500,63],{"class":62},[52,142502,768],{"class":756},[52,142504,7379],{"class":760},[52,142506,3465],{"class":756},[52,142508,142509],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142510,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142512,142513,142515,142517,142519,142521,142523,142525,142527,142529,142531,142533],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142514,118],{"class":101},[52,142516,105],{"class":66},[52,142518,34806],{"class":108},[52,142520,242],{"class":66},[52,142522,141490],{"class":108},[52,142524,105],{"class":66},[52,142526,757],{"class":756},[52,142528,141601],{"class":760},[52,142530,757],{"class":756},[52,142532,5450],{"class":66},[52,142534,3765],{"class":129},[52,142536,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142553,142555,142557],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,142538,118],{"class":101},[52,142540,105],{"class":66},[52,142542,34806],{"class":108},[52,142544,242],{"class":66},[52,142546,141490],{"class":108},[52,142548,105],{"class":66},[52,142550,757],{"class":756},[52,142552,128867],{"class":760},[52,142554,757],{"class":756},[52,142556,5450],{"class":66},[52,142558,4864],{"class":129},[20,142560,127558,142561,242],{},[236,142562,142563],{"href":124148},[15,142564,124151],{},[43,142566,142568],{"className":45,"code":142567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142569,142570,142582,142586],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142571,142572,142574,142576,142578,142580],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142573,34785],{"class":58},[52,142575,63],{"class":62},[52,142577,768],{"class":756},[52,142579,7379],{"class":760},[52,142581,3465],{"class":756},[52,142583,142584],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142585,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142587,142588,142590,142592,142594,142596,142598,142600,142602,142604,142606,142608,142610,142612],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142589,118],{"class":101},[52,142591,105],{"class":66},[52,142593,34806],{"class":108},[52,142595,242],{"class":66},[52,142597,8726],{"class":108},[52,142599,8723],{"class":66},[52,142601,141490],{"class":108},[52,142603,105],{"class":66},[52,142605,757],{"class":756},[52,142607,128867],{"class":760},[52,142609,757],{"class":756},[52,142611,5450],{"class":66},[52,142613,3765],{"class":129},[38,142615,5054,142617],{"id":142616},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142618,127789],{},[20,142620,142621,142623],{},[15,142622,127789],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142625,9459],{},[153,142627,142628,142631,142634,142643],{},[156,142629,142630],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[156,142632,142633],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[156,142635,142636,142637,1943,142640],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142638,142639],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142641,142642],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[156,142644,142645],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142647,2324],{},[43,142649,142651],{"className":45,"code":142650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142652,142653,142666,142670,142699],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142654,142655,142657,142659,142661,142664],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142656,127284],{"class":58},[52,142658,63],{"class":62},[52,142660,768],{"class":756},[52,142662,142663],{"class":760},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[52,142665,3465],{"class":756},[52,142667,142668],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142669,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142671,142672,142674,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685,142687,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142673,7079],{"class":1195},[52,142675,142676],{"class":58}," url",[52,142678,242],{"class":66},[52,142680,141490],{"class":108},[52,142682,5599],{"class":66},[52,142684,757],{"class":756},[52,142686,142639],{"class":760},[52,142688,757],{"class":756},[52,142690,74],{"class":66},[52,142692,768],{"class":756},[52,142694,142642],{"class":760},[52,142696,757],{"class":756},[52,142698,69638],{"class":66},[52,142700,142701,142703,142705,142707,142710,142712],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,142702,8154],{"class":101},[52,142704,105],{"class":66},[52,142706,757],{"class":756},[52,142708,142709],{"class":760},"This looks like a web URL.",[52,142711,757],{"class":756},[52,142713,112],{"class":66},[38,142715,1766],{"id":1765},[20,142717,23190,142718,242],{},[15,142719,127789],{},[461,142721,138854],{"id":142722},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142724,142725,123879],{},[15,142726,127789],{},[43,142728,142730],{"className":45,"code":142729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142731,142732,142744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142733,142734,142736,142738,142740,142742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142735,34785],{"class":58},[52,142737,63],{"class":62},[52,142739,768],{"class":756},[52,142741,7379],{"class":760},[52,142743,3465],{"class":756},[52,142745,142746,142748,142750,142752,142754,142756,142758,142760,142762,142764,142766],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142747,118],{"class":101},[52,142749,105],{"class":66},[52,142751,34806],{"class":108},[52,142753,242],{"class":66},[52,142755,141490],{"class":108},[52,142757,105],{"class":66},[52,142759,757],{"class":756},[52,142761,47],{"class":760},[52,142763,757],{"class":756},[52,142765,5450],{"class":66},[52,142767,4864],{"class":129},[20,142769,39354],{},[43,142771,142773],{"className":45,"code":142772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142774,142775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142776,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795,142797,142799,142801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142778,118],{"class":101},[52,142780,105],{"class":66},[52,142782,34806],{"class":108},[52,142784,242],{"class":66},[52,142786,8726],{"class":108},[52,142788,8723],{"class":66},[52,142790,141490],{"class":108},[52,142792,105],{"class":66},[52,142794,757],{"class":756},[52,142796,47],{"class":760},[52,142798,757],{"class":756},[52,142800,5450],{"class":66},[52,142802,3765],{"class":129},[461,142804,29745,142806,137336],{"id":142805},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142807,127789],{},[20,142809,142810],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[43,142812,142814],{"className":45,"code":142813,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142815,142816,142824,142828,142833],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142817,142818,142820,142822],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142819,2563],{"class":58},[52,142821,63],{"class":62},[52,142823,125103],{"class":70},[52,142825,142826],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142827,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142829,142830],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142831,142832],{"class":129},"# This will cause an error:\n",[52,142834,142835],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,142836,142837],{"class":129},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142839,39354],{},[43,142841,142843],{"className":45,"code":142842,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142844,142845,142859],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142846,142847,142849,142851,142853,142855,142857],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142848,2563],{"class":58},[52,142850,63],{"class":62},[52,142852,48987],{"class":1184},[52,142854,105],{"class":66},[52,142856,50329],{"class":70},[52,142858,112],{"class":66},[52,142860,142861,142863,142865,142867,142869,142871,142873,142875,142877,142879,142881],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142862,118],{"class":101},[52,142864,105],{"class":66},[52,142866,2588],{"class":108},[52,142868,242],{"class":66},[52,142870,141490],{"class":108},[52,142872,105],{"class":66},[52,142874,757],{"class":756},[52,142876,71],{"class":760},[52,142878,757],{"class":756},[52,142880,5450],{"class":66},[52,142882,3765],{"class":129},[461,142884,37298,142886,8791,142888],{"id":142885},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142887,127789],{},[15,142889,1202],{},[20,142891,142892,142894],{},[15,142893,127789],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142896,142897,142898,142900,142901,242],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142899,1202],{}," or methods like ",[236,142902,142903],{"href":124431},[15,142904,124416],{},[43,142906,142908],{"className":45,"code":142907,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142909,142910,142922,142926,142950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142911,142912,142914,142916,142918,142920],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142913,34785],{"class":58},[52,142915,63],{"class":62},[52,142917,768],{"class":756},[52,142919,60486],{"class":760},[52,142921,3465],{"class":756},[52,142923,142924],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,142925,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,142927,142928,142930,142932,142934,142936,142938,142940,142942,142944,142946,142948],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,142929,118],{"class":101},[52,142931,105],{"class":66},[52,142933,34806],{"class":108},[52,142935,242],{"class":66},[52,142937,141490],{"class":108},[52,142939,105],{"class":66},[52,142941,757],{"class":756},[52,142943,771],{"class":760},[52,142945,757],{"class":756},[52,142947,5450],{"class":66},[52,142949,4864],{"class":129},[52,142951,142952,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962,142964,142966,142968],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,142953,118],{"class":101},[52,142955,105],{"class":66},[52,142957,757],{"class":756},[52,142959,771],{"class":760},[52,142961,757],{"class":756},[52,142963,21268],{"class":1195},[52,142965,42925],{"class":108},[52,142967,126],{"class":66},[52,142969,142970],{"class":129},"           # True\n",[20,142972,135890,142973,242],{},[236,142974,127457],{"href":123676},[461,142976,4796,142978,652,142980,142982],{"id":142977},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142979,35],{},[15,142981,52742],{}," use index positions",[20,142984,142985,142986,242],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142987,207],{},[43,142989,142991],{"className":45,"code":142990,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142992,142993,143006,143010],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,142994,142995,142997,142999,143001,143004],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,142996,34785],{"class":58},[52,142998,63],{"class":62},[52,143000,768],{"class":756},[52,143002,143003],{"class":760},"abcdef",[52,143005,3465],{"class":756},[52,143007,143008],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143009,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,143011,143012,143014,143016,143018,143020,143022,143024,143026,143029,143031,143033,143035,143037],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143013,118],{"class":101},[52,143015,105],{"class":66},[52,143017,34806],{"class":108},[52,143019,242],{"class":66},[52,143021,141490],{"class":108},[52,143023,105],{"class":66},[52,143025,757],{"class":756},[52,143027,143028],{"class":760},"cd",[52,143030,757],{"class":756},[52,143032,74],{"class":66},[52,143034,77],{"class":70},[52,143036,5450],{"class":66},[52,143038,3765],{"class":129},[461,143040,143042],{"id":143041},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,143044,143045],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,143047,16736],{},[43,143049,143051],{"className":45,"code":143050,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,143052,143053],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143054,143055],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143056,143050],{"class":129},[20,143058,16748],{},[43,143060,143062],{"className":45,"code":143061,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,143063,143064,143076],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143065,143066,143068,143070,143072,143074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143067,34785],{"class":58},[52,143069,63],{"class":62},[52,143071,768],{"class":756},[52,143073,7379],{"class":760},[52,143075,3465],{"class":756},[52,143077,143078,143080,143082,143084,143086,143088,143090,143092,143094,143096,143098,143100,143103,143105,143107],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143079,118],{"class":101},[52,143081,105],{"class":66},[52,143083,34806],{"class":108},[52,143085,242],{"class":66},[52,143087,141490],{"class":108},[52,143089,5599],{"class":66},[52,143091,757],{"class":756},[52,143093,141601],{"class":760},[52,143095,757],{"class":756},[52,143097,74],{"class":66},[52,143099,768],{"class":756},[52,143101,143102],{"class":760},"Ja",[52,143104,757],{"class":756},[52,143106,51175],{"class":66},[52,143108,3765],{"class":129},[20,143110,32178],{},[43,143112,143114],{"className":45,"code":143113,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,143115,143116,143126,143140,143162,143188],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143117,143118,143120,143122,143124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143119,118],{"class":101},[52,143121,105],{"class":66},[52,143123,34806],{"class":108},[52,143125,112],{"class":66},[52,143127,143128,143130,143132,143134,143136,143138],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143129,118],{"class":101},[52,143131,105],{"class":66},[52,143133,1827],{"class":1184},[52,143135,105],{"class":66},[52,143137,34806],{"class":108},[52,143139,510],{"class":66},[52,143141,143142,143144,143146,143148,143150,143152,143154,143156,143158,143160],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143143,118],{"class":101},[52,143145,105],{"class":66},[52,143147,34806],{"class":108},[52,143149,242],{"class":66},[52,143151,141490],{"class":108},[52,143153,105],{"class":66},[52,143155,757],{"class":756},[52,143157,141601],{"class":760},[52,143159,757],{"class":756},[52,143161,510],{"class":66},[52,143163,143164,143166,143168,143170,143172,143174,143176,143178,143180,143182,143184,143186],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,143165,118],{"class":101},[52,143167,105],{"class":66},[52,143169,34806],{"class":108},[52,143171,242],{"class":66},[52,143173,8726],{"class":108},[52,143175,8723],{"class":66},[52,143177,141490],{"class":108},[52,143179,105],{"class":66},[52,143181,757],{"class":756},[52,143183,128867],{"class":760},[52,143185,757],{"class":756},[52,143187,510],{"class":66},[52,143189,143190,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143208,143210,143212,143214,143216],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,143191,118],{"class":101},[52,143193,105],{"class":66},[52,143195,34806],{"class":108},[52,143197,242],{"class":66},[52,143199,141490],{"class":108},[52,143201,5599],{"class":66},[52,143203,757],{"class":756},[52,143205,141601],{"class":760},[52,143207,757],{"class":756},[52,143209,74],{"class":66},[52,143211,768],{"class":756},[52,143213,143102],{"class":760},[52,143215,757],{"class":756},[52,143217,622],{"class":66},[38,143219,1919],{"id":1918},[461,143221,12792,143223,128267],{"id":143222},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,143224,127789],{},[20,143226,143227,143228,1943,143230,242],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,143229,173],{},[15,143231,655],{},[461,143233,1933,143235,143237],{"id":143234},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,143236,127789],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,143239,143240],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[43,143242,143244],{"className":45,"code":143243,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,143245,143246],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143247,143248,143250,143252,143254,143256,143258,143260,143262,143264,143266,143268,143270],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143249,34806],{"class":58},[52,143251,242],{"class":66},[52,143253,141490],{"class":108},[52,143255,5599],{"class":66},[52,143257,757],{"class":756},[52,143259,236],{"class":760},[52,143261,757],{"class":756},[52,143263,74],{"class":66},[52,143265,768],{"class":756},[52,143267,4853],{"class":760},[52,143269,757],{"class":756},[52,143271,510],{"class":66},[461,143273,14994,143275,124757],{"id":143274},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,143276,127789],{},[20,143278,129950],{},[461,143280,5270,143282,652,143284,1963],{"id":143281},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,143283,127789],{},[15,143285,1202],{},[20,143287,143288,143290,143291,143293],{},[15,143289,127789],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,143292,1202],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[461,143295,28423,143297,652,143299,8791,143301,1963],{"id":143296},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,143298,35],{},[15,143300,52742],{},[15,143302,127789],{},[20,143304,143305],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[38,143307,1986],{"id":1985},[153,143309,143310,143316,143322,143328,143332],{},[156,143311,143312],{},[236,143313,126421,143314,10828],{"href":130015},[15,143315,126479],{},[156,143317,143318],{},[236,143319,126421,143320,10828],{"href":124431},[15,143321,124416],{},[156,143323,143324],{},[236,143325,126421,143326,10828],{"href":124148},[15,143327,124151],{},[156,143329,143330],{},[236,143331,124820],{"href":123676},[156,143333,143334],{},[236,143335,125176],{"href":51059},[2029,143337,143338],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":143340},[143341,143343,143344,143350,143351,143353,143354,143355,143357,143367,143379],{"id":141536,"depth":93,"text":143342},"What startswith() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":141815,"depth":93,"text":141816,"children":143345},[143346,143347,143348,143349],{"id":141653,"depth":115,"text":141653},{"id":35,"depth":115,"text":35},{"id":52742,"depth":115,"text":52742},{"id":141982,"depth":115,"text":141983},{"id":17511,"depth":93,"text":17512},{"id":142160,"depth":93,"text":143352},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":142314,"depth":93,"text":142315},{"id":124067,"depth":93,"text":124068},{"id":142616,"depth":93,"text":143356},"When to use startswith()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":143358},[143359,143360,143362,143364,143366],{"id":142722,"depth":115,"text":138854},{"id":142805,"depth":115,"text":143361},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142885,"depth":115,"text":143363},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142977,"depth":115,"text":143365},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":143041,"depth":115,"text":143042},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":143368},[143369,143371,143373,143375,143377],{"id":143222,"depth":115,"text":143370},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":143234,"depth":115,"text":143372},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":143274,"depth":115,"text":143374},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":143281,"depth":115,"text":143376},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":143296,"depth":115,"text":143378},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":141436,"description":143380},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":143387,"title":143388,"body":143389,"description":144843,"extension":2083,"meta":144844,"navigation":296,"path":144845,"seo":144846,"stem":144847,"__hash__":144848},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":143390,"toc":144813},[143391,143396,143401,143404,143406,143450,143452,143460,143465,143470,143475,143477,143495,143497,143543,143545,143559,143568,143572,143574,143576,143588,143593,143596,143628,143630,143639,143644,143647,143688,143690,143698,143700,143713,143719,143723,143726,143742,143744,143793,143795,143804,143807,143866,143868,143877,143884,143887,143940,143942,143966,143973,143979,143983,143989,143992,144003,144005,144045,144047,144055,144057,144097,144099,144108,144110,144128,144131,144138,144149,144152,144169,144171,144248,144250,144281,144284,144286,144289,144315,144317,144357,144359,144368,144378,144386,144394,144399,144404,144406,144420,144422,144473,144475,144484,144494,144496,144498,144520,144523,144602,144604,144640,144643,144718,144723,144725,144731,144736,144741,144744,144750,144753,144760,144768,144772,144780,144782,144810],[10,143392,123421,143394,11411],{"id":143393},"python-string-strip-method",[15,143395,41739],{},[20,143397,32413,143398,143400],{},[15,143399,41739],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,143402,143403],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[38,143405,3712],{"id":3711},[43,143407,143409],{"className":45,"code":143408,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,143410,143411,143424,143439],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143412,143413,143415,143417,143419,143422],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143414,34785],{"class":58},[52,143416,63],{"class":62},[52,143418,768],{"class":756},[52,143420,143421],{"class":760},"  hello  ",[52,143423,3465],{"class":756},[52,143425,143426,143429,143431,143433,143435,143437],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143427,143428],{"class":58},"clean_text ",[52,143430,63],{"class":62},[52,143432,42925],{"class":58},[52,143434,242],{"class":66},[52,143436,8720],{"class":108},[52,143438,8729],{"class":66},[52,143440,143441,143443,143445,143448],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143442,118],{"class":101},[52,143444,105],{"class":66},[52,143446,143447],{"class":108},"clean_text",[52,143449,112],{"class":66},[20,143451,311],{},[43,143453,143454],{"className":45,"code":138729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143455,143456],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143457,143458],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143459,138729],{"class":58},[20,143461,133,143462,143464],{},[15,143463,41739],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[38,143466,140,143468,143],{"id":143467},"what-strip-does",[15,143469,41739],{},[20,143471,143472,143474],{},[15,143473,41739],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143476,13141],{},[153,143478,143479,143483,143486,143489,143492],{},[156,143480,143481,131771],{},[15,143482,41739],{},[156,143484,143485],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[156,143487,143488],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[156,143490,143491],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[156,143493,143494],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143496,2324],{},[43,143498,143500],{"className":45,"code":143499,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143501,143502,143515,143519,143533],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143503,143504,143506,143508,143510,143513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143505,34785],{"class":58},[52,143507,63],{"class":62},[52,143509,768],{"class":756},[52,143511,143512],{"class":760},"  hello world  ",[52,143514,3465],{"class":756},[52,143516,143517],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143518,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,143520,143521,143523,143525,143527,143529,143531],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143522,118],{"class":101},[52,143524,105],{"class":66},[52,143526,34806],{"class":108},[52,143528,242],{"class":66},[52,143530,8720],{"class":108},[52,143532,7276],{"class":66},[52,143534,143535,143537,143539,143541],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,143536,118],{"class":101},[52,143538,105],{"class":66},[52,143540,34806],{"class":108},[52,143542,112],{"class":66},[20,143544,311],{},[43,143546,143548],{"className":45,"code":143547,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143549,143550,143554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143551,143552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143553,134433],{"class":58},[52,143555,143556],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143557,143558],{"class":58},"  hello world\n",[20,143560,143561,143562,143564,143565,143567],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143563,41739],{},", but the original ",[15,143566,34806],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143569,125173,143570,242],{},[236,143571,125176],{"href":51059},[38,143573,181],{"id":180},[20,143575,26582],{},[153,143577,143578,143583],{},[156,143579,143580],{},[15,143581,143582],{},"string.strip()",[156,143584,143585],{},[15,143586,143587],{},"string.strip(chars)",[461,143589,143591],{"id":143590},"stringstrip",[15,143592,143582],{},[20,143594,143595],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[43,143597,143599],{"className":45,"code":143598,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143600,143601,143614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143602,143603,143605,143607,143609,143612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143604,7961],{"class":58},[52,143606,63],{"class":62},[52,143608,768],{"class":756},[52,143610,143611],{"class":760},"  Alice  ",[52,143613,3465],{"class":756},[52,143615,143616,143618,143620,143622,143624,143626],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143617,118],{"class":101},[52,143619,105],{"class":66},[52,143621,7751],{"class":108},[52,143623,242],{"class":66},[52,143625,8720],{"class":108},[52,143627,7276],{"class":66},[20,143629,311],{},[43,143631,143633],{"className":45,"code":143632,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Alice\n",[15,143634,143635],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143636,143637],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143638,143632],{"class":58},[461,143640,143642],{"id":143641},"stringstripchars",[15,143643,143587],{},[20,143645,143646],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[43,143648,143650],{"className":45,"code":143649,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143651,143652,143665],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143653,143654,143656,143658,143660,143663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143655,34785],{"class":58},[52,143657,63],{"class":62},[52,143659,768],{"class":756},[52,143661,143662],{"class":760},"!!hello??",[52,143664,3465],{"class":756},[52,143666,143667,143669,143671,143673,143675,143677,143679,143681,143684,143686],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143668,118],{"class":101},[52,143670,105],{"class":66},[52,143672,34806],{"class":108},[52,143674,242],{"class":66},[52,143676,8720],{"class":108},[52,143678,105],{"class":66},[52,143680,757],{"class":756},[52,143682,143683],{"class":760},"!?",[52,143685,757],{"class":756},[52,143687,510],{"class":66},[20,143689,311],{},[43,143691,143692],{"className":45,"code":138729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,143693,143694],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143695,143696],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143697,138729],{"class":58},[20,143699,83892],{},[153,143701,143702,143707],{},[156,143703,143704,143706],{},[15,143705,134676],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[156,143708,143709,143710,143712],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143711,134676],{}," does not matter",[38,143714,143716,143717],{"id":143715},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143718,41739],{},[20,143720,30980,143721,242],{},[15,143722,41739],{},[20,143724,143725],{},"It is useful for:",[153,143727,143728,143733,143736,143739],{},[156,143729,143730,143731,1205],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143732,3067],{},[156,143734,143735],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[156,143737,143738],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[156,143740,143741],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143743,48444],{},[43,143745,143747],{"className":45,"code":143746,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143748,143749,143762,143778,143782],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143750,143751,143753,143755,143757,143760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143752,8046],{"class":58},[52,143754,63],{"class":62},[52,143756,768],{"class":756},[52,143758,143759],{"class":760},"  sam  ",[52,143761,3465],{"class":756},[52,143763,143764,143767,143769,143772,143774,143776],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143765,143766],{"class":58},"clean_username ",[52,143768,63],{"class":62},[52,143770,143771],{"class":58}," username",[52,143773,242],{"class":66},[52,143775,8720],{"class":108},[52,143777,8729],{"class":66},[52,143779,143780],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143781,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,143783,143784,143786,143788,143791],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,143785,118],{"class":101},[52,143787,105],{"class":66},[52,143789,143790],{"class":108},"clean_username",[52,143792,112],{"class":66},[20,143794,311],{},[43,143796,143798],{"className":45,"code":143797,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"sam\n",[15,143799,143800],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143801,143802],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143803,143797],{"class":58},[20,143805,143806],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[43,143808,143810],{"className":45,"code":143809,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143811,143812,143825,143829,143851],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143813,143814,143816,143818,143820,143823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143815,136657],{"class":58},[52,143817,63],{"class":62},[52,143819,768],{"class":756},[52,143821,143822],{"class":760}," yes  ",[52,143824,3465],{"class":756},[52,143826,143827],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143828,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,143830,143831,143833,143835,143837,143839,143841,143843,143845,143847,143849],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143832,7079],{"class":1195},[52,143834,136677],{"class":58},[52,143836,242],{"class":66},[52,143838,8720],{"class":108},[52,143840,7448],{"class":66},[52,143842,6492],{"class":62},[52,143844,768],{"class":756},[52,143846,8744],{"class":760},[52,143848,757],{"class":756},[52,143850,1689],{"class":66},[52,143852,143853,143855,143857,143859,143862,143864],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,143854,8154],{"class":101},[52,143856,105],{"class":66},[52,143858,757],{"class":756},[52,143860,143861],{"class":760},"Matched",[52,143863,757],{"class":756},[52,143865,112],{"class":66},[20,143867,311],{},[43,143869,143871],{"className":45,"code":143870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Matched\n",[15,143872,143873],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143874,143875],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143876,143870],{"class":58},[20,143878,143879,143880,242],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[236,143881,143883],{"href":143882},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143885,143886],{},"Example with file-style text:",[43,143888,143890],{"className":45,"code":143889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143891,143892,143908,143922],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143893,143894,143897,143899,143901,143904,143906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143895,143896],{"class":58},"line ",[52,143898,63],{"class":62},[52,143900,768],{"class":756},[52,143902,143903],{"class":760},"Python basics",[52,143905,87224],{"class":34550},[52,143907,3465],{"class":756},[52,143909,143910,143912,143914,143916,143918,143920],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143911,118],{"class":101},[52,143913,105],{"class":66},[52,143915,41865],{"class":101},[52,143917,105],{"class":66},[52,143919,54],{"class":108},[52,143921,510],{"class":66},[52,143923,143924,143926,143928,143930,143932,143934,143936,143938],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,143925,118],{"class":101},[52,143927,105],{"class":66},[52,143929,41865],{"class":101},[52,143931,105],{"class":66},[52,143933,54],{"class":108},[52,143935,242],{"class":66},[52,143937,8720],{"class":108},[52,143939,6375],{"class":66},[20,143941,311],{},[43,143943,143945],{"className":45,"code":143944,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143946,143947,143958],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,143948,143949,143951,143953,143956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,143950,3406],{"class":43412},[52,143952,143903],{"class":43416},[52,143954,87224],{"class":143955},"sfi6f",[52,143957,29795],{"class":43412},[52,143959,143960,143962,143964],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,143961,3406],{"class":43412},[52,143963,143903],{"class":43416},[52,143965,29795],{"class":43412},[20,143967,1372,143968,143970,143971,242],{},[15,143969,122635],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143972,87224],{},[20,143974,143975,143976,242],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[236,143977,143978],{"href":87877},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[38,143980,143982],{"id":143981},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143984,143985,143986,242],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143987,143988],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143990,143991],{},"Python will:",[153,143993,143994,143997,144000],{},[156,143995,143996],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[156,143998,143999],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[156,144001,144002],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,144004,2324],{},[43,144006,144008],{"className":45,"code":144007,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,144009,144010,144023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144011,144012,144014,144016,144018,144021],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144013,34785],{"class":58},[52,144015,63],{"class":62},[52,144017,768],{"class":756},[52,144019,144020],{"class":760},"??hello!!",[52,144022,3465],{"class":756},[52,144024,144025,144027,144029,144031,144033,144035,144037,144039,144041,144043],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144026,118],{"class":101},[52,144028,105],{"class":66},[52,144030,34806],{"class":108},[52,144032,242],{"class":66},[52,144034,8720],{"class":108},[52,144036,105],{"class":66},[52,144038,757],{"class":756},[52,144040,143683],{"class":760},[52,144042,757],{"class":756},[52,144044,510],{"class":66},[20,144046,311],{},[43,144048,144049],{"className":45,"code":138729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,144050,144051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144052,144053],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144054,138729],{"class":58},[20,144056,52161],{},[43,144058,144060],{"className":45,"code":144059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,144061,144062,144075],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144063,144064,144066,144068,144070,144073],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144065,34785],{"class":58},[52,144067,63],{"class":62},[52,144069,768],{"class":756},[52,144071,144072],{"class":760},"abcHelloCba",[52,144074,3465],{"class":756},[52,144076,144077,144079,144081,144083,144085,144087,144089,144091,144093,144095],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144078,118],{"class":101},[52,144080,105],{"class":66},[52,144082,34806],{"class":108},[52,144084,242],{"class":66},[52,144086,8720],{"class":108},[52,144088,105],{"class":66},[52,144090,757],{"class":756},[52,144092,41646],{"class":760},[52,144094,757],{"class":756},[52,144096,510],{"class":66},[20,144098,311],{},[43,144100,144102],{"className":45,"code":144101,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HelloC\n",[15,144103,144104],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144105,144106],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144107,144101],{"class":58},[20,144109,6321],{},[20,144111,144112,14144,144115,144117,144118,144120,144121,2305,144123,2309,144125,144127],{},[15,144113,144114],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3842,144116,4722],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,144119,41646],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,144122,236],{},[15,144124,4853],{},[15,144126,9825],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,144129,144130],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,144132,144133,144134,6712],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[236,144135,144136],{"href":130002},[15,144137,124592],{},[38,144139,144141,10672,144143,10672,144146],{"id":144140},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,144142,41739],{},[15,144144,144145],{},"lstrip()",[15,144147,144148],{},"rstrip()",[20,144150,144151],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[153,144153,144154,144159,144164],{},[156,144155,144156,144158],{},[15,144157,41739],{}," removes from both ends",[156,144160,144161,144163],{},[15,144162,144145],{}," removes from the left side only",[156,144165,144166,144168],{},[15,144167,144148],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,144170,2324],{},[43,144172,144174],{"className":45,"code":144173,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,144175,144176,144188,144192,144210,144229],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144177,144178,144180,144182,144184,144186],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144179,34785],{"class":58},[52,144181,63],{"class":62},[52,144183,768],{"class":756},[52,144185,143421],{"class":760},[52,144187,3465],{"class":756},[52,144189,144190],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144191,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,144193,144194,144196,144198,144200,144202,144204,144206,144208],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144195,118],{"class":101},[52,144197,105],{"class":66},[52,144199,41865],{"class":101},[52,144201,105],{"class":66},[52,144203,34806],{"class":108},[52,144205,242],{"class":66},[52,144207,8720],{"class":108},[52,144209,6375],{"class":66},[52,144211,144212,144214,144216,144218,144220,144222,144224,144227],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,144213,118],{"class":101},[52,144215,105],{"class":66},[52,144217,41865],{"class":101},[52,144219,105],{"class":66},[52,144221,34806],{"class":108},[52,144223,242],{"class":66},[52,144225,144226],{"class":108},"lstrip",[52,144228,6375],{"class":66},[52,144230,144231,144233,144235,144237,144239,144241,144243,144246],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,144232,118],{"class":101},[52,144234,105],{"class":66},[52,144236,41865],{"class":101},[52,144238,105],{"class":66},[52,144240,34806],{"class":108},[52,144242,242],{"class":66},[52,144244,144245],{"class":108},"rstrip",[52,144247,6375],{"class":66},[20,144249,311],{},[43,144251,144253],{"className":45,"code":144252,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,144254,144255,144263,144272],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144256,144257,144259,144261],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144258,3406],{"class":43412},[52,144260,761],{"class":43416},[52,144262,29795],{"class":43412},[52,144264,144265,144267,144270],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144266,3406],{"class":43412},[52,144268,144269],{"class":43416},"hello  ",[52,144271,29795],{"class":43412},[52,144273,144274,144276,144279],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144275,3406],{"class":43412},[52,144277,144278],{"class":43416},"  hello",[52,144280,29795],{"class":43412},[20,144282,144283],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[38,144285,108431],{"id":108430},[20,144287,144288],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[153,144290,144291,144299,144309,144312],{},[156,144292,144293,144295,144296,144298],{},[15,144294,144114],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,144297,41615],{}," once",[156,144300,144301,144302,2305,144304,2309,144306,144308],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,144303,236],{},[15,144305,4853],{},[15,144307,9825],{}," from both ends",[156,144310,144311],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[156,144313,144314],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,144316,2324],{},[43,144318,144320],{"className":45,"code":144319,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,144321,144322,144335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144323,144324,144326,144328,144330,144333],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144325,126504],{"class":58},[52,144327,63],{"class":62},[52,144329,768],{"class":756},[52,144331,144332],{"class":760},"txt_report.txt",[52,144334,3465],{"class":756},[52,144336,144337,144339,144341,144343,144345,144347,144349,144351,144353,144355],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144338,118],{"class":101},[52,144340,105],{"class":66},[52,144342,126522],{"class":108},[52,144344,242],{"class":66},[52,144346,8720],{"class":108},[52,144348,105],{"class":66},[52,144350,757],{"class":756},[52,144352,126557],{"class":760},[52,144354,757],{"class":756},[52,144356,510],{"class":66},[20,144358,311],{},[43,144360,144362],{"className":45,"code":144361,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"_report\n",[15,144363,144364],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144365,144366],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144367,144361],{"class":58},[20,144369,144370,144371,2305,144373,2309,144375,144377],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,144372,242],{},[15,144374,1414],{},[15,144376,1190],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,144379,53734,144380,4876,144383,144385],{},[15,144381,144382],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3842,144384,4722],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,144387,144388,144389,144393],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[236,144390,144391],{"href":130002},[15,144392,124592],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[38,144395,5054,144397],{"id":144396},"when-to-use-strip",[15,144398,41739],{},[20,144400,133,144401,144403],{},[15,144402,41739],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,144405,36520],{},[153,144407,144408,144412,144414,144417],{},[156,144409,143730,144410,1205],{},[15,144411,3067],{},[156,144413,143735],{},[156,144415,144416],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[156,144418,144419],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,144421,2324],{},[43,144423,144425],{"className":45,"code":144424,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,144426,144427,144441,144445,144458],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144428,144429,144432,144434,144436,144439],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144430,144431],{"class":58},"email ",[52,144433,63],{"class":62},[52,144435,768],{"class":756},[52,144437,144438],{"class":760},"  user@example.com  ",[52,144440,3465],{"class":756},[52,144442,144443],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144444,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,144446,144447,144449,144452,144454,144456],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144448,7079],{"class":1195},[52,144450,144451],{"class":58}," email",[52,144453,242],{"class":66},[52,144455,8720],{"class":108},[52,144457,21690],{"class":66},[52,144459,144460,144462,144464,144466,144469,144471],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,144461,8154],{"class":101},[52,144463,105],{"class":66},[52,144465,757],{"class":756},[52,144467,144468],{"class":760},"Email was entered",[52,144470,757],{"class":756},[52,144472,112],{"class":66},[20,144474,311],{},[43,144476,144478],{"className":45,"code":144477,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Email was entered\n",[15,144479,144480],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144481,144482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144483,144477],{"class":58},[20,144485,144486,144487,144489,144490,242],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144488,41739],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[236,144491,144492],{"href":124148},[15,144493,124151],{},[38,144495,1766],{"id":1765},[20,144497,84311],{},[153,144499,144500,144504,144509,144514],{},[156,144501,8538,144502,131641],{},[15,144503,41739],{},[156,144505,8538,144506,144508],{},[15,144507,41739],{}," to remove text from the middle",[156,144510,1372,144511,144513],{},[15,144512,144382],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[156,144515,4796,144516,144519],{},[15,144517,144518],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144521,144522],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[43,144524,144526],{"className":45,"code":144525,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144527,144528,144542,144546,144556,144570,144584],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144529,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538,144540],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144531,34785],{"class":58},[52,144533,63],{"class":62},[52,144535,768],{"class":756},[52,144537,144278],{"class":760},[52,144539,87224],{"class":34550},[52,144541,3465],{"class":756},[52,144543,144544],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144545,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,144547,144548,144550,144552,144554],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144549,118],{"class":101},[52,144551,105],{"class":66},[52,144553,34806],{"class":108},[52,144555,112],{"class":66},[52,144557,144558,144560,144562,144564,144566,144568],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,144559,118],{"class":101},[52,144561,105],{"class":66},[52,144563,41865],{"class":101},[52,144565,105],{"class":66},[52,144567,34806],{"class":108},[52,144569,510],{"class":66},[52,144571,144572,144574,144576,144578,144580,144582],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,144573,118],{"class":101},[52,144575,105],{"class":66},[52,144577,34806],{"class":108},[52,144579,242],{"class":66},[52,144581,8720],{"class":108},[52,144583,7276],{"class":66},[52,144585,144586,144588,144590,144592,144594,144596,144598,144600],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,144587,118],{"class":101},[52,144589,105],{"class":66},[52,144591,41865],{"class":101},[52,144593,105],{"class":66},[52,144595,34806],{"class":108},[52,144597,242],{"class":66},[52,144599,8720],{"class":108},[52,144601,6375],{"class":66},[20,144603,311],{},[43,144605,144607],{"className":45,"code":144606,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144608,144609,144614,144618,144628,144632],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144610,144611],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144612,144613],{"class":58},"  hello\n",[52,144615,144616],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144617,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,144619,144620,144622,144624,144626],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144621,3406],{"class":43412},[52,144623,144278],{"class":43416},[52,144625,87224],{"class":143955},[52,144627,29795],{"class":43412},[52,144629,144630],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,144631,138729],{"class":58},[52,144633,144634,144636,144638],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,144635,3406],{"class":43412},[52,144637,761],{"class":43416},[52,144639,29795],{"class":43412},[20,144641,144642],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[43,144644,144646],{"className":45,"code":144645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144647,144648,144658,144672,144686,144704],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144649,144650,144652,144654,144656],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144651,118],{"class":101},[52,144653,105],{"class":66},[52,144655,34806],{"class":108},[52,144657,112],{"class":66},[52,144659,144660,144662,144664,144666,144668,144670],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144661,118],{"class":101},[52,144663,105],{"class":66},[52,144665,41865],{"class":101},[52,144667,105],{"class":66},[52,144669,34806],{"class":108},[52,144671,510],{"class":66},[52,144673,144674,144676,144678,144680,144682,144684],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144675,118],{"class":101},[52,144677,105],{"class":66},[52,144679,34806],{"class":108},[52,144681,242],{"class":66},[52,144683,8720],{"class":108},[52,144685,7276],{"class":66},[52,144687,144688,144690,144692,144694,144696,144698,144700,144702],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,144689,118],{"class":101},[52,144691,105],{"class":66},[52,144693,41865],{"class":101},[52,144695,105],{"class":66},[52,144697,34806],{"class":108},[52,144699,242],{"class":66},[52,144701,8720],{"class":108},[52,144703,6375],{"class":66},[52,144705,144706,144708,144710,144712,144714,144716],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,144707,32248],{"class":101},[52,144709,105],{"class":66},[52,144711,3550],{"class":1184},[52,144713,242],{"class":66},[52,144715,8720],{"class":24845},[52,144717,112],{"class":66},[20,144719,144720,144722],{},[15,144721,122635],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[38,144724,1919],{"id":1918},[461,144726,12792,144728,144730],{"id":144727},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144729,41739],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144732,46450,144733,144735],{},[15,144734,41739],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[461,144737,12792,144739,124748],{"id":144738},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144740,41739],{},[20,144742,144743],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[461,144745,1923,144747,144749],{"id":144746},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144748,41739],{}," remove by default?",[20,144751,144752],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[461,144754,34302,144756,34305,144758,1963],{"id":144755},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144757,41739],{},[15,144759,124592],{},[20,144761,144762,144764,144765,144767],{},[15,144763,41739],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144766,124592],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[461,144769,144771],{"id":144770},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144773,128294,144774,144776,144777,144779],{},[15,144775,144145],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144778,144148],{}," for the right side.",[38,144781,1986],{"id":1985},[153,144783,144784,144790,144796,144801,144806],{},[156,144785,144786],{},[236,144787,126421,144788,10828],{"href":124148},[15,144789,124151],{},[156,144791,144792],{},[236,144793,126421,144794,10828],{"href":130002},[15,144795,124592],{},[156,144797,144798],{},[236,144799,144800],{"href":143882},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[156,144802,144803],{},[236,144804,144805],{"href":87877},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[156,144807,144808],{},[236,144809,125176],{"href":51059},[2029,144811,144812],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki 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.sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":144814},[144815,144816,144818,144822,144824,144825,144827,144828,144830,144831,144842],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":143467,"depth":93,"text":144817},"What strip() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":144819},[144820,144821],{"id":143590,"depth":115,"text":143582},{"id":143641,"depth":115,"text":143587},{"id":143715,"depth":93,"text":144823},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143981,"depth":93,"text":143982},{"id":144140,"depth":93,"text":144826},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":108430,"depth":93,"text":108431},{"id":144396,"depth":93,"text":144829},"When to use strip()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":144832},[144833,144835,144837,144839,144841],{"id":144727,"depth":115,"text":144834},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144738,"depth":115,"text":144836},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144746,"depth":115,"text":144838},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144755,"depth":115,"text":144840},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144770,"depth":115,"text":144771},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":143388,"description":144843},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144850,"title":144851,"body":144852,"description":146032,"extension":2083,"meta":146033,"navigation":296,"path":146034,"seo":146035,"stem":146036,"__hash__":146037},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144853,"toc":146002},[144854,144859,144864,144869,144871,144917,144925,144930,144944,144950,144952,144954,144969,144971,144981,144984,145015,145018,145041,145043,145046,145103,145105,145119,145121,145135,145141,145146,145149,145190,145192,145201,145209,145212,145257,145259,145268,145271,145275,145280,145294,145296,145328,145330,145350,145353,145358,145363,145365,145376,145379,145436,145438,145446,145455,145457,145459,145465,145467,145504,145506,145514,145516,145557,145559,145568,145573,145578,145580,145607,145614,145617,145648,145650,145659,145665,145674,145705,145707,145719,145732,145736,145741,145771,145773,145840,145842,145852,145854,145859,145862,145867,145872,145876,145882,145888,145891,145893,145951,145953,145961,145963,145999],[10,144855,123421,144857,11411],{"id":144856},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144858,128299],{},[20,144860,123426,144861,144863],{},[15,144862,128299],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144865,84688,144866,144868],{},[15,144867,128299],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[38,144870,41],{"id":40},[43,144872,144874],{"className":45,"code":144873,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144875,144876,144888,144902,144912],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144877,144878,144880,144882,144884,144886],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144879,34785],{"class":58},[52,144881,63],{"class":62},[52,144883,768],{"class":756},[52,144885,129140],{"class":760},[52,144887,3465],{"class":756},[52,144889,144890,144892,144894,144896,144898,144900],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,144891,2347],{"class":58},[52,144893,63],{"class":62},[52,144895,42925],{"class":58},[52,144897,242],{"class":66},[52,144899,34575],{"class":108},[52,144901,8729],{"class":66},[52,144903,144904,144906,144908,144910],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,144905,118],{"class":101},[52,144907,105],{"class":66},[52,144909,2382],{"class":108},[52,144911,112],{"class":66},[52,144913,144914],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,144915,144916],{"class":129},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144918,144919,144921,144922,144924],{},[15,144920,128299],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3842,144923,4722],{}," change the original string in place.",[38,144926,140,144928,143],{"id":144927},"what-upper-does",[15,144929,128299],{},[153,144931,144932,144937,144940,144942],{},[156,144933,144934,144936],{},[15,144935,128299],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[156,144938,144939],{},"It works on string values only",[156,144941,133667],{},[156,144943,136380],{},[20,144945,125173,144946,1943,144948,242],{},[236,144947,136386],{"href":136385},[236,144949,125176],{"href":51059},[38,144951,181],{"id":180},[20,144953,2277],{},[43,144955,144957],{"className":45,"code":144956,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"string.upper()\n",[15,144958,144959],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144960,144961,144963,144965,144967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144962,61250],{"class":58},[52,144964,242],{"class":66},[52,144966,34575],{"class":108},[52,144968,8729],{"class":66},[20,144970,11548],{},[153,144972,144973,144975,144978],{},[156,144974,97596],{},[156,144976,144977],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[156,144979,144980],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144982,144983],{},"Example with a variable:",[43,144985,144987],{"className":45,"code":144986,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144988,144989,145001],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,144990,144991,144993,144995,144997,144999],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,144992,7961],{"class":58},[52,144994,63],{"class":62},[52,144996,768],{"class":756},[52,144998,47],{"class":760},[52,145000,3465],{"class":756},[52,145002,145003,145005,145007,145009,145011,145013],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145004,118],{"class":101},[52,145006,105],{"class":66},[52,145008,7751],{"class":108},[52,145010,242],{"class":66},[52,145012,34575],{"class":108},[52,145014,7276],{"class":66},[20,145016,145017],{},"Example with a string literal:",[43,145019,145021],{"className":45,"code":145020,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,145022,145023],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145024,145025,145027,145029,145031,145033,145035,145037,145039],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145026,118],{"class":101},[52,145028,105],{"class":66},[52,145030,757],{"class":756},[52,145032,761],{"class":760},[52,145034,757],{"class":756},[52,145036,242],{"class":66},[52,145038,34575],{"class":108},[52,145040,7276],{"class":66},[38,145042,246],{"id":245},[20,145044,145045],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[43,145047,145049],{"className":45,"code":145048,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,145050,145051,145063,145078,145082,145092],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145052,145053,145055,145057,145059,145061],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145054,6240],{"class":58},[52,145056,63],{"class":62},[52,145058,768],{"class":756},[52,145060,4180],{"class":760},[52,145062,3465],{"class":756},[52,145064,145065,145068,145070,145072,145074,145076],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145066,145067],{"class":58},"uppercase_word ",[52,145069,63],{"class":62},[52,145071,38474],{"class":58},[52,145073,242],{"class":66},[52,145075,34575],{"class":108},[52,145077,8729],{"class":66},[52,145079,145080],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145081,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,145083,145084,145086,145088,145090],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,145085,118],{"class":101},[52,145087,105],{"class":66},[52,145089,38484],{"class":108},[52,145091,112],{"class":66},[52,145093,145094,145096,145098,145101],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,145095,118],{"class":101},[52,145097,105],{"class":66},[52,145099,145100],{"class":108},"uppercase_word",[52,145102,112],{"class":66},[20,145104,311],{},[43,145106,145108],{"className":45,"code":145107,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,145109,145110,145114],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145111,145112],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145113,70480],{"class":58},[52,145115,145116],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145117,145118],{"class":34550},"BANANA\n",[20,145120,112537],{},[153,145122,145123,145128],{},[156,145124,145125,145127],{},[15,145126,38484],{}," keeps its original value",[156,145129,145130,145132,145133],{},[15,145131,145100],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,145134,128299],{},[38,145136,145138,145140],{"id":145137},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,145139,128299],{}," does not change the original string",[20,145142,137046,145143,145145],{},[3842,145144,137049],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,145147,145148],{},"So this method:",[43,145150,145152],{"className":45,"code":145151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145153,145154,145166,145176,145180],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145155,145156,145158,145160,145162,145164],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145157,7961],{"class":58},[52,145159,63],{"class":62},[52,145161,768],{"class":756},[52,145163,17897],{"class":760},[52,145165,3465],{"class":756},[52,145167,145168,145170,145172,145174],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145169,7751],{"class":58},[52,145171,242],{"class":66},[52,145173,34575],{"class":108},[52,145175,8729],{"class":66},[52,145177,145178],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145179,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,145181,145182,145184,145186,145188],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,145183,118],{"class":101},[52,145185,105],{"class":66},[52,145187,7751],{"class":108},[52,145189,112],{"class":66},[20,145191,311],{},[43,145193,145195],{"className":45,"code":145194,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"alice\n",[15,145196,145197],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145198,145199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145200,145194],{"class":58},[20,145202,21072,145203,145205,145206,145208],{},[15,145204,128299],{}," was called, ",[15,145207,7751],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,145210,145211],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[43,145213,145215],{"className":45,"code":145214,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,145216,145217,145229,145243,145247],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145218,145219,145221,145223,145225,145227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145220,7961],{"class":58},[52,145222,63],{"class":62},[52,145224,768],{"class":756},[52,145226,17897],{"class":760},[52,145228,3465],{"class":756},[52,145230,145231,145233,145235,145237,145239,145241],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145232,7961],{"class":58},[52,145234,63],{"class":62},[52,145236,36091],{"class":58},[52,145238,242],{"class":66},[52,145240,34575],{"class":108},[52,145242,8729],{"class":66},[52,145244,145245],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145246,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,145248,145249,145251,145253,145255],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,145250,118],{"class":101},[52,145252,105],{"class":66},[52,145254,7751],{"class":108},[52,145256,112],{"class":66},[20,145258,311],{},[43,145260,145262],{"className":45,"code":145261,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ALICE\n",[15,145263,145264],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145265,145266],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145267,145261],{"class":34550},[20,145269,145270],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[38,145272,145274],{"id":145273},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,145276,145277,145279],{},[15,145278,128299],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[153,145281,145282,145285,145288,145291],{},[156,145283,145284],{},"Numbers stay the same",[156,145286,145287],{},"Spaces stay the same",[156,145289,145290],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[156,145292,145293],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,145295,2324],{},[43,145297,145299],{"className":45,"code":145298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145300,145301,145314],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145302,145303,145305,145307,145309,145312],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145304,34785],{"class":58},[52,145306,63],{"class":62},[52,145308,768],{"class":756},[52,145310,145311],{"class":760},"Room 7, table #3!",[52,145313,3465],{"class":756},[52,145315,145316,145318,145320,145322,145324,145326],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145317,118],{"class":101},[52,145319,105],{"class":66},[52,145321,34806],{"class":108},[52,145323,242],{"class":66},[52,145325,34575],{"class":108},[52,145327,7276],{"class":66},[20,145329,311],{},[43,145331,145333],{"className":45,"code":145332,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,145334,145335],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145336,145337,145340,145342,145344,145347],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145338,145339],{"class":34550},"ROOM",[52,145341,1600],{"class":70},[52,145343,74],{"class":66},[52,145345,145346],{"class":34550}," TABLE",[52,145348,145349],{"class":129}," #3!\n",[20,145351,145352],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[38,145354,5054,145356],{"id":145355},"when-to-use-upper",[15,145357,128299],{},[20,145359,145360,145362],{},[15,145361,128299],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,145364,48422],{},[153,145366,145367,145370,145373],{},[156,145368,145369],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[156,145371,145372],{},"Format labels or headings",[156,145374,145375],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,145377,145378],{},"Example: simple comparison",[43,145380,145382],{"className":45,"code":145381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,145383,145384,145396,145400,145422],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145385,145386,145388,145390,145392,145394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145387,136657],{"class":58},[52,145389,63],{"class":62},[52,145391,768],{"class":756},[52,145393,8744],{"class":760},[52,145395,3465],{"class":756},[52,145397,145398],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145399,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,145401,145402,145404,145406,145408,145410,145412,145414,145416,145418,145420],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145403,7079],{"class":1195},[52,145405,136677],{"class":58},[52,145407,242],{"class":66},[52,145409,34575],{"class":108},[52,145411,7448],{"class":66},[52,145413,6492],{"class":62},[52,145415,768],{"class":756},[52,145417,136664],{"class":760},[52,145419,757],{"class":756},[52,145421,1689],{"class":66},[52,145423,145424,145426,145428,145430,145432,145434],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,145425,8154],{"class":101},[52,145427,105],{"class":66},[52,145429,757],{"class":756},[52,145431,143861],{"class":760},[52,145433,757],{"class":756},[52,145435,112],{"class":66},[20,145437,311],{},[43,145439,145440],{"className":45,"code":143870,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145441,145442],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145443,145444],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145445,143870],{"class":58},[20,145447,145448,145449,2305,145451,2309,145453,242],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,145450,8744],{},[15,145452,137450],{},[15,145454,136664],{},[38,145456,1766],{"id":1765},[461,145458,95957],{"id":95956},[20,145460,8202,145461,145464],{},[15,145462,145463],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,145466,16736],{},[43,145468,145470],{"className":45,"code":145469,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145471,145472,145484,145494],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145473,145474,145476,145478,145480,145482],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145475,34785],{"class":58},[52,145477,63],{"class":62},[52,145479,768],{"class":756},[52,145481,761],{"class":760},[52,145483,3465],{"class":756},[52,145485,145486,145488,145490,145492],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145487,34806],{"class":58},[52,145489,242],{"class":66},[52,145491,34575],{"class":108},[52,145493,8729],{"class":66},[52,145495,145496,145498,145500,145502],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145497,118],{"class":101},[52,145499,105],{"class":66},[52,145501,34806],{"class":108},[52,145503,112],{"class":66},[20,145505,311],{},[43,145507,145508],{"className":45,"code":138729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145509,145510],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145511,145512],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145513,138729],{"class":58},[20,145515,16748],{},[43,145517,145519],{"className":45,"code":145518,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145520,145521,145533,145547],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145522,145523,145525,145527,145529,145531],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145524,34785],{"class":58},[52,145526,63],{"class":62},[52,145528,768],{"class":756},[52,145530,761],{"class":760},[52,145532,3465],{"class":756},[52,145534,145535,145537,145539,145541,145543,145545],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145536,34785],{"class":58},[52,145538,63],{"class":62},[52,145540,42925],{"class":58},[52,145542,242],{"class":66},[52,145544,34575],{"class":108},[52,145546,8729],{"class":66},[52,145548,145549,145551,145553,145555],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145550,118],{"class":101},[52,145552,105],{"class":66},[52,145554,34806],{"class":108},[52,145556,112],{"class":66},[20,145558,311],{},[43,145560,145562],{"className":45,"code":145561,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO\n",[15,145563,145564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145565,145566],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145567,145561],{"class":34550},[461,145569,19001,145571,137336],{"id":145570},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145572,128299],{},[20,145574,145575,145577],{},[15,145576,128299],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145579,2324],{},[43,145581,145583],{"className":45,"code":145582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145584,145585,145593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145586,145587,145589,145591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145588,2334],{"class":58},[52,145590,63],{"class":62},[52,145592,125103],{"class":70},[52,145594,145595,145597,145599,145601,145603,145605],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145596,118],{"class":101},[52,145598,105],{"class":66},[52,145600,2357],{"class":108},[52,145602,242],{"class":66},[52,145604,34575],{"class":108},[52,145606,7276],{"class":66},[20,145608,39746,145609,145611,145612,33697],{},[15,145610,1185],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145613,128299],{},[20,145615,145616],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[43,145618,145620],{"className":45,"code":145619,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145621,145622,145630],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145623,145624,145626,145628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145625,2334],{"class":58},[52,145627,63],{"class":62},[52,145629,125103],{"class":70},[52,145631,145632,145634,145636,145638,145640,145642,145644,145646],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145633,118],{"class":101},[52,145635,105],{"class":66},[52,145637,3550],{"class":1184},[52,145639,105],{"class":66},[52,145641,2357],{"class":108},[52,145643,8717],{"class":66},[52,145645,34575],{"class":108},[52,145647,7276],{"class":66},[20,145649,311],{},[43,145651,145653],{"className":45,"code":145652,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"123\n",[15,145654,145655],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145656,145657],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145658,145652],{"class":70},[461,145660,37298,145662,145664],{"id":145661},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145663,128299],{}," with title case",[20,145666,145667,145669,145670,145673],{},[15,145668,128299],{}," makes ",[3842,145671,145672],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[43,145675,145677],{"className":45,"code":145676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145678,145679,145691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145680,145681,145683,145685,145687,145689],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145682,34785],{"class":58},[52,145684,63],{"class":62},[52,145686,768],{"class":756},[52,145688,60486],{"class":760},[52,145690,3465],{"class":756},[52,145692,145693,145695,145697,145699,145701,145703],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145694,118],{"class":101},[52,145696,105],{"class":66},[52,145698,34806],{"class":108},[52,145700,242],{"class":66},[52,145702,34575],{"class":108},[52,145704,7276],{"class":66},[20,145706,311],{},[43,145708,145710],{"className":45,"code":145709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145711,145712],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145713,145714,145716],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145715,136438],{"class":34550},[52,145717,145718],{"class":34550}," WORLD\n",[20,145720,145721,145722,145726,145727,145731],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[236,145723,145724],{"href":124148},[15,145725,124151],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[236,145728,145729],{"href":130002},[15,145730,124592],{}," changes parts of a string.",[38,145733,145735],{"id":145734},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145737,145738,145739,1772],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145740,128299],{},[153,145742,145743,145750,145757,145764],{},[156,145744,145745,145749],{},[236,145746,145747],{"href":124148},[15,145748,124151],{}," for lowercase text",[156,145751,145752,145756],{},[236,145753,145754],{"href":136984},[15,145755,41739],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[156,145758,145759,145763],{},[236,145760,145761],{"href":130002},[15,145762,124592],{}," for changing parts of a string",[156,145765,145766,652,145768,145770],{},[15,145767,127789],{},[15,145769,126479],{}," for checks",[20,145772,2324],{},[43,145774,145776],{"className":45,"code":145775,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145777,145778,145790,145794,145809,145825,145829],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145779,145780,145782,145784,145786,145788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145781,34785],{"class":58},[52,145783,63],{"class":62},[52,145785,768],{"class":756},[52,145787,143512],{"class":760},[52,145789,3465],{"class":756},[52,145791,145792],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145793,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,145795,145796,145799,145801,145803,145805,145807],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145797,145798],{"class":58},"cleaned ",[52,145800,63],{"class":62},[52,145802,42925],{"class":58},[52,145804,242],{"class":66},[52,145806,8720],{"class":108},[52,145808,8729],{"class":66},[52,145810,145811,145814,145816,145819,145821,145823],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,145812,145813],{"class":58},"loud ",[52,145815,63],{"class":62},[52,145817,145818],{"class":58}," cleaned",[52,145820,242],{"class":66},[52,145822,34575],{"class":108},[52,145824,8729],{"class":66},[52,145826,145827],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,145828,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,145830,145831,145833,145835,145838],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,145832,118],{"class":101},[52,145834,105],{"class":66},[52,145836,145837],{"class":108},"loud",[52,145839,112],{"class":66},[20,145841,311],{},[43,145843,145844],{"className":45,"code":145709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145845,145846],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145847,145848,145850],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145849,136438],{"class":34550},[52,145851,145718],{"class":34550},[38,145853,1919],{"id":1918},[461,145855,12792,145857,124748],{"id":145856},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145858,128299],{},[20,145860,145861],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[461,145863,12792,145865,137718],{"id":145864},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145866,128299],{},[20,145868,145869,145870,242],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145871,145463],{},[461,145873,145875],{"id":145874},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145877,145878,145879,145881],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145880,128299],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[461,145883,28423,145885,145887],{"id":145884},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145886,128299],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145889,145890],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145892,2324],{},[43,145894,145896],{"className":45,"code":145895,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145897,145898,145910,145923,145927],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145899,145900,145902,145904,145906,145908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145901,2668],{"class":58},[52,145903,63],{"class":62},[52,145905,768],{"class":756},[52,145907,47],{"class":760},[52,145909,3465],{"class":756},[52,145911,145912,145914,145916,145918,145921],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,145913,2696],{"class":58},[52,145915,63],{"class":62},[52,145917,768],{"class":756},[52,145919,145920],{"class":760},"PYTHON",[52,145922,3465],{"class":756},[52,145924,145925],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,145926,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,145928,145929,145931,145933,145935,145937,145939,145941,145943,145945,145947,145949],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,145930,118],{"class":101},[52,145932,105],{"class":66},[52,145934,236],{"class":108},[52,145936,242],{"class":66},[52,145938,34575],{"class":108},[52,145940,7448],{"class":66},[52,145942,6492],{"class":62},[52,145944,2673],{"class":108},[52,145946,242],{"class":66},[52,145948,34575],{"class":108},[52,145950,7276],{"class":66},[20,145952,311],{},[43,145954,145955],{"className":45,"code":4072,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,145956,145957],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,145958,145959],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,145960,4072],{"class":674},[38,145962,1986],{"id":1985},[153,145964,145965,145969,145975,145981,145987,145991,145995],{},[156,145966,145967],{},[236,145968,125176],{"href":51059},[156,145970,145971],{},[236,145972,126421,145973,10828],{"href":124148},[15,145974,124151],{},[156,145976,145977],{},[236,145978,126421,145979,10828],{"href":136984},[15,145980,41739],{},[156,145982,145983],{},[236,145984,126421,145985,10828],{"href":130002},[15,145986,124592],{},[156,145988,145989],{},[236,145990,90751],{"href":89763},[156,145992,145993],{},[236,145994,124820],{"href":123676},[156,145996,145997],{},[236,145998,137804],{"href":136385},[2029,146000,146001],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":146003},[146004,146005,146007,146008,146009,146011,146012,146014,146021,146022,146031],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":144927,"depth":93,"text":146006},"What upper() does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":145137,"depth":93,"text":146010},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":145273,"depth":93,"text":145274},{"id":145355,"depth":93,"text":146013},"When to use upper()",{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":146015},[146016,146017,146019],{"id":95956,"depth":115,"text":95957},{"id":145570,"depth":115,"text":146018},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145661,"depth":115,"text":146020},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145734,"depth":93,"text":145735},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":146023},[146024,146026,146028,146029],{"id":145856,"depth":115,"text":146025},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145864,"depth":115,"text":146027},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145874,"depth":115,"text":145875},{"id":145884,"depth":115,"text":146030},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner 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36],{"id":1932},[15,147636,17],{},[20,147638,1939,147639,1943,147641,1947],{},[15,147640,1942],{},[15,147642,1946],{},[461,147644,1933,147645,1953],{"id":1950},[15,147646,17],{},[20,147648,1956],{},[461,147650,1960,147651,1963],{"id":1959},[15,147652,17],{},[20,147654,1966,147655,1969],{},[15,147656,35],{},[461,147658,1973,147659,1976,147661,1963],{"id":1972},[15,147660,17],{},[15,147662,1979],{},[20,147664,1982],{},[38,147666,1986],{"id":1985},[153,147668,147669,147673,147679,147685,147691,147695,147699],{},[156,147670,147671],{},[236,147672,587],{"href":586},[156,147674,147675],{},[236,147676,13,147677,1999],{"href":238},[15,147678,167],{},[156,147680,147681],{},[236,147682,13,147683,1999],{"href":2004},[15,147684,2007],{},[156,147686,147687],{},[236,147688,13,147689,1999],{"href":859},[15,147690,862],{},[156,147692,147693],{},[236,147694,2018],{"href":1757},[156,147696,147697],{},[236,147698,2023],{"href":988},[156,147700,147701],{},[236,147702,1563],{"href":1562},[2029,147704,2031],{},{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":147706},[147707,147708,147709,147710,147711,147712,147718,147723,147729,147733,147734,147741],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":139,"depth":93,"text":2036},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":344,"depth":93,"text":2040},{"id":451,"depth":93,"text":2042,"children":147713},[147714,147715,147716,147717],{"id":463,"depth":115,"text":464},{"id":524,"depth":115,"text":525},{"id":590,"depth":115,"text":2047},{"id":642,"depth":115,"text":643},{"id":724,"depth":93,"text":2050,"children":147719},[147720,147721,147722],{"id":735,"depth":115,"text":736},{"id":866,"depth":115,"text":867},{"id":928,"depth":115,"text":929},{"id":992,"depth":93,"text":993,"children":147724},[147725,147726,147727,147728],{"id":1001,"depth":115,"text":1002},{"id":1077,"depth":115,"text":1078},{"id":1234,"depth":115,"text":1235},{"id":1371,"depth":115,"text":2061},{"id":1566,"depth":93,"text":2063,"children":147730},[147731,147732],{"id":1577,"depth":115,"text":2066},{"id":1634,"depth":115,"text":1635},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":147735},[147736,147737,147738,147739,147740],{"id":1922,"depth":115,"text":2072},{"id":1932,"depth":115,"text":2074},{"id":1950,"depth":115,"text":2076},{"id":1959,"depth":115,"text":2078},{"id":1972,"depth":115,"text":2080},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},{},{"title":5,"description":2082},{"id":147745,"title":147746,"body":147747,"description":149149,"extension":2083,"meta":149150,"navigation":296,"path":149151,"seo":149152,"stem":149153,"__hash__":149154},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":147748,"toc":149117},[147749,147755,147761,147764,147827,147833,147838,147842,147859,147873,147877,147897,147911,147913,148006,148008,148022,148024,148027,148116,148118,148126,148135,148137,148141,148162,148164,148256,148258,148279,148281,148285,148299,148301,148375,148377,148396,148400,148403,148426,148428,148539,148546,148554,148556,148562,148565,148608,148611,148634,148642,148646,148721,148727,148752,148759,148762,148765,148769,148774,148862,148870,148874,148877,148902,148906,148967,148971,149020,149030,149032,149037,149040,149046,149049,149053,149057,149063,149066,149074,149082,149084,149114],[10,147750,147752,147753,11411],{"id":147751},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,147754,57370],{},[20,147756,147757,147760],{},[15,147758,147759],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,147762,147763],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[43,147765,147767],{"className":45,"code":147766,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,147768,147769,147797,147815],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147770,147771,147773,147775,147777,147779,147781,147783,147785,147787,147789,147791,147793,147795],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147772,59],{"class":58},[52,147774,63],{"class":62},[52,147776,9321],{"class":66},[52,147778,71],{"class":70},[52,147780,74],{"class":66},[52,147782,77],{"class":70},[52,147784,74],{"class":66},[52,147786,77],{"class":70},[52,147788,74],{"class":66},[52,147790,82],{"class":70},[52,147792,74],{"class":66},[52,147794,77],{"class":70},[52,147796,112],{"class":66},[52,147798,147799,147801,147803,147805,147807,147809,147811,147813],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,147800,2347],{"class":58},[52,147802,63],{"class":62},[52,147804,1686],{"class":58},[52,147806,242],{"class":66},[52,147808,41347],{"class":108},[52,147810,105],{"class":66},[52,147812,440],{"class":70},[52,147814,112],{"class":66},[52,147816,147817,147819,147821,147823,147825],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,147818,118],{"class":101},[52,147820,105],{"class":66},[52,147822,2382],{"class":108},[52,147824,126],{"class":66},[52,147826,50854],{"class":129},[20,147828,133,147829,147832],{},[15,147830,147831],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[38,147834,140,147836,143],{"id":147835},"what-tuplecount-does",[15,147837,147759],{},[20,147839,147840,1772],{},[15,147841,147831],{},[153,147843,147844,147850,147853,147856],{},[156,147845,147846,147847,147849],{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,147848,2588],{}," appears in the tuple",[156,147851,147852],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[156,147854,147855],{},"Returns an integer",[156,147857,147858],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,147860,147861,147862,147864,147865,1943,147869,242],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,147863,57370],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[236,147866,147868],{"href":147867},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained",[236,147870,147872],{"href":147871},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[38,147874,147876],{"id":147875},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[43,147878,147880],{"className":45,"code":147879,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,147881,147882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147883,147884,147887,147889,147891,147893,147895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147885,147886],{"class":58},"my_tuple",[52,147888,242],{"class":66},[52,147890,41347],{"class":108},[52,147892,105],{"class":66},[52,147894,2588],{"class":108},[52,147896,112],{"class":66},[153,147898,147899,147903,147906],{},[156,147900,147901,57535],{},[15,147902,2588],{},[156,147904,147905],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[156,147907,147908,147909],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,147910,207],{},[461,147912,103176],{"id":103175},[43,147914,147916],{"className":45,"code":147915,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,147917,147918,147958,147982],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,147919,147920,147922,147924,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936,147938,147940,147942,147944,147946,147948,147950,147952,147954,147956],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,147921,13165],{"class":58},[52,147923,63],{"class":62},[52,147925,9321],{"class":66},[52,147927,757],{"class":756},[52,147929,13182],{"class":760},[52,147931,757],{"class":756},[52,147933,74],{"class":66},[52,147935,768],{"class":756},[52,147937,13199],{"class":760},[52,147939,757],{"class":756},[52,147941,74],{"class":66},[52,147943,768],{"class":756},[52,147945,13182],{"class":760},[52,147947,757],{"class":756},[52,147949,74],{"class":66},[52,147951,768],{"class":756},[52,147953,17549],{"class":760},[52,147955,757],{"class":756},[52,147957,112],{"class":66},[52,147959,147960,147962,147964,147966,147968,147970,147972,147974,147976,147978,147980],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,147961,118],{"class":101},[52,147963,105],{"class":66},[52,147965,17596],{"class":108},[52,147967,242],{"class":66},[52,147969,41347],{"class":108},[52,147971,105],{"class":66},[52,147973,757],{"class":756},[52,147975,13182],{"class":760},[52,147977,757],{"class":756},[52,147979,5450],{"class":66},[52,147981,57725],{"class":129},[52,147983,147984,147986,147988,147990,147992,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,147985,118],{"class":101},[52,147987,105],{"class":66},[52,147989,17596],{"class":108},[52,147991,242],{"class":66},[52,147993,41347],{"class":108},[52,147995,105],{"class":66},[52,147997,757],{"class":756},[52,147999,22619],{"class":760},[52,148001,757],{"class":756},[52,148003,5450],{"class":66},[52,148005,51331],{"class":129},[20,148007,20051],{},[153,148009,148010,148015],{},[156,148011,148012,148014],{},[15,148013,65468],{}," appears 2 times",[156,148016,148017,148019,148020],{},[15,148018,109872],{}," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,148021,207],{},[38,148023,246],{"id":245},[20,148025,148026],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[43,148028,148030],{"className":45,"code":148029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,148031,148032,148080,148084,148106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148033,148034,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044,148046,148048,148050,148052,148054,148056,148058,148060,148062,148064,148066,148068,148070,148072,148074,148076,148078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148035,36333],{"class":58},[52,148037,63],{"class":62},[52,148039,9321],{"class":66},[52,148041,757],{"class":756},[52,148043,4171],{"class":760},[52,148045,757],{"class":756},[52,148047,74],{"class":66},[52,148049,768],{"class":756},[52,148051,4180],{"class":760},[52,148053,757],{"class":756},[52,148055,74],{"class":66},[52,148057,768],{"class":756},[52,148059,4171],{"class":760},[52,148061,757],{"class":756},[52,148063,74],{"class":66},[52,148065,768],{"class":756},[52,148067,33317],{"class":760},[52,148069,757],{"class":756},[52,148071,74],{"class":66},[52,148073,768],{"class":756},[52,148075,4171],{"class":760},[52,148077,757],{"class":756},[52,148079,112],{"class":66},[52,148081,148082],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,148083,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,148085,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148087,2347],{"class":58},[52,148089,63],{"class":62},[52,148091,52933],{"class":58},[52,148093,242],{"class":66},[52,148095,41347],{"class":108},[52,148097,105],{"class":66},[52,148099,757],{"class":756},[52,148101,4171],{"class":760},[52,148103,757],{"class":756},[52,148105,112],{"class":66},[52,148107,148108,148110,148112,148114],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,148109,118],{"class":101},[52,148111,105],{"class":66},[52,148113,2382],{"class":108},[52,148115,112],{"class":66},[20,148117,311],{},[43,148119,148120],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,148121,148122],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148123,148124],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148125,710],{"class":70},[20,148127,148128,148130,148131,2514,148133,242],{},[15,148129,57913],{}," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,148132,57370],{},[15,148134,445],{},[38,148136,38113],{"id":38112},[20,148138,57624,148139,128809],{},[15,148140,57370],{},[153,148142,148143,148148,148153,148156],{},[156,148144,11513,148145,148147],{},[15,148146,207],{}," when the value does not exist",[156,148149,11513,148150,148152],{},[15,148151,71],{}," when the value appears once",[156,148154,148155],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[156,148157,148158,148159,148161],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,148160,7079],{}," statements and other conditions",[20,148163,2324],{},[43,148165,148167],{"className":45,"code":148166,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,148168,148169,148210,148214,148241],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148170,148171,148174,148176,148178,148180,148182,148184,148186,148188,148190,148192,148194,148196,148198,148200,148202,148204,148206,148208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148172,148173],{"class":58},"answers ",[52,148175,63],{"class":62},[52,148177,9321],{"class":66},[52,148179,757],{"class":756},[52,148181,8744],{"class":760},[52,148183,757],{"class":756},[52,148185,74],{"class":66},[52,148187,768],{"class":756},[52,148189,8683],{"class":760},[52,148191,757],{"class":756},[52,148193,74],{"class":66},[52,148195,768],{"class":756},[52,148197,8744],{"class":760},[52,148199,757],{"class":756},[52,148201,74],{"class":66},[52,148203,768],{"class":756},[52,148205,8744],{"class":760},[52,148207,757],{"class":756},[52,148209,112],{"class":66},[52,148211,148212],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,148213,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,148215,148216,148218,148221,148223,148225,148227,148229,148231,148233,148235,148237,148239],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148217,7079],{"class":1195},[52,148219,148220],{"class":58}," answers",[52,148222,242],{"class":66},[52,148224,41347],{"class":108},[52,148226,105],{"class":66},[52,148228,757],{"class":756},[52,148230,8744],{"class":760},[52,148232,757],{"class":756},[52,148234,126],{"class":66},[52,148236,38489],{"class":62},[52,148238,5586],{"class":70},[52,148240,1689],{"class":66},[52,148242,148243,148245,148247,148249,148252,148254],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,148244,8154],{"class":101},[52,148246,105],{"class":66},[52,148248,757],{"class":756},[52,148250,148251],{"class":760},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[52,148253,757],{"class":756},[52,148255,112],{"class":66},[20,148257,311],{},[43,148259,148261],{"className":45,"code":148260,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,148262,148263],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148264,148265,148268,148270,148272,148274,148277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148266,148267],{"class":58},"The answer ",[52,148269,3406],{"class":756},[52,148271,8744],{"class":760},[52,148273,3406],{"class":756},[52,148275,148276],{"class":58}," appears more than once",[52,148278,122453],{"class":66},[38,148280,41136],{"id":41135},[20,148282,35504,148283,104639],{},[15,148284,147759],{},[153,148286,148287,148290,148293,148296],{},[156,148288,148289],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[156,148291,148292],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[156,148294,148295],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[156,148297,148298],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,148300,2324],{},[43,148302,148304],{"className":45,"code":148303,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,148305,148306,148334,148338,148360],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148307,148308,148310,148312,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148309,5157],{"class":58},[52,148311,63],{"class":62},[52,148313,9321],{"class":66},[52,148315,430],{"class":70},[52,148317,74],{"class":66},[52,148319,7874],{"class":70},[52,148321,74],{"class":66},[52,148323,270],{"class":70},[52,148325,74],{"class":66},[52,148327,7879],{"class":70},[52,148329,74],{"class":66},[52,148331,270],{"class":70},[52,148333,112],{"class":66},[52,148335,148336],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,148337,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,148339,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348,148350,148352,148354,148356,148358],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148341,7079],{"class":1195},[52,148343,5204],{"class":58},[52,148345,242],{"class":66},[52,148347,41347],{"class":108},[52,148349,105],{"class":66},[52,148351,430],{"class":70},[52,148353,126],{"class":66},[52,148355,51372],{"class":62},[52,148357,77],{"class":70},[52,148359,1689],{"class":66},[52,148361,148362,148364,148366,148368,148371,148373],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,148363,8154],{"class":101},[52,148365,105],{"class":66},[52,148367,757],{"class":756},[52,148369,148370],{"class":760},"The score 10 is repeated.",[52,148372,757],{"class":756},[52,148374,112],{"class":66},[20,148376,311],{},[43,148378,148380],{"className":45,"code":148379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,148381,148382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148383,148384,148387,148389,148391,148394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148385,148386],{"class":58},"The score ",[52,148388,430],{"class":70},[52,148390,8182],{"class":62},[52,148392,148393],{"class":58}," repeated",[52,148395,122453],{"class":66},[38,148397,148399],{"id":148398},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,148401,148402],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[153,148404,148405,148411,148416,148419],{},[156,148406,148407,148408,148410],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,148409,57370],{}," still works because it only reads data",[156,148412,148413,148415],{},[15,148414,57370],{}," counts exact matches",[156,148417,148418],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[156,148420,148421,652,148423,148425],{},[15,148422,71],{},[15,148424,42244],{}," compare as equal in Python",[20,148427,2324],{},[43,148429,148431],{"className":45,"code":148430,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,148432,148433,148467,148471,148491,148515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148434,148435,148437,148439,148441,148443,148445,148448,148450,148452,148455,148457,148459,148461,148463,148465],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148436,474],{"class":58},[52,148438,63],{"class":62},[52,148440,9321],{"class":66},[52,148442,71],{"class":70},[52,148444,74],{"class":66},[52,148446,148447],{"class":70}," 1.0",[52,148449,74],{"class":66},[52,148451,768],{"class":756},[52,148453,148454],{"class":760},"Cat",[52,148456,757],{"class":756},[52,148458,74],{"class":66},[52,148460,768],{"class":756},[52,148462,37141],{"class":760},[52,148464,757],{"class":756},[52,148466,112],{"class":66},[52,148468,148469],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,148470,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,148472,148473,148475,148477,148479,148481,148483,148485,148487,148489],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148474,118],{"class":101},[52,148476,105],{"class":66},[52,148478,507],{"class":108},[52,148480,242],{"class":66},[52,148482,41347],{"class":108},[52,148484,105],{"class":66},[52,148486,71],{"class":70},[52,148488,5450],{"class":66},[52,148490,51178],{"class":129},[52,148492,148493,148495,148497,148499,148501,148503,148505,148507,148509,148511,148513],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,148494,118],{"class":101},[52,148496,105],{"class":66},[52,148498,507],{"class":108},[52,148500,242],{"class":66},[52,148502,41347],{"class":108},[52,148504,105],{"class":66},[52,148506,757],{"class":756},[52,148508,148454],{"class":760},[52,148510,757],{"class":756},[52,148512,5450],{"class":66},[52,148514,27874],{"class":129},[52,148516,148517,148519,148521,148523,148525,148527,148529,148531,148533,148535,148537],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,148518,118],{"class":101},[52,148520,105],{"class":66},[52,148522,507],{"class":108},[52,148524,242],{"class":66},[52,148526,41347],{"class":108},[52,148528,105],{"class":66},[52,148530,757],{"class":756},[52,148532,37141],{"class":760},[52,148534,757],{"class":756},[52,148536,5450],{"class":66},[52,148538,27874],{"class":129},[20,148540,1973,148541,5252,148544,1963],{},[15,148542,148543],{},"values.count(1)",[15,148545,440],{},[20,148547,8872,148548,4876,148551,148553],{},[15,148549,148550],{},"1 == 1.0",[15,148552,173],{},", so both values are counted as matches.",[38,148555,1766],{"id":1765},[461,148557,1372,148559,148561],{"id":148558},"using-count-without-parentheses",[15,148560,41347],{}," without parentheses",[20,148563,148564],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[43,148566,148568],{"className":45,"code":148567,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,148569,148570,148594],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148571,148572,148574,148576,148578,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148573,59],{"class":58},[52,148575,63],{"class":62},[52,148577,9321],{"class":66},[52,148579,71],{"class":70},[52,148581,74],{"class":66},[52,148583,77],{"class":70},[52,148585,74],{"class":66},[52,148587,77],{"class":70},[52,148589,74],{"class":66},[52,148591,82],{"class":70},[52,148593,112],{"class":66},[52,148595,148596,148598,148600,148602,148604,148606],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,148597,118],{"class":101},[52,148599,105],{"class":66},[52,148601,109],{"class":108},[52,148603,242],{"class":66},[52,148605,41347],{"class":24845},[52,148607,112],{"class":66},[20,148609,148610],{},"To call the method correctly:",[43,148612,148614],{"className":45,"code":148613,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,148615,148616],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148617,148618,148620,148622,148624,148626,148628,148630,148632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148619,118],{"class":101},[52,148621,105],{"class":66},[52,148623,109],{"class":108},[52,148625,242],{"class":66},[52,148627,41347],{"class":108},[52,148629,105],{"class":66},[52,148631,440],{"class":70},[52,148633,510],{"class":66},[461,148635,8538,148636,8541,148638,1943,148640],{"id":58673},[15,148637,57370],{},[15,148639,173],{},[15,148641,655],{},[20,148643,148644,58684],{},[15,148645,57370],{},[43,148647,148649],{"className":45,"code":148648,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,148650,148651,148683,148705,148709],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148652,148653,148655,148657,148659,148661,148663,148665,148667,148669,148671,148673,148675,148677,148679,148681],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148654,1387],{"class":58},[52,148656,63],{"class":62},[52,148658,9321],{"class":66},[52,148660,757],{"class":756},[52,148662,236],{"class":760},[52,148664,757],{"class":756},[52,148666,74],{"class":66},[52,148668,768],{"class":756},[52,148670,4853],{"class":760},[52,148672,757],{"class":756},[52,148674,74],{"class":66},[52,148676,768],{"class":756},[52,148678,236],{"class":760},[52,148680,757],{"class":756},[52,148682,112],{"class":66},[52,148684,148685,148687,148689,148691,148693,148695,148697,148699,148701,148703],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,148686,2347],{"class":58},[52,148688,63],{"class":62},[52,148690,70170],{"class":58},[52,148692,242],{"class":66},[52,148694,41347],{"class":108},[52,148696,105],{"class":66},[52,148698,757],{"class":756},[52,148700,236],{"class":760},[52,148702,757],{"class":756},[52,148704,112],{"class":66},[52,148706,148707],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148708,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,148710,148711,148713,148715,148717,148719],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,148712,118],{"class":101},[52,148714,105],{"class":66},[52,148716,2382],{"class":108},[52,148718,126],{"class":66},[52,148720,51499],{"class":129},[20,148722,148723,148724,148726],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,148725,1202],{}," is often simpler:",[43,148728,148730],{"className":45,"code":148729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,148731,148732],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148733,148734,148736,148738,148740,148742,148744,148746,148748,148750],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148735,118],{"class":101},[52,148737,105],{"class":66},[52,148739,757],{"class":756},[52,148741,236],{"class":760},[52,148743,757],{"class":756},[52,148745,21268],{"class":1195},[52,148747,70170],{"class":108},[52,148749,126],{"class":66},[52,148751,3765],{"class":129},[461,148753,37298,148755,8791,148757],{"id":148754},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount",[15,148756,147759],{},[15,148758,57375],{},[20,148760,148761],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,148763,148764],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[461,148766,148768],{"id":148767},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,148770,148771,148773],{},[15,148772,57370],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[43,148775,148777],{"className":45,"code":148776,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,148778,148779,148812,148838],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148780,148781,148783,148785,148787,148789,148791,148793,148795,148797,148800,148802,148804,148806,148808,148810],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148782,749],{"class":58},[52,148784,63],{"class":62},[52,148786,9321],{"class":66},[52,148788,757],{"class":756},[52,148790,4171],{"class":760},[52,148792,757],{"class":756},[52,148794,74],{"class":66},[52,148796,768],{"class":756},[52,148798,148799],{"class":760},"pineapple",[52,148801,757],{"class":756},[52,148803,74],{"class":66},[52,148805,768],{"class":756},[52,148807,4171],{"class":760},[52,148809,757],{"class":756},[52,148811,112],{"class":66},[52,148813,148814,148816,148818,148820,148822,148824,148826,148828,148831,148833,148835],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,148815,118],{"class":101},[52,148817,105],{"class":66},[52,148819,788],{"class":108},[52,148821,242],{"class":66},[52,148823,41347],{"class":108},[52,148825,105],{"class":66},[52,148827,757],{"class":756},[52,148829,148830],{"class":760},"app",[52,148832,757],{"class":756},[52,148834,5450],{"class":66},[52,148836,148837],{"class":129},"    # 0\n",[52,148839,148840,148842,148844,148846,148848,148850,148852,148854,148856,148858,148860],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148841,118],{"class":101},[52,148843,105],{"class":66},[52,148845,788],{"class":108},[52,148847,242],{"class":66},[52,148849,41347],{"class":108},[52,148851,105],{"class":66},[52,148853,757],{"class":756},[52,148855,4171],{"class":760},[52,148857,757],{"class":756},[52,148859,5450],{"class":66},[52,148861,51499],{"class":129},[20,148863,148864,148867,148868,242],{},[15,148865,148866],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,148869,207],{},[38,148871,148873],{"id":148872},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,148875,148876],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[153,148878,148879,148884,148893,148899],{},[156,148880,133,148881,148883],{},[15,148882,1202],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[156,148885,133,148886,148892],{},[236,148887,148889,148890],{"href":148888},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,148891,59048],{}," to find the position of a value",[156,148894,133,148895,148898],{},[15,148896,148897],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[156,148900,148901],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,148903,46125,148904,1772],{},[15,148905,1202],{},[43,148907,148909],{"className":45,"code":148908,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,148910,148911,148931,148935,148951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148912,148913,148915,148917,148919,148921,148923,148925,148927,148929],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148914,59],{"class":58},[52,148916,63],{"class":62},[52,148918,9321],{"class":66},[52,148920,1595],{"class":70},[52,148922,74],{"class":66},[52,148924,1600],{"class":70},[52,148926,74],{"class":66},[52,148928,1605],{"class":70},[52,148930,112],{"class":66},[52,148932,148933],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,148934,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,148936,148937,148939,148941,148943,148945,148947,148949],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,148938,118],{"class":101},[52,148940,105],{"class":66},[52,148942,2145],{"class":70},[52,148944,21268],{"class":1195},[52,148946,1686],{"class":108},[52,148948,126],{"class":66},[52,148950,43939],{"class":129},[52,148952,148953,148955,148957,148959,148961,148963,148965],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,148954,118],{"class":101},[52,148956,105],{"class":66},[52,148958,265],{"class":70},[52,148960,21268],{"class":1195},[52,148962,1686],{"class":108},[52,148964,126],{"class":66},[52,148966,43956],{"class":129},[20,148968,46125,148969,1772],{},[15,148970,59048],{},[43,148972,148974],{"className":45,"code":148973,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,148975,148976,149000],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,148977,148978,148980,148982,148984,148986,148988,148990,148992,148994,148996,148998],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,148979,59],{"class":58},[52,148981,63],{"class":62},[52,148983,9321],{"class":66},[52,148985,1595],{"class":70},[52,148987,74],{"class":66},[52,148989,1600],{"class":70},[52,148991,74],{"class":66},[52,148993,1605],{"class":70},[52,148995,74],{"class":66},[52,148997,1600],{"class":70},[52,148999,112],{"class":66},[52,149001,149002,149004,149006,149008,149010,149012,149014,149016,149018],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149003,118],{"class":101},[52,149005,105],{"class":66},[52,149007,109],{"class":108},[52,149009,242],{"class":66},[52,149011,35945],{"class":108},[52,149013,105],{"class":66},[52,149015,2145],{"class":70},[52,149017,5450],{"class":66},[52,149019,27874],{"class":129},[20,149021,149022,149024,149025,149027,149029],{},[15,149023,57370],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[9932,149026],{},[15,149028,59048],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[38,149031,1919],{"id":1918},[461,149033,1923,149035,1926],{"id":149034},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python",[15,149036,147759],{},[20,149038,149039],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[461,149041,12792,149043,149045],{"id":149042},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple",[15,149044,147759],{}," change the tuple?",[20,149047,149048],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[461,149050,149052],{"id":149051},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,149054,11998,149055,242],{},[15,149056,207],{},[461,149058,1933,149060,149062],{"id":149059},"can-tuplecount-count-strings",[15,149061,147759],{}," count strings?",[20,149064,149065],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[461,149067,5270,149069,652,149071,1963],{"id":149068},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex",[15,149070,147759],{},[15,149072,149073],{},"tuple.index()",[20,149075,149076,149078,149079,149081],{},[15,149077,57370],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,149080,59048],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[38,149083,1986],{"id":1985},[153,149085,149086,149090,149095,149102,149110],{},[156,149087,149088],{},[236,149089,147868],{"href":147867},[156,149091,149092],{},[236,149093,149094],{"href":147871},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[156,149096,149097],{},[236,149098,149099,149100,10828],{"href":148888},"Python tuple ",[15,149101,59048],{},[156,149103,149104],{},[236,149105,149107,149108],{"href":149106},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,149109,2007],{},[156,149111,149112],{},[236,149113,59036],{"href":59035},[2029,149115,149116],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki 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var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":149118},[149119,149121,149124,149125,149126,149127,149128,149136,149137,149148],{"id":147835,"depth":93,"text":149120},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":147875,"depth":93,"text":147876,"children":149122},[149123],{"id":103175,"depth":115,"text":103176},{"id":245,"depth":93,"text":246},{"id":38112,"depth":93,"text":38113},{"id":41135,"depth":93,"text":41136},{"id":148398,"depth":93,"text":148399},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":149129},[149130,149132,149133,149135],{"id":148558,"depth":115,"text":149131},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":58673,"depth":115,"text":59089},{"id":148754,"depth":115,"text":149134},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":148767,"depth":115,"text":148768},{"id":148872,"depth":93,"text":148873},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":149138},[149139,149141,149143,149144,149146],{"id":149034,"depth":115,"text":149140},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":149042,"depth":115,"text":149142},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":149051,"depth":115,"text":149052},{"id":149059,"depth":115,"text":149145},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":149068,"depth":115,"text":149147},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":147746,"description":149149},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",{"id":149156,"title":149157,"body":149158,"description":150845,"extension":2083,"meta":150846,"navigation":296,"path":150847,"seo":150848,"stem":150849,"__hash__":150850},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":149159,"toc":150808},[149160,149163,149166,149175,149177,149307,149309,149370,149376,149378,149398,149402,149405,149408,149443,149445,149466,149469,149508,149510,149535,149542,149546,149549,149586,149588,149611,149614,149617,149629,149635,149639,149642,149648,149689,149691,149714,149717,149758,149760,149787,149789,149806,149808,149825,149828,149832,149835,149837,149871,149873,149920,149924,149963,149967,149970,150027,150029,150070,150076,150082,150087,150089,150126,150128,150148,150150,150183,150185,150218,150221,150225,150258,150260,150285,150288,150290,150304,150311,150313,150316,150320,150323,150358,150361,150396,150400,150403,150442,150445,150484,150488,150490,150520,150523,150530,150532,150564,150567,150599,150602,150633,150635,150652,150656,150659,150723,150725,150729,150736,150740,150743,150747,150750,150754,150757,150762,150768,150770,150805],[10,149161,149157],{"id":149162},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,149164,149165],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,149167,149168,149169,1943,149173,242],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[236,149170,149172],{"href":149171},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[236,149174,147868],{"href":147867},[38,149176,41],{"id":40},[43,149178,149180],{"className":45,"code":149179,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,149181,149182,149202,149211,149225,149261,149265,149275,149285,149296],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149183,149184,149186,149188,149190,149192,149194,149196,149198,149200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149185,59],{"class":58},[52,149187,63],{"class":62},[52,149189,9321],{"class":66},[52,149191,71],{"class":70},[52,149193,74],{"class":66},[52,149195,77],{"class":70},[52,149197,74],{"class":66},[52,149199,82],{"class":70},[52,149201,112],{"class":66},[52,149203,149204,149206,149208],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149205,124919],{"class":58},[52,149207,63],{"class":62},[52,149209,149210],{"class":66}," ()\n",[52,149212,149213,149216,149218,149220,149222],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149214,149215],{"class":58},"one_item ",[52,149217,63],{"class":62},[52,149219,9321],{"class":66},[52,149221,265],{"class":70},[52,149223,149224],{"class":66},",)\n",[52,149226,149227,149230,149232,149235,149237,149239,149241,149243,149245,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257,149259],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,149228,149229],{"class":58},"from_list ",[52,149231,63],{"class":62},[52,149233,149234],{"class":1184}," tuple",[52,149236,1058],{"class":66},[52,149238,757],{"class":756},[52,149240,236],{"class":760},[52,149242,757],{"class":756},[52,149244,74],{"class":66},[52,149246,768],{"class":756},[52,149248,4853],{"class":760},[52,149250,757],{"class":756},[52,149252,74],{"class":66},[52,149254,768],{"class":756},[52,149256,9825],{"class":760},[52,149258,757],{"class":756},[52,149260,1858],{"class":66},[52,149262,149263],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,149264,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,149266,149267,149269,149271,149273],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,149268,118],{"class":101},[52,149270,105],{"class":66},[52,149272,109],{"class":108},[52,149274,112],{"class":66},[52,149276,149277,149279,149281,149283],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,149278,118],{"class":101},[52,149280,105],{"class":66},[52,149282,124970],{"class":108},[52,149284,112],{"class":66},[52,149286,149287,149289,149291,149294],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,149288,118],{"class":101},[52,149290,105],{"class":66},[52,149292,149293],{"class":108},"one_item",[52,149295,112],{"class":66},[52,149297,149298,149300,149302,149305],{"class":54,"line":6515},[52,149299,118],{"class":101},[52,149301,105],{"class":66},[52,149303,149304],{"class":108},"from_list",[52,149306,112],{"class":66},[20,149308,311],{},[43,149310,149312],{"className":45,"code":149311,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149313,149314,149330,149334,149342],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149315,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326,149328],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149317,105],{"class":66},[52,149319,71],{"class":70},[52,149321,74],{"class":66},[52,149323,77],{"class":70},[52,149325,74],{"class":66},[52,149327,82],{"class":70},[52,149329,112],{"class":66},[52,149331,149332],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149333,8729],{"class":66},[52,149335,149336,149338,149340],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149337,105],{"class":66},[52,149339,265],{"class":70},[52,149341,149224],{"class":66},[52,149343,149344,149346,149348,149350,149352,149354,149356,149358,149360,149362,149364,149366,149368],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,149345,105],{"class":66},[52,149347,3406],{"class":756},[52,149349,236],{"class":760},[52,149351,3406],{"class":756},[52,149353,74],{"class":66},[52,149355,3401],{"class":756},[52,149357,4853],{"class":760},[52,149359,3406],{"class":756},[52,149361,74],{"class":66},[52,149363,3401],{"class":756},[52,149365,9825],{"class":760},[52,149367,3406],{"class":756},[52,149369,112],{"class":66},[20,149371,149372,149373,242],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,149374,149375],{},"(5,)",[38,149377,15254],{"id":15253},[153,149379,149380,149383,149386,149389,149392,149395],{},[156,149381,149382],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[156,149384,149385],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[156,149387,149388],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[156,149390,149391],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[156,149393,149394],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[156,149396,149397],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[38,149399,149401],{"id":149400},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,149403,149404],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,149406,149407],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[43,149409,149411],{"className":45,"code":149410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149412,149413,149433],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149414,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429,149431],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149416,59],{"class":58},[52,149418,63],{"class":62},[52,149420,9321],{"class":66},[52,149422,71],{"class":70},[52,149424,74],{"class":66},[52,149426,77],{"class":70},[52,149428,74],{"class":66},[52,149430,82],{"class":70},[52,149432,112],{"class":66},[52,149434,149435,149437,149439,149441],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149436,118],{"class":101},[52,149438,105],{"class":66},[52,149440,109],{"class":108},[52,149442,112],{"class":66},[20,149444,311],{},[43,149446,149448],{"className":45,"code":149447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149449,149450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149451,149452,149454,149456,149458,149460,149462,149464],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149453,105],{"class":66},[52,149455,71],{"class":70},[52,149457,74],{"class":66},[52,149459,77],{"class":70},[52,149461,74],{"class":66},[52,149463,82],{"class":70},[52,149465,112],{"class":66},[20,149467,149468],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[43,149470,149472],{"className":45,"code":149471,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149473,149474,149498],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149475,149476,149478,149480,149482,149484,149486,149488,149490,149492,149494,149496],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149477,9251],{"class":58},[52,149479,63],{"class":62},[52,149481,9321],{"class":66},[52,149483,71],{"class":70},[52,149485,74],{"class":66},[52,149487,768],{"class":756},[52,149489,4171],{"class":760},[52,149491,757],{"class":756},[52,149493,74],{"class":66},[52,149495,684],{"class":674},[52,149497,112],{"class":66},[52,149499,149500,149502,149504,149506],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149501,118],{"class":101},[52,149503,105],{"class":66},[52,149505,9289],{"class":108},[52,149507,112],{"class":66},[20,149509,311],{},[43,149511,149513],{"className":45,"code":149512,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149514,149515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149516,149517,149519,149521,149523,149525,149527,149529,149531,149533],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149518,105],{"class":66},[52,149520,71],{"class":70},[52,149522,74],{"class":66},[52,149524,3401],{"class":756},[52,149526,4171],{"class":760},[52,149528,3406],{"class":756},[52,149530,74],{"class":66},[52,149532,684],{"class":674},[52,149534,112],{"class":66},[20,149536,149537,149538,242],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[236,149539,149541],{"href":149540},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[38,149543,149545],{"id":149544},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149547,149548],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[43,149550,149552],{"className":45,"code":149551,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149553,149554,149562,149572],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149555,149556,149558,149560],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149557,124919],{"class":58},[52,149559,63],{"class":62},[52,149561,149210],{"class":66},[52,149563,149564,149566,149568,149570],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149565,118],{"class":101},[52,149567,105],{"class":66},[52,149569,124970],{"class":108},[52,149571,112],{"class":66},[52,149573,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149575,118],{"class":101},[52,149577,105],{"class":66},[52,149579,1827],{"class":1184},[52,149581,105],{"class":66},[52,149583,124970],{"class":108},[52,149585,510],{"class":66},[20,149587,311],{},[43,149589,149591],{"className":45,"code":149590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149592,149593,149597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149594,149595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149596,8729],{"class":66},[52,149598,149599,149601,149603,149605,149607,149609],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149600,3395],{"class":62},[52,149602,3398],{"class":2184},[52,149604,3401],{"class":756},[52,149606,49036],{"class":760},[52,149608,3406],{"class":756},[52,149610,3409],{"class":62},[20,149612,149613],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149615,149616],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[153,149618,149619,149624],{},[156,149620,149621,149622],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149623,7448],{},[156,149625,149626,149627],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149628,3887],{},[20,149630,149631,149632,242],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[236,149633,149634],{"href":57233},"Python list: creating a list",[38,149636,149638],{"id":149637},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149640,149641],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149643,149644,149645,149647],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3842,149646,4722],{}," automatically a tuple:",[43,149649,149651],{"className":45,"code":149650,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149652,149653,149665,149675],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149654,149655,149657,149659,149661,149663],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149656,2563],{"class":58},[52,149658,63],{"class":62},[52,149660,9321],{"class":66},[52,149662,265],{"class":70},[52,149664,112],{"class":66},[52,149666,149667,149669,149671,149673],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149668,118],{"class":101},[52,149670,105],{"class":66},[52,149672,2588],{"class":108},[52,149674,112],{"class":66},[52,149676,149677,149679,149681,149683,149685,149687],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149678,118],{"class":101},[52,149680,105],{"class":66},[52,149682,1827],{"class":1184},[52,149684,105],{"class":66},[52,149686,2588],{"class":108},[52,149688,510],{"class":66},[20,149690,311],{},[43,149692,149694],{"className":45,"code":149693,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149695,149696,149700],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149697,149698],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149699,1068],{"class":70},[52,149701,149702,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149703,3395],{"class":62},[52,149705,3398],{"class":2184},[52,149707,3401],{"class":756},[52,149709,1185],{"class":760},[52,149711,3406],{"class":756},[52,149713,3409],{"class":62},[20,149715,149716],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[43,149718,149720],{"className":45,"code":149719,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149721,149722,149734,149744],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149723,149724,149726,149728,149730,149732],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149725,149215],{"class":58},[52,149727,63],{"class":62},[52,149729,9321],{"class":66},[52,149731,265],{"class":70},[52,149733,149224],{"class":66},[52,149735,149736,149738,149740,149742],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149737,118],{"class":101},[52,149739,105],{"class":66},[52,149741,149293],{"class":108},[52,149743,112],{"class":66},[52,149745,149746,149748,149750,149752,149754,149756],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,149747,118],{"class":101},[52,149749,105],{"class":66},[52,149751,1827],{"class":1184},[52,149753,105],{"class":66},[52,149755,149293],{"class":108},[52,149757,510],{"class":66},[20,149759,311],{},[43,149761,149763],{"className":45,"code":149762,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149764,149765,149773],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149766,149767,149769,149771],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149768,105],{"class":66},[52,149770,265],{"class":70},[52,149772,149224],{"class":66},[52,149774,149775,149777,149779,149781,149783,149785],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149776,3395],{"class":62},[52,149778,3398],{"class":2184},[52,149780,3401],{"class":756},[52,149782,49036],{"class":760},[52,149784,3406],{"class":756},[52,149786,3409],{"class":62},[20,149788,16748],{},[43,149790,149792],{"className":45,"code":149791,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149793,149794],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149795,149796,149798,149800,149802,149804],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149797,105],{"class":66},[52,149799,757],{"class":756},[52,149801,4171],{"class":760},[52,149803,757],{"class":756},[52,149805,149224],{"class":66},[20,149807,16736],{},[43,149809,149811],{"className":45,"code":149810,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149812,149813],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149814,149815,149817,149819,149821,149823],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149816,105],{"class":66},[52,149818,757],{"class":756},[52,149820,4171],{"class":760},[52,149822,757],{"class":756},[52,149824,112],{"class":66},[20,149826,149827],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[38,149829,149831],{"id":149830},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149833,149834],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[461,149836,56541],{"id":109},[43,149838,149839],{"className":45,"code":149410,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,149840,149841,149861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149842,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853,149855,149857,149859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149844,59],{"class":58},[52,149846,63],{"class":62},[52,149848,9321],{"class":66},[52,149850,71],{"class":70},[52,149852,74],{"class":66},[52,149854,77],{"class":70},[52,149856,74],{"class":66},[52,149858,82],{"class":70},[52,149860,112],{"class":66},[52,149862,149863,149865,149867,149869],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149864,118],{"class":101},[52,149866,105],{"class":66},[52,149868,109],{"class":108},[52,149870,112],{"class":66},[461,149872,56544],{"id":5398},[43,149874,149876],{"className":45,"code":149875,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149877,149878,149910],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149879,149880,149882,149884,149886,149888,149890,149892,149894,149896,149898,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149881,13165],{"class":58},[52,149883,63],{"class":62},[52,149885,9321],{"class":66},[52,149887,757],{"class":756},[52,149889,13182],{"class":760},[52,149891,757],{"class":756},[52,149893,74],{"class":66},[52,149895,768],{"class":756},[52,149897,17549],{"class":760},[52,149899,757],{"class":756},[52,149901,74],{"class":66},[52,149903,768],{"class":756},[52,149905,13199],{"class":760},[52,149907,757],{"class":756},[52,149909,112],{"class":66},[52,149911,149912,149914,149916,149918],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149913,118],{"class":101},[52,149915,105],{"class":66},[52,149917,17596],{"class":108},[52,149919,112],{"class":66},[461,149921,149923],{"id":149922},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[43,149925,149927],{"className":45,"code":149926,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149928,149929,149953],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149930,149931,149933,149935,149937,149939,149941,149943,149945,149947,149949,149951],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149932,59553],{"class":58},[52,149934,63],{"class":62},[52,149936,9321],{"class":66},[52,149938,71],{"class":70},[52,149940,74],{"class":66},[52,149942,768],{"class":756},[52,149944,4171],{"class":760},[52,149946,757],{"class":756},[52,149948,74],{"class":66},[52,149950,684],{"class":674},[52,149952,112],{"class":66},[52,149954,149955,149957,149959,149961],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,149956,118],{"class":101},[52,149958,105],{"class":66},[52,149960,59606],{"class":108},[52,149962,112],{"class":66},[461,149964,149966],{"id":149965},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149968,149969],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[43,149971,149973],{"className":45,"code":149972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149974,149975,150016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,149976,149977,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996,149998,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010,150012,150014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,149978,149979],{"class":58},"nested ",[52,149981,63],{"class":62},[52,149983,9321],{"class":66},[52,149985,71],{"class":70},[52,149987,74],{"class":66},[52,149989,9321],{"class":66},[52,149991,757],{"class":756},[52,149993,236],{"class":760},[52,149995,757],{"class":756},[52,149997,74],{"class":66},[52,149999,768],{"class":756},[52,150001,4853],{"class":760},[52,150003,757],{"class":756},[52,150005,9318],{"class":66},[52,150007,67],{"class":66},[52,150009,430],{"class":70},[52,150011,74],{"class":66},[52,150013,7874],{"class":70},[52,150015,1858],{"class":66},[52,150017,150018,150020,150022,150025],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150019,118],{"class":101},[52,150021,105],{"class":66},[52,150023,150024],{"class":108},"nested",[52,150026,112],{"class":66},[20,150028,311],{},[43,150030,150032],{"className":45,"code":150031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,150033,150034],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150035,150036,150038,150040,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052,150054,150056,150058,150060,150062,150064,150066,150068],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150037,105],{"class":66},[52,150039,71],{"class":70},[52,150041,74],{"class":66},[52,150043,9321],{"class":66},[52,150045,3406],{"class":756},[52,150047,236],{"class":760},[52,150049,3406],{"class":756},[52,150051,74],{"class":66},[52,150053,3401],{"class":756},[52,150055,4853],{"class":760},[52,150057,3406],{"class":756},[52,150059,9318],{"class":66},[52,150061,67],{"class":66},[52,150063,430],{"class":70},[52,150065,74],{"class":66},[52,150067,7874],{"class":70},[52,150069,1858],{"class":66},[38,150071,150073,150074],{"id":150072},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,150075,38139],{},[20,150077,150078,150079,150081],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,150080,38139],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,150083,150084,150085,242],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[236,150086,63294],{"href":63293},[461,150088,105316],{"id":105315},[43,150090,150092],{"className":45,"code":150091,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,150093,150094,150116],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150095,150096,150098,150100,150102,150104,150106,150108,150110,150112,150114],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150097,59],{"class":58},[52,150099,63],{"class":62},[52,150101,149234],{"class":1184},[52,150103,1058],{"class":66},[52,150105,71],{"class":70},[52,150107,74],{"class":66},[52,150109,77],{"class":70},[52,150111,74],{"class":66},[52,150113,82],{"class":70},[52,150115,1858],{"class":66},[52,150117,150118,150120,150122,150124],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150119,118],{"class":101},[52,150121,105],{"class":66},[52,150123,109],{"class":108},[52,150125,112],{"class":66},[20,150127,311],{},[43,150129,150130],{"className":45,"code":149447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150131,150132],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150133,150134,150136,150138,150140,150142,150144,150146],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150135,105],{"class":66},[52,150137,71],{"class":70},[52,150139,74],{"class":66},[52,150141,77],{"class":70},[52,150143,74],{"class":66},[52,150145,82],{"class":70},[52,150147,112],{"class":66},[461,150149,105502],{"id":105501},[43,150151,150153],{"className":45,"code":150152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,150154,150155,150173],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150156,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167,150169,150171],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150158,1387],{"class":58},[52,150160,63],{"class":62},[52,150162,149234],{"class":1184},[52,150164,105],{"class":66},[52,150166,757],{"class":756},[52,150168,41646],{"class":760},[52,150170,757],{"class":756},[52,150172,112],{"class":66},[52,150174,150175,150177,150179,150181],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150176,118],{"class":101},[52,150178,105],{"class":66},[52,150180,1458],{"class":108},[52,150182,112],{"class":66},[20,150184,311],{},[43,150186,150188],{"className":45,"code":150187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,150189,150190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150191,150192,150194,150196,150198,150200,150202,150204,150206,150208,150210,150212,150214,150216],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150193,105],{"class":66},[52,150195,3406],{"class":756},[52,150197,236],{"class":760},[52,150199,3406],{"class":756},[52,150201,74],{"class":66},[52,150203,3401],{"class":756},[52,150205,4853],{"class":760},[52,150207,3406],{"class":756},[52,150209,74],{"class":66},[52,150211,3401],{"class":756},[52,150213,9825],{"class":760},[52,150215,3406],{"class":756},[52,150217,112],{"class":66},[20,150219,150220],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[461,150222,150224],{"id":150223},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[43,150226,150228],{"className":45,"code":150227,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,150229,150230,150248],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150231,150232,150234,150236,150238,150240,150242,150244,150246],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150233,474],{"class":58},[52,150235,63],{"class":62},[52,150237,149234],{"class":1184},[52,150239,105],{"class":66},[52,150241,28],{"class":101},[52,150243,105],{"class":66},[52,150245,1595],{"class":70},[52,150247,510],{"class":66},[52,150249,150250,150252,150254,150256],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150251,118],{"class":101},[52,150253,105],{"class":66},[52,150255,507],{"class":108},[52,150257,112],{"class":66},[20,150259,311],{},[43,150261,150263],{"className":45,"code":150262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,150264,150265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150266,150267,150269,150271,150273,150275,150277,150279,150281,150283],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150268,105],{"class":66},[52,150270,207],{"class":70},[52,150272,74],{"class":66},[52,150274,5586],{"class":70},[52,150276,74],{"class":66},[52,150278,77],{"class":70},[52,150280,74],{"class":66},[52,150282,82],{"class":70},[52,150284,112],{"class":66},[20,150286,150287],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[38,150289,20895],{"id":20894},[153,150291,150292,150295,150298,150301],{},[156,150293,150294],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[156,150296,150297],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[156,150299,150300],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[156,150302,150303],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,150305,150306,150307,242],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[236,150308,150310],{"href":150309},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[38,150312,1766],{"id":1765},[20,150314,150315],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[461,150317,150319],{"id":150318},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,150321,150322],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[43,150324,150326],{"className":45,"code":150325,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150327,150328,150344],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150329,150330,150332,150334,150336,150338,150340,150342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150331,28633],{"class":58},[52,150333,63],{"class":62},[52,150335,9321],{"class":66},[52,150337,757],{"class":756},[52,150339,4171],{"class":760},[52,150341,757],{"class":756},[52,150343,112],{"class":66},[52,150345,150346,150348,150350,150352,150354,150356],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150347,118],{"class":101},[52,150349,105],{"class":66},[52,150351,1827],{"class":1184},[52,150353,105],{"class":66},[52,150355,23406],{"class":108},[52,150357,510],{"class":66},[20,150359,150360],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[43,150362,150364],{"className":45,"code":150363,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,150365,150366,150382],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150367,150368,150370,150372,150374,150376,150378,150380],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150369,28633],{"class":58},[52,150371,63],{"class":62},[52,150373,9321],{"class":66},[52,150375,757],{"class":756},[52,150377,4171],{"class":760},[52,150379,757],{"class":756},[52,150381,149224],{"class":66},[52,150383,150384,150386,150388,150390,150392,150394],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150385,118],{"class":101},[52,150387,105],{"class":66},[52,150389,1827],{"class":1184},[52,150391,105],{"class":66},[52,150393,23406],{"class":108},[52,150395,510],{"class":66},[461,150397,150399],{"id":150398},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,150401,150402],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[43,150404,150406],{"className":45,"code":150405,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150407,150408,150428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150409,150410,150412,150414,150416,150418,150420,150422,150424,150426],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150411,474],{"class":58},[52,150413,63],{"class":62},[52,150415,67],{"class":66},[52,150417,71],{"class":70},[52,150419,74],{"class":66},[52,150421,77],{"class":70},[52,150423,74],{"class":66},[52,150425,82],{"class":70},[52,150427,90],{"class":66},[52,150429,150430,150432,150434,150436,150438,150440],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150431,118],{"class":101},[52,150433,105],{"class":66},[52,150435,1827],{"class":1184},[52,150437,105],{"class":66},[52,150439,507],{"class":108},[52,150441,510],{"class":66},[20,150443,150444],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[43,150446,150448],{"className":45,"code":150447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150449,150450,150470],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150451,150452,150454,150456,150458,150460,150462,150464,150466,150468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150453,474],{"class":58},[52,150455,63],{"class":62},[52,150457,9321],{"class":66},[52,150459,71],{"class":70},[52,150461,74],{"class":66},[52,150463,77],{"class":70},[52,150465,74],{"class":66},[52,150467,82],{"class":70},[52,150469,112],{"class":66},[52,150471,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480,150482],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150473,118],{"class":101},[52,150475,105],{"class":66},[52,150477,1827],{"class":1184},[52,150479,105],{"class":66},[52,150481,507],{"class":108},[52,150483,510],{"class":66},[461,150485,150487],{"id":150486},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150489,150300],{},[43,150491,150493],{"className":45,"code":150492,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150494,150495,150515],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150496,150497,150499,150501,150503,150505,150507,150509,150511,150513],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150498,59],{"class":58},[52,150500,63],{"class":62},[52,150502,9321],{"class":66},[52,150504,71],{"class":70},[52,150506,74],{"class":66},[52,150508,77],{"class":70},[52,150510,74],{"class":66},[52,150512,82],{"class":70},[52,150514,112],{"class":66},[52,150516,150517],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150518,150519],{"class":129},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150521,150522],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[461,150524,37298,150526,150529],{"id":150525},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150527,150528],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150531,64719],{},[43,150533,150534],{"className":45,"code":150152,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150535,150536,150554],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150537,150538,150540,150542,150544,150546,150548,150550,150552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150539,1387],{"class":58},[52,150541,63],{"class":62},[52,150543,149234],{"class":1184},[52,150545,105],{"class":66},[52,150547,757],{"class":756},[52,150549,41646],{"class":760},[52,150551,757],{"class":756},[52,150553,112],{"class":66},[52,150555,150556,150558,150560,150562],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150557,118],{"class":101},[52,150559,105],{"class":66},[52,150561,1458],{"class":108},[52,150563,112],{"class":66},[20,150565,150566],{},"gives:",[43,150568,150569],{"className":45,"code":150187,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,150570,150571],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150572,150573,150575,150577,150579,150581,150583,150585,150587,150589,150591,150593,150595,150597],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150574,105],{"class":66},[52,150576,3406],{"class":756},[52,150578,236],{"class":760},[52,150580,3406],{"class":756},[52,150582,74],{"class":66},[52,150584,3401],{"class":756},[52,150586,4853],{"class":760},[52,150588,3406],{"class":756},[52,150590,74],{"class":66},[52,150592,3401],{"class":756},[52,150594,9825],{"class":760},[52,150596,3406],{"class":756},[52,150598,112],{"class":66},[20,150600,150601],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[43,150603,150605],{"className":45,"code":150604,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150606,150607,150623],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150608,150609,150611,150613,150615,150617,150619,150621],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150610,6240],{"class":58},[52,150612,63],{"class":62},[52,150614,9321],{"class":66},[52,150616,757],{"class":756},[52,150618,41646],{"class":760},[52,150620,757],{"class":756},[52,150622,149224],{"class":66},[52,150624,150625,150627,150629,150631],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150626,118],{"class":101},[52,150628,105],{"class":66},[52,150630,38484],{"class":108},[52,150632,112],{"class":66},[20,150634,311],{},[43,150636,150638],{"className":45,"code":150637,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('abc',)\n",[15,150639,150640],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150641,150642,150644,150646,150648,150650],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150643,105],{"class":66},[52,150645,3406],{"class":756},[52,150647,41646],{"class":760},[52,150649,3406],{"class":756},[52,150651,149224],{"class":66},[461,150653,150655],{"id":150654},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150657,150658],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[43,150660,150662],{"className":45,"code":150661,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150663,150664,150681,150685,150695,150709],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150665,150666,150669,150671,150673,150675,150677,150679],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150667,150668],{"class":58},"my_tuple ",[52,150670,63],{"class":62},[52,150672,9321],{"class":66},[52,150674,757],{"class":756},[52,150676,4171],{"class":760},[52,150678,757],{"class":756},[52,150680,149224],{"class":66},[52,150682,150683],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150684,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,150686,150687,150689,150691,150693],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,150688,118],{"class":101},[52,150690,105],{"class":66},[52,150692,147886],{"class":108},[52,150694,112],{"class":66},[52,150696,150697,150699,150701,150703,150705,150707],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,150698,118],{"class":101},[52,150700,105],{"class":66},[52,150702,1827],{"class":1184},[52,150704,105],{"class":66},[52,150706,147886],{"class":108},[52,150708,510],{"class":66},[52,150710,150711,150713,150715,150717,150719,150721],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,150712,118],{"class":101},[52,150714,105],{"class":66},[52,150716,11250],{"class":101},[52,150718,105],{"class":66},[52,150720,147886],{"class":108},[52,150722,510],{"class":66},[38,150724,1919],{"id":1918},[461,150726,150728],{"id":150727},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150730,150731,150732,150735],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150733,150734],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[461,150737,150739],{"id":150738},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150741,150742],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[461,150744,150746],{"id":150745},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150748,150749],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[461,150751,150753],{"id":150752},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150755,150756],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[461,150758,1923,150760,12804],{"id":150759},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150761,150528],{},[20,150763,5240,150764,150767],{},[15,150765,150766],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[38,150769,1986],{"id":1985},[153,150771,150772,150776,150780,150786,150791,150796,150800],{},[156,150773,150774],{},[236,150775,147868],{"href":147867},[156,150777,150778],{},[236,150779,149541],{"href":149540},[156,150781,150782],{},[236,150783,150785],{"href":150784},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[156,150787,150788],{},[236,150789,150790],{"href":149106},"Python tuple length with len()",[156,150792,150793],{},[236,150794,150795],{"href":149171},"What is a tuple in Python?",[156,150797,150798],{},[236,150799,63294],{"href":63293},[156,150801,150802],{},[236,150803,150804],{"href":150309},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[2029,150806,150807],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":150809},[150810,150811,150812,150813,150814,150815,150821,150827,150828,150836,150844],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":15253,"depth":93,"text":15254},{"id":149400,"depth":93,"text":149401},{"id":149544,"depth":93,"text":149545},{"id":149637,"depth":93,"text":149638},{"id":149830,"depth":93,"text":149831,"children":150816},[150817,150818,150819,150820],{"id":109,"depth":115,"text":56541},{"id":5398,"depth":115,"text":56544},{"id":149922,"depth":115,"text":149923},{"id":149965,"depth":115,"text":149966},{"id":150072,"depth":93,"text":150822,"children":150823},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150824,150825,150826],{"id":105315,"depth":115,"text":105316},{"id":105501,"depth":115,"text":105502},{"id":150223,"depth":115,"text":150224},{"id":20894,"depth":93,"text":20895},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":150829},[150830,150831,150832,150833,150835],{"id":150318,"depth":115,"text":150319},{"id":150398,"depth":115,"text":150399},{"id":150486,"depth":115,"text":150487},{"id":150525,"depth":115,"text":150834},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150654,"depth":115,"text":150655},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":150837},[150838,150839,150840,150841,150842],{"id":150727,"depth":115,"text":150728},{"id":150738,"depth":115,"text":150739},{"id":150745,"depth":115,"text":150746},{"id":150752,"depth":115,"text":150753},{"id":150759,"depth":115,"text":150843},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":149157,"description":150845},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150852,"title":150853,"body":150854,"description":152399,"extension":2083,"meta":152400,"navigation":296,"path":152401,"seo":152402,"stem":152403,"__hash__":152404},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150855,"toc":152369},[150856,150859,150864,150866,150879,150885,150887,150954,150956,150991,150996,151000,151004,151006,151017,151025,151027,151029,151050,151052,151072,151075,151077,151082,151125,151127,151149,151152,151165,151169,151173,151176,151229,151231,151252,151257,151261,151264,151309,151311,151344,151356,151360,151368,151405,151407,151436,151440,151443,151496,151498,151518,151525,151529,151534,151603,151605,151630,151634,151637,151643,151720,151722,151781,151783,151795,151800,151804,151808,151822,151824,151859,151861,151878,151881,151894,151898,151902,151913,151918,151933,151936,151939,151941,151944,151948,151950,151964,151966,151990,151995,151999,152002,152021,152024,152073,152078,152095,152098,152131,152135,152137,152188,152191,152216,152219,152242,152246,152252,152254,152289,152292,152297,152299,152303,152306,152310,152315,152319,152322,152326,152329,152333,152338,152340,152366],[10,150857,150853],{"id":150858},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150860,22,150861,150863],{},[15,150862,38139],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150865,82662],{},[153,150867,150868,150873],{},[156,150869,150870,150872],{},[15,150871,38139],{}," creates an empty tuple",[156,150874,150875,150878],{},[15,150876,150877],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150880,150881,150882,150884],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150883,38139],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[38,150886,41],{"id":40},[43,150888,150890],{"className":45,"code":150889,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150891,150892,150912,150926,150930,150940],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150893,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150895,59],{"class":58},[52,150897,63],{"class":62},[52,150899,67],{"class":66},[52,150901,71],{"class":70},[52,150903,74],{"class":66},[52,150905,77],{"class":70},[52,150907,74],{"class":66},[52,150909,82],{"class":70},[52,150911,90],{"class":66},[52,150913,150914,150916,150918,150920,150922,150924],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150915,2347],{"class":58},[52,150917,63],{"class":62},[52,150919,149234],{"class":1184},[52,150921,105],{"class":66},[52,150923,109],{"class":108},[52,150925,112],{"class":66},[52,150927,150928],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,150929,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,150931,150932,150934,150936,150938],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,150933,118],{"class":101},[52,150935,105],{"class":66},[52,150937,2382],{"class":108},[52,150939,112],{"class":66},[52,150941,150942,150944,150946,150948,150950,150952],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,150943,118],{"class":101},[52,150945,105],{"class":66},[52,150947,1827],{"class":1184},[52,150949,105],{"class":66},[52,150951,2382],{"class":108},[52,150953,510],{"class":66},[20,150955,311],{},[43,150957,150959],{"className":45,"code":150958,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150960,150961,150977],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,150962,150963,150965,150967,150969,150971,150973,150975],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,150964,105],{"class":66},[52,150966,71],{"class":70},[52,150968,74],{"class":66},[52,150970,77],{"class":70},[52,150972,74],{"class":66},[52,150974,82],{"class":70},[52,150976,112],{"class":66},[52,150978,150979,150981,150983,150985,150987,150989],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,150980,3395],{"class":62},[52,150982,3398],{"class":2184},[52,150984,3401],{"class":756},[52,150986,49036],{"class":760},[52,150988,3406],{"class":756},[52,150990,3409],{"class":62},[20,150992,133,150993,150995],{},[15,150994,150877],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[38,150997,150999],{"id":150998},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,151001,151002,63002],{},[15,151003,38139],{},[20,151005,49010],{},[153,151007,151008,151011,151014],{},[156,151009,151010],{},"creates a tuple object",[156,151012,151013],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[156,151015,151016],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,151018,151019,151020,151022,151023,242],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[236,151021,149172],{"href":149171}," or the full guide to ",[236,151024,147868],{"href":147867},[38,151026,181],{"id":180},[20,151028,26582],{},[43,151030,151032],{"className":45,"code":151031,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,151033,151034,151040],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151035,151036,151038],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151037,49036],{"class":1184},[52,151039,8729],{"class":66},[52,151041,151042,151044,151046,151048],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151043,49036],{"class":1184},[52,151045,105],{"class":66},[52,151047,196],{"class":108},[52,151049,112],{"class":66},[20,151051,11548],{},[153,151053,151054,151057],{},[156,151055,151056],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[156,151058,151059,151060],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[153,151061,151062,151064,151066,151068,151070],{},[156,151063,918],{},[156,151065,5398],{},[156,151067,63073],{},[156,151069,5395],{},[156,151071,7333],{},[20,151073,151074],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[38,151076,149545],{"id":149544},[20,151078,29745,151079,151081],{},[15,151080,38139],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[43,151083,151085],{"className":45,"code":151084,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,151086,151087,151097,151101,151111],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151088,151089,151091,151093,151095],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151090,124919],{"class":58},[52,151092,63],{"class":62},[52,151094,149234],{"class":1184},[52,151096,8729],{"class":66},[52,151098,151099],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151100,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,151102,151103,151105,151107,151109],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151104,118],{"class":101},[52,151106,105],{"class":66},[52,151108,124970],{"class":108},[52,151110,112],{"class":66},[52,151112,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,151114,118],{"class":101},[52,151116,105],{"class":66},[52,151118,1827],{"class":1184},[52,151120,105],{"class":66},[52,151122,124970],{"class":108},[52,151124,510],{"class":66},[20,151126,311],{},[43,151128,151129],{"className":45,"code":149590,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151130,151131,151135],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151132,151133],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151134,8729],{"class":66},[52,151136,151137,151139,151141,151143,151145,151147],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151138,3395],{"class":62},[52,151140,3398],{"class":2184},[52,151142,3401],{"class":756},[52,151144,49036],{"class":760},[52,151146,3406],{"class":756},[52,151148,3409],{"class":62},[20,151150,151151],{},"This is equivalent to:",[43,151153,151155],{"className":45,"code":151154,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty = ()\n",[15,151156,151157],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151158,151159,151161,151163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151160,124919],{"class":58},[52,151162,63],{"class":62},[52,151164,149210],{"class":66},[38,151166,151168],{"id":151167},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[461,151170,151172],{"id":151171},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,151174,151175],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[43,151177,151179],{"className":45,"code":151178,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151180,151181,151201,151215,151219],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151182,151183,151185,151187,151189,151191,151193,151195,151197,151199],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151184,59],{"class":58},[52,151186,63],{"class":62},[52,151188,67],{"class":66},[52,151190,430],{"class":70},[52,151192,74],{"class":66},[52,151194,7874],{"class":70},[52,151196,74],{"class":66},[52,151198,7879],{"class":70},[52,151200,90],{"class":66},[52,151202,151203,151205,151207,151209,151211,151213],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151204,2347],{"class":58},[52,151206,63],{"class":62},[52,151208,149234],{"class":1184},[52,151210,105],{"class":66},[52,151212,109],{"class":108},[52,151214,112],{"class":66},[52,151216,151217],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151218,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,151220,151221,151223,151225,151227],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,151222,118],{"class":101},[52,151224,105],{"class":66},[52,151226,2382],{"class":108},[52,151228,112],{"class":66},[20,151230,311],{},[43,151232,151234],{"className":45,"code":151233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,151235,151236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151237,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151239,105],{"class":66},[52,151241,430],{"class":70},[52,151243,74],{"class":66},[52,151245,7874],{"class":70},[52,151247,74],{"class":66},[52,151249,7879],{"class":70},[52,151251,112],{"class":66},[20,151253,151254,151255,242],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[236,151256,105121],{"href":60135},[461,151258,151260],{"id":151259},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,151262,151263],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[43,151265,151267],{"className":45,"code":151266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151268,151269,151281,151295,151299],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151270,151271,151273,151275,151277,151279],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151272,34785],{"class":58},[52,151274,63],{"class":62},[52,151276,768],{"class":756},[52,151278,37141],{"class":760},[52,151280,3465],{"class":756},[52,151282,151283,151285,151287,151289,151291,151293],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151284,2347],{"class":58},[52,151286,63],{"class":62},[52,151288,149234],{"class":1184},[52,151290,105],{"class":66},[52,151292,34806],{"class":108},[52,151294,112],{"class":66},[52,151296,151297],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151298,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,151300,151301,151303,151305,151307],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,151302,118],{"class":101},[52,151304,105],{"class":66},[52,151306,2382],{"class":108},[52,151308,112],{"class":66},[20,151310,311],{},[43,151312,151314],{"className":45,"code":151313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,151315,151316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151317,151318,151320,151322,151324,151326,151328,151330,151332,151334,151336,151338,151340,151342],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151319,105],{"class":66},[52,151321,3406],{"class":756},[52,151323,9825],{"class":760},[52,151325,3406],{"class":756},[52,151327,74],{"class":66},[52,151329,3401],{"class":756},[52,151331,236],{"class":760},[52,151333,3406],{"class":756},[52,151335,74],{"class":66},[52,151337,3401],{"class":756},[52,151339,1414],{"class":760},[52,151341,3406],{"class":756},[52,151343,112],{"class":66},[20,151345,151346,151347,14144,151350,151352,151353,242],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,151348,151349],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3842,151351,4722],{}," create ",[15,151354,151355],{},"('cat',)",[461,151357,151359],{"id":151358},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,151361,151362,151364,151365,151367],{},[15,151363,167],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,151366,38139],{}," collects them all.",[43,151369,151371],{"className":45,"code":151370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151372,151373,151391,151395],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151374,151375,151377,151379,151381,151383,151385,151387,151389],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151376,2347],{"class":58},[52,151378,63],{"class":62},[52,151380,149234],{"class":1184},[52,151382,105],{"class":66},[52,151384,28],{"class":101},[52,151386,105],{"class":66},[52,151388,265],{"class":70},[52,151390,510],{"class":66},[52,151392,151393],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151394,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,151396,151397,151399,151401,151403],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151398,118],{"class":101},[52,151400,105],{"class":66},[52,151402,2382],{"class":108},[52,151404,112],{"class":66},[20,151406,311],{},[43,151408,151410],{"className":45,"code":151409,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,151411,151412],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151413,151414,151416,151418,151420,151422,151424,151426,151428,151430,151432,151434],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151415,105],{"class":66},[52,151417,207],{"class":70},[52,151419,74],{"class":66},[52,151421,5586],{"class":70},[52,151423,74],{"class":66},[52,151425,77],{"class":70},[52,151427,74],{"class":66},[52,151429,82],{"class":70},[52,151431,74],{"class":66},[52,151433,87],{"class":70},[52,151435,112],{"class":66},[461,151437,151439],{"id":151438},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151441,151442],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[43,151444,151446],{"className":45,"code":151445,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151447,151448,151468,151482,151486],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151449,151450,151452,151454,151456,151458,151460,151462,151464,151466],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151451,474],{"class":58},[52,151453,63],{"class":62},[52,151455,10577],{"class":66},[52,151457,71],{"class":70},[52,151459,74],{"class":66},[52,151461,77],{"class":70},[52,151463,74],{"class":66},[52,151465,82],{"class":70},[52,151467,9394],{"class":66},[52,151469,151470,151472,151474,151476,151478,151480],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151471,2347],{"class":58},[52,151473,63],{"class":62},[52,151475,149234],{"class":1184},[52,151477,105],{"class":66},[52,151479,507],{"class":108},[52,151481,112],{"class":66},[52,151483,151484],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151485,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,151487,151488,151490,151492,151494],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,151489,118],{"class":101},[52,151491,105],{"class":66},[52,151493,2382],{"class":108},[52,151495,112],{"class":66},[20,151497,311],{},[43,151499,151500],{"className":45,"code":149447,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151501,151502],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151503,151504,151506,151508,151510,151512,151514,151516],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151505,105],{"class":66},[52,151507,71],{"class":70},[52,151509,74],{"class":66},[52,151511,77],{"class":70},[52,151513,74],{"class":66},[52,151515,82],{"class":70},[52,151517,112],{"class":66},[20,151519,151520,151521,242],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[236,151522,151524],{"href":151523},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[461,151526,151528],{"id":151527},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151530,63615,151531,151533],{},[15,151532,38139],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[43,151535,151537],{"className":45,"code":151536,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151538,151539,151575,151589,151593],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151540,151541,151543,151545,151547,151549,151551,151553,151555,151557,151559,151561,151563,151565,151567,151569,151571,151573],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151542,13294],{"class":58},[52,151544,63],{"class":62},[52,151546,10577],{"class":66},[52,151548,757],{"class":756},[52,151550,7751],{"class":760},[52,151552,757],{"class":756},[52,151554,1772],{"class":66},[52,151556,768],{"class":756},[52,151558,12969],{"class":760},[52,151560,757],{"class":756},[52,151562,74],{"class":66},[52,151564,768],{"class":756},[52,151566,9384],{"class":760},[52,151568,757],{"class":756},[52,151570,1772],{"class":66},[52,151572,9391],{"class":70},[52,151574,9394],{"class":66},[52,151576,151577,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151578,2347],{"class":58},[52,151580,63],{"class":62},[52,151582,149234],{"class":1184},[52,151584,105],{"class":66},[52,151586,17400],{"class":108},[52,151588,112],{"class":66},[52,151590,151591],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151592,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,151594,151595,151597,151599,151601],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,151596,118],{"class":101},[52,151598,105],{"class":66},[52,151600,2382],{"class":108},[52,151602,112],{"class":66},[20,151604,30125],{},[43,151606,151608],{"className":45,"code":151607,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151609,151610],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151611,151612,151614,151616,151618,151620,151622,151624,151626,151628],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151613,105],{"class":66},[52,151615,3406],{"class":756},[52,151617,7751],{"class":760},[52,151619,3406],{"class":756},[52,151621,74],{"class":66},[52,151623,3401],{"class":756},[52,151625,9384],{"class":760},[52,151627,3406],{"class":756},[52,151629,112],{"class":66},[38,151631,151633],{"id":151632},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151635,151636],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151638,151639,151642],{},[15,151640,151641],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[43,151644,151646],{"className":45,"code":151645,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151647,151648,151684,151688,151702],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151649,151650,151652,151654,151656,151658,151660,151662,151664,151666,151668,151670,151672,151674,151676,151678,151680,151682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151651,13294],{"class":58},[52,151653,63],{"class":62},[52,151655,10577],{"class":66},[52,151657,757],{"class":756},[52,151659,7751],{"class":760},[52,151661,757],{"class":756},[52,151663,1772],{"class":66},[52,151665,768],{"class":756},[52,151667,12969],{"class":760},[52,151669,757],{"class":756},[52,151671,74],{"class":66},[52,151673,768],{"class":756},[52,151675,9384],{"class":760},[52,151677,757],{"class":756},[52,151679,1772],{"class":66},[52,151681,9391],{"class":70},[52,151683,9394],{"class":66},[52,151685,151686],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151687,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,151689,151690,151692,151694,151696,151698,151700],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,151691,118],{"class":101},[52,151693,105],{"class":66},[52,151695,49036],{"class":1184},[52,151697,105],{"class":66},[52,151699,17400],{"class":108},[52,151701,510],{"class":66},[52,151703,151704,151706,151708,151710,151712,151714,151716,151718],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,151705,118],{"class":101},[52,151707,105],{"class":66},[52,151709,49036],{"class":1184},[52,151711,105],{"class":66},[52,151713,17400],{"class":108},[52,151715,242],{"class":66},[52,151717,7894],{"class":108},[52,151719,6375],{"class":66},[20,151721,311],{},[43,151723,151725],{"className":45,"code":151724,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151726,151727,151747],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151728,151729,151731,151733,151735,151737,151739,151741,151743,151745],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151730,105],{"class":66},[52,151732,3406],{"class":756},[52,151734,7751],{"class":760},[52,151736,3406],{"class":756},[52,151738,74],{"class":66},[52,151740,3401],{"class":756},[52,151742,9384],{"class":760},[52,151744,3406],{"class":756},[52,151746,112],{"class":66},[52,151748,151749,151751,151753,151755,151757,151759,151761,151763,151765,151767,151769,151771,151773,151775,151777,151779],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151750,5599],{"class":66},[52,151752,3406],{"class":756},[52,151754,7751],{"class":760},[52,151756,3406],{"class":756},[52,151758,74],{"class":66},[52,151760,3401],{"class":756},[52,151762,12969],{"class":760},[52,151764,3406],{"class":756},[52,151766,9318],{"class":66},[52,151768,9321],{"class":66},[52,151770,3406],{"class":756},[52,151772,9384],{"class":760},[52,151774,3406],{"class":756},[52,151776,74],{"class":66},[52,151778,9391],{"class":70},[52,151780,510],{"class":66},[20,151782,18788],{},[153,151784,151785,151790],{},[156,151786,151787,151789],{},[15,151788,151641],{}," for keys",[156,151791,151792,32653],{},[15,151793,151794],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151796,151797,151798,242],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[236,151799,63625],{"href":63624},[38,151801,151803],{"id":151802},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151805,151806,18412],{},[15,151807,38139],{},[153,151809,151810,151813,151816,151819],{},[156,151811,151812],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[156,151814,151815],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[156,151817,151818],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[156,151820,151821],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151823,2324],{},[43,151825,151827],{"className":45,"code":151826,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151828,151829,151848],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151830,151831,151834,151836,151838,151840,151842,151844,151846],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151832,151833],{"class":58},"coordinates ",[52,151835,63],{"class":62},[52,151837,149234],{"class":1184},[52,151839,1058],{"class":66},[52,151841,1595],{"class":70},[52,151843,74],{"class":66},[52,151845,1600],{"class":70},[52,151847,1858],{"class":66},[52,151849,151850,151852,151854,151857],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,151851,118],{"class":101},[52,151853,105],{"class":66},[52,151855,151856],{"class":108},"coordinates",[52,151858,112],{"class":66},[20,151860,311],{},[43,151862,151864],{"className":45,"code":151863,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151865,151866],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151867,151868,151870,151872,151874,151876],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151869,105],{"class":66},[52,151871,1595],{"class":70},[52,151873,74],{"class":66},[52,151875,1600],{"class":70},[52,151877,112],{"class":66},[20,151879,151880],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[153,151882,151883,151885,151888,151891],{},[156,151884,151856],{},[156,151886,151887],{},"RGB colors",[156,151889,151890],{},"dates",[156,151892,151893],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[38,151895,151897],{"id":151896},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151899,44513,151900,10688],{},[15,151901,38139],{},[153,151903,151904,151907,151910],{},[156,151905,151906],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[156,151908,151909],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[156,151911,151912],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151914,116547,151915,151917],{},[3842,151916,4722],{}," work:",[43,151919,151921],{"className":45,"code":151920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151922,151923],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151924,151925,151927,151929,151931],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151926,49036],{"class":1184},[52,151928,105],{"class":66},[52,151930,265],{"class":70},[52,151932,112],{"class":66},[20,151934,151935],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151937,151938],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[38,151940,115385],{"id":115384},[20,151942,151943],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[461,151945,151947],{"id":151946},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151949,739],{},[43,151951,151952],{"className":45,"code":151920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151953,151954],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151955,151956,151958,151960,151962],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151957,49036],{"class":1184},[52,151959,105],{"class":66},[52,151961,265],{"class":70},[52,151963,112],{"class":66},[20,151965,29776],{},[43,151967,151968],{"className":45,"code":63729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,151969,151970],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,151971,151972,151974,151976,151978,151980,151982,151984,151986,151988],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,151973,1979],{"class":1184},[52,151975,1772],{"class":66},[52,151977,3401],{"class":756},[52,151979,1185],{"class":760},[52,151981,3406],{"class":756},[52,151983,241],{"class":1184},[52,151985,8182],{"class":62},[52,151987,8185],{"class":62},[52,151989,63752],{"class":58},[20,151991,151992,151993,242],{},"If you see this, read ",[236,151994,62367],{"href":52681},[461,151996,151998],{"id":151997},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,152000,152001],{},"This code:",[43,152003,152005],{"className":45,"code":152004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,152006,152007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152008,152009,152011,152013,152015,152017,152019],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152010,49036],{"class":1184},[52,152012,105],{"class":66},[52,152014,757],{"class":756},[52,152016,761],{"class":760},[52,152018,757],{"class":756},[52,152020,112],{"class":66},[20,152022,152023],{},"returns:",[43,152025,152027],{"className":45,"code":152026,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,152028,152029],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152030,152031,152033,152035,152037,152039,152041,152043,152045,152047,152049,152051,152053,152055,152057,152059,152061,152063,152065,152067,152069,152071],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152032,105],{"class":66},[52,152034,3406],{"class":756},[52,152036,1423],{"class":760},[52,152038,3406],{"class":756},[52,152040,74],{"class":66},[52,152042,3401],{"class":756},[52,152044,60526],{"class":760},[52,152046,3406],{"class":756},[52,152048,74],{"class":66},[52,152050,3401],{"class":756},[52,152052,60535],{"class":760},[52,152054,3406],{"class":756},[52,152056,74],{"class":66},[52,152058,3401],{"class":756},[52,152060,60535],{"class":760},[52,152062,3406],{"class":756},[52,152064,74],{"class":66},[52,152066,3401],{"class":756},[52,152068,1432],{"class":760},[52,152070,3406],{"class":756},[52,152072,112],{"class":66},[20,152074,40996,152075,152077],{},[3842,152076,4722],{}," return:",[43,152079,152081],{"className":45,"code":152080,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('hello',)\n",[15,152082,152083],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152084,152085,152087,152089,152091,152093],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152086,105],{"class":66},[52,152088,3406],{"class":756},[52,152090,761],{"class":760},[52,152092,3406],{"class":756},[52,152094,149224],{"class":66},[20,152096,152097],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[43,152099,152101],{"className":45,"code":152100,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,152102,152103,152120],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152104,152105,152108,152110,152112,152114,152116,152118],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152106,152107],{"class":58},"single ",[52,152109,63],{"class":62},[52,152111,9321],{"class":66},[52,152113,757],{"class":756},[52,152115,761],{"class":760},[52,152117,757],{"class":756},[52,152119,149224],{"class":66},[52,152121,152122,152124,152126,152129],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,152123,118],{"class":101},[52,152125,105],{"class":66},[52,152127,152128],{"class":108},"single",[52,152130,112],{"class":66},[461,152132,152134],{"id":152133},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,152136,152001],{},[43,152138,152140],{"className":45,"code":152139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,152141,152142,152174],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152143,152144,152146,152148,152150,152152,152154,152156,152158,152160,152162,152164,152166,152168,152170,152172],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152145,9251],{"class":58},[52,152147,63],{"class":62},[52,152149,10577],{"class":66},[52,152151,757],{"class":756},[52,152153,236],{"class":760},[52,152155,757],{"class":756},[52,152157,1772],{"class":66},[52,152159,5586],{"class":70},[52,152161,74],{"class":66},[52,152163,768],{"class":756},[52,152165,4853],{"class":760},[52,152167,757],{"class":756},[52,152169,1772],{"class":66},[52,152171,77],{"class":70},[52,152173,9394],{"class":66},[52,152175,152176,152178,152180,152182,152184,152186],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,152177,118],{"class":101},[52,152179,105],{"class":66},[52,152181,49036],{"class":1184},[52,152183,105],{"class":66},[52,152185,9289],{"class":108},[52,152187,510],{"class":66},[20,152189,152190],{},"returns only the keys:",[43,152192,152194],{"className":45,"code":152193,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,152195,152196],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152197,152198,152200,152202,152204,152206,152208,152210,152212,152214],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152199,105],{"class":66},[52,152201,3406],{"class":756},[52,152203,236],{"class":760},[52,152205,3406],{"class":756},[52,152207,74],{"class":66},[52,152209,3401],{"class":756},[52,152211,4853],{"class":760},[52,152213,3406],{"class":756},[52,152215,112],{"class":66},[20,152217,152218],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[43,152220,152222],{"className":45,"code":152221,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,152223,152224],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152225,152226,152228,152230,152232,152234,152236,152238,152240],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152227,118],{"class":101},[52,152229,105],{"class":66},[52,152231,49036],{"class":1184},[52,152233,105],{"class":66},[52,152235,9289],{"class":108},[52,152237,242],{"class":66},[52,152239,7894],{"class":108},[52,152241,6375],{"class":66},[461,152243,152245],{"id":152244},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,152247,152248,152249,152251],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,152250,38139],{}," conversion.",[20,152253,932],{},[43,152255,152257],{"className":45,"code":152256,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,152258,152259,152279],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152260,152261,152263,152265,152267,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152262,2563],{"class":58},[52,152264,63],{"class":62},[52,152266,9321],{"class":66},[52,152268,71],{"class":70},[52,152270,74],{"class":66},[52,152272,77],{"class":70},[52,152274,74],{"class":66},[52,152276,82],{"class":70},[52,152278,112],{"class":66},[52,152280,152281,152283,152285,152287],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,152282,118],{"class":101},[52,152284,105],{"class":66},[52,152286,2588],{"class":108},[52,152288,112],{"class":66},[20,152290,152291],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,152293,25600,152294,152296],{},[15,152295,38139],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[38,152298,1919],{"id":1918},[461,152300,152302],{"id":152301},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,152304,152305],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[461,152307,152309],{"id":152308},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,152311,152312,152313,242],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,152314,7448],{},[461,152316,152318],{"id":152317},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,152320,152321],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[461,152323,152325],{"id":152324},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,152327,152328],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[461,152330,152332],{"id":152331},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,152334,152335,152336,242],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,152337,1979],{},[38,152339,1986],{"id":1985},[153,152341,152342,152346,152350,152354,152358,152362],{},[156,152343,152344],{},[236,152345,147868],{"href":147867},[156,152347,152348],{},[236,152349,150795],{"href":149171},[156,152351,152352],{},[236,152353,105121],{"href":60135},[156,152355,152356],{},[236,152357,151524],{"href":151523},[156,152359,152360],{},[236,152361,63625],{"href":63624},[156,152363,152364],{},[236,152365,62367],{"href":52681},[2029,152367,152368],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: 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.s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":152370},[152371,152372,152373,152374,152375,152382,152383,152384,152385,152391,152398],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":150998,"depth":93,"text":150999},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":149544,"depth":93,"text":149545},{"id":151167,"depth":93,"text":151168,"children":152376},[152377,152378,152379,152380,152381],{"id":151171,"depth":115,"text":151172},{"id":151259,"depth":115,"text":151260},{"id":151358,"depth":115,"text":151359},{"id":151438,"depth":115,"text":151439},{"id":151527,"depth":115,"text":151528},{"id":151632,"depth":93,"text":151633},{"id":151802,"depth":93,"text":151803},{"id":151896,"depth":93,"text":151897},{"id":115384,"depth":93,"text":115385,"children":152386},[152387,152388,152389,152390],{"id":151946,"depth":115,"text":151947},{"id":151997,"depth":115,"text":151998},{"id":152133,"depth":115,"text":152134},{"id":152244,"depth":115,"text":152245},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":152392},[152393,152394,152395,152396,152397],{"id":152301,"depth":115,"text":152302},{"id":152308,"depth":115,"text":152309},{"id":152317,"depth":115,"text":152318},{"id":152324,"depth":115,"text":152325},{"id":152331,"depth":115,"text":152332},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150853,"description":152399},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":152406,"title":152407,"body":152408,"description":153821,"extension":2083,"meta":153822,"navigation":296,"path":153823,"seo":153824,"stem":153825,"__hash__":153826},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":152409,"toc":153793},[152410,152415,152420,152423,152425,152504,152510,152515,152519,152534,152536,152583,152585,152593,152601,152607,152609,152614,152634,152637,152664,152666,152690,152692,152834,152836,152840,152848,152851,152853,152930,152932,152940,152944,152948,152958,152968,152970,152975,152977,153036,153041,153043,153143,153145,153159,153164,153170,153177,153180,153182,153292,153296,153313,153315,153378,153380,153388,153400,153404,153409,153437,153440,153522,153524,153535,153537,153541,153568,153570,153572,153652,153660,153662,153717,153719,153724,153727,153731,153735,153737,153741,153745,153753,153760,153763,153765,153790],[10,152411,147752,152413,11411],{"id":152412},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,152414,59048],{},[20,152416,152417,152419],{},[15,152418,149073],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,152421,152422],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[38,152424,41],{"id":40},[43,152426,152428],{"className":45,"code":152427,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,152429,152430,152470,152492],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152431,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466,152468],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152433,13165],{"class":58},[52,152435,63],{"class":62},[52,152437,9321],{"class":66},[52,152439,757],{"class":756},[52,152441,13182],{"class":760},[52,152443,757],{"class":756},[52,152445,74],{"class":66},[52,152447,768],{"class":756},[52,152449,13199],{"class":760},[52,152451,757],{"class":756},[52,152453,74],{"class":66},[52,152455,768],{"class":756},[52,152457,17549],{"class":760},[52,152459,757],{"class":756},[52,152461,74],{"class":66},[52,152463,768],{"class":756},[52,152465,13199],{"class":760},[52,152467,757],{"class":756},[52,152469,112],{"class":66},[52,152471,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488,152490],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,152473,64995],{"class":58},[52,152475,63],{"class":62},[52,152477,13213],{"class":58},[52,152479,242],{"class":66},[52,152481,35945],{"class":108},[52,152483,105],{"class":66},[52,152485,757],{"class":756},[52,152487,13199],{"class":760},[52,152489,757],{"class":756},[52,152491,112],{"class":66},[52,152493,152494,152496,152498,152500,152502],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,152495,118],{"class":101},[52,152497,105],{"class":66},[52,152499,65022],{"class":108},[52,152501,126],{"class":66},[52,152503,27874],{"class":129},[20,152505,152506,152509],{},[15,152507,152508],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[38,152511,140,152513,143],{"id":152512},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152514,149073],{},[20,152516,2100,152517,11502],{},[15,152518,59048],{},[153,152520,152521,152524,152526,152529],{},[156,152522,152523],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[156,152525,128537],{},[156,152527,152528],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[156,152530,152531,152532],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152533,207],{},[20,152535,2324],{},[43,152537,152539],{"className":45,"code":152538,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152540,152541,152565],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152542,152543,152545,152547,152549,152551,152553,152555,152557,152559,152561,152563],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152544,59],{"class":58},[52,152546,63],{"class":62},[52,152548,9321],{"class":66},[52,152550,430],{"class":70},[52,152552,74],{"class":66},[52,152554,7874],{"class":70},[52,152556,74],{"class":66},[52,152558,7879],{"class":70},[52,152560,74],{"class":66},[52,152562,7874],{"class":70},[52,152564,112],{"class":66},[52,152566,152567,152569,152571,152573,152575,152577,152579,152581],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,152568,118],{"class":101},[52,152570,105],{"class":66},[52,152572,109],{"class":108},[52,152574,242],{"class":66},[52,152576,35945],{"class":108},[52,152578,105],{"class":66},[52,152580,15846],{"class":70},[52,152582,510],{"class":66},[20,152584,311],{},[43,152586,152587],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152588,152589],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152590,152591],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152592,47001],{"class":70},[20,152594,21072,152595,152597,152598,152600],{},[15,152596,15846],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152599,59048],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152602,151019,152603,242],{},[236,152604,152606],{"href":152605},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[38,152608,181],{"id":180},[20,152610,7846,152611,152613],{},[15,152612,59048],{}," in two ways:",[43,152615,152617],{"className":45,"code":152616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152618,152619],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152620,152621,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152622,152623],{"class":58},"tuple_name",[52,152625,242],{"class":66},[52,152627,35945],{"class":108},[52,152629,105],{"class":66},[52,152631,2588],{"class":108},[52,152633,112],{"class":66},[20,152635,152636],{},"or:",[43,152638,152640],{"className":45,"code":152639,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152641,152642],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152643,152644,152646,152648,152650,152652,152654,152656,152658,152660,152662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152645,152623],{"class":58},[52,152647,242],{"class":66},[52,152649,35945],{"class":108},[52,152651,105],{"class":66},[52,152653,2588],{"class":108},[52,152655,74],{"class":66},[52,152657,202],{"class":108},[52,152659,74],{"class":66},[52,152661,65116],{"class":108},[52,152663,112],{"class":66},[461,152665,17488],{"id":17487},[153,152667,152668,152673,152678,152683],{},[156,152669,152670,152672],{},[15,152671,2588],{}," — the item to search for",[156,152674,152675,152677],{},[15,152676,35],{}," — optional starting position",[156,152679,152680,152682],{},[15,152681,52742],{}," — optional ending position",[156,152684,152685,4876,152687,152689],{},[15,152686,52742],{},[3842,152688,65145],{}," in the search",[20,152691,2324],{},[43,152693,152695],{"className":45,"code":152694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152696,152697,152745,152749,152774,152802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152698,152699,152701,152703,152705,152707,152709,152711,152713,152715,152717,152719,152721,152723,152725,152727,152729,152731,152733,152735,152737,152739,152741,152743],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152700,1387],{"class":58},[52,152702,63],{"class":62},[52,152704,9321],{"class":66},[52,152706,757],{"class":756},[52,152708,236],{"class":760},[52,152710,757],{"class":756},[52,152712,74],{"class":66},[52,152714,768],{"class":756},[52,152716,4853],{"class":760},[52,152718,757],{"class":756},[52,152720,74],{"class":66},[52,152722,768],{"class":756},[52,152724,9825],{"class":760},[52,152726,757],{"class":756},[52,152728,74],{"class":66},[52,152730,768],{"class":756},[52,152732,4853],{"class":760},[52,152734,757],{"class":756},[52,152736,74],{"class":66},[52,152738,768],{"class":756},[52,152740,18861],{"class":760},[52,152742,757],{"class":756},[52,152744,112],{"class":66},[52,152746,152747],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,152748,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,152750,152751,152753,152755,152757,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,152752,118],{"class":101},[52,152754,105],{"class":66},[52,152756,1458],{"class":108},[52,152758,242],{"class":66},[52,152760,35945],{"class":108},[52,152762,105],{"class":66},[52,152764,757],{"class":756},[52,152766,4853],{"class":760},[52,152768,757],{"class":756},[52,152770,5450],{"class":66},[52,152772,152773],{"class":129},"        # 1\n",[52,152775,152776,152778,152780,152782,152784,152786,152788,152790,152792,152794,152796,152798,152800],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,152777,118],{"class":101},[52,152779,105],{"class":66},[52,152781,1458],{"class":108},[52,152783,242],{"class":66},[52,152785,35945],{"class":108},[52,152787,105],{"class":66},[52,152789,757],{"class":756},[52,152791,4853],{"class":760},[52,152793,757],{"class":756},[52,152795,74],{"class":66},[52,152797,77],{"class":70},[52,152799,5450],{"class":66},[52,152801,51002],{"class":129},[52,152803,152804,152806,152808,152810,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,152805,118],{"class":101},[52,152807,105],{"class":66},[52,152809,1458],{"class":108},[52,152811,242],{"class":66},[52,152813,35945],{"class":108},[52,152815,105],{"class":66},[52,152817,757],{"class":756},[52,152819,4853],{"class":760},[52,152821,757],{"class":756},[52,152823,74],{"class":66},[52,152825,5586],{"class":70},[52,152827,74],{"class":66},[52,152829,82],{"class":70},[52,152831,5450],{"class":66},[52,152833,27874],{"class":129},[38,152835,103448],{"id":103447},[20,152837,152838,25603],{},[15,152839,149073],{},[153,152841,152842,152845],{},[156,152843,152844],{},"An integer",[156,152846,152847],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152849,152850],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152852,2324],{},[43,152854,152856],{"className":45,"code":152855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152857,152858,152898,152920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152859,152860,152862,152864,152866,152868,152870,152872,152874,152876,152878,152880,152882,152884,152886,152888,152890,152892,152894,152896],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152861,108547],{"class":58},[52,152863,63],{"class":62},[52,152865,9321],{"class":66},[52,152867,757],{"class":756},[52,152869,37141],{"class":760},[52,152871,757],{"class":756},[52,152873,74],{"class":66},[52,152875,768],{"class":756},[52,152877,58207],{"class":760},[52,152879,757],{"class":756},[52,152881,74],{"class":66},[52,152883,768],{"class":756},[52,152885,58224],{"class":760},[52,152887,757],{"class":756},[52,152889,74],{"class":66},[52,152891,768],{"class":756},[52,152893,58207],{"class":760},[52,152895,757],{"class":756},[52,152897,112],{"class":66},[52,152899,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916,152918],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,152901,2347],{"class":58},[52,152903,63],{"class":62},[52,152905,108590],{"class":58},[52,152907,242],{"class":66},[52,152909,35945],{"class":108},[52,152911,105],{"class":66},[52,152913,757],{"class":756},[52,152915,58207],{"class":760},[52,152917,757],{"class":756},[52,152919,112],{"class":66},[52,152921,152922,152924,152926,152928],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,152923,118],{"class":101},[52,152925,105],{"class":66},[52,152927,2382],{"class":108},[52,152929,112],{"class":66},[20,152931,311],{},[43,152933,152934],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,152935,152936],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152937,152938],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152939,47001],{"class":70},[38,152941,152943],{"id":152942},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152945,133,152946,10688],{},[15,152947,149073],{},[153,152949,152950,152952,152955],{},[156,152951,66173],{},[156,152953,152954],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[156,152956,152957],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152959,152960,152961,152964,152965,242],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152962,152963],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[236,152966,149541],{"href":152967},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[38,152969,65706],{"id":65705},[20,152971,152972,152973,242],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152974,40794],{},[20,152976,2324],{},[43,152978,152980],{"className":45,"code":152979,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152981,152982,153014],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,152983,152984,152986,152988,152990,152992,152994,152996,152998,153000,153002,153004,153006,153008,153010,153012],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,152985,13165],{"class":58},[52,152987,63],{"class":62},[52,152989,9321],{"class":66},[52,152991,757],{"class":756},[52,152993,13182],{"class":760},[52,152995,757],{"class":756},[52,152997,74],{"class":66},[52,152999,768],{"class":756},[52,153001,13199],{"class":760},[52,153003,757],{"class":756},[52,153005,74],{"class":66},[52,153007,768],{"class":756},[52,153009,17549],{"class":760},[52,153011,757],{"class":756},[52,153013,112],{"class":66},[52,153015,153016,153018,153020,153022,153024,153026,153028,153030,153032,153034],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,153017,118],{"class":101},[52,153019,105],{"class":66},[52,153021,17596],{"class":108},[52,153023,242],{"class":66},[52,153025,35945],{"class":108},[52,153027,105],{"class":66},[52,153029,757],{"class":756},[52,153031,22619],{"class":760},[52,153033,757],{"class":756},[52,153035,510],{"class":66},[20,153037,39746,153038,153040],{},[15,153039,109872],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,153042,65781],{},[43,153044,153046],{"className":45,"code":153045,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153047,153048,153080,153084,153100,153122,153128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153049,153050,153052,153054,153056,153058,153060,153062,153064,153066,153068,153070,153072,153074,153076,153078],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153051,13165],{"class":58},[52,153053,63],{"class":62},[52,153055,9321],{"class":66},[52,153057,757],{"class":756},[52,153059,13182],{"class":760},[52,153061,757],{"class":756},[52,153063,74],{"class":66},[52,153065,768],{"class":756},[52,153067,13199],{"class":760},[52,153069,757],{"class":756},[52,153071,74],{"class":66},[52,153073,768],{"class":756},[52,153075,17549],{"class":760},[52,153077,757],{"class":756},[52,153079,112],{"class":66},[52,153081,153082],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,153083,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,153085,153086,153088,153090,153092,153094,153096,153098],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153087,7079],{"class":1195},[52,153089,768],{"class":756},[52,153091,22619],{"class":760},[52,153093,757],{"class":756},[52,153095,21268],{"class":62},[52,153097,13213],{"class":58},[52,153099,1689],{"class":66},[52,153101,153102,153104,153106,153108,153110,153112,153114,153116,153118,153120],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,153103,8154],{"class":101},[52,153105,105],{"class":66},[52,153107,17596],{"class":108},[52,153109,242],{"class":66},[52,153111,35945],{"class":108},[52,153113,105],{"class":66},[52,153115,757],{"class":756},[52,153117,22619],{"class":760},[52,153119,757],{"class":756},[52,153121,510],{"class":66},[52,153123,153124,153126],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,153125,27528],{"class":1195},[52,153127,1689],{"class":66},[52,153129,153130,153132,153134,153136,153139,153141],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,153131,8154],{"class":101},[52,153133,105],{"class":66},[52,153135,757],{"class":756},[52,153137,153138],{"class":760},"Value not found",[52,153140,757],{"class":756},[52,153142,112],{"class":66},[20,153144,311],{},[43,153146,153148],{"className":45,"code":153147,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Value not found\n",[15,153149,153150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153151,153152,153155,153157],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153153,153154],{"class":58},"Value ",[52,153156,4722],{"class":62},[52,153158,65905],{"class":58},[20,153160,153161,153162,242],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[236,153163,65915],{"href":65914},[38,153165,1372,153166,652,153168],{"id":65482},[15,153167,35],{},[15,153169,52742],{},[20,153171,2100,153172,652,153174,153176],{},[15,153173,35],{},[15,153175,52742],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,153178,153179],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,153181,2324],{},[43,153183,153185],{"className":45,"code":153184,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,153186,153187,153215,153219,153240,153264],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153188,153189,153191,153193,153195,153197,153199,153201,153203,153205,153207,153209,153211,153213],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153190,474],{"class":58},[52,153192,63],{"class":62},[52,153194,9321],{"class":66},[52,153196,265],{"class":70},[52,153198,74],{"class":66},[52,153200,270],{"class":70},[52,153202,74],{"class":66},[52,153204,4696],{"class":70},[52,153206,74],{"class":66},[52,153208,7874],{"class":70},[52,153210,74],{"class":66},[52,153212,4696],{"class":70},[52,153214,112],{"class":66},[52,153216,153217],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,153218,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,153220,153221,153223,153225,153227,153229,153231,153233,153235,153237],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153222,118],{"class":101},[52,153224,105],{"class":66},[52,153226,507],{"class":108},[52,153228,242],{"class":66},[52,153230,35945],{"class":108},[52,153232,105],{"class":66},[52,153234,265],{"class":70},[52,153236,5450],{"class":66},[52,153238,153239],{"class":129},"        # 0\n",[52,153241,153242,153244,153246,153248,153250,153252,153254,153256,153258,153260,153262],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,153243,118],{"class":101},[52,153245,105],{"class":66},[52,153247,507],{"class":108},[52,153249,242],{"class":66},[52,153251,35945],{"class":108},[52,153253,105],{"class":66},[52,153255,265],{"class":70},[52,153257,74],{"class":66},[52,153259,5586],{"class":70},[52,153261,5450],{"class":66},[52,153263,51036],{"class":129},[52,153265,153266,153268,153270,153272,153274,153276,153278,153280,153282,153284,153286,153288,153290],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,153267,118],{"class":101},[52,153269,105],{"class":66},[52,153271,507],{"class":108},[52,153273,242],{"class":66},[52,153275,35945],{"class":108},[52,153277,105],{"class":66},[52,153279,265],{"class":70},[52,153281,74],{"class":66},[52,153283,82],{"class":70},[52,153285,74],{"class":66},[52,153287,4696],{"class":70},[52,153289,5450],{"class":66},[52,153291,51019],{"class":129},[461,153293,153295],{"id":153294},"how-it-works","How it works",[153,153297,153298,153303,153308],{},[156,153299,153300,153302],{},[15,153301,35],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[156,153304,153305,153307],{},[15,153306,52742],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[156,153309,2100,153310,153312],{},[15,153311,52742],{}," position itself is not included",[20,153314,2324],{},[43,153316,153318],{"className":45,"code":153317,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,153319,153320,153348,153352],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153321,153322,153324,153326,153328,153330,153332,153334,153336,153338,153340,153342,153344,153346],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153323,474],{"class":58},[52,153325,63],{"class":62},[52,153327,9321],{"class":66},[52,153329,265],{"class":70},[52,153331,74],{"class":66},[52,153333,270],{"class":70},[52,153335,74],{"class":66},[52,153337,4696],{"class":70},[52,153339,74],{"class":66},[52,153341,7874],{"class":70},[52,153343,74],{"class":66},[52,153345,4696],{"class":70},[52,153347,112],{"class":66},[52,153349,153350],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,153351,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,153353,153354,153356,153358,153360,153362,153364,153366,153368,153370,153372,153374,153376],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153355,118],{"class":101},[52,153357,105],{"class":66},[52,153359,507],{"class":108},[52,153361,242],{"class":66},[52,153363,35945],{"class":108},[52,153365,105],{"class":66},[52,153367,265],{"class":70},[52,153369,74],{"class":66},[52,153371,5586],{"class":70},[52,153373,74],{"class":66},[52,153375,87],{"class":70},[52,153377,510],{"class":66},[20,153379,311],{},[43,153381,153382],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,153383,153384],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153385,153386],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153387,17149],{"class":70},[20,153389,153390,153391,2305,153393,17165,153395,153397,153398,242],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,153392,71],{},[15,153394,440],{},[15,153396,445],{},", but not ",[15,153399,1595],{},[38,153401,153403],{"id":153402},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,153405,153406,153407,1772],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,153408,149073],{},[153,153410,153411,153419,153424,153431],{},[156,153412,153413,153414,153416,153417],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3842,153415,2588],{}," with the ",[3842,153418,35945],{},[156,153420,153421,153422],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,153423,207],{},[156,153425,133,153426,153430],{},[236,153427,149099,153428,10828],{"href":149151},[15,153429,57370],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[156,153432,153433,153434,153436],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153435,152963],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153438,153439],{},"Example of value vs index:",[43,153441,153443],{"className":45,"code":153442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153444,153445,153477,153481,153505],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153446,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463,153465,153467,153469,153471,153473,153475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153448,36333],{"class":58},[52,153450,63],{"class":62},[52,153452,9321],{"class":66},[52,153454,757],{"class":756},[52,153456,4171],{"class":760},[52,153458,757],{"class":756},[52,153460,74],{"class":66},[52,153462,768],{"class":756},[52,153464,4180],{"class":760},[52,153466,757],{"class":756},[52,153468,74],{"class":66},[52,153470,768],{"class":756},[52,153472,33317],{"class":760},[52,153474,757],{"class":756},[52,153476,112],{"class":66},[52,153478,153479],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,153480,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,153482,153483,153485,153487,153489,153491,153493,153495,153497,153499,153501,153503],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153484,118],{"class":101},[52,153486,105],{"class":66},[52,153488,36385],{"class":108},[52,153490,242],{"class":66},[52,153492,35945],{"class":108},[52,153494,105],{"class":66},[52,153496,757],{"class":756},[52,153498,4180],{"class":760},[52,153500,757],{"class":756},[52,153502,5450],{"class":66},[52,153504,27874],{"class":129},[52,153506,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,153508,118],{"class":101},[52,153510,105],{"class":66},[52,153512,36385],{"class":108},[52,153514,3994],{"class":66},[52,153516,71],{"class":70},[52,153518,20540],{"class":66},[52,153520,153521],{"class":129},"               # banana\n",[20,153523,2295],{},[153,153525,153526,153530],{},[156,153527,153528,15338],{},[15,153529,65350],{},[156,153531,153532,153534],{},[15,153533,71],{}," is the index",[38,153536,1766],{"id":1765},[20,153538,106186,153539,1772],{},[15,153540,149073],{},[153,153542,153543,153546,153551,153556,153563],{},[156,153544,153545],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[156,153547,8538,153548,153550],{},[15,153549,59048],{}," to return all matching positions",[156,153552,153553,153554],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153555,207],{},[156,153557,153558,153559,652,153561],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153560,35],{},[15,153562,52742],{},[156,153564,37298,153565,153567],{},[15,153566,149073],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[461,153569,60786],{"id":60785},[20,153571,94448],{},[43,153573,153575],{"className":45,"code":153574,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153576,153577,153587,153601,153616,153634],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153578,153579,153581,153583,153585],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153580,118],{"class":101},[52,153582,105],{"class":66},[52,153584,147886],{"class":108},[52,153586,112],{"class":66},[52,153588,153589,153591,153593,153595,153597,153599],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,153590,118],{"class":101},[52,153592,105],{"class":66},[52,153594,11250],{"class":101},[52,153596,105],{"class":66},[52,153598,147886],{"class":108},[52,153600,510],{"class":66},[52,153602,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153614],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153604,118],{"class":101},[52,153606,105],{"class":66},[52,153608,2563],{"class":108},[52,153610,1202],{"class":1195},[52,153612,153613],{"class":108}," my_tuple",[52,153615,112],{"class":66},[52,153617,153618,153620,153622,153624,153626,153628,153630,153632],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,153619,118],{"class":101},[52,153621,105],{"class":66},[52,153623,147886],{"class":108},[52,153625,242],{"class":66},[52,153627,41347],{"class":108},[52,153629,105],{"class":66},[52,153631,2588],{"class":108},[52,153633,510],{"class":66},[52,153635,153636,153638,153640,153642,153644,153646,153648,153650],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,153637,118],{"class":101},[52,153639,105],{"class":66},[52,153641,147886],{"class":108},[52,153643,242],{"class":66},[52,153645,35945],{"class":108},[52,153647,105],{"class":66},[52,153649,2588],{"class":108},[52,153651,510],{"class":66},[20,153653,153654,153655,84468,153657,153659],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153656,40794],{},[15,153658,2588],{}," is missing.",[20,153661,129690],{},[43,153663,153665],{"className":45,"code":153664,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153666,153667,153679,153697,153703],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153668,153669,153671,153673,153675,153677],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153670,7079],{"class":1195},[52,153672,21679],{"class":58},[52,153674,1202],{"class":62},[52,153676,153613],{"class":58},[52,153678,1689],{"class":66},[52,153680,153681,153683,153685,153687,153689,153691,153693,153695],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,153682,8154],{"class":101},[52,153684,105],{"class":66},[52,153686,147886],{"class":108},[52,153688,242],{"class":66},[52,153690,35945],{"class":108},[52,153692,105],{"class":66},[52,153694,2588],{"class":108},[52,153696,510],{"class":66},[52,153698,153699,153701],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153700,27528],{"class":1195},[52,153702,1689],{"class":66},[52,153704,153705,153707,153709,153711,153713,153715],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,153706,8154],{"class":101},[52,153708,105],{"class":66},[52,153710,757],{"class":756},[52,153712,153138],{"class":760},[52,153714,757],{"class":756},[52,153716,112],{"class":66},[38,153718,1919],{"id":1918},[461,153720,1923,153722,12804],{"id":153721},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153723,149073],{},[20,153725,153726],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[461,153728,153730],{"id":153729},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153732,153733,152600],{},[15,153734,149073],{},[461,153736,149052],{"id":149051},[20,153738,76931,153739,242],{},[15,153740,40794],{},[461,153742,153744],{"id":153743},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153746,153747,153748,652,153750,153752],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153749,35],{},[15,153751,52742],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[461,153754,14994,153756,57285,153758,1963],{"id":153755},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153757,149073],{},[15,153759,64941],{},[20,153761,153762],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[38,153764,1986],{"id":1985},[153,153766,153767,153773,153777,153782,153786],{},[156,153768,153769],{},[236,153770,149099,153771,10828],{"href":149151},[15,153772,57370],{},[156,153774,153775],{},[236,153776,149541],{"href":152967},[156,153778,153779],{},[236,153780,153781],{"href":150847},"Creating a tuple in Python",[156,153783,153784],{},[236,153785,65915],{"href":65914},[156,153787,153788],{},[236,153789,150795],{"href":152605},[2029,153791,153792],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki 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does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181,"children":153799},[153800],{"id":17487,"depth":115,"text":17488},{"id":103447,"depth":93,"text":103448},{"id":152942,"depth":93,"text":152943},{"id":65705,"depth":93,"text":65706},{"id":65482,"depth":93,"text":66264,"children":153805},[153806],{"id":153294,"depth":115,"text":153295},{"id":153402,"depth":93,"text":153403},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766,"children":153809},[153810],{"id":60785,"depth":115,"text":60786},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":153812},[153813,153815,153816,153817,153818],{"id":153721,"depth":115,"text":153814},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153729,"depth":115,"text":153730},{"id":149051,"depth":115,"text":149052},{"id":153743,"depth":115,"text":153744},{"id":153755,"depth":115,"text":153819},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":152407,"description":153821},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153828,"title":153829,"body":153830,"description":155225,"extension":2083,"meta":155226,"navigation":296,"path":152967,"seo":155227,"stem":155228,"__hash__":155229},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153831,"toc":155207},[153832,153835,153838,153841,153855,153857,153860,153954,153964,153970,153974,153977,153980,153982,154000,154002,154073,154075,154092,154096,154100,154103,154120,154123,154138,154140,154231,154234,154238,154241,154258,154260,154355,154358,154361,154365,154368,154462,154464,154483,154486,154490,154493,154495,154550,154552,154587,154590,154604,154612,154705,154714,154718,154721,154728,154731,154778,154780,154788,154791,154842,154844,154861,154866,154870,154873,154876,154878,154929,154932,154987,154990,154993,154995,154998,155018,155020,155093,155096,155109,155111,155115,155120,155124,155129,155146,155150,155153,155170,155174,155177,155179,155204],[10,153833,153829],{"id":153834},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153836,153837],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153839,153840],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[153,153842,153843,153846,153849,153852],{},[156,153844,153845],{},"positive indexes",[156,153847,153848],{},"negative indexes",[156,153850,153851],{},"common indexing mistakes",[156,153853,153854],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[38,153856,3712],{"id":3711},[20,153858,153859],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[43,153861,153863],{"className":45,"code":153862,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153864,153865,153897,153901,153918,153935],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,153866,153867,153869,153871,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887,153889,153891,153893,153895],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,153868,13165],{"class":58},[52,153870,63],{"class":62},[52,153872,9321],{"class":66},[52,153874,757],{"class":756},[52,153876,13182],{"class":760},[52,153878,757],{"class":756},[52,153880,74],{"class":66},[52,153882,768],{"class":756},[52,153884,17549],{"class":760},[52,153886,757],{"class":756},[52,153888,74],{"class":66},[52,153890,768],{"class":756},[52,153892,13199],{"class":760},[52,153894,757],{"class":756},[52,153896,112],{"class":66},[52,153898,153899],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,153900,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,153902,153903,153905,153907,153909,153911,153913,153915],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,153904,118],{"class":101},[52,153906,105],{"class":66},[52,153908,17596],{"class":108},[52,153910,3994],{"class":66},[52,153912,207],{"class":70},[52,153914,20540],{"class":66},[52,153916,153917],{"class":129},"   # red\n",[52,153919,153920,153922,153924,153926,153928,153930,153932],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,153921,118],{"class":101},[52,153923,105],{"class":66},[52,153925,17596],{"class":108},[52,153927,3994],{"class":66},[52,153929,71],{"class":70},[52,153931,20540],{"class":66},[52,153933,153934],{"class":129},"   # green\n",[52,153936,153937,153939,153941,153943,153945,153947,153949,153951],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,153938,118],{"class":101},[52,153940,105],{"class":66},[52,153942,17596],{"class":108},[52,153944,3994],{"class":66},[52,153946,2142],{"class":62},[52,153948,71],{"class":70},[52,153950,20540],{"class":66},[52,153952,153953],{"class":129},"  # blue\n",[153,153955,153956,153961],{},[156,153957,132479,153958,153960],{},[15,153959,207],{}," is the first item.",[156,153962,153963],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153965,153966,153967,242],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[236,153968,153969],{"href":147871},"how to create a tuple in Python",[38,153971,153973],{"id":153972},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153975,153976],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153978,153979],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153981,11548],{},[153,153983,153984,153987,153994,153997],{},[156,153985,153986],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[156,153988,153989,153990,19057,153992],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153991,207],{},[15,153993,71],{},[156,153995,153996],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[156,153998,153999],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,154001,2324],{},[43,154003,154005],{"className":45,"code":154004,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,154006,154007,154027,154031,154045,154059],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154008,154009,154011,154013,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154010,59],{"class":58},[52,154012,63],{"class":62},[52,154014,9321],{"class":66},[52,154016,430],{"class":70},[52,154018,74],{"class":66},[52,154020,7874],{"class":70},[52,154022,74],{"class":66},[52,154024,7879],{"class":70},[52,154026,112],{"class":66},[52,154028,154029],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154030,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154032,154033,154035,154037,154039,154041,154043],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154034,118],{"class":101},[52,154036,105],{"class":66},[52,154038,109],{"class":108},[52,154040,3994],{"class":66},[52,154042,207],{"class":70},[52,154044,1858],{"class":66},[52,154046,154047,154049,154051,154053,154055,154057],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,154048,118],{"class":101},[52,154050,105],{"class":66},[52,154052,109],{"class":108},[52,154054,3994],{"class":66},[52,154056,71],{"class":70},[52,154058,1858],{"class":66},[52,154060,154061,154063,154065,154067,154069,154071],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,154062,118],{"class":101},[52,154064,105],{"class":66},[52,154066,109],{"class":108},[52,154068,3994],{"class":66},[52,154070,440],{"class":70},[52,154072,1858],{"class":66},[20,154074,311],{},[43,154076,154078],{"className":45,"code":154077,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,154079,154080,154084,154088],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154081,154082],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154083,515],{"class":70},[52,154085,154086],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154087,71298],{"class":70},[52,154089,154090],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154091,314],{"class":70},[20,154093,59473,154094,242],{},[236,154095,147868],{"href":147867},[38,154097,154099],{"id":154098},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,154101,154102],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[153,154104,154105,154110,154115],{},[156,154106,154107,154109],{},[15,154108,207],{}," = first item",[156,154111,154112,154114],{},[15,154113,71],{}," = second item",[156,154116,154117,154119],{},[15,154118,440],{}," = third item",[20,154121,154122],{},"Pattern:",[43,154124,154126],{"className":45,"code":154125,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,154127,154128],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154129,154130,154132,154134,154136],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154131,152623],{"class":58},[52,154133,3994],{"class":66},[52,154135,35945],{"class":58},[52,154137,90],{"class":66},[20,154139,2324],{},[43,154141,154143],{"className":45,"code":154142,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,154144,154145,154177,154181,154198,154214],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154146,154147,154149,154151,154153,154155,154157,154159,154161,154163,154165,154167,154169,154171,154173,154175],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154148,36333],{"class":58},[52,154150,63],{"class":62},[52,154152,9321],{"class":66},[52,154154,757],{"class":756},[52,154156,4171],{"class":760},[52,154158,757],{"class":756},[52,154160,74],{"class":66},[52,154162,768],{"class":756},[52,154164,4180],{"class":760},[52,154166,757],{"class":756},[52,154168,74],{"class":66},[52,154170,768],{"class":756},[52,154172,4189],{"class":760},[52,154174,757],{"class":756},[52,154176,112],{"class":66},[52,154178,154179],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154180,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154182,154183,154185,154187,154189,154191,154193,154195],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154184,118],{"class":101},[52,154186,105],{"class":66},[52,154188,36385],{"class":108},[52,154190,3994],{"class":66},[52,154192,207],{"class":70},[52,154194,20540],{"class":66},[52,154196,154197],{"class":129},"  # apple\n",[52,154199,154200,154202,154204,154206,154208,154210,154212],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,154201,118],{"class":101},[52,154203,105],{"class":66},[52,154205,36385],{"class":108},[52,154207,3994],{"class":66},[52,154209,71],{"class":70},[52,154211,20540],{"class":66},[52,154213,51570],{"class":129},[52,154215,154216,154218,154220,154222,154224,154226,154228],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,154217,118],{"class":101},[52,154219,105],{"class":66},[52,154221,36385],{"class":108},[52,154223,3994],{"class":66},[52,154225,440],{"class":70},[52,154227,20540],{"class":66},[52,154229,154230],{"class":129},"  # cherry\n",[20,154232,154233],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[38,154235,154237],{"id":154236},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,154239,154240],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[153,154242,154243,154248,154253],{},[156,154244,154245,154247],{},[15,154246,65930],{}," = last item",[156,154249,154250,154252],{},[15,154251,95478],{}," = second-to-last item",[156,154254,154255,154257],{},[15,154256,47754],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,154259,2324],{},[43,154261,154263],{"className":45,"code":154262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,154264,154265,154297,154301,154319,154337],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154266,154267,154269,154271,154273,154275,154277,154279,154281,154283,154285,154287,154289,154291,154293,154295],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154268,36333],{"class":58},[52,154270,63],{"class":62},[52,154272,9321],{"class":66},[52,154274,757],{"class":756},[52,154276,4171],{"class":760},[52,154278,757],{"class":756},[52,154280,74],{"class":66},[52,154282,768],{"class":756},[52,154284,4180],{"class":760},[52,154286,757],{"class":756},[52,154288,74],{"class":66},[52,154290,768],{"class":756},[52,154292,4189],{"class":760},[52,154294,757],{"class":756},[52,154296,112],{"class":66},[52,154298,154299],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154300,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154302,154303,154305,154307,154309,154311,154313,154315,154317],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154304,118],{"class":101},[52,154306,105],{"class":66},[52,154308,36385],{"class":108},[52,154310,3994],{"class":66},[52,154312,2142],{"class":62},[52,154314,71],{"class":70},[52,154316,20540],{"class":66},[52,154318,154230],{"class":129},[52,154320,154321,154323,154325,154327,154329,154331,154333,154335],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,154322,118],{"class":101},[52,154324,105],{"class":66},[52,154326,36385],{"class":108},[52,154328,3994],{"class":66},[52,154330,2142],{"class":62},[52,154332,440],{"class":70},[52,154334,20540],{"class":66},[52,154336,51570],{"class":129},[52,154338,154339,154341,154343,154345,154347,154349,154351,154353],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,154340,118],{"class":101},[52,154342,105],{"class":66},[52,154344,36385],{"class":108},[52,154346,3994],{"class":66},[52,154348,2142],{"class":62},[52,154350,445],{"class":70},[52,154352,20540],{"class":66},[52,154354,154197],{"class":129},[20,154356,154357],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,154359,154360],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[38,154362,154364],{"id":154363},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,154366,154367],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[43,154369,154371],{"className":45,"code":154370,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,154372,154373,154405,154409,154426,154443],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154374,154375,154377,154379,154381,154383,154385,154387,154389,154391,154393,154395,154397,154399,154401,154403],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154376,5088],{"class":58},[52,154378,63],{"class":62},[52,154380,9321],{"class":66},[52,154382,757],{"class":756},[52,154384,12969],{"class":760},[52,154386,757],{"class":756},[52,154388,74],{"class":66},[52,154390,768],{"class":756},[52,154392,36040],{"class":760},[52,154394,757],{"class":756},[52,154396,74],{"class":66},[52,154398,768],{"class":756},[52,154400,36049],{"class":760},[52,154402,757],{"class":756},[52,154404,112],{"class":66},[52,154406,154407],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154408,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154410,154411,154413,154415,154417,154419,154421,154423],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154412,118],{"class":101},[52,154414,105],{"class":66},[52,154416,5132],{"class":108},[52,154418,3994],{"class":66},[52,154420,207],{"class":70},[52,154422,20540],{"class":66},[52,154424,154425],{"class":129},"   # first item\n",[52,154427,154428,154430,154432,154434,154436,154438,154440],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,154429,118],{"class":101},[52,154431,105],{"class":66},[52,154433,5132],{"class":108},[52,154435,3994],{"class":66},[52,154437,71],{"class":70},[52,154439,20540],{"class":66},[52,154441,154442],{"class":129},"   # middle item\n",[52,154444,154445,154447,154449,154451,154453,154455,154457,154459],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,154446,118],{"class":101},[52,154448,105],{"class":66},[52,154450,5132],{"class":108},[52,154452,3994],{"class":66},[52,154454,2142],{"class":62},[52,154456,71],{"class":70},[52,154458,20540],{"class":66},[52,154460,154461],{"class":129},"  # last item\n",[20,154463,311],{},[43,154465,154467],{"className":45,"code":154466,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154468,154469,154473,154478],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154470,154471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154472,50123],{"class":58},[52,154474,154475],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154476,154477],{"class":58},"Ben\n",[52,154479,154480],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154481,154482],{"class":58},"Cara\n",[20,154484,154485],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[38,154487,154489],{"id":154488},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154491,154492],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154494,2324],{},[43,154496,154498],{"className":45,"code":154497,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154499,154500,154532,154536],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154501,154502,154504,154506,154508,154510,154512,154514,154516,154518,154520,154522,154524,154526,154528,154530],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154503,1387],{"class":58},[52,154505,63],{"class":62},[52,154507,9321],{"class":66},[52,154509,757],{"class":756},[52,154511,236],{"class":760},[52,154513,757],{"class":756},[52,154515,74],{"class":66},[52,154517,768],{"class":756},[52,154519,4853],{"class":760},[52,154521,757],{"class":756},[52,154523,74],{"class":66},[52,154525,768],{"class":756},[52,154527,9825],{"class":760},[52,154529,757],{"class":756},[52,154531,112],{"class":66},[52,154533,154534],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154535,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154537,154538,154540,154542,154544,154546,154548],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154539,118],{"class":101},[52,154541,105],{"class":66},[52,154543,1458],{"class":108},[52,154545,3994],{"class":66},[52,154547,265],{"class":70},[52,154549,1858],{"class":66},[20,154551,311],{},[43,154553,154555],{"className":45,"code":154554,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154556,154557,154569,154574],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154558,154559,154562,154564,154567],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154560,154561],{"class":108},"Traceback ",[52,154563,105],{"class":66},[52,154565,154566],{"class":108},"most recent call last",[52,154568,8428],{"class":66},[52,154570,154571],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154572,154573],{"class":34550},"  ...\n",[52,154575,154576,154578,154580,154582,154585],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154577,70805],{"class":1184},[52,154579,1772],{"class":66},[52,154581,149234],{"class":1184},[52,154583,154584],{"class":58}," index out of ",[52,154586,70997],{"class":101},[20,154588,154589],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[153,154591,154592,154596,154600],{},[156,154593,154594],{},[15,154595,207],{},[156,154597,154598],{},[15,154599,71],{},[156,154601,154602],{},[15,154603,440],{},[20,154605,154606,154607,242],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[236,154608,154609,154611],{"href":149106},[15,154610,2007],{}," on a tuple",[43,154613,154615],{"className":45,"code":154614,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154616,154617,154649,154653,154669,154673,154691],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154618,154619,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631,154633,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154620,1387],{"class":58},[52,154622,63],{"class":62},[52,154624,9321],{"class":66},[52,154626,757],{"class":756},[52,154628,236],{"class":760},[52,154630,757],{"class":756},[52,154632,74],{"class":66},[52,154634,768],{"class":756},[52,154636,4853],{"class":760},[52,154638,757],{"class":756},[52,154640,74],{"class":66},[52,154642,768],{"class":756},[52,154644,9825],{"class":760},[52,154646,757],{"class":756},[52,154648,112],{"class":66},[52,154650,154651],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154652,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154654,154655,154657,154659,154661,154663,154665,154667],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154656,118],{"class":101},[52,154658,105],{"class":66},[52,154660,11250],{"class":101},[52,154662,105],{"class":66},[52,154664,1458],{"class":108},[52,154666,5450],{"class":66},[52,154668,50854],{"class":129},[52,154670,154671],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,154672,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154674,154675,154677,154679,154681,154683,154685,154687,154689],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,154676,7079],{"class":1195},[52,154678,38479],{"class":101},[52,154680,105],{"class":66},[52,154682,1458],{"class":108},[52,154684,126],{"class":66},[52,154686,38489],{"class":62},[52,154688,77],{"class":70},[52,154690,1689],{"class":66},[52,154692,154693,154695,154697,154699,154701,154703],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,154694,8154],{"class":101},[52,154696,105],{"class":66},[52,154698,1458],{"class":108},[52,154700,3994],{"class":66},[52,154702,440],{"class":70},[52,154704,1858],{"class":66},[20,154706,154707,154708,242],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[236,154709,25774,154711],{"href":154710},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154712,154713],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[38,154715,154717],{"id":154716},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154719,154720],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[153,154722,154723,154725],{},[156,154724,76948],{},[156,154726,154727],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154729,154730],{},"Indexing example:",[43,154732,154734],{"className":45,"code":154733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154735,154736,154760,154764],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154737,154738,154740,154742,154744,154746,154748,154750,154752,154754,154756,154758],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154739,59],{"class":58},[52,154741,63],{"class":62},[52,154743,9321],{"class":66},[52,154745,430],{"class":70},[52,154747,74],{"class":66},[52,154749,7874],{"class":70},[52,154751,74],{"class":66},[52,154753,7879],{"class":70},[52,154755,74],{"class":66},[52,154757,50927],{"class":70},[52,154759,112],{"class":66},[52,154761,154762],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154763,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154765,154766,154768,154770,154772,154774,154776],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154767,118],{"class":101},[52,154769,105],{"class":66},[52,154771,109],{"class":108},[52,154773,3994],{"class":66},[52,154775,71],{"class":70},[52,154777,1858],{"class":66},[20,154779,311],{},[43,154781,154782],{"className":45,"code":71298,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,154783,154784],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154785,154786],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154787,71298],{"class":70},[20,154789,154790],{},"Slicing example:",[43,154792,154794],{"className":45,"code":154793,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154795,154796,154820,154824],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154797,154798,154800,154802,154804,154806,154808,154810,154812,154814,154816,154818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154799,59],{"class":58},[52,154801,63],{"class":62},[52,154803,9321],{"class":66},[52,154805,430],{"class":70},[52,154807,74],{"class":66},[52,154809,7874],{"class":70},[52,154811,74],{"class":66},[52,154813,7879],{"class":70},[52,154815,74],{"class":66},[52,154817,50927],{"class":70},[52,154819,112],{"class":66},[52,154821,154822],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154823,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,154825,154826,154828,154830,154832,154834,154836,154838,154840],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,154827,118],{"class":101},[52,154829,105],{"class":66},[52,154831,109],{"class":108},[52,154833,3994],{"class":66},[52,154835,71],{"class":70},[52,154837,1772],{"class":66},[52,154839,445],{"class":70},[52,154841,1858],{"class":66},[20,154843,311],{},[43,154845,154847],{"className":45,"code":154846,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154848,154849],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154850,154851,154853,154855,154857,154859],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154852,105],{"class":66},[52,154854,15846],{"class":70},[52,154856,74],{"class":66},[52,154858,7879],{"class":70},[52,154860,112],{"class":66},[20,154862,154863,154864,242],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[236,154865,150785],{"href":150784},[38,154867,154869],{"id":154868},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154871,154872],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154874,154875],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154877,6769],{},[43,154879,154881],{"className":45,"code":154880,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154882,154883,154915],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154884,154885,154887,154889,154891,154893,154895,154897,154899,154901,154903,154905,154907,154909,154911,154913],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154886,13165],{"class":58},[52,154888,63],{"class":62},[52,154890,9321],{"class":66},[52,154892,757],{"class":756},[52,154894,13182],{"class":760},[52,154896,757],{"class":756},[52,154898,74],{"class":66},[52,154900,768],{"class":756},[52,154902,17549],{"class":760},[52,154904,757],{"class":756},[52,154906,74],{"class":66},[52,154908,768],{"class":756},[52,154910,13199],{"class":760},[52,154912,757],{"class":756},[52,154914,112],{"class":66},[52,154916,154917,154919,154921,154923,154925,154927],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154918,118],{"class":101},[52,154920,105],{"class":66},[52,154922,17596],{"class":108},[52,154924,3994],{"class":66},[52,154926,71],{"class":70},[52,154928,1858],{"class":66},[20,154930,154931],{},"But this does not work:",[43,154933,154935],{"className":45,"code":154934,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154936,154937,154969],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,154938,154939,154941,154943,154945,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,154940,13165],{"class":58},[52,154942,63],{"class":62},[52,154944,9321],{"class":66},[52,154946,757],{"class":756},[52,154948,13182],{"class":760},[52,154950,757],{"class":756},[52,154952,74],{"class":66},[52,154954,768],{"class":756},[52,154956,17549],{"class":760},[52,154958,757],{"class":756},[52,154960,74],{"class":66},[52,154962,768],{"class":756},[52,154964,13199],{"class":760},[52,154966,757],{"class":756},[52,154968,112],{"class":66},[52,154970,154971,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981,154983,154985],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,154972,17596],{"class":58},[52,154974,3994],{"class":66},[52,154976,71],{"class":70},[52,154978,13363],{"class":66},[52,154980,13366],{"class":62},[52,154982,768],{"class":756},[52,154984,22619],{"class":760},[52,154986,3465],{"class":756},[20,154988,154989],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154991,154992],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[38,154994,1766],{"id":1765},[20,154996,154997],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[153,154999,155000,155006,155009,155012],{},[156,155001,132783,155002,11180,155004],{},[15,155003,71],{},[15,155005,207],{},[156,155007,155008],{},"Using an index that is too large",[156,155010,155011],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[156,155013,155014,155015],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,155016,155017],{},"tuple[index]",[20,155019,62371],{},[43,155021,155023],{"className":45,"code":155022,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,155024,155025,155035,155049,155063,155079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155026,155027,155029,155031,155033],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155028,118],{"class":101},[52,155030,105],{"class":66},[52,155032,147886],{"class":108},[52,155034,112],{"class":66},[52,155036,155037,155039,155041,155043,155045,155047],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155038,118],{"class":101},[52,155040,105],{"class":66},[52,155042,11250],{"class":101},[52,155044,105],{"class":66},[52,155046,147886],{"class":108},[52,155048,510],{"class":66},[52,155050,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,155052,118],{"class":101},[52,155054,105],{"class":66},[52,155056,147886],{"class":108},[52,155058,3994],{"class":66},[52,155060,207],{"class":70},[52,155062,1858],{"class":66},[52,155064,155065,155067,155069,155071,155073,155075,155077],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,155066,118],{"class":101},[52,155068,105],{"class":66},[52,155070,147886],{"class":108},[52,155072,3994],{"class":66},[52,155074,2142],{"class":62},[52,155076,71],{"class":70},[52,155078,1858],{"class":66},[52,155080,155081,155083,155085,155087,155089,155091],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,155082,118],{"class":101},[52,155084,105],{"class":66},[52,155086,1827],{"class":1184},[52,155088,105],{"class":66},[52,155090,147886],{"class":108},[52,155092,510],{"class":66},[20,155094,155095],{},"These can help you confirm:",[153,155097,155098,155101,155103,155106],{},[156,155099,155100],{},"what the tuple contains",[156,155102,60860],{},[156,155104,155105],{},"what the first and last items are",[156,155107,155108],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[38,155110,1919],{"id":1918},[461,155112,155114],{"id":155113},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,155116,155117,155118,242],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,155119,207],{},[461,155121,155123],{"id":155122},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,155125,133,155126,155128],{},[15,155127,65930],{}," as the index:",[43,155130,155132],{"className":45,"code":155131,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,155133,155134],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155135,155136,155138,155140,155142,155144],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155137,147886],{"class":58},[52,155139,3994],{"class":66},[52,155141,2142],{"class":62},[52,155143,71],{"class":70},[52,155145,90],{"class":66},[461,155147,155149],{"id":155148},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,155151,155152],{},"Python raises:",[43,155154,155156],{"className":45,"code":155155,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,155157,155158],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155159,155160,155162,155164,155166,155168],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155161,70805],{"class":1184},[52,155163,1772],{"class":66},[52,155165,149234],{"class":1184},[52,155167,154584],{"class":58},[52,155169,70997],{"class":101},[461,155171,155173],{"id":155172},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,155175,155176],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[38,155178,1986],{"id":1985},[153,155180,155181,155186,155190,155194,155200],{},[156,155182,155183],{},[236,155184,155185],{"href":147871},"How to create a tuple in Python",[156,155187,155188],{},[236,155189,150785],{"href":150784},[156,155191,155192],{},[236,155193,150790],{"href":149106},[156,155195,155196],{},[236,155197,26217,155198],{"href":154710},[15,155199,154713],{},[156,155201,155202],{},[236,155203,147868],{"href":147867},[2029,155205,155206],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: 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.sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":155208},[155209,155210,155211,155212,155213,155214,155215,155216,155217,155218,155224],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":153972,"depth":93,"text":153973},{"id":154098,"depth":93,"text":154099},{"id":154236,"depth":93,"text":154237},{"id":154363,"depth":93,"text":154364},{"id":154488,"depth":93,"text":154489},{"id":154716,"depth":93,"text":154717},{"id":154868,"depth":93,"text":154869},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":155219},[155220,155221,155222,155223],{"id":155113,"depth":115,"text":155114},{"id":155122,"depth":115,"text":155123},{"id":155148,"depth":115,"text":155149},{"id":155172,"depth":115,"text":155173},{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153829,"description":155225},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":155231,"title":155232,"body":155233,"description":157122,"extension":2083,"meta":157123,"navigation":296,"path":157124,"seo":157125,"stem":157126,"__hash__":157127},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":155234,"toc":157079},[155235,155241,155246,155297,155301,155309,155315,155317,155333,155335,155338,155353,155355,155368,155370,155427,155431,155439,155446,155452,155458,155462,155513,155517,155525,155529,155558,155562,155570,155574,155607,155611,155619,155623,155626,155677,155681,155689,155691,155708,155712,155716,155775,155779,155787,155790,155817,155821,155829,155833,155839,155914,155918,155955,155963,155967,156030,156034,156042,156047,156051,156057,156100,156104,156112,156118,156121,156168,156172,156180,156189,156195,156250,156254,156262,156265,156269,156271,156302,156306,156325,156328,156373,156377,156400,156406,156411,156413,156460,156465,156468,156516,156520,156528,156532,156537,156541,156591,156595,156610,156614,156672,156676,156691,156695,156766,156770,156779,156783,156862,156866,156888,156896,156898,156901,156926,156928,156981,156983,157000,157002,157006,157012,157017,157022,157026,157031,157035,157040,157046,157049,157051,157076],[10,155236,155238,155239,126],{"id":155237},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,155240,11250],{},[20,155242,133,155243,155245],{},[15,155244,2007],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[43,155247,155249],{"className":45,"code":155248,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155250,155251,155283],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155252,155253,155255,155257,155259,155261,155263,155265,155267,155269,155271,155273,155275,155277,155279,155281],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155254,13165],{"class":58},[52,155256,63],{"class":62},[52,155258,9321],{"class":66},[52,155260,757],{"class":756},[52,155262,13182],{"class":760},[52,155264,757],{"class":756},[52,155266,74],{"class":66},[52,155268,768],{"class":756},[52,155270,17549],{"class":760},[52,155272,757],{"class":756},[52,155274,74],{"class":66},[52,155276,768],{"class":756},[52,155278,13199],{"class":760},[52,155280,757],{"class":756},[52,155282,112],{"class":66},[52,155284,155285,155287,155289,155291,155293,155295],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155286,118],{"class":101},[52,155288,105],{"class":66},[52,155290,11250],{"class":101},[52,155292,105],{"class":66},[52,155294,17596],{"class":108},[52,155296,510],{"class":66},[20,155298,155299],{},[3842,155300,311],{},[43,155302,155303],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155304,155305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155306,155307],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155308,710],{"class":70},[20,155310,133,155311,155314],{},[15,155312,155313],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[38,155316,15254],{"id":15253},[153,155318,155319,155324,155328,155331],{},[156,155320,4290,155321,155323],{},[15,155322,2007],{}," works with tuples",[156,155325,68333,155326,11793],{},[15,155327,2007],{},[156,155329,155330],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[156,155332,4610],{},[38,155334,181],{"id":180},[20,155336,155337],{},"Use this pattern:",[43,155339,155341],{"className":45,"code":155340,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,155342,155343],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155344,155345,155347,155349,155351],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155346,11250],{"class":101},[52,155348,105],{"class":66},[52,155350,147886],{"class":108},[52,155352,112],{"class":66},[20,155354,11548],{},[153,155356,155357,155360,155363],{},[156,155358,155359],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[156,155361,155362],{},"The result is an integer",[156,155364,155365,155367],{},[15,155366,2007],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,155369,2324],{},[43,155371,155373],{"className":45,"code":155372,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,155374,155375,155399,155413,155417],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155376,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385,155387,155389,155391,155393,155395,155397],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155378,59],{"class":58},[52,155380,63],{"class":62},[52,155382,9321],{"class":66},[52,155384,430],{"class":70},[52,155386,74],{"class":66},[52,155388,7874],{"class":70},[52,155390,74],{"class":66},[52,155392,7879],{"class":70},[52,155394,74],{"class":66},[52,155396,50927],{"class":70},[52,155398,112],{"class":66},[52,155400,155401,155403,155405,155407,155409,155411],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155402,41329],{"class":58},[52,155404,63],{"class":62},[52,155406,38479],{"class":101},[52,155408,105],{"class":66},[52,155410,109],{"class":108},[52,155412,112],{"class":66},[52,155414,155415],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,155416,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,155418,155419,155421,155423,155425],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,155420,118],{"class":101},[52,155422,105],{"class":66},[52,155424,41347],{"class":108},[52,155426,112],{"class":66},[20,155428,155429],{},[3842,155430,311],{},[43,155432,155433],{"className":45,"code":48733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155434,155435],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155436,155437],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155438,48733],{"class":70},[20,155440,155441,155442,242],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[236,155443,13,155444,1999],{"href":2004},[15,155445,2007],{},[38,155447,140,155449,155451],{"id":155448},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155450,2007],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155453,155454,155455,155457],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155456,2007],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[461,155459,155461],{"id":155460},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[43,155463,155465],{"className":45,"code":155464,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155466,155467,155499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155468,155469,155471,155473,155475,155477,155479,155481,155483,155485,155487,155489,155491,155493,155495,155497],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155470,36333],{"class":58},[52,155472,63],{"class":62},[52,155474,9321],{"class":66},[52,155476,757],{"class":756},[52,155478,4171],{"class":760},[52,155480,757],{"class":756},[52,155482,74],{"class":66},[52,155484,768],{"class":756},[52,155486,4180],{"class":760},[52,155488,757],{"class":756},[52,155490,74],{"class":66},[52,155492,768],{"class":756},[52,155494,33317],{"class":760},[52,155496,757],{"class":756},[52,155498,112],{"class":66},[52,155500,155501,155503,155505,155507,155509,155511],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155502,118],{"class":101},[52,155504,105],{"class":66},[52,155506,11250],{"class":101},[52,155508,105],{"class":66},[52,155510,36385],{"class":108},[52,155512,510],{"class":66},[20,155514,155515],{},[3842,155516,311],{},[43,155518,155519],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155520,155521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155522,155523],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155524,710],{"class":70},[461,155526,155528],{"id":155527},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[43,155530,155532],{"className":45,"code":155531,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155533,155534,155543],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155535,155536,155539,155541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155537,155538],{"class":58},"empty_tuple ",[52,155540,63],{"class":62},[52,155542,149210],{"class":66},[52,155544,155545,155547,155549,155551,155553,155556],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155546,118],{"class":101},[52,155548,105],{"class":66},[52,155550,11250],{"class":101},[52,155552,105],{"class":66},[52,155554,155555],{"class":108},"empty_tuple",[52,155557,510],{"class":66},[20,155559,155560],{},[3842,155561,311],{},[43,155563,155564],{"className":45,"code":47335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155565,155566],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155567,155568],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155569,47335],{"class":70},[461,155571,155573],{"id":155572},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[43,155575,155577],{"className":45,"code":155576,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155578,155579,155592],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155580,155581,155584,155586,155588,155590],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155582,155583],{"class":58},"single_value ",[52,155585,63],{"class":62},[52,155587,9321],{"class":66},[52,155589,265],{"class":70},[52,155591,149224],{"class":66},[52,155593,155594,155596,155598,155600,155602,155605],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155595,118],{"class":101},[52,155597,105],{"class":66},[52,155599,11250],{"class":101},[52,155601,105],{"class":66},[52,155603,155604],{"class":108},"single_value",[52,155606,510],{"class":66},[20,155608,155609],{},[3842,155610,311],{},[43,155612,155613],{"className":45,"code":47001,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155614,155615],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155616,155617],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155618,47001],{"class":70},[461,155620,155622],{"id":155621},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155624,155625],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[43,155627,155629],{"className":45,"code":155628,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155630,155631,155663],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155632,155633,155635,155637,155639,155641,155643,155645,155647,155649,155651,155653,155655,155657,155659,155661],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155634,9251],{"class":58},[52,155636,63],{"class":62},[52,155638,9321],{"class":66},[52,155640,71],{"class":70},[52,155642,74],{"class":66},[52,155644,9321],{"class":66},[52,155646,440],{"class":70},[52,155648,74],{"class":66},[52,155650,82],{"class":70},[52,155652,9318],{"class":66},[52,155654,67],{"class":66},[52,155656,1595],{"class":70},[52,155658,74],{"class":66},[52,155660,4696],{"class":70},[52,155662,1858],{"class":66},[52,155664,155665,155667,155669,155671,155673,155675],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155666,118],{"class":101},[52,155668,105],{"class":66},[52,155670,11250],{"class":101},[52,155672,105],{"class":66},[52,155674,9289],{"class":108},[52,155676,510],{"class":66},[20,155678,155679],{},[3842,155680,311],{},[43,155682,155683],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155684,155685],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155686,155687],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155688,710],{"class":70},[20,155690,20051],{},[153,155692,155693,155698,155703],{},[156,155694,155695,155697],{},[15,155696,71],{}," is one item",[156,155699,155700,155697],{},[15,155701,155702],{},"(2, 3)",[156,155704,155705,155697],{},[15,155706,155707],{},"[4, 5]",[38,155709,155711],{"id":155710},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[461,155713,155715],{"id":155714},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[43,155717,155719],{"className":45,"code":155718,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155720,155721,155761],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155722,155723,155725,155727,155729,155731,155733,155735,155737,155739,155741,155743,155745,155747,155749,155751,155753,155755,155757,155759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155724,13165],{"class":58},[52,155726,63],{"class":62},[52,155728,9321],{"class":66},[52,155730,757],{"class":756},[52,155732,13182],{"class":760},[52,155734,757],{"class":756},[52,155736,74],{"class":66},[52,155738,768],{"class":756},[52,155740,17549],{"class":760},[52,155742,757],{"class":756},[52,155744,74],{"class":66},[52,155746,768],{"class":756},[52,155748,13199],{"class":760},[52,155750,757],{"class":756},[52,155752,74],{"class":66},[52,155754,768],{"class":756},[52,155756,22619],{"class":760},[52,155758,757],{"class":756},[52,155760,112],{"class":66},[52,155762,155763,155765,155767,155769,155771,155773],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155764,118],{"class":101},[52,155766,105],{"class":66},[52,155768,11250],{"class":101},[52,155770,105],{"class":66},[52,155772,17596],{"class":108},[52,155774,510],{"class":66},[20,155776,155777],{},[3842,155778,311],{},[43,155780,155781],{"className":45,"code":48733,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155782,155783],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155784,155785],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155786,48733],{"class":70},[461,155788,155528],{"id":155789},"empty-tuple-1",[43,155791,155793],{"className":45,"code":155792,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155794,155795,155803],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155796,155797,155799,155801],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155798,7863],{"class":58},[52,155800,63],{"class":62},[52,155802,149210],{"class":66},[52,155804,155805,155807,155809,155811,155813,155815],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155806,118],{"class":101},[52,155808,105],{"class":66},[52,155810,11250],{"class":101},[52,155812,105],{"class":66},[52,155814,7894],{"class":108},[52,155816,510],{"class":66},[20,155818,155819],{},[3842,155820,311],{},[43,155822,155823],{"className":45,"code":47335,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,155824,155825],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155826,155827],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155828,47335],{"class":70},[461,155830,155832],{"id":155831},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155834,155835,155836,155838],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3842,155837,4722],{}," always a tuple.",[43,155840,155842],{"className":45,"code":155841,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155843,155844,155856,155868,155872,155886,155900],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155845,155846,155848,155850,155852,155854],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155847,2668],{"class":58},[52,155849,63],{"class":62},[52,155851,9321],{"class":66},[52,155853,265],{"class":70},[52,155855,112],{"class":66},[52,155857,155858,155860,155862,155864,155866],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155859,2696],{"class":58},[52,155861,63],{"class":62},[52,155863,9321],{"class":66},[52,155865,265],{"class":70},[52,155867,149224],{"class":66},[52,155869,155870],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,155871,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,155873,155874,155876,155878,155880,155882,155884],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,155875,118],{"class":101},[52,155877,105],{"class":66},[52,155879,1827],{"class":1184},[52,155881,105],{"class":66},[52,155883,236],{"class":108},[52,155885,510],{"class":66},[52,155887,155888,155890,155892,155894,155896,155898],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,155889,118],{"class":101},[52,155891,105],{"class":66},[52,155893,1827],{"class":1184},[52,155895,105],{"class":66},[52,155897,4853],{"class":108},[52,155899,510],{"class":66},[52,155901,155902,155904,155906,155908,155910,155912],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,155903,118],{"class":101},[52,155905,105],{"class":66},[52,155907,11250],{"class":101},[52,155909,105],{"class":66},[52,155911,4853],{"class":108},[52,155913,510],{"class":66},[20,155915,155916],{},[3842,155917,311],{},[43,155919,155921],{"className":45,"code":155920,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155922,155923,155937,155951],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155924,155925,155927,155929,155931,155933,155935],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155926,3395],{"class":62},[52,155928,3398],{"class":2184},[52,155930,3401],{"class":756},[52,155932,1185],{"class":760},[52,155934,3406],{"class":756},[52,155936,3409],{"class":62},[52,155938,155939,155941,155943,155945,155947,155949],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,155940,3395],{"class":62},[52,155942,3398],{"class":2184},[52,155944,3401],{"class":756},[52,155946,49036],{"class":760},[52,155948,3406],{"class":756},[52,155950,3409],{"class":62},[52,155952,155953],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,155954,47001],{"class":70},[20,155956,155957,155958,652,155961,242],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[236,155959,155960],{"href":147871},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[236,155962,149172],{"href":149171},[461,155964,155966],{"id":155965},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[43,155968,155970],{"className":45,"code":155969,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155971,155972,156016],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,155973,155974,155976,155978,155980,155982,155984,155986,155988,155990,155992,155994,155996,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,155975,59553],{"class":58},[52,155977,63],{"class":62},[52,155979,9321],{"class":66},[52,155981,757],{"class":756},[52,155983,4171],{"class":760},[52,155985,757],{"class":756},[52,155987,74],{"class":66},[52,155989,67],{"class":66},[52,155991,71],{"class":70},[52,155993,74],{"class":66},[52,155995,77],{"class":70},[52,155997,894],{"class":66},[52,155999,9321],{"class":66},[52,156001,757],{"class":756},[52,156003,1190],{"class":760},[52,156005,757],{"class":756},[52,156007,74],{"class":66},[52,156009,768],{"class":756},[52,156011,1405],{"class":760},[52,156013,757],{"class":756},[52,156015,510],{"class":66},[52,156017,156018,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156019,118],{"class":101},[52,156021,105],{"class":66},[52,156023,11250],{"class":101},[52,156025,105],{"class":66},[52,156027,59606],{"class":108},[52,156029,510],{"class":66},[20,156031,156032],{},[3842,156033,311],{},[43,156035,156036],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156037,156038],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156039,156040],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156041,710],{"class":70},[20,156043,156044,156046],{},[15,156045,2007],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[38,156048,156050],{"id":156049},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[461,156052,156054,156056],{"id":156053},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,156055,2007],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[43,156058,156060],{"className":45,"code":156059,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,156061,156062,156086],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156063,156064,156066,156068,156070,156072,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156065,749],{"class":58},[52,156067,63],{"class":62},[52,156069,9321],{"class":66},[52,156071,757],{"class":756},[52,156073,63671],{"class":760},[52,156075,757],{"class":756},[52,156077,74],{"class":66},[52,156079,768],{"class":756},[52,156081,47],{"class":760},[52,156083,757],{"class":756},[52,156085,112],{"class":66},[52,156087,156088,156090,156092,156094,156096,156098],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156089,118],{"class":101},[52,156091,105],{"class":66},[52,156093,11250],{"class":101},[52,156095,105],{"class":66},[52,156097,788],{"class":108},[52,156099,510],{"class":66},[20,156101,156102],{},[3842,156103,311],{},[43,156105,156106],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156107,156108],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156109,156110],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156111,17149],{"class":70},[20,156113,156114,156115,156117],{},"This result is ",[15,156116,440],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,156119,156120],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[43,156122,156124],{"className":45,"code":156123,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,156125,156126,156150],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156127,156128,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144,156146,156148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156129,749],{"class":58},[52,156131,63],{"class":62},[52,156133,9321],{"class":66},[52,156135,757],{"class":756},[52,156137,63671],{"class":760},[52,156139,757],{"class":756},[52,156141,74],{"class":66},[52,156143,768],{"class":756},[52,156145,47],{"class":760},[52,156147,757],{"class":756},[52,156149,112],{"class":66},[52,156151,156152,156154,156156,156158,156160,156162,156164,156166],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156153,118],{"class":101},[52,156155,105],{"class":66},[52,156157,11250],{"class":101},[52,156159,105],{"class":66},[52,156161,788],{"class":108},[52,156163,3994],{"class":66},[52,156165,207],{"class":70},[52,156167,1063],{"class":66},[20,156169,156170],{},[3842,156171,311],{},[43,156173,156174],{"className":45,"code":17149,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156175,156176],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156177,156178],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156179,17149],{"class":70},[20,156181,20865,156182,156185,156186,242],{},[15,156183,156184],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,156187,156188],{},"\"hi\"",[461,156190,156192,156194],{"id":156191},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,156193,2007],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[43,156196,156198],{"className":45,"code":156197,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,156199,156200,156236],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156201,156202,156204,156206,156208,156210,156212,156214,156216,156218,156220,156222,156224,156226,156228,156230,156232,156234],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156203,474],{"class":58},[52,156205,63],{"class":62},[52,156207,10081],{"class":66},[52,156209,71],{"class":70},[52,156211,74],{"class":66},[52,156213,77],{"class":70},[52,156215,9318],{"class":66},[52,156217,9321],{"class":66},[52,156219,445],{"class":70},[52,156221,74],{"class":66},[52,156223,87],{"class":70},[52,156225,9318],{"class":66},[52,156227,9321],{"class":66},[52,156229,265],{"class":70},[52,156231,74],{"class":66},[52,156233,619],{"class":70},[52,156235,510],{"class":66},[52,156237,156238,156240,156242,156244,156246,156248],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156239,118],{"class":101},[52,156241,105],{"class":66},[52,156243,11250],{"class":101},[52,156245,105],{"class":66},[52,156247,507],{"class":108},[52,156249,510],{"class":66},[20,156251,156252],{},[3842,156253,311],{},[43,156255,156256],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156257,156258],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156259,156260],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156261,710],{"class":70},[20,156263,156264],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[461,156266,156268],{"id":156267},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,156270,25785],{},[43,156272,156274],{"className":45,"code":156273,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,156275,156276,156288],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156277,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156279,2563],{"class":58},[52,156281,63],{"class":62},[52,156283,9321],{"class":66},[52,156285,430],{"class":70},[52,156287,112],{"class":66},[52,156289,156290,156292,156294,156296,156298,156300],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156291,118],{"class":101},[52,156293,105],{"class":66},[52,156295,1827],{"class":1184},[52,156297,105],{"class":66},[52,156299,2588],{"class":108},[52,156301,510],{"class":66},[20,156303,156304],{},[3842,156305,311],{},[43,156307,156309],{"className":45,"code":156308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,156310,156311],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156312,156313,156315,156317,156319,156321,156323],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156314,3395],{"class":62},[52,156316,3398],{"class":2184},[52,156318,3401],{"class":756},[52,156320,1185],{"class":760},[52,156322,3406],{"class":756},[52,156324,3409],{"class":62},[20,156326,156327],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[43,156329,156331],{"className":45,"code":156330,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,156332,156333,156345,156359],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156334,156335,156337,156339,156341,156343],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156336,2563],{"class":58},[52,156338,63],{"class":62},[52,156340,9321],{"class":66},[52,156342,430],{"class":70},[52,156344,149224],{"class":66},[52,156346,156347,156349,156351,156353,156355,156357],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156348,118],{"class":101},[52,156350,105],{"class":66},[52,156352,1827],{"class":1184},[52,156354,105],{"class":66},[52,156356,2588],{"class":108},[52,156358,510],{"class":66},[52,156360,156361,156363,156365,156367,156369,156371],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156362,118],{"class":101},[52,156364,105],{"class":66},[52,156366,11250],{"class":101},[52,156368,105],{"class":66},[52,156370,2588],{"class":108},[52,156372,510],{"class":66},[20,156374,156375],{},[3842,156376,311],{},[43,156378,156380],{"className":45,"code":156379,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,156381,156382,156396],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156383,156384,156386,156388,156390,156392,156394],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156385,3395],{"class":62},[52,156387,3398],{"class":2184},[52,156389,3401],{"class":756},[52,156391,49036],{"class":760},[52,156393,3406],{"class":756},[52,156395,3409],{"class":62},[52,156397,156398],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156399,47001],{"class":70},[461,156401,156403,156405],{"id":156402},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,156404,11250],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,156407,44513,156408,156410],{},[15,156409,11250],{}," as a variable name.",[20,156412,44544],{},[43,156414,156416],{"className":45,"code":156415,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156417,156418,156426,156446],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156419,156420,156422,156424],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156421,11250],{"class":101},[52,156423,13366],{"class":62},[52,156425,2701],{"class":70},[52,156427,156428,156430,156432,156434,156436,156438,156440,156442,156444],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156429,59],{"class":58},[52,156431,63],{"class":62},[52,156433,9321],{"class":66},[52,156435,71],{"class":70},[52,156437,74],{"class":66},[52,156439,77],{"class":70},[52,156441,74],{"class":66},[52,156443,82],{"class":70},[52,156445,112],{"class":66},[52,156447,156448,156450,156452,156454,156456,156458],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156449,118],{"class":101},[52,156451,105],{"class":66},[52,156453,11250],{"class":101},[52,156455,105],{"class":66},[52,156457,109],{"class":108},[52,156459,510],{"class":66},[20,156461,39746,156462,156464],{},[15,156463,11250],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156466,156467],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[43,156469,156471],{"className":45,"code":156470,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156472,156473,156482,156502],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156474,156475,156478,156480],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156476,156477],{"class":58},"length_value ",[52,156479,63],{"class":62},[52,156481,2701],{"class":70},[52,156483,156484,156486,156488,156490,156492,156494,156496,156498,156500],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156485,59],{"class":58},[52,156487,63],{"class":62},[52,156489,9321],{"class":66},[52,156491,71],{"class":70},[52,156493,74],{"class":66},[52,156495,77],{"class":70},[52,156497,74],{"class":66},[52,156499,82],{"class":70},[52,156501,112],{"class":66},[52,156503,156504,156506,156508,156510,156512,156514],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156505,118],{"class":101},[52,156507,105],{"class":66},[52,156509,11250],{"class":101},[52,156511,105],{"class":66},[52,156513,109],{"class":108},[52,156515,510],{"class":66},[20,156517,156518],{},[3842,156519,311],{},[43,156521,156522],{"className":45,"code":710,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156523,156524],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156525,156526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156527,710],{"class":70},[38,156529,156531],{"id":156530},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156533,156534,156536],{},[15,156535,2007],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[461,156538,156540],{"id":156539},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[43,156542,156544],{"className":45,"code":156543,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156545,156546,156554,156558,156576],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156547,156548,156550,156552],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156549,7863],{"class":58},[52,156551,63],{"class":62},[52,156553,149210],{"class":66},[52,156555,156556],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156557,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,156559,156560,156562,156564,156566,156568,156570,156572,156574],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156561,7079],{"class":1195},[52,156563,38479],{"class":101},[52,156565,105],{"class":66},[52,156567,7894],{"class":108},[52,156569,126],{"class":66},[52,156571,6492],{"class":62},[52,156573,3933],{"class":70},[52,156575,1689],{"class":66},[52,156577,156578,156580,156582,156584,156587,156589],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,156579,8154],{"class":101},[52,156581,105],{"class":66},[52,156583,757],{"class":756},[52,156585,156586],{"class":760},"The tuple is empty",[52,156588,757],{"class":756},[52,156590,112],{"class":66},[20,156592,156593],{},[3842,156594,311],{},[43,156596,156598],{"className":45,"code":156597,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156599,156600],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156601,156602,156604,156606,156608],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156603,2100],{"class":58},[52,156605,49036],{"class":1184},[52,156607,8182],{"class":62},[52,156609,8188],{"class":58},[461,156611,156613],{"id":156612},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[43,156615,156617],{"className":45,"code":156616,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156618,156619,156635,156639,156657],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156620,156621,156623,156625,156627,156629,156631,156633],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156622,51469],{"class":58},[52,156624,63],{"class":62},[52,156626,9321],{"class":66},[52,156628,1595],{"class":70},[52,156630,74],{"class":66},[52,156632,1600],{"class":70},[52,156634,112],{"class":66},[52,156636,156637],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156638,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,156640,156641,156643,156645,156647,156649,156651,156653,156655],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156642,7079],{"class":1195},[52,156644,38479],{"class":101},[52,156646,105],{"class":66},[52,156648,51494],{"class":108},[52,156650,126],{"class":66},[52,156652,6492],{"class":62},[52,156654,77],{"class":70},[52,156656,1689],{"class":66},[52,156658,156659,156661,156663,156665,156668,156670],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,156660,8154],{"class":101},[52,156662,105],{"class":66},[52,156664,757],{"class":756},[52,156666,156667],{"class":760},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[52,156669,757],{"class":756},[52,156671,112],{"class":66},[20,156673,156674],{},[3842,156675,311],{},[43,156677,156679],{"className":45,"code":156678,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156680,156681],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156682,156683,156686,156688],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156684,156685],{"class":58},"This looks like an x",[52,156687,74],{"class":66},[52,156689,156690],{"class":58}," y coordinate\n",[461,156692,156694],{"id":156693},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[43,156696,156698],{"className":45,"code":156697,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156699,156700,156729,156733,156751],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156701,156702,156704,156706,156708,156710,156712,156714,156716,156718,156720,156722,156725,156727],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156703,11576],{"class":58},[52,156705,63],{"class":62},[52,156707,9321],{"class":66},[52,156709,757],{"class":756},[52,156711,12969],{"class":760},[52,156713,757],{"class":756},[52,156715,74],{"class":66},[52,156717,9391],{"class":70},[52,156719,74],{"class":66},[52,156721,768],{"class":756},[52,156723,156724],{"class":760},"Canada",[52,156726,757],{"class":756},[52,156728,112],{"class":66},[52,156730,156731],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156732,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,156734,156735,156737,156739,156741,156743,156745,156747,156749],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156736,7079],{"class":1195},[52,156738,38479],{"class":101},[52,156740,105],{"class":66},[52,156742,11670],{"class":108},[52,156744,126],{"class":66},[52,156746,6492],{"class":62},[52,156748,82],{"class":70},[52,156750,1689],{"class":66},[52,156752,156753,156755,156757,156759,156762,156764],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,156754,8154],{"class":101},[52,156756,105],{"class":66},[52,156758,757],{"class":756},[52,156760,156761],{"class":760},"User record has the expected number of values",[52,156763,757],{"class":756},[52,156765,112],{"class":66},[20,156767,156768],{},[3842,156769,311],{},[43,156771,156773],{"className":45,"code":156772,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156774,156775],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156776,156777],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156778,156772],{"class":58},[461,156780,156782],{"id":156781},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[43,156784,156786],{"className":45,"code":156785,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156787,156788,156820,156824,156844],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156789,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798,156800,156802,156804,156806,156808,156810,156812,156814,156816,156818],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156791,1387],{"class":58},[52,156793,63],{"class":62},[52,156795,9321],{"class":66},[52,156797,757],{"class":756},[52,156799,236],{"class":760},[52,156801,757],{"class":756},[52,156803,74],{"class":66},[52,156805,768],{"class":756},[52,156807,4853],{"class":760},[52,156809,757],{"class":756},[52,156811,74],{"class":66},[52,156813,768],{"class":756},[52,156815,9825],{"class":760},[52,156817,757],{"class":756},[52,156819,112],{"class":66},[52,156821,156822],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156823,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,156825,156826,156828,156830,156832,156834,156836,156838,156840,156842],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156827,1678],{"class":1195},[52,156829,69623],{"class":58},[52,156831,1202],{"class":1195},[52,156833,54151],{"class":101},[52,156835,105],{"class":66},[52,156837,11250],{"class":101},[52,156839,105],{"class":66},[52,156841,1458],{"class":108},[52,156843,69638],{"class":66},[52,156845,156846,156848,156850,156852,156854,156856,156858,156860],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,156847,8154],{"class":101},[52,156849,105],{"class":66},[52,156851,36250],{"class":108},[52,156853,74],{"class":66},[52,156855,70170],{"class":108},[52,156857,3994],{"class":66},[52,156859,36250],{"class":108},[52,156861,1858],{"class":66},[20,156863,156864],{},[3842,156865,311],{},[43,156867,156868],{"className":45,"code":36262,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,156869,156870,156876,156882],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156871,156872,156874],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156873,207],{"class":70},[52,156875,36271],{"class":58},[52,156877,156878,156880],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156879,71],{"class":70},[52,156881,36278],{"class":58},[52,156883,156884,156886],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156885,440],{"class":70},[52,156887,36285],{"class":58},[20,156889,156890,156891,156893,156894,242],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[236,156892,149541],{"href":149540},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[236,156895,150785],{"href":150784},[38,156897,1766],{"id":1765},[20,156899,156900],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[153,156902,156903,156911,156918,156923],{},[156,156904,156905,156906,11180,156909],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156907,156908],{},"(5)",[15,156910,149375],{},[156,156912,1372,156913,156915,156916],{},[15,156914,11250],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156917,2007],{},[156,156919,8538,156920,156922],{},[15,156921,2007],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[156,156924,156925],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156927,32178],{},[43,156929,156931],{"className":45,"code":156930,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156932,156933,156943,156957,156971],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,156934,156935,156937,156939,156941],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,156936,118],{"class":101},[52,156938,105],{"class":66},[52,156940,147886],{"class":108},[52,156942,112],{"class":66},[52,156944,156945,156947,156949,156951,156953,156955],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,156946,118],{"class":101},[52,156948,105],{"class":66},[52,156950,1827],{"class":1184},[52,156952,105],{"class":66},[52,156954,147886],{"class":108},[52,156956,510],{"class":66},[52,156958,156959,156961,156963,156965,156967,156969],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,156960,118],{"class":101},[52,156962,105],{"class":66},[52,156964,11250],{"class":101},[52,156966,105],{"class":66},[52,156968,147886],{"class":108},[52,156970,510],{"class":66},[52,156972,156973,156975,156977,156979],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,156974,32248],{"class":101},[52,156976,105],{"class":66},[52,156978,11250],{"class":101},[52,156980,112],{"class":66},[20,156982,155095],{},[153,156984,156985,156988,156991,156995],{},[156,156986,156987],{},"what value you are using",[156,156989,156990],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[156,156992,26114,156993,11793],{},[15,156994,2007],{},[156,156996,123446,156997,156999],{},[15,156998,2007],{}," is documented in Python",[38,157001,1919],{"id":1918},[461,157003,157005],{"id":157004},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,157007,133,157008,157011],{},[15,157009,157010],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[461,157013,12792,157015,149045],{"id":157014},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,157016,2007],{},[20,157018,46450,157019,157021],{},[15,157020,2007],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[461,157023,157025],{"id":157024},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,157027,157028,157029,242],{},"The length is ",[15,157030,207],{},[461,157032,157034],{"id":157033},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,157036,150731,157037,157039],{},[15,157038,150734],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[461,157041,12792,157043,157045],{"id":157042},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,157044,2007],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,157047,157048],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[38,157050,1986],{"id":1985},[153,157052,157053,157059,157063,157067,157071],{},[156,157054,157055],{},[236,157056,13,157057,1999],{"href":2004},[15,157058,2007],{},[156,157060,157061],{},[236,157062,155960],{"href":147871},[156,157064,157065],{},[236,157066,149541],{"href":149540},[156,157068,157069],{},[236,157070,150785],{"href":150784},[156,157072,157073],{},[236,157074,157075],{"href":149171},"What is a tuple in Python",[2029,157077,157078],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":157080},[157081,157082,157083,157090,157096,157105,157111,157112,157121],{"id":15253,"depth":93,"text":15254},{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":155448,"depth":93,"text":157084,"children":157085},"What len() returns for a tuple",[157086,157087,157088,157089],{"id":155460,"depth":115,"text":155461},{"id":155527,"depth":115,"text":155528},{"id":155572,"depth":115,"text":155573},{"id":155621,"depth":115,"text":155622},{"id":155710,"depth":93,"text":155711,"children":157091},[157092,157093,157094,157095],{"id":155714,"depth":115,"text":155715},{"id":155789,"depth":115,"text":155528},{"id":155831,"depth":115,"text":155832},{"id":155965,"depth":115,"text":155966},{"id":156049,"depth":93,"text":156050,"children":157097},[157098,157100,157102,157103],{"id":156053,"depth":115,"text":157099},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":156191,"depth":115,"text":157101},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":156267,"depth":115,"text":156268},{"id":156402,"depth":115,"text":157104},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156530,"depth":93,"text":156531,"children":157106},[157107,157108,157109,157110],{"id":156539,"depth":115,"text":156540},{"id":156612,"depth":115,"text":156613},{"id":156693,"depth":115,"text":156694},{"id":156781,"depth":115,"text":156782},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":157113},[157114,157115,157117,157118,157119],{"id":157004,"depth":115,"text":157005},{"id":157014,"depth":115,"text":157116},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":157024,"depth":115,"text":157025},{"id":157033,"depth":115,"text":157034},{"id":157042,"depth":115,"text":157120},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":155232,"description":157122},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":157129,"title":157130,"body":157131,"description":159516,"extension":2083,"meta":159517,"navigation":296,"path":159518,"seo":159519,"stem":159520,"__hash__":159521},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":157132,"toc":159477},[157133,157136,157139,157142,157165,157171,157173,157284,157288,157291,157301,157303,157402,157404,157481,157487,157491,157494,157517,157520,157537,157540,157542,157605,157607,157624,157635,157640,157642,157645,157651,157702,157704,157724,157728,157779,157781,157802,157806,157861,157863,157884,157888,157943,157945,157966,157970,158023,158025,158054,158056,158058,158061,158065,158122,158124,158145,158149,158202,158204,158229,158234,158238,158243,158261,158264,158327,158329,158350,158353,158414,158416,158437,158440,158483,158486,158490,158495,158499,158578,158580,158611,158615,158690,158692,158719,158723,158770,158772,158780,158785,158789,158792,158807,158809,158897,158899,158924,158927,158970,158979,158981,158984,158999,159002,159006,159060,159062,159082,159087,159091,159093,159131,159134,159184,159188,159261,159263,159300,159303,159305,159308,159328,159331,159400,159402,159415,159417,159421,159424,159428,159431,159436,159439,159445,159450,159452,159474],[10,157134,157130],{"id":157135},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,157137,157138],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,157140,157141],{},"Use this format:",[43,157143,157145],{"className":45,"code":157144,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157146,157147],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157148,157149,157151,157153,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157150,49036],{"class":58},[52,157152,3994],{"class":66},[52,157154,35],{"class":58},[52,157156,1772],{"class":66},[52,157158,75500],{"class":58},[52,157160,1772],{"class":66},[52,157162,75503],{"class":58},[52,157164,90],{"class":66},[20,157166,2100,157167,75536,157169,242],{},[15,157168,75500],{},[3842,157170,65145],{},[38,157172,41],{"id":40},[43,157174,157176],{"className":45,"code":157175,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157177,157178,157206,157210,157231,157248,157265],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157179,157180,157182,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192,157194,157196,157198,157200,157202,157204],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157181,59],{"class":58},[52,157183,63],{"class":62},[52,157185,9321],{"class":66},[52,157187,430],{"class":70},[52,157189,74],{"class":66},[52,157191,7874],{"class":70},[52,157193,74],{"class":66},[52,157195,7879],{"class":70},[52,157197,74],{"class":66},[52,157199,50927],{"class":70},[52,157201,74],{"class":66},[52,157203,5174],{"class":70},[52,157205,112],{"class":66},[52,157207,157208],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,157209,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,157211,157212,157214,157216,157218,157220,157222,157224,157226,157228],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157213,118],{"class":101},[52,157215,105],{"class":66},[52,157217,109],{"class":108},[52,157219,3994],{"class":66},[52,157221,71],{"class":70},[52,157223,1772],{"class":66},[52,157225,1595],{"class":70},[52,157227,20540],{"class":66},[52,157229,157230],{"class":129},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[52,157232,157233,157235,157237,157239,157241,157243,157245],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,157234,118],{"class":101},[52,157236,105],{"class":66},[52,157238,109],{"class":108},[52,157240,75609],{"class":66},[52,157242,445],{"class":70},[52,157244,20540],{"class":66},[52,157246,157247],{"class":129},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[52,157249,157250,157252,157254,157256,157258,157260,157262],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,157251,118],{"class":101},[52,157253,105],{"class":66},[52,157255,109],{"class":108},[52,157257,74196],{"class":66},[52,157259,440],{"class":70},[52,157261,20540],{"class":66},[52,157263,157264],{"class":129},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[52,157266,157267,157269,157271,157273,157275,157277,157279,157281],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,157268,118],{"class":101},[52,157270,105],{"class":66},[52,157272,109],{"class":108},[52,157274,74196],{"class":66},[52,157276,2142],{"class":62},[52,157278,71],{"class":70},[52,157280,20540],{"class":66},[52,157282,157283],{"class":129},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[38,157285,157287],{"id":157286},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,157289,157290],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[153,157292,157293,157295,157298],{},[156,157294,75803],{},[156,157296,157297],{},"The result is a new tuple",[156,157299,157300],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,157302,2324],{},[43,157304,157306],{"className":45,"code":157305,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,157307,157308,157356,157360,157378,157382,157392],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157309,157310,157312,157314,157316,157318,157320,157322,157324,157326,157328,157330,157332,157334,157336,157338,157340,157342,157344,157346,157348,157350,157352,157354],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157311,1387],{"class":58},[52,157313,63],{"class":62},[52,157315,9321],{"class":66},[52,157317,757],{"class":756},[52,157319,236],{"class":760},[52,157321,757],{"class":756},[52,157323,74],{"class":66},[52,157325,768],{"class":756},[52,157327,4853],{"class":760},[52,157329,757],{"class":756},[52,157331,74],{"class":66},[52,157333,768],{"class":756},[52,157335,9825],{"class":760},[52,157337,757],{"class":756},[52,157339,74],{"class":66},[52,157341,768],{"class":756},[52,157343,18861],{"class":760},[52,157345,757],{"class":756},[52,157347,74],{"class":66},[52,157349,768],{"class":756},[52,157351,60526],{"class":760},[52,157353,757],{"class":756},[52,157355,112],{"class":66},[52,157357,157358],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,157359,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,157361,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370,157372,157374,157376],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157363,75733],{"class":58},[52,157365,63],{"class":62},[52,157367,70170],{"class":58},[52,157369,3994],{"class":66},[52,157371,71],{"class":70},[52,157373,1772],{"class":66},[52,157375,1595],{"class":70},[52,157377,90],{"class":66},[52,157379,157380],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,157381,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,157383,157384,157386,157388,157390],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,157385,118],{"class":101},[52,157387,105],{"class":66},[52,157389,75756],{"class":108},[52,157391,112],{"class":66},[52,157393,157394,157396,157398,157400],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,157395,118],{"class":101},[52,157397,105],{"class":66},[52,157399,1458],{"class":108},[52,157401,112],{"class":66},[20,157403,311],{},[43,157405,157407],{"className":45,"code":157406,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,157408,157409,157437],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157410,157411,157413,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429,157431,157433,157435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157412,105],{"class":66},[52,157414,3406],{"class":756},[52,157416,4853],{"class":760},[52,157418,3406],{"class":756},[52,157420,74],{"class":66},[52,157422,3401],{"class":756},[52,157424,9825],{"class":760},[52,157426,3406],{"class":756},[52,157428,74],{"class":66},[52,157430,3401],{"class":756},[52,157432,18861],{"class":760},[52,157434,3406],{"class":756},[52,157436,112],{"class":66},[52,157438,157439,157441,157443,157445,157447,157449,157451,157453,157455,157457,157459,157461,157463,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,157440,105],{"class":66},[52,157442,3406],{"class":756},[52,157444,236],{"class":760},[52,157446,3406],{"class":756},[52,157448,74],{"class":66},[52,157450,3401],{"class":756},[52,157452,4853],{"class":760},[52,157454,3406],{"class":756},[52,157456,74],{"class":66},[52,157458,3401],{"class":756},[52,157460,9825],{"class":760},[52,157462,3406],{"class":756},[52,157464,74],{"class":66},[52,157466,3401],{"class":756},[52,157468,18861],{"class":760},[52,157470,3406],{"class":756},[52,157472,74],{"class":66},[52,157474,3401],{"class":756},[52,157476,60526],{"class":760},[52,157478,3406],{"class":756},[52,157480,112],{"class":66},[20,157482,157483,157484,242],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[236,157485,147868],{"href":157486},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[38,157488,157490],{"id":157489},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157492,157493],{},"The full syntax is:",[43,157495,157497],{"className":45,"code":157496,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157498,157499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157500,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511,157513,157515],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157502,147886],{"class":58},[52,157504,3994],{"class":66},[52,157506,35],{"class":58},[52,157508,1772],{"class":66},[52,157510,75500],{"class":58},[52,157512,1772],{"class":66},[52,157514,75503],{"class":58},[52,157516,90],{"class":66},[20,157518,157519],{},"Each part has a job:",[153,157521,157522,157527,157532],{},[156,157523,157524,157526],{},[15,157525,35],{},": where slicing begins",[156,157528,157529,157531],{},[15,157530,75500],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[156,157533,157534,157536],{},[15,157535,75503],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157538,157539],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157541,2324],{},[43,157543,157545],{"className":45,"code":157544,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157546,157547,157579,157583],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157548,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571,157573,157575,157577],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157550,59],{"class":58},[52,157552,63],{"class":62},[52,157554,9321],{"class":66},[52,157556,430],{"class":70},[52,157558,74],{"class":66},[52,157560,7874],{"class":70},[52,157562,74],{"class":66},[52,157564,7879],{"class":70},[52,157566,74],{"class":66},[52,157568,50927],{"class":70},[52,157570,74],{"class":66},[52,157572,5174],{"class":70},[52,157574,74],{"class":66},[52,157576,76173],{"class":70},[52,157578,112],{"class":66},[52,157580,157581],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,157582,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,157584,157585,157587,157589,157591,157593,157595,157597,157599,157601,157603],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157586,118],{"class":101},[52,157588,105],{"class":66},[52,157590,109],{"class":108},[52,157592,3994],{"class":66},[52,157594,71],{"class":70},[52,157596,1772],{"class":66},[52,157598,265],{"class":70},[52,157600,1772],{"class":66},[52,157602,440],{"class":70},[52,157604,1858],{"class":66},[20,157606,311],{},[43,157608,157610],{"className":45,"code":157609,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157611,157612],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157613,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157615,105],{"class":66},[52,157617,15846],{"class":70},[52,157619,74],{"class":66},[52,157621,50927],{"class":70},[52,157623,112],{"class":66},[20,157625,157626,157627,157629,157630,157632,157633,242],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157628,71],{},", stops before index ",[15,157631,265],{},", and moves by ",[15,157634,440],{},[20,157636,157637,157638,242],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[236,157639,149541],{"href":152967},[38,157641,76090],{"id":76089},[20,157643,157644],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[461,157646,157648,157649,6053],{"id":157647},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157650,1441],{},[43,157652,157654],{"className":45,"code":157653,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157655,157656,157684,157688],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157657,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670,157672,157674,157676,157678,157680,157682],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157659,59],{"class":58},[52,157661,63],{"class":62},[52,157663,9321],{"class":66},[52,157665,430],{"class":70},[52,157667,74],{"class":66},[52,157669,7874],{"class":70},[52,157671,74],{"class":66},[52,157673,7879],{"class":70},[52,157675,74],{"class":66},[52,157677,50927],{"class":70},[52,157679,74],{"class":66},[52,157681,5174],{"class":70},[52,157683,112],{"class":66},[52,157685,157686],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,157687,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,157689,157690,157692,157694,157696,157698,157700],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157691,118],{"class":101},[52,157693,105],{"class":66},[52,157695,109],{"class":108},[52,157697,75609],{"class":66},[52,157699,445],{"class":70},[52,157701,1858],{"class":66},[20,157703,311],{},[43,157705,157706],{"className":45,"code":151233,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,157707,157708],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157709,157710,157712,157714,157716,157718,157720,157722],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157711,105],{"class":66},[52,157713,430],{"class":70},[52,157715,74],{"class":66},[52,157717,7874],{"class":70},[52,157719,74],{"class":66},[52,157721,7879],{"class":70},[52,157723,112],{"class":66},[461,157725,157727],{"id":157726},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[43,157729,157731],{"className":45,"code":157730,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157732,157733,157761,157765],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157734,157735,157737,157739,157741,157743,157745,157747,157749,157751,157753,157755,157757,157759],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157736,59],{"class":58},[52,157738,63],{"class":62},[52,157740,9321],{"class":66},[52,157742,430],{"class":70},[52,157744,74],{"class":66},[52,157746,7874],{"class":70},[52,157748,74],{"class":66},[52,157750,7879],{"class":70},[52,157752,74],{"class":66},[52,157754,50927],{"class":70},[52,157756,74],{"class":66},[52,157758,5174],{"class":70},[52,157760,112],{"class":66},[52,157762,157763],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,157764,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,157766,157767,157769,157771,157773,157775,157777],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157768,118],{"class":101},[52,157770,105],{"class":66},[52,157772,109],{"class":108},[52,157774,3994],{"class":66},[52,157776,440],{"class":70},[52,157778,77789],{"class":66},[20,157780,311],{},[43,157782,157784],{"className":45,"code":157783,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157785,157786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157787,157788,157790,157792,157794,157796,157798,157800],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157789,105],{"class":66},[52,157791,36935],{"class":70},[52,157793,74],{"class":66},[52,157795,50927],{"class":70},[52,157797,74],{"class":66},[52,157799,5174],{"class":70},[52,157801,112],{"class":66},[461,157803,157805],{"id":157804},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[43,157807,157809],{"className":45,"code":157808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157810,157811,157839,157843],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157812,157813,157815,157817,157819,157821,157823,157825,157827,157829,157831,157833,157835,157837],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157814,59],{"class":58},[52,157816,63],{"class":62},[52,157818,9321],{"class":66},[52,157820,430],{"class":70},[52,157822,74],{"class":66},[52,157824,7874],{"class":70},[52,157826,74],{"class":66},[52,157828,7879],{"class":70},[52,157830,74],{"class":66},[52,157832,50927],{"class":70},[52,157834,74],{"class":66},[52,157836,5174],{"class":70},[52,157838,112],{"class":66},[52,157840,157841],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,157842,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,157844,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157846,118],{"class":101},[52,157848,105],{"class":66},[52,157850,109],{"class":108},[52,157852,3994],{"class":66},[52,157854,71],{"class":70},[52,157856,1772],{"class":66},[52,157858,1595],{"class":70},[52,157860,1858],{"class":66},[20,157862,311],{},[43,157864,157866],{"className":45,"code":157865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157867,157868],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157869,157870,157872,157874,157876,157878,157880,157882],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157871,105],{"class":66},[52,157873,15846],{"class":70},[52,157875,74],{"class":66},[52,157877,7879],{"class":70},[52,157879,74],{"class":66},[52,157881,50927],{"class":70},[52,157883,112],{"class":66},[461,157885,157887],{"id":157886},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[43,157889,157891],{"className":45,"code":157890,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157892,157893,157925,157929],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157894,157895,157897,157899,157901,157903,157905,157907,157909,157911,157913,157915,157917,157919,157921,157923],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157896,59],{"class":58},[52,157898,63],{"class":62},[52,157900,9321],{"class":66},[52,157902,430],{"class":70},[52,157904,74],{"class":66},[52,157906,7874],{"class":70},[52,157908,74],{"class":66},[52,157910,7879],{"class":70},[52,157912,74],{"class":66},[52,157914,50927],{"class":70},[52,157916,74],{"class":66},[52,157918,5174],{"class":70},[52,157920,74],{"class":66},[52,157922,76173],{"class":70},[52,157924,112],{"class":66},[52,157926,157927],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,157928,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,157930,157931,157933,157935,157937,157939,157941],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,157932,118],{"class":101},[52,157934,105],{"class":66},[52,157936,109],{"class":108},[52,157938,74196],{"class":66},[52,157940,440],{"class":70},[52,157942,1858],{"class":66},[20,157944,311],{},[43,157946,157948],{"className":45,"code":157947,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157949,157950],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157951,157952,157954,157956,157958,157960,157962,157964],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157953,105],{"class":66},[52,157955,430],{"class":70},[52,157957,74],{"class":66},[52,157959,7879],{"class":70},[52,157961,74],{"class":66},[52,157963,5174],{"class":70},[52,157965,112],{"class":66},[461,157967,157969],{"id":157968},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[43,157971,157973],{"className":45,"code":157972,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157974,157975,158003,158007],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,157976,157977,157979,157981,157983,157985,157987,157989,157991,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,157978,59],{"class":58},[52,157980,63],{"class":62},[52,157982,9321],{"class":66},[52,157984,430],{"class":70},[52,157986,74],{"class":66},[52,157988,7874],{"class":70},[52,157990,74],{"class":66},[52,157992,7879],{"class":70},[52,157994,74],{"class":66},[52,157996,50927],{"class":70},[52,157998,74],{"class":66},[52,158000,5174],{"class":70},[52,158002,112],{"class":66},[52,158004,158005],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158006,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158008,158009,158011,158013,158015,158017,158019,158021],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158010,118],{"class":101},[52,158012,105],{"class":66},[52,158014,109],{"class":108},[52,158016,74196],{"class":66},[52,158018,2142],{"class":62},[52,158020,71],{"class":70},[52,158022,1858],{"class":66},[20,158024,311],{},[43,158026,158028],{"className":45,"code":158027,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,158029,158030],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158031,158032,158034,158036,158038,158040,158042,158044,158046,158048,158050,158052],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158033,105],{"class":66},[52,158035,76867],{"class":70},[52,158037,74],{"class":66},[52,158039,50927],{"class":70},[52,158041,74],{"class":66},[52,158043,7879],{"class":70},[52,158045,74],{"class":66},[52,158047,7874],{"class":70},[52,158049,74],{"class":66},[52,158051,270],{"class":70},[52,158053,112],{"class":66},[38,158055,76383],{"id":76382},[20,158057,154240],{},[20,158059,158060],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[461,158062,158064],{"id":158063},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[43,158066,158068],{"className":45,"code":158067,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,158069,158070,158102,158106],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158071,158072,158074,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096,158098,158100],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158073,59],{"class":58},[52,158075,63],{"class":62},[52,158077,9321],{"class":66},[52,158079,430],{"class":70},[52,158081,74],{"class":66},[52,158083,7874],{"class":70},[52,158085,74],{"class":66},[52,158087,7879],{"class":70},[52,158089,74],{"class":66},[52,158091,50927],{"class":70},[52,158093,74],{"class":66},[52,158095,5174],{"class":70},[52,158097,74],{"class":66},[52,158099,76173],{"class":70},[52,158101,112],{"class":66},[52,158103,158104],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158105,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158107,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118,158120],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158109,118],{"class":101},[52,158111,105],{"class":66},[52,158113,109],{"class":108},[52,158115,3994],{"class":66},[52,158117,2142],{"class":62},[52,158119,445],{"class":70},[52,158121,77789],{"class":66},[20,158123,311],{},[43,158125,158127],{"className":45,"code":158126,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,158128,158129],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158130,158131,158133,158135,158137,158139,158141,158143],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158132,105],{"class":66},[52,158134,56772],{"class":70},[52,158136,74],{"class":66},[52,158138,5174],{"class":70},[52,158140,74],{"class":66},[52,158142,76173],{"class":70},[52,158144,112],{"class":66},[461,158146,158148],{"id":158147},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[43,158150,158152],{"className":45,"code":158151,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,158153,158154,158182,158186],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158155,158156,158158,158160,158162,158164,158166,158168,158170,158172,158174,158176,158178,158180],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158157,59],{"class":58},[52,158159,63],{"class":62},[52,158161,9321],{"class":66},[52,158163,430],{"class":70},[52,158165,74],{"class":66},[52,158167,7874],{"class":70},[52,158169,74],{"class":66},[52,158171,7879],{"class":70},[52,158173,74],{"class":66},[52,158175,50927],{"class":70},[52,158177,74],{"class":66},[52,158179,5174],{"class":70},[52,158181,112],{"class":66},[52,158183,158184],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158185,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158187,158188,158190,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158189,118],{"class":101},[52,158191,105],{"class":66},[52,158193,109],{"class":108},[52,158195,75609],{"class":66},[52,158197,2142],{"class":62},[52,158199,71],{"class":70},[52,158201,1858],{"class":66},[20,158203,311],{},[43,158205,158207],{"className":45,"code":158206,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158208,158209],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158210,158211,158213,158215,158217,158219,158221,158223,158225,158227],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158212,105],{"class":66},[52,158214,430],{"class":70},[52,158216,74],{"class":66},[52,158218,7874],{"class":70},[52,158220,74],{"class":66},[52,158222,7879],{"class":70},[52,158224,74],{"class":66},[52,158226,50927],{"class":70},[52,158228,112],{"class":66},[20,158230,158231,158232,242],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[236,158233,150790],{"href":157124},[38,158235,158237],{"id":158236},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,158239,2100,158240,158242],{},[15,158241,75503],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[153,158244,158245,158247,158249,158255],{},[156,158246,76639],{},[156,158248,76642],{},[156,158250,158251,158254],{},[15,158252,158253],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[156,158256,158257,158258,158260],{},"A step of ",[15,158259,207],{}," is not allowed",[20,158262,158263],{},"Example with a positive step:",[43,158265,158267],{"className":45,"code":158266,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,158268,158269,158301,158305],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158270,158271,158273,158275,158277,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287,158289,158291,158293,158295,158297,158299],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158272,59],{"class":58},[52,158274,63],{"class":62},[52,158276,9321],{"class":66},[52,158278,430],{"class":70},[52,158280,74],{"class":66},[52,158282,7874],{"class":70},[52,158284,74],{"class":66},[52,158286,7879],{"class":70},[52,158288,74],{"class":66},[52,158290,50927],{"class":70},[52,158292,74],{"class":66},[52,158294,5174],{"class":70},[52,158296,74],{"class":66},[52,158298,76173],{"class":70},[52,158300,112],{"class":66},[52,158302,158303],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158304,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158306,158307,158309,158311,158313,158315,158317,158319,158321,158323,158325],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158308,118],{"class":101},[52,158310,105],{"class":66},[52,158312,109],{"class":108},[52,158314,3994],{"class":66},[52,158316,71],{"class":70},[52,158318,1772],{"class":66},[52,158320,80667],{"class":70},[52,158322,1772],{"class":66},[52,158324,440],{"class":70},[52,158326,1858],{"class":66},[20,158328,311],{},[43,158330,158332],{"className":45,"code":158331,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,158333,158334],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158335,158336,158338,158340,158342,158344,158346,158348],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158337,105],{"class":66},[52,158339,15846],{"class":70},[52,158341,74],{"class":66},[52,158343,50927],{"class":70},[52,158345,74],{"class":66},[52,158347,76173],{"class":70},[52,158349,112],{"class":66},[20,158351,158352],{},"Example with a negative step:",[43,158354,158356],{"className":45,"code":158355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,158357,158358,158386,158390],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158359,158360,158362,158364,158366,158368,158370,158372,158374,158376,158378,158380,158382,158384],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158361,59],{"class":58},[52,158363,63],{"class":62},[52,158365,9321],{"class":66},[52,158367,430],{"class":70},[52,158369,74],{"class":66},[52,158371,7874],{"class":70},[52,158373,74],{"class":66},[52,158375,7879],{"class":70},[52,158377,74],{"class":66},[52,158379,50927],{"class":70},[52,158381,74],{"class":66},[52,158383,5174],{"class":70},[52,158385,112],{"class":66},[52,158387,158388],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158389,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158391,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402,158404,158406,158408,158410,158412],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158393,118],{"class":101},[52,158395,105],{"class":66},[52,158397,109],{"class":108},[52,158399,3994],{"class":66},[52,158401,1595],{"class":70},[52,158403,1772],{"class":66},[52,158405,71],{"class":70},[52,158407,1772],{"class":66},[52,158409,2142],{"class":62},[52,158411,71],{"class":70},[52,158413,1858],{"class":66},[20,158415,311],{},[43,158417,158419],{"className":45,"code":158418,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,158420,158421],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158422,158423,158425,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158424,105],{"class":66},[52,158426,76867],{"class":70},[52,158428,74],{"class":66},[52,158430,50927],{"class":70},[52,158432,74],{"class":66},[52,158434,7879],{"class":70},[52,158436,112],{"class":66},[20,158438,158439],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[43,158441,158443],{"className":45,"code":158442,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158444,158445,158465,158469],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158446,158447,158449,158451,158453,158455,158457,158459,158461,158463],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158448,59],{"class":58},[52,158450,63],{"class":62},[52,158452,9321],{"class":66},[52,158454,430],{"class":70},[52,158456,74],{"class":66},[52,158458,7874],{"class":70},[52,158460,74],{"class":66},[52,158462,7879],{"class":70},[52,158464,112],{"class":66},[52,158466,158467],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158468,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158470,158471,158473,158475,158477,158479,158481],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158472,118],{"class":101},[52,158474,105],{"class":66},[52,158476,109],{"class":108},[52,158478,74196],{"class":66},[52,158480,207],{"class":70},[52,158482,1858],{"class":66},[20,158484,158485],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[38,158487,158489],{"id":158488},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158491,158492,158493,33838],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3842,158494,49036],{},[461,158496,158498],{"id":158497},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[43,158500,158502],{"className":45,"code":158501,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158503,158504,158528,158532,158550,158554,158564],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158505,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520,158522,158524,158526],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158507,59],{"class":58},[52,158509,63],{"class":62},[52,158511,9321],{"class":66},[52,158513,430],{"class":70},[52,158515,74],{"class":66},[52,158517,7874],{"class":70},[52,158519,74],{"class":66},[52,158521,7879],{"class":70},[52,158523,74],{"class":66},[52,158525,50927],{"class":70},[52,158527,112],{"class":66},[52,158529,158530],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158531,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158533,158534,158536,158538,158540,158542,158544,158546,158548],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158535,2347],{"class":58},[52,158537,63],{"class":62},[52,158539,1686],{"class":58},[52,158541,3994],{"class":66},[52,158543,71],{"class":70},[52,158545,1772],{"class":66},[52,158547,445],{"class":70},[52,158549,90],{"class":66},[52,158551,158552],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,158553,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158555,158556,158558,158560,158562],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,158557,118],{"class":101},[52,158559,105],{"class":66},[52,158561,2382],{"class":108},[52,158563,112],{"class":66},[52,158565,158566,158568,158570,158572,158574,158576],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,158567,118],{"class":101},[52,158569,105],{"class":66},[52,158571,1827],{"class":1184},[52,158573,105],{"class":66},[52,158575,2382],{"class":108},[52,158577,510],{"class":66},[20,158579,311],{},[43,158581,158583],{"className":45,"code":158582,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158584,158585,158597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158586,158587,158589,158591,158593,158595],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158588,105],{"class":66},[52,158590,15846],{"class":70},[52,158592,74],{"class":66},[52,158594,7879],{"class":70},[52,158596,112],{"class":66},[52,158598,158599,158601,158603,158605,158607,158609],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158600,3395],{"class":62},[52,158602,3398],{"class":2184},[52,158604,3401],{"class":756},[52,158606,49036],{"class":760},[52,158608,3406],{"class":756},[52,158610,3409],{"class":62},[461,158612,158614],{"id":158613},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[43,158616,158618],{"className":45,"code":158617,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158619,158620,158640,158644,158662,158666,158676],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158621,158622,158624,158626,158628,158630,158632,158634,158636,158638],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158623,59],{"class":58},[52,158625,63],{"class":62},[52,158627,9321],{"class":66},[52,158629,430],{"class":70},[52,158631,74],{"class":66},[52,158633,7874],{"class":70},[52,158635,74],{"class":66},[52,158637,7879],{"class":70},[52,158639,112],{"class":66},[52,158641,158642],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158643,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158645,158646,158648,158650,158652,158654,158656,158658,158660],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158647,2347],{"class":58},[52,158649,63],{"class":62},[52,158651,1686],{"class":58},[52,158653,3994],{"class":66},[52,158655,71],{"class":70},[52,158657,1772],{"class":66},[52,158659,440],{"class":70},[52,158661,90],{"class":66},[52,158663,158664],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,158665,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158667,158668,158670,158672,158674],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,158669,118],{"class":101},[52,158671,105],{"class":66},[52,158673,2382],{"class":108},[52,158675,112],{"class":66},[52,158677,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,158679,118],{"class":101},[52,158681,105],{"class":66},[52,158683,1827],{"class":1184},[52,158685,105],{"class":66},[52,158687,2382],{"class":108},[52,158689,510],{"class":66},[20,158691,311],{},[43,158693,158695],{"className":45,"code":158694,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158696,158697,158705],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158698,158699,158701,158703],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158700,105],{"class":66},[52,158702,15846],{"class":70},[52,158704,149224],{"class":66},[52,158706,158707,158709,158711,158713,158715,158717],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158708,3395],{"class":62},[52,158710,3398],{"class":2184},[52,158712,3401],{"class":756},[52,158714,49036],{"class":760},[52,158716,3406],{"class":756},[52,158718,3409],{"class":62},[461,158720,158722],{"id":158721},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[43,158724,158726],{"className":45,"code":158725,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158727,158728,158748,158752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158729,158730,158732,158734,158736,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158731,59],{"class":58},[52,158733,63],{"class":62},[52,158735,9321],{"class":66},[52,158737,430],{"class":70},[52,158739,74],{"class":66},[52,158741,7874],{"class":70},[52,158743,74],{"class":66},[52,158745,7879],{"class":70},[52,158747,112],{"class":66},[52,158749,158750],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158751,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158753,158754,158756,158758,158760,158762,158764,158766,158768],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158755,118],{"class":101},[52,158757,105],{"class":66},[52,158759,109],{"class":108},[52,158761,3994],{"class":66},[52,158763,265],{"class":70},[52,158765,1772],{"class":66},[52,158767,2463],{"class":70},[52,158769,1858],{"class":66},[20,158771,311],{},[43,158773,158774],{"className":45,"code":8729,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,158775,158776],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158777,158778],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158779,8729],{"class":66},[20,158781,158782,158783,242],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[236,158784,155960],{"href":150847},[38,158786,158788],{"id":158787},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158790,158791],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[153,158793,158794,158796,158799,158804],{},[156,158795,76948],{},[156,158797,158798],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[156,158800,158801,158802],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158803,70805],{},[156,158805,158806],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158808,2324],{},[43,158810,158812],{"className":45,"code":158811,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158813,158814,158834,158838,158855,158876],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158815,158816,158818,158820,158822,158824,158826,158828,158830,158832],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158817,59],{"class":58},[52,158819,63],{"class":62},[52,158821,9321],{"class":66},[52,158823,430],{"class":70},[52,158825,74],{"class":66},[52,158827,7874],{"class":70},[52,158829,74],{"class":66},[52,158831,7879],{"class":70},[52,158833,112],{"class":66},[52,158835,158836],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158837,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158839,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848,158850,158852],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158841,118],{"class":101},[52,158843,105],{"class":66},[52,158845,109],{"class":108},[52,158847,3994],{"class":66},[52,158849,71],{"class":70},[52,158851,20540],{"class":66},[52,158853,158854],{"class":129},"    # one item\n",[52,158856,158857,158859,158861,158863,158865,158867,158869,158871,158873],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,158858,118],{"class":101},[52,158860,105],{"class":66},[52,158862,109],{"class":108},[52,158864,3994],{"class":66},[52,158866,71],{"class":70},[52,158868,1772],{"class":66},[52,158870,265],{"class":70},[52,158872,20540],{"class":66},[52,158874,158875],{"class":129},"  # slice\n",[52,158877,158878,158880,158882,158884,158886,158888,158890,158892,158894],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,158879,118],{"class":101},[52,158881,105],{"class":66},[52,158883,109],{"class":108},[52,158885,3994],{"class":66},[52,158887,265],{"class":70},[52,158889,1772],{"class":66},[52,158891,2463],{"class":70},[52,158893,20540],{"class":66},[52,158895,158896],{"class":129},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158898,311],{},[43,158900,158902],{"className":45,"code":158901,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158903,158904,158908,158920],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158905,158906],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158907,71298],{"class":70},[52,158909,158910,158912,158914,158916,158918],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158911,105],{"class":66},[52,158913,15846],{"class":70},[52,158915,74],{"class":66},[52,158917,7879],{"class":70},[52,158919,112],{"class":66},[52,158921,158922],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158923,8729],{"class":66},[20,158925,158926],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[43,158928,158930],{"className":45,"code":158929,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158931,158932,158952,158956],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,158933,158934,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,158935,59],{"class":58},[52,158937,63],{"class":62},[52,158939,9321],{"class":66},[52,158941,430],{"class":70},[52,158943,74],{"class":66},[52,158945,7874],{"class":70},[52,158947,74],{"class":66},[52,158949,7879],{"class":70},[52,158951,112],{"class":66},[52,158953,158954],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,158955,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,158959,118],{"class":101},[52,158961,105],{"class":66},[52,158963,109],{"class":108},[52,158965,3994],{"class":66},[52,158967,265],{"class":70},[52,158969,1858],{"class":66},[20,158971,158972,158973,158975,158976,242],{},"This raises an ",[15,158974,70805],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[236,158977,154713],{"href":158978},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[38,158980,15268],{"id":77215},[20,158982,158983],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[153,158985,158986,158989,158991,158994],{},[156,158987,158988],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[156,158990,60768],{},[156,158992,158993],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[156,158995,158996,158997],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158998,207],{},[20,159000,159001],{},"Here are a few examples.",[461,159003,159005],{"id":159004},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[43,159007,159008],{"className":45,"code":157808,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159009,159010,159038,159042],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159011,159012,159014,159016,159018,159020,159022,159024,159026,159028,159030,159032,159034,159036],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159013,59],{"class":58},[52,159015,63],{"class":62},[52,159017,9321],{"class":66},[52,159019,430],{"class":70},[52,159021,74],{"class":66},[52,159023,7874],{"class":70},[52,159025,74],{"class":66},[52,159027,7879],{"class":70},[52,159029,74],{"class":66},[52,159031,50927],{"class":70},[52,159033,74],{"class":66},[52,159035,5174],{"class":70},[52,159037,112],{"class":66},[52,159039,159040],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159041,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,159043,159044,159046,159048,159050,159052,159054,159056,159058],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159045,118],{"class":101},[52,159047,105],{"class":66},[52,159049,109],{"class":108},[52,159051,3994],{"class":66},[52,159053,71],{"class":70},[52,159055,1772],{"class":66},[52,159057,1595],{"class":70},[52,159059,1858],{"class":66},[20,159061,311],{},[43,159063,159064],{"className":45,"code":157865,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159065,159066],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159067,159068,159070,159072,159074,159076,159078,159080],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159069,105],{"class":66},[52,159071,15846],{"class":70},[52,159073,74],{"class":66},[52,159075,7879],{"class":70},[52,159077,74],{"class":66},[52,159079,50927],{"class":70},[52,159081,112],{"class":66},[20,159083,132479,159084,159086],{},[15,159085,1595],{}," is not included.",[461,159088,159090],{"id":159089},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,159092,1005],{},[43,159094,159096],{"className":45,"code":159095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,159097,159098,159122,159126],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159099,159100,159102,159104,159106,159108,159110,159112,159114,159116,159118,159120],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159101,59],{"class":58},[52,159103,63],{"class":62},[52,159105,9321],{"class":66},[52,159107,430],{"class":70},[52,159109,74],{"class":66},[52,159111,7874],{"class":70},[52,159113,74],{"class":66},[52,159115,7879],{"class":70},[52,159117,74],{"class":66},[52,159119,50927],{"class":70},[52,159121,112],{"class":66},[52,159123,159124],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159125,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,159127,159128],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159129,159130],{"class":129},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,159132,159133],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[43,159135,159136],{"className":45,"code":154793,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159137,159138,159162,159166],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159139,159140,159142,159144,159146,159148,159150,159152,159154,159156,159158,159160],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159141,59],{"class":58},[52,159143,63],{"class":62},[52,159145,9321],{"class":66},[52,159147,430],{"class":70},[52,159149,74],{"class":66},[52,159151,7874],{"class":70},[52,159153,74],{"class":66},[52,159155,7879],{"class":70},[52,159157,74],{"class":66},[52,159159,50927],{"class":70},[52,159161,112],{"class":66},[52,159163,159164],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159165,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,159167,159168,159170,159172,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159169,118],{"class":101},[52,159171,105],{"class":66},[52,159173,109],{"class":108},[52,159175,3994],{"class":66},[52,159177,71],{"class":70},[52,159179,1772],{"class":66},[52,159181,445],{"class":70},[52,159183,1858],{"class":66},[461,159185,159187],{"id":159186},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[43,159189,159191],{"className":45,"code":159190,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,159192,159193,159217,159221,159236,159240,159251],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159194,159195,159197,159199,159201,159203,159205,159207,159209,159211,159213,159215],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159196,59],{"class":58},[52,159198,63],{"class":62},[52,159200,9321],{"class":66},[52,159202,430],{"class":70},[52,159204,74],{"class":66},[52,159206,7874],{"class":70},[52,159208,74],{"class":66},[52,159210,7879],{"class":70},[52,159212,74],{"class":66},[52,159214,50927],{"class":70},[52,159216,112],{"class":66},[52,159218,159219],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159220,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,159222,159223,159226,159228,159230,159232,159234],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159224,159225],{"class":58},"slice_result ",[52,159227,63],{"class":62},[52,159229,1686],{"class":58},[52,159231,75609],{"class":66},[52,159233,440],{"class":70},[52,159235,90],{"class":66},[52,159237,159238],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,159239,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,159241,159242,159244,159246,159249],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,159243,118],{"class":101},[52,159245,105],{"class":66},[52,159247,159248],{"class":108},"slice_result",[52,159250,112],{"class":66},[52,159252,159253,159255,159257,159259],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,159254,118],{"class":101},[52,159256,105],{"class":66},[52,159258,109],{"class":108},[52,159260,112],{"class":66},[20,159262,311],{},[43,159264,159266],{"className":45,"code":159265,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,159267,159268,159280],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159269,159270,159272,159274,159276,159278],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159271,105],{"class":66},[52,159273,430],{"class":70},[52,159275,74],{"class":66},[52,159277,7874],{"class":70},[52,159279,112],{"class":66},[52,159281,159282,159284,159286,159288,159290,159292,159294,159296,159298],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159283,105],{"class":66},[52,159285,430],{"class":70},[52,159287,74],{"class":66},[52,159289,7874],{"class":70},[52,159291,74],{"class":66},[52,159293,7879],{"class":70},[52,159295,74],{"class":66},[52,159297,50927],{"class":70},[52,159299,112],{"class":66},[20,159301,159302],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[38,159304,113794],{"id":113793},[20,159306,159307],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[153,159309,159310,159313,159316,159322,159325],{},[156,159311,159312],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[156,159314,159315],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[156,159317,159318,159319],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,159320,159321],{},"tuple[::0]",[156,159323,159324],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[156,159326,159327],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,159329,159330],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[43,159332,159334],{"className":45,"code":159333,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,159335,159336,159346,159364,159386],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159337,159338,159340,159342,159344],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159339,118],{"class":101},[52,159341,105],{"class":66},[52,159343,147886],{"class":108},[52,159345,112],{"class":66},[52,159347,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358,159360,159362],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159349,118],{"class":101},[52,159351,105],{"class":66},[52,159353,147886],{"class":108},[52,159355,3994],{"class":66},[52,159357,71],{"class":70},[52,159359,1772],{"class":66},[52,159361,1595],{"class":70},[52,159363,1858],{"class":66},[52,159365,159366,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378,159380,159382,159384],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159367,118],{"class":101},[52,159369,105],{"class":66},[52,159371,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159373,105],{"class":66},[52,159375,147886],{"class":108},[52,159377,3994],{"class":66},[52,159379,71],{"class":70},[52,159381,1772],{"class":66},[52,159383,1595],{"class":70},[52,159385,1063],{"class":66},[52,159387,159388,159390,159392,159394,159396,159398],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,159389,118],{"class":101},[52,159391,105],{"class":66},[52,159393,11250],{"class":101},[52,159395,105],{"class":66},[52,159397,147886],{"class":108},[52,159399,510],{"class":66},[20,159401,11259],{},[153,159403,159404,159406,159409,159412],{},[156,159405,155100],{},[156,159407,159408],{},"what the slice actually returns",[156,159410,159411],{},"that the result is a tuple",[156,159413,159414],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[38,159416,1919],{"id":1918},[461,159418,159420],{"id":159419},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,159422,159423],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[461,159425,159427],{"id":159426},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,159429,159430],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[461,159432,1923,159434,40053],{"id":159433},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159435,158253],{},[20,159437,159438],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[461,159440,159442,159443,1963],{"id":159441},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159444,70805],{},[20,159446,159447,159448,242],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159449,70805],{},[38,159451,1986],{"id":1985},[153,159453,159454,159458,159462,159466,159470],{},[156,159455,159456],{},[236,159457,155960],{"href":150847},[156,159459,159460],{},[236,159461,149541],{"href":152967},[156,159463,159464],{},[236,159465,150790],{"href":157124},[156,159467,159468],{},[236,159469,147868],{"href":157486},[156,159471,159472],{},[236,159473,154713],{"href":158978},[2029,159475,159476],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: 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var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":159478},[159479,159480,159481,159482,159490,159494,159495,159500,159501,159506,159507,159515],{"id":40,"depth":93,"text":41},{"id":157286,"depth":93,"text":157287},{"id":157489,"depth":93,"text":157490},{"id":76089,"depth":93,"text":76090,"children":159483},[159484,159486,159487,159488,159489],{"id":157647,"depth":115,"text":159485},"Get the first n items",{"id":157726,"depth":115,"text":157727},{"id":157804,"depth":115,"text":157805},{"id":157886,"depth":115,"text":157887},{"id":157968,"depth":115,"text":157969},{"id":76382,"depth":93,"text":76383,"children":159491},[159492,159493],{"id":158063,"depth":115,"text":158064},{"id":158147,"depth":115,"text":158148},{"id":158236,"depth":93,"text":158237},{"id":158488,"depth":93,"text":158489,"children":159496},[159497,159498,159499],{"id":158497,"depth":115,"text":158498},{"id":158613,"depth":115,"text":158614},{"id":158721,"depth":115,"text":158722},{"id":158787,"depth":93,"text":158788},{"id":77215,"depth":93,"text":15268,"children":159502},[159503,159504,159505],{"id":159004,"depth":115,"text":159005},{"id":159089,"depth":115,"text":159090},{"id":159186,"depth":115,"text":159187},{"id":113793,"depth":93,"text":113794},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":159508},[159509,159510,159511,159513],{"id":159419,"depth":115,"text":159420},{"id":159426,"depth":115,"text":159427},{"id":159433,"depth":115,"text":159512},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159441,"depth":115,"text":159514},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":157130,"description":159516},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159523,"title":159524,"body":159525,"description":161348,"extension":2083,"meta":161349,"navigation":296,"path":34906,"seo":161350,"stem":161351,"__hash__":161352},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159526,"toc":161314},[159527,159532,159537,159541,159559,159562,159577,159583,159585,159642,159644,159676,159688,159694,159699,159702,159737,159743,159745,159748,159762,159765,159767,159790,159792,159810,159813,159829,159831,159834,159947,159949,160038,160041,160046,160052,160055,160058,160157,160159,160218,160223,160226,160295,160299,160331,160347,160352,160359,160366,160378,160380,160429,160431,160454,160460,160508,160513,160520,160528,160534,160537,160561,160564,160566,160642,160644,160669,160675,160678,160683,160687,160701,160703,160766,160768,160800,160803,160819,160821,160827,160834,160836,160855,160857,160875,160882,160887,160894,160896,160933,160936,160943,160947,160950,161008,161011,161014,161069,161071,161083,161089,161091,161095,161128,161135,161137,161200,161203,161205,161210,161224,161231,161239,161248,161257,161263,161269,161271,161311],[10,159528,13,159530,18],{"id":159529},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159531,2420],{},[20,159533,32413,159534,159536],{},[15,159535,2420],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159538,62843,159539,104639],{},[15,159540,2420],{},[153,159542,159543,159546,159549,159552],{},[156,159544,159545],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[156,159547,159548],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[156,159550,159551],{},"debug confusing code",[156,159553,159554,159555],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[236,159556,159557],{"href":8305},[15,159558,3067],{},[20,159560,159561],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[43,159563,159565],{"className":45,"code":159564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(object)\n",[15,159566,159567],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159568,159569,159571,159573,159575],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159570,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159572,105],{"class":66},[52,159574,42482],{"class":1184},[52,159576,112],{"class":66},[20,159578,159579,159580,159582],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159581,2420],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[38,159584,3712],{"id":3711},[43,159586,159588],{"className":45,"code":159587,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159589,159590,159602,159616,159620,159628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159591,159592,159594,159596,159598,159600],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159593,7961],{"class":58},[52,159595,63],{"class":62},[52,159597,768],{"class":756},[52,159599,5097],{"class":760},[52,159601,3465],{"class":756},[52,159603,159604,159606,159608,159610,159612,159614],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159605,118],{"class":101},[52,159607,105],{"class":66},[52,159609,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159611,105],{"class":66},[52,159613,7751],{"class":108},[52,159615,510],{"class":66},[52,159617,159618],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159619,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,159621,159622,159624,159626],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,159623,2334],{"class":58},[52,159625,63],{"class":62},[52,159627,2701],{"class":70},[52,159629,159630,159632,159634,159636,159638,159640],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,159631,118],{"class":101},[52,159633,105],{"class":66},[52,159635,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159637,105],{"class":66},[52,159639,2357],{"class":108},[52,159641,510],{"class":66},[20,159643,311],{},[43,159645,159646],{"className":45,"code":125140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159647,159648,159662],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159649,159650,159652,159654,159656,159658,159660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159651,3395],{"class":62},[52,159653,3398],{"class":2184},[52,159655,3401],{"class":756},[52,159657,3550],{"class":760},[52,159659,3406],{"class":756},[52,159661,3409],{"class":62},[52,159663,159664,159666,159668,159670,159672,159674],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159665,3395],{"class":62},[52,159667,3398],{"class":2184},[52,159669,3401],{"class":756},[52,159671,1185],{"class":760},[52,159673,3406],{"class":756},[52,159675,3409],{"class":62},[20,159677,133,159678,159681,159682,652,159685,242],{},[15,159679,159680],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159683,159684],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159686,159687],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[38,159689,13085,159691,159693],{"id":159690},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159692,2420],{}," function does",[20,159695,159696,159698],{},[15,159697,2420],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159700,159701],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[153,159703,159704,159709,159714,159719,159724,159729],{},[156,159705,159706,159708],{},[15,159707,3550],{}," for text",[156,159710,159711,159713],{},[15,159712,1185],{}," for whole numbers",[156,159715,159716,159718],{},[15,159717,2308],{}," for decimal numbers",[156,159720,159721,159723],{},[15,159722,8179],{}," for lists",[156,159725,159726,159728],{},[15,159727,8908],{}," for dictionaries",[156,159730,159731,69170,159733,652,159735],{},[15,159732,3966],{},[15,159734,173],{},[15,159736,655],{},[20,159738,159739,159740,159742],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159741,2420],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[38,159744,181],{"id":180},[20,159746,159747],{},"The main beginner form is:",[43,159749,159750],{"className":45,"code":159564,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159751,159752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159753,159754,159756,159758,159760],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159755,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159757,105],{"class":66},[52,159759,42482],{"class":1184},[52,159761,112],{"class":66},[20,159763,159764],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159766,2324],{},[43,159768,159770],{"className":45,"code":159769,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159771,159772],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159773,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786,159788],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159775,118],{"class":101},[52,159777,105],{"class":66},[52,159779,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159781,105],{"class":66},[52,159783,757],{"class":756},[52,159785,761],{"class":760},[52,159787,757],{"class":756},[52,159789,510],{"class":66},[20,159791,311],{},[43,159793,159794],{"className":45,"code":45855,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,159795,159796],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159797,159798,159800,159802,159804,159806,159808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159799,3395],{"class":62},[52,159801,3398],{"class":2184},[52,159803,3401],{"class":756},[52,159805,3550],{"class":760},[52,159807,3406],{"class":756},[52,159809,3409],{"class":62},[20,159811,159812],{},"You can pass either:",[153,159814,159815,159822],{},[156,159816,159817,159818,1943,159820],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159819,64610],{},[15,159821,46611],{},[156,159823,159824,159825,1943,159827],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159826,7751],{},[15,159828,9384],{},[38,159830,121952],{"id":121951},[20,159832,159833],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[43,159835,159837],{"className":45,"code":159836,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159838,159839,159857,159871,159885,159907,159933],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159840,159841,159843,159845,159847,159849,159851,159853,159855],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159842,118],{"class":101},[52,159844,105],{"class":66},[52,159846,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159848,105],{"class":66},[52,159850,757],{"class":756},[52,159852,761],{"class":760},[52,159854,757],{"class":756},[52,159856,510],{"class":66},[52,159858,159859,159861,159863,159865,159867,159869],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159860,118],{"class":101},[52,159862,105],{"class":66},[52,159864,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159866,105],{"class":66},[52,159868,430],{"class":70},[52,159870,510],{"class":66},[52,159872,159873,159875,159877,159879,159881,159883],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159874,118],{"class":101},[52,159876,105],{"class":66},[52,159878,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159880,105],{"class":66},[52,159882,40235],{"class":70},[52,159884,510],{"class":66},[52,159886,159887,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899,159901,159903,159905],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,159888,118],{"class":101},[52,159890,105],{"class":66},[52,159892,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159894,1058],{"class":66},[52,159896,71],{"class":70},[52,159898,74],{"class":66},[52,159900,77],{"class":70},[52,159902,74],{"class":66},[52,159904,82],{"class":70},[52,159906,1063],{"class":66},[52,159908,159909,159911,159913,159915,159917,159919,159921,159923,159925,159927,159929,159931],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,159910,118],{"class":101},[52,159912,105],{"class":66},[52,159914,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159916,5618],{"class":66},[52,159918,757],{"class":756},[52,159920,7751],{"class":760},[52,159922,757],{"class":756},[52,159924,1772],{"class":66},[52,159926,768],{"class":756},[52,159928,5097],{"class":760},[52,159930,757],{"class":756},[52,159932,5627],{"class":66},[52,159934,159935,159937,159939,159941,159943,159945],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,159936,118],{"class":101},[52,159938,105],{"class":66},[52,159940,1827],{"class":1184},[52,159942,105],{"class":66},[52,159944,173],{"class":674},[52,159946,510],{"class":66},[20,159948,311],{},[43,159950,159952],{"className":45,"code":159951,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159953,159954,159968,159982,159996,160010,160024],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,159955,159956,159958,159960,159962,159964,159966],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,159957,3395],{"class":62},[52,159959,3398],{"class":2184},[52,159961,3401],{"class":756},[52,159963,3550],{"class":760},[52,159965,3406],{"class":756},[52,159967,3409],{"class":62},[52,159969,159970,159972,159974,159976,159978,159980],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,159971,3395],{"class":62},[52,159973,3398],{"class":2184},[52,159975,3401],{"class":756},[52,159977,1185],{"class":760},[52,159979,3406],{"class":756},[52,159981,3409],{"class":62},[52,159983,159984,159986,159988,159990,159992,159994],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,159985,3395],{"class":62},[52,159987,3398],{"class":2184},[52,159989,3401],{"class":756},[52,159991,2308],{"class":760},[52,159993,3406],{"class":756},[52,159995,3409],{"class":62},[52,159997,159998,160000,160002,160004,160006,160008],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,159999,3395],{"class":62},[52,160001,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160003,3401],{"class":756},[52,160005,8179],{"class":760},[52,160007,3406],{"class":756},[52,160009,3409],{"class":62},[52,160011,160012,160014,160016,160018,160020,160022],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,160013,3395],{"class":62},[52,160015,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160017,3401],{"class":756},[52,160019,8908],{"class":760},[52,160021,3406],{"class":756},[52,160023,3409],{"class":62},[52,160025,160026,160028,160030,160032,160034,160036],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,160027,3395],{"class":62},[52,160029,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160031,3401],{"class":756},[52,160033,3966],{"class":760},[52,160035,3406],{"class":756},[52,160037,3409],{"class":62},[20,160039,160040],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,160042,160043,160044,242],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[236,160045,44882],{"href":49061},[38,160047,1372,160049,160051],{"id":160048},"using-type-with-variables",[15,160050,2420],{}," with variables",[20,160053,160054],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,160056,160057],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[43,160059,160061],{"className":45,"code":160060,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,160062,160063,160071,160089,160093,160105,160123,160127,160139],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160064,160065,160067,160069],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160066,2563],{"class":58},[52,160068,63],{"class":62},[52,160070,2701],{"class":70},[52,160072,160073,160075,160077,160079,160081,160083,160085,160087],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160074,118],{"class":101},[52,160076,105],{"class":66},[52,160078,2588],{"class":108},[52,160080,74],{"class":66},[52,160082,49473],{"class":1184},[52,160084,105],{"class":66},[52,160086,2588],{"class":108},[52,160088,510],{"class":66},[52,160090,160091],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160092,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,160094,160095,160097,160099,160101,160103],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,160096,2563],{"class":58},[52,160098,63],{"class":62},[52,160100,768],{"class":756},[52,160102,45992],{"class":760},[52,160104,3465],{"class":756},[52,160106,160107,160109,160111,160113,160115,160117,160119,160121],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,160108,118],{"class":101},[52,160110,105],{"class":66},[52,160112,2588],{"class":108},[52,160114,74],{"class":66},[52,160116,49473],{"class":1184},[52,160118,105],{"class":66},[52,160120,2588],{"class":108},[52,160122,510],{"class":66},[52,160124,160125],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,160126,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,160128,160129,160131,160133,160135,160137],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,160130,2563],{"class":58},[52,160132,63],{"class":62},[52,160134,67],{"class":66},[52,160136,430],{"class":70},[52,160138,90],{"class":66},[52,160140,160141,160143,160145,160147,160149,160151,160153,160155],{"class":54,"line":6509},[52,160142,118],{"class":101},[52,160144,105],{"class":66},[52,160146,2588],{"class":108},[52,160148,74],{"class":66},[52,160150,49473],{"class":1184},[52,160152,105],{"class":66},[52,160154,2588],{"class":108},[52,160156,510],{"class":66},[20,160158,311],{},[43,160160,160162],{"className":45,"code":160161,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,160163,160164,160181,160198],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160165,160166,160168,160171,160173,160175,160177,160179],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160167,430],{"class":70},[52,160169,160170],{"class":62}," \u003C",[52,160172,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160174,3401],{"class":756},[52,160176,1185],{"class":760},[52,160178,3406],{"class":756},[52,160180,3409],{"class":62},[52,160182,160183,160186,160188,160190,160192,160194,160196],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160184,160185],{"class":58},"ten ",[52,160187,3395],{"class":62},[52,160189,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160191,3401],{"class":756},[52,160193,3550],{"class":760},[52,160195,3406],{"class":756},[52,160197,3409],{"class":62},[52,160199,160200,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210,160212,160214,160216],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160201,3994],{"class":66},[52,160203,430],{"class":70},[52,160205,13363],{"class":66},[52,160207,160170],{"class":62},[52,160209,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160211,3401],{"class":756},[52,160213,8179],{"class":760},[52,160215,3406],{"class":756},[52,160217,3409],{"class":62},[20,160219,160220,160222],{},[15,160221,2420],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,160224,160225],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[43,160227,160229],{"className":45,"code":160228,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,160230,160231,160249,160263,160267,160281],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160232,160233,160235,160237,160239,160241,160243,160245,160247],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160234,3498],{"class":58},[52,160236,63],{"class":62},[52,160238,8328],{"class":101},[52,160240,105],{"class":66},[52,160242,757],{"class":756},[52,160244,41957],{"class":760},[52,160246,757],{"class":756},[52,160248,112],{"class":66},[52,160250,160251,160253,160255,160257,160259,160261],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160252,118],{"class":101},[52,160254,105],{"class":66},[52,160256,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160258,105],{"class":66},[52,160260,3524],{"class":108},[52,160262,510],{"class":66},[52,160264,160265],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160266,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,160268,160269,160271,160273,160275,160277,160279],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,160270,123064],{"class":58},[52,160272,63],{"class":62},[52,160274,45361],{"class":1184},[52,160276,105],{"class":66},[52,160278,3524],{"class":108},[52,160280,112],{"class":66},[52,160282,160283,160285,160287,160289,160291,160293],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,160284,118],{"class":101},[52,160286,105],{"class":66},[52,160288,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160290,105],{"class":66},[52,160292,123087],{"class":108},[52,160294,510],{"class":66},[20,160296,41211,160297,41215],{},[15,160298,9278],{},[43,160300,160301],{"className":45,"code":125140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160302,160303,160317],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160304,160305,160307,160309,160311,160313,160315],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160306,3395],{"class":62},[52,160308,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160310,3401],{"class":756},[52,160312,3550],{"class":760},[52,160314,3406],{"class":756},[52,160316,3409],{"class":62},[52,160318,160319,160321,160323,160325,160327,160329],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160320,3395],{"class":62},[52,160322,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160324,3401],{"class":756},[52,160326,1185],{"class":760},[52,160328,3406],{"class":756},[52,160330,3409],{"class":62},[20,160332,45788,160333,160337,160338,1943,160342,160346],{},[236,160334,160335],{"href":8305},[15,160336,3067],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[236,160339,160340],{"href":2986},[15,160341,2989],{},[236,160343,160344],{"href":2992},[15,160345,2995],{}," if you need a number.",[20,160348,160349,160350,242],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[236,160351,9067],{"href":9066},[38,160353,160355,10672,160357],{"id":160354},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,160356,2420],{},[15,160358,44890],{},[20,160360,160361,652,160363,160365],{},[15,160362,2420],{},[15,160364,44890],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[153,160367,160368,160373],{},[156,160369,160370,160372],{},[15,160371,2420],{}," tells you the exact type",[156,160374,160375,160377],{},[15,160376,44890],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,160379,2324],{},[43,160381,160383],{"className":45,"code":160382,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160384,160385,160393,160397,160411],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160386,160387,160389,160391],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160388,2563],{"class":58},[52,160390,63],{"class":62},[52,160392,34940],{"class":70},[52,160394,160395],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160396,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,160398,160399,160401,160403,160405,160407,160409],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160400,118],{"class":101},[52,160402,105],{"class":66},[52,160404,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160406,105],{"class":66},[52,160408,2588],{"class":108},[52,160410,510],{"class":66},[52,160412,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421,160423,160425,160427],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,160414,118],{"class":101},[52,160416,105],{"class":66},[52,160418,48958],{"class":101},[52,160420,105],{"class":66},[52,160422,2588],{"class":108},[52,160424,74],{"class":66},[52,160426,45361],{"class":1184},[52,160428,510],{"class":66},[20,160430,311],{},[43,160432,160434],{"className":45,"code":160433,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160435,160436,160450],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160437,160438,160440,160442,160444,160446,160448],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160439,3395],{"class":62},[52,160441,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160443,3401],{"class":756},[52,160445,1185],{"class":760},[52,160447,3406],{"class":756},[52,160449,3409],{"class":62},[52,160451,160452],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160453,4072],{"class":674},[20,160455,160456,160457,160459],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160458,44890],{}," is more practical.",[43,160461,160463],{"className":45,"code":160462,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160464,160465,160473,160477,160493],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160466,160467,160469,160471],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160468,2563],{"class":58},[52,160470,63],{"class":62},[52,160472,34940],{"class":70},[52,160474,160475],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160476,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,160478,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487,160489,160491],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160480,7079],{"class":1195},[52,160482,49696],{"class":101},[52,160484,105],{"class":66},[52,160486,2588],{"class":108},[52,160488,74],{"class":66},[52,160490,45361],{"class":1184},[52,160492,8428],{"class":66},[52,160494,160495,160497,160499,160501,160504,160506],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,160496,8154],{"class":101},[52,160498,105],{"class":66},[52,160500,757],{"class":756},[52,160502,160503],{"class":760},"This is an integer",[52,160505,757],{"class":756},[52,160507,112],{"class":66},[20,160509,133,160510,160512],{},[15,160511,2420],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160514,133,160515,160517,160518,7254],{},[15,160516,44890],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160519,7079],{},[20,160521,160522,160523,242],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[236,160524,13,160526,1999],{"href":160525},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160527,44890],{},[38,160529,160531,160532],{"id":160530},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160533,2420],{},[20,160535,160536],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[43,160538,160540],{"className":45,"code":160539,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160541,160542],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160543,160544,160546,160548,160550,160552,160555,160557,160559],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160545,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160547,105],{"class":66},[52,160549,7751],{"class":108},[52,160551,74],{"class":66},[52,160553,160554],{"class":108}," bases",[52,160556,74],{"class":66},[52,160558,9256],{"class":1184},[52,160560,112],{"class":66},[20,160562,160563],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160565,2324],{},[43,160567,160569],{"className":45,"code":160568,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160570,160571,160614,160618,160628],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160572,160573,160576,160578,160580,160582,160584,160587,160589,160591,160594,160596,160598,160601,160603,160605,160607,160610,160612],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160574,160575],{"class":58},"Person ",[52,160577,63],{"class":62},[52,160579,49473],{"class":1184},[52,160581,105],{"class":66},[52,160583,757],{"class":756},[52,160585,160586],{"class":760},"Person",[52,160588,757],{"class":756},[52,160590,74],{"class":66},[52,160592,160593],{"class":66}," (),",[52,160595,10577],{"class":66},[52,160597,757],{"class":756},[52,160599,160600],{"class":760},"species",[52,160602,757],{"class":756},[52,160604,1772],{"class":66},[52,160606,768],{"class":756},[52,160608,160609],{"class":760},"human",[52,160611,757],{"class":756},[52,160613,30591],{"class":66},[52,160615,160616],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160617,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,160619,160620,160622,160624,160626],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160621,118],{"class":101},[52,160623,105],{"class":66},[52,160625,160586],{"class":108},[52,160627,112],{"class":66},[52,160629,160630,160632,160634,160636,160638,160640],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,160631,118],{"class":101},[52,160633,105],{"class":66},[52,160635,160586],{"class":108},[52,160637,242],{"class":66},[52,160639,160600],{"class":24845},[52,160641,112],{"class":66},[20,160643,311],{},[43,160645,160647],{"className":45,"code":160646,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160648,160649,160664],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160650,160651,160653,160655,160657,160660,160662],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160652,3395],{"class":62},[52,160654,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160656,3401],{"class":756},[52,160658,160659],{"class":760},"__main__.Person",[52,160661,3406],{"class":756},[52,160663,3409],{"class":62},[52,160665,160666],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160667,160668],{"class":58},"human\n",[20,160670,160671,160672,160674],{},"Most beginners do ",[3842,160673,4722],{}," need this form.",[20,160676,160677],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[38,160679,5054,160681],{"id":160680},"when-to-use-type",[15,160682,2420],{},[20,160684,160685,12532],{},[15,160686,2420],{},[153,160688,160689,160692,160695,160698],{},[156,160690,160691],{},"debug unexpected values",[156,160693,160694],{},"check what a conversion produced",[156,160696,160697],{},"learn Python data types",[156,160699,160700],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160702,932],{},[43,160704,160706],{"className":45,"code":160705,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160707,160708,160720,160734,160738,160752],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160709,160710,160712,160714,160716,160718],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160711,34785],{"class":58},[52,160713,63],{"class":62},[52,160715,768],{"class":756},[52,160717,50329],{"class":760},[52,160719,3465],{"class":756},[52,160721,160722,160724,160726,160728,160730,160732],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160723,2334],{"class":58},[52,160725,63],{"class":62},[52,160727,45361],{"class":1184},[52,160729,105],{"class":66},[52,160731,34806],{"class":108},[52,160733,112],{"class":66},[52,160735,160736],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160737,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,160739,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748,160750],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,160741,118],{"class":101},[52,160743,105],{"class":66},[52,160745,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160747,105],{"class":66},[52,160749,34806],{"class":108},[52,160751,510],{"class":66},[52,160753,160754,160756,160758,160760,160762,160764],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,160755,118],{"class":101},[52,160757,105],{"class":66},[52,160759,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160761,105],{"class":66},[52,160763,2357],{"class":108},[52,160765,510],{"class":66},[20,160767,311],{},[43,160769,160770],{"className":45,"code":125140,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160771,160772,160786],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160773,160774,160776,160778,160780,160782,160784],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160775,3395],{"class":62},[52,160777,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160779,3401],{"class":756},[52,160781,3550],{"class":760},[52,160783,3406],{"class":756},[52,160785,3409],{"class":62},[52,160787,160788,160790,160792,160794,160796,160798],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160789,3395],{"class":62},[52,160791,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160793,3401],{"class":756},[52,160795,1185],{"class":760},[52,160797,3406],{"class":756},[52,160799,3409],{"class":62},[20,160801,160802],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160804,160805,160806,2305,160810,17165,160814,160818],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[236,160807,160808],{"href":859},[15,160809,862],{},[236,160811,160812],{"href":2986},[15,160813,2989],{},[236,160815,160816],{"href":2992},[15,160817,2995],{}," are often the next step.",[38,160820,25452],{"id":25451},[20,160822,160823,160824,160826],{},"A few things about ",[15,160825,2420],{}," often confuse beginners.",[461,160828,160830,160833],{"id":160829},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160831,160832],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160835,64719],{},[43,160837,160839],{"className":45,"code":160838,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160840,160841],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160842,160843,160845,160847,160849,160851,160853],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160844,118],{"class":101},[52,160846,105],{"class":66},[52,160848,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160850,105],{"class":66},[52,160852,265],{"class":70},[52,160854,510],{"class":66},[20,160856,122983],{},[43,160858,160859],{"className":45,"code":156308,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,160860,160861],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160862,160863,160865,160867,160869,160871,160873],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160864,3395],{"class":62},[52,160866,3398],{"class":2184},[52,160868,3401],{"class":756},[52,160870,1185],{"class":760},[52,160872,3406],{"class":756},[52,160874,3409],{"class":62},[20,160876,40996,160877,160879,160880,242],{},[3842,160878,4722],{}," print just ",[15,160881,1185],{},[20,160883,6758,160884,160886],{},[15,160885,2420],{}," returns a class object.",[461,160888,160890,2514,160892],{"id":160889},"input-returns-str",[15,160891,3067],{},[15,160893,3550],{},[20,160895,79615],{},[43,160897,160899],{"className":45,"code":160898,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160900,160901,160919],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160902,160903,160905,160907,160909,160911,160913,160915,160917],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160904,2563],{"class":58},[52,160906,63],{"class":62},[52,160908,8328],{"class":101},[52,160910,105],{"class":66},[52,160912,757],{"class":756},[52,160914,46395],{"class":760},[52,160916,757],{"class":756},[52,160918,112],{"class":66},[52,160920,160921,160923,160925,160927,160929,160931],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160922,118],{"class":101},[52,160924,105],{"class":66},[52,160926,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160928,105],{"class":66},[52,160930,2588],{"class":108},[52,160932,510],{"class":66},[20,160934,160935],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160937,160938,160939,1943,160941,242],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160940,2989],{},[15,160942,2995],{},[461,160944,160946],{"id":160945},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160948,160949],{},"Avoid code like this:",[43,160951,160953],{"className":45,"code":160952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160954,160955,160963,160967,160993],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,160956,160957,160959,160961],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,160958,2563],{"class":58},[52,160960,63],{"class":62},[52,160962,34940],{"class":70},[52,160964,160965],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,160966,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,160968,160969,160971,160973,160975,160977,160979,160981,160983,160985,160987,160989,160991],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,160970,7079],{"class":1195},[52,160972,48987],{"class":1184},[52,160974,105],{"class":66},[52,160976,1827],{"class":1184},[52,160978,105],{"class":66},[52,160980,2588],{"class":108},[52,160982,5450],{"class":66},[52,160984,6492],{"class":62},[52,160986,768],{"class":756},[52,160988,159687],{"class":760},[52,160990,757],{"class":756},[52,160992,1689],{"class":66},[52,160994,160995,160997,160999,161001,161004,161006],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,160996,8154],{"class":101},[52,160998,105],{"class":66},[52,161000,757],{"class":756},[52,161002,161003],{"class":760},"It is an int",[52,161005,757],{"class":756},[52,161007,112],{"class":66},[20,161009,161010],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,161012,161013],{},"Better options:",[43,161015,161017],{"className":45,"code":161016,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,161018,161019,161027,161031,161051],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161020,161021,161023,161025],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161022,2563],{"class":58},[52,161024,63],{"class":62},[52,161026,34940],{"class":70},[52,161028,161029],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,161030,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,161032,161033,161035,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047,161049],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161034,118],{"class":101},[52,161036,105],{"class":66},[52,161038,1827],{"class":1184},[52,161040,105],{"class":66},[52,161042,2588],{"class":108},[52,161044,126],{"class":66},[52,161046,6492],{"class":62},[52,161048,45361],{"class":1184},[52,161050,112],{"class":66},[52,161052,161053,161055,161057,161059,161061,161063,161065,161067],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,161054,118],{"class":101},[52,161056,105],{"class":66},[52,161058,48958],{"class":101},[52,161060,105],{"class":66},[52,161062,2588],{"class":108},[52,161064,74],{"class":66},[52,161066,45361],{"class":1184},[52,161068,510],{"class":66},[20,161070,311],{},[43,161072,161073],{"className":45,"code":4596,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,161074,161075,161079],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161076,161077],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161078,4072],{"class":674},[52,161080,161081],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,161082,4072],{"class":674},[20,161084,161085,161086,161088],{},"In most real code, ",[15,161087,44890],{}," is the more useful check.",[38,161090,1766],{"id":1765},[20,161092,14824,161093,1772],{},[15,161094,2420],{},[153,161096,161097,161107,161116,161125],{},[156,161098,1372,161099,161101,161102,161106],{},[15,161100,2420],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[236,161103,161104],{"href":8305},[15,161105,3067],{}," always returns a string",[156,161108,8538,161109,161111,161112,11180,161114],{},[15,161110,2420],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,161113,1185],{},[15,161115,159687],{},[156,161117,1372,161118,44714,161121,161124],{},[15,161119,161120],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,161122,161123],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[156,161126,161127],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,161129,161130,161131,242],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[236,161132,161134],{"href":161133},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,161136,144642],{},[43,161138,161140],{"className":45,"code":161139,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,161141,161142,161156,161166,161180,161190],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161143,161144,161146,161148,161150,161152,161154],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161145,118],{"class":101},[52,161147,105],{"class":66},[52,161149,1827],{"class":1184},[52,161151,105],{"class":66},[52,161153,2588],{"class":108},[52,161155,510],{"class":66},[52,161157,161158,161160,161162,161164],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,161159,118],{"class":101},[52,161161,105],{"class":66},[52,161163,2588],{"class":108},[52,161165,112],{"class":66},[52,161167,161168,161170,161172,161174,161176,161178],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161169,118],{"class":101},[52,161171,105],{"class":66},[52,161173,41865],{"class":101},[52,161175,105],{"class":66},[52,161177,2588],{"class":108},[52,161179,510],{"class":66},[52,161181,161182,161184,161186,161188],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,161183,32248],{"class":101},[52,161185,105],{"class":66},[52,161187,1827],{"class":1184},[52,161189,112],{"class":66},[52,161191,161192,161194,161196,161198],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,161193,34469],{"class":101},[52,161195,105],{"class":66},[52,161197,2588],{"class":108},[52,161199,112],{"class":66},[20,161201,161202],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[38,161204,1919],{"id":1918},[461,161206,1923,161208,1926],{"id":161207},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,161209,2420],{},[20,161211,161212,161213,2305,161215,2305,161217,2309,161219,161221,161222,242],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,161214,3550],{},[15,161216,1185],{},[15,161218,8179],{},[15,161220,8908],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,161223,159684],{},[461,161225,14994,161227,57285,161229,1963],{"id":161226},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,161228,2420],{},[15,161230,44890],{},[20,161232,46450,161233,161235,161236,161238],{},[15,161234,2420],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,161237,44890],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[461,161240,1973,161242,161245,161246,1963],{"id":161241},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,161243,161244],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,161247,3550],{},[20,161249,29156,161250,161252,161253,1943,161255,160346],{},[15,161251,3067],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,161254,2989],{},[15,161256,2995],{},[461,161258,1933,161260,161262],{"id":161259},"can-type-create-classes",[15,161261,2420],{}," create classes?",[20,161264,161265,161266,242],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,161267,161268],{},"type(object)",[38,161270,1986],{"id":1985},[153,161272,161273,161277,161283,161289,161293,161299,161305],{},[156,161274,161275],{},[236,161276,44882],{"href":49061},[156,161278,161279],{},[236,161280,13,161281,1999],{"href":160525},[15,161282,44890],{},[156,161284,161285],{},[236,161286,13,161287,1999],{"href":8305},[15,161288,3067],{},[156,161290,161291],{},[236,161292,9144],{"href":9066},[156,161294,161295],{},[236,161296,13,161297,1999],{"href":2986},[15,161298,2989],{},[156,161300,161301],{},[236,161302,13,161303,1999],{"href":2992},[15,161304,2995],{},[156,161306,161307],{},[236,161308,13,161309,1999],{"href":859},[15,161310,862],{},[2029,161312,161313],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: 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.skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":48,"searchDepth":93,"depth":93,"links":161315},[161316,161317,161319,161320,161321,161323,161325,161327,161329,161336,161337,161347],{"id":3711,"depth":93,"text":3712},{"id":159690,"depth":93,"text":161318},"What the type() function does",{"id":180,"depth":93,"text":181},{"id":121951,"depth":93,"text":121952},{"id":160048,"depth":93,"text":161322},"Using type() with variables",{"id":160354,"depth":93,"text":161324},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160530,"depth":93,"text":161326},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160680,"depth":93,"text":161328},"When to use type()",{"id":25451,"depth":93,"text":25452,"children":161330},[161331,161333,161335],{"id":160829,"depth":115,"text":161332},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160889,"depth":115,"text":161334},"input() returns str",{"id":160945,"depth":115,"text":160946},{"id":1765,"depth":93,"text":1766},{"id":1918,"depth":93,"text":1919,"children":161338},[161339,161341,161343,161345],{"id":161207,"depth":115,"text":161340},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":161226,"depth":115,"text":161342},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":161241,"depth":115,"text":161344},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":161259,"depth":115,"text":161346},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1985,"depth":93,"text":1986},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159524,"description":161348},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":161354,"title":161355,"body":161356,"description":163835,"extension":2083,"meta":163836,"navigation":296,"path":163837,"seo":163838,"stem":163839,"__hash__":163840},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":161357,"toc":163792},[161358,161363,161368,161377,161379,161479,161481,161506,161511,161516,161532,161535,161537,161539,161564,161567,161570,161653,161655,161704,161707,161829,161831,161904,161908,161911,162025,162027,162053,162055,162076,162081,162085,162090,162093,162197,162199,162216,162225,162228,162315,162317,162328,162333,162339,162344,162350,162353,162446,162448,162497,162503,162506,162607,162609,162662,162667,162671,162674,162773,162775,162814,162817,162822,162824,162829,162833,162946,162950,163047,163051,163139,163141,163158,163162,163285,163291,163297,163303,163308,163311,163338,163342,163344,163438,163441,163445,163448,163535,163538,163573,163575,163612,163615,163623,163628,163633,163707,163714,163716,163721,163724,163730,163733,163739,163744,163750,163755,163759,163762,163764,163789],[10,161359,13,161361,18],{"id":161360},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,161362,64395],{},[20,161364,161365,161367],{},[15,161366,64395],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,161369,161370,161371,161373,161374,161376],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,161372,64395],{}," inside a ",[15,161375,1678],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[38,161378,41],{"id":40},[43,161380,161382],{"className":45,"code":161381,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161383,161384,161416,161436,161440,161465],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161385,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161396,161398,161400,161402,161404,161406,161408,161410,161412,161414],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161387,5088],{"class":58},[52,161389,63],{"class":62},[52,161391,67],{"class":66},[52,161393,757],{"class":756},[52,161395,12969],{"class":760},[52,161397,757],{"class":756},[52,161399,74],{"class":66},[52,161401,768],{"class":756},[52,161403,36040],{"class":760},[52,161405,757],{"class":756},[52,161407,74],{"class":66},[52,161409,768],{"class":756},[52,161411,36049],{"class":760},[52,161413,757],{"class":756},[52,161415,90],{"class":66},[52,161417,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,161419,5157],{"class":58},[52,161421,63],{"class":62},[52,161423,67],{"class":66},[52,161425,13592],{"class":70},[52,161427,74],{"class":66},[52,161429,13597],{"class":70},[52,161431,74],{"class":66},[52,161433,29015],{"class":70},[52,161435,90],{"class":66},[52,161437,161438],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161439,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,161441,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161455,161457,161459,161461,161463],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,161443,1678],{"class":1195},[52,161445,36091],{"class":58},[52,161447,74],{"class":66},[52,161449,5199],{"class":58},[52,161451,1202],{"class":1195},[52,161453,161454],{"class":101}," zip",[52,161456,105],{"class":66},[52,161458,5132],{"class":108},[52,161460,74],{"class":66},[52,161462,5204],{"class":108},[52,161464,8428],{"class":66},[52,161466,161467,161469,161471,161473,161475,161477],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,161468,8154],{"class":101},[52,161470,105],{"class":66},[52,161472,7751],{"class":108},[52,161474,74],{"class":66},[52,161476,130929],{"class":108},[52,161478,112],{"class":66},[20,161480,311],{},[43,161482,161484],{"className":45,"code":161483,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161485,161486,161492,161499],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161487,161488,161490],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161489,133946],{"class":58},[52,161491,33232],{"class":70},[52,161493,161494,161497],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,161495,161496],{"class":58},"Ben ",[52,161498,33237],{"class":70},[52,161500,161501,161504],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161502,161503],{"class":58},"Cara ",[52,161505,33242],{"class":70},[20,161507,133,161508,161510],{},[15,161509,64395],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[38,161512,140,161514,143],{"id":161513},"what-zip-does",[15,161515,64395],{},[153,161517,161518,161523,161526,161529],{},[156,161519,161520,161522],{},[15,161521,64395],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[156,161524,161525],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[156,161527,161528],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[156,161530,161531],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161533,161534],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[38,161536,181],{"id":180},[20,161538,7300],{},[43,161540,161542],{"className":45,"code":161541,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161543,161544],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161545,161546,161548,161550,161553,161555,161558,161560,161562],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161547,64465],{"class":101},[52,161549,105],{"class":66},[52,161551,161552],{"class":108},"iterable1",[52,161554,74],{"class":66},[52,161556,161557],{"class":108}," iterable2",[52,161559,74],{"class":66},[52,161561,34551],{"class":101},[52,161563,112],{"class":66},[20,161565,161566],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161568,161569],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[43,161571,161573],{"className":45,"code":161572,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161574,161575,161595,161627,161631],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161576,161577,161579,161581,161583,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161578,59],{"class":58},[52,161580,63],{"class":62},[52,161582,67],{"class":66},[52,161584,71],{"class":70},[52,161586,74],{"class":66},[52,161588,77],{"class":70},[52,161590,74],{"class":66},[52,161592,82],{"class":70},[52,161594,90],{"class":66},[52,161596,161597,161599,161601,161603,161605,161607,161609,161611,161613,161615,161617,161619,161621,161623,161625],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,161598,1387],{"class":58},[52,161600,63],{"class":62},[52,161602,67],{"class":66},[52,161604,757],{"class":756},[52,161606,236],{"class":760},[52,161608,757],{"class":756},[52,161610,74],{"class":66},[52,161612,768],{"class":756},[52,161614,4853],{"class":760},[52,161616,757],{"class":756},[52,161618,74],{"class":66},[52,161620,768],{"class":756},[52,161622,9825],{"class":760},[52,161624,757],{"class":756},[52,161626,90],{"class":66},[52,161628,161629],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161630,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,161632,161633,161635,161637,161639,161641,161643,161645,161647,161649,161651],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,161634,118],{"class":101},[52,161636,105],{"class":66},[52,161638,8179],{"class":1184},[52,161640,105],{"class":66},[52,161642,64465],{"class":101},[52,161644,105],{"class":66},[52,161646,109],{"class":108},[52,161648,74],{"class":66},[52,161650,70170],{"class":108},[52,161652,622],{"class":66},[20,161654,311],{},[43,161656,161658],{"className":45,"code":161657,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161659,161660],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161661,161662,161664,161666,161668,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161663,21835],{"class":66},[52,161665,71],{"class":70},[52,161667,74],{"class":66},[52,161669,3401],{"class":756},[52,161671,236],{"class":760},[52,161673,3406],{"class":756},[52,161675,9318],{"class":66},[52,161677,9321],{"class":66},[52,161679,440],{"class":70},[52,161681,74],{"class":66},[52,161683,3401],{"class":756},[52,161685,4853],{"class":760},[52,161687,3406],{"class":756},[52,161689,9318],{"class":66},[52,161691,9321],{"class":66},[52,161693,445],{"class":70},[52,161695,74],{"class":66},[52,161697,3401],{"class":756},[52,161699,9825],{"class":760},[52,161701,3406],{"class":756},[52,161703,9334],{"class":66},[20,161705,161706],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[43,161708,161710],{"className":45,"code":161709,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161711,161712,161744,161764,161798,161802],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161713,161714,161716,161718,161720,161722,161724,161726,161728,161730,161732,161734,161736,161738,161740,161742],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161715,5088],{"class":58},[52,161717,63],{"class":62},[52,161719,67],{"class":66},[52,161721,757],{"class":756},[52,161723,12969],{"class":760},[52,161725,757],{"class":756},[52,161727,74],{"class":66},[52,161729,768],{"class":756},[52,161731,36040],{"class":760},[52,161733,757],{"class":756},[52,161735,74],{"class":66},[52,161737,768],{"class":756},[52,161739,36049],{"class":760},[52,161741,757],{"class":756},[52,161743,90],{"class":66},[52,161745,161746,161748,161750,161752,161754,161756,161758,161760,161762],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,161747,5157],{"class":58},[52,161749,63],{"class":62},[52,161751,67],{"class":66},[52,161753,13592],{"class":70},[52,161755,74],{"class":66},[52,161757,13597],{"class":70},[52,161759,74],{"class":66},[52,161761,29015],{"class":70},[52,161763,90],{"class":66},[52,161765,161766,161769,161771,161773,161775,161777,161779,161781,161783,161785,161787,161789,161791,161794,161796],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161767,161768],{"class":58},"grades ",[52,161770,63],{"class":62},[52,161772,67],{"class":66},[52,161774,757],{"class":756},[52,161776,22340],{"class":760},[52,161778,757],{"class":756},[52,161780,74],{"class":66},[52,161782,768],{"class":756},[52,161784,30695],{"class":760},[52,161786,757],{"class":756},[52,161788,74],{"class":66},[52,161790,768],{"class":756},[52,161792,161793],{"class":760},"B+",[52,161795,757],{"class":756},[52,161797,90],{"class":66},[52,161799,161800],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,161801,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,161803,161804,161806,161808,161810,161812,161814,161816,161818,161820,161822,161824,161827],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,161805,118],{"class":101},[52,161807,105],{"class":66},[52,161809,8179],{"class":1184},[52,161811,105],{"class":66},[52,161813,64465],{"class":101},[52,161815,105],{"class":66},[52,161817,5132],{"class":108},[52,161819,74],{"class":66},[52,161821,5204],{"class":108},[52,161823,74],{"class":66},[52,161825,161826],{"class":108}," grades",[52,161828,622],{"class":66},[20,161830,311],{},[43,161832,161834],{"className":45,"code":161833,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161835,161836],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161837,161838,161840,161842,161844,161846,161848,161850,161852,161854,161856,161858,161860,161862,161864,161866,161868,161870,161872,161874,161876,161878,161880,161882,161884,161886,161888,161890,161892,161894,161896,161898,161900,161902],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161839,21835],{"class":66},[52,161841,3406],{"class":756},[52,161843,12969],{"class":760},[52,161845,3406],{"class":756},[52,161847,74],{"class":66},[52,161849,19992],{"class":70},[52,161851,74],{"class":66},[52,161853,3401],{"class":756},[52,161855,22340],{"class":760},[52,161857,3406],{"class":756},[52,161859,9318],{"class":66},[52,161861,9321],{"class":66},[52,161863,3406],{"class":756},[52,161865,36040],{"class":760},[52,161867,3406],{"class":756},[52,161869,74],{"class":66},[52,161871,13597],{"class":70},[52,161873,74],{"class":66},[52,161875,3401],{"class":756},[52,161877,30695],{"class":760},[52,161879,3406],{"class":756},[52,161881,9318],{"class":66},[52,161883,9321],{"class":66},[52,161885,3406],{"class":756},[52,161887,36049],{"class":760},[52,161889,3406],{"class":756},[52,161891,74],{"class":66},[52,161893,29015],{"class":70},[52,161895,74],{"class":66},[52,161897,3401],{"class":756},[52,161899,161793],{"class":760},[52,161901,3406],{"class":756},[52,161903,9334],{"class":66},[38,161905,161907],{"id":161906},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161909,161910],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[43,161912,161914],{"className":45,"code":161913,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161915,161916,161948,161968,161972,161996],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,161917,161918,161920,161922,161924,161926,161928,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,161919,5088],{"class":58},[52,161921,63],{"class":62},[52,161923,67],{"class":66},[52,161925,757],{"class":756},[52,161927,12969],{"class":760},[52,161929,757],{"class":756},[52,161931,74],{"class":66},[52,161933,768],{"class":756},[52,161935,36040],{"class":760},[52,161937,757],{"class":756},[52,161939,74],{"class":66},[52,161941,768],{"class":756},[52,161943,36049],{"class":760},[52,161945,757],{"class":756},[52,161947,90],{"class":66},[52,161949,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958,161960,161962,161964,161966],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,161951,5157],{"class":58},[52,161953,63],{"class":62},[52,161955,67],{"class":66},[52,161957,13592],{"class":70},[52,161959,74],{"class":66},[52,161961,13597],{"class":70},[52,161963,74],{"class":66},[52,161965,29015],{"class":70},[52,161967,90],{"class":66},[52,161969,161970],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,161971,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,161973,161974,161976,161978,161980,161982,161984,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,161975,1678],{"class":1195},[52,161977,36091],{"class":58},[52,161979,74],{"class":66},[52,161981,5199],{"class":58},[52,161983,1202],{"class":1195},[52,161985,161454],{"class":101},[52,161987,105],{"class":66},[52,161989,5132],{"class":108},[52,161991,74],{"class":66},[52,161993,5204],{"class":108},[52,161995,8428],{"class":66},[52,161997,161998,162000,162002,162004,162006,162008,162010,162012,162015,162017,162019,162021,162023],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,161999,8154],{"class":101},[52,162001,105],{"class":66},[52,162003,22389],{"class":2184},[52,162005,757],{"class":760},[52,162007,9363],{"class":70},[52,162009,7751],{"class":108},[52,162011,22398],{"class":70},[52,162013,162014],{"class":760}," scored ",[52,162016,9363],{"class":70},[52,162018,85591],{"class":108},[52,162020,22398],{"class":70},[52,162022,757],{"class":760},[52,162024,112],{"class":66},[20,162026,311],{},[43,162028,162030],{"className":45,"code":162029,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,162031,162032,162039,162046],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162033,162034,162037],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162035,162036],{"class":58},"Ana scored ",[52,162038,33232],{"class":70},[52,162040,162041,162044],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162042,162043],{"class":58},"Ben scored ",[52,162045,33237],{"class":70},[52,162047,162048,162051],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162049,162050],{"class":58},"Cara scored ",[52,162052,33242],{"class":70},[20,162054,45015],{},[153,162056,162057,162066,162069],{},[156,162058,162059,162062,162063],{},[15,162060,162061],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,162064,162065],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[156,162067,162068],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[156,162070,162071,652,162073,162075],{},[15,162072,7751],{},[15,162074,85591],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,162077,162078,162079,242],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[236,162080,69688],{"href":69687},[38,162082,162084],{"id":162083},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,162086,162087,162089],{},[15,162088,64395],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162091,162092],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[43,162094,162096],{"className":45,"code":162095,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,162097,162098,162139,162155,162159,162183],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162099,162100,162102,162104,162106,162108,162110,162112,162114,162116,162118,162120,162122,162124,162126,162128,162130,162132,162135,162137],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162101,5088],{"class":58},[52,162103,63],{"class":62},[52,162105,67],{"class":66},[52,162107,757],{"class":756},[52,162109,12969],{"class":760},[52,162111,757],{"class":756},[52,162113,74],{"class":66},[52,162115,768],{"class":756},[52,162117,36040],{"class":760},[52,162119,757],{"class":756},[52,162121,74],{"class":66},[52,162123,768],{"class":756},[52,162125,36049],{"class":760},[52,162127,757],{"class":756},[52,162129,74],{"class":66},[52,162131,768],{"class":756},[52,162133,162134],{"class":760},"Dan",[52,162136,757],{"class":756},[52,162138,90],{"class":66},[52,162140,162141,162143,162145,162147,162149,162151,162153],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162142,5157],{"class":58},[52,162144,63],{"class":62},[52,162146,67],{"class":66},[52,162148,13592],{"class":70},[52,162150,74],{"class":66},[52,162152,13597],{"class":70},[52,162154,90],{"class":66},[52,162156,162157],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162158,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,162160,162161,162163,162165,162167,162169,162171,162173,162175,162177,162179,162181],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,162162,1678],{"class":1195},[52,162164,36091],{"class":58},[52,162166,74],{"class":66},[52,162168,5199],{"class":58},[52,162170,1202],{"class":1195},[52,162172,161454],{"class":101},[52,162174,105],{"class":66},[52,162176,5132],{"class":108},[52,162178,74],{"class":66},[52,162180,5204],{"class":108},[52,162182,8428],{"class":66},[52,162184,162185,162187,162189,162191,162193,162195],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,162186,8154],{"class":101},[52,162188,105],{"class":66},[52,162190,7751],{"class":108},[52,162192,74],{"class":66},[52,162194,130929],{"class":108},[52,162196,112],{"class":66},[20,162198,311],{},[43,162200,162202],{"className":45,"code":162201,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,162203,162204,162210],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162205,162206,162208],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162207,133946],{"class":58},[52,162209,33232],{"class":70},[52,162211,162212,162214],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162213,161496],{"class":58},[52,162215,33237],{"class":70},[20,162217,2404,162218,652,162221,162224],{},[15,162219,162220],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,162222,162223],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,162226,162227],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[43,162229,162231],{"className":45,"code":162230,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,162232,162233,162273,162289,162293],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162234,162235,162237,162239,162241,162243,162245,162247,162249,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162236,5088],{"class":58},[52,162238,63],{"class":62},[52,162240,67],{"class":66},[52,162242,757],{"class":756},[52,162244,12969],{"class":760},[52,162246,757],{"class":756},[52,162248,74],{"class":66},[52,162250,768],{"class":756},[52,162252,36040],{"class":760},[52,162254,757],{"class":756},[52,162256,74],{"class":66},[52,162258,768],{"class":756},[52,162260,36049],{"class":760},[52,162262,757],{"class":756},[52,162264,74],{"class":66},[52,162266,768],{"class":756},[52,162268,162134],{"class":760},[52,162270,757],{"class":756},[52,162272,90],{"class":66},[52,162274,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162276,5157],{"class":58},[52,162278,63],{"class":62},[52,162280,67],{"class":66},[52,162282,13592],{"class":70},[52,162284,74],{"class":66},[52,162286,13597],{"class":70},[52,162288,90],{"class":66},[52,162290,162291],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162292,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,162294,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309,162311,162313],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,162296,118],{"class":101},[52,162298,105],{"class":66},[52,162300,11250],{"class":101},[52,162302,105],{"class":66},[52,162304,5132],{"class":108},[52,162306,9318],{"class":66},[52,162308,38479],{"class":101},[52,162310,105],{"class":66},[52,162312,16481],{"class":108},[52,162314,510],{"class":66},[20,162316,311],{},[43,162318,162320],{"className":45,"code":162319,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"4 2\n",[15,162321,162322],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162323,162324,162326],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162325,1595],{"class":70},[52,162327,45674],{"class":70},[20,162329,162330,162331,242],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,162332,64395],{},[38,162334,92179,162336,162338],{"id":162335},"converting-zip-output",[15,162337,64395],{}," output",[20,162340,29156,162341,162343],{},[15,162342,64395],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[461,162345,133,162347],{"id":162346},"use-listzip",[15,162348,162349],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,162351,162352],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[43,162354,162356],{"className":45,"code":162355,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,162357,162358,162390,162410,162414,162436],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162359,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378,162380,162382,162384,162386,162388],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162361,5088],{"class":58},[52,162363,63],{"class":62},[52,162365,67],{"class":66},[52,162367,757],{"class":756},[52,162369,12969],{"class":760},[52,162371,757],{"class":756},[52,162373,74],{"class":66},[52,162375,768],{"class":756},[52,162377,36040],{"class":760},[52,162379,757],{"class":756},[52,162381,74],{"class":66},[52,162383,768],{"class":756},[52,162385,36049],{"class":760},[52,162387,757],{"class":756},[52,162389,90],{"class":66},[52,162391,162392,162394,162396,162398,162400,162402,162404,162406,162408],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162393,5157],{"class":58},[52,162395,63],{"class":62},[52,162397,67],{"class":66},[52,162399,13592],{"class":70},[52,162401,74],{"class":66},[52,162403,13597],{"class":70},[52,162405,74],{"class":66},[52,162407,29015],{"class":70},[52,162409,90],{"class":66},[52,162411,162412],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162413,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,162415,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,162417,9300],{"class":58},[52,162419,63],{"class":62},[52,162421,22655],{"class":1184},[52,162423,105],{"class":66},[52,162425,64465],{"class":101},[52,162427,105],{"class":66},[52,162429,5132],{"class":108},[52,162431,74],{"class":66},[52,162433,5204],{"class":108},[52,162435,510],{"class":66},[52,162437,162438,162440,162442,162444],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,162439,118],{"class":101},[52,162441,105],{"class":66},[52,162443,9347],{"class":108},[52,162445,112],{"class":66},[20,162447,311],{},[43,162449,162451],{"className":45,"code":162450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162452,162453],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162454,162455,162457,162459,162461,162463,162465,162467,162469,162471,162473,162475,162477,162479,162481,162483,162485,162487,162489,162491,162493,162495],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162456,21835],{"class":66},[52,162458,3406],{"class":756},[52,162460,12969],{"class":760},[52,162462,3406],{"class":756},[52,162464,74],{"class":66},[52,162466,19992],{"class":70},[52,162468,9318],{"class":66},[52,162470,9321],{"class":66},[52,162472,3406],{"class":756},[52,162474,36040],{"class":760},[52,162476,3406],{"class":756},[52,162478,74],{"class":66},[52,162480,13597],{"class":70},[52,162482,9318],{"class":66},[52,162484,9321],{"class":66},[52,162486,3406],{"class":756},[52,162488,36049],{"class":760},[52,162490,3406],{"class":756},[52,162492,74],{"class":66},[52,162494,29015],{"class":70},[52,162496,9334],{"class":66},[461,162498,133,162500],{"id":162499},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162501,162502],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162504,162505],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[43,162507,162509],{"className":45,"code":162508,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162510,162511,162543,162571,162575,162597],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162512,162513,162515,162517,162519,162521,162523,162525,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162514,17335],{"class":58},[52,162516,63],{"class":62},[52,162518,67],{"class":66},[52,162520,757],{"class":756},[52,162522,7751],{"class":760},[52,162524,757],{"class":756},[52,162526,74],{"class":66},[52,162528,768],{"class":756},[52,162530,9384],{"class":760},[52,162532,757],{"class":756},[52,162534,74],{"class":66},[52,162536,768],{"class":756},[52,162538,10495],{"class":760},[52,162540,757],{"class":756},[52,162542,90],{"class":66},[52,162544,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555,162557,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162546,474],{"class":58},[52,162548,63],{"class":62},[52,162550,67],{"class":66},[52,162552,757],{"class":756},[52,162554,12969],{"class":760},[52,162556,757],{"class":756},[52,162558,74],{"class":66},[52,162560,9391],{"class":70},[52,162562,74],{"class":66},[52,162564,768],{"class":756},[52,162566,16123],{"class":760},[52,162568,757],{"class":756},[52,162570,90],{"class":66},[52,162572,162573],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162574,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,162576,162577,162579,162581,162583,162585,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,162578,13294],{"class":58},[52,162580,63],{"class":62},[52,162582,9256],{"class":1184},[52,162584,105],{"class":66},[52,162586,64465],{"class":101},[52,162588,105],{"class":66},[52,162590,17016],{"class":108},[52,162592,74],{"class":66},[52,162594,1205],{"class":108},[52,162596,510],{"class":66},[52,162598,162599,162601,162603,162605],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,162600,118],{"class":101},[52,162602,105],{"class":66},[52,162604,17400],{"class":108},[52,162606,112],{"class":66},[20,162608,311],{},[43,162610,162612],{"className":45,"code":162611,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162613,162614],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162615,162616,162618,162620,162622,162624,162626,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644,162646,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162617,9363],{"class":66},[52,162619,3406],{"class":756},[52,162621,7751],{"class":760},[52,162623,3406],{"class":756},[52,162625,1772],{"class":66},[52,162627,3401],{"class":756},[52,162629,12969],{"class":760},[52,162631,3406],{"class":756},[52,162633,74],{"class":66},[52,162635,3401],{"class":756},[52,162637,9384],{"class":760},[52,162639,3406],{"class":756},[52,162641,1772],{"class":66},[52,162643,9391],{"class":70},[52,162645,74],{"class":66},[52,162647,3401],{"class":756},[52,162649,10495],{"class":760},[52,162651,3406],{"class":756},[52,162653,1772],{"class":66},[52,162655,3401],{"class":756},[52,162657,16123],{"class":760},[52,162659,3406],{"class":756},[52,162661,9394],{"class":66},[20,162663,162664,162665,242],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[236,162666,31182],{"href":31181},[461,162668,162670],{"id":162669},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162672,162673],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[43,162675,162677],{"className":45,"code":162676,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162678,162679,162703,162719,162723,162741,162745,162759],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162680,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693,162695,162697,162699,162701],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162682,5088],{"class":58},[52,162684,63],{"class":62},[52,162686,67],{"class":66},[52,162688,757],{"class":756},[52,162690,12969],{"class":760},[52,162692,757],{"class":756},[52,162694,74],{"class":66},[52,162696,768],{"class":756},[52,162698,36040],{"class":760},[52,162700,757],{"class":756},[52,162702,90],{"class":66},[52,162704,162705,162707,162709,162711,162713,162715,162717],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162706,5157],{"class":58},[52,162708,63],{"class":62},[52,162710,67],{"class":66},[52,162712,13592],{"class":70},[52,162714,74],{"class":66},[52,162716,13597],{"class":70},[52,162718,90],{"class":66},[52,162720,162721],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162722,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,162724,162725,162727,162729,162731,162733,162735,162737,162739],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,162726,9300],{"class":58},[52,162728,63],{"class":62},[52,162730,161454],{"class":101},[52,162732,105],{"class":66},[52,162734,5132],{"class":108},[52,162736,74],{"class":66},[52,162738,5204],{"class":108},[52,162740,112],{"class":66},[52,162742,162743],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,162744,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,162746,162747,162749,162751,162753,162755,162757],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,162748,118],{"class":101},[52,162750,105],{"class":66},[52,162752,8179],{"class":1184},[52,162754,105],{"class":66},[52,162756,9347],{"class":108},[52,162758,510],{"class":66},[52,162760,162761,162763,162765,162767,162769,162771],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,162762,118],{"class":101},[52,162764,105],{"class":66},[52,162766,8179],{"class":1184},[52,162768,105],{"class":66},[52,162770,9347],{"class":108},[52,162772,510],{"class":66},[20,162774,311],{},[43,162776,162778],{"className":45,"code":162777,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162779,162780,162810],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162781,162782,162784,162786,162788,162790,162792,162794,162796,162798,162800,162802,162804,162806,162808],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162783,21835],{"class":66},[52,162785,3406],{"class":756},[52,162787,12969],{"class":760},[52,162789,3406],{"class":756},[52,162791,74],{"class":66},[52,162793,19992],{"class":70},[52,162795,9318],{"class":66},[52,162797,9321],{"class":66},[52,162799,3406],{"class":756},[52,162801,36040],{"class":760},[52,162803,3406],{"class":756},[52,162805,74],{"class":66},[52,162807,13597],{"class":70},[52,162809,9334],{"class":66},[52,162811,162812],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162813,38390],{"class":66},[20,162815,162816],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162818,162819,162820,242],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[236,162821,5230],{"href":5675},[38,162823,41136],{"id":41135},[20,162825,162826,162827,242],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162828,64395],{},[461,162830,162832],{"id":162831},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[43,162834,162836],{"className":45,"code":162835,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162837,162838,162870,162890,162894,162918],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162839,162840,162842,162844,162846,162848,162850,162852,162854,162856,162858,162860,162862,162864,162866,162868],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162841,5088],{"class":58},[52,162843,63],{"class":62},[52,162845,67],{"class":66},[52,162847,757],{"class":756},[52,162849,12969],{"class":760},[52,162851,757],{"class":756},[52,162853,74],{"class":66},[52,162855,768],{"class":756},[52,162857,36040],{"class":760},[52,162859,757],{"class":756},[52,162861,74],{"class":66},[52,162863,768],{"class":756},[52,162865,36049],{"class":760},[52,162867,757],{"class":756},[52,162869,90],{"class":66},[52,162871,162872,162874,162876,162878,162880,162882,162884,162886,162888],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162873,5157],{"class":58},[52,162875,63],{"class":62},[52,162877,67],{"class":66},[52,162879,13592],{"class":70},[52,162881,74],{"class":66},[52,162883,13597],{"class":70},[52,162885,74],{"class":66},[52,162887,29015],{"class":70},[52,162889,90],{"class":66},[52,162891,162892],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,162893,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,162895,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906,162908,162910,162912,162914,162916],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,162897,1678],{"class":1195},[52,162899,36091],{"class":58},[52,162901,74],{"class":66},[52,162903,5199],{"class":58},[52,162905,1202],{"class":1195},[52,162907,161454],{"class":101},[52,162909,105],{"class":66},[52,162911,5132],{"class":108},[52,162913,74],{"class":66},[52,162915,5204],{"class":108},[52,162917,8428],{"class":66},[52,162919,162920,162922,162924,162926,162928,162930,162932,162934,162936,162938,162940,162942,162944],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,162921,8154],{"class":101},[52,162923,105],{"class":66},[52,162925,22389],{"class":2184},[52,162927,757],{"class":760},[52,162929,9363],{"class":70},[52,162931,7751],{"class":108},[52,162933,22398],{"class":70},[52,162935,22401],{"class":760},[52,162937,9363],{"class":70},[52,162939,85591],{"class":108},[52,162941,22398],{"class":70},[52,162943,757],{"class":760},[52,162945,112],{"class":66},[461,162947,162949],{"id":162948},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[43,162951,162953],{"className":45,"code":162952,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162954,162955,162987,163011,163015,163037],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,162956,162957,162959,162961,162963,162965,162967,162969,162971,162973,162975,162977,162979,162981,162983,162985],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,162958,17335],{"class":58},[52,162960,63],{"class":62},[52,162962,67],{"class":66},[52,162964,757],{"class":756},[52,162966,12737],{"class":760},[52,162968,757],{"class":756},[52,162970,74],{"class":66},[52,162972,768],{"class":756},[52,162974,7751],{"class":760},[52,162976,757],{"class":756},[52,162978,74],{"class":66},[52,162980,768],{"class":756},[52,162982,15913],{"class":760},[52,162984,757],{"class":756},[52,162986,90],{"class":66},[52,162988,162989,162991,162993,162995,162997,162999,163001,163003,163005,163007,163009],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,162990,474],{"class":58},[52,162992,63],{"class":62},[52,162994,67],{"class":66},[52,162996,46677],{"class":70},[52,162998,74],{"class":66},[52,163000,768],{"class":756},[52,163002,12969],{"class":760},[52,163004,757],{"class":756},[52,163006,74],{"class":66},[52,163008,684],{"class":674},[52,163010,90],{"class":66},[52,163012,163013],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163014,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,163016,163017,163019,163021,163023,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,163018,9251],{"class":58},[52,163020,63],{"class":62},[52,163022,9256],{"class":1184},[52,163024,105],{"class":66},[52,163026,64465],{"class":101},[52,163028,105],{"class":66},[52,163030,17016],{"class":108},[52,163032,74],{"class":66},[52,163034,1205],{"class":108},[52,163036,510],{"class":66},[52,163038,163039,163041,163043,163045],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,163040,118],{"class":101},[52,163042,105],{"class":66},[52,163044,9289],{"class":108},[52,163046,112],{"class":66},[461,163048,163050],{"id":163049},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[43,163052,163054],{"className":45,"code":163053,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,163055,163056,163076,163096,163100,163125],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163057,163058,163060,163062,163064,163066,163068,163070,163072,163074],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163059,80731],{"class":58},[52,163061,63],{"class":62},[52,163063,67],{"class":66},[52,163065,430],{"class":70},[52,163067,74],{"class":66},[52,163069,7874],{"class":70},[52,163071,74],{"class":66},[52,163073,7879],{"class":70},[52,163075,90],{"class":66},[52,163077,163078,163080,163082,163084,163086,163088,163090,163092,163094],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,163079,80752],{"class":58},[52,163081,63],{"class":62},[52,163083,67],{"class":66},[52,163085,430],{"class":70},[52,163087,74],{"class":66},[52,163089,9391],{"class":70},[52,163091,74],{"class":66},[52,163093,7879],{"class":70},[52,163095,90],{"class":66},[52,163097,163098],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163099,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,163101,163102,163104,163106,163108,163111,163113,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,163103,1678],{"class":1195},[52,163105,56967],{"class":58},[52,163107,74],{"class":66},[52,163109,163110],{"class":58}," b ",[52,163112,1202],{"class":1195},[52,163114,161454],{"class":101},[52,163116,105],{"class":66},[52,163118,111818],{"class":108},[52,163120,74],{"class":66},[52,163122,80795],{"class":108},[52,163124,8428],{"class":66},[52,163126,163127,163129,163131,163133,163135,163137],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,163128,8154],{"class":101},[52,163130,105],{"class":66},[52,163132,2668],{"class":108},[52,163134,4780],{"class":62},[52,163136,2673],{"class":108},[52,163138,112],{"class":66},[20,163140,311],{},[43,163142,163144],{"className":45,"code":163143,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,163145,163146,163150,163154],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163147,163148],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163149,4072],{"class":674},[52,163151,163152],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,163153,4133],{"class":674},[52,163155,163156],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163157,4072],{"class":674},[461,163159,163161],{"id":163160},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[43,163163,163165],{"className":45,"code":163164,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,163166,163167,163202,163225,163229,163256],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163168,163169,163172,163174,163176,163178,163180,163182,163184,163186,163189,163191,163193,163195,163198,163200],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163170,163171],{"class":58},"products ",[52,163173,63],{"class":62},[52,163175,67],{"class":66},[52,163177,757],{"class":756},[52,163179,25235],{"class":760},[52,163181,757],{"class":756},[52,163183,74],{"class":66},[52,163185,768],{"class":756},[52,163187,163188],{"class":760},"Pen",[52,163190,757],{"class":756},[52,163192,74],{"class":66},[52,163194,768],{"class":756},[52,163196,163197],{"class":760},"Bag",[52,163199,757],{"class":756},[52,163201,90],{"class":66},[52,163203,163204,163206,163208,163210,163213,163215,163218,163220,163223],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,163205,535],{"class":58},[52,163207,63],{"class":62},[52,163209,67],{"class":66},[52,163211,163212],{"class":70},"12.5",[52,163214,74],{"class":66},[52,163216,163217],{"class":70}," 1.2",[52,163219,74],{"class":66},[52,163221,163222],{"class":70}," 25.0",[52,163224,90],{"class":66},[52,163226,163227],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163228,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,163230,163231,163233,163235,163237,163240,163242,163244,163246,163249,163251,163254],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,163232,1678],{"class":1195},[52,163234,25296],{"class":58},[52,163236,74],{"class":66},[52,163238,163239],{"class":58}," price ",[52,163241,1202],{"class":1195},[52,163243,161454],{"class":101},[52,163245,105],{"class":66},[52,163247,163248],{"class":108},"products",[52,163250,74],{"class":66},[52,163252,163253],{"class":108}," prices",[52,163255,8428],{"class":66},[52,163257,163258,163260,163262,163264,163266,163268,163270,163272,163275,163277,163279,163281,163283],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,163259,8154],{"class":101},[52,163261,105],{"class":66},[52,163263,22389],{"class":2184},[52,163265,757],{"class":760},[52,163267,9363],{"class":70},[52,163269,27103],{"class":108},[52,163271,22398],{"class":70},[52,163273,163274],{"class":760}," costs $",[52,163276,9363],{"class":70},[52,163278,25244],{"class":108},[52,163280,22398],{"class":70},[52,163282,757],{"class":760},[52,163284,112],{"class":66},[20,163286,36696,163287,242],{},[236,163288,163290],{"href":163289},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[38,163292,163294,163295],{"id":163293},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,163296,64395],{},[461,163298,8538,163300,163302],{"id":163299},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,163301,64395],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,163304,163305,163307],{},[15,163306,64395],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,163309,163310],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[43,163312,163314],{"className":45,"code":163313,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,163315,163316],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163317,163318,163320,163322,163324,163326,163328,163330,163332,163334,163336],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163319,118],{"class":101},[52,163321,105],{"class":66},[52,163323,11250],{"class":101},[52,163325,105],{"class":66},[52,163327,111818],{"class":108},[52,163329,9318],{"class":66},[52,163331,38479],{"class":101},[52,163333,105],{"class":66},[52,163335,81018],{"class":108},[52,163337,510],{"class":66},[461,163339,163341],{"id":163340},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,163343,68911],{},[43,163345,163347],{"className":45,"code":163346,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,163348,163349,163385,163389,163402,163412,163416,163428],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163350,163351,163353,163355,163357,163359,163361,163363,163365,163367,163369,163371,163373,163375,163377,163379,163381,163383],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163352,9300],{"class":58},[52,163354,63],{"class":62},[52,163356,161454],{"class":101},[52,163358,1058],{"class":66},[52,163360,71],{"class":70},[52,163362,74],{"class":66},[52,163364,77],{"class":70},[52,163366,894],{"class":66},[52,163368,67],{"class":66},[52,163370,757],{"class":756},[52,163372,236],{"class":760},[52,163374,757],{"class":756},[52,163376,74],{"class":66},[52,163378,768],{"class":756},[52,163380,4853],{"class":760},[52,163382,757],{"class":756},[52,163384,1858],{"class":66},[52,163386,163387],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,163388,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,163390,163391,163393,163395,163397,163400],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163392,1678],{"class":1195},[52,163394,6048],{"class":58},[52,163396,1202],{"class":1195},[52,163398,163399],{"class":58}," pairs",[52,163401,1689],{"class":66},[52,163403,163404,163406,163408,163410],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,163405,8154],{"class":101},[52,163407,105],{"class":66},[52,163409,23406],{"class":108},[52,163411,112],{"class":66},[52,163413,163414],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,163415,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,163417,163418,163420,163422,163424,163426],{"class":54,"line":1704},[52,163419,1678],{"class":1195},[52,163421,6048],{"class":58},[52,163423,1202],{"class":1195},[52,163425,163399],{"class":58},[52,163427,1689],{"class":66},[52,163429,163430,163432,163434,163436],{"class":54,"line":1709},[52,163431,8154],{"class":101},[52,163433,105],{"class":66},[52,163435,23406],{"class":108},[52,163437,112],{"class":66},[20,163439,163440],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[461,163442,163444],{"id":163443},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163446,163447],{},"This is correct:",[43,163449,163451],{"className":45,"code":163450,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163452,163453,163477,163493,163497,163521],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163454,163455,163457,163459,163461,163463,163465,163467,163469,163471,163473,163475],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163456,5088],{"class":58},[52,163458,63],{"class":62},[52,163460,67],{"class":66},[52,163462,757],{"class":756},[52,163464,12969],{"class":760},[52,163466,757],{"class":756},[52,163468,74],{"class":66},[52,163470,768],{"class":756},[52,163472,36040],{"class":760},[52,163474,757],{"class":756},[52,163476,90],{"class":66},[52,163478,163479,163481,163483,163485,163487,163489,163491],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,163480,5157],{"class":58},[52,163482,63],{"class":62},[52,163484,67],{"class":66},[52,163486,13592],{"class":70},[52,163488,74],{"class":66},[52,163490,13597],{"class":70},[52,163492,90],{"class":66},[52,163494,163495],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163496,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,163498,163499,163501,163503,163505,163507,163509,163511,163513,163515,163517,163519],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,163500,1678],{"class":1195},[52,163502,36091],{"class":58},[52,163504,74],{"class":66},[52,163506,5199],{"class":58},[52,163508,1202],{"class":1195},[52,163510,161454],{"class":101},[52,163512,105],{"class":66},[52,163514,5132],{"class":108},[52,163516,74],{"class":66},[52,163518,5204],{"class":108},[52,163520,8428],{"class":66},[52,163522,163523,163525,163527,163529,163531,163533],{"class":54,"line":1692},[52,163524,8154],{"class":101},[52,163526,105],{"class":66},[52,163528,7751],{"class":108},[52,163530,74],{"class":66},[52,163532,130929],{"class":108},[52,163534,112],{"class":66},[20,163536,163537],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[43,163539,163541],{"className":45,"code":163540,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163542,163543,163563],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163544,163545,163547,163549,163551,163553,163555,163557,163559,163561],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163546,1678],{"class":1195},[52,163548,6048],{"class":58},[52,163550,1202],{"class":1195},[52,163552,161454],{"class":101},[52,163554,105],{"class":66},[52,163556,5132],{"class":108},[52,163558,74],{"class":66},[52,163560,5204],{"class":108},[52,163562,8428],{"class":66},[52,163564,163565,163567,163569,163571],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,163566,8154],{"class":101},[52,163568,105],{"class":66},[52,163570,23406],{"class":108},[52,163572,112],{"class":66},[20,163574,311],{},[43,163576,163578],{"className":45,"code":163577,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163579,163580,163596],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163581,163582,163584,163586,163588,163590,163592,163594],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163583,105],{"class":66},[52,163585,3406],{"class":756},[52,163587,12969],{"class":760},[52,163589,3406],{"class":756},[52,163591,74],{"class":66},[52,163593,19992],{"class":70},[52,163595,112],{"class":66},[52,163597,163598,163600,163602,163604,163606,163608,163610],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,163599,105],{"class":66},[52,163601,3406],{"class":756},[52,163603,36040],{"class":760},[52,163605,3406],{"class":756},[52,163607,74],{"class":66},[52,163609,13597],{"class":70},[52,163611,112],{"class":66},[20,163613,163614],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[461,163616,1372,163618,163620,163621],{"id":163617},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163619,64395],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163622,35848],{},[20,163624,133,163625,163627],{},[15,163626,64395],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163629,133,163630,163632],{},[15,163631,35848],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[43,163634,163635],{"className":45,"code":36017,"language":47,"meta":48,"style":48},[15,163636,163637,163669,163673,163693],{"__ignoreMap":48},[52,163638,163639,163641,163643,163645,163647,163649,163651,163653,163655,163657,163659,163661,163663,163665,163667],{"class":54,"line":55},[52,163640,5088],{"class":58},[52,163642,63],{"class":62},[52,163644,67],{"class":66},[52,163646,757],{"class":756},[52,163648,12969],{"class":760},[52,163650,757],{"class":756},[52,163652,74],{"class":66},[52,163654,768],{"class":756},[52,163656,36040],{"class":760},[52,163658,757],{"class":756},[52,163660,74],{"class":66},[52,163662,768],{"class":756},[52,163664,36049],{"class":760},[52,163666,757],{"class":756},[52,163668,90],{"class":66},[52,163670,163671],{"class":54,"line":93},[52,163672,297],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":296},[52,163674,163675,163677,163679,163681,163683,163685,163687,163689,163691],{"class":54,"line":115},[52,163676,1678],{"class":1195},[52,163678,35920],{"class":58},[52,163680,74],{"class":66},[52,163682,36068],{"class":58},[52,163684,1202],{"class":1195},[52,163686,35930],{"class":101},[52,163688,105],{"class":66},[52,163690,5132],{"class":108},[52,163692,8428],{"class":66},[52,163694,163695,163697,163699,163701,163703,163705],{"class":54,"line":300},[52,163696,8154],{"class":101},[52,163698,105],{"class":66},[52,163700,35945],{"class":108},[52,163702,74],{"class":66},[52,163704,36091],{"class":108},[52,163706,112],{"class":66},[20,163708,163709,163710,242],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[236,163711,13,163712,1999],{"href":92091},[15,163713,35848],{},[38,163715,1919],{"id":1918},[461,163717,1923,163719,1926],{"id":163718},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163720,64395],{},[20,163722,163723],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[461,163725,12792,163727,163729],{"id":163726},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163728,64395],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163731,163732],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[461,163734,163736,163737,1963],{"id":163735},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163738,64395],{},[20,163740,163741,163742,242],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163743,162349],{},[461,163745,163747,163748,1963],{"id":163746},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163749,64395],{},[20,163751,128294,163752,163754],{},[15,163753,162502],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[461,163756,163758],{"id":163757},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163760,163761],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[38,163763,1986],{"id":1985},[153,163765,163766,163771,163777,163781,163785],{},[156,163767,163768],{},[236,163769,163770],{"href":163289},"How to use zip in Python",[156,163772,163773],{},[236,163774,13,163775,1999],{"href":92091},[15,163776,35848],{},[156,163778,163779],{},[236,163780,5307],{"href":5675},[156,163782,163783],{},[236,163784,69764],{"href":69687},[156,163786,163787],{},[236,163788,32356],{"href":31181},[2029,163790,163791],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html 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