[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":163411},["ShallowReactive",2],{"doc-\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method":3,"nav-reference":1593},{"id":4,"title":5,"body":6,"description":1586,"extension":1587,"meta":1588,"navigation":420,"path":1589,"seo":1590,"stem":1591,"__hash__":1592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method.md","Python Tuple count() Method",{"type":7,"value":8,"toc":1553},"minimark",[9,19,26,29,126,133,141,146,166,182,186,206,222,227,333,336,352,356,359,456,459,468,480,484,490,513,516,615,617,640,644,650,664,666,747,749,769,773,776,801,803,920,930,941,945,952,955,1000,1003,1027,1039,1044,1123,1130,1157,1167,1170,1173,1177,1182,1272,1280,1284,1287,1313,1318,1386,1390,1440,1451,1455,1462,1465,1472,1475,1479,1484,1491,1494,1503,1511,1515,1549],[10,11,13,14,18],"h1",{"id":12},"python-tuple-count-method","Python Tuple ",[15,16,17],"code",{},"count()"," Method",[20,21,22,25],"p",{},[15,23,24],{},"tuple.count()"," tells you how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[20,27,28],{},"Use it when you want to count matching values in a tuple without changing the tuple itself. This is helpful when checking for duplicates, repeated labels, or whether a value appears more than once.",[30,31,36],"pre",{"className":32,"code":33,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"language-python shiki shiki-themes material-theme-lighter github-light github-dark","numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3, 2)\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n","python","",[15,37,38,81,107],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40,43,47,51,55,59,62,65,67,69,71,74,76,78],"span",{"class":41,"line":42},"line",1,[39,44,46],{"class":45},"su5hD","numbers ",[39,48,50],{"class":49},"smGrS","=",[39,52,54],{"class":53},"sP7_E"," (",[39,56,58],{"class":57},"srdBf","1",[39,60,61],{"class":53},",",[39,63,64],{"class":57}," 2",[39,66,61],{"class":53},[39,68,64],{"class":57},[39,70,61],{"class":53},[39,72,73],{"class":57}," 3",[39,75,61],{"class":53},[39,77,64],{"class":57},[39,79,80],{"class":53},")\n",[39,82,84,87,89,92,95,99,102,105],{"class":41,"line":83},2,[39,85,86],{"class":45},"result ",[39,88,50],{"class":49},[39,90,91],{"class":45}," numbers",[39,93,94],{"class":53},".",[39,96,98],{"class":97},"slqww","count",[39,100,101],{"class":53},"(",[39,103,104],{"class":57},"2",[39,106,80],{"class":53},[39,108,110,114,116,119,122],{"class":41,"line":109},3,[39,111,113],{"class":112},"sptTA","print",[39,115,101],{"class":53},[39,117,118],{"class":97},"result",[39,120,121],{"class":53},")",[39,123,125],{"class":124},"sutJx","  # 3\n",[20,127,128,129,132],{},"Use ",[15,130,131],{},"tuple.count(value)"," to count how many times a value appears in a tuple.",[134,135,137,138,140],"h2",{"id":136},"what-tuplecount-does","What ",[15,139,24],{}," does",[20,142,143,145],{},[15,144,131],{},":",[147,148,149,157,160,163],"ul",{},[150,151,152,153,156],"li",{},"Returns the number of times ",[15,154,155],{},"value"," appears in the tuple",[150,158,159],{},"Checks the whole tuple",[150,161,162],{},"Returns an integer",[150,164,165],{},"Does not change the tuple",[20,167,168,169,171,172,177,178,94],{},"Because tuples are read-only, methods like ",[15,170,17],{}," only inspect the data. If you are new to tuples, see ",[173,174,176],"a",{"href":175},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained\u002F","Python tuples explained"," or ",[173,179,181],{"href":180},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple\u002F","creating a tuple",[134,183,185],{"id":184},"method-syntax","Method syntax",[30,187,189],{"className":32,"code":188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_tuple.count(value)\n",[15,190,191],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,192,193,196,198,200,202,204],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,194,195],{"class":45},"my_tuple",[39,197,94],{"class":53},[39,199,98],{"class":97},[39,201,101],{"class":53},[39,203,155],{"class":97},[39,205,80],{"class":53},[147,207,208,213,216],{},[150,209,210,212],{},[15,211,155],{}," is the item you want to count",[150,214,215],{},"The comparison is based on equality",[150,217,218,219],{},"If the value is not found, the result is ",[15,220,221],{},"0",[223,224,226],"h3",{"id":225},"example","Example",[30,228,230],{"className":32,"code":229,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\"))  # 0\n",[15,231,232,280,307],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,233,234,237,239,241,245,249,251,253,256,259,261,263,265,267,269,271,273,276,278],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,235,236],{"class":45},"colors ",[39,238,50],{"class":49},[39,240,54],{"class":53},[39,242,244],{"class":243},"sjJ54","\"",[39,246,248],{"class":247},"s_sjI","red",[39,250,244],{"class":243},[39,252,61],{"class":53},[39,254,255],{"class":243}," \"",[39,257,258],{"class":247},"blue",[39,260,244],{"class":243},[39,262,61],{"class":53},[39,264,255],{"class":243},[39,266,248],{"class":247},[39,268,244],{"class":243},[39,270,61],{"class":53},[39,272,255],{"class":243},[39,274,275],{"class":247},"green",[39,277,244],{"class":243},[39,279,80],{"class":53},[39,281,282,284,286,289,291,293,295,297,299,301,304],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,283,113],{"class":112},[39,285,101],{"class":53},[39,287,288],{"class":97},"colors",[39,290,94],{"class":53},[39,292,98],{"class":97},[39,294,101],{"class":53},[39,296,244],{"class":243},[39,298,248],{"class":247},[39,300,244],{"class":243},[39,302,303],{"class":53},"))",[39,305,306],{"class":124},"   # 2\n",[39,308,309,311,313,315,317,319,321,323,326,328,330],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,310,113],{"class":112},[39,312,101],{"class":53},[39,314,288],{"class":97},[39,316,94],{"class":53},[39,318,98],{"class":97},[39,320,101],{"class":53},[39,322,244],{"class":243},[39,324,325],{"class":247},"yellow",[39,327,244],{"class":243},[39,329,303],{"class":53},[39,331,332],{"class":124},"  # 0\n",[20,334,335],{},"In this example:",[147,337,338,344],{},[150,339,340,343],{},[15,341,342],{},"\"red\""," appears 2 times",[150,345,346,349,350],{},[15,347,348],{},"\"yellow\""," does not appear, so the result is ",[15,351,221],{},[134,353,355],{"id":354},"simple-example","Simple example",[20,357,358],{},"Here is a basic example with repeated values:",[30,360,362],{"className":32,"code":361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\", \"apple\")\n\nresult = fruits.count(\"apple\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,363,364,416,422,445],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,365,366,369,371,373,375,378,380,382,384,387,389,391,393,395,397,399,401,404,406,408,410,412,414],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,367,368],{"class":45},"fruits ",[39,370,50],{"class":49},[39,372,54],{"class":53},[39,374,244],{"class":243},[39,376,377],{"class":247},"apple",[39,379,244],{"class":243},[39,381,61],{"class":53},[39,383,255],{"class":243},[39,385,386],{"class":247},"banana",[39,388,244],{"class":243},[39,390,61],{"class":53},[39,392,255],{"class":243},[39,394,377],{"class":247},[39,396,244],{"class":243},[39,398,61],{"class":53},[39,400,255],{"class":243},[39,402,403],{"class":247},"orange",[39,405,244],{"class":243},[39,407,61],{"class":53},[39,409,255],{"class":243},[39,411,377],{"class":247},[39,413,244],{"class":243},[39,415,80],{"class":53},[39,417,418],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,419,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},true,"\n",[39,423,424,426,428,431,433,435,437,439,441,443],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,425,86],{"class":45},[39,427,50],{"class":49},[39,429,430],{"class":45}," fruits",[39,432,94],{"class":53},[39,434,98],{"class":97},[39,436,101],{"class":53},[39,438,244],{"class":243},[39,440,377],{"class":247},[39,442,244],{"class":243},[39,444,80],{"class":53},[39,446,448,450,452,454],{"class":41,"line":447},4,[39,449,113],{"class":112},[39,451,101],{"class":53},[39,453,118],{"class":97},[39,455,80],{"class":53},[20,457,458],{},"Output:",[30,460,462],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n",[15,463,464],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,465,466],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,467,461],{"class":57},[20,469,470,473,474,476,477,94],{},[15,471,472],{},"\"apple\""," appears 3 times in the tuple, so ",[15,475,17],{}," returns ",[15,478,479],{},"3",[134,481,483],{"id":482},"what-the-return-value-means","What the return value means",[20,485,486,487,489],{},"The return value from ",[15,488,17],{}," is always an integer.",[147,491,492,498,503,506],{},[150,493,494,495,497],{},"Returns ",[15,496,221],{}," when the value does not exist",[150,499,494,500,502],{},[15,501,58],{}," when the value appears once",[150,504,505],{},"Returns a larger number when the value appears multiple times",[150,507,508,509,512],{},"The result can be used in ",[15,510,511],{},"if"," statements and other conditions",[20,514,515],{},"Example:",[30,517,519],{"className":32,"code":518,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answers = (\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\")\n\nif answers.count(\"yes\") > 1:\n    print(\"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\")\n",[15,520,521,564,568,599],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,522,523,526,528,530,532,535,537,539,541,544,546,548,550,552,554,556,558,560,562],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,524,525],{"class":45},"answers ",[39,527,50],{"class":49},[39,529,54],{"class":53},[39,531,244],{"class":243},[39,533,534],{"class":247},"yes",[39,536,244],{"class":243},[39,538,61],{"class":53},[39,540,255],{"class":243},[39,542,543],{"class":247},"no",[39,545,244],{"class":243},[39,547,61],{"class":53},[39,549,255],{"class":243},[39,551,534],{"class":247},[39,553,244],{"class":243},[39,555,61],{"class":53},[39,557,255],{"class":243},[39,559,534],{"class":247},[39,561,244],{"class":243},[39,563,80],{"class":53},[39,565,566],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,567,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,569,570,573,576,578,580,582,584,586,588,590,593,596],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,571,511],{"class":572},"sVHd0",[39,574,575],{"class":45}," answers",[39,577,94],{"class":53},[39,579,98],{"class":97},[39,581,101],{"class":53},[39,583,244],{"class":243},[39,585,534],{"class":247},[39,587,244],{"class":243},[39,589,121],{"class":53},[39,591,592],{"class":49}," >",[39,594,595],{"class":57}," 1",[39,597,598],{"class":53},":\n",[39,600,601,604,606,608,611,613],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,602,603],{"class":112},"    print",[39,605,101],{"class":53},[39,607,244],{"class":243},[39,609,610],{"class":247},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.",[39,612,244],{"class":243},[39,614,80],{"class":53},[20,616,458],{},[30,618,620],{"className":32,"code":619,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The answer 'yes' appears more than once.\n",[15,621,622],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,623,624,627,630,632,634,637],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,625,626],{"class":45},"The answer ",[39,628,629],{"class":243},"'",[39,631,534],{"class":247},[39,633,629],{"class":243},[39,635,636],{"class":45}," appears more than once",[39,638,639],{"class":53},".\n",[134,641,643],{"id":642},"common-beginner-use-cases","Common beginner use cases",[20,645,646,647,649],{},"Beginners often use ",[15,648,24],{}," to:",[147,651,652,655,658,661],{},[150,653,654],{},"Check whether a value appears in a tuple more than once",[150,656,657],{},"Count repeated answers or labels",[150,659,660],{},"Verify duplicates in small fixed collections",[150,662,663],{},"Make decisions based on how many matches were found",[20,665,515],{},[30,667,669],{"className":32,"code":668,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = (10, 20, 10, 30, 10)\n\nif scores.count(10) >= 2:\n    print(\"The score 10 is repeated.\")\n",[15,670,671,704,708,732],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,672,673,676,678,680,683,685,688,690,693,695,698,700,702],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,674,675],{"class":45},"scores ",[39,677,50],{"class":49},[39,679,54],{"class":53},[39,681,682],{"class":57},"10",[39,684,61],{"class":53},[39,686,687],{"class":57}," 20",[39,689,61],{"class":53},[39,691,692],{"class":57}," 10",[39,694,61],{"class":53},[39,696,697],{"class":57}," 30",[39,699,61],{"class":53},[39,701,692],{"class":57},[39,703,80],{"class":53},[39,705,706],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,707,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,709,710,712,715,717,719,721,723,725,728,730],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,711,511],{"class":572},[39,713,714],{"class":45}," scores",[39,716,94],{"class":53},[39,718,98],{"class":97},[39,720,101],{"class":53},[39,722,682],{"class":57},[39,724,121],{"class":53},[39,726,727],{"class":49}," >=",[39,729,64],{"class":57},[39,731,598],{"class":53},[39,733,734,736,738,740,743,745],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,735,603],{"class":112},[39,737,101],{"class":53},[39,739,244],{"class":243},[39,741,742],{"class":247},"The score 10 is repeated.",[39,744,244],{"class":243},[39,746,80],{"class":53},[20,748,458],{},[30,750,752],{"className":32,"code":751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The score 10 is repeated.\n",[15,753,754],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,755,756,759,761,764,767],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,757,758],{"class":45},"The score ",[39,760,682],{"class":57},[39,762,763],{"class":49}," is",[39,765,766],{"class":45}," repeated",[39,768,639],{"class":53},[134,770,772],{"id":771},"things-beginners-should-know","Things beginners should know",[20,774,775],{},"There are a few important details to remember:",[147,777,778,784,789,792],{},[150,779,780,781,783],{},"Tuples are immutable, but ",[15,782,17],{}," still works because it only reads data",[150,785,786,788],{},[15,787,17],{}," counts exact matches",[150,790,791],{},"String matching is case-sensitive",[150,793,794,796,797,800],{},[15,795,58],{}," and ",[15,798,799],{},"1.0"," compare as equal in Python",[20,802,515],{},[30,804,806],{"className":32,"code":805,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (1, 1.0, \"Cat\", \"cat\")\n\nprint(values.count(1))      # 2\nprint(values.count(\"Cat\"))  # 1\nprint(values.count(\"cat\"))  # 1\n",[15,807,808,844,848,870,895],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,809,810,813,815,817,819,821,824,826,828,831,833,835,837,840,842],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,811,812],{"class":45},"values ",[39,814,50],{"class":49},[39,816,54],{"class":53},[39,818,58],{"class":57},[39,820,61],{"class":53},[39,822,823],{"class":57}," 1.0",[39,825,61],{"class":53},[39,827,255],{"class":243},[39,829,830],{"class":247},"Cat",[39,832,244],{"class":243},[39,834,61],{"class":53},[39,836,255],{"class":243},[39,838,839],{"class":247},"cat",[39,841,244],{"class":243},[39,843,80],{"class":53},[39,845,846],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,847,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,849,850,852,854,857,859,861,863,865,867],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,851,113],{"class":112},[39,853,101],{"class":53},[39,855,856],{"class":97},"values",[39,858,94],{"class":53},[39,860,98],{"class":97},[39,862,101],{"class":53},[39,864,58],{"class":57},[39,866,303],{"class":53},[39,868,869],{"class":124},"      # 2\n",[39,871,872,874,876,878,880,882,884,886,888,890,892],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,873,113],{"class":112},[39,875,101],{"class":53},[39,877,856],{"class":97},[39,879,94],{"class":53},[39,881,98],{"class":97},[39,883,101],{"class":53},[39,885,244],{"class":243},[39,887,830],{"class":247},[39,889,244],{"class":243},[39,891,303],{"class":53},[39,893,894],{"class":124},"  # 1\n",[39,896,898,900,902,904,906,908,910,912,914,916,918],{"class":41,"line":897},5,[39,899,113],{"class":112},[39,901,101],{"class":53},[39,903,856],{"class":97},[39,905,94],{"class":53},[39,907,98],{"class":97},[39,909,101],{"class":53},[39,911,244],{"class":243},[39,913,839],{"class":247},[39,915,244],{"class":243},[39,917,303],{"class":53},[39,919,894],{"class":124},[20,921,922,923,926,927,929],{},"Why does ",[15,924,925],{},"values.count(1)"," return ",[15,928,104],{},"?",[20,931,932,933,936,937,940],{},"In Python, ",[15,934,935],{},"1 == 1.0"," is ",[15,938,939],{},"True",", so both values are counted as matches.",[134,942,944],{"id":943},"common-mistakes","Common mistakes",[223,946,948,949,951],{"id":947},"using-count-without-parentheses","Using ",[15,950,98],{}," without parentheses",[20,953,954],{},"This gives you the method itself, not the result.",[30,956,958],{"className":32,"code":957,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers.count)\n",[15,959,960,984],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,961,962,964,966,968,970,972,974,976,978,980,982],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,963,46],{"class":45},[39,965,50],{"class":49},[39,967,54],{"class":53},[39,969,58],{"class":57},[39,971,61],{"class":53},[39,973,64],{"class":57},[39,975,61],{"class":53},[39,977,64],{"class":57},[39,979,61],{"class":53},[39,981,73],{"class":57},[39,983,80],{"class":53},[39,985,986,988,990,993,995,998],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,987,113],{"class":112},[39,989,101],{"class":53},[39,991,992],{"class":97},"numbers",[39,994,94],{"class":53},[39,996,98],{"class":997},"skxfh",[39,999,80],{"class":53},[20,1001,1002],{},"To call the method correctly:",[30,1004,1006],{"className":32,"code":1005,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(numbers.count(2))\n",[15,1007,1008],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1009,1010,1012,1014,1016,1018,1020,1022,1024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1011,113],{"class":112},[39,1013,101],{"class":53},[39,1015,992],{"class":97},[39,1017,94],{"class":53},[39,1019,98],{"class":97},[39,1021,101],{"class":53},[39,1023,104],{"class":57},[39,1025,1026],{"class":53},"))\n",[223,1028,1030,1031,1033,1034,177,1036],{"id":1029},"expecting-count-to-return-true-or-false","Expecting ",[15,1032,17],{}," to return ",[15,1035,939],{},[15,1037,1038],{},"False",[20,1040,1041,1043],{},[15,1042,17],{}," returns a number, not a boolean.",[30,1045,1047],{"className":32,"code":1046,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"a\")\nresult = letters.count(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 2\n",[15,1048,1049,1083,1106,1110],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1050,1051,1054,1056,1058,1060,1062,1064,1066,1068,1071,1073,1075,1077,1079,1081],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1052,1053],{"class":45},"letters ",[39,1055,50],{"class":49},[39,1057,54],{"class":53},[39,1059,244],{"class":243},[39,1061,173],{"class":247},[39,1063,244],{"class":243},[39,1065,61],{"class":53},[39,1067,255],{"class":243},[39,1069,1070],{"class":247},"b",[39,1072,244],{"class":243},[39,1074,61],{"class":53},[39,1076,255],{"class":243},[39,1078,173],{"class":247},[39,1080,244],{"class":243},[39,1082,80],{"class":53},[39,1084,1085,1087,1089,1092,1094,1096,1098,1100,1102,1104],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1086,86],{"class":45},[39,1088,50],{"class":49},[39,1090,1091],{"class":45}," letters",[39,1093,94],{"class":53},[39,1095,98],{"class":97},[39,1097,101],{"class":53},[39,1099,244],{"class":243},[39,1101,173],{"class":247},[39,1103,244],{"class":243},[39,1105,80],{"class":53},[39,1107,1108],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,1109,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,1111,1112,1114,1116,1118,1120],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,1113,113],{"class":112},[39,1115,101],{"class":53},[39,1117,118],{"class":97},[39,1119,121],{"class":53},[39,1121,1122],{"class":124},"  # 2\n",[20,1124,1125,1126,1129],{},"If you only want to check whether a value exists, using ",[15,1127,1128],{},"in"," is often simpler:",[30,1131,1133],{"className":32,"code":1132,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"a\" in letters)  # True\n",[15,1134,1135],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1136,1137,1139,1141,1143,1145,1147,1150,1152,1154],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1138,113],{"class":112},[39,1140,101],{"class":53},[39,1142,244],{"class":243},[39,1144,173],{"class":247},[39,1146,244],{"class":243},[39,1148,1149],{"class":572}," in",[39,1151,1091],{"class":97},[39,1153,121],{"class":53},[39,1155,1156],{"class":124},"  # True\n",[223,1158,1160,1161,1163,1164],{"id":1159},"confusing-tuplecount-with-listcount","Confusing ",[15,1162,24],{}," with ",[15,1165,1166],{},"list.count()",[20,1168,1169],{},"Both methods work in a similar way, but one is for tuples and one is for lists. A tuple cannot be changed, while a list can.",[20,1171,1172],{},"If you need a changeable collection, use a list instead.",[223,1174,1176],{"id":1175},"expecting-partial-string-matches","Expecting partial string matches",[20,1178,1179,1181],{},[15,1180,17],{}," looks for exact tuple items, not part of a string.",[30,1183,1185],{"className":32,"code":1184,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = (\"apple\", \"pineapple\", \"apple\")\nprint(words.count(\"app\"))    # 0\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\n",[15,1186,1187,1221,1248],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1188,1189,1192,1194,1196,1198,1200,1202,1204,1206,1209,1211,1213,1215,1217,1219],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1190,1191],{"class":45},"words ",[39,1193,50],{"class":49},[39,1195,54],{"class":53},[39,1197,244],{"class":243},[39,1199,377],{"class":247},[39,1201,244],{"class":243},[39,1203,61],{"class":53},[39,1205,255],{"class":243},[39,1207,1208],{"class":247},"pineapple",[39,1210,244],{"class":243},[39,1212,61],{"class":53},[39,1214,255],{"class":243},[39,1216,377],{"class":247},[39,1218,244],{"class":243},[39,1220,80],{"class":53},[39,1222,1223,1225,1227,1230,1232,1234,1236,1238,1241,1243,1245],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1224,113],{"class":112},[39,1226,101],{"class":53},[39,1228,1229],{"class":97},"words",[39,1231,94],{"class":53},[39,1233,98],{"class":97},[39,1235,101],{"class":53},[39,1237,244],{"class":243},[39,1239,1240],{"class":247},"app",[39,1242,244],{"class":243},[39,1244,303],{"class":53},[39,1246,1247],{"class":124},"    # 0\n",[39,1249,1250,1252,1254,1256,1258,1260,1262,1264,1266,1268,1270],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,1251,113],{"class":112},[39,1253,101],{"class":53},[39,1255,1229],{"class":97},[39,1257,94],{"class":53},[39,1259,98],{"class":97},[39,1261,101],{"class":53},[39,1263,244],{"class":243},[39,1265,377],{"class":247},[39,1267,244],{"class":243},[39,1269,303],{"class":53},[39,1271,1122],{"class":124},[20,1273,1274,1277,1278,94],{},[15,1275,1276],{},"\"app\""," is not an exact item in the tuple, so the result is ",[15,1279,221],{},[134,1281,1283],{"id":1282},"when-to-use-something-else","When to use something else",[20,1285,1286],{},"Sometimes another tool is a better fit:",[147,1288,1289,1294,1304,1310],{},[150,1290,128,1291,1293],{},[15,1292,1128],{}," to check only whether a value exists",[150,1295,128,1296,1303],{},[173,1297,1299,1300],{"href":1298},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method\u002F","tuple ",[15,1301,1302],{},"index()"," to find the position of a value",[150,1305,128,1306,1309],{},[15,1307,1308],{},"collections.Counter"," when you want to count many different values",[150,1311,1312],{},"Use a list if you need a changeable collection",[20,1314,1315,1316,145],{},"Example with ",[15,1317,1128],{},[30,1319,1321],{"className":32,"code":1320,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (4, 7, 9)\n\nprint(7 in numbers)   # True\nprint(5 in numbers)   # False\n",[15,1322,1323,1346,1350,1368],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1324,1325,1327,1329,1331,1334,1336,1339,1341,1344],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1326,46],{"class":45},[39,1328,50],{"class":49},[39,1330,54],{"class":53},[39,1332,1333],{"class":57},"4",[39,1335,61],{"class":53},[39,1337,1338],{"class":57}," 7",[39,1340,61],{"class":53},[39,1342,1343],{"class":57}," 9",[39,1345,80],{"class":53},[39,1347,1348],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1349,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,1351,1352,1354,1356,1359,1361,1363,1365],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,1353,113],{"class":112},[39,1355,101],{"class":53},[39,1357,1358],{"class":57},"7",[39,1360,1149],{"class":572},[39,1362,91],{"class":97},[39,1364,121],{"class":53},[39,1366,1367],{"class":124},"   # True\n",[39,1369,1370,1372,1374,1377,1379,1381,1383],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,1371,113],{"class":112},[39,1373,101],{"class":53},[39,1375,1376],{"class":57},"5",[39,1378,1149],{"class":572},[39,1380,91],{"class":97},[39,1382,121],{"class":53},[39,1384,1385],{"class":124},"   # False\n",[20,1387,1315,1388,145],{},[15,1389,1302],{},[30,1391,1393],{"className":32,"code":1392,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (4, 7, 9, 7)\nprint(numbers.index(7))  # 1\n",[15,1394,1395,1419],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1396,1397,1399,1401,1403,1405,1407,1409,1411,1413,1415,1417],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1398,46],{"class":45},[39,1400,50],{"class":49},[39,1402,54],{"class":53},[39,1404,1333],{"class":57},[39,1406,61],{"class":53},[39,1408,1338],{"class":57},[39,1410,61],{"class":53},[39,1412,1343],{"class":57},[39,1414,61],{"class":53},[39,1416,1338],{"class":57},[39,1418,80],{"class":53},[39,1420,1421,1423,1425,1427,1429,1432,1434,1436,1438],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1422,113],{"class":112},[39,1424,101],{"class":53},[39,1426,992],{"class":97},[39,1428,94],{"class":53},[39,1430,1431],{"class":97},"index",[39,1433,101],{"class":53},[39,1435,1358],{"class":57},[39,1437,303],{"class":53},[39,1439,894],{"class":124},[20,1441,1442,1444,1445,1448,1450],{},[15,1443,17],{}," tells you how many times a value appears.",[1446,1447],"br",{},[15,1449,1302],{}," tells you where the first match appears.",[134,1452,1454],{"id":1453},"faq","FAQ",[223,1456,1458,1459,1461],{"id":1457},"what-does-tuplecount-return-in-python","What does ",[15,1460,24],{}," return in Python?",[20,1463,1464],{},"It returns an integer showing how many times the given value appears in the tuple.",[223,1466,1468,1469,1471],{"id":1467},"does-tuplecount-change-the-tuple","Does ",[15,1470,24],{}," change the tuple?",[20,1473,1474],{},"No. It only reads the tuple and returns a count.",[223,1476,1478],{"id":1477},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-tuple","What happens if the value is not in the tuple?",[20,1480,1481,1482,94],{},"The method returns ",[15,1483,221],{},[223,1485,1487,1488,1490],{"id":1486},"can-tuplecount-count-strings","Can ",[15,1489,24],{}," count strings?",[20,1492,1493],{},"Yes. It can count strings, numbers, booleans, and other values stored in the tuple.",[223,1495,1497,1498,796,1500,929],{"id":1496},"what-is-the-difference-between-tuplecount-and-tupleindex","What is the difference between ",[15,1499,24],{},[15,1501,1502],{},"tuple.index()",[20,1504,1505,1507,1508,1510],{},[15,1506,17],{}," returns how many times a value appears. ",[15,1509,1302],{}," returns the position of the first match.",[134,1512,1514],{"id":1513},"see-also","See also",[147,1516,1517,1521,1526,1534,1543],{},[150,1518,1519],{},[173,1520,176],{"href":175},[150,1522,1523],{},[173,1524,1525],{"href":180},"Python tuple creating a tuple",[150,1527,1528],{},[173,1529,1530,1531,1533],{"href":1298},"Python tuple ",[15,1532,1302],{}," method",[150,1535,1536],{},[173,1537,1539,1540],{"href":1538},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len\u002F","Python tuple length with ",[15,1541,1542],{},"len()",[150,1544,1545],{},[173,1546,1548],{"href":1547},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to find an item in a list in Python",[1550,1551,1552],"style",{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":1554},[1555,1557,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1573,1574,1585],{"id":136,"depth":83,"text":1556},"What tuple.count() does",{"id":184,"depth":83,"text":185,"children":1558},[1559],{"id":225,"depth":109,"text":226},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":482,"depth":83,"text":483},{"id":642,"depth":83,"text":643},{"id":771,"depth":83,"text":772},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":1565},[1566,1568,1570,1572],{"id":947,"depth":109,"text":1567},"Using count without parentheses",{"id":1029,"depth":109,"text":1569},"Expecting count() to return True or False",{"id":1159,"depth":109,"text":1571},"Confusing tuple.count() with list.count()",{"id":1175,"depth":109,"text":1176},{"id":1282,"depth":83,"text":1283},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":1575},[1576,1578,1580,1581,1583],{"id":1457,"depth":109,"text":1577},"What does tuple.count() return in Python?",{"id":1467,"depth":109,"text":1579},"Does tuple.count() change the tuple?",{"id":1477,"depth":109,"text":1478},{"id":1486,"depth":109,"text":1582},"Can tuple.count() count strings?",{"id":1496,"depth":109,"text":1584},"What is the difference between tuple.count() and tuple.index()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python tuple count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.","md",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method",{"title":5,"description":1586},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-count-method","kaAqrDbPTszVe1OqbZgoePawtZs2amhp3rmhBeJurOY",[1594,3194,4894,6589,8722,10924,12439,14614,16821,19279,21116,23681,25779,28060,30008,31919,33915,35354,37178,39700,41858,43086,44455,46102,48422,50266,52243,53935,55188,56882,58621,60593,62343,64443,65802,67753,69316,71306,73101,75001,77443,79521,82161,84190,86153,88341,90345,92658,94340,95785,96979,98157,99997,102437,104139,106153,107677,108922,110084,111466,113537,115434,117208,119074,121193,122932,124394,125988,127911,129587,131522,133011,135795,137372,138931,140959,142911,144374,145563,147449,148725,150421,151975,153397,154800,156698,159092,160923],{"id":1595,"title":1596,"body":1597,"description":3188,"extension":1587,"meta":3189,"navigation":420,"path":3190,"seo":3191,"stem":3192,"__hash__":3193},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained.md","Python abs() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":1598,"toc":3160},[1599,1602,1609,1612,1623,1626,1630,1693,1695,1715,1720,1724,1729,1732,1747,1750,1775,1778,1782,1785,1801,1804,1831,1833,1891,1893,1908,1918,1929,1933,1936,1989,1991,2011,2014,2037,2044,2048,2053,2059,2061,2098,2100,2109,2115,2132,2135,2147,2151,2156,2160,2163,2184,2186,2244,2246,2254,2257,2261,2293,2295,2303,2306,2310,2315,2363,2365,2373,2377,2437,2439,2447,2450,2452,2456,2459,2482,2491,2506,2558,2560,2575,2586,2590,2593,2622,2629,2633,2638,2679,2681,2692,2695,2738,2740,2748,2752,2757,2779,2781,2790,2799,2803,2808,2830,2832,2903,2905,2956,2959,2962,2965,3046,3048,3079,3081,3085,3088,3092,3095,3099,3102,3106,3118,3122,3125,3127,3157],[10,1600,1596],{"id":1601},"python-abs-function-explained",[20,1603,1604,1605,1608],{},"The ",[15,1606,1607],{},"abs()"," function returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1610,1611],{},"Beginners usually use it when they want:",[147,1613,1614,1617,1620],{},[150,1615,1616],{},"a number without its negative sign",[150,1618,1619],{},"the distance between two numbers",[150,1621,1622],{},"the size of a value without caring whether it is positive or negative",[20,1624,1625],{},"It works with common Python number types such as integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[134,1627,1629],{"id":1628},"quick-example","Quick example",[30,1631,1633],{"className":32,"code":1632,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(-7))\nprint(abs(3.5))\nprint(abs(-2+3j))\n",[15,1634,1635,1653,1668],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1636,1637,1639,1641,1644,1646,1649,1651],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1638,113],{"class":112},[39,1640,101],{"class":53},[39,1642,1643],{"class":112},"abs",[39,1645,101],{"class":53},[39,1647,1648],{"class":49},"-",[39,1650,1358],{"class":57},[39,1652,1026],{"class":53},[39,1654,1655,1657,1659,1661,1663,1666],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1656,113],{"class":112},[39,1658,101],{"class":53},[39,1660,1643],{"class":112},[39,1662,101],{"class":53},[39,1664,1665],{"class":57},"3.5",[39,1667,1026],{"class":53},[39,1669,1670,1672,1674,1676,1678,1680,1682,1685,1687,1691],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,1671,113],{"class":112},[39,1673,101],{"class":53},[39,1675,1643],{"class":112},[39,1677,101],{"class":53},[39,1679,1648],{"class":49},[39,1681,104],{"class":57},[39,1683,1684],{"class":49},"+",[39,1686,479],{"class":57},[39,1688,1690],{"class":1689},"sbsja","j",[39,1692,1026],{"class":53},[20,1694,458],{},[30,1696,1698],{"className":32,"code":1697,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"7\n3.5\n3.605551275463989\n",[15,1699,1700,1705,1710],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1701,1702],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1703,1704],{"class":57},"7\n",[39,1706,1707],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1708,1709],{"class":57},"3.5\n",[39,1711,1712],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,1713,1714],{"class":57},"3.605551275463989\n",[20,1716,128,1717,1719],{},[15,1718,1607],{}," to get the absolute value of a number. For complex numbers, it returns the magnitude.",[134,1721,1723],{"id":1722},"what-abs-does","What abs() does",[20,1725,1726,1728],{},[15,1727,1607],{}," returns the absolute value of a number.",[20,1730,1731],{},"That means:",[147,1733,1734,1737,1740],{},[150,1735,1736],{},"negative integers and floats become positive",[150,1738,1739],{},"positive numbers stay the same",[150,1741,1742,1744,1745],{},[15,1743,221],{}," stays ",[15,1746,221],{},[20,1748,1749],{},"Examples:",[147,1751,1752,1760,1768],{},[150,1753,1754,1757,1758],{},[15,1755,1756],{},"abs(-5)"," gives ",[15,1759,1376],{},[150,1761,1762,1757,1765],{},[15,1763,1764],{},"abs(9)",[15,1766,1767],{},"9",[150,1769,1770,1757,1773],{},[15,1771,1772],{},"abs(0)",[15,1774,221],{},[20,1776,1777],{},"This is useful when you care about how large a number is, but not whether it is positive or negative.",[134,1779,1781],{"id":1780},"basic-syntax","Basic syntax",[20,1783,1784],{},"The syntax is:",[30,1786,1788],{"className":32,"code":1787,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"abs(x)\n",[15,1789,1790],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1791,1792,1794,1796,1799],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1793,1643],{"class":112},[39,1795,101],{"class":53},[39,1797,1798],{"class":97},"x",[39,1800,80],{"class":53},[20,1802,1803],{},"Here:",[147,1805,1806,1823,1828],{},[150,1807,1808,1810,1811,1814,1815,1818,1819,1822],{},[15,1809,1798],{}," is usually an ",[15,1812,1813],{},"int",", ",[15,1816,1817],{},"float",", or ",[15,1820,1821],{},"complex"," number",[150,1824,1825,1827],{},[15,1826,1607],{}," returns a new value",[150,1829,1830],{},"it does not change the original variable",[20,1832,515],{},[30,1834,1836],{"className":32,"code":1835,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = -12\nresult = abs(number)\n\nprint(number)\nprint(result)\n",[15,1837,1838,1851,1867,1871,1881],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1839,1840,1843,1845,1848],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1841,1842],{"class":45},"number ",[39,1844,50],{"class":49},[39,1846,1847],{"class":49}," -",[39,1849,1850],{"class":57},"12\n",[39,1852,1853,1855,1857,1860,1862,1865],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1854,86],{"class":45},[39,1856,50],{"class":49},[39,1858,1859],{"class":112}," abs",[39,1861,101],{"class":53},[39,1863,1864],{"class":97},"number",[39,1866,80],{"class":53},[39,1868,1869],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,1870,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,1872,1873,1875,1877,1879],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,1874,113],{"class":112},[39,1876,101],{"class":53},[39,1878,1864],{"class":97},[39,1880,80],{"class":53},[39,1882,1883,1885,1887,1889],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,1884,113],{"class":112},[39,1886,101],{"class":53},[39,1888,118],{"class":97},[39,1890,80],{"class":53},[20,1892,458],{},[30,1894,1896],{"className":32,"code":1895,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"-12\n12\n",[15,1897,1898,1904],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1899,1900,1902],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1901,1648],{"class":49},[39,1903,1850],{"class":57},[39,1905,1906],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1907,1850],{"class":57},[20,1909,1910,1911,1913,1914,1917],{},"Notice that ",[15,1912,1864],{}," is still ",[15,1915,1916],{},"-12",". If you want to keep the absolute value, you must store it in a variable.",[20,1919,1920,1921,1928],{},"If you are not sure what type a value has, the ",[173,1922,1924,1927],{"href":1923},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained\u002F",[15,1925,1926],{},"type()"," function"," can help.",[134,1930,1932],{"id":1931},"examples-with-integers-and-floats","Examples with integers and floats",[20,1934,1935],{},"Here are some basic examples:",[30,1937,1939],{"className":32,"code":1938,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(-10))\nprint(abs(8))\nprint(abs(-4.2))\n",[15,1940,1941,1957,1972],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1942,1943,1945,1947,1949,1951,1953,1955],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1944,113],{"class":112},[39,1946,101],{"class":53},[39,1948,1643],{"class":112},[39,1950,101],{"class":53},[39,1952,1648],{"class":49},[39,1954,682],{"class":57},[39,1956,1026],{"class":53},[39,1958,1959,1961,1963,1965,1967,1970],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,1960,113],{"class":112},[39,1962,101],{"class":53},[39,1964,1643],{"class":112},[39,1966,101],{"class":53},[39,1968,1969],{"class":57},"8",[39,1971,1026],{"class":53},[39,1973,1974,1976,1978,1980,1982,1984,1987],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,1975,113],{"class":112},[39,1977,101],{"class":53},[39,1979,1643],{"class":112},[39,1981,101],{"class":53},[39,1983,1648],{"class":49},[39,1985,1986],{"class":57},"4.2",[39,1988,1026],{"class":53},[20,1990,458],{},[30,1992,1994],{"className":32,"code":1993,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n8\n4.2\n",[15,1995,1996,2001,2006],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,1997,1998],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,1999,2000],{"class":57},"10\n",[39,2002,2003],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2004,2005],{"class":57},"8\n",[39,2007,2008],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2009,2010],{"class":57},"4.2\n",[20,2012,2013],{},"What each line does:",[147,2015,2016,2023,2030],{},[150,2017,2018,476,2021],{},[15,2019,2020],{},"abs(-10)",[15,2022,682],{},[150,2024,2025,476,2028],{},[15,2026,2027],{},"abs(8)",[15,2029,1969],{},[150,2031,2032,476,2035],{},[15,2033,2034],{},"abs(-4.2)",[15,2036,1986],{},[20,2038,2039,2040,94],{},"This works because integers and floats are standard numeric types in Python. If you want a refresher, see ",[173,2041,2043],{"href":2042},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-numbers-explained-int-float-complex\u002F","Python numbers explained: int, float, complex",[134,2045,2047],{"id":2046},"example-with-complex-numbers","Example with complex numbers",[20,2049,2050,2052],{},[15,2051,1607],{}," also works with complex numbers.",[20,2054,2055,2056,2058],{},"For a complex number, it returns the distance from ",[15,2057,221],{}," in the complex plane. You do not need advanced math to use this. In practice, it gives the size, or magnitude, of the complex number.",[20,2060,515],{},[30,2062,2064],{"className":32,"code":2063,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3 + 4j\nprint(abs(value))\n",[15,2065,2066,2084],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2067,2068,2071,2073,2075,2078,2081],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2069,2070],{"class":45},"value ",[39,2072,50],{"class":49},[39,2074,73],{"class":57},[39,2076,2077],{"class":49}," +",[39,2079,2080],{"class":57}," 4",[39,2082,2083],{"class":1689},"j\n",[39,2085,2086,2088,2090,2092,2094,2096],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2087,113],{"class":112},[39,2089,101],{"class":53},[39,2091,1643],{"class":112},[39,2093,101],{"class":53},[39,2095,155],{"class":97},[39,2097,1026],{"class":53},[20,2099,458],{},[30,2101,2103],{"className":32,"code":2102,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5.0\n",[15,2104,2105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2106,2107],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2108,2102],{"class":57},[20,2110,2111,2112,929],{},"Why ",[15,2113,2114],{},"5.0",[147,2116,2117,2122,2127],{},[150,2118,2119,2120],{},"the real part is ",[15,2121,479],{},[150,2123,2124,2125],{},"the imaginary part is ",[15,2126,1333],{},[150,2128,2129,2130],{},"the magnitude is ",[15,2131,2114],{},[20,2133,2134],{},"For beginners, the main thing to remember is simple:",[147,2136,2137,2144],{},[150,2138,2139,2141,2142],{},[15,2140,1607],{}," on a complex number returns a ",[15,2143,1817],{},[150,2145,2146],{},"it gives the number's magnitude, not a complex number back",[134,2148,2150],{"id":2149},"common-beginner-uses","Common beginner uses",[20,2152,2153,2154,94],{},"Here are some common ways beginners use ",[15,2155,1607],{},[223,2157,2159],{"id":2158},"finding-the-distance-between-two-numbers","Finding the distance between two numbers",[20,2161,2162],{},"A very common pattern is:",[30,2164,2166],{"className":32,"code":2165,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"abs(a - b)\n",[15,2167,2168],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2169,2170,2172,2174,2177,2179,2182],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2171,1643],{"class":112},[39,2173,101],{"class":53},[39,2175,2176],{"class":97},"a ",[39,2178,1648],{"class":49},[39,2180,2181],{"class":97}," b",[39,2183,80],{"class":53},[20,2185,515],{},[30,2187,2189],{"className":32,"code":2188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = 3\nb = 10\n\ndistance = abs(a - b)\nprint(distance)\n",[15,2190,2191,2200,2210,2214,2233],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2192,2193,2195,2197],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2194,2176],{"class":45},[39,2196,50],{"class":49},[39,2198,2199],{"class":57}," 3\n",[39,2201,2202,2205,2207],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2203,2204],{"class":45},"b ",[39,2206,50],{"class":49},[39,2208,2209],{"class":57}," 10\n",[39,2211,2212],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2213,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,2215,2216,2219,2221,2223,2225,2227,2229,2231],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,2217,2218],{"class":45},"distance ",[39,2220,50],{"class":49},[39,2222,1859],{"class":112},[39,2224,101],{"class":53},[39,2226,2176],{"class":97},[39,2228,1648],{"class":49},[39,2230,2181],{"class":97},[39,2232,80],{"class":53},[39,2234,2235,2237,2239,2242],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,2236,113],{"class":112},[39,2238,101],{"class":53},[39,2240,2241],{"class":97},"distance",[39,2243,80],{"class":53},[20,2245,458],{},[30,2247,2248],{"className":32,"code":1704,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2249,2250],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2251,2252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2253,1704],{"class":57},[20,2255,2256],{},"This tells you how far apart two numbers are.",[223,2258,2260],{"id":2259},"comparing-how-far-a-value-is-from-zero","Comparing how far a value is from zero",[30,2262,2264],{"className":32,"code":2263,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"temperature_change = -6\nprint(abs(temperature_change))\n",[15,2265,2266,2278],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2267,2268,2271,2273,2275],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2269,2270],{"class":45},"temperature_change ",[39,2272,50],{"class":49},[39,2274,1847],{"class":49},[39,2276,2277],{"class":57},"6\n",[39,2279,2280,2282,2284,2286,2288,2291],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2281,113],{"class":112},[39,2283,101],{"class":53},[39,2285,1643],{"class":112},[39,2287,101],{"class":53},[39,2289,2290],{"class":97},"temperature_change",[39,2292,1026],{"class":53},[20,2294,458],{},[30,2296,2297],{"className":32,"code":2277,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2298,2299],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2300,2301],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2302,2277],{"class":57},[20,2304,2305],{},"This is useful when the size of the change matters more than the direction.",[223,2307,2309],{"id":2308},"working-with-negative-input-values-safely","Working with negative input values safely",[20,2311,2312,2313,1928],{},"If a user enters a negative number but your program needs a positive value, ",[15,2314,1607],{},[30,2316,2318],{"className":32,"code":2317,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"balance_change = -25\nsafe_value = abs(balance_change)\n\nprint(safe_value)\n",[15,2319,2320,2332,2348,2352],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2321,2322,2325,2327,2329],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2323,2324],{"class":45},"balance_change ",[39,2326,50],{"class":49},[39,2328,1847],{"class":49},[39,2330,2331],{"class":57},"25\n",[39,2333,2334,2337,2339,2341,2343,2346],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2335,2336],{"class":45},"safe_value ",[39,2338,50],{"class":49},[39,2340,1859],{"class":112},[39,2342,101],{"class":53},[39,2344,2345],{"class":97},"balance_change",[39,2347,80],{"class":53},[39,2349,2350],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2351,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,2353,2354,2356,2358,2361],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,2355,113],{"class":112},[39,2357,101],{"class":53},[39,2359,2360],{"class":97},"safe_value",[39,2362,80],{"class":53},[20,2364,458],{},[30,2366,2367],{"className":32,"code":2331,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2368,2369],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2370,2371],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2372,2331],{"class":57},[223,2374,2376],{"id":2375},"checking-the-absolute-difference-in-simple-programs","Checking the absolute difference in simple programs",[30,2378,2380],{"className":32,"code":2379,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"guess = 42\ntarget = 50\n\ndifference = abs(guess - target)\nprint(difference)\n",[15,2381,2382,2392,2402,2406,2426],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2383,2384,2387,2389],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2385,2386],{"class":45},"guess ",[39,2388,50],{"class":49},[39,2390,2391],{"class":57}," 42\n",[39,2393,2394,2397,2399],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2395,2396],{"class":45},"target ",[39,2398,50],{"class":49},[39,2400,2401],{"class":57}," 50\n",[39,2403,2404],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2405,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,2407,2408,2411,2413,2415,2417,2419,2421,2424],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,2409,2410],{"class":45},"difference ",[39,2412,50],{"class":49},[39,2414,1859],{"class":112},[39,2416,101],{"class":53},[39,2418,2386],{"class":97},[39,2420,1648],{"class":49},[39,2422,2423],{"class":97}," target",[39,2425,80],{"class":53},[39,2427,2428,2430,2432,2435],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,2429,113],{"class":112},[39,2431,101],{"class":53},[39,2433,2434],{"class":97},"difference",[39,2436,80],{"class":53},[20,2438,458],{},[30,2440,2441],{"className":32,"code":2005,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2442,2443],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2444,2445],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2446,2005],{"class":57},[20,2448,2449],{},"This is useful in guessing games, scoring programs, and simple comparisons.",[134,2451,944],{"id":943},[223,2453,2455],{"id":2454},"passing-a-string-to-abs","Passing a string to abs()",[20,2457,2458],{},"This causes an error:",[30,2460,2462],{"className":32,"code":2461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(\"5\"))\n",[15,2463,2464],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2465,2466,2468,2470,2472,2474,2476,2478,2480],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2467,113],{"class":112},[39,2469,101],{"class":53},[39,2471,1643],{"class":112},[39,2473,101],{"class":53},[39,2475,244],{"class":243},[39,2477,1376],{"class":247},[39,2479,244],{"class":243},[39,2481,1026],{"class":53},[20,2483,2484,2487,2488,2490],{},[15,2485,2486],{},"\"5\""," is a string, not a number. ",[15,2489,1607],{}," needs a numeric value.",[20,2492,2493,2494,177,2500,145],{},"Fix it by converting the string first with ",[173,2495,2497],{"href":2496},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained\u002F",[15,2498,2499],{},"int()",[173,2501,2503],{"href":2502},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained\u002F",[15,2504,2505],{},"float()",[30,2507,2509],{"className":32,"code":2508,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(int(\"5\")))\nprint(abs(float(\"-3.2\")))\n",[15,2510,2511,2535],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2512,2513,2515,2517,2519,2521,2524,2526,2528,2530,2532],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2514,113],{"class":112},[39,2516,101],{"class":53},[39,2518,1643],{"class":112},[39,2520,101],{"class":53},[39,2522,1813],{"class":2523},"sZMiF",[39,2525,101],{"class":53},[39,2527,244],{"class":243},[39,2529,1376],{"class":247},[39,2531,244],{"class":243},[39,2533,2534],{"class":53},")))\n",[39,2536,2537,2539,2541,2543,2545,2547,2549,2551,2554,2556],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2538,113],{"class":112},[39,2540,101],{"class":53},[39,2542,1643],{"class":112},[39,2544,101],{"class":53},[39,2546,1817],{"class":2523},[39,2548,101],{"class":53},[39,2550,244],{"class":243},[39,2552,2553],{"class":247},"-3.2",[39,2555,244],{"class":243},[39,2557,2534],{"class":53},[20,2559,458],{},[30,2561,2563],{"className":32,"code":2562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5\n3.2\n",[15,2564,2565,2570],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2566,2567],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2568,2569],{"class":57},"5\n",[39,2571,2572],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2573,2574],{"class":57},"3.2\n",[20,2576,2577,2578,2581,2582,94],{},"If you are working with keyboard input, this mistake often happens because ",[15,2579,2580],{},"input()"," always returns a string. See ",[173,2583,2585],{"href":2584},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-int-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to an int in Python",[223,2587,2589],{"id":2588},"passing-a-list-or-dictionary","Passing a list or dictionary",[20,2591,2592],{},"Unsupported types also cause an error:",[30,2594,2596],{"className":32,"code":2595,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,2597,2598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2599,2600,2602,2604,2606,2609,2611,2613,2615,2617,2619],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2601,113],{"class":112},[39,2603,101],{"class":53},[39,2605,1643],{"class":112},[39,2607,2608],{"class":53},"([",[39,2610,58],{"class":57},[39,2612,61],{"class":53},[39,2614,64],{"class":57},[39,2616,61],{"class":53},[39,2618,73],{"class":57},[39,2620,2621],{"class":53},"]))\n",[20,2623,2624,2625,2628],{},"This raises a ",[15,2626,2627],{},"TypeError"," because lists do not have an absolute value.",[223,2630,2632],{"id":2631},"assuming-abs-changes-the-original-variable","Assuming abs() changes the original variable",[20,2634,2635,2637],{},[15,2636,1607],{}," does not update the variable by itself.",[30,2639,2641],{"className":32,"code":2640,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"x = -9\nabs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2642,2643,2655,2665,2669],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2644,2645,2648,2650,2652],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2646,2647],{"class":45},"x ",[39,2649,50],{"class":49},[39,2651,1847],{"class":49},[39,2653,2654],{"class":57},"9\n",[39,2656,2657,2659,2661,2663],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2658,1643],{"class":112},[39,2660,101],{"class":53},[39,2662,1798],{"class":97},[39,2664,80],{"class":53},[39,2666,2667],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2668,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,2670,2671,2673,2675,2677],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,2672,113],{"class":112},[39,2674,101],{"class":53},[39,2676,1798],{"class":97},[39,2678,80],{"class":53},[20,2680,458],{},[30,2682,2684],{"className":32,"code":2683,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"-9\n",[15,2685,2686],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2687,2688,2690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2689,1648],{"class":49},[39,2691,2654],{"class":57},[20,2693,2694],{},"If you want to store the result:",[30,2696,2698],{"className":32,"code":2697,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"x = -9\nx = abs(x)\n\nprint(x)\n",[15,2699,2700,2710,2724,2728],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2701,2702,2704,2706,2708],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2703,2647],{"class":45},[39,2705,50],{"class":49},[39,2707,1847],{"class":49},[39,2709,2654],{"class":57},[39,2711,2712,2714,2716,2718,2720,2722],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2713,2647],{"class":45},[39,2715,50],{"class":49},[39,2717,1859],{"class":112},[39,2719,101],{"class":53},[39,2721,1798],{"class":97},[39,2723,80],{"class":53},[39,2725,2726],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2727,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,2729,2730,2732,2734,2736],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,2731,113],{"class":112},[39,2733,101],{"class":53},[39,2735,1798],{"class":97},[39,2737,80],{"class":53},[20,2739,458],{},[30,2741,2742],{"className":32,"code":2654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,2743,2744],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2745,2746],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2747,2654],{"class":57},[223,2749,2751],{"id":2750},"confusing-absolute-value-with-rounding","Confusing absolute value with rounding",[20,2753,2754,2756],{},[15,2755,1607],{}," does not round numbers.",[30,2758,2760],{"className":32,"code":2759,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(abs(-4.7))\n",[15,2761,2762],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2763,2764,2766,2768,2770,2772,2774,2777],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2765,113],{"class":112},[39,2767,101],{"class":53},[39,2769,1643],{"class":112},[39,2771,101],{"class":53},[39,2773,1648],{"class":49},[39,2775,2776],{"class":57},"4.7",[39,2778,1026],{"class":53},[20,2780,458],{},[30,2782,2784],{"className":32,"code":2783,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4.7\n",[15,2785,2786],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2787,2788],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2789,2783],{"class":57},[20,2791,2792,2793,2795,2796,2798],{},"If you expected ",[15,2794,1376],{},", that is a different operation. ",[15,2797,1607],{}," removes the negative sign. It does not change the decimal part.",[134,2800,2802],{"id":2801},"return-values-and-types","Return values and types",[20,2804,2805,2807],{},[15,2806,1607],{}," returns different types depending on the input:",[147,2809,2810,2817,2824],{},[150,2811,2812,2814,2815],{},[15,2813,1813],{}," input → returns an ",[15,2816,1813],{},[150,2818,2819,2821,2822],{},[15,2820,1817],{}," input → returns a ",[15,2823,1817],{},[150,2825,2826,2821,2828],{},[15,2827,1821],{},[15,2829,1817],{},[20,2831,515],{},[30,2833,2835],{"className":32,"code":2834,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(abs(-5)))\nprint(type(abs(-3.2)))\nprint(type(abs(3 + 4j)))\n",[15,2836,2837,2858,2879],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2838,2839,2841,2843,2846,2848,2850,2852,2854,2856],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2840,113],{"class":112},[39,2842,101],{"class":53},[39,2844,2845],{"class":2523},"type",[39,2847,101],{"class":53},[39,2849,1643],{"class":112},[39,2851,101],{"class":53},[39,2853,1648],{"class":49},[39,2855,1376],{"class":57},[39,2857,2534],{"class":53},[39,2859,2860,2862,2864,2866,2868,2870,2872,2874,2877],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2861,113],{"class":112},[39,2863,101],{"class":53},[39,2865,2845],{"class":2523},[39,2867,101],{"class":53},[39,2869,1643],{"class":112},[39,2871,101],{"class":53},[39,2873,1648],{"class":49},[39,2875,2876],{"class":57},"3.2",[39,2878,2534],{"class":53},[39,2880,2881,2883,2885,2887,2889,2891,2893,2895,2897,2899,2901],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2882,113],{"class":112},[39,2884,101],{"class":53},[39,2886,2845],{"class":2523},[39,2888,101],{"class":53},[39,2890,1643],{"class":112},[39,2892,101],{"class":53},[39,2894,479],{"class":57},[39,2896,2077],{"class":49},[39,2898,2080],{"class":57},[39,2900,1690],{"class":1689},[39,2902,2534],{"class":53},[20,2904,458],{},[30,2906,2908],{"className":32,"code":2907,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,2909,2910,2928,2942],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2911,2912,2915,2918,2921,2923,2925],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2913,2914],{"class":49},"\u003C",[39,2916,2917],{"class":1689},"class",[39,2919,2920],{"class":243}," '",[39,2922,1813],{"class":247},[39,2924,629],{"class":243},[39,2926,2927],{"class":49},">\n",[39,2929,2930,2932,2934,2936,2938,2940],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2931,2914],{"class":49},[39,2933,2917],{"class":1689},[39,2935,2920],{"class":243},[39,2937,1817],{"class":247},[39,2939,629],{"class":243},[39,2941,2927],{"class":49},[39,2943,2944,2946,2948,2950,2952,2954],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2945,2914],{"class":49},[39,2947,2917],{"class":1689},[39,2949,2920],{"class":243},[39,2951,1817],{"class":247},[39,2953,629],{"class":243},[39,2955,2927],{"class":49},[20,2957,2958],{},"This matters because beginners often check value types while debugging.",[20,2960,2961],{},"If your value comes from user input, convert it first and then check the type if needed.",[20,2963,2964],{},"Useful debugging steps:",[30,2966,2968],{"className":32,"code":2967,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"-5\"\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nuser_input = \"-3.7\"\nprint(abs(float(user_input)))\n",[15,2969,2970,2984,2994,3008,3012,3026],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,2971,2972,2974,2976,2978,2981],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,2973,2070],{"class":45},[39,2975,50],{"class":49},[39,2977,255],{"class":243},[39,2979,2980],{"class":247},"-5",[39,2982,2983],{"class":243},"\"\n",[39,2985,2986,2988,2990,2992],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,2987,113],{"class":112},[39,2989,101],{"class":53},[39,2991,155],{"class":97},[39,2993,80],{"class":53},[39,2995,2996,2998,3000,3002,3004,3006],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,2997,113],{"class":112},[39,2999,101],{"class":53},[39,3001,2845],{"class":2523},[39,3003,101],{"class":53},[39,3005,155],{"class":97},[39,3007,1026],{"class":53},[39,3009,3010],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,3011,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,3013,3014,3017,3019,3021,3024],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,3015,3016],{"class":45},"user_input ",[39,3018,50],{"class":49},[39,3020,255],{"class":243},[39,3022,3023],{"class":247},"-3.7",[39,3025,2983],{"class":243},[39,3027,3029,3031,3033,3035,3037,3039,3041,3044],{"class":41,"line":3028},6,[39,3030,113],{"class":112},[39,3032,101],{"class":53},[39,3034,1643],{"class":112},[39,3036,101],{"class":53},[39,3038,1817],{"class":2523},[39,3040,101],{"class":53},[39,3042,3043],{"class":97},"user_input",[39,3045,2534],{"class":53},[20,3047,458],{},[30,3049,3051],{"className":32,"code":3050,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"-5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n3.7\n",[15,3052,3053,3059,3074],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3054,3055,3057],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3056,1648],{"class":49},[39,3058,2569],{"class":57},[39,3060,3061,3063,3065,3067,3070,3072],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3062,2914],{"class":49},[39,3064,2917],{"class":1689},[39,3066,2920],{"class":243},[39,3068,3069],{"class":247},"str",[39,3071,629],{"class":243},[39,3073,2927],{"class":49},[39,3075,3076],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,3077,3078],{"class":57},"3.7\n",[134,3080,1454],{"id":1453},[223,3082,3084],{"id":3083},"what-does-abs-mean-in-python","What does abs() mean in Python?",[20,3086,3087],{},"It returns the absolute value of a number. This means the value without a negative sign.",[223,3089,3091],{"id":3090},"does-abs-work-with-floats","Does abs() work with floats?",[20,3093,3094],{},"Yes. It works with integers, floats, and complex numbers.",[223,3096,3098],{"id":3097},"does-abs-change-the-original-variable","Does abs() change the original variable?",[20,3100,3101],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to store the result.",[223,3103,3105],{"id":3104},"why-does-absinput-give-an-error","Why does abs(input()) give an error?",[20,3107,3108,3110,3111,177,3113,3115,3116,94],{},[15,3109,2580],{}," returns a string. Convert it first with ",[15,3112,2499],{},[15,3114,2505],{}," before using ",[15,3117,1607],{},[223,3119,3121],{"id":3120},"what-does-abs-return-for-a-complex-number","What does abs() return for a complex number?",[20,3123,3124],{},"It returns the magnitude as a float.",[134,3126,1514],{"id":1513},[147,3128,3129,3136,3142,3148,3153],{},[150,3130,3131],{},[173,3132,3133,3135],{"href":2496},[15,3134,2499],{}," function explained",[150,3137,3138],{},[173,3139,3140,3135],{"href":2502},[15,3141,2505],{},[150,3143,3144],{},[173,3145,3146,3135],{"href":1923},[15,3147,1926],{},[150,3149,3150],{},[173,3151,3152],{"href":2584},"How to convert a string to an int in Python",[150,3154,3155],{},[173,3156,2043],{"href":2042},[1550,3158,3159],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":3161},[3162,3163,3164,3165,3166,3167,3173,3179,3180,3187],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":1722,"depth":83,"text":1723},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":1931,"depth":83,"text":1932},{"id":2046,"depth":83,"text":2047},{"id":2149,"depth":83,"text":2150,"children":3168},[3169,3170,3171,3172],{"id":2158,"depth":109,"text":2159},{"id":2259,"depth":109,"text":2260},{"id":2308,"depth":109,"text":2309},{"id":2375,"depth":109,"text":2376},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":3174},[3175,3176,3177,3178],{"id":2454,"depth":109,"text":2455},{"id":2588,"depth":109,"text":2589},{"id":2631,"depth":109,"text":2632},{"id":2750,"depth":109,"text":2751},{"id":2801,"depth":83,"text":2802},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":3181},[3182,3183,3184,3185,3186],{"id":3083,"depth":109,"text":3084},{"id":3090,"depth":109,"text":3091},{"id":3097,"depth":109,"text":3098},{"id":3104,"depth":109,"text":3105},{"id":3120,"depth":109,"text":3121},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python abs function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained",{"title":1596,"description":3188},"reference\u002Fpython-abs-function-explained","xZAUASskbMCeUoHg_mObxnwl-ISSbujkBvQOGfQBzh4",{"id":3195,"title":3196,"body":3197,"description":4888,"extension":1587,"meta":4889,"navigation":420,"path":4890,"seo":4891,"stem":4892,"__hash__":4893},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained.md","Python all() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":3198,"toc":4852},[3199,3207,3213,3216,3232,3236,3290,3299,3304,3308,3327,3330,3347,3350,3354,3362,3380,3383,3423,3426,3433,3439,3514,3516,3548,3554,3558,3562,3601,3603,3612,3619,3623,3662,3664,3673,3683,3687,3739,3741,3749,3752,3755,3802,3804,3812,3818,3825,3830,3833,3836,3902,3904,3912,3915,3982,3984,3992,4006,4009,4020,4024,4030,4033,4035,4051,4053,4061,4064,4067,4070,4087,4090,4093,4123,4125,4138,4142,4146,4149,4164,4169,4172,4199,4206,4209,4249,4256,4262,4270,4273,4325,4332,4396,4401,4409,4412,4430,4436,4439,4581,4587,4592,4595,4606,4609,4665,4667,4675,4678,4735,4737,4745,4748,4759,4761,4766,4775,4782,4785,4791,4794,4802,4815,4817,4849],[10,3200,3202,3203,3206],{"id":3201},"python-all-function-explained","Python ",[15,3204,3205],{},"all()"," Function Explained",[20,3208,3209,3210,3212],{},"Python’s ",[15,3211,3205],{}," function checks whether every item in an iterable is truthy.",[20,3214,3215],{},"It is a small function, but it causes a lot of beginner confusion because:",[147,3217,3218,3221,3224],{},[150,3219,3220],{},"it works with truthy and falsy values",[150,3222,3223],{},"it takes one iterable argument",[150,3225,3226,476,3229,3231],{},[15,3227,3228],{},"all([])",[15,3230,939],{},", which often seems strange at first",[134,3233,3235],{"id":3234},"quick-answer","Quick answer",[30,3237,3239],{"className":32,"code":3238,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(numbers)\nprint(result)  # True\n",[15,3240,3241,3263,3278],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3242,3243,3245,3247,3250,3252,3254,3256,3258,3260],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3244,46],{"class":45},[39,3246,50],{"class":49},[39,3248,3249],{"class":53}," [",[39,3251,58],{"class":57},[39,3253,61],{"class":53},[39,3255,64],{"class":57},[39,3257,61],{"class":53},[39,3259,73],{"class":57},[39,3261,3262],{"class":53},"]\n",[39,3264,3265,3267,3269,3272,3274,3276],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3266,86],{"class":45},[39,3268,50],{"class":49},[39,3270,3271],{"class":112}," all",[39,3273,101],{"class":53},[39,3275,992],{"class":97},[39,3277,80],{"class":53},[39,3279,3280,3282,3284,3286,3288],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,3281,113],{"class":112},[39,3283,101],{"class":53},[39,3285,118],{"class":97},[39,3287,121],{"class":53},[39,3289,1156],{"class":124},[20,3291,3292,476,3294,3296,3297,94],{},[15,3293,3205],{},[15,3295,939],{}," only if every item in the iterable is truthy. If even one item is falsy, it returns ",[15,3298,1038],{},[134,3300,137,3302,140],{"id":3301},"what-all-does",[15,3303,3205],{},[20,3305,3306,145],{},[15,3307,3205],{},[147,3309,3310,3313,3319,3324],{},[150,3311,3312],{},"checks every item in an iterable",[150,3314,3315,3316,3318],{},"returns ",[15,3317,939],{}," if all items are truthy",[150,3320,3315,3321,3323],{},[15,3322,1038],{}," if any item is falsy",[150,3325,3326],{},"works with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterables",[20,3328,3329],{},"Basic syntax:",[30,3331,3333],{"className":32,"code":3332,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"all(iterable)\n",[15,3334,3335],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3336,3337,3340,3342,3345],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3338,3339],{"class":112},"all",[39,3341,101],{"class":53},[39,3343,3344],{"class":97},"iterable",[39,3346,80],{"class":53},[20,3348,3349],{},"The argument must be a single iterable, not several separate values.",[134,3351,3353],{"id":3352},"what-truthy-and-falsy-mean","What truthy and falsy mean",[20,3355,3356,3357,177,3359,3361],{},"In Python, values are often treated as either ",[15,3358,939],{},[15,3360,1038],{}," in conditions.",[147,3363,3364,3373],{},[150,3365,3366,3370,3371],{},[3367,3368,3369],"strong",{},"Truthy"," values act like ",[15,3372,939],{},[150,3374,3375,3370,3378],{},[3367,3376,3377],{},"Falsy",[15,3379,1038],{},[20,3381,3382],{},"Common falsy values include:",[147,3384,3385,3389,3394,3399,3404,3408,3413,3418],{},[150,3386,3387],{},[15,3388,221],{},[150,3390,3391],{},[15,3392,3393],{},"0.0",[150,3395,3396],{},[15,3397,3398],{},"''",[150,3400,3401],{},[15,3402,3403],{},"None",[150,3405,3406],{},[15,3407,1038],{},[150,3409,3410],{},[15,3411,3412],{},"[]",[150,3414,3415],{},[15,3416,3417],{},"{}",[150,3419,3420],{},[15,3421,3422],{},"set()",[20,3424,3425],{},"Most other values are truthy.",[20,3427,3428,3429,94],{},"If you are new to this idea, see ",[173,3430,3432],{"href":3431},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false","Python booleans explained: true and false",[20,3434,3435,3436,145],{},"You can test this with ",[15,3437,3438],{},"bool()",[30,3440,3442],{"className":32,"code":3441,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]\n\nprint([bool(x) for x in values])\n",[15,3443,3444,3481,3485],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3445,3446,3448,3450,3452,3454,3456,3459,3461,3464,3466,3468,3471,3473,3475,3479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3447,812],{"class":45},[39,3449,50],{"class":49},[39,3451,3249],{"class":53},[39,3453,58],{"class":57},[39,3455,61],{"class":53},[39,3457,3458],{"class":57}," 0",[39,3460,61],{"class":53},[39,3462,3463],{"class":243}," ''",[39,3465,61],{"class":53},[39,3467,2920],{"class":243},[39,3469,3470],{"class":247},"hello",[39,3472,629],{"class":243},[39,3474,61],{"class":53},[39,3476,3478],{"class":3477},"s39Yj"," None",[39,3480,3262],{"class":53},[39,3482,3483],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3484,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,3486,3487,3489,3491,3494,3496,3498,3500,3503,3506,3508,3511],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,3488,113],{"class":112},[39,3490,2608],{"class":53},[39,3492,3493],{"class":2523},"bool",[39,3495,101],{"class":53},[39,3497,1798],{"class":97},[39,3499,121],{"class":53},[39,3501,3502],{"class":572}," for",[39,3504,3505],{"class":97}," x ",[39,3507,1128],{"class":572},[39,3509,3510],{"class":97}," values",[39,3512,3513],{"class":53},"])\n",[20,3515,458],{},[30,3517,3519],{"className":32,"code":3518,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[True, False, False, True, False]\n",[15,3520,3521],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3522,3523,3526,3528,3530,3533,3535,3537,3539,3542,3544,3546],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3524,3525],{"class":53},"[",[39,3527,939],{"class":3477},[39,3529,61],{"class":53},[39,3531,3532],{"class":3477}," False",[39,3534,61],{"class":53},[39,3536,3532],{"class":3477},[39,3538,61],{"class":53},[39,3540,3541],{"class":3477}," True",[39,3543,61],{"class":53},[39,3545,3532],{"class":3477},[39,3547,3262],{"class":53},[20,3549,3550,3551,3553],{},"This matters because ",[15,3552,3205],{}," does not compare values. It checks whether each value is truthy.",[134,3555,3557],{"id":3556},"basic-examples","Basic examples",[223,3559,3561],{"id":3560},"example-all-numbers-are-non-zero","Example: all numbers are non-zero",[30,3563,3565],{"className":32,"code":3564,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3566,3567,3587],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3568,3569,3571,3573,3575,3577,3579,3581,3583,3585],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3570,46],{"class":45},[39,3572,50],{"class":49},[39,3574,3249],{"class":53},[39,3576,58],{"class":57},[39,3578,61],{"class":53},[39,3580,64],{"class":57},[39,3582,61],{"class":53},[39,3584,73],{"class":57},[39,3586,3262],{"class":53},[39,3588,3589,3591,3593,3595,3597,3599],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3590,113],{"class":112},[39,3592,101],{"class":53},[39,3594,3339],{"class":112},[39,3596,101],{"class":53},[39,3598,992],{"class":97},[39,3600,1026],{"class":53},[20,3602,458],{},[30,3604,3606],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\n",[15,3607,3608],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3609,3610],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3611,3605],{"class":3477},[20,3613,3614,3615,476,3617,94],{},"Each number is truthy, so ",[15,3616,3205],{},[15,3618,939],{},[223,3620,3622],{"id":3621},"example-one-number-is-zero","Example: one number is zero",[30,3624,3626],{"className":32,"code":3625,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 0, 3]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,3627,3628,3648],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3629,3630,3632,3634,3636,3638,3640,3642,3644,3646],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3631,46],{"class":45},[39,3633,50],{"class":49},[39,3635,3249],{"class":53},[39,3637,58],{"class":57},[39,3639,61],{"class":53},[39,3641,3458],{"class":57},[39,3643,61],{"class":53},[39,3645,73],{"class":57},[39,3647,3262],{"class":53},[39,3649,3650,3652,3654,3656,3658,3660],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3651,113],{"class":112},[39,3653,101],{"class":53},[39,3655,3339],{"class":112},[39,3657,101],{"class":53},[39,3659,992],{"class":97},[39,3661,1026],{"class":53},[20,3663,458],{},[30,3665,3667],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\n",[15,3668,3669],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3670,3671],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3672,3666],{"class":3477},[20,3674,3675,3676,3678,3679,476,3681,94],{},"The value ",[15,3677,221],{}," is falsy, so ",[15,3680,3205],{},[15,3682,1038],{},[223,3684,3686],{"id":3685},"example-strings","Example: strings",[30,3688,3690],{"className":32,"code":3689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3691,3692,3725],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3693,3694,3696,3698,3700,3702,3704,3706,3708,3710,3712,3714,3716,3718,3721,3723],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3695,1191],{"class":45},[39,3697,50],{"class":49},[39,3699,3249],{"class":53},[39,3701,629],{"class":243},[39,3703,377],{"class":247},[39,3705,629],{"class":243},[39,3707,61],{"class":53},[39,3709,2920],{"class":243},[39,3711,386],{"class":247},[39,3713,629],{"class":243},[39,3715,61],{"class":53},[39,3717,2920],{"class":243},[39,3719,3720],{"class":247},"cherry",[39,3722,629],{"class":243},[39,3724,3262],{"class":53},[39,3726,3727,3729,3731,3733,3735,3737],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3728,113],{"class":112},[39,3730,101],{"class":53},[39,3732,3339],{"class":112},[39,3734,101],{"class":53},[39,3736,1229],{"class":97},[39,3738,1026],{"class":53},[20,3740,458],{},[30,3742,3743],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,3744,3745],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3746,3747],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3748,3605],{"class":3477},[20,3750,3751],{},"All strings are non-empty, so they are truthy.",[20,3753,3754],{},"Now look at a list with an empty string:",[30,3756,3758],{"className":32,"code":3757,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = ['apple', '', 'cherry']\nprint(all(words))\n",[15,3759,3760,3788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3761,3762,3764,3766,3768,3770,3772,3774,3776,3778,3780,3782,3784,3786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3763,1191],{"class":45},[39,3765,50],{"class":49},[39,3767,3249],{"class":53},[39,3769,629],{"class":243},[39,3771,377],{"class":247},[39,3773,629],{"class":243},[39,3775,61],{"class":53},[39,3777,3463],{"class":243},[39,3779,61],{"class":53},[39,3781,2920],{"class":243},[39,3783,3720],{"class":247},[39,3785,629],{"class":243},[39,3787,3262],{"class":53},[39,3789,3790,3792,3794,3796,3798,3800],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3791,113],{"class":112},[39,3793,101],{"class":53},[39,3795,3339],{"class":112},[39,3797,101],{"class":53},[39,3799,1229],{"class":97},[39,3801,1026],{"class":53},[20,3803,458],{},[30,3805,3806],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,3807,3808],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3809,3810],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3811,3666],{"class":3477},[20,3813,3814,3815,3817],{},"The empty string ",[15,3816,3398],{}," is falsy.",[134,3819,3821,3822,3824],{"id":3820},"how-all-works-with-conditions","How ",[15,3823,3205],{}," works with conditions",[20,3826,3827,3829],{},[15,3828,3205],{}," is often used with a generator expression.",[20,3831,3832],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether every item matches a rule.",[20,3834,3835],{},"For example, to check whether all numbers are positive:",[30,3837,3839],{"className":32,"code":3838,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3840,3841,3861,3888,3892],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3842,3843,3845,3847,3849,3851,3853,3855,3857,3859],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3844,46],{"class":45},[39,3846,50],{"class":49},[39,3848,3249],{"class":53},[39,3850,58],{"class":57},[39,3852,61],{"class":53},[39,3854,64],{"class":57},[39,3856,61],{"class":53},[39,3858,73],{"class":57},[39,3860,3262],{"class":53},[39,3862,3863,3865,3867,3869,3871,3873,3876,3878,3880,3882,3884,3886],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3864,86],{"class":45},[39,3866,50],{"class":49},[39,3868,3271],{"class":112},[39,3870,101],{"class":53},[39,3872,2647],{"class":97},[39,3874,3875],{"class":49},">",[39,3877,3458],{"class":57},[39,3879,3502],{"class":572},[39,3881,3505],{"class":97},[39,3883,1128],{"class":572},[39,3885,91],{"class":97},[39,3887,80],{"class":53},[39,3889,3890],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,3891,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,3893,3894,3896,3898,3900],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,3895,113],{"class":112},[39,3897,101],{"class":53},[39,3899,118],{"class":97},[39,3901,80],{"class":53},[20,3903,458],{},[30,3905,3906],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,3907,3908],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3909,3910],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3911,3605],{"class":3477},[20,3913,3914],{},"Here is one that fails:",[30,3916,3918],{"className":32,"code":3917,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, -2, 3]\nresult = all(x > 0 for x in numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,3919,3920,3942,3968,3972],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3921,3922,3924,3926,3928,3930,3932,3934,3936,3938,3940],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3923,46],{"class":45},[39,3925,50],{"class":49},[39,3927,3249],{"class":53},[39,3929,58],{"class":57},[39,3931,61],{"class":53},[39,3933,1847],{"class":49},[39,3935,104],{"class":57},[39,3937,61],{"class":53},[39,3939,73],{"class":57},[39,3941,3262],{"class":53},[39,3943,3944,3946,3948,3950,3952,3954,3956,3958,3960,3962,3964,3966],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,3945,86],{"class":45},[39,3947,50],{"class":49},[39,3949,3271],{"class":112},[39,3951,101],{"class":53},[39,3953,2647],{"class":97},[39,3955,3875],{"class":49},[39,3957,3458],{"class":57},[39,3959,3502],{"class":572},[39,3961,3505],{"class":97},[39,3963,1128],{"class":572},[39,3965,91],{"class":97},[39,3967,80],{"class":53},[39,3969,3970],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,3971,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,3973,3974,3976,3978,3980],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,3975,113],{"class":112},[39,3977,101],{"class":53},[39,3979,118],{"class":97},[39,3981,80],{"class":53},[20,3983,458],{},[30,3985,3986],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,3987,3988],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,3989,3990],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,3991,3666],{"class":3477},[20,3993,3994,3995,3998,3999,4001,4002,476,4004,94],{},"The expression ",[15,3996,3997],{},"x > 0"," is checked for each number. If every check is ",[15,4000,939],{},", then ",[15,4003,3205],{},[15,4005,939],{},[20,4007,4008],{},"This pattern keeps code short and readable.",[20,4010,4011,4012,796,4016,94],{},"If you want more practice with this style, see ",[173,4013,4015],{"href":4014},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-list-comprehensions-in-python","how to use list comprehensions in Python",[173,4017,4019],{"href":4018},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-an-iterable-in-python","what is an iterable in Python",[134,4021,4023],{"id":4022},"empty-iterable-behavior","Empty iterable behavior",[20,4025,4026,476,4028,94],{},[15,4027,3228],{},[15,4029,939],{},[20,4031,4032],{},"This surprises many beginners.",[20,4034,515],{},[30,4036,4038],{"className":32,"code":4037,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([]))\n",[15,4039,4040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4041,4042,4044,4046,4048],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4043,113],{"class":112},[39,4045,101],{"class":53},[39,4047,3339],{"class":112},[39,4049,4050],{"class":53},"([]))\n",[20,4052,458],{},[30,4054,4055],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4056,4057],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4058,4059],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4060,3605],{"class":3477},[20,4062,4063],{},"Why?",[20,4065,4066],{},"Because there is no item in the iterable that fails the test.",[20,4068,4069],{},"Think of it this way:",[147,4071,4072,4079,4082],{},[150,4073,4074,476,4076,4078],{},[15,4075,3205],{},[15,4077,1038],{}," when it finds a falsy item",[150,4080,4081],{},"an empty iterable has no items at all",[150,4083,4084,4085],{},"so there is nothing that makes it return ",[15,4086,1038],{},[20,4088,4089],{},"This is normal Python behavior, even if it feels odd at first.",[20,4091,4092],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables too:",[30,4094,4096],{"className":32,"code":4095,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all(()))\nprint(all(''))\n",[15,4097,4098,4109],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4099,4100,4102,4104,4106],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4101,113],{"class":112},[39,4103,101],{"class":53},[39,4105,3339],{"class":112},[39,4107,4108],{"class":53},"(()))\n",[39,4110,4111,4113,4115,4117,4119,4121],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4112,113],{"class":112},[39,4114,101],{"class":53},[39,4116,3339],{"class":112},[39,4118,101],{"class":53},[39,4120,3398],{"class":243},[39,4122,1026],{"class":53},[20,4124,458],{},[30,4126,4128],{"className":32,"code":4127,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nTrue\n",[15,4129,4130,4134],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4131,4132],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4133,3605],{"class":3477},[39,4135,4136],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4137,3605],{"class":3477},[134,4139,4141],{"id":4140},"common-beginner-mistakes","Common beginner mistakes",[223,4143,4145],{"id":4144},"passing-multiple-arguments","Passing multiple arguments",[20,4147,4148],{},"This is wrong:",[30,4150,4152],{"className":32,"code":4151,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong\n# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[15,4153,4154,4159],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4155,4156],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4157,4158],{"class":124},"# Wrong\n",[39,4160,4161],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4162,4163],{"class":124},"# print(all(1, 2, 3))\n",[20,4165,4166,4168],{},[15,4167,3205],{}," does not take multiple separate values.",[20,4170,4171],{},"Use one iterable instead:",[30,4173,4175],{"className":32,"code":4174,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,4176,4177],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4178,4179,4181,4183,4185,4187,4189,4191,4193,4195,4197],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4180,113],{"class":112},[39,4182,101],{"class":53},[39,4184,3339],{"class":112},[39,4186,2608],{"class":53},[39,4188,58],{"class":57},[39,4190,61],{"class":53},[39,4192,64],{"class":57},[39,4194,61],{"class":53},[39,4196,73],{"class":57},[39,4198,2621],{"class":53},[223,4200,4202,4203,4205],{"id":4201},"assuming-all-compares-values-automatically","Assuming ",[15,4204,3205],{}," compares values automatically",[20,4207,4208],{},"Some beginners expect this:",[30,4210,4212],{"className":32,"code":4211,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(numbers))\n",[15,4213,4214,4235],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4215,4216,4218,4220,4222,4224,4226,4229,4231,4233],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4217,46],{"class":45},[39,4219,50],{"class":49},[39,4221,3249],{"class":53},[39,4223,1376],{"class":57},[39,4225,61],{"class":53},[39,4227,4228],{"class":57}," 5",[39,4230,61],{"class":53},[39,4232,4228],{"class":57},[39,4234,3262],{"class":53},[39,4236,4237,4239,4241,4243,4245,4247],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4238,113],{"class":112},[39,4240,101],{"class":53},[39,4242,3339],{"class":112},[39,4244,101],{"class":53},[39,4246,992],{"class":97},[39,4248,1026],{"class":53},[20,4250,4251,4252,4255],{},"This does ",[3367,4253,4254],{},"not"," check whether all values are equal.",[20,4257,4258,4259,4261],{},"It only checks whether all values are truthy. Since ",[15,4260,1376],{}," is truthy, the result is:",[30,4263,4264],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4265,4266],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4267,4268],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4269,3605],{"class":3477},[20,4271,4272],{},"If you want to check whether all values are equal, you need a condition:",[30,4274,4276],{"className":32,"code":4275,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 5, 5]\nprint(all(x == 5 for x in numbers))\n",[15,4277,4278,4298],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4279,4280,4282,4284,4286,4288,4290,4292,4294,4296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4281,46],{"class":45},[39,4283,50],{"class":49},[39,4285,3249],{"class":53},[39,4287,1376],{"class":57},[39,4289,61],{"class":53},[39,4291,4228],{"class":57},[39,4293,61],{"class":53},[39,4295,4228],{"class":57},[39,4297,3262],{"class":53},[39,4299,4300,4302,4304,4306,4308,4310,4313,4315,4317,4319,4321,4323],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4301,113],{"class":112},[39,4303,101],{"class":53},[39,4305,3339],{"class":112},[39,4307,101],{"class":53},[39,4309,2647],{"class":97},[39,4311,4312],{"class":49},"==",[39,4314,4228],{"class":57},[39,4316,3502],{"class":572},[39,4318,3505],{"class":97},[39,4320,1128],{"class":572},[39,4322,91],{"class":97},[39,4324,1026],{"class":53},[223,4326,4328,4329,4331],{"id":4327},"forgetting-that-0-and-empty-strings-are-falsy","Forgetting that ",[15,4330,221],{}," and empty strings are falsy",[30,4333,4335],{"className":32,"code":4334,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([1, 2, 0]))       # False\nprint(all(['a', 'b', '']))  # False\n",[15,4336,4337,4363],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4338,4339,4341,4343,4345,4347,4349,4351,4353,4355,4357,4360],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4340,113],{"class":112},[39,4342,101],{"class":53},[39,4344,3339],{"class":112},[39,4346,2608],{"class":53},[39,4348,58],{"class":57},[39,4350,61],{"class":53},[39,4352,64],{"class":57},[39,4354,61],{"class":53},[39,4356,3458],{"class":57},[39,4358,4359],{"class":53},"]))",[39,4361,4362],{"class":124},"       # False\n",[39,4364,4365,4367,4369,4371,4373,4375,4377,4379,4381,4383,4385,4387,4389,4391,4393],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4366,113],{"class":112},[39,4368,101],{"class":53},[39,4370,3339],{"class":112},[39,4372,2608],{"class":53},[39,4374,629],{"class":243},[39,4376,173],{"class":247},[39,4378,629],{"class":243},[39,4380,61],{"class":53},[39,4382,2920],{"class":243},[39,4384,1070],{"class":247},[39,4386,629],{"class":243},[39,4388,61],{"class":53},[39,4390,3463],{"class":243},[39,4392,4359],{"class":53},[39,4394,4395],{"class":124},"  # False\n",[20,4397,4398,4399,94],{},"A single falsy value makes the whole result ",[15,4400,1038],{},[223,4402,4404,4405,936,4407],{"id":4403},"not-understanding-why-all-is-true","Not understanding why ",[15,4406,3228],{},[15,4408,939],{},[20,4410,4411],{},"This is expected behavior:",[30,4413,4415],{"className":32,"code":4414,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([]))  # True\n",[15,4416,4417],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4418,4419,4421,4423,4425,4428],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4420,113],{"class":112},[39,4422,101],{"class":53},[39,4424,3339],{"class":112},[39,4426,4427],{"class":53},"([]))",[39,4429,1156],{"class":124},[20,4431,4432,4433,4435],{},"It does not mean the list contains ",[15,4434,939],{},". It means there is no item that fails the check.",[20,4437,4438],{},"Useful quick tests:",[30,4440,4442],{"className":32,"code":4441,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(all([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([1, 0, 3]))\nprint([bool(x) for x in [1, 0, '', 'hello', None]])\nprint(all(x > 0 for x in [1, 2, 3]))\nprint(all([]))\n",[15,4443,4444,4466,4488,4535,4571],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4445,4446,4448,4450,4452,4454,4456,4458,4460,4462,4464],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4447,113],{"class":112},[39,4449,101],{"class":53},[39,4451,3339],{"class":112},[39,4453,2608],{"class":53},[39,4455,58],{"class":57},[39,4457,61],{"class":53},[39,4459,64],{"class":57},[39,4461,61],{"class":53},[39,4463,73],{"class":57},[39,4465,2621],{"class":53},[39,4467,4468,4470,4472,4474,4476,4478,4480,4482,4484,4486],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4469,113],{"class":112},[39,4471,101],{"class":53},[39,4473,3339],{"class":112},[39,4475,2608],{"class":53},[39,4477,58],{"class":57},[39,4479,61],{"class":53},[39,4481,3458],{"class":57},[39,4483,61],{"class":53},[39,4485,73],{"class":57},[39,4487,2621],{"class":53},[39,4489,4490,4492,4494,4496,4498,4500,4502,4504,4506,4508,4510,4512,4514,4516,4518,4520,4522,4524,4526,4528,4530,4532],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,4491,113],{"class":112},[39,4493,2608],{"class":53},[39,4495,3493],{"class":2523},[39,4497,101],{"class":53},[39,4499,1798],{"class":97},[39,4501,121],{"class":53},[39,4503,3502],{"class":572},[39,4505,3505],{"class":97},[39,4507,1128],{"class":572},[39,4509,3249],{"class":53},[39,4511,58],{"class":57},[39,4513,61],{"class":53},[39,4515,3458],{"class":57},[39,4517,61],{"class":53},[39,4519,3463],{"class":243},[39,4521,61],{"class":53},[39,4523,2920],{"class":243},[39,4525,3470],{"class":247},[39,4527,629],{"class":243},[39,4529,61],{"class":53},[39,4531,3478],{"class":3477},[39,4533,4534],{"class":53},"]])\n",[39,4536,4537,4539,4541,4543,4545,4547,4549,4551,4553,4555,4557,4559,4561,4563,4565,4567,4569],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,4538,113],{"class":112},[39,4540,101],{"class":53},[39,4542,3339],{"class":112},[39,4544,101],{"class":53},[39,4546,2647],{"class":97},[39,4548,3875],{"class":49},[39,4550,3458],{"class":57},[39,4552,3502],{"class":572},[39,4554,3505],{"class":97},[39,4556,1128],{"class":572},[39,4558,3249],{"class":53},[39,4560,58],{"class":57},[39,4562,61],{"class":53},[39,4564,64],{"class":57},[39,4566,61],{"class":53},[39,4568,73],{"class":57},[39,4570,2621],{"class":53},[39,4572,4573,4575,4577,4579],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,4574,113],{"class":112},[39,4576,101],{"class":53},[39,4578,3339],{"class":112},[39,4580,4050],{"class":53},[134,4582,4584,4585],{"id":4583},"when-to-use-all","When to use ",[15,4586,3205],{},[20,4588,4589,4591],{},[15,4590,3205],{}," is useful when you want to check that every item passes a simple test.",[20,4593,4594],{},"Common use cases:",[147,4596,4597,4600,4603],{},[150,4598,4599],{},"check if every string in a list is non-empty",[150,4601,4602],{},"validate that all numbers meet a condition",[150,4604,4605],{},"make sure all values are valid before processing data",[20,4607,4608],{},"Example: check that every name is non-empty",[30,4610,4612],{"className":32,"code":4611,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\nprint(all(names))\n",[15,4613,4614,4650],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4615,4616,4619,4621,4623,4625,4628,4630,4632,4634,4637,4639,4641,4643,4646,4648],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4617,4618],{"class":45},"names ",[39,4620,50],{"class":49},[39,4622,3249],{"class":53},[39,4624,629],{"class":243},[39,4626,4627],{"class":247},"Alice",[39,4629,629],{"class":243},[39,4631,61],{"class":53},[39,4633,2920],{"class":243},[39,4635,4636],{"class":247},"Bob",[39,4638,629],{"class":243},[39,4640,61],{"class":53},[39,4642,2920],{"class":243},[39,4644,4645],{"class":247},"Charlie",[39,4647,629],{"class":243},[39,4649,3262],{"class":53},[39,4651,4652,4654,4656,4658,4660,4663],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4653,113],{"class":112},[39,4655,101],{"class":53},[39,4657,3339],{"class":112},[39,4659,101],{"class":53},[39,4661,4662],{"class":97},"names",[39,4664,1026],{"class":53},[20,4666,458],{},[30,4668,4669],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4670,4671],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4672,4673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4674,3605],{"class":3477},[20,4676,4677],{},"Example: check that every score is at least 50",[30,4679,4681],{"className":32,"code":4680,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [75, 80, 50]\nprint(all(score >= 50 for score in scores))\n",[15,4682,4683,4706],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4684,4685,4687,4689,4691,4694,4696,4699,4701,4704],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4686,675],{"class":45},[39,4688,50],{"class":49},[39,4690,3249],{"class":53},[39,4692,4693],{"class":57},"75",[39,4695,61],{"class":53},[39,4697,4698],{"class":57}," 80",[39,4700,61],{"class":53},[39,4702,4703],{"class":57}," 50",[39,4705,3262],{"class":53},[39,4707,4708,4710,4712,4714,4716,4719,4722,4724,4726,4729,4731,4733],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4709,113],{"class":112},[39,4711,101],{"class":53},[39,4713,3339],{"class":112},[39,4715,101],{"class":53},[39,4717,4718],{"class":97},"score ",[39,4720,4721],{"class":49},">=",[39,4723,4703],{"class":57},[39,4725,3502],{"class":572},[39,4727,4728],{"class":97}," score ",[39,4730,1128],{"class":572},[39,4732,714],{"class":97},[39,4734,1026],{"class":53},[20,4736,458],{},[30,4738,4739],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,4740,4741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4742,4743],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4744,3605],{"class":3477},[20,4746,4747],{},"If the logic becomes hard to read, a plain loop is often better for beginners.",[20,4749,4750,4751,796,4755,94],{},"For related tasks, see ",[173,4752,4754],{"href":4753},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python","how to filter a list in Python",[173,4756,4758],{"href":4757},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained","iterators and iterable objects explained",[134,4760,1454],{"id":1453},[223,4762,1458,4764,1461],{"id":4763},"what-does-all-return-in-python",[15,4765,3205],{},[20,4767,4768,4769,4771,4772,4774],{},"It returns ",[15,4770,939],{}," if every item in the iterable is truthy. It returns ",[15,4773,1038],{}," if at least one item is falsy.",[223,4776,922,4778,926,4780,929],{"id":4777},"why-does-all-return-true",[15,4779,3228],{},[15,4781,939],{},[20,4783,4784],{},"Because there are no items in the iterable that fail the test.",[223,4786,1487,4788,4790],{"id":4787},"can-all-take-multiple-values-directly",[15,4789,3205],{}," take multiple values directly?",[20,4792,4793],{},"No. It takes one iterable argument, such as a list or tuple.",[223,4795,1497,4797,796,4799,929],{"id":4796},"what-is-the-difference-between-all-and-any",[15,4798,3205],{},[15,4800,4801],{},"any()",[20,4803,4804,4806,4807,4809,4810,94],{},[15,4805,3205],{}," needs every item to be truthy. ",[15,4808,4801],{}," needs at least one item to be truthy. See ",[173,4811,3202,4813,3135],{"href":4812},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained",[15,4814,4801],{},[134,4816,1514],{"id":1513},[147,4818,4819,4825,4829,4834,4839,4844],{},[150,4820,4821],{},[173,4822,3202,4823,3135],{"href":4812},[15,4824,4801],{},[150,4826,4827],{},[173,4828,3432],{"href":3431},[150,4830,4831],{},[173,4832,4833],{"href":4757},"Iterators and iterable objects explained",[150,4835,4836],{},[173,4837,4838],{"href":4753},"How to filter a list in Python",[150,4840,4841],{},[173,4842,4843],{"href":4014},"How to use list comprehensions in Python",[150,4845,4846],{},[173,4847,4848],{"href":4018},"What is an iterable in Python",[1550,4850,4851],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":4853},[4854,4855,4857,4858,4863,4865,4866,4875,4877,4887],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":3301,"depth":83,"text":4856},"What all() does",{"id":3352,"depth":83,"text":3353},{"id":3556,"depth":83,"text":3557,"children":4859},[4860,4861,4862],{"id":3560,"depth":109,"text":3561},{"id":3621,"depth":109,"text":3622},{"id":3685,"depth":109,"text":3686},{"id":3820,"depth":83,"text":4864},"How all() works with conditions",{"id":4022,"depth":83,"text":4023},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":4867},[4868,4869,4871,4873],{"id":4144,"depth":109,"text":4145},{"id":4201,"depth":109,"text":4870},"Assuming all() compares values automatically",{"id":4327,"depth":109,"text":4872},"Forgetting that 0 and empty strings are falsy",{"id":4403,"depth":109,"text":4874},"Not understanding why all([]) is True",{"id":4583,"depth":83,"text":4876},"When to use all()",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":4878},[4879,4881,4883,4885],{"id":4763,"depth":109,"text":4880},"What does all() return in Python?",{"id":4777,"depth":109,"text":4882},"Why does all([]) return True?",{"id":4787,"depth":109,"text":4884},"Can all() take multiple values directly?",{"id":4796,"depth":109,"text":4886},"What is the difference between all() and any()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python all function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained",{"title":3196,"description":4888},"reference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained","INFNBux1C5bbGXXd7ksmaHdJKP1Sy8TpO9oKs-3BZC8",{"id":4895,"title":4896,"body":4897,"description":6584,"extension":1587,"meta":6585,"navigation":420,"path":4812,"seo":6586,"stem":6587,"__hash__":6588},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained.md","Python any() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":4898,"toc":6562},[4899,4902,4910,4913,4930,4938,4980,4989,4993,4998,5001,5018,5021,5032,5044,5048,5051,5066,5071,5074,5086,5089,5173,5176,5197,5203,5205,5213,5227,5229,5263,5265,5268,5329,5331,5348,5351,5378,5380,5388,5400,5404,5407,5446,5448,5456,5458,5474,5482,5485,5528,5530,5538,5543,5547,5555,5558,5585,5588,5591,5663,5665,5673,5680,5704,5715,5718,5797,5799,5807,5814,5818,5823,5838,5840,5848,5851,5857,5860,5906,5908,5925,5929,5934,5945,5948,6062,6065,6124,6130,6132,6137,6141,6143,6162,6168,6171,6190,6194,6203,6230,6232,6240,6248,6252,6258,6281,6283,6291,6298,6302,6305,6356,6359,6410,6413,6415,6419,6426,6430,6437,6441,6449,6453,6456,6478,6480,6530,6532,6559],[10,4900,4896],{"id":4901},"python-any-function-explained",[20,4903,4904,4906,4907,94],{},[15,4905,4801],{}," is a built-in Python function that checks an iterable and tells you whether ",[3367,4908,4909],{},"at least one item is truthy",[20,4911,4912],{},"You will usually use it with values like:",[147,4914,4915,4918,4921,4924,4927],{},[150,4916,4917],{},"lists",[150,4919,4920],{},"tuples",[150,4922,4923],{},"sets",[150,4925,4926],{},"strings",[150,4928,4929],{},"generator expressions",[20,4931,4932,4933,177,4935,4937],{},"It is useful when you want a quick ",[15,4934,939],{},[15,4936,1038],{}," answer without writing a full loop.",[30,4939,4941],{"className":32,"code":4940,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))  # True\n",[15,4942,4943,4963],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,4944,4945,4947,4949,4951,4953,4955,4957,4959,4961],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,4946,812],{"class":45},[39,4948,50],{"class":49},[39,4950,3249],{"class":53},[39,4952,221],{"class":57},[39,4954,61],{"class":53},[39,4956,3463],{"class":243},[39,4958,61],{"class":53},[39,4960,4228],{"class":57},[39,4962,3262],{"class":53},[39,4964,4965,4967,4969,4972,4974,4976,4978],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,4966,113],{"class":112},[39,4968,101],{"class":53},[39,4970,4971],{"class":112},"any",[39,4973,101],{"class":53},[39,4975,856],{"class":97},[39,4977,303],{"class":53},[39,4979,1156],{"class":124},[20,4981,128,4982,4985,4986,4988],{},[15,4983,4984],{},"any(iterable)"," when you want ",[15,4987,939],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy.",[134,4990,4992],{"id":4991},"what-any-does","What any() does",[20,4994,4995,4997],{},[15,4996,4801],{}," checks an iterable such as a list, tuple, set, or generator.",[20,4999,5000],{},"It returns:",[147,5002,5003,5008,5013],{},[150,5004,5005,5007],{},[15,5006,939],{}," if at least one item is truthy",[150,5009,5010,5012],{},[15,5011,1038],{}," if all items are falsy",[150,5014,5015,5017],{},[15,5016,1038],{}," if the iterable is empty",[20,5019,5020],{},"This makes it a good choice for simple checks like:",[147,5022,5023,5026,5029],{},[150,5024,5025],{},"\"Does this list contain at least one real value?\"",[150,5027,5028],{},"\"Does any number match this condition?\"",[150,5030,5031],{},"\"Is there at least one non-empty string?\"",[20,5033,5034,5035,5038,5039,94],{},"If you want the opposite behavior, where ",[3367,5036,5037],{},"every"," item must be truthy, see ",[173,5040,5042],{"href":5041},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-all-function-explained\u002F",[15,5043,3205],{},[134,5045,5047],{"id":5046},"syntax","Syntax",[20,5049,5050],{},"The syntax is simple:",[30,5052,5054],{"className":32,"code":5053,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"any(iterable)\n",[15,5055,5056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5057,5058,5060,5062,5064],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5059,4971],{"class":112},[39,5061,101],{"class":53},[39,5063,3344],{"class":97},[39,5065,80],{"class":53},[20,5067,5068,5069,94],{},"The argument must be an ",[3367,5070,3344],{},[20,5072,5073],{},"Common inputs include:",[147,5075,5076,5078,5080,5082,5084],{},[150,5077,4917],{},[150,5079,4920],{},[150,5081,4923],{},[150,5083,4926],{},[150,5085,4929],{},[20,5087,5088],{},"For example:",[30,5090,5092],{"className":32,"code":5091,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([0, 0, 1]))\nprint(any((False, False)))\nprint(any({0, 2}))\nprint(any(\"hello\"))\n",[15,5093,5094,5116,5135,5155],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5095,5096,5098,5100,5102,5104,5106,5108,5110,5112,5114],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5097,113],{"class":112},[39,5099,101],{"class":53},[39,5101,4971],{"class":112},[39,5103,2608],{"class":53},[39,5105,221],{"class":57},[39,5107,61],{"class":53},[39,5109,3458],{"class":57},[39,5111,61],{"class":53},[39,5113,595],{"class":57},[39,5115,2621],{"class":53},[39,5117,5118,5120,5122,5124,5127,5129,5131,5133],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5119,113],{"class":112},[39,5121,101],{"class":53},[39,5123,4971],{"class":112},[39,5125,5126],{"class":53},"((",[39,5128,1038],{"class":3477},[39,5130,61],{"class":53},[39,5132,3532],{"class":3477},[39,5134,2534],{"class":53},[39,5136,5137,5139,5141,5143,5146,5148,5150,5152],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5138,113],{"class":112},[39,5140,101],{"class":53},[39,5142,4971],{"class":112},[39,5144,5145],{"class":53},"({",[39,5147,221],{"class":57},[39,5149,61],{"class":53},[39,5151,64],{"class":57},[39,5153,5154],{"class":53},"}))\n",[39,5156,5157,5159,5161,5163,5165,5167,5169,5171],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,5158,113],{"class":112},[39,5160,101],{"class":53},[39,5162,4971],{"class":112},[39,5164,101],{"class":53},[39,5166,244],{"class":243},[39,5168,3470],{"class":247},[39,5170,244],{"class":243},[39,5172,1026],{"class":53},[20,5174,5175],{},"Expected output:",[30,5177,5179],{"className":32,"code":5178,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nFalse\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5180,5181,5185,5189,5193],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5182,5183],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5184,3605],{"class":3477},[39,5186,5187],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5188,3666],{"class":3477},[39,5190,5191],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5192,3605],{"class":3477},[39,5194,5195],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,5196,3605],{"class":3477},[20,5198,5199,5200,94],{},"If you are not sure what an iterable is, read ",[173,5201,4758],{"href":5202},"\u002Flearn\u002Fiterators-and-iterable-objects-explained\u002F",[134,5204,3353],{"id":3352},[20,5206,3356,5207,177,5210,3361],{},[3367,5208,5209],{},"truthy",[3367,5211,5212],{},"falsy",[147,5214,5215,5221],{},[150,5216,5217,3370,5219],{},[3367,5218,3369],{},[15,5220,939],{},[150,5222,5223,3370,5225],{},[3367,5224,3377],{},[15,5226,1038],{},[20,5228,3382],{},[147,5230,5231,5235,5239,5243,5247,5251,5255,5259],{},[150,5232,5233],{},[15,5234,1038],{},[150,5236,5237],{},[15,5238,221],{},[150,5240,5241],{},[15,5242,3393],{},[150,5244,5245],{},[15,5246,3398],{},[150,5248,5249],{},[15,5250,3412],{},[150,5252,5253],{},[15,5254,3417],{},[150,5256,5257],{},[15,5258,3422],{},[150,5260,5261],{},[15,5262,3403],{},[20,5264,3425],{},[20,5266,5267],{},"That means these values are truthy:",[30,5269,5271],{"className":32,"code":5270,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([1]))\nprint(any(['hello']))\nprint(any([[1, 2, 3]]))\n",[15,5272,5273,5287,5305],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5274,5275,5277,5279,5281,5283,5285],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5276,113],{"class":112},[39,5278,101],{"class":53},[39,5280,4971],{"class":112},[39,5282,2608],{"class":53},[39,5284,58],{"class":57},[39,5286,2621],{"class":53},[39,5288,5289,5291,5293,5295,5297,5299,5301,5303],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5290,113],{"class":112},[39,5292,101],{"class":53},[39,5294,4971],{"class":112},[39,5296,2608],{"class":53},[39,5298,629],{"class":243},[39,5300,3470],{"class":247},[39,5302,629],{"class":243},[39,5304,2621],{"class":53},[39,5306,5307,5309,5311,5313,5316,5318,5320,5322,5324,5326],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5308,113],{"class":112},[39,5310,101],{"class":53},[39,5312,4971],{"class":112},[39,5314,5315],{"class":53},"([[",[39,5317,58],{"class":57},[39,5319,61],{"class":53},[39,5321,64],{"class":57},[39,5323,61],{"class":53},[39,5325,73],{"class":57},[39,5327,5328],{"class":53},"]]))\n",[20,5330,5175],{},[30,5332,5334],{"className":32,"code":5333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,5335,5336,5340,5344],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5337,5338],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5339,3605],{"class":3477},[39,5341,5342],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5343,3605],{"class":3477},[39,5345,5346],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5347,3605],{"class":3477},[20,5349,5350],{},"And these are all falsy:",[30,5352,5354],{"className":32,"code":5353,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([0, '', None]))\n",[15,5355,5356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5357,5358,5360,5362,5364,5366,5368,5370,5372,5374,5376],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5359,113],{"class":112},[39,5361,101],{"class":53},[39,5363,4971],{"class":112},[39,5365,2608],{"class":53},[39,5367,221],{"class":57},[39,5369,61],{"class":53},[39,5371,3463],{"class":243},[39,5373,61],{"class":53},[39,5375,3478],{"class":3477},[39,5377,2621],{"class":53},[20,5379,5175],{},[30,5381,5382],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5383,5384],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5385,5386],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5387,3666],{"class":3477},[20,5389,5390,5391,796,5394,94],{},"If you want to understand this more clearly, see ",[173,5392,3432],{"href":5393},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-booleans-explained-true-and-false\u002F",[173,5395,5397,5399],{"href":5396},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained\u002F",[15,5398,3438],{}," explained",[134,5401,5403],{"id":5402},"basic-example","Basic example",[20,5405,5406],{},"Here is a simple example with one truthy value:",[30,5408,5410],{"className":32,"code":5409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [0, '', 5]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5411,5412,5432],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5413,5414,5416,5418,5420,5422,5424,5426,5428,5430],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5415,812],{"class":45},[39,5417,50],{"class":49},[39,5419,3249],{"class":53},[39,5421,221],{"class":57},[39,5423,61],{"class":53},[39,5425,3463],{"class":243},[39,5427,61],{"class":53},[39,5429,4228],{"class":57},[39,5431,3262],{"class":53},[39,5433,5434,5436,5438,5440,5442,5444],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5435,113],{"class":112},[39,5437,101],{"class":53},[39,5439,4971],{"class":112},[39,5441,101],{"class":53},[39,5443,856],{"class":97},[39,5445,1026],{"class":53},[20,5447,458],{},[30,5449,5450],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5451,5452],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5453,5454],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5455,3605],{"class":3477},[20,5457,4063],{},[147,5459,5460,5465,5469],{},[150,5461,5462,5464],{},[15,5463,221],{}," is falsy",[150,5466,5467,5464],{},[15,5468,3398],{},[150,5470,5471,5473],{},[15,5472,1376],{}," is truthy",[20,5475,5476,5477,476,5480,94],{},"Since at least one item is truthy, ",[15,5478,5479],{},"any(values)",[15,5481,939],{},[20,5483,5484],{},"Now look at a list where every item is falsy:",[30,5486,5488],{"className":32,"code":5487,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [0, '', None, False]\nprint(any(values))\n",[15,5489,5490,5514],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5491,5492,5494,5496,5498,5500,5502,5504,5506,5508,5510,5512],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5493,812],{"class":45},[39,5495,50],{"class":49},[39,5497,3249],{"class":53},[39,5499,221],{"class":57},[39,5501,61],{"class":53},[39,5503,3463],{"class":243},[39,5505,61],{"class":53},[39,5507,3478],{"class":3477},[39,5509,61],{"class":53},[39,5511,3532],{"class":3477},[39,5513,3262],{"class":53},[39,5515,5516,5518,5520,5522,5524,5526],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5517,113],{"class":112},[39,5519,101],{"class":53},[39,5521,4971],{"class":112},[39,5523,101],{"class":53},[39,5525,856],{"class":97},[39,5527,1026],{"class":53},[20,5529,458],{},[30,5531,5532],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5533,5534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5535,5536],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5537,3666],{"class":3477},[20,5539,5540,5541,94],{},"Here, none of the items are truthy, so the result is ",[15,5542,1038],{},[134,5544,5546],{"id":5545},"using-any-with-conditions","Using any() with conditions",[20,5548,5549,5551,5552,94],{},[15,5550,4801],{}," is often used with a ",[3367,5553,5554],{},"generator expression",[20,5556,5557],{},"This is a common pattern:",[30,5559,5561],{"className":32,"code":5560,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"any(condition for item in items)\n",[15,5562,5563],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5564,5565,5567,5569,5572,5575,5578,5580,5583],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5566,4971],{"class":112},[39,5568,101],{"class":53},[39,5570,5571],{"class":97},"condition ",[39,5573,5574],{"class":572},"for",[39,5576,5577],{"class":97}," item ",[39,5579,1128],{"class":572},[39,5581,5582],{"class":97}," items",[39,5584,80],{"class":53},[20,5586,5587],{},"It is useful when you want to check whether any item matches a rule.",[20,5589,5590],{},"For example, to check whether any number is negative:",[30,5592,5594],{"className":32,"code":5593,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [4, 7, -2, 10]\n\nresult = any(x \u003C 0 for x in numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,5595,5596,5622,5626,5653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5597,5598,5600,5602,5604,5606,5608,5610,5612,5614,5616,5618,5620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5599,46],{"class":45},[39,5601,50],{"class":49},[39,5603,3249],{"class":53},[39,5605,1333],{"class":57},[39,5607,61],{"class":53},[39,5609,1338],{"class":57},[39,5611,61],{"class":53},[39,5613,1847],{"class":49},[39,5615,104],{"class":57},[39,5617,61],{"class":53},[39,5619,692],{"class":57},[39,5621,3262],{"class":53},[39,5623,5624],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5625,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,5627,5628,5630,5632,5635,5637,5639,5641,5643,5645,5647,5649,5651],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5629,86],{"class":45},[39,5631,50],{"class":49},[39,5633,5634],{"class":112}," any",[39,5636,101],{"class":53},[39,5638,2647],{"class":97},[39,5640,2914],{"class":49},[39,5642,3458],{"class":57},[39,5644,3502],{"class":572},[39,5646,3505],{"class":97},[39,5648,1128],{"class":572},[39,5650,91],{"class":97},[39,5652,80],{"class":53},[39,5654,5655,5657,5659,5661],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,5656,113],{"class":112},[39,5658,101],{"class":53},[39,5660,118],{"class":97},[39,5662,80],{"class":53},[20,5664,458],{},[30,5666,5667],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5668,5669],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5670,5671],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5672,3605],{"class":3477},[20,5674,5675,5676,5679],{},"This works because ",[15,5677,5678],{},"x \u003C 0"," is checked for each number:",[147,5681,5682,5690,5697],{},[150,5683,5684,5687,5688],{},[15,5685,5686],{},"4 \u003C 0"," → ",[15,5689,1038],{},[150,5691,5692,5687,5695],{},[15,5693,5694],{},"7 \u003C 0",[15,5696,1038],{},[150,5698,5699,5687,5702],{},[15,5700,5701],{},"-2 \u003C 0",[15,5703,939],{},[20,5705,5706,5707,5709,5710,5712,5713,94],{},"As soon as Python finds one ",[15,5708,939],{}," result, ",[15,5711,4801],{}," can return ",[15,5714,939],{},[20,5716,5717],{},"Here is another example:",[30,5719,5721],{"className":32,"code":5720,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"\", \"banana\"]\n\nhas_empty_string = any(word == \"\" for word in words)\nprint(has_empty_string)\n",[15,5722,5723,5752,5756,5786],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5724,5725,5727,5729,5731,5733,5735,5737,5739,5742,5744,5746,5748,5750],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5726,1191],{"class":45},[39,5728,50],{"class":49},[39,5730,3249],{"class":53},[39,5732,244],{"class":243},[39,5734,377],{"class":247},[39,5736,244],{"class":243},[39,5738,61],{"class":53},[39,5740,5741],{"class":243}," \"\"",[39,5743,61],{"class":53},[39,5745,255],{"class":243},[39,5747,386],{"class":247},[39,5749,244],{"class":243},[39,5751,3262],{"class":53},[39,5753,5754],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5755,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,5757,5758,5761,5763,5765,5767,5770,5772,5774,5776,5779,5781,5784],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5759,5760],{"class":45},"has_empty_string ",[39,5762,50],{"class":49},[39,5764,5634],{"class":112},[39,5766,101],{"class":53},[39,5768,5769],{"class":97},"word ",[39,5771,4312],{"class":49},[39,5773,5741],{"class":243},[39,5775,3502],{"class":572},[39,5777,5778],{"class":97}," word ",[39,5780,1128],{"class":572},[39,5782,5783],{"class":97}," words",[39,5785,80],{"class":53},[39,5787,5788,5790,5792,5795],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,5789,113],{"class":112},[39,5791,101],{"class":53},[39,5793,5794],{"class":97},"has_empty_string",[39,5796,80],{"class":53},[20,5798,458],{},[30,5800,5801],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5802,5803],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5804,5805],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5806,3605],{"class":3477},[20,5808,5809,5810,94],{},"This style is often cleaner than writing a full loop for a simple match check. For related list-checking examples, see ",[173,5811,5813],{"href":5812},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-value-exists-in-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[134,5815,5817],{"id":5816},"empty-iterables","Empty iterables",[20,5819,5820,5821,145],{},"An empty iterable returns ",[15,5822,1038],{},[30,5824,5826],{"className":32,"code":5825,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([]))\n",[15,5827,5828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5829,5830,5832,5834,5836],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5831,113],{"class":112},[39,5833,101],{"class":53},[39,5835,4971],{"class":112},[39,5837,4050],{"class":53},[20,5839,458],{},[30,5841,5842],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,5843,5844],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5845,5846],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5847,3666],{"class":3477},[20,5849,5850],{},"This can surprise beginners.",[20,5852,5853,5854,5856],{},"The reason is simple: ",[15,5855,4801],{}," looks for at least one truthy item. In an empty iterable, there are no items at all, so there is nothing truthy to find.",[20,5858,5859],{},"The same idea applies to other empty iterables:",[30,5861,5863],{"className":32,"code":5862,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any(()))\nprint(any(\"\"))\nprint(any(set()))\n",[15,5864,5865,5875,5890],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5866,5867,5869,5871,5873],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5868,113],{"class":112},[39,5870,101],{"class":53},[39,5872,4971],{"class":112},[39,5874,4108],{"class":53},[39,5876,5877,5879,5881,5883,5885,5888],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5878,113],{"class":112},[39,5880,101],{"class":53},[39,5882,4971],{"class":112},[39,5884,101],{"class":53},[39,5886,5887],{"class":243},"\"\"",[39,5889,1026],{"class":53},[39,5891,5892,5894,5896,5898,5900,5903],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5893,113],{"class":112},[39,5895,101],{"class":53},[39,5897,4971],{"class":112},[39,5899,101],{"class":53},[39,5901,5902],{"class":2523},"set",[39,5904,5905],{"class":53},"()))\n",[20,5907,458],{},[30,5909,5911],{"className":32,"code":5910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,5912,5913,5917,5921],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5914,5915],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5916,3666],{"class":3477},[39,5918,5919],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5920,3666],{"class":3477},[39,5922,5923],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5924,3666],{"class":3477},[134,5926,5928],{"id":5927},"when-to-use-any","When to use any()",[20,5930,128,5931,5933],{},[15,5932,4801],{}," when you want to:",[147,5935,5936,5939,5942],{},[150,5937,5938],{},"check whether a list contains at least one matching value",[150,5940,5941],{},"simplify loops that only need one match",[150,5943,5944],{},"make condition checks shorter and easier to read",[20,5946,5947],{},"For example, instead of writing this:",[30,5949,5951],{"className":32,"code":5950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\n\nfound_even = False\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        found_even = True\n        break\n\nprint(found_even)\n",[15,5952,5953,5978,5982,5992,5996,6009,6028,6039,6045,6050],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,5954,5955,5957,5959,5961,5963,5965,5967,5969,5971,5973,5976],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,5956,46],{"class":45},[39,5958,50],{"class":49},[39,5960,3249],{"class":53},[39,5962,58],{"class":57},[39,5964,61],{"class":53},[39,5966,73],{"class":57},[39,5968,61],{"class":53},[39,5970,4228],{"class":57},[39,5972,61],{"class":53},[39,5974,5975],{"class":57}," 8",[39,5977,3262],{"class":53},[39,5979,5980],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,5981,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,5983,5984,5987,5989],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,5985,5986],{"class":45},"found_even ",[39,5988,50],{"class":49},[39,5990,5991],{"class":3477}," False\n",[39,5993,5994],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,5995,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,5997,5998,6000,6003,6005,6007],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,5999,5574],{"class":572},[39,6001,6002],{"class":45}," number ",[39,6004,1128],{"class":572},[39,6006,91],{"class":45},[39,6008,598],{"class":53},[39,6010,6011,6014,6016,6019,6021,6024,6026],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,6012,6013],{"class":572},"    if",[39,6015,6002],{"class":45},[39,6017,6018],{"class":49},"%",[39,6020,64],{"class":57},[39,6022,6023],{"class":49}," ==",[39,6025,3458],{"class":57},[39,6027,598],{"class":53},[39,6029,6031,6034,6036],{"class":41,"line":6030},7,[39,6032,6033],{"class":45},"        found_even ",[39,6035,50],{"class":49},[39,6037,6038],{"class":3477}," True\n",[39,6040,6042],{"class":41,"line":6041},8,[39,6043,6044],{"class":572},"        break\n",[39,6046,6048],{"class":41,"line":6047},9,[39,6049,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,6051,6053,6055,6057,6060],{"class":41,"line":6052},10,[39,6054,113],{"class":112},[39,6056,101],{"class":53},[39,6058,6059],{"class":97},"found_even",[39,6061,80],{"class":53},[20,6063,6064],{},"You can write:",[30,6066,6068],{"className":32,"code":6067,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 3, 5, 8]\nprint(any(number % 2 == 0 for number in numbers))\n",[15,6069,6070,6094],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6071,6072,6074,6076,6078,6080,6082,6084,6086,6088,6090,6092],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6073,46],{"class":45},[39,6075,50],{"class":49},[39,6077,3249],{"class":53},[39,6079,58],{"class":57},[39,6081,61],{"class":53},[39,6083,73],{"class":57},[39,6085,61],{"class":53},[39,6087,4228],{"class":57},[39,6089,61],{"class":53},[39,6091,5975],{"class":57},[39,6093,3262],{"class":53},[39,6095,6096,6098,6100,6102,6104,6106,6108,6110,6112,6114,6116,6118,6120,6122],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,6097,113],{"class":112},[39,6099,101],{"class":53},[39,6101,4971],{"class":112},[39,6103,101],{"class":53},[39,6105,1842],{"class":97},[39,6107,6018],{"class":49},[39,6109,64],{"class":57},[39,6111,6023],{"class":49},[39,6113,3458],{"class":57},[39,6115,3502],{"class":572},[39,6117,6002],{"class":97},[39,6119,1128],{"class":572},[39,6121,91],{"class":97},[39,6123,1026],{"class":53},[20,6125,6126,6127,6129],{},"Both work, but ",[15,6128,4801],{}," is shorter and easier to read when you only need a yes-or-no answer.",[134,6131,4141],{"id":4140},[20,6133,6134,6135,94],{},"Here are some common mistakes with ",[15,6136,4801],{},[223,6138,6140],{"id":6139},"passing-a-single-number-instead-of-an-iterable","Passing a single number instead of an iterable",[20,6142,4148],{},[30,6144,6146],{"className":32,"code":6145,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any(5))\n",[15,6147,6148],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6149,6150,6152,6154,6156,6158,6160],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6151,113],{"class":112},[39,6153,101],{"class":53},[39,6155,4971],{"class":112},[39,6157,101],{"class":53},[39,6159,1376],{"class":57},[39,6161,1026],{"class":53},[20,6163,6164,6165,6167],{},"It causes an error because ",[15,6166,1376],{}," is not iterable.",[20,6169,6170],{},"Use an iterable instead:",[30,6172,6174],{"className":32,"code":6173,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([5]))\n",[15,6175,6176],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6177,6178,6180,6182,6184,6186,6188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6179,113],{"class":112},[39,6181,101],{"class":53},[39,6183,4971],{"class":112},[39,6185,2608],{"class":53},[39,6187,1376],{"class":57},[39,6189,2621],{"class":53},[223,6191,6193],{"id":6192},"thinking-any-checks-whether-all-values-are-true","Thinking any() checks whether all values are True",[20,6195,6196,6198,6199,6202],{},[15,6197,4801],{}," needs only ",[3367,6200,6201],{},"one"," truthy item.",[30,6204,6206],{"className":32,"code":6205,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([False, False, True]))\n",[15,6207,6208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6209,6210,6212,6214,6216,6218,6220,6222,6224,6226,6228],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6211,113],{"class":112},[39,6213,101],{"class":53},[39,6215,4971],{"class":112},[39,6217,2608],{"class":53},[39,6219,1038],{"class":3477},[39,6221,61],{"class":53},[39,6223,3532],{"class":3477},[39,6225,61],{"class":53},[39,6227,3541],{"class":3477},[39,6229,2621],{"class":53},[20,6231,458],{},[30,6233,6234],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6235,6236],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6237,6238],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6239,3605],{"class":3477},[20,6241,6242,6243,6247],{},"If you need every item to be truthy, use ",[173,6244,6245],{"href":5041},[15,6246,3205],{}," instead.",[223,6249,6251],{"id":6250},"forgetting-that-non-empty-strings-are-truthy","Forgetting that non-empty strings are truthy",[20,6253,6254,6255,94],{},"A non-empty string is truthy, even if it is not ",[15,6256,6257],{},"\"True\"",[30,6259,6261],{"className":32,"code":6260,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(any([\"False\"]))\n",[15,6262,6263],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6264,6265,6267,6269,6271,6273,6275,6277,6279],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6266,113],{"class":112},[39,6268,101],{"class":53},[39,6270,4971],{"class":112},[39,6272,2608],{"class":53},[39,6274,244],{"class":243},[39,6276,1038],{"class":247},[39,6278,244],{"class":243},[39,6280,2621],{"class":53},[20,6282,458],{},[30,6284,6285],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6286,6287],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6288,6289],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6290,3605],{"class":3477},[20,6292,6293,6294,6297],{},"That is because ",[15,6295,6296],{},"\"False\""," is a non-empty string.",[223,6299,6301],{"id":6300},"using-a-list-comprehension-when-a-generator-expression-is-enough","Using a list comprehension when a generator expression is enough",[20,6303,6304],{},"This works:",[30,6306,6308],{"className":32,"code":6307,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any([x > 2 for x in numbers]))\n",[15,6309,6310,6330],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6311,6312,6314,6316,6318,6320,6322,6324,6326,6328],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6313,46],{"class":45},[39,6315,50],{"class":49},[39,6317,3249],{"class":53},[39,6319,58],{"class":57},[39,6321,61],{"class":53},[39,6323,64],{"class":57},[39,6325,61],{"class":53},[39,6327,73],{"class":57},[39,6329,3262],{"class":53},[39,6331,6332,6334,6336,6338,6340,6342,6344,6346,6348,6350,6352,6354],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,6333,113],{"class":112},[39,6335,101],{"class":53},[39,6337,4971],{"class":112},[39,6339,2608],{"class":53},[39,6341,2647],{"class":97},[39,6343,3875],{"class":49},[39,6345,64],{"class":57},[39,6347,3502],{"class":572},[39,6349,3505],{"class":97},[39,6351,1128],{"class":572},[39,6353,91],{"class":97},[39,6355,2621],{"class":53},[20,6357,6358],{},"But this is usually better:",[30,6360,6362],{"className":32,"code":6361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(any(x > 2 for x in numbers))\n",[15,6363,6364,6384],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6365,6366,6368,6370,6372,6374,6376,6378,6380,6382],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6367,46],{"class":45},[39,6369,50],{"class":49},[39,6371,3249],{"class":53},[39,6373,58],{"class":57},[39,6375,61],{"class":53},[39,6377,64],{"class":57},[39,6379,61],{"class":53},[39,6381,73],{"class":57},[39,6383,3262],{"class":53},[39,6385,6386,6388,6390,6392,6394,6396,6398,6400,6402,6404,6406,6408],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,6387,113],{"class":112},[39,6389,101],{"class":53},[39,6391,4971],{"class":112},[39,6393,101],{"class":53},[39,6395,2647],{"class":97},[39,6397,3875],{"class":49},[39,6399,64],{"class":57},[39,6401,3502],{"class":572},[39,6403,3505],{"class":97},[39,6405,1128],{"class":572},[39,6407,91],{"class":97},[39,6409,1026],{"class":53},[20,6411,6412],{},"The second version avoids creating an unnecessary list.",[134,6414,1454],{"id":1453},[223,6416,6418],{"id":6417},"what-does-any-return-in-python","What does any() return in Python?",[20,6420,4768,6421,6423,6424,94],{},[15,6422,939],{}," if at least one item in the iterable is truthy. Otherwise it returns ",[15,6425,1038],{},[223,6427,6429],{"id":6428},"what-happens-if-the-iterable-is-empty","What happens if the iterable is empty?",[20,6431,6432,476,6434,6436],{},[15,6433,4801],{},[15,6435,1038],{}," for an empty iterable.",[223,6438,6440],{"id":6439},"what-is-the-difference-between-any-and-all","What is the difference between any() and all()?",[20,6442,6443,6445,6446,6448],{},[15,6444,4801],{}," needs one truthy item. ",[15,6447,3205],{}," needs every item to be truthy.",[223,6450,6452],{"id":6451},"can-i-use-any-with-a-condition","Can I use any() with a condition?",[20,6454,6455],{},"Yes. A common pattern is:",[30,6457,6458],{"className":32,"code":5560,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6459,6460],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6461,6462,6464,6466,6468,6470,6472,6474,6476],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6463,4971],{"class":112},[39,6465,101],{"class":53},[39,6467,5571],{"class":97},[39,6469,5574],{"class":572},[39,6471,5577],{"class":97},[39,6473,1128],{"class":572},[39,6475,5582],{"class":97},[39,6477,80],{"class":53},[20,6479,5088],{},[30,6481,6482],{"className":32,"code":6361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6483,6484,6504],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6485,6486,6488,6490,6492,6494,6496,6498,6500,6502],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6487,46],{"class":45},[39,6489,50],{"class":49},[39,6491,3249],{"class":53},[39,6493,58],{"class":57},[39,6495,61],{"class":53},[39,6497,64],{"class":57},[39,6499,61],{"class":53},[39,6501,73],{"class":57},[39,6503,3262],{"class":53},[39,6505,6506,6508,6510,6512,6514,6516,6518,6520,6522,6524,6526,6528],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,6507,113],{"class":112},[39,6509,101],{"class":53},[39,6511,4971],{"class":112},[39,6513,101],{"class":53},[39,6515,2647],{"class":97},[39,6517,3875],{"class":49},[39,6519,64],{"class":57},[39,6521,3502],{"class":572},[39,6523,3505],{"class":97},[39,6525,1128],{"class":572},[39,6527,91],{"class":97},[39,6529,1026],{"class":53},[134,6531,1514],{"id":1513},[147,6533,6534,6540,6544,6548,6553],{},[150,6535,6536],{},[173,6537,6538,3135],{"href":5041},[15,6539,3205],{},[150,6541,6542],{},[173,6543,3432],{"href":5393},[150,6545,6546],{},[173,6547,4833],{"href":5202},[150,6549,6550],{},[173,6551,6552],{"href":5812},"How to check if a value exists in a list in Python",[150,6554,6555],{},[173,6556,6557,3135],{"href":5396},[15,6558,3438],{},[1550,6560,6561],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":6563},[6564,6565,6566,6567,6568,6569,6570,6571,6577,6583],{"id":4991,"depth":83,"text":4992},{"id":5046,"depth":83,"text":5047},{"id":3352,"depth":83,"text":3353},{"id":5402,"depth":83,"text":5403},{"id":5545,"depth":83,"text":5546},{"id":5816,"depth":83,"text":5817},{"id":5927,"depth":83,"text":5928},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":6572},[6573,6574,6575,6576],{"id":6139,"depth":109,"text":6140},{"id":6192,"depth":109,"text":6193},{"id":6250,"depth":109,"text":6251},{"id":6300,"depth":109,"text":6301},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":6578},[6579,6580,6581,6582],{"id":6417,"depth":109,"text":6418},{"id":6428,"depth":109,"text":6429},{"id":6439,"depth":109,"text":6440},{"id":6451,"depth":109,"text":6452},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python any function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":4896,"description":6584},"reference\u002Fpython-any-function-explained","uL7-T2Lk2YfmN9VEO8KlebxCO6XTQT36wCuJPf1m2Jw",{"id":6590,"title":6591,"body":6592,"description":8716,"extension":1587,"meta":8717,"navigation":420,"path":8718,"seo":8719,"stem":8720,"__hash__":8721},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained.md","Python bool() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":6593,"toc":8679},[6594,6597,6606,6615,6617,6714,6716,6745,6761,6765,6770,6773,6783,6789,6795,6811,6813,6821,6828,6832,6835,6850,6855,6873,6878,6880,6928,6930,6947,6951,6957,6960,6995,6997,7103,7105,7142,7146,7154,7156,7176,7178,7299,7301,7330,7333,7356,7358,7366,7374,7378,7384,7388,7429,7431,7439,7442,7470,7472,7480,7484,7513,7515,7523,7555,7557,7565,7569,7620,7622,7630,7638,7642,7645,7697,7699,7719,7726,7730,7736,7739,7747,7769,7771,7779,7787,7810,7812,7820,7825,7830,7842,7844,7885,7896,7900,7909,7912,7915,7974,7977,8029,8032,8037,8053,8059,8061,8066,8073,8076,8098,8100,8108,8113,8116,8151,8153,8161,8165,8170,8208,8219,8222,8276,8284,8288,8291,8313,8321,8324,8365,8367,8390,8396,8401,8416,8418,8438,8441,8460,8462,8481,8485,8491,8570,8573,8587,8594,8596,8600,8607,8611,8615,8619,8624,8628,8633,8637,8644,8646,8676],[10,6595,6591],{"id":6596},"python-bool-function-explained",[20,6598,1604,6599,6601,6602,177,6604,94],{},[15,6600,3438],{}," function converts a value to either ",[15,6603,939],{},[15,6605,1038],{},[20,6607,6608,6609,6611,6612,6614],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a value counts as \"true\" or \"false\" in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,6610,3438],{}," to understand how values behave in ",[15,6613,511],{}," statements and other conditions.",[134,6616,3235],{"id":3234},[30,6618,6620],{"className":32,"code":6619,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(1))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,6621,6622,6636,6650,6664,6682,6692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6623,6624,6626,6628,6630,6632,6634],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6625,113],{"class":112},[39,6627,101],{"class":53},[39,6629,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6631,101],{"class":53},[39,6633,221],{"class":57},[39,6635,1026],{"class":53},[39,6637,6638,6640,6642,6644,6646,6648],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,6639,113],{"class":112},[39,6641,101],{"class":53},[39,6643,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6645,101],{"class":53},[39,6647,58],{"class":57},[39,6649,1026],{"class":53},[39,6651,6652,6654,6656,6658,6660,6662],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,6653,113],{"class":112},[39,6655,101],{"class":53},[39,6657,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6659,101],{"class":53},[39,6661,5887],{"class":243},[39,6663,1026],{"class":53},[39,6665,6666,6668,6670,6672,6674,6676,6678,6680],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,6667,113],{"class":112},[39,6669,101],{"class":53},[39,6671,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6673,101],{"class":53},[39,6675,244],{"class":243},[39,6677,3470],{"class":247},[39,6679,244],{"class":243},[39,6681,1026],{"class":53},[39,6683,6684,6686,6688,6690],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,6685,113],{"class":112},[39,6687,101],{"class":53},[39,6689,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6691,4050],{"class":53},[39,6693,6694,6696,6698,6700,6702,6704,6706,6708,6710,6712],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,6695,113],{"class":112},[39,6697,101],{"class":53},[39,6699,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6701,2608],{"class":53},[39,6703,58],{"class":57},[39,6705,61],{"class":53},[39,6707,64],{"class":57},[39,6709,61],{"class":53},[39,6711,73],{"class":57},[39,6713,2621],{"class":53},[20,6715,5175],{},[30,6717,6719],{"className":32,"code":6718,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,6720,6721,6725,6729,6733,6737,6741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6722,6723],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6724,3666],{"class":3477},[39,6726,6727],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,6728,3605],{"class":3477},[39,6730,6731],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,6732,3666],{"class":3477},[39,6734,6735],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,6736,3605],{"class":3477},[39,6738,6739],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,6740,3666],{"class":3477},[39,6742,6743],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,6744,3605],{"class":3477},[20,6746,128,6747,6750,6751,177,6753,6755,6756,6758,6759,94],{},[15,6748,6749],{},"bool(value)"," to convert a value to ",[15,6752,939],{},[15,6754,1038],{},". Empty and zero-like values become ",[15,6757,1038],{},". Most other values become ",[15,6760,939],{},[134,6762,6764],{"id":6763},"what-bool-does","What bool() does",[20,6766,6767,6769],{},[15,6768,3438],{}," converts a value into a Boolean result.",[20,6771,6772],{},"A Boolean value can only be one of these:",[147,6774,6775,6779],{},[150,6776,6777],{},[15,6778,939],{},[150,6780,6781],{},[15,6782,1038],{},[20,6784,6785,6786,6788],{},"This is especially useful in conditions such as ",[15,6787,511],{}," statements.",[20,6790,6791,6792,6794],{},"You can also call ",[15,6793,3438],{}," with no argument:",[30,6796,6798],{"className":32,"code":6797,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool())\n",[15,6799,6800],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6801,6802,6804,6806,6808],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6803,113],{"class":112},[39,6805,101],{"class":53},[39,6807,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6809,6810],{"class":53},"())\n",[20,6812,458],{},[30,6814,6815],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,6816,6817],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6818,6819],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6820,3666],{"class":3477},[20,6822,6823,6824,94],{},"If you are new to Boolean values, see ",[173,6825,6827],{"href":6826},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-boolean-in-python\u002F","what a Boolean means in Python",[134,6829,6831],{"id":6830},"bool-syntax","bool() syntax",[20,6833,6834],{},"The basic syntax is:",[30,6836,6838],{"className":32,"code":6837,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bool(value)\n",[15,6839,6840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6841,6842,6844,6846,6848],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6843,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6845,101],{"class":53},[39,6847,155],{"class":97},[39,6849,80],{"class":53},[20,6851,1604,6852,6854],{},[15,6853,155],{}," can be many different types, such as:",[147,6856,6857,6859,6861,6863,6865,6868,6870],{},[150,6858,992],{},[150,6860,4926],{},[150,6862,4917],{},[150,6864,4920],{},[150,6866,6867],{},"dictionaries",[150,6869,4923],{},[150,6871,6872],{},"other objects",[20,6874,6875,6876,94],{},"If you do not pass any value, Python returns ",[15,6877,1038],{},[20,6879,515],{},[30,6881,6883],{"className":32,"code":6882,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(10))\nprint(bool(\"Python\"))\nprint(bool())\n",[15,6884,6885,6899,6918],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6886,6887,6889,6891,6893,6895,6897],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6888,113],{"class":112},[39,6890,101],{"class":53},[39,6892,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6894,101],{"class":53},[39,6896,682],{"class":57},[39,6898,1026],{"class":53},[39,6900,6901,6903,6905,6907,6909,6911,6914,6916],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,6902,113],{"class":112},[39,6904,101],{"class":53},[39,6906,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6908,101],{"class":53},[39,6910,244],{"class":243},[39,6912,6913],{"class":247},"Python",[39,6915,244],{"class":243},[39,6917,1026],{"class":53},[39,6919,6920,6922,6924,6926],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,6921,113],{"class":112},[39,6923,101],{"class":53},[39,6925,3493],{"class":2523},[39,6927,6810],{"class":53},[20,6929,458],{},[30,6931,6933],{"className":32,"code":6932,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nTrue\nFalse\n",[15,6934,6935,6939,6943],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,6936,6937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,6938,3605],{"class":3477},[39,6940,6941],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,6942,3605],{"class":3477},[39,6944,6945],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,6946,3666],{"class":3477},[134,6948,6950],{"id":6949},"values-that-become-false","Values that become False",[20,6952,6953,6954,6956],{},"Some values are treated as false in Python. These are often called ",[3367,6955,5212],{}," values.",[20,6958,6959],{},"Common examples:",[147,6961,6962,6966,6970,6974,6978,6983,6987,6991],{},[150,6963,6964],{},[15,6965,221],{},[150,6967,6968],{},[15,6969,3393],{},[150,6971,6972],{},[15,6973,5887],{},[150,6975,6976],{},[15,6977,3412],{},[150,6979,6980],{},[15,6981,6982],{},"()",[150,6984,6985],{},[15,6986,3417],{},[150,6988,6989],{},[15,6990,3422],{},[150,6992,6993],{},[15,6994,3403],{},[20,6996,515],{},[30,6998,7000],{"className":32,"code":6999,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(0))\nprint(bool(0.0))\nprint(bool(\"\"))\nprint(bool([]))\nprint(bool(()))\nprint(bool({}))\nprint(bool(set()))\nprint(bool(None))\n",[15,7001,7002,7016,7030,7044,7054,7064,7075,7089],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7003,7004,7006,7008,7010,7012,7014],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7005,113],{"class":112},[39,7007,101],{"class":53},[39,7009,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7011,101],{"class":53},[39,7013,221],{"class":57},[39,7015,1026],{"class":53},[39,7017,7018,7020,7022,7024,7026,7028],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7019,113],{"class":112},[39,7021,101],{"class":53},[39,7023,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7025,101],{"class":53},[39,7027,3393],{"class":57},[39,7029,1026],{"class":53},[39,7031,7032,7034,7036,7038,7040,7042],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,7033,113],{"class":112},[39,7035,101],{"class":53},[39,7037,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7039,101],{"class":53},[39,7041,5887],{"class":243},[39,7043,1026],{"class":53},[39,7045,7046,7048,7050,7052],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,7047,113],{"class":112},[39,7049,101],{"class":53},[39,7051,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7053,4050],{"class":53},[39,7055,7056,7058,7060,7062],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,7057,113],{"class":112},[39,7059,101],{"class":53},[39,7061,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7063,4108],{"class":53},[39,7065,7066,7068,7070,7072],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,7067,113],{"class":112},[39,7069,101],{"class":53},[39,7071,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7073,7074],{"class":53},"({}))\n",[39,7076,7077,7079,7081,7083,7085,7087],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,7078,113],{"class":112},[39,7080,101],{"class":53},[39,7082,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7084,101],{"class":53},[39,7086,5902],{"class":2523},[39,7088,5905],{"class":53},[39,7090,7091,7093,7095,7097,7099,7101],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,7092,113],{"class":112},[39,7094,101],{"class":53},[39,7096,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7098,101],{"class":53},[39,7100,3403],{"class":3477},[39,7102,1026],{"class":53},[20,7104,458],{},[30,7106,7108],{"className":32,"code":7107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\nFalse\n",[15,7109,7110,7114,7118,7122,7126,7130,7134,7138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7111,7112],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7113,3666],{"class":3477},[39,7115,7116],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7117,3666],{"class":3477},[39,7119,7120],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,7121,3666],{"class":3477},[39,7123,7124],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,7125,3666],{"class":3477},[39,7127,7128],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,7129,3666],{"class":3477},[39,7131,7132],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,7133,3666],{"class":3477},[39,7135,7136],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,7137,3666],{"class":3477},[39,7139,7140],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,7141,3666],{"class":3477},[134,7143,7145],{"id":7144},"values-that-become-true","Values that become True",[20,7147,7148,7149,7151,7152,6956],{},"Many values become ",[15,7150,939],{},". These are often called ",[3367,7153,5209],{},[20,7155,6959],{},[147,7157,7158,7161,7164,7167,7170,7173],{},[150,7159,7160],{},"non-zero numbers",[150,7162,7163],{},"non-empty strings",[150,7165,7166],{},"non-empty lists",[150,7168,7169],{},"non-empty tuples",[150,7171,7172],{},"non-empty sets",[150,7174,7175],{},"non-empty dictionaries",[20,7177,515],{},[30,7179,7181],{"className":32,"code":7180,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(5))\nprint(bool(-2))\nprint(bool(\"hello\"))\nprint(bool([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(bool((1, 2)))\nprint(bool({\"name\": \"Sam\"}))\n",[15,7182,7183,7197,7213,7231,7253,7271],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7184,7185,7187,7189,7191,7193,7195],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7186,113],{"class":112},[39,7188,101],{"class":53},[39,7190,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7192,101],{"class":53},[39,7194,1376],{"class":57},[39,7196,1026],{"class":53},[39,7198,7199,7201,7203,7205,7207,7209,7211],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7200,113],{"class":112},[39,7202,101],{"class":53},[39,7204,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7206,101],{"class":53},[39,7208,1648],{"class":49},[39,7210,104],{"class":57},[39,7212,1026],{"class":53},[39,7214,7215,7217,7219,7221,7223,7225,7227,7229],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,7216,113],{"class":112},[39,7218,101],{"class":53},[39,7220,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7222,101],{"class":53},[39,7224,244],{"class":243},[39,7226,3470],{"class":247},[39,7228,244],{"class":243},[39,7230,1026],{"class":53},[39,7232,7233,7235,7237,7239,7241,7243,7245,7247,7249,7251],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,7234,113],{"class":112},[39,7236,101],{"class":53},[39,7238,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7240,2608],{"class":53},[39,7242,58],{"class":57},[39,7244,61],{"class":53},[39,7246,64],{"class":57},[39,7248,61],{"class":53},[39,7250,73],{"class":57},[39,7252,2621],{"class":53},[39,7254,7255,7257,7259,7261,7263,7265,7267,7269],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,7256,113],{"class":112},[39,7258,101],{"class":53},[39,7260,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7262,5126],{"class":53},[39,7264,58],{"class":57},[39,7266,61],{"class":53},[39,7268,64],{"class":57},[39,7270,2534],{"class":53},[39,7272,7273,7275,7277,7279,7281,7283,7286,7288,7290,7292,7295,7297],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,7274,113],{"class":112},[39,7276,101],{"class":53},[39,7278,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7280,5145],{"class":53},[39,7282,244],{"class":243},[39,7284,7285],{"class":247},"name",[39,7287,244],{"class":243},[39,7289,145],{"class":53},[39,7291,255],{"class":243},[39,7293,7294],{"class":247},"Sam",[39,7296,244],{"class":243},[39,7298,5154],{"class":53},[20,7300,458],{},[30,7302,7304],{"className":32,"code":7303,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\nTrue\n",[15,7305,7306,7310,7314,7318,7322,7326],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7307,7308],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7309,3605],{"class":3477},[39,7311,7312],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7313,3605],{"class":3477},[39,7315,7316],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,7317,3605],{"class":3477},[39,7319,7320],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,7321,3605],{"class":3477},[39,7323,7324],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,7325,3605],{"class":3477},[39,7327,7328],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,7329,3605],{"class":3477},[20,7331,7332],{},"One important example is this:",[30,7334,7336],{"className":32,"code":7335,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(\"False\"))\n",[15,7337,7338],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7339,7340,7342,7344,7346,7348,7350,7352,7354],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7341,113],{"class":112},[39,7343,101],{"class":53},[39,7345,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7347,101],{"class":53},[39,7349,244],{"class":243},[39,7351,1038],{"class":247},[39,7353,244],{"class":243},[39,7355,1026],{"class":53},[20,7357,458],{},[30,7359,7360],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7361,7362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7363,7364],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7365,3605],{"class":3477},[20,7367,7368,7369,7371,7372,94],{},"Even though the text says ",[15,7370,6296],{},", it is still a non-empty string, so Python treats it as ",[15,7373,939],{},[134,7375,7377],{"id":7376},"using-bool-in-real-code","Using bool() in real code",[20,7379,7380,7381,7383],{},"You can use ",[15,7382,3438],{}," in simple programs to make your code easier to understand.",[223,7385,7387],{"id":7386},"check-whether-a-list-has-items","Check whether a list has items",[30,7389,7391],{"className":32,"code":7390,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7392,7393,7414],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7394,7395,7398,7400,7402,7404,7406,7408,7410,7412],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7396,7397],{"class":45},"items ",[39,7399,50],{"class":49},[39,7401,3249],{"class":53},[39,7403,682],{"class":57},[39,7405,61],{"class":53},[39,7407,687],{"class":57},[39,7409,61],{"class":53},[39,7411,697],{"class":57},[39,7413,3262],{"class":53},[39,7415,7416,7418,7420,7422,7424,7427],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7417,113],{"class":112},[39,7419,101],{"class":53},[39,7421,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7423,101],{"class":53},[39,7425,7426],{"class":97},"items",[39,7428,1026],{"class":53},[20,7430,458],{},[30,7432,7433],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7434,7435],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7436,7437],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7438,3605],{"class":3477},[20,7440,7441],{},"With an empty list:",[30,7443,7445],{"className":32,"code":7444,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nprint(bool(items))\n",[15,7446,7447,7456],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7448,7449,7451,7453],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7450,7397],{"class":45},[39,7452,50],{"class":49},[39,7454,7455],{"class":53}," []\n",[39,7457,7458,7460,7462,7464,7466,7468],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7459,113],{"class":112},[39,7461,101],{"class":53},[39,7463,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7465,101],{"class":53},[39,7467,7426],{"class":97},[39,7469,1026],{"class":53},[20,7471,458],{},[30,7473,7474],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7475,7476],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7477,7478],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7479,3666],{"class":3477},[223,7481,7483],{"id":7482},"check-whether-a-string-is-empty","Check whether a string is empty",[30,7485,7487],{"className":32,"code":7486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7488,7489,7499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7490,7491,7494,7496],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7492,7493],{"class":45},"name ",[39,7495,50],{"class":49},[39,7497,7498],{"class":243}," \"\"\n",[39,7500,7501,7503,7505,7507,7509,7511],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7502,113],{"class":112},[39,7504,101],{"class":53},[39,7506,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7508,101],{"class":53},[39,7510,7285],{"class":97},[39,7512,1026],{"class":53},[20,7514,458],{},[30,7516,7517],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7518,7519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7520,7521],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7522,3666],{"class":3477},[30,7524,7526],{"className":32,"code":7525,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Mia\"\nprint(bool(name))\n",[15,7527,7528,7541],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7529,7530,7532,7534,7536,7539],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7531,7493],{"class":45},[39,7533,50],{"class":49},[39,7535,255],{"class":243},[39,7537,7538],{"class":247},"Mia",[39,7540,2983],{"class":243},[39,7542,7543,7545,7547,7549,7551,7553],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7544,113],{"class":112},[39,7546,101],{"class":53},[39,7548,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7550,101],{"class":53},[39,7552,7285],{"class":97},[39,7554,1026],{"class":53},[20,7556,458],{},[30,7558,7559],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7560,7561],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7562,7563],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7564,3605],{"class":3477},[223,7566,7568],{"id":7567},"convert-a-result-before-printing-or-storing-it","Convert a result before printing or storing it",[30,7570,7572],{"className":32,"code":7571,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"username = \"alex\"\nhas_name = bool(username)\n\nprint(has_name)\n",[15,7573,7574,7588,7605,7609],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7575,7576,7579,7581,7583,7586],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7577,7578],{"class":45},"username ",[39,7580,50],{"class":49},[39,7582,255],{"class":243},[39,7584,7585],{"class":247},"alex",[39,7587,2983],{"class":243},[39,7589,7590,7593,7595,7598,7600,7603],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7591,7592],{"class":45},"has_name ",[39,7594,50],{"class":49},[39,7596,7597],{"class":2523}," bool",[39,7599,101],{"class":53},[39,7601,7602],{"class":97},"username",[39,7604,80],{"class":53},[39,7606,7607],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,7608,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,7610,7611,7613,7615,7618],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,7612,113],{"class":112},[39,7614,101],{"class":53},[39,7616,7617],{"class":97},"has_name",[39,7619,80],{"class":53},[20,7621,458],{},[30,7623,7624],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7625,7626],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7627,7628],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7629,3605],{"class":3477},[20,7631,7632,7633,177,7635,7637],{},"This can be useful when you want a clear ",[15,7634,939],{},[15,7636,1038],{}," value instead of checking the original value later.",[223,7639,7641],{"id":7640},"help-understand-conditions","Help understand conditions",[20,7643,7644],{},"Python already checks truthy and falsy values in conditions.",[30,7646,7648],{"className":32,"code":7647,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif numbers:\n    print(\"The list is not empty\")\n",[15,7649,7650,7670,7674,7682],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7651,7652,7654,7656,7658,7660,7662,7664,7666,7668],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7653,46],{"class":45},[39,7655,50],{"class":49},[39,7657,3249],{"class":53},[39,7659,58],{"class":57},[39,7661,61],{"class":53},[39,7663,64],{"class":57},[39,7665,61],{"class":53},[39,7667,73],{"class":57},[39,7669,3262],{"class":53},[39,7671,7672],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7673,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,7675,7676,7678,7680],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,7677,511],{"class":572},[39,7679,91],{"class":45},[39,7681,598],{"class":53},[39,7683,7684,7686,7688,7690,7693,7695],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,7685,603],{"class":112},[39,7687,101],{"class":53},[39,7689,244],{"class":243},[39,7691,7692],{"class":247},"The list is not empty",[39,7694,244],{"class":243},[39,7696,80],{"class":53},[20,7698,458],{},[30,7700,7702],{"className":32,"code":7701,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The list is not empty\n",[15,7703,7704],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7705,7706,7708,7711,7713,7716],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7707,1604],{"class":45},[39,7709,7710],{"class":2523},"list",[39,7712,763],{"class":49},[39,7714,7715],{"class":49}," not",[39,7717,7718],{"class":45}," empty\n",[20,7720,7721,7722,94],{},"To learn more about conditions, see ",[173,7723,7725],{"href":7724},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-if-statements-explained\u002F","Python if statements explained",[134,7727,7729],{"id":7728},"important-beginner-warning","Important beginner warning",[20,7731,7732,7733,7735],{},"A very common mistake is expecting ",[15,7734,3438],{}," to understand the meaning of text.",[20,7737,7738],{},"It does not do that.",[223,7740,7742,476,7745],{"id":7741},"boolfalse-returns-true",[15,7743,7744],{},"bool(\"False\")",[15,7746,939],{},[30,7748,7749],{"className":32,"code":7335,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7750,7751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7752,7753,7755,7757,7759,7761,7763,7765,7767],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7754,113],{"class":112},[39,7756,101],{"class":53},[39,7758,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7760,101],{"class":53},[39,7762,244],{"class":243},[39,7764,1038],{"class":247},[39,7766,244],{"class":243},[39,7768,1026],{"class":53},[20,7770,458],{},[30,7772,7773],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7774,7775],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7776,7777],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7778,3605],{"class":3477},[223,7780,7782,476,7785],{"id":7781},"bool0-returns-true",[15,7783,7784],{},"bool(\"0\")",[15,7786,939],{},[30,7788,7790],{"className":32,"code":7789,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(\"0\"))\n",[15,7791,7792],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7793,7794,7796,7798,7800,7802,7804,7806,7808],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7795,113],{"class":112},[39,7797,101],{"class":53},[39,7799,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7801,101],{"class":53},[39,7803,244],{"class":243},[39,7805,221],{"class":247},[39,7807,244],{"class":243},[39,7809,1026],{"class":53},[20,7811,458],{},[30,7813,7814],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,7815,7816],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7817,7818],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7819,3605],{"class":3477},[20,7821,7822,7823,94],{},"This happens because both values are ",[3367,7824,7163],{},[20,7826,7827,7829],{},[15,7828,3438],{}," does not read the word and decide what it means. It only checks whether the value is empty or not.",[20,7831,7832,7833,7838,7839,7841],{},"This matters a lot when working with ",[173,7834,7836],{"href":7835},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained\u002F",[15,7837,2580],{},", because ",[15,7840,2580],{}," always returns a string.",[20,7843,515],{},[30,7845,7847],{"className":32,"code":7846,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_value = input(\"Enter True or False: \")\nprint(bool(user_value))\n",[15,7848,7849,7870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7850,7851,7854,7856,7859,7861,7863,7866,7868],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7852,7853],{"class":45},"user_value ",[39,7855,50],{"class":49},[39,7857,7858],{"class":112}," input",[39,7860,101],{"class":53},[39,7862,244],{"class":243},[39,7864,7865],{"class":247},"Enter True or False: ",[39,7867,244],{"class":243},[39,7869,80],{"class":53},[39,7871,7872,7874,7876,7878,7880,7883],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7873,113],{"class":112},[39,7875,101],{"class":53},[39,7877,3493],{"class":2523},[39,7879,101],{"class":53},[39,7881,7882],{"class":97},"user_value",[39,7884,1026],{"class":53},[20,7886,7887,7888,7890,7891,7838,7893,7895],{},"If the user types ",[15,7889,1038],{},", the result will still be ",[15,7892,939],{},[15,7894,6296],{}," is not empty.",[134,7897,7899],{"id":7898},"when-you-may-not-need-bool","When you may not need bool()",[20,7901,7902,7903,7905,7906,7908],{},"In many ",[15,7904,511],{}," statements, you do not need to write ",[15,7907,3438],{}," yourself.",[20,7910,7911],{},"Python already checks truthiness for you.",[20,7913,7914],{},"Instead of this:",[30,7916,7918],{"className":32,"code":7917,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif bool(my_list):\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7919,7920,7941,7945,7959],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7921,7922,7925,7927,7929,7931,7933,7935,7937,7939],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7923,7924],{"class":45},"my_list ",[39,7926,50],{"class":49},[39,7928,3249],{"class":53},[39,7930,58],{"class":57},[39,7932,61],{"class":53},[39,7934,64],{"class":57},[39,7936,61],{"class":53},[39,7938,73],{"class":57},[39,7940,3262],{"class":53},[39,7942,7943],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,7944,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,7946,7947,7949,7951,7953,7956],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,7948,511],{"class":572},[39,7950,7597],{"class":2523},[39,7952,101],{"class":53},[39,7954,7955],{"class":97},"my_list",[39,7957,7958],{"class":53},"):\n",[39,7960,7961,7963,7965,7967,7970,7972],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,7962,603],{"class":112},[39,7964,101],{"class":53},[39,7966,244],{"class":243},[39,7968,7969],{"class":247},"List has items",[39,7971,244],{"class":243},[39,7973,80],{"class":53},[20,7975,7976],{},"You can simply write:",[30,7978,7980],{"className":32,"code":7979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nif my_list:\n    print(\"List has items\")\n",[15,7981,7982,8002,8006,8015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,7983,7984,7986,7988,7990,7992,7994,7996,7998,8000],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,7985,7924],{"class":45},[39,7987,50],{"class":49},[39,7989,3249],{"class":53},[39,7991,58],{"class":57},[39,7993,61],{"class":53},[39,7995,64],{"class":57},[39,7997,61],{"class":53},[39,7999,73],{"class":57},[39,8001,3262],{"class":53},[39,8003,8004],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8005,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,8007,8008,8010,8013],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,8009,511],{"class":572},[39,8011,8012],{"class":45}," my_list",[39,8014,598],{"class":53},[39,8016,8017,8019,8021,8023,8025,8027],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,8018,603],{"class":112},[39,8020,101],{"class":53},[39,8022,244],{"class":243},[39,8024,7969],{"class":247},[39,8026,244],{"class":243},[39,8028,80],{"class":53},[20,8030,8031],{},"Both examples work.",[20,8033,948,8034,8036],{},[15,8035,3438],{}," is still helpful when:",[147,8038,8039,8042,8050],{},[150,8040,8041],{},"you are learning how truthy and falsy values work",[150,8043,8044,8045,177,8047,8049],{},"you want to store a real ",[15,8046,939],{},[15,8048,1038],{}," value",[150,8051,8052],{},"you want to print the result clearly while debugging",[20,8054,8055,8056,94],{},"If you want to inspect the type of a value, see ",[173,8057,8058],{"href":1923},"Python type() function explained",[134,8060,944],{"id":943},[20,8062,8063,8064,94],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with ",[15,8065,3438],{},[223,8067,1030,8069,1033,8071],{"id":8068},"expecting-boolfalse-to-return-false",[15,8070,7744],{},[15,8072,1038],{},[20,8074,8075],{},"This is one of the most common problems.",[30,8077,8078],{"className":32,"code":7335,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,8079,8080],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8081,8082,8084,8086,8088,8090,8092,8094,8096],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8083,113],{"class":112},[39,8085,101],{"class":53},[39,8087,3493],{"class":2523},[39,8089,101],{"class":53},[39,8091,244],{"class":243},[39,8093,1038],{"class":247},[39,8095,244],{"class":243},[39,8097,1026],{"class":53},[20,8099,458],{},[30,8101,8102],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,8103,8104],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8105,8106],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8107,3605],{"class":3477},[20,8109,8110,8111,6297],{},"Why? Because ",[15,8112,6296],{},[20,8114,8115],{},"If you want to check the actual text, compare the string directly:",[30,8117,8119],{"className":32,"code":8118,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"False\"\nprint(value == \"True\")\n",[15,8120,8121,8133],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8122,8123,8125,8127,8129,8131],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8124,2070],{"class":45},[39,8126,50],{"class":49},[39,8128,255],{"class":243},[39,8130,1038],{"class":247},[39,8132,2983],{"class":243},[39,8134,8135,8137,8139,8141,8143,8145,8147,8149],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8136,113],{"class":112},[39,8138,101],{"class":53},[39,8140,2070],{"class":97},[39,8142,4312],{"class":49},[39,8144,255],{"class":243},[39,8146,939],{"class":247},[39,8148,244],{"class":243},[39,8150,80],{"class":53},[20,8152,458],{},[30,8154,8155],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,8156,8157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8158,8159],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8160,3666],{"class":3477},[223,8162,8164],{"id":8163},"using-strings-from-input-and-expecting-automatic-yesno-conversion","Using strings from input() and expecting automatic yes\u002Fno conversion",[20,8166,8167,8169],{},[15,8168,2580],{}," returns text, not real Boolean values.",[30,8171,8173],{"className":32,"code":8172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \")\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8174,8175,8194],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8176,8177,8179,8181,8183,8185,8187,8190,8192],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8178,2070],{"class":45},[39,8180,50],{"class":49},[39,8182,7858],{"class":112},[39,8184,101],{"class":53},[39,8186,244],{"class":243},[39,8188,8189],{"class":247},"Enter yes or no: ",[39,8191,244],{"class":243},[39,8193,80],{"class":53},[39,8195,8196,8198,8200,8202,8204,8206],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8197,113],{"class":112},[39,8199,101],{"class":53},[39,8201,3493],{"class":2523},[39,8203,101],{"class":53},[39,8205,155],{"class":97},[39,8207,1026],{"class":53},[20,8209,7887,8210,8212,8213,8215,8216,7895],{},[15,8211,543],{},", the result is still ",[15,8214,939],{}," because ",[15,8217,8218],{},"\"no\"",[20,8220,8221],{},"A safer approach is to clean the text and compare it:",[30,8223,8225],{"className":32,"code":8224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter yes or no: \").strip().lower()\nprint(value == \"yes\")\n",[15,8226,8227,8258],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8228,8229,8231,8233,8235,8237,8239,8241,8243,8246,8249,8252,8255],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8230,2070],{"class":45},[39,8232,50],{"class":49},[39,8234,7858],{"class":112},[39,8236,101],{"class":53},[39,8238,244],{"class":243},[39,8240,8189],{"class":247},[39,8242,244],{"class":243},[39,8244,8245],{"class":53},").",[39,8247,8248],{"class":97},"strip",[39,8250,8251],{"class":53},"().",[39,8253,8254],{"class":97},"lower",[39,8256,8257],{"class":53},"()\n",[39,8259,8260,8262,8264,8266,8268,8270,8272,8274],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8261,113],{"class":112},[39,8263,101],{"class":53},[39,8265,2070],{"class":97},[39,8267,4312],{"class":49},[39,8269,255],{"class":243},[39,8271,534],{"class":247},[39,8273,244],{"class":243},[39,8275,80],{"class":53},[20,8277,8278,8279,8281,8282,94],{},"This gives ",[15,8280,939],{}," only when the user enters ",[15,8283,534],{},[223,8285,8287],{"id":8286},"confusing-empty-values-with-the-actual-value-false","Confusing empty values with the actual value False",[20,8289,8290],{},"These are different:",[147,8292,8293,8297,8301,8305,8309],{},[150,8294,8295],{},[15,8296,1038],{},[150,8298,8299],{},[15,8300,221],{},[150,8302,8303],{},[15,8304,5887],{},[150,8306,8307],{},[15,8308,3412],{},[150,8310,8311],{},[15,8312,3403],{},[20,8314,8315,8316,1163,8318,8320],{},"They all become ",[15,8317,1038],{},[15,8319,3438],{},", but they are not the same value.",[20,8322,8323],{},"You can check the type if needed:",[30,8325,8327],{"className":32,"code":8326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = []\nprint(type(value))\nprint(bool(value))\n",[15,8328,8329,8337,8351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8330,8331,8333,8335],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8332,2070],{"class":45},[39,8334,50],{"class":49},[39,8336,7455],{"class":53},[39,8338,8339,8341,8343,8345,8347,8349],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8340,113],{"class":112},[39,8342,101],{"class":53},[39,8344,2845],{"class":2523},[39,8346,101],{"class":53},[39,8348,155],{"class":97},[39,8350,1026],{"class":53},[39,8352,8353,8355,8357,8359,8361,8363],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,8354,113],{"class":112},[39,8356,101],{"class":53},[39,8358,3493],{"class":2523},[39,8360,101],{"class":53},[39,8362,155],{"class":97},[39,8364,1026],{"class":53},[20,8366,458],{},[30,8368,8370],{"className":32,"code":8369,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'list'>\nFalse\n",[15,8371,8372,8386],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8373,8374,8376,8378,8380,8382,8384],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8375,2914],{"class":49},[39,8377,2917],{"class":1689},[39,8379,2920],{"class":243},[39,8381,7710],{"class":247},[39,8383,629],{"class":243},[39,8385,2927],{"class":49},[39,8387,8388],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8389,3666],{"class":3477},[223,8391,948,8393,8395],{"id":8392},"using-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,8394,3417],{}," expecting an empty set",[20,8397,932,8398,8400],{},[15,8399,3417],{}," creates an empty dictionary, not an empty set.",[30,8402,8404],{"className":32,"code":8403,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type({}))\n",[15,8405,8406],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8407,8408,8410,8412,8414],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8409,113],{"class":112},[39,8411,101],{"class":53},[39,8413,2845],{"class":2523},[39,8415,7074],{"class":53},[20,8417,458],{},[30,8419,8421],{"className":32,"code":8420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,8422,8423],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8424,8425,8427,8429,8431,8434,8436],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8426,2914],{"class":49},[39,8428,2917],{"class":1689},[39,8430,2920],{"class":243},[39,8432,8433],{"class":247},"dict",[39,8435,629],{"class":243},[39,8437,2927],{"class":49},[20,8439,8440],{},"To make an empty set, use:",[30,8442,8444],{"className":32,"code":8443,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(set()))\n",[15,8445,8446],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8447,8448,8450,8452,8454,8456,8458],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8449,113],{"class":112},[39,8451,101],{"class":53},[39,8453,2845],{"class":2523},[39,8455,101],{"class":53},[39,8457,5902],{"class":2523},[39,8459,5905],{"class":53},[20,8461,458],{},[30,8463,8465],{"className":32,"code":8464,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,8466,8467],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8468,8469,8471,8473,8475,8477,8479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8470,2914],{"class":49},[39,8472,2917],{"class":1689},[39,8474,2920],{"class":243},[39,8476,5902],{"class":247},[39,8478,629],{"class":243},[39,8480,2927],{"class":49},[134,8482,8484],{"id":8483},"helpful-debugging-checks","Helpful debugging checks",[20,8486,8487,8488,8490],{},"If ",[15,8489,3438],{}," gives a result you did not expect, these checks can help:",[30,8492,8494],{"className":32,"code":8493,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(bool(value))\nprint(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(value == \"True\")\nprint(value.strip().lower())\n",[15,8495,8496,8510,8524,8534,8552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8497,8498,8500,8502,8504,8506,8508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8499,113],{"class":112},[39,8501,101],{"class":53},[39,8503,3493],{"class":2523},[39,8505,101],{"class":53},[39,8507,155],{"class":97},[39,8509,1026],{"class":53},[39,8511,8512,8514,8516,8518,8520,8522],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8513,113],{"class":112},[39,8515,101],{"class":53},[39,8517,2845],{"class":2523},[39,8519,101],{"class":53},[39,8521,155],{"class":97},[39,8523,1026],{"class":53},[39,8525,8526,8528,8530,8532],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,8527,113],{"class":112},[39,8529,101],{"class":53},[39,8531,155],{"class":97},[39,8533,80],{"class":53},[39,8535,8536,8538,8540,8542,8544,8546,8548,8550],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,8537,113],{"class":112},[39,8539,101],{"class":53},[39,8541,2070],{"class":97},[39,8543,4312],{"class":49},[39,8545,255],{"class":243},[39,8547,939],{"class":247},[39,8549,244],{"class":243},[39,8551,80],{"class":53},[39,8553,8554,8556,8558,8560,8562,8564,8566,8568],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,8555,113],{"class":112},[39,8557,101],{"class":53},[39,8559,155],{"class":97},[39,8561,94],{"class":53},[39,8563,8248],{"class":97},[39,8565,8251],{"class":53},[39,8567,8254],{"class":97},[39,8569,6810],{"class":53},[20,8571,8572],{},"These are useful for finding out:",[147,8574,8575,8578,8581,8584],{},[150,8576,8577],{},"what the value really is",[150,8579,8580],{},"whether it is a string",[150,8582,8583],{},"whether it contains spaces",[150,8585,8586],{},"whether it matches the text you expected",[20,8588,8589,8590,94],{},"This is especially helpful when handling user input. You may also want to read ",[173,8591,8593],{"href":8592},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-user-input-to-numbers-in-python\u002F","how to convert user input to numbers in Python",[134,8595,1454],{"id":1453},[223,8597,8599],{"id":8598},"what-does-bool-return-in-python","What does bool() return in Python?",[20,8601,8602,8603,177,8605,94],{},"It returns either ",[15,8604,939],{},[15,8606,1038],{},[223,8608,8610],{"id":8609},"what-happens-if-i-call-bool-with-no-argument","What happens if I call bool() with no argument?",[20,8612,4768,8613,94],{},[15,8614,1038],{},[223,8616,8618],{"id":8617},"why-does-boolfalse-return-true","Why does bool(\"False\") return True?",[20,8620,8621,8622,94],{},"Because the string is not empty. Non-empty strings are ",[15,8623,939],{},[223,8625,8627],{"id":8626},"does-bool0-return-false","Does bool(0) return False?",[20,8629,8630,8631,94],{},"Yes. Zero values are ",[15,8632,1038],{},[223,8634,8636],{"id":8635},"should-i-use-bool-inside-every-if-statement","Should I use bool() inside every if statement?",[20,8638,8639,8640,177,8642,3361],{},"No. Python already treats many values as ",[15,8641,939],{},[15,8643,1038],{},[134,8645,1514],{"id":1513},[147,8647,8648,8653,8657,8662,8666,8671],{},[150,8649,8650],{},[173,8651,8652],{"href":5393},"Python booleans explained: True and False",[150,8654,8655],{},[173,8656,7725],{"href":7724},[150,8658,8659],{},[173,8660,8661],{"href":7835},"Python input() function explained",[150,8663,8664],{},[173,8665,8058],{"href":1923},[150,8667,8668],{},[173,8669,8670],{"href":8592},"How to convert user input to numbers in Python",[150,8672,8673],{},[173,8674,8675],{"href":6826},"What is a Boolean in Python?",[1550,8677,8678],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":8680},[8681,8682,8683,8684,8685,8686,8692,8698,8699,8707,8708,8715],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":6763,"depth":83,"text":6764},{"id":6830,"depth":83,"text":6831},{"id":6949,"depth":83,"text":6950},{"id":7144,"depth":83,"text":7145},{"id":7376,"depth":83,"text":7377,"children":8687},[8688,8689,8690,8691],{"id":7386,"depth":109,"text":7387},{"id":7482,"depth":109,"text":7483},{"id":7567,"depth":109,"text":7568},{"id":7640,"depth":109,"text":7641},{"id":7728,"depth":83,"text":7729,"children":8693},[8694,8696],{"id":7741,"depth":109,"text":8695},"bool(\"False\") returns True",{"id":7781,"depth":109,"text":8697},"bool(\"0\") returns True",{"id":7898,"depth":83,"text":7899},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":8700},[8701,8703,8704,8705],{"id":8068,"depth":109,"text":8702},"Expecting bool(\"False\") to return False",{"id":8163,"depth":109,"text":8164},{"id":8286,"depth":109,"text":8287},{"id":8392,"depth":109,"text":8706},"Using {} expecting an empty set",{"id":8483,"depth":83,"text":8484},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":8709},[8710,8711,8712,8713,8714],{"id":8598,"depth":109,"text":8599},{"id":8609,"depth":109,"text":8610},{"id":8617,"depth":109,"text":8618},{"id":8626,"depth":109,"text":8627},{"id":8635,"depth":109,"text":8636},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python bool function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained",{"title":6591,"description":8716},"reference\u002Fpython-bool-function-explained","pI2oMfdg_YnAHiyOUFPGbqEmJXu7efHhSyUkPc3C068",{"id":8723,"title":8724,"body":8725,"description":10918,"extension":1587,"meta":10919,"navigation":420,"path":10920,"seo":10921,"stem":10922,"__hash__":10923},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained.md","Python dict() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":8726,"toc":10880},[8727,8733,8739,8746,8751,8762,8769,8877,8881,8950,8955,8960,8965,8968,8979,8984,8987,8998,9005,9007,9012,9016,9041,9045,9054,9058,9121,9125,9158,9162,9207,9211,9248,9252,9255,9311,9315,9361,9364,9369,9408,9412,9435,9438,9452,9464,9468,9473,9540,9544,9580,9583,9591,9594,9658,9662,9694,9700,9702,9762,9769,9772,9850,9854,9887,9891,9894,9938,9942,9978,9981,9998,10001,10004,10057,10060,10071,10078,10087,10090,10148,10152,10193,10201,10209,10215,10223,10235,10240,10251,10324,10327,10339,10354,10358,10363,10367,10369,10412,10418,10421,10484,10488,10491,10500,10505,10542,10546,10549,10557,10560,10599,10603,10606,10657,10661,10682,10689,10691,10697,10724,10727,10782,10785,10796,10798,10805,10813,10819,10824,10831,10834,10841,10848,10850,10877],[10,8728,3202,8730,3206],{"id":8729},"python-dict-function-explained",[15,8731,8732],{},"dict()",[20,8734,8735,8736,8738],{},"The built-in ",[15,8737,8732],{}," function creates a new dictionary.",[20,8740,8741,8742,8745],{},"A dictionary stores data as ",[3367,8743,8744],{},"key-value pairs",". You use it when you want to connect one piece of data to another, such as a name to an age or a product to a price.",[20,8747,8748,8750],{},[15,8749,8732],{}," is commonly used to:",[147,8752,8753,8756,8759],{},[150,8754,8755],{},"create an empty dictionary",[150,8757,8758],{},"convert key-value pairs into a dictionary",[150,8760,8761],{},"build a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8763,8764,8765,94],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, see ",[173,8766,8768],{"href":8767},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained\u002F","Python dictionaries explained",[30,8770,8772],{"className":32,"code":8771,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n\npairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\nprint(dict(pairs))\n",[15,8773,8774,8809,8820,8824,8862],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8775,8776,8779,8781,8784,8786,8789,8791,8793,8795,8797,8799,8802,8804,8807],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8777,8778],{"class":45},"data ",[39,8780,50],{"class":49},[39,8782,8783],{"class":2523}," dict",[39,8785,101],{"class":53},[39,8787,7285],{"class":8788},"s99_P",[39,8790,50],{"class":49},[39,8792,629],{"class":243},[39,8794,4627],{"class":247},[39,8796,629],{"class":243},[39,8798,61],{"class":53},[39,8800,8801],{"class":8788}," age",[39,8803,50],{"class":49},[39,8805,8806],{"class":57},"25",[39,8808,80],{"class":53},[39,8810,8811,8813,8815,8818],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8812,113],{"class":112},[39,8814,101],{"class":53},[39,8816,8817],{"class":97},"data",[39,8819,80],{"class":53},[39,8821,8822],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,8823,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,8825,8826,8829,8831,8834,8836,8838,8840,8842,8844,8847,8849,8851,8853,8855,8857,8859],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,8827,8828],{"class":45},"pairs ",[39,8830,50],{"class":49},[39,8832,8833],{"class":53}," [(",[39,8835,629],{"class":243},[39,8837,173],{"class":247},[39,8839,629],{"class":243},[39,8841,61],{"class":53},[39,8843,595],{"class":57},[39,8845,8846],{"class":53},"),",[39,8848,54],{"class":53},[39,8850,629],{"class":243},[39,8852,1070],{"class":247},[39,8854,629],{"class":243},[39,8856,61],{"class":53},[39,8858,64],{"class":57},[39,8860,8861],{"class":53},")]\n",[39,8863,8864,8866,8868,8870,8872,8875],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,8865,113],{"class":112},[39,8867,101],{"class":53},[39,8869,8433],{"class":2523},[39,8871,101],{"class":53},[39,8873,8874],{"class":97},"pairs",[39,8876,1026],{"class":53},[20,8878,8879],{},[3367,8880,458],{},[30,8882,8884],{"className":32,"code":8883,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,8885,8886,8922],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,8887,8888,8891,8893,8895,8897,8899,8901,8903,8905,8907,8909,8912,8914,8916,8919],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,8889,8890],{"class":53},"{",[39,8892,629],{"class":243},[39,8894,7285],{"class":247},[39,8896,629],{"class":243},[39,8898,145],{"class":53},[39,8900,2920],{"class":243},[39,8902,4627],{"class":247},[39,8904,629],{"class":243},[39,8906,61],{"class":53},[39,8908,2920],{"class":243},[39,8910,8911],{"class":247},"age",[39,8913,629],{"class":243},[39,8915,145],{"class":53},[39,8917,8918],{"class":57}," 25",[39,8920,8921],{"class":53},"}\n",[39,8923,8924,8926,8928,8930,8932,8934,8936,8938,8940,8942,8944,8946,8948],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,8925,8890],{"class":53},[39,8927,629],{"class":243},[39,8929,173],{"class":247},[39,8931,629],{"class":243},[39,8933,145],{"class":53},[39,8935,595],{"class":57},[39,8937,61],{"class":53},[39,8939,2920],{"class":243},[39,8941,1070],{"class":247},[39,8943,629],{"class":243},[39,8945,145],{"class":53},[39,8947,64],{"class":57},[39,8949,8921],{"class":53},[20,8951,128,8952,8954],{},[15,8953,8732],{}," to create a dictionary from keyword arguments or from key-value pairs.",[134,8956,137,8958,140],{"id":8957},"what-dict-does",[15,8959,8732],{},[20,8961,8962,8964],{},[15,8963,8732],{}," creates a new dictionary object.",[20,8966,8967],{},"A dictionary:",[147,8969,8970,8973,8976],{},[150,8971,8972],{},"stores data in key-value pairs",[150,8974,8975],{},"lets you look up values by key",[150,8977,8978],{},"is one of the most common Python data types",[20,8980,8981,8983],{},[15,8982,8732],{}," is a built-in Python function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[20,8985,8986],{},"Common uses include:",[147,8988,8989,8992,8995],{},[150,8990,8991],{},"making an empty dictionary",[150,8993,8994],{},"converting pairs into a dictionary",[150,8996,8997],{},"building a dictionary from keyword arguments",[20,8999,9000,9001,94],{},"If you want a broader introduction to dictionary creation, see ",[173,9002,9004],{"href":9003},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary\u002F","creating a dictionary in Python",[134,9006,1781],{"id":1780},[20,9008,9009,9011],{},[15,9010,8732],{}," can be used in a few different ways.",[223,9013,9015],{"id":9014},"create-an-empty-dictionary","Create an empty dictionary",[30,9017,9019],{"className":32,"code":9018,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict()\nprint(data)\n",[15,9020,9021,9031],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9022,9023,9025,9027,9029],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9024,8778],{"class":45},[39,9026,50],{"class":49},[39,9028,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9030,8257],{"class":53},[39,9032,9033,9035,9037,9039],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9034,113],{"class":112},[39,9036,101],{"class":53},[39,9038,8817],{"class":97},[39,9040,80],{"class":53},[20,9042,9043],{},[3367,9044,458],{},[30,9046,9048],{"className":32,"code":9047,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{}\n",[15,9049,9050],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9051,9052],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9053,9047],{"class":53},[223,9055,9057],{"id":9056},"create-a-dictionary-from-pairs","Create a dictionary from pairs",[30,9059,9061],{"className":32,"code":9060,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9062,9063,9097,9111],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9064,9065,9067,9069,9071,9073,9075,9077,9079,9081,9083,9085,9087,9089,9091,9093,9095],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9066,8828],{"class":45},[39,9068,50],{"class":49},[39,9070,8833],{"class":53},[39,9072,629],{"class":243},[39,9074,173],{"class":247},[39,9076,629],{"class":243},[39,9078,61],{"class":53},[39,9080,595],{"class":57},[39,9082,8846],{"class":53},[39,9084,54],{"class":53},[39,9086,629],{"class":243},[39,9088,1070],{"class":247},[39,9090,629],{"class":243},[39,9092,61],{"class":53},[39,9094,64],{"class":57},[39,9096,8861],{"class":53},[39,9098,9099,9101,9103,9105,9107,9109],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9100,8778],{"class":45},[39,9102,50],{"class":49},[39,9104,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9106,101],{"class":53},[39,9108,8874],{"class":97},[39,9110,80],{"class":53},[39,9112,9113,9115,9117,9119],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,9114,113],{"class":112},[39,9116,101],{"class":53},[39,9118,8817],{"class":97},[39,9120,80],{"class":53},[20,9122,9123],{},[3367,9124,458],{},[30,9126,9128],{"className":32,"code":9127,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9129,9130],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9131,9132,9134,9136,9138,9140,9142,9144,9146,9148,9150,9152,9154,9156],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9133,8890],{"class":53},[39,9135,629],{"class":243},[39,9137,173],{"class":247},[39,9139,629],{"class":243},[39,9141,145],{"class":53},[39,9143,595],{"class":57},[39,9145,61],{"class":53},[39,9147,2920],{"class":243},[39,9149,1070],{"class":247},[39,9151,629],{"class":243},[39,9153,145],{"class":53},[39,9155,64],{"class":57},[39,9157,8921],{"class":53},[223,9159,9161],{"id":9160},"create-a-dictionary-from-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary from keyword arguments",[30,9163,9165],{"className":32,"code":9164,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9166,9167,9197],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9168,9169,9171,9173,9175,9177,9179,9181,9183,9185,9187,9189,9191,9193,9195],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9170,8778],{"class":45},[39,9172,50],{"class":49},[39,9174,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9176,101],{"class":53},[39,9178,7285],{"class":8788},[39,9180,50],{"class":49},[39,9182,629],{"class":243},[39,9184,4627],{"class":247},[39,9186,629],{"class":243},[39,9188,61],{"class":53},[39,9190,8801],{"class":8788},[39,9192,50],{"class":49},[39,9194,8806],{"class":57},[39,9196,80],{"class":53},[39,9198,9199,9201,9203,9205],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9200,113],{"class":112},[39,9202,101],{"class":53},[39,9204,8817],{"class":97},[39,9206,80],{"class":53},[20,9208,9209],{},[3367,9210,458],{},[30,9212,9214],{"className":32,"code":9213,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 25}\n",[15,9215,9216],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9217,9218,9220,9222,9224,9226,9228,9230,9232,9234,9236,9238,9240,9242,9244,9246],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9219,8890],{"class":53},[39,9221,629],{"class":243},[39,9223,7285],{"class":247},[39,9225,629],{"class":243},[39,9227,145],{"class":53},[39,9229,2920],{"class":243},[39,9231,4627],{"class":247},[39,9233,629],{"class":243},[39,9235,61],{"class":53},[39,9237,2920],{"class":243},[39,9239,8911],{"class":247},[39,9241,629],{"class":243},[39,9243,145],{"class":53},[39,9245,8918],{"class":57},[39,9247,8921],{"class":53},[223,9249,9251],{"id":9250},"combine-pairs-or-a-mapping-with-keyword-arguments","Combine pairs or a mapping with keyword arguments",[20,9253,9254],{},"You can also start with existing data and add more values:",[30,9256,9258],{"className":32,"code":9257,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict([('a', 1)], b=2, c=3)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9259,9260,9301],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9261,9262,9264,9266,9268,9271,9273,9275,9277,9279,9281,9284,9286,9288,9290,9292,9295,9297,9299],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9263,8778],{"class":45},[39,9265,50],{"class":49},[39,9267,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9269,9270],{"class":53},"([(",[39,9272,629],{"class":243},[39,9274,173],{"class":247},[39,9276,629],{"class":243},[39,9278,61],{"class":53},[39,9280,595],{"class":57},[39,9282,9283],{"class":53},")],",[39,9285,2181],{"class":8788},[39,9287,50],{"class":49},[39,9289,104],{"class":57},[39,9291,61],{"class":53},[39,9293,9294],{"class":8788}," c",[39,9296,50],{"class":49},[39,9298,479],{"class":57},[39,9300,80],{"class":53},[39,9302,9303,9305,9307,9309],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9304,113],{"class":112},[39,9306,101],{"class":53},[39,9308,8817],{"class":97},[39,9310,80],{"class":53},[20,9312,9313],{},[3367,9314,458],{},[30,9316,9318],{"className":32,"code":9317,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}\n",[15,9319,9320],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9321,9322,9324,9326,9328,9330,9332,9334,9336,9338,9340,9342,9344,9346,9348,9350,9353,9355,9357,9359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9323,8890],{"class":53},[39,9325,629],{"class":243},[39,9327,173],{"class":247},[39,9329,629],{"class":243},[39,9331,145],{"class":53},[39,9333,595],{"class":57},[39,9335,61],{"class":53},[39,9337,2920],{"class":243},[39,9339,1070],{"class":247},[39,9341,629],{"class":243},[39,9343,145],{"class":53},[39,9345,64],{"class":57},[39,9347,61],{"class":53},[39,9349,2920],{"class":243},[39,9351,9352],{"class":247},"c",[39,9354,629],{"class":243},[39,9356,145],{"class":53},[39,9358,73],{"class":57},[39,9360,8921],{"class":53},[134,9362,9015],{"id":9363},"create-an-empty-dictionary-1",[20,9365,128,9366,9368],{},[15,9367,8732],{}," when you want a clear function-style way to create an empty dictionary.",[30,9370,9372],{"className":32,"code":9371,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict()\nprint(type(data))\nprint(data)\n",[15,9373,9374,9384,9398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9375,9376,9378,9380,9382],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9377,8778],{"class":45},[39,9379,50],{"class":49},[39,9381,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9383,8257],{"class":53},[39,9385,9386,9388,9390,9392,9394,9396],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9387,113],{"class":112},[39,9389,101],{"class":53},[39,9391,2845],{"class":2523},[39,9393,101],{"class":53},[39,9395,8817],{"class":97},[39,9397,1026],{"class":53},[39,9399,9400,9402,9404,9406],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,9401,113],{"class":112},[39,9403,101],{"class":53},[39,9405,8817],{"class":97},[39,9407,80],{"class":53},[20,9409,9410],{},[3367,9411,458],{},[30,9413,9415],{"className":32,"code":9414,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n{}\n",[15,9416,9417,9431],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9418,9419,9421,9423,9425,9427,9429],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9420,2914],{"class":49},[39,9422,2917],{"class":1689},[39,9424,2920],{"class":243},[39,9426,8433],{"class":247},[39,9428,629],{"class":243},[39,9430,2927],{"class":49},[39,9432,9433],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9434,9047],{"class":53},[20,9436,9437],{},"This gives the same result as:",[30,9439,9441],{"className":32,"code":9440,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\n",[15,9442,9443],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9444,9445,9447,9449],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9446,8778],{"class":45},[39,9448,50],{"class":49},[39,9450,9451],{"class":53}," {}\n",[20,9453,9454,9455,9457,9458,9460,9461,9463],{},"For empty dictionaries, ",[15,9456,3417],{}," is more common because it is shorter.",[1446,9459],{},"\nStill, ",[15,9462,8732],{}," is useful to know because it can do more than just create an empty dictionary.",[134,9465,9467],{"id":9466},"create-a-dictionary-from-key-value-pairs","Create a dictionary from key-value pairs",[20,9469,9470,9471,94],{},"You can pass an iterable of 2-item pairs to ",[15,9472,8732],{},[30,9474,9476],{"className":32,"code":9475,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = [('name', 'Alice'), ('age', 25)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9477,9478,9516,9530],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9479,9480,9482,9484,9486,9488,9490,9492,9494,9496,9498,9500,9502,9504,9506,9508,9510,9512,9514],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9481,8828],{"class":45},[39,9483,50],{"class":49},[39,9485,8833],{"class":53},[39,9487,629],{"class":243},[39,9489,7285],{"class":247},[39,9491,629],{"class":243},[39,9493,61],{"class":53},[39,9495,2920],{"class":243},[39,9497,4627],{"class":247},[39,9499,629],{"class":243},[39,9501,8846],{"class":53},[39,9503,54],{"class":53},[39,9505,629],{"class":243},[39,9507,8911],{"class":247},[39,9509,629],{"class":243},[39,9511,61],{"class":53},[39,9513,8918],{"class":57},[39,9515,8861],{"class":53},[39,9517,9518,9520,9522,9524,9526,9528],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9519,8778],{"class":45},[39,9521,50],{"class":49},[39,9523,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9525,101],{"class":53},[39,9527,8874],{"class":97},[39,9529,80],{"class":53},[39,9531,9532,9534,9536,9538],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,9533,113],{"class":112},[39,9535,101],{"class":53},[39,9537,8817],{"class":97},[39,9539,80],{"class":53},[20,9541,9542],{},[3367,9543,458],{},[30,9545,9546],{"className":32,"code":9213,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,9547,9548],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9549,9550,9552,9554,9556,9558,9560,9562,9564,9566,9568,9570,9572,9574,9576,9578],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9551,8890],{"class":53},[39,9553,629],{"class":243},[39,9555,7285],{"class":247},[39,9557,629],{"class":243},[39,9559,145],{"class":53},[39,9561,2920],{"class":243},[39,9563,4627],{"class":247},[39,9565,629],{"class":243},[39,9567,61],{"class":53},[39,9569,2920],{"class":243},[39,9571,8911],{"class":247},[39,9573,629],{"class":243},[39,9575,145],{"class":53},[39,9577,8918],{"class":57},[39,9579,8921],{"class":53},[20,9581,9582],{},"Each pair becomes:",[147,9584,9585,9588],{},[150,9586,9587],{},"the first item as the key",[150,9589,9590],{},"the second item as the value",[20,9592,9593],{},"For example, this also works with tuples:",[30,9595,9597],{"className":32,"code":9596,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = (('a', 1), ('b', 2))\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9598,9599,9634,9648],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9600,9601,9603,9605,9608,9610,9612,9614,9616,9618,9620,9622,9624,9626,9628,9630,9632],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9602,8828],{"class":45},[39,9604,50],{"class":49},[39,9606,9607],{"class":53}," ((",[39,9609,629],{"class":243},[39,9611,173],{"class":247},[39,9613,629],{"class":243},[39,9615,61],{"class":53},[39,9617,595],{"class":57},[39,9619,8846],{"class":53},[39,9621,54],{"class":53},[39,9623,629],{"class":243},[39,9625,1070],{"class":247},[39,9627,629],{"class":243},[39,9629,61],{"class":53},[39,9631,64],{"class":57},[39,9633,1026],{"class":53},[39,9635,9636,9638,9640,9642,9644,9646],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9637,8778],{"class":45},[39,9639,50],{"class":49},[39,9641,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9643,101],{"class":53},[39,9645,8874],{"class":97},[39,9647,80],{"class":53},[39,9649,9650,9652,9654,9656],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,9651,113],{"class":112},[39,9653,101],{"class":53},[39,9655,8817],{"class":97},[39,9657,80],{"class":53},[20,9659,9660],{},[3367,9661,458],{},[30,9663,9664],{"className":32,"code":9127,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,9665,9666],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9667,9668,9670,9672,9674,9676,9678,9680,9682,9684,9686,9688,9690,9692],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9669,8890],{"class":53},[39,9671,629],{"class":243},[39,9673,173],{"class":247},[39,9675,629],{"class":243},[39,9677,145],{"class":53},[39,9679,595],{"class":57},[39,9681,61],{"class":53},[39,9683,2920],{"class":243},[39,9685,1070],{"class":247},[39,9687,629],{"class":243},[39,9689,145],{"class":53},[39,9691,64],{"class":57},[39,9693,8921],{"class":53},[20,9695,9696,9697,94],{},"Each item must contain ",[3367,9698,9699],{},"exactly two elements",[20,9701,2458],{},[30,9703,9705],{"className":32,"code":9704,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bad_data = [('a', 1, 100), ('b', 2)]\nresult = dict(bad_data)\n",[15,9706,9707,9747],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9708,9709,9712,9714,9716,9718,9720,9722,9724,9726,9728,9731,9733,9735,9737,9739,9741,9743,9745],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9710,9711],{"class":45},"bad_data ",[39,9713,50],{"class":49},[39,9715,8833],{"class":53},[39,9717,629],{"class":243},[39,9719,173],{"class":247},[39,9721,629],{"class":243},[39,9723,61],{"class":53},[39,9725,595],{"class":57},[39,9727,61],{"class":53},[39,9729,9730],{"class":57}," 100",[39,9732,8846],{"class":53},[39,9734,54],{"class":53},[39,9736,629],{"class":243},[39,9738,1070],{"class":247},[39,9740,629],{"class":243},[39,9742,61],{"class":53},[39,9744,64],{"class":57},[39,9746,8861],{"class":53},[39,9748,9749,9751,9753,9755,9757,9760],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9750,86],{"class":45},[39,9752,50],{"class":49},[39,9754,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9756,101],{"class":53},[39,9758,9759],{"class":97},"bad_data",[39,9761,80],{"class":53},[20,9763,9764,9765,9768],{},"Python raises an error because ",[15,9766,9767],{},"('a', 1, 100)"," has three values, not two.",[20,9770,9771],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the later value replaces the earlier one:",[30,9773,9775],{"className":32,"code":9774,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = [('a', 1), ('a', 99), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(pairs)\nprint(data)\n",[15,9776,9777,9826,9840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9778,9779,9781,9783,9785,9787,9789,9791,9793,9795,9797,9799,9801,9803,9805,9807,9810,9812,9814,9816,9818,9820,9822,9824],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9780,8828],{"class":45},[39,9782,50],{"class":49},[39,9784,8833],{"class":53},[39,9786,629],{"class":243},[39,9788,173],{"class":247},[39,9790,629],{"class":243},[39,9792,61],{"class":53},[39,9794,595],{"class":57},[39,9796,8846],{"class":53},[39,9798,54],{"class":53},[39,9800,629],{"class":243},[39,9802,173],{"class":247},[39,9804,629],{"class":243},[39,9806,61],{"class":53},[39,9808,9809],{"class":57}," 99",[39,9811,8846],{"class":53},[39,9813,54],{"class":53},[39,9815,629],{"class":243},[39,9817,1070],{"class":247},[39,9819,629],{"class":243},[39,9821,61],{"class":53},[39,9823,64],{"class":57},[39,9825,8861],{"class":53},[39,9827,9828,9830,9832,9834,9836,9838],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9829,8778],{"class":45},[39,9831,50],{"class":49},[39,9833,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9835,101],{"class":53},[39,9837,8874],{"class":97},[39,9839,80],{"class":53},[39,9841,9842,9844,9846,9848],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,9843,113],{"class":112},[39,9845,101],{"class":53},[39,9847,8817],{"class":97},[39,9849,80],{"class":53},[20,9851,9852],{},[3367,9853,458],{},[30,9855,9857],{"className":32,"code":9856,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 99, 'b': 2}\n",[15,9858,9859],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9860,9861,9863,9865,9867,9869,9871,9873,9875,9877,9879,9881,9883,9885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9862,8890],{"class":53},[39,9864,629],{"class":243},[39,9866,173],{"class":247},[39,9868,629],{"class":243},[39,9870,145],{"class":53},[39,9872,9809],{"class":57},[39,9874,61],{"class":53},[39,9876,2920],{"class":243},[39,9878,1070],{"class":247},[39,9880,629],{"class":243},[39,9882,145],{"class":53},[39,9884,64],{"class":57},[39,9886,8921],{"class":53},[134,9888,9890],{"id":9889},"create-a-dictionary-with-keyword-arguments","Create a dictionary with keyword arguments",[20,9892,9893],{},"You can also build a dictionary using keyword arguments:",[30,9895,9896],{"className":32,"code":9164,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,9897,9898,9928],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9899,9900,9902,9904,9906,9908,9910,9912,9914,9916,9918,9920,9922,9924,9926],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9901,8778],{"class":45},[39,9903,50],{"class":49},[39,9905,8783],{"class":2523},[39,9907,101],{"class":53},[39,9909,7285],{"class":8788},[39,9911,50],{"class":49},[39,9913,629],{"class":243},[39,9915,4627],{"class":247},[39,9917,629],{"class":243},[39,9919,61],{"class":53},[39,9921,8801],{"class":8788},[39,9923,50],{"class":49},[39,9925,8806],{"class":57},[39,9927,80],{"class":53},[39,9929,9930,9932,9934,9936],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,9931,113],{"class":112},[39,9933,101],{"class":53},[39,9935,8817],{"class":97},[39,9937,80],{"class":53},[20,9939,9940],{},[3367,9941,458],{},[30,9943,9944],{"className":32,"code":9213,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,9945,9946],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,9947,9948,9950,9952,9954,9956,9958,9960,9962,9964,9966,9968,9970,9972,9974,9976],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,9949,8890],{"class":53},[39,9951,629],{"class":243},[39,9953,7285],{"class":247},[39,9955,629],{"class":243},[39,9957,145],{"class":53},[39,9959,2920],{"class":243},[39,9961,4627],{"class":247},[39,9963,629],{"class":243},[39,9965,61],{"class":53},[39,9967,2920],{"class":243},[39,9969,8911],{"class":247},[39,9971,629],{"class":243},[39,9973,145],{"class":53},[39,9975,8918],{"class":57},[39,9977,8921],{"class":53},[20,9979,9980],{},"In this form:",[147,9982,9983,9991],{},[150,9984,9985,9987,9988],{},[15,9986,7285],{}," becomes the string key ",[15,9989,9990],{},"'name'",[150,9992,9993,9987,9995],{},[15,9994,8911],{},[15,9996,9997],{},"'age'",[20,9999,10000],{},"This only works when the key names are valid Python identifiers.",[20,10002,10003],{},"Valid examples:",[30,10005,10007],{"className":32,"code":10006,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict(city='Paris', country='France')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10008,10009,10047],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10010,10011,10013,10015,10017,10019,10022,10024,10026,10029,10031,10033,10036,10038,10040,10043,10045],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10012,8778],{"class":45},[39,10014,50],{"class":49},[39,10016,8783],{"class":2523},[39,10018,101],{"class":53},[39,10020,10021],{"class":8788},"city",[39,10023,50],{"class":49},[39,10025,629],{"class":243},[39,10027,10028],{"class":247},"Paris",[39,10030,629],{"class":243},[39,10032,61],{"class":53},[39,10034,10035],{"class":8788}," country",[39,10037,50],{"class":49},[39,10039,629],{"class":243},[39,10041,10042],{"class":247},"France",[39,10044,629],{"class":243},[39,10046,80],{"class":53},[39,10048,10049,10051,10053,10055],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10050,113],{"class":112},[39,10052,101],{"class":53},[39,10054,8817],{"class":97},[39,10056,80],{"class":53},[20,10058,10059],{},"Invalid key names include ones with:",[147,10061,10062,10065,10068],{},[150,10063,10064],{},"spaces",[150,10066,10067],{},"hyphens",[150,10069,10070],{},"names that start with numbers",[20,10072,10073,10074,10077],{},"For example, this is ",[3367,10075,10076],{},"not valid"," syntax:",[30,10079,10081],{"className":32,"code":10080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# dict(first-name='Sam')\n",[15,10082,10083],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10084,10085],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10086,10080],{"class":124},[20,10088,10089],{},"If you need keys like that, use normal dictionary syntax instead:",[30,10091,10093],{"className":32,"code":10092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10094,10095,10138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10096,10097,10099,10101,10104,10106,10109,10111,10113,10115,10117,10119,10121,10123,10126,10128,10130,10132,10134,10136],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10098,8778],{"class":45},[39,10100,50],{"class":49},[39,10102,10103],{"class":53}," {",[39,10105,629],{"class":243},[39,10107,10108],{"class":247},"first-name",[39,10110,629],{"class":243},[39,10112,145],{"class":53},[39,10114,2920],{"class":243},[39,10116,7294],{"class":247},[39,10118,629],{"class":243},[39,10120,61],{"class":53},[39,10122,2920],{"class":243},[39,10124,10125],{"class":247},"first name",[39,10127,629],{"class":243},[39,10129,145],{"class":53},[39,10131,2920],{"class":243},[39,10133,7294],{"class":247},[39,10135,629],{"class":243},[39,10137,8921],{"class":53},[39,10139,10140,10142,10144,10146],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10141,113],{"class":112},[39,10143,101],{"class":53},[39,10145,8817],{"class":97},[39,10147,80],{"class":53},[20,10149,10150],{},[3367,10151,458],{},[30,10153,10155],{"className":32,"code":10154,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'first-name': 'Sam', 'first name': 'Sam'}\n",[15,10156,10157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10158,10159,10161,10163,10165,10167,10169,10171,10173,10175,10177,10179,10181,10183,10185,10187,10189,10191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10160,8890],{"class":53},[39,10162,629],{"class":243},[39,10164,10108],{"class":247},[39,10166,629],{"class":243},[39,10168,145],{"class":53},[39,10170,2920],{"class":243},[39,10172,7294],{"class":247},[39,10174,629],{"class":243},[39,10176,61],{"class":53},[39,10178,2920],{"class":243},[39,10180,10125],{"class":247},[39,10182,629],{"class":243},[39,10184,145],{"class":53},[39,10186,2920],{"class":243},[39,10188,7294],{"class":247},[39,10190,629],{"class":243},[39,10192,8921],{"class":53},[134,10194,10196,10198,10199],{"id":10195},"dict-vs",[15,10197,8732],{}," vs ",[15,10200,3417],{},[20,10202,10203,10204,796,10206,10208],{},"Both ",[15,10205,8732],{},[15,10207,3417],{}," create dictionaries, but they are used in slightly different situations.",[223,10210,128,10212,10214],{"id":10211},"use-when",[15,10213,3417],{}," when:",[147,10216,10217,10220],{},[150,10218,10219],{},"you want an empty dictionary",[150,10221,10222],{},"you want the shortest and most common syntax",[30,10224,10225],{"className":32,"code":9440,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,10226,10227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10228,10229,10231,10233],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10230,8778],{"class":45},[39,10232,50],{"class":49},[39,10234,9451],{"class":53},[223,10236,128,10238,10214],{"id":10237},"use-dict-when",[15,10239,8732],{},[147,10241,10242,10245,10248],{},[150,10243,10244],{},"you want to convert existing key-value pairs into a dictionary",[150,10246,10247],{},"you want to use keyword arguments",[150,10249,10250],{},"the function form makes the code easier to read",[30,10252,10254],{"className":32,"code":10253,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\ninfo = dict(name='Alice', age=25)\n",[15,10255,10256,10293],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10257,10258,10260,10262,10264,10266,10268,10270,10272,10274,10276,10278,10280,10282,10284,10286,10288,10290],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10259,8778],{"class":45},[39,10261,50],{"class":49},[39,10263,8783],{"class":2523},[39,10265,9270],{"class":53},[39,10267,629],{"class":243},[39,10269,173],{"class":247},[39,10271,629],{"class":243},[39,10273,61],{"class":53},[39,10275,595],{"class":57},[39,10277,8846],{"class":53},[39,10279,54],{"class":53},[39,10281,629],{"class":243},[39,10283,1070],{"class":247},[39,10285,629],{"class":243},[39,10287,61],{"class":53},[39,10289,64],{"class":57},[39,10291,10292],{"class":53},")])\n",[39,10294,10295,10298,10300,10302,10304,10306,10308,10310,10312,10314,10316,10318,10320,10322],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10296,10297],{"class":45},"info ",[39,10299,50],{"class":49},[39,10301,8783],{"class":2523},[39,10303,101],{"class":53},[39,10305,7285],{"class":8788},[39,10307,50],{"class":49},[39,10309,629],{"class":243},[39,10311,4627],{"class":247},[39,10313,629],{"class":243},[39,10315,61],{"class":53},[39,10317,8801],{"class":8788},[39,10319,50],{"class":49},[39,10321,8806],{"class":57},[39,10323,80],{"class":53},[20,10325,10326],{},"So:",[147,10328,10329,10334],{},[150,10330,10331,10333],{},[15,10332,3417],{}," is shorter for an empty dictionary",[150,10335,10336,10338],{},[15,10337,8732],{}," is more flexible when building a dictionary from other data",[20,10340,10341,10342,10346,10347,94],{},"After creating a dictionary, you may want to ",[173,10343,10345],{"href":10344},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","add a key to a dictionary in Python"," or safely read values with the ",[173,10348,10350,10351,1533],{"href":10349},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method\u002F","Python dictionary ",[15,10352,10353],{},"get()",[134,10355,10357],{"id":10356},"common-errors-and-limits","Common errors and limits",[20,10359,10360,10361,94],{},"Here are the most common problems beginners run into with ",[15,10362,8732],{},[223,10364,10366],{"id":10365},"passing-items-that-are-not-2-value-pairs","Passing items that are not 2-value pairs",[20,10368,4148],{},[30,10370,10372],{"className":32,"code":10371,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = ['a', 'b']\ndata = dict(items)\n",[15,10373,10374,10398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10375,10376,10378,10380,10382,10384,10386,10388,10390,10392,10394,10396],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10377,7397],{"class":45},[39,10379,50],{"class":49},[39,10381,3249],{"class":53},[39,10383,629],{"class":243},[39,10385,173],{"class":247},[39,10387,629],{"class":243},[39,10389,61],{"class":53},[39,10391,2920],{"class":243},[39,10393,1070],{"class":247},[39,10395,629],{"class":243},[39,10397,3262],{"class":53},[39,10399,10400,10402,10404,10406,10408,10410],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10401,8778],{"class":45},[39,10403,50],{"class":49},[39,10405,8783],{"class":2523},[39,10407,101],{"class":53},[39,10409,7426],{"class":97},[39,10411,80],{"class":53},[20,10413,10414,10415,94],{},"This fails because each item must be a pair like ",[15,10416,10417],{},"('a', 1)",[20,10419,10420],{},"Correct version:",[30,10422,10424],{"className":32,"code":10423,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\ndata = dict(items)\nprint(data)\n",[15,10425,10426,10460,10474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10427,10428,10430,10432,10434,10436,10438,10440,10442,10444,10446,10448,10450,10452,10454,10456,10458],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10429,7397],{"class":45},[39,10431,50],{"class":49},[39,10433,8833],{"class":53},[39,10435,629],{"class":243},[39,10437,173],{"class":247},[39,10439,629],{"class":243},[39,10441,61],{"class":53},[39,10443,595],{"class":57},[39,10445,8846],{"class":53},[39,10447,54],{"class":53},[39,10449,629],{"class":243},[39,10451,1070],{"class":247},[39,10453,629],{"class":243},[39,10455,61],{"class":53},[39,10457,64],{"class":57},[39,10459,8861],{"class":53},[39,10461,10462,10464,10466,10468,10470,10472],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10463,8778],{"class":45},[39,10465,50],{"class":49},[39,10467,8783],{"class":2523},[39,10469,101],{"class":53},[39,10471,7426],{"class":97},[39,10473,80],{"class":53},[39,10475,10476,10478,10480,10482],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,10477,113],{"class":112},[39,10479,101],{"class":53},[39,10481,8817],{"class":97},[39,10483,80],{"class":53},[223,10485,10487],{"id":10486},"using-invalid-keyword-syntax","Using invalid keyword syntax",[20,10489,10490],{},"This is not valid Python syntax:",[30,10492,10494],{"className":32,"code":10493,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# dict(name: 'Alice')\n",[15,10495,10496],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10497,10498],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10499,10493],{"class":124},[20,10501,10502,10503,145],{},"Keyword arguments must use ",[15,10504,50],{},[30,10506,10508],{"className":32,"code":10507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict(name='Alice')\nprint(data)\n",[15,10509,10510,10532],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10511,10512,10514,10516,10518,10520,10522,10524,10526,10528,10530],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10513,8778],{"class":45},[39,10515,50],{"class":49},[39,10517,8783],{"class":2523},[39,10519,101],{"class":53},[39,10521,7285],{"class":8788},[39,10523,50],{"class":49},[39,10525,629],{"class":243},[39,10527,4627],{"class":247},[39,10529,629],{"class":243},[39,10531,80],{"class":53},[39,10533,10534,10536,10538,10540],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10535,113],{"class":112},[39,10537,101],{"class":53},[39,10539,8817],{"class":97},[39,10541,80],{"class":53},[223,10543,10545],{"id":10544},"using-key-names-that-are-not-valid-identifiers","Using key names that are not valid identifiers",[20,10547,10548],{},"This will not work:",[30,10550,10551],{"className":32,"code":10080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,10552,10553],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10554,10555],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10556,10080],{"class":124},[20,10558,10559],{},"Use standard dictionary syntax instead:",[30,10561,10563],{"className":32,"code":10562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {'first-name': 'Sam'}\nprint(data)\n",[15,10564,10565,10589],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10566,10567,10569,10571,10573,10575,10577,10579,10581,10583,10585,10587],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10568,8778],{"class":45},[39,10570,50],{"class":49},[39,10572,10103],{"class":53},[39,10574,629],{"class":243},[39,10576,10108],{"class":247},[39,10578,629],{"class":243},[39,10580,145],{"class":53},[39,10582,2920],{"class":243},[39,10584,7294],{"class":247},[39,10586,629],{"class":243},[39,10588,8921],{"class":53},[39,10590,10591,10593,10595,10597],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10592,113],{"class":112},[39,10594,101],{"class":53},[39,10596,8817],{"class":97},[39,10598,80],{"class":53},[223,10600,10602],{"id":10601},"expecting-duplicate-keys-to-be-kept","Expecting duplicate keys to be kept",[20,10604,10605],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins:",[30,10607,10609],{"className":32,"code":10608,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = dict([('x', 1), ('x', 2)])\nprint(data)\n",[15,10610,10611,10647],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10612,10613,10615,10617,10619,10621,10623,10625,10627,10629,10631,10633,10635,10637,10639,10641,10643,10645],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10614,8778],{"class":45},[39,10616,50],{"class":49},[39,10618,8783],{"class":2523},[39,10620,9270],{"class":53},[39,10622,629],{"class":243},[39,10624,1798],{"class":247},[39,10626,629],{"class":243},[39,10628,61],{"class":53},[39,10630,595],{"class":57},[39,10632,8846],{"class":53},[39,10634,54],{"class":53},[39,10636,629],{"class":243},[39,10638,1798],{"class":247},[39,10640,629],{"class":243},[39,10642,61],{"class":53},[39,10644,64],{"class":57},[39,10646,10292],{"class":53},[39,10648,10649,10651,10653,10655],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10650,113],{"class":112},[39,10652,101],{"class":53},[39,10654,8817],{"class":97},[39,10656,80],{"class":53},[20,10658,10659],{},[3367,10660,458],{},[30,10662,10664],{"className":32,"code":10663,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'x': 2}\n",[15,10665,10666],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10667,10668,10670,10672,10674,10676,10678,10680],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10669,8890],{"class":53},[39,10671,629],{"class":243},[39,10673,1798],{"class":247},[39,10675,629],{"class":243},[39,10677,145],{"class":53},[39,10679,64],{"class":57},[39,10681,8921],{"class":53},[20,10683,10684,10685,94],{},"If you are getting missing-key problems later, you may also run into ",[173,10686,10688],{"href":10687},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F","KeyError in Python",[134,10690,944],{"id":943},[20,10692,10693,10694,10696],{},"Common causes of problems with ",[15,10695,8732],{}," include:",[147,10698,10699,10709,10715,10718],{},[150,10700,10701,10702,10705,10706],{},"passing a list like ",[15,10703,10704],{},"['a', 'b']"," instead of ",[15,10707,10708],{},"[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]",[150,10710,10711,10712],{},"using invalid keyword-style keys such as ",[15,10713,10714],{},"dict(first-name='Sam')",[150,10716,10717],{},"expecting duplicate keys to be kept separately",[150,10719,10720,10721,10723],{},"confusing ",[15,10722,8732],{}," with the broader topic of dictionary creation in general",[20,10725,10726],{},"If something is not working, these quick checks can help:",[30,10728,10730],{"className":32,"code":10729,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(list_of_pairs)\nprint(len(list_of_pairs))\n",[15,10731,10732,10746,10756,10767],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10733,10734,10736,10738,10740,10742,10744],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10735,113],{"class":112},[39,10737,101],{"class":53},[39,10739,2845],{"class":2523},[39,10741,101],{"class":53},[39,10743,8817],{"class":97},[39,10745,1026],{"class":53},[39,10747,10748,10750,10752,10754],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10749,113],{"class":112},[39,10751,101],{"class":53},[39,10753,8817],{"class":97},[39,10755,80],{"class":53},[39,10757,10758,10760,10762,10765],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,10759,113],{"class":112},[39,10761,101],{"class":53},[39,10763,10764],{"class":97},"list_of_pairs",[39,10766,80],{"class":53},[39,10768,10769,10771,10773,10776,10778,10780],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,10770,113],{"class":112},[39,10772,101],{"class":53},[39,10774,10775],{"class":112},"len",[39,10777,101],{"class":53},[39,10779,10764],{"class":97},[39,10781,1026],{"class":53},[20,10783,10784],{},"These checks help you confirm:",[147,10786,10787,10790,10793],{},[150,10788,10789],{},"whether your result is really a dictionary",[150,10791,10792],{},"what data is being passed in",[150,10794,10795],{},"whether your list of pairs has the expected structure",[134,10797,1454],{"id":1453},[223,10799,1497,10801,796,10803,929],{"id":10800},"what-is-the-difference-between-dict-and",[15,10802,8732],{},[15,10804,3417],{},[20,10806,10807,10809,10810,10812],{},[15,10808,3417],{}," is the short literal form. ",[15,10811,8732],{}," is a function that can also convert pairs or use keyword arguments.",[223,10814,1487,10816,10818],{"id":10815},"can-dict-create-a-dictionary-from-a-list",[15,10817,8732],{}," create a dictionary from a list?",[20,10820,10821,10822,94],{},"Yes, if the list contains 2-item pairs such as ",[15,10823,10708],{},[223,10825,922,10827,10830],{"id":10826},"why-does-dictnamealice-use-string-keys",[15,10828,10829],{},"dict(name='Alice')"," use string keys?",[20,10832,10833],{},"In keyword form, Python turns the keyword names into string keys automatically.",[223,10835,10837,10838,10840],{"id":10836},"can-i-use-spaces-in-keys-with-dict-keyword-arguments","Can I use spaces in keys with ",[15,10839,8732],{}," keyword arguments?",[20,10842,10843,10844,10847],{},"No. For keys with spaces or other invalid identifier characters, use ",[15,10845,10846],{},"{'first name': 'Alice'}"," or pass pairs.",[134,10849,1514],{"id":1513},[147,10851,10852,10857,10861,10866,10872],{},[150,10853,10854],{},[173,10855,10856],{"href":9003},"Creating a dictionary in Python",[150,10858,10859],{},[173,10860,8768],{"href":8767},[150,10862,10863],{},[173,10864,10865],{"href":10344},"How to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[150,10867,10868],{},[173,10869,10350,10870,1533],{"href":10349},[15,10871,10353],{},[150,10873,10874],{},[173,10875,10876],{"href":10687},"KeyError in Python: causes and fixes",[1550,10878,10879],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":10881},[10882,10884,10890,10891,10892,10893,10900,10906,10907,10917],{"id":8957,"depth":83,"text":10883},"What dict() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":10885},[10886,10887,10888,10889],{"id":9014,"depth":109,"text":9015},{"id":9056,"depth":109,"text":9057},{"id":9160,"depth":109,"text":9161},{"id":9250,"depth":109,"text":9251},{"id":9363,"depth":83,"text":9015},{"id":9466,"depth":83,"text":9467},{"id":9889,"depth":83,"text":9890},{"id":10195,"depth":83,"text":10894,"children":10895},"dict() vs {}",[10896,10898],{"id":10211,"depth":109,"text":10897},"Use {} when:",{"id":10237,"depth":109,"text":10899},"Use dict() when:",{"id":10356,"depth":83,"text":10357,"children":10901},[10902,10903,10904,10905],{"id":10365,"depth":109,"text":10366},{"id":10486,"depth":109,"text":10487},{"id":10544,"depth":109,"text":10545},{"id":10601,"depth":109,"text":10602},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":10908},[10909,10911,10913,10915],{"id":10800,"depth":109,"text":10910},"What is the difference between dict() and {}?",{"id":10815,"depth":109,"text":10912},"Can dict() create a dictionary from a list?",{"id":10826,"depth":109,"text":10914},"Why does dict(name='Alice') use string keys?",{"id":10836,"depth":109,"text":10916},"Can I use spaces in keys with dict() keyword arguments?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dict function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained",{"title":8724,"description":10918},"reference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained","pnY0ft_AcouoxXnqOTEjZDN1f3GnmsuukIHgiulbVfc",{"id":10925,"title":10926,"body":10927,"description":12433,"extension":1587,"meta":12434,"navigation":420,"path":12435,"seo":12436,"stem":12437,"__hash__":12438},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method.md","Python Dictionary clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":10928,"toc":12402},[10929,10936,10942,10949,10951,11012,11017,11022,11027,11044,11047,11051,11053,11069,11072,11085,11087,11090,11224,11226,11293,11296,11312,11318,11324,11327,11409,11411,11425,11429,11435,11500,11502,11510,11513,11535,11541,11604,11610,11613,11627,11640,11644,11655,11660,11671,11678,11682,11688,11810,11812,11838,11841,11858,11861,11972,11974,12023,12025,12038,12047,12052,12057,12068,12070,12173,12196,12198,12202,12221,12224,12282,12285,12311,12313,12319,12322,12328,12332,12339,12347,12353,12356,12358,12399],[10,10930,10932,10933,18],{"id":10931},"python-dictionary-clear-method","Python Dictionary ",[15,10934,10935],{},"clear()",[20,10937,10938,10941],{},[15,10939,10940],{},"dict.clear()"," removes all items from a dictionary.",[20,10943,10944,10945,10948],{},"Use it when you want to empty a dictionary without replacing the variable with a new dictionary. This method changes the original dictionary ",[3367,10946,10947],{},"in place",", which means the same dictionary object is kept, but all key-value pairs are removed.",[134,10950,1629],{"id":1628},[30,10952,10954],{"className":32,"code":10953,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata.clear()\nprint(data)  # {}\n",[15,10955,10956,10988,10999],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,10957,10958,10960,10962,10964,10966,10968,10970,10972,10974,10976,10978,10980,10982,10984,10986],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,10959,8778],{"class":45},[39,10961,50],{"class":49},[39,10963,10103],{"class":53},[39,10965,244],{"class":243},[39,10967,173],{"class":247},[39,10969,244],{"class":243},[39,10971,145],{"class":53},[39,10973,595],{"class":57},[39,10975,61],{"class":53},[39,10977,255],{"class":243},[39,10979,1070],{"class":247},[39,10981,244],{"class":243},[39,10983,145],{"class":53},[39,10985,64],{"class":57},[39,10987,8921],{"class":53},[39,10989,10990,10992,10994,10997],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,10991,8817],{"class":45},[39,10993,94],{"class":53},[39,10995,10996],{"class":97},"clear",[39,10998,8257],{"class":53},[39,11000,11001,11003,11005,11007,11009],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,11002,113],{"class":112},[39,11004,101],{"class":53},[39,11006,8817],{"class":97},[39,11008,121],{"class":53},[39,11010,11011],{"class":124},"  # {}\n",[20,11013,11014,11016],{},[15,11015,10935],{}," removes all items from the same dictionary object.",[134,11018,137,11020,140],{"id":11019},"what-clear-does",[15,11021,10935],{},[20,11023,1604,11024,11026],{},[15,11025,10935],{}," method:",[147,11028,11029,11032,11035,11039],{},[150,11030,11031],{},"Removes all key-value pairs from a dictionary",[150,11033,11034],{},"Changes the original dictionary in place",[150,11036,494,11037],{},[15,11038,3403],{},[150,11040,11041,11042],{},"Leaves you with an empty dictionary: ",[15,11043,3417],{},[20,11045,11046],{},"This is one of the standard ways to remove dictionary contents without deleting the variable itself.",[20,11048,8764,11049,94],{},[173,11050,8768],{"href":8767},[134,11052,1781],{"id":1780},[30,11054,11056],{"className":32,"code":11055,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.clear()\n",[15,11057,11058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11059,11060,11063,11065,11067],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11061,11062],{"class":45},"my_dict",[39,11064,94],{"class":53},[39,11066,10996],{"class":97},[39,11068,8257],{"class":53},[20,11070,11071],{},"Important points:",[147,11073,11074,11079,11082],{},[150,11075,11076,11078],{},[15,11077,10935],{}," takes no arguments",[150,11080,11081],{},"You call it on a dictionary object",[150,11083,11084],{},"It empties that dictionary",[134,11086,355],{"id":354},[20,11088,11089],{},"Here is a basic example:",[30,11091,11093],{"className":32,"code":11092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\n    \"name\": \"Maya\",\n    \"age\": 25,\n    \"city\": \"Berlin\"\n}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", user)\n\nuser.clear()\n\nprint(\"After:\", user)\n",[15,11094,11095,11105,11126,11140,11157,11161,11165,11185,11189,11200,11204],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11096,11097,11100,11102],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11098,11099],{"class":45},"user ",[39,11101,50],{"class":49},[39,11103,11104],{"class":53}," {\n",[39,11106,11107,11110,11112,11114,11116,11118,11121,11123],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11108,11109],{"class":243},"    \"",[39,11111,7285],{"class":247},[39,11113,244],{"class":243},[39,11115,145],{"class":53},[39,11117,255],{"class":243},[39,11119,11120],{"class":247},"Maya",[39,11122,244],{"class":243},[39,11124,11125],{"class":53},",\n",[39,11127,11128,11130,11132,11134,11136,11138],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,11129,11109],{"class":243},[39,11131,8911],{"class":247},[39,11133,244],{"class":243},[39,11135,145],{"class":53},[39,11137,8918],{"class":57},[39,11139,11125],{"class":53},[39,11141,11142,11144,11146,11148,11150,11152,11155],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,11143,11109],{"class":243},[39,11145,10021],{"class":247},[39,11147,244],{"class":243},[39,11149,145],{"class":53},[39,11151,255],{"class":243},[39,11153,11154],{"class":247},"Berlin",[39,11156,2983],{"class":243},[39,11158,11159],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,11160,8921],{"class":53},[39,11162,11163],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,11164,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11166,11167,11169,11171,11173,11176,11178,11180,11183],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,11168,113],{"class":112},[39,11170,101],{"class":53},[39,11172,244],{"class":243},[39,11174,11175],{"class":247},"Before:",[39,11177,244],{"class":243},[39,11179,61],{"class":53},[39,11181,11182],{"class":97}," user",[39,11184,80],{"class":53},[39,11186,11187],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,11188,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11190,11191,11194,11196,11198],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,11192,11193],{"class":45},"user",[39,11195,94],{"class":53},[39,11197,10996],{"class":97},[39,11199,8257],{"class":53},[39,11201,11202],{"class":41,"line":6052},[39,11203,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11205,11207,11209,11211,11213,11216,11218,11220,11222],{"class":41,"line":11206},11,[39,11208,113],{"class":112},[39,11210,101],{"class":53},[39,11212,244],{"class":243},[39,11214,11215],{"class":247},"After:",[39,11217,244],{"class":243},[39,11219,61],{"class":53},[39,11221,11182],{"class":97},[39,11223,80],{"class":53},[20,11225,5175],{},[30,11227,11229],{"className":32,"code":11228,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Before: {'name': 'Maya', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Berlin'}\nAfter: {}\n",[15,11230,11231,11284],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11232,11233,11236,11238,11240,11242,11244,11246,11248,11250,11252,11254,11256,11258,11260,11262,11264,11266,11268,11270,11272,11274,11276,11278,11280,11282],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11234,11235],{"class":45},"Before",[39,11237,145],{"class":53},[39,11239,10103],{"class":53},[39,11241,629],{"class":243},[39,11243,7285],{"class":247},[39,11245,629],{"class":243},[39,11247,145],{"class":53},[39,11249,2920],{"class":243},[39,11251,11120],{"class":247},[39,11253,629],{"class":243},[39,11255,61],{"class":53},[39,11257,2920],{"class":243},[39,11259,8911],{"class":247},[39,11261,629],{"class":243},[39,11263,145],{"class":53},[39,11265,8918],{"class":57},[39,11267,61],{"class":53},[39,11269,2920],{"class":243},[39,11271,10021],{"class":247},[39,11273,629],{"class":243},[39,11275,145],{"class":53},[39,11277,2920],{"class":243},[39,11279,11154],{"class":247},[39,11281,629],{"class":243},[39,11283,8921],{"class":53},[39,11285,11286,11289,11291],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11287,11288],{"class":45},"After",[39,11290,145],{"class":53},[39,11292,9451],{"class":53},[20,11294,11295],{},"What happens here:",[147,11297,11298,11303,11309],{},[150,11299,11300,11302],{},[15,11301,11193],{}," starts with three items",[150,11304,11305,11308],{},[15,11306,11307],{},"user.clear()"," removes them all",[150,11310,11311],{},"The dictionary still exists, but it is now empty",[134,11313,137,11315,11317],{"id":11314},"what-clear-returns",[15,11316,10935],{}," returns",[20,11319,11320,476,11322,94],{},[15,11321,10935],{},[15,11323,3403],{},[20,11325,11326],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake:",[30,11328,11330],{"className":32,"code":11329,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nresult = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11331,11332,11366,11370,11385,11389,11399],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11333,11334,11337,11339,11341,11343,11345,11347,11349,11351,11353,11355,11358,11360,11362,11364],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11335,11336],{"class":45},"my_dict ",[39,11338,50],{"class":49},[39,11340,10103],{"class":53},[39,11342,244],{"class":243},[39,11344,1798],{"class":247},[39,11346,244],{"class":243},[39,11348,145],{"class":53},[39,11350,595],{"class":57},[39,11352,61],{"class":53},[39,11354,255],{"class":243},[39,11356,11357],{"class":247},"y",[39,11359,244],{"class":243},[39,11361,145],{"class":53},[39,11363,64],{"class":57},[39,11365,8921],{"class":53},[39,11367,11368],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11369,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11371,11372,11374,11376,11379,11381,11383],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,11373,86],{"class":45},[39,11375,50],{"class":49},[39,11377,11378],{"class":45}," my_dict",[39,11380,94],{"class":53},[39,11382,10996],{"class":97},[39,11384,8257],{"class":53},[39,11386,11387],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,11388,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11390,11391,11393,11395,11397],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,11392,113],{"class":112},[39,11394,101],{"class":53},[39,11396,118],{"class":97},[39,11398,80],{"class":53},[39,11400,11401,11403,11405,11407],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,11402,113],{"class":112},[39,11404,101],{"class":53},[39,11406,11062],{"class":97},[39,11408,80],{"class":53},[20,11410,458],{},[30,11412,11414],{"className":32,"code":11413,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n{}\n",[15,11415,11416,11421],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11417,11418],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11419,11420],{"class":3477},"None\n",[39,11422,11423],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11424,9047],{"class":53},[223,11426,11428],{"id":11427},"common-mistake","Common mistake",[20,11430,11431,11432,11434],{},"Do ",[3367,11433,4254],{}," do this:",[30,11436,11438],{"className":32,"code":11437,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict = my_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)\n",[15,11439,11440,11472,11486,11490],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11441,11442,11444,11446,11448,11450,11452,11454,11456,11458,11460,11462,11464,11466,11468,11470],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11443,11336],{"class":45},[39,11445,50],{"class":49},[39,11447,10103],{"class":53},[39,11449,244],{"class":243},[39,11451,1798],{"class":247},[39,11453,244],{"class":243},[39,11455,145],{"class":53},[39,11457,595],{"class":57},[39,11459,61],{"class":53},[39,11461,255],{"class":243},[39,11463,11357],{"class":247},[39,11465,244],{"class":243},[39,11467,145],{"class":53},[39,11469,64],{"class":57},[39,11471,8921],{"class":53},[39,11473,11474,11476,11478,11480,11482,11484],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11475,11336],{"class":45},[39,11477,50],{"class":49},[39,11479,11378],{"class":45},[39,11481,94],{"class":53},[39,11483,10996],{"class":97},[39,11485,8257],{"class":53},[39,11487,11488],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,11489,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11491,11492,11494,11496,11498],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,11493,113],{"class":112},[39,11495,101],{"class":53},[39,11497,11062],{"class":97},[39,11499,80],{"class":53},[20,11501,458],{},[30,11503,11504],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,11505,11506],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11507,11508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11509,11420],{"class":3477},[20,11511,11512],{},"Why this happens:",[147,11514,11515,11521,11525],{},[150,11516,11517,11520],{},[15,11518,11519],{},"my_dict.clear()"," empties the dictionary",[150,11522,1481,11523],{},[15,11524,3403],{},[150,11526,11527,11528,11531,11532,11534],{},"Then ",[15,11529,11530],{},"my_dict = ..."," stores ",[15,11533,3403],{}," in the variable",[20,11536,11537,11538,11540],{},"If you want to keep using the dictionary, just call ",[15,11539,10935],{}," by itself:",[30,11542,11544],{"className":32,"code":11543,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nmy_dict.clear()\n\nprint(my_dict)  # {}\n",[15,11545,11546,11578,11588,11592],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11547,11548,11550,11552,11554,11556,11558,11560,11562,11564,11566,11568,11570,11572,11574,11576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11549,11336],{"class":45},[39,11551,50],{"class":49},[39,11553,10103],{"class":53},[39,11555,244],{"class":243},[39,11557,1798],{"class":247},[39,11559,244],{"class":243},[39,11561,145],{"class":53},[39,11563,595],{"class":57},[39,11565,61],{"class":53},[39,11567,255],{"class":243},[39,11569,11357],{"class":247},[39,11571,244],{"class":243},[39,11573,145],{"class":53},[39,11575,64],{"class":57},[39,11577,8921],{"class":53},[39,11579,11580,11582,11584,11586],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11581,11062],{"class":45},[39,11583,94],{"class":53},[39,11585,10996],{"class":97},[39,11587,8257],{"class":53},[39,11589,11590],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,11591,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11593,11594,11596,11598,11600,11602],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,11595,113],{"class":112},[39,11597,101],{"class":53},[39,11599,11062],{"class":97},[39,11601,121],{"class":53},[39,11603,11011],{"class":124},[134,11605,11607,11609],{"id":11606},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-dictionary",[15,11608,10935],{}," vs creating a new empty dictionary",[20,11611,11612],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they do different things:",[30,11614,11615],{"className":32,"code":11055,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,11616,11617],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11618,11619,11621,11623,11625],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11620,11062],{"class":45},[39,11622,94],{"class":53},[39,11624,10996],{"class":97},[39,11626,8257],{"class":53},[30,11628,11630],{"className":32,"code":11629,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {}\n",[15,11631,11632],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11633,11634,11636,11638],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11635,11336],{"class":45},[39,11637,50],{"class":49},[39,11639,9451],{"class":53},[223,11641,11642],{"id":10996},[15,11643,10935],{},[147,11645,11646,11649,11652],{},[150,11647,11648],{},"Empties the existing dictionary object",[150,11650,11651],{},"Keeps the same object in memory",[150,11653,11654],{},"Affects all variables that refer to that same dictionary",[223,11656,11657],{"id":11062},[15,11658,11659],{},"my_dict = {}",[147,11661,11662,11665,11668],{},[150,11663,11664],{},"Creates a new empty dictionary object",[150,11666,11667],{},"Reassigns the variable to that new object",[150,11669,11670],{},"Other variables pointing to the old dictionary are unchanged",[20,11672,11673,11674,94],{},"This difference matters when you are working with shared references. It is also related to ",[173,11675,11677],{"href":11676},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types\u002F","mutable vs immutable types in Python",[134,11679,11681],{"id":11680},"shared-reference-example","Shared reference example",[20,11683,11684,11685,11687],{},"If two variables point to the same dictionary, ",[15,11686,10935],{}," affects both because both names refer to the same object.",[30,11689,11691],{"className":32,"code":11690,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal.clear()\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11692,11693,11726,11736,11740,11751,11755,11775,11795],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11694,11695,11698,11700,11702,11704,11706,11708,11710,11712,11714,11716,11718,11720,11722,11724],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11696,11697],{"class":45},"original ",[39,11699,50],{"class":49},[39,11701,10103],{"class":53},[39,11703,244],{"class":243},[39,11705,173],{"class":247},[39,11707,244],{"class":243},[39,11709,145],{"class":53},[39,11711,595],{"class":57},[39,11713,61],{"class":53},[39,11715,255],{"class":243},[39,11717,1070],{"class":247},[39,11719,244],{"class":243},[39,11721,145],{"class":53},[39,11723,64],{"class":57},[39,11725,8921],{"class":53},[39,11727,11728,11731,11733],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11729,11730],{"class":45},"other_ref ",[39,11732,50],{"class":49},[39,11734,11735],{"class":45}," original\n",[39,11737,11738],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,11739,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11741,11742,11745,11747,11749],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,11743,11744],{"class":45},"original",[39,11746,94],{"class":53},[39,11748,10996],{"class":97},[39,11750,8257],{"class":53},[39,11752,11753],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,11754,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11756,11757,11759,11761,11763,11766,11768,11770,11773],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,11758,113],{"class":112},[39,11760,101],{"class":53},[39,11762,244],{"class":243},[39,11764,11765],{"class":247},"original:",[39,11767,244],{"class":243},[39,11769,61],{"class":53},[39,11771,11772],{"class":97}," original",[39,11774,80],{"class":53},[39,11776,11777,11779,11781,11783,11786,11788,11790,11793],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,11778,113],{"class":112},[39,11780,101],{"class":53},[39,11782,244],{"class":243},[39,11784,11785],{"class":247},"other_ref:",[39,11787,244],{"class":243},[39,11789,61],{"class":53},[39,11791,11792],{"class":97}," other_ref",[39,11794,80],{"class":53},[39,11796,11797,11799,11801,11803,11806,11808],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,11798,113],{"class":112},[39,11800,101],{"class":53},[39,11802,11697],{"class":97},[39,11804,11805],{"class":572},"is",[39,11807,11792],{"class":97},[39,11809,80],{"class":53},[20,11811,458],{},[30,11813,11815],{"className":32,"code":11814,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original: {}\nother_ref: {}\nTrue\n",[15,11816,11817,11825,11834],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11818,11819,11821,11823],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11820,11744],{"class":45},[39,11822,145],{"class":53},[39,11824,9451],{"class":53},[39,11826,11827,11830,11832],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11828,11829],{"class":45},"other_ref",[39,11831,145],{"class":53},[39,11833,9451],{"class":53},[39,11835,11836],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,11837,3605],{"class":3477},[20,11839,11840],{},"This shows:",[147,11842,11843,11850,11855],{},[150,11844,11845,796,11847,11849],{},[15,11846,11744],{},[15,11848,11829],{}," refer to the same dictionary",[150,11851,11852,11854],{},[15,11853,10935],{}," changes that dictionary in place",[150,11856,11857],{},"Both variables now show an empty dictionary",[20,11859,11860],{},"Now compare that with reassignment:",[30,11862,11864],{"className":32,"code":11863,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nother_ref = original\n\noriginal = {}\n\nprint(\"original:\", original)\nprint(\"other_ref:\", other_ref)\nprint(original is other_ref)\n",[15,11865,11866,11898,11906,11910,11918,11922,11940,11958],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11867,11868,11870,11872,11874,11876,11878,11880,11882,11884,11886,11888,11890,11892,11894,11896],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11869,11697],{"class":45},[39,11871,50],{"class":49},[39,11873,10103],{"class":53},[39,11875,244],{"class":243},[39,11877,173],{"class":247},[39,11879,244],{"class":243},[39,11881,145],{"class":53},[39,11883,595],{"class":57},[39,11885,61],{"class":53},[39,11887,255],{"class":243},[39,11889,1070],{"class":247},[39,11891,244],{"class":243},[39,11893,145],{"class":53},[39,11895,64],{"class":57},[39,11897,8921],{"class":53},[39,11899,11900,11902,11904],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11901,11730],{"class":45},[39,11903,50],{"class":49},[39,11905,11735],{"class":45},[39,11907,11908],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,11909,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11911,11912,11914,11916],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,11913,11697],{"class":45},[39,11915,50],{"class":49},[39,11917,9451],{"class":53},[39,11919,11920],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,11921,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,11923,11924,11926,11928,11930,11932,11934,11936,11938],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,11925,113],{"class":112},[39,11927,101],{"class":53},[39,11929,244],{"class":243},[39,11931,11765],{"class":247},[39,11933,244],{"class":243},[39,11935,61],{"class":53},[39,11937,11772],{"class":97},[39,11939,80],{"class":53},[39,11941,11942,11944,11946,11948,11950,11952,11954,11956],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,11943,113],{"class":112},[39,11945,101],{"class":53},[39,11947,244],{"class":243},[39,11949,11785],{"class":247},[39,11951,244],{"class":243},[39,11953,61],{"class":53},[39,11955,11792],{"class":97},[39,11957,80],{"class":53},[39,11959,11960,11962,11964,11966,11968,11970],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,11961,113],{"class":112},[39,11963,101],{"class":53},[39,11965,11697],{"class":97},[39,11967,11805],{"class":572},[39,11969,11792],{"class":97},[39,11971,80],{"class":53},[20,11973,458],{},[30,11975,11977],{"className":32,"code":11976,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original: {}\nother_ref: {'a': 1, 'b': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,11978,11979,11987,12019],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,11980,11981,11983,11985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,11982,11744],{"class":45},[39,11984,145],{"class":53},[39,11986,9451],{"class":53},[39,11988,11989,11991,11993,11995,11997,11999,12001,12003,12005,12007,12009,12011,12013,12015,12017],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,11990,11829],{"class":45},[39,11992,145],{"class":53},[39,11994,10103],{"class":53},[39,11996,629],{"class":243},[39,11998,173],{"class":247},[39,12000,629],{"class":243},[39,12002,145],{"class":53},[39,12004,595],{"class":57},[39,12006,61],{"class":53},[39,12008,2920],{"class":243},[39,12010,1070],{"class":247},[39,12012,629],{"class":243},[39,12014,145],{"class":53},[39,12016,64],{"class":57},[39,12018,8921],{"class":53},[39,12020,12021],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,12022,3666],{"class":3477},[20,12024,1803],{},[147,12026,12027,12033],{},[150,12028,12029,12032],{},[15,12030,12031],{},"original = {}"," creates a new dictionary",[150,12034,12035,12037],{},[15,12036,11829],{}," still points to the old one",[20,12039,12040,12041,94],{},"If you want to make a separate dictionary before changing it, see ",[173,12042,12044],{"href":12043},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method\u002F",[15,12045,12046],{},"dict.copy()",[134,12048,4584,12050],{"id":12049},"when-to-use-clear",[15,12051,10935],{},[20,12053,12054,12056],{},[15,12055,10935],{}," is useful when you want to:",[147,12058,12059,12062,12065],{},[150,12060,12061],{},"Reset stored data before reusing a dictionary",[150,12063,12064],{},"Empty a cache or temporary mapping",[150,12066,12067],{},"Remove all items without deleting the variable",[20,12069,515],{},[30,12071,12073],{"className":32,"code":12072,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"session_data = {\n    \"user_id\": 101,\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\n# Reset for a new session\nsession_data.clear()\n\nprint(session_data)  # {}\n",[15,12074,12075,12084,12100,12120,12133,12137,12141,12146,12157,12161],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12076,12077,12080,12082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12078,12079],{"class":45},"session_data ",[39,12081,50],{"class":49},[39,12083,11104],{"class":53},[39,12085,12086,12088,12091,12093,12095,12098],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,12087,11109],{"class":243},[39,12089,12090],{"class":247},"user_id",[39,12092,244],{"class":243},[39,12094,145],{"class":53},[39,12096,12097],{"class":57}," 101",[39,12099,11125],{"class":53},[39,12101,12102,12104,12107,12109,12111,12113,12116,12118],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,12103,11109],{"class":243},[39,12105,12106],{"class":247},"theme",[39,12108,244],{"class":243},[39,12110,145],{"class":53},[39,12112,255],{"class":243},[39,12114,12115],{"class":247},"dark",[39,12117,244],{"class":243},[39,12119,11125],{"class":53},[39,12121,12122,12124,12127,12129,12131],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,12123,11109],{"class":243},[39,12125,12126],{"class":247},"logged_in",[39,12128,244],{"class":243},[39,12130,145],{"class":53},[39,12132,6038],{"class":3477},[39,12134,12135],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,12136,8921],{"class":53},[39,12138,12139],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,12140,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,12142,12143],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,12144,12145],{"class":124},"# Reset for a new session\n",[39,12147,12148,12151,12153,12155],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,12149,12150],{"class":45},"session_data",[39,12152,94],{"class":53},[39,12154,10996],{"class":97},[39,12156,8257],{"class":53},[39,12158,12159],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,12160,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,12162,12163,12165,12167,12169,12171],{"class":41,"line":6052},[39,12164,113],{"class":112},[39,12166,101],{"class":53},[39,12168,12150],{"class":97},[39,12170,121],{"class":53},[39,12172,11011],{"class":124},[20,12174,12175,12176,12182,12183,94,12187,12189,12190,94],{},"If you only want to remove one item, use a more specific method like ",[173,12177,12179],{"href":12178},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method\u002F",[15,12180,12181],{},"dict.pop()"," or read ",[173,12184,12186],{"href":12185},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-a-key-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1446,12188],{},"\nIf you want to remove the last inserted item, see ",[173,12191,12193],{"href":12192},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method\u002F",[15,12194,12195],{},"dict.popitem()",[134,12197,944],{"id":943},[20,12199,10360,12200,145],{},[15,12201,10935],{},[147,12203,12204,12210,12215,12218],{},[150,12205,12206,12207,12209],{},"Assigning the result of ",[15,12208,10935],{}," to a variable",[150,12211,1030,12212,12214],{},[15,12213,10935],{}," to return a new dictionary",[150,12216,12217],{},"Not realizing the dictionary is changed in place",[150,12219,12220],{},"Clearing a dictionary that is shared by another variable",[20,12222,12223],{},"If something looks wrong, these quick checks can help:",[30,12225,12227],{"className":32,"code":12226,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(id(my_dict))\nprint(other_ref is my_dict)\n",[15,12228,12229,12239,12253,12268],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12230,12231,12233,12235,12237],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12232,113],{"class":112},[39,12234,101],{"class":53},[39,12236,11062],{"class":97},[39,12238,80],{"class":53},[39,12240,12241,12243,12245,12247,12249,12251],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,12242,113],{"class":112},[39,12244,101],{"class":53},[39,12246,2845],{"class":2523},[39,12248,101],{"class":53},[39,12250,11062],{"class":97},[39,12252,1026],{"class":53},[39,12254,12255,12257,12259,12262,12264,12266],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,12256,113],{"class":112},[39,12258,101],{"class":53},[39,12260,12261],{"class":112},"id",[39,12263,101],{"class":53},[39,12265,11062],{"class":97},[39,12267,1026],{"class":53},[39,12269,12270,12272,12274,12276,12278,12280],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,12271,113],{"class":112},[39,12273,101],{"class":53},[39,12275,11730],{"class":97},[39,12277,11805],{"class":572},[39,12279,11378],{"class":97},[39,12281,80],{"class":53},[20,12283,12284],{},"What these show:",[147,12286,12287,12293,12299,12305],{},[150,12288,12289,12292],{},[15,12290,12291],{},"print(my_dict)"," shows the current contents",[150,12294,12295,12298],{},[15,12296,12297],{},"print(type(my_dict))"," confirms it is still a dictionary",[150,12300,12301,12304],{},[15,12302,12303],{},"print(id(my_dict))"," helps you check whether it is the same object as before",[150,12306,12307,12310],{},[15,12308,12309],{},"print(other_ref is my_dict)"," tells you whether two variables point to the same object",[134,12312,1454],{"id":1453},[223,12314,1468,12316,12318],{"id":12315},"does-clear-delete-the-dictionary",[15,12317,10935],{}," delete the dictionary?",[20,12320,12321],{},"No. It keeps the dictionary object but removes all items from it.",[223,12323,1458,12325,12327],{"id":12324},"what-does-dictclear-return",[15,12326,10940],{}," return?",[20,12329,4768,12330,94],{},[15,12331,3403],{},[223,12333,1497,12335,796,12337,929],{"id":12334},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and",[15,12336,10935],{},[15,12338,3417],{},[20,12340,12341,12343,12344,12346],{},[15,12342,10935],{}," empties the same dictionary object. Assigning ",[15,12345,3417],{}," creates a new empty dictionary.",[223,12348,1468,12350,12352],{"id":12349},"does-clear-work-on-nested-dictionaries",[15,12351,10935],{}," work on nested dictionaries?",[20,12354,12355],{},"It removes the top-level items. If nested dictionaries were inside it, those references are removed from this dictionary.",[134,12357,1514],{"id":1513},[147,12359,12360,12364,12368,12375,12382,12389,12394],{},[150,12361,12362],{},[173,12363,8768],{"href":8767},[150,12365,12366],{},[173,12367,10856],{"href":9003},[150,12369,12370],{},[173,12371,10350,12372,1533],{"href":12178},[15,12373,12374],{},"pop()",[150,12376,12377],{},[173,12378,10350,12379,1533],{"href":12192},[15,12380,12381],{},"popitem()",[150,12383,12384],{},[173,12385,10350,12386,1533],{"href":12043},[15,12387,12388],{},"copy()",[150,12390,12391],{},[173,12392,12393],{"href":11676},"Mutable vs immutable types in Python",[150,12395,12396],{},[173,12397,12398],{"href":12185},"How to remove a key from a dictionary in Python",[1550,12400,12401],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":12403},[12404,12405,12407,12408,12409,12413,12418,12419,12421,12422,12432],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":11019,"depth":83,"text":12406},"What clear() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":11314,"depth":83,"text":12410,"children":12411},"What clear() returns",[12412],{"id":11427,"depth":109,"text":11428},{"id":11606,"depth":83,"text":12414,"children":12415},"clear() vs creating a new empty dictionary",[12416,12417],{"id":10996,"depth":109,"text":10935},{"id":11062,"depth":109,"text":11659},{"id":11680,"depth":83,"text":11681},{"id":12049,"depth":83,"text":12420},"When to use clear()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":12423},[12424,12426,12428,12430],{"id":12315,"depth":109,"text":12425},"Does clear() delete the dictionary?",{"id":12324,"depth":109,"text":12427},"What does dict.clear() return?",{"id":12334,"depth":109,"text":12429},"What is the difference between clear() and {}?",{"id":12349,"depth":109,"text":12431},"Does clear() work on nested dictionaries?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method",{"title":10926,"description":12433},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method","xe2WHgVVqBBDcVsY_J76LhYda8_TxsqdNPbHatiN8IU",{"id":12440,"title":12441,"body":12442,"description":14608,"extension":1587,"meta":14609,"navigation":420,"path":14610,"seo":14611,"stem":14612,"__hash__":14613},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method.md","Python Dictionary copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":12443,"toc":14580},[12444,12449,12454,12464,12466,12555,12559,12600,12605,12612,12630,12639,12641,12662,12665,12677,12679,12755,12759,12800,12802,12805,12933,12937,13017,13020,13038,13041,13045,13051,13053,13064,13066,13261,13265,13371,13374,13392,13395,13402,13407,13411,13425,13427,13554,13558,13638,13651,13657,13660,13668,13672,13798,13802,13876,13881,14012,14016,14090,14093,14107,14111,14115,14129,14131,14267,14271,14340,14342,14347,14369,14372,14479,14482,14493,14500,14502,14508,14511,14518,14521,14528,14536,14540,14543,14545,14577],[10,12445,10932,12447,18],{"id":12446},"python-dictionary-copy-method",[15,12448,12388],{},[20,12450,12451,12453],{},[15,12452,12046],{}," creates a new dictionary with the same key-value pairs as the original.",[20,12455,12456,12457,12459,12460,12463],{},"This method is useful when you want a separate dictionary object instead of another variable pointing to the same dictionary. It is important to know that ",[15,12458,12388],{}," makes a ",[3367,12461,12462],{},"shallow copy",", not a deep copy.",[134,12465,1629],{"id":1628},[30,12467,12469],{"className":32,"code":12468,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nprint(student_copy)\nprint(student_copy is student)\n",[15,12470,12471,12509,12526,12530,12541],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12472,12473,12476,12478,12480,12482,12484,12486,12488,12490,12493,12495,12497,12499,12501,12503,12505,12507],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12474,12475],{"class":45},"student ",[39,12477,50],{"class":49},[39,12479,10103],{"class":53},[39,12481,244],{"class":243},[39,12483,7285],{"class":247},[39,12485,244],{"class":243},[39,12487,145],{"class":53},[39,12489,255],{"class":243},[39,12491,12492],{"class":247},"Ana",[39,12494,244],{"class":243},[39,12496,61],{"class":53},[39,12498,255],{"class":243},[39,12500,8911],{"class":247},[39,12502,244],{"class":243},[39,12504,145],{"class":53},[39,12506,687],{"class":57},[39,12508,8921],{"class":53},[39,12510,12511,12514,12516,12519,12521,12524],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,12512,12513],{"class":45},"student_copy ",[39,12515,50],{"class":49},[39,12517,12518],{"class":45}," student",[39,12520,94],{"class":53},[39,12522,12523],{"class":97},"copy",[39,12525,8257],{"class":53},[39,12527,12528],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,12529,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,12531,12532,12534,12536,12539],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,12533,113],{"class":112},[39,12535,101],{"class":53},[39,12537,12538],{"class":97},"student_copy",[39,12540,80],{"class":53},[39,12542,12543,12545,12547,12549,12551,12553],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,12544,113],{"class":112},[39,12546,101],{"class":53},[39,12548,12513],{"class":97},[39,12550,11805],{"class":572},[39,12552,12518],{"class":97},[39,12554,80],{"class":53},[20,12556,12557],{},[3367,12558,458],{},[30,12560,12562],{"className":32,"code":12561,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\nFalse\n",[15,12563,12564,12596],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12565,12566,12568,12570,12572,12574,12576,12578,12580,12582,12584,12586,12588,12590,12592,12594],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12567,8890],{"class":53},[39,12569,629],{"class":243},[39,12571,7285],{"class":247},[39,12573,629],{"class":243},[39,12575,145],{"class":53},[39,12577,2920],{"class":243},[39,12579,12492],{"class":247},[39,12581,629],{"class":243},[39,12583,61],{"class":53},[39,12585,2920],{"class":243},[39,12587,8911],{"class":247},[39,12589,629],{"class":243},[39,12591,145],{"class":53},[39,12593,687],{"class":57},[39,12595,8921],{"class":53},[39,12597,12598],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,12599,3666],{"class":3477},[20,12601,128,12602,12604],{},[15,12603,12388],{}," to create a new dictionary object with the same contents. The result is a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[134,12606,12608,12609,12611],{"id":12607},"what-the-copy-method-does","What the ",[15,12610,12388],{}," method does",[147,12613,12614,12619,12622,12627],{},[150,12615,12616,12618],{},[15,12617,12046],{}," returns a new dictionary",[150,12620,12621],{},"The new dictionary starts with the same keys and values as the original",[150,12623,12624,12625],{},"The original dictionary is not changed by calling ",[15,12626,12388],{},[150,12628,12629],{},"It is useful when you want a separate dictionary object",[20,12631,12632,12633,177,12636,94],{},"If you are still learning how dictionaries work, see ",[173,12634,8768],{"href":12635},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-dictionaries-explained",[173,12637,9004],{"href":12638},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[134,12640,1781],{"id":1780},[30,12642,12644],{"className":32,"code":12643,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"new_dict = old_dict.copy()\n",[15,12645,12646],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12647,12648,12651,12653,12656,12658,12660],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12649,12650],{"class":45},"new_dict ",[39,12652,50],{"class":49},[39,12654,12655],{"class":45}," old_dict",[39,12657,94],{"class":53},[39,12659,12523],{"class":97},[39,12661,8257],{"class":53},[20,12663,12664],{},"Key points:",[147,12666,12667,12671,12674],{},[150,12668,12669,11078],{},[15,12670,12388],{},[150,12672,12673],{},"It returns the copied dictionary",[150,12675,12676],{},"You should store the result in a variable if you want to use the new dictionary",[20,12678,515],{},[30,12680,12682],{"className":32,"code":12681,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"a\": \"red\", \"b\": \"blue\"}\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,12683,12684,12724,12740,12744],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12685,12686,12688,12690,12692,12694,12696,12698,12700,12702,12704,12706,12708,12710,12712,12714,12716,12718,12720,12722],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12687,236],{"class":45},[39,12689,50],{"class":49},[39,12691,10103],{"class":53},[39,12693,244],{"class":243},[39,12695,173],{"class":247},[39,12697,244],{"class":243},[39,12699,145],{"class":53},[39,12701,255],{"class":243},[39,12703,248],{"class":247},[39,12705,244],{"class":243},[39,12707,61],{"class":53},[39,12709,255],{"class":243},[39,12711,1070],{"class":247},[39,12713,244],{"class":243},[39,12715,145],{"class":53},[39,12717,255],{"class":243},[39,12719,258],{"class":247},[39,12721,244],{"class":243},[39,12723,8921],{"class":53},[39,12725,12726,12729,12731,12734,12736,12738],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,12727,12728],{"class":45},"new_colors ",[39,12730,50],{"class":49},[39,12732,12733],{"class":45}," colors",[39,12735,94],{"class":53},[39,12737,12523],{"class":97},[39,12739,8257],{"class":53},[39,12741,12742],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,12743,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,12745,12746,12748,12750,12753],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,12747,113],{"class":112},[39,12749,101],{"class":53},[39,12751,12752],{"class":97},"new_colors",[39,12754,80],{"class":53},[20,12756,12757],{},[3367,12758,458],{},[30,12760,12762],{"className":32,"code":12761,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 'red', 'b': 'blue'}\n",[15,12763,12764],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12765,12766,12768,12770,12772,12774,12776,12778,12780,12782,12784,12786,12788,12790,12792,12794,12796,12798],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12767,8890],{"class":53},[39,12769,629],{"class":243},[39,12771,173],{"class":247},[39,12773,629],{"class":243},[39,12775,145],{"class":53},[39,12777,2920],{"class":243},[39,12779,248],{"class":247},[39,12781,629],{"class":243},[39,12783,61],{"class":53},[39,12785,2920],{"class":243},[39,12787,1070],{"class":247},[39,12789,629],{"class":243},[39,12791,145],{"class":53},[39,12793,2920],{"class":243},[39,12795,258],{"class":247},[39,12797,629],{"class":243},[39,12799,8921],{"class":53},[134,12801,355],{"id":354},[20,12803,12804],{},"Here is a basic example with simple values:",[30,12806,12808],{"className":32,"code":12807,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\nperson_copy = person.copy()\n\nperson_copy[\"age\"] = 26\n\nprint(\"Original:\", person)\nprint(\"Copy:\", person_copy)\n",[15,12809,12810,12848,12864,12868,12890,12894,12913],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12811,12812,12815,12817,12819,12821,12823,12825,12827,12829,12832,12834,12836,12838,12840,12842,12844,12846],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12813,12814],{"class":45},"person ",[39,12816,50],{"class":49},[39,12818,10103],{"class":53},[39,12820,244],{"class":243},[39,12822,7285],{"class":247},[39,12824,244],{"class":243},[39,12826,145],{"class":53},[39,12828,255],{"class":243},[39,12830,12831],{"class":247},"Liam",[39,12833,244],{"class":243},[39,12835,61],{"class":53},[39,12837,255],{"class":243},[39,12839,8911],{"class":247},[39,12841,244],{"class":243},[39,12843,145],{"class":53},[39,12845,8918],{"class":57},[39,12847,8921],{"class":53},[39,12849,12850,12853,12855,12858,12860,12862],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,12851,12852],{"class":45},"person_copy ",[39,12854,50],{"class":49},[39,12856,12857],{"class":45}," person",[39,12859,94],{"class":53},[39,12861,12523],{"class":97},[39,12863,8257],{"class":53},[39,12865,12866],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,12867,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,12869,12870,12873,12875,12877,12879,12881,12884,12887],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,12871,12872],{"class":45},"person_copy",[39,12874,3525],{"class":53},[39,12876,244],{"class":243},[39,12878,8911],{"class":247},[39,12880,244],{"class":243},[39,12882,12883],{"class":53},"]",[39,12885,12886],{"class":49}," =",[39,12888,12889],{"class":57}," 26\n",[39,12891,12892],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,12893,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,12895,12896,12898,12900,12902,12905,12907,12909,12911],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,12897,113],{"class":112},[39,12899,101],{"class":53},[39,12901,244],{"class":243},[39,12903,12904],{"class":247},"Original:",[39,12906,244],{"class":243},[39,12908,61],{"class":53},[39,12910,12857],{"class":97},[39,12912,80],{"class":53},[39,12914,12915,12917,12919,12921,12924,12926,12928,12931],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,12916,113],{"class":112},[39,12918,101],{"class":53},[39,12920,244],{"class":243},[39,12922,12923],{"class":247},"Copy:",[39,12925,244],{"class":243},[39,12927,61],{"class":53},[39,12929,12930],{"class":97}," person_copy",[39,12932,80],{"class":53},[20,12934,12935],{},[3367,12936,458],{},[30,12938,12940],{"className":32,"code":12939,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 25}\nCopy: {'name': 'Liam', 'age': 26}\n",[15,12941,12942,12979],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,12943,12944,12947,12949,12951,12953,12955,12957,12959,12961,12963,12965,12967,12969,12971,12973,12975,12977],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,12945,12946],{"class":45},"Original",[39,12948,145],{"class":53},[39,12950,10103],{"class":53},[39,12952,629],{"class":243},[39,12954,7285],{"class":247},[39,12956,629],{"class":243},[39,12958,145],{"class":53},[39,12960,2920],{"class":243},[39,12962,12831],{"class":247},[39,12964,629],{"class":243},[39,12966,61],{"class":53},[39,12968,2920],{"class":243},[39,12970,8911],{"class":247},[39,12972,629],{"class":243},[39,12974,145],{"class":53},[39,12976,8918],{"class":57},[39,12978,8921],{"class":53},[39,12980,12981,12984,12986,12988,12990,12992,12994,12996,12998,13000,13002,13004,13006,13008,13010,13012,13015],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,12982,12983],{"class":45},"Copy",[39,12985,145],{"class":53},[39,12987,10103],{"class":53},[39,12989,629],{"class":243},[39,12991,7285],{"class":247},[39,12993,629],{"class":243},[39,12995,145],{"class":53},[39,12997,2920],{"class":243},[39,12999,12831],{"class":247},[39,13001,629],{"class":243},[39,13003,61],{"class":53},[39,13005,2920],{"class":243},[39,13007,8911],{"class":247},[39,13009,629],{"class":243},[39,13011,145],{"class":53},[39,13013,13014],{"class":57}," 26",[39,13016,8921],{"class":53},[20,13018,13019],{},"What happened here:",[147,13021,13022,13028,13035],{},[150,13023,13024,13027],{},[15,13025,13026],{},"person.copy()"," created a new dictionary",[150,13029,13030,13031,13034],{},"Changing ",[15,13032,13033],{},"person_copy[\"age\"]"," changed only the copied dictionary",[150,13036,13037],{},"The original dictionary stayed the same",[20,13039,13040],{},"This works as beginners usually expect when the dictionary contains simple values like strings, numbers, or booleans.",[134,13042,13044],{"id":13043},"shallow-copy-explained","Shallow copy explained",[20,13046,13047,12459,13049,94],{},[15,13048,12388],{},[3367,13050,12462],{},[20,13052,1731],{},[147,13054,13055,13058,13061],{},[150,13056,13057],{},"The top-level dictionary is new",[150,13059,13060],{},"But nested mutable values are still shared",[150,13062,13063],{},"This includes values like lists and dictionaries inside the dictionary",[20,13065,515],{},[30,13067,13069],{"className":32,"code":13068,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"grades\": [90, 85]\n}\n\nstudent_copy = student.copy()\n\nstudent_copy[\"grades\"].append(100)\n\nprint(\"Original:\", student)\nprint(\"Copy:\", student_copy)\nprint(student is student_copy)\nprint(student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"])\n",[15,13070,13071,13079,13097,13120,13124,13128,13142,13146,13171,13175,13193,13212,13227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13072,13073,13075,13077],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13074,12475],{"class":45},[39,13076,50],{"class":49},[39,13078,11104],{"class":53},[39,13080,13081,13083,13085,13087,13089,13091,13093,13095],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,13082,11109],{"class":243},[39,13084,7285],{"class":247},[39,13086,244],{"class":243},[39,13088,145],{"class":53},[39,13090,255],{"class":243},[39,13092,12492],{"class":247},[39,13094,244],{"class":243},[39,13096,11125],{"class":53},[39,13098,13099,13101,13104,13106,13108,13110,13113,13115,13118],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,13100,11109],{"class":243},[39,13102,13103],{"class":247},"grades",[39,13105,244],{"class":243},[39,13107,145],{"class":53},[39,13109,3249],{"class":53},[39,13111,13112],{"class":57},"90",[39,13114,61],{"class":53},[39,13116,13117],{"class":57}," 85",[39,13119,3262],{"class":53},[39,13121,13122],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,13123,8921],{"class":53},[39,13125,13126],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,13127,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13129,13130,13132,13134,13136,13138,13140],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,13131,12513],{"class":45},[39,13133,50],{"class":49},[39,13135,12518],{"class":45},[39,13137,94],{"class":53},[39,13139,12523],{"class":97},[39,13141,8257],{"class":53},[39,13143,13144],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,13145,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13147,13148,13150,13152,13154,13156,13158,13161,13164,13166,13169],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,13149,12538],{"class":45},[39,13151,3525],{"class":53},[39,13153,244],{"class":243},[39,13155,13103],{"class":247},[39,13157,244],{"class":243},[39,13159,13160],{"class":53},"].",[39,13162,13163],{"class":97},"append",[39,13165,101],{"class":53},[39,13167,13168],{"class":57},"100",[39,13170,80],{"class":53},[39,13172,13173],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,13174,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13176,13177,13179,13181,13183,13185,13187,13189,13191],{"class":41,"line":6052},[39,13178,113],{"class":112},[39,13180,101],{"class":53},[39,13182,244],{"class":243},[39,13184,12904],{"class":247},[39,13186,244],{"class":243},[39,13188,61],{"class":53},[39,13190,12518],{"class":97},[39,13192,80],{"class":53},[39,13194,13195,13197,13199,13201,13203,13205,13207,13210],{"class":41,"line":11206},[39,13196,113],{"class":112},[39,13198,101],{"class":53},[39,13200,244],{"class":243},[39,13202,12923],{"class":247},[39,13204,244],{"class":243},[39,13206,61],{"class":53},[39,13208,13209],{"class":97}," student_copy",[39,13211,80],{"class":53},[39,13213,13215,13217,13219,13221,13223,13225],{"class":41,"line":13214},12,[39,13216,113],{"class":112},[39,13218,101],{"class":53},[39,13220,12475],{"class":97},[39,13222,11805],{"class":572},[39,13224,13209],{"class":97},[39,13226,80],{"class":53},[39,13228,13230,13232,13234,13237,13239,13241,13243,13245,13247,13249,13251,13253,13255,13257,13259],{"class":41,"line":13229},13,[39,13231,113],{"class":112},[39,13233,101],{"class":53},[39,13235,13236],{"class":97},"student",[39,13238,3525],{"class":53},[39,13240,244],{"class":243},[39,13242,13103],{"class":247},[39,13244,244],{"class":243},[39,13246,12883],{"class":53},[39,13248,763],{"class":572},[39,13250,13209],{"class":97},[39,13252,3525],{"class":53},[39,13254,244],{"class":243},[39,13256,13103],{"class":247},[39,13258,244],{"class":243},[39,13260,3513],{"class":53},[20,13262,13263],{},[3367,13264,458],{},[30,13266,13268],{"className":32,"code":13267,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nCopy: {'name': 'Ana', 'grades': [90, 85, 100]}\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,13269,13270,13317,13363,13367],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13271,13272,13274,13276,13278,13280,13282,13284,13286,13288,13290,13292,13294,13296,13298,13300,13302,13304,13306,13308,13310,13312,13314],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13273,12946],{"class":45},[39,13275,145],{"class":53},[39,13277,10103],{"class":53},[39,13279,629],{"class":243},[39,13281,7285],{"class":247},[39,13283,629],{"class":243},[39,13285,145],{"class":53},[39,13287,2920],{"class":243},[39,13289,12492],{"class":247},[39,13291,629],{"class":243},[39,13293,61],{"class":53},[39,13295,2920],{"class":243},[39,13297,13103],{"class":247},[39,13299,629],{"class":243},[39,13301,145],{"class":53},[39,13303,3249],{"class":53},[39,13305,13112],{"class":57},[39,13307,61],{"class":53},[39,13309,13117],{"class":57},[39,13311,61],{"class":53},[39,13313,9730],{"class":57},[39,13315,13316],{"class":53},"]}\n",[39,13318,13319,13321,13323,13325,13327,13329,13331,13333,13335,13337,13339,13341,13343,13345,13347,13349,13351,13353,13355,13357,13359,13361],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,13320,12983],{"class":45},[39,13322,145],{"class":53},[39,13324,10103],{"class":53},[39,13326,629],{"class":243},[39,13328,7285],{"class":247},[39,13330,629],{"class":243},[39,13332,145],{"class":53},[39,13334,2920],{"class":243},[39,13336,12492],{"class":247},[39,13338,629],{"class":243},[39,13340,61],{"class":53},[39,13342,2920],{"class":243},[39,13344,13103],{"class":247},[39,13346,629],{"class":243},[39,13348,145],{"class":53},[39,13350,3249],{"class":53},[39,13352,13112],{"class":57},[39,13354,61],{"class":53},[39,13356,13117],{"class":57},[39,13358,61],{"class":53},[39,13360,9730],{"class":57},[39,13362,13316],{"class":53},[39,13364,13365],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,13366,3666],{"class":3477},[39,13368,13369],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,13370,3605],{"class":3477},[20,13372,13373],{},"Notice the difference:",[147,13375,13376,13384],{},[150,13377,13378,936,13381,13383],{},[15,13379,13380],{},"student is student_copy",[15,13382,1038],{},", so they are different dictionaries",[150,13385,13386,936,13389,13391],{},[15,13387,13388],{},"student[\"grades\"] is student_copy[\"grades\"]",[15,13390,939],{},", so both dictionaries share the same list",[20,13393,13394],{},"Because of that, changing the nested list in the copy also changed the original.",[20,13396,13397,13398,94],{},"If you want to understand this in more detail, see ",[173,13399,13401],{"href":13400},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","Python shallow copy vs deep copy explained",[134,13403,4584,13405],{"id":13404},"when-to-use-copy",[15,13406,12388],{},[20,13408,128,13409,10214],{},[15,13410,12388],{},[147,13412,13413,13416,13419,13422],{},[150,13414,13415],{},"You want to edit a dictionary without changing the original",[150,13417,13418],{},"You need a backup before making updates",[150,13420,13421],{},"You pass a dictionary to code that may modify it",[150,13423,13424],{},"Your dictionary contains only simple values, so a shallow copy is enough",[20,13426,515],{},[30,13428,13430],{"className":32,"code":13429,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\", \"font_size\": 14}\nsettings_backup = settings.copy()\n\nsettings[\"font_size\"] = 16\n\nprint(\"Current:\", settings)\nprint(\"Backup:\", settings_backup)\n",[15,13431,13432,13471,13487,13491,13511,13515,13534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13433,13434,13437,13439,13441,13443,13445,13447,13449,13451,13453,13455,13457,13459,13462,13464,13466,13469],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13435,13436],{"class":45},"settings ",[39,13438,50],{"class":49},[39,13440,10103],{"class":53},[39,13442,244],{"class":243},[39,13444,12106],{"class":247},[39,13446,244],{"class":243},[39,13448,145],{"class":53},[39,13450,255],{"class":243},[39,13452,12115],{"class":247},[39,13454,244],{"class":243},[39,13456,61],{"class":53},[39,13458,255],{"class":243},[39,13460,13461],{"class":247},"font_size",[39,13463,244],{"class":243},[39,13465,145],{"class":53},[39,13467,13468],{"class":57}," 14",[39,13470,8921],{"class":53},[39,13472,13473,13476,13478,13481,13483,13485],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,13474,13475],{"class":45},"settings_backup ",[39,13477,50],{"class":49},[39,13479,13480],{"class":45}," settings",[39,13482,94],{"class":53},[39,13484,12523],{"class":97},[39,13486,8257],{"class":53},[39,13488,13489],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,13490,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13492,13493,13496,13498,13500,13502,13504,13506,13508],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,13494,13495],{"class":45},"settings",[39,13497,3525],{"class":53},[39,13499,244],{"class":243},[39,13501,13461],{"class":247},[39,13503,244],{"class":243},[39,13505,12883],{"class":53},[39,13507,12886],{"class":49},[39,13509,13510],{"class":57}," 16\n",[39,13512,13513],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,13514,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13516,13517,13519,13521,13523,13526,13528,13530,13532],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,13518,113],{"class":112},[39,13520,101],{"class":53},[39,13522,244],{"class":243},[39,13524,13525],{"class":247},"Current:",[39,13527,244],{"class":243},[39,13529,61],{"class":53},[39,13531,13480],{"class":97},[39,13533,80],{"class":53},[39,13535,13536,13538,13540,13542,13545,13547,13549,13552],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,13537,113],{"class":112},[39,13539,101],{"class":53},[39,13541,244],{"class":243},[39,13543,13544],{"class":247},"Backup:",[39,13546,244],{"class":243},[39,13548,61],{"class":53},[39,13550,13551],{"class":97}," settings_backup",[39,13553,80],{"class":53},[20,13555,13556],{},[3367,13557,458],{},[30,13559,13561],{"className":32,"code":13560,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Current: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 16}\nBackup: {'theme': 'dark', 'font_size': 14}\n",[15,13562,13563,13601],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13564,13565,13568,13570,13572,13574,13576,13578,13580,13582,13584,13586,13588,13590,13592,13594,13596,13599],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13566,13567],{"class":45},"Current",[39,13569,145],{"class":53},[39,13571,10103],{"class":53},[39,13573,629],{"class":243},[39,13575,12106],{"class":247},[39,13577,629],{"class":243},[39,13579,145],{"class":53},[39,13581,2920],{"class":243},[39,13583,12115],{"class":247},[39,13585,629],{"class":243},[39,13587,61],{"class":53},[39,13589,2920],{"class":243},[39,13591,13461],{"class":247},[39,13593,629],{"class":243},[39,13595,145],{"class":53},[39,13597,13598],{"class":57}," 16",[39,13600,8921],{"class":53},[39,13602,13603,13606,13608,13610,13612,13614,13616,13618,13620,13622,13624,13626,13628,13630,13632,13634,13636],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,13604,13605],{"class":45},"Backup",[39,13607,145],{"class":53},[39,13609,10103],{"class":53},[39,13611,629],{"class":243},[39,13613,12106],{"class":247},[39,13615,629],{"class":243},[39,13617,145],{"class":53},[39,13619,2920],{"class":243},[39,13621,12115],{"class":247},[39,13623,629],{"class":243},[39,13625,61],{"class":53},[39,13627,2920],{"class":243},[39,13629,13461],{"class":247},[39,13631,629],{"class":243},[39,13633,145],{"class":53},[39,13635,13468],{"class":57},[39,13637,8921],{"class":53},[20,13639,13640,13641,177,13647,94],{},"This is a common pattern before using methods that change a dictionary, such as ",[173,13642,13644],{"href":13643},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method",[15,13645,13646],{},"dict.update()",[173,13648,13649],{"href":12435},[15,13650,10940],{},[134,13652,13654,13656],{"id":13653},"copy-vs-assignment",[15,13655,12388],{}," vs assignment",[20,13658,13659],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes.",[20,13661,948,13662,13664,13665,13667],{},[15,13663,50],{}," does ",[3367,13666,4254],{}," make a new dictionary. It only creates another variable that refers to the same object.",[223,13669,13671],{"id":13670},"using-assignment","Using assignment",[30,13673,13675],{"className":32,"code":13674,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\nassigned = original\n\nassigned[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Assigned:\", assigned)\nprint(original is assigned)\n",[15,13676,13677,13709,13718,13722,13742,13746,13764,13784],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13678,13679,13681,13683,13685,13687,13689,13691,13693,13695,13697,13699,13701,13703,13705,13707],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13680,11697],{"class":45},[39,13682,50],{"class":49},[39,13684,10103],{"class":53},[39,13686,244],{"class":243},[39,13688,1798],{"class":247},[39,13690,244],{"class":243},[39,13692,145],{"class":53},[39,13694,595],{"class":57},[39,13696,61],{"class":53},[39,13698,255],{"class":243},[39,13700,11357],{"class":247},[39,13702,244],{"class":243},[39,13704,145],{"class":53},[39,13706,64],{"class":57},[39,13708,8921],{"class":53},[39,13710,13711,13714,13716],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,13712,13713],{"class":45},"assigned ",[39,13715,50],{"class":49},[39,13717,11735],{"class":45},[39,13719,13720],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,13721,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13723,13724,13727,13729,13731,13733,13735,13737,13739],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,13725,13726],{"class":45},"assigned",[39,13728,3525],{"class":53},[39,13730,244],{"class":243},[39,13732,1798],{"class":247},[39,13734,244],{"class":243},[39,13736,12883],{"class":53},[39,13738,12886],{"class":49},[39,13740,13741],{"class":57}," 99\n",[39,13743,13744],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,13745,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13747,13748,13750,13752,13754,13756,13758,13760,13762],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,13749,113],{"class":112},[39,13751,101],{"class":53},[39,13753,244],{"class":243},[39,13755,12904],{"class":247},[39,13757,244],{"class":243},[39,13759,61],{"class":53},[39,13761,11772],{"class":97},[39,13763,80],{"class":53},[39,13765,13766,13768,13770,13772,13775,13777,13779,13782],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,13767,113],{"class":112},[39,13769,101],{"class":53},[39,13771,244],{"class":243},[39,13773,13774],{"class":247},"Assigned:",[39,13776,244],{"class":243},[39,13778,61],{"class":53},[39,13780,13781],{"class":97}," assigned",[39,13783,80],{"class":53},[39,13785,13786,13788,13790,13792,13794,13796],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,13787,113],{"class":112},[39,13789,101],{"class":53},[39,13791,11697],{"class":97},[39,13793,11805],{"class":572},[39,13795,13781],{"class":97},[39,13797,80],{"class":53},[20,13799,13800],{},[3367,13801,458],{},[30,13803,13805],{"className":32,"code":13804,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nAssigned: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nTrue\n",[15,13806,13807,13839,13872],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13808,13809,13811,13813,13815,13817,13819,13821,13823,13825,13827,13829,13831,13833,13835,13837],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13810,12946],{"class":45},[39,13812,145],{"class":53},[39,13814,10103],{"class":53},[39,13816,629],{"class":243},[39,13818,1798],{"class":247},[39,13820,629],{"class":243},[39,13822,145],{"class":53},[39,13824,9809],{"class":57},[39,13826,61],{"class":53},[39,13828,2920],{"class":243},[39,13830,11357],{"class":247},[39,13832,629],{"class":243},[39,13834,145],{"class":53},[39,13836,64],{"class":57},[39,13838,8921],{"class":53},[39,13840,13841,13844,13846,13848,13850,13852,13854,13856,13858,13860,13862,13864,13866,13868,13870],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,13842,13843],{"class":45},"Assigned",[39,13845,145],{"class":53},[39,13847,10103],{"class":53},[39,13849,629],{"class":243},[39,13851,1798],{"class":247},[39,13853,629],{"class":243},[39,13855,145],{"class":53},[39,13857,9809],{"class":57},[39,13859,61],{"class":53},[39,13861,2920],{"class":243},[39,13863,11357],{"class":247},[39,13865,629],{"class":243},[39,13867,145],{"class":53},[39,13869,64],{"class":57},[39,13871,8921],{"class":53},[39,13873,13874],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,13875,3605],{"class":3477},[223,13877,948,13879],{"id":13878},"using-copy",[15,13880,12388],{},[30,13882,13884],{"className":32,"code":13883,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[\"x\"] = 99\n\nprint(\"Original:\", original)\nprint(\"Copied:\", copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,13885,13886,13918,13933,13937,13956,13960,13978,13998],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,13887,13888,13890,13892,13894,13896,13898,13900,13902,13904,13906,13908,13910,13912,13914,13916],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,13889,11697],{"class":45},[39,13891,50],{"class":49},[39,13893,10103],{"class":53},[39,13895,244],{"class":243},[39,13897,1798],{"class":247},[39,13899,244],{"class":243},[39,13901,145],{"class":53},[39,13903,595],{"class":57},[39,13905,61],{"class":53},[39,13907,255],{"class":243},[39,13909,11357],{"class":247},[39,13911,244],{"class":243},[39,13913,145],{"class":53},[39,13915,64],{"class":57},[39,13917,8921],{"class":53},[39,13919,13920,13923,13925,13927,13929,13931],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,13921,13922],{"class":45},"copied ",[39,13924,50],{"class":49},[39,13926,11772],{"class":45},[39,13928,94],{"class":53},[39,13930,12523],{"class":97},[39,13932,8257],{"class":53},[39,13934,13935],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,13936,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13938,13939,13942,13944,13946,13948,13950,13952,13954],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,13940,13941],{"class":45},"copied",[39,13943,3525],{"class":53},[39,13945,244],{"class":243},[39,13947,1798],{"class":247},[39,13949,244],{"class":243},[39,13951,12883],{"class":53},[39,13953,12886],{"class":49},[39,13955,13741],{"class":57},[39,13957,13958],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,13959,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,13961,13962,13964,13966,13968,13970,13972,13974,13976],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,13963,113],{"class":112},[39,13965,101],{"class":53},[39,13967,244],{"class":243},[39,13969,12904],{"class":247},[39,13971,244],{"class":243},[39,13973,61],{"class":53},[39,13975,11772],{"class":97},[39,13977,80],{"class":53},[39,13979,13980,13982,13984,13986,13989,13991,13993,13996],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,13981,113],{"class":112},[39,13983,101],{"class":53},[39,13985,244],{"class":243},[39,13987,13988],{"class":247},"Copied:",[39,13990,244],{"class":243},[39,13992,61],{"class":53},[39,13994,13995],{"class":97}," copied",[39,13997,80],{"class":53},[39,13999,14000,14002,14004,14006,14008,14010],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,14001,113],{"class":112},[39,14003,101],{"class":53},[39,14005,11697],{"class":97},[39,14007,11805],{"class":572},[39,14009,13995],{"class":97},[39,14011,80],{"class":53},[20,14013,14014],{},[3367,14015,458],{},[30,14017,14019],{"className":32,"code":14018,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'x': 1, 'y': 2}\nCopied: {'x': 99, 'y': 2}\nFalse\n",[15,14020,14021,14053,14086],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14022,14023,14025,14027,14029,14031,14033,14035,14037,14039,14041,14043,14045,14047,14049,14051],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14024,12946],{"class":45},[39,14026,145],{"class":53},[39,14028,10103],{"class":53},[39,14030,629],{"class":243},[39,14032,1798],{"class":247},[39,14034,629],{"class":243},[39,14036,145],{"class":53},[39,14038,595],{"class":57},[39,14040,61],{"class":53},[39,14042,2920],{"class":243},[39,14044,11357],{"class":247},[39,14046,629],{"class":243},[39,14048,145],{"class":53},[39,14050,64],{"class":57},[39,14052,8921],{"class":53},[39,14054,14055,14058,14060,14062,14064,14066,14068,14070,14072,14074,14076,14078,14080,14082,14084],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,14056,14057],{"class":45},"Copied",[39,14059,145],{"class":53},[39,14061,10103],{"class":53},[39,14063,629],{"class":243},[39,14065,1798],{"class":247},[39,14067,629],{"class":243},[39,14069,145],{"class":53},[39,14071,9809],{"class":57},[39,14073,61],{"class":53},[39,14075,2920],{"class":243},[39,14077,11357],{"class":247},[39,14079,629],{"class":243},[39,14081,145],{"class":53},[39,14083,64],{"class":57},[39,14085,8921],{"class":53},[39,14087,14088],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,14089,3666],{"class":3477},[20,14091,14092],{},"Summary:",[147,14094,14095,14101],{},[150,14096,14097,14100],{},[15,14098,14099],{},"assigned = original"," → same dictionary",[150,14102,14103,14106],{},[15,14104,14105],{},"copied = original.copy()"," → new dictionary",[134,14108,14110],{"id":14109},"return-value-and-method-behavior","Return value and method behavior",[20,14112,14113,145],{},[15,14114,12388],{},[147,14116,14117,14120,14123,14126],{},[150,14118,14119],{},"Returns a dictionary",[150,14121,14122],{},"Does not modify the original dictionary",[150,14124,14125],{},"Copies the contents as they are at the time of copying",[150,14127,14128],{},"Keeps later top-level changes separate between the two dictionaries",[20,14130,515],{},[30,14132,14134],{"className":32,"code":14133,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\ndata_copy = data.copy()\n\ndata[\"a\"] = 10\ndata_copy[\"b\"] = 20\n\nprint(\"Original:\", data)\nprint(\"Copy:\", data_copy)\n",[15,14135,14136,14168,14184,14188,14206,14226,14230,14248],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14137,14138,14140,14142,14144,14146,14148,14150,14152,14154,14156,14158,14160,14162,14164,14166],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14139,8778],{"class":45},[39,14141,50],{"class":49},[39,14143,10103],{"class":53},[39,14145,244],{"class":243},[39,14147,173],{"class":247},[39,14149,244],{"class":243},[39,14151,145],{"class":53},[39,14153,595],{"class":57},[39,14155,61],{"class":53},[39,14157,255],{"class":243},[39,14159,1070],{"class":247},[39,14161,244],{"class":243},[39,14163,145],{"class":53},[39,14165,64],{"class":57},[39,14167,8921],{"class":53},[39,14169,14170,14173,14175,14178,14180,14182],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,14171,14172],{"class":45},"data_copy ",[39,14174,50],{"class":49},[39,14176,14177],{"class":45}," data",[39,14179,94],{"class":53},[39,14181,12523],{"class":97},[39,14183,8257],{"class":53},[39,14185,14186],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,14187,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,14189,14190,14192,14194,14196,14198,14200,14202,14204],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,14191,8817],{"class":45},[39,14193,3525],{"class":53},[39,14195,244],{"class":243},[39,14197,173],{"class":247},[39,14199,244],{"class":243},[39,14201,12883],{"class":53},[39,14203,12886],{"class":49},[39,14205,2209],{"class":57},[39,14207,14208,14211,14213,14215,14217,14219,14221,14223],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,14209,14210],{"class":45},"data_copy",[39,14212,3525],{"class":53},[39,14214,244],{"class":243},[39,14216,1070],{"class":247},[39,14218,244],{"class":243},[39,14220,12883],{"class":53},[39,14222,12886],{"class":49},[39,14224,14225],{"class":57}," 20\n",[39,14227,14228],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,14229,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,14231,14232,14234,14236,14238,14240,14242,14244,14246],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,14233,113],{"class":112},[39,14235,101],{"class":53},[39,14237,244],{"class":243},[39,14239,12904],{"class":247},[39,14241,244],{"class":243},[39,14243,61],{"class":53},[39,14245,14177],{"class":97},[39,14247,80],{"class":53},[39,14249,14250,14252,14254,14256,14258,14260,14262,14265],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,14251,113],{"class":112},[39,14253,101],{"class":53},[39,14255,244],{"class":243},[39,14257,12923],{"class":247},[39,14259,244],{"class":243},[39,14261,61],{"class":53},[39,14263,14264],{"class":97}," data_copy",[39,14266,80],{"class":53},[20,14268,14269],{},[3367,14270,458],{},[30,14272,14274],{"className":32,"code":14273,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Original: {'a': 10, 'b': 2}\nCopy: {'a': 1, 'b': 20}\n",[15,14275,14276,14308],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14277,14278,14280,14282,14284,14286,14288,14290,14292,14294,14296,14298,14300,14302,14304,14306],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14279,12946],{"class":45},[39,14281,145],{"class":53},[39,14283,10103],{"class":53},[39,14285,629],{"class":243},[39,14287,173],{"class":247},[39,14289,629],{"class":243},[39,14291,145],{"class":53},[39,14293,692],{"class":57},[39,14295,61],{"class":53},[39,14297,2920],{"class":243},[39,14299,1070],{"class":247},[39,14301,629],{"class":243},[39,14303,145],{"class":53},[39,14305,64],{"class":57},[39,14307,8921],{"class":53},[39,14309,14310,14312,14314,14316,14318,14320,14322,14324,14326,14328,14330,14332,14334,14336,14338],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,14311,12983],{"class":45},[39,14313,145],{"class":53},[39,14315,10103],{"class":53},[39,14317,629],{"class":243},[39,14319,173],{"class":247},[39,14321,629],{"class":243},[39,14323,145],{"class":53},[39,14325,595],{"class":57},[39,14327,61],{"class":53},[39,14329,2920],{"class":243},[39,14331,1070],{"class":247},[39,14333,629],{"class":243},[39,14335,145],{"class":53},[39,14337,687],{"class":57},[39,14339,8921],{"class":53},[134,14341,944],{"id":943},[20,14343,14344,14345,145],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into with ",[15,14346,12046],{},[147,14348,14349,14356,14361,14366],{},[150,14350,948,14351,10705,14353,14355],{},[15,14352,50],{},[15,14354,12388],{}," and expecting an independent dictionary",[150,14357,4202,14358,14360],{},[15,14359,12388],{}," also duplicates nested lists and nested dictionaries",[150,14362,14363,14364],{},"Forgetting to save the return value of ",[15,14365,12388],{},[150,14367,14368],{},"Changing a nested value in the copied dictionary and being surprised that the original also changes",[20,14370,14371],{},"These print statements can help you debug:",[30,14373,14375],{"className":32,"code":14374,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[\"key\"]))\nprint(id(copied[\"key\"]))\n",[15,14376,14377,14387,14397,14411,14434,14457],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14378,14379,14381,14383,14385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14380,113],{"class":112},[39,14382,101],{"class":53},[39,14384,11744],{"class":97},[39,14386,80],{"class":53},[39,14388,14389,14391,14393,14395],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,14390,113],{"class":112},[39,14392,101],{"class":53},[39,14394,13941],{"class":97},[39,14396,80],{"class":53},[39,14398,14399,14401,14403,14405,14407,14409],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,14400,113],{"class":112},[39,14402,101],{"class":53},[39,14404,11697],{"class":97},[39,14406,11805],{"class":572},[39,14408,13995],{"class":97},[39,14410,80],{"class":53},[39,14412,14413,14415,14417,14419,14421,14423,14425,14428,14430,14432],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,14414,113],{"class":112},[39,14416,101],{"class":53},[39,14418,12261],{"class":112},[39,14420,101],{"class":53},[39,14422,11744],{"class":97},[39,14424,8846],{"class":53},[39,14426,14427],{"class":112}," id",[39,14429,101],{"class":53},[39,14431,13941],{"class":97},[39,14433,1026],{"class":53},[39,14435,14436,14438,14440,14442,14444,14446,14448,14450,14453,14455],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,14437,113],{"class":112},[39,14439,101],{"class":53},[39,14441,12261],{"class":112},[39,14443,101],{"class":53},[39,14445,11744],{"class":97},[39,14447,3525],{"class":53},[39,14449,244],{"class":243},[39,14451,14452],{"class":247},"key",[39,14454,244],{"class":243},[39,14456,2621],{"class":53},[39,14458,14459,14461,14463,14465,14467,14469,14471,14473,14475,14477],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,14460,113],{"class":112},[39,14462,101],{"class":53},[39,14464,12261],{"class":112},[39,14466,101],{"class":53},[39,14468,13941],{"class":97},[39,14470,3525],{"class":53},[39,14472,244],{"class":243},[39,14474,14452],{"class":247},[39,14476,244],{"class":243},[39,14478,2621],{"class":53},[20,14480,14481],{},"What these help you check:",[147,14483,14484,14487,14490],{},[150,14485,14486],{},"Whether the dictionaries have the same contents",[150,14488,14489],{},"Whether the two variables point to the same dictionary",[150,14491,14492],{},"Whether a nested value is shared between both dictionaries",[20,14494,14495,14496,94],{},"If you need to copy nested data structures too, you may need a deep copy. A related example is ",[173,14497,14499],{"href":14498},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python","how to copy a list in Python",[134,14501,1454],{"id":1453},[223,14503,1468,14505,14507],{"id":14504},"does-dictcopy-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,14506,12046],{}," change the original dictionary?",[20,14509,14510],{},"No. It returns a new dictionary and leaves the original unchanged.",[223,14512,14514,14515,14517],{"id":14513},"is-dictcopy-a-deep-copy","Is ",[15,14516,12046],{}," a deep copy?",[20,14519,14520],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable objects are still shared.",[223,14522,1497,14524,796,14526,929],{"id":14523},"what-is-the-difference-between-copy-and",[15,14525,12388],{},[15,14527,50],{},[20,14529,14530,14532,14533,14535],{},[15,14531,12388],{}," creates a new dictionary object. ",[15,14534,50],{}," makes a new variable name pointing to the same dictionary.",[223,14537,14539],{"id":14538},"when-should-i-use-a-deep-copy-instead","When should I use a deep copy instead?",[20,14541,14542],{},"Use a deep copy when your dictionary contains nested mutable objects and you want fully independent copies.",[134,14544,1514],{"id":1513},[147,14546,14547,14551,14555,14559,14566,14572],{},[150,14548,14549],{},[173,14550,10856],{"href":12638},[150,14552,14553],{},[173,14554,8768],{"href":12635},[150,14556,14557],{},[173,14558,13401],{"href":13400},[150,14560,14561],{},[173,14562,10350,14563,1533],{"href":13643},[15,14564,14565],{},"update()",[150,14567,14568],{},[173,14569,10350,14570,1533],{"href":12435},[15,14571,10935],{},[150,14573,14574],{},[173,14575,14576],{"href":14498},"How to copy a list in Python",[1550,14578,14579],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":14581},[14582,14583,14585,14586,14587,14588,14590,14596,14597,14598,14607],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":12607,"depth":83,"text":14584},"What the copy() method does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":13043,"depth":83,"text":13044},{"id":13404,"depth":83,"text":14589},"When to use copy()",{"id":13653,"depth":83,"text":14591,"children":14592},"copy() vs assignment",[14593,14594],{"id":13670,"depth":109,"text":13671},{"id":13878,"depth":109,"text":14595},"Using copy()",{"id":14109,"depth":83,"text":14110},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":14599},[14600,14602,14604,14606],{"id":14504,"depth":109,"text":14601},"Does dict.copy() change the original dictionary?",{"id":14513,"depth":109,"text":14603},"Is dict.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":14523,"depth":109,"text":14605},"What is the difference between copy() and =?",{"id":14538,"depth":109,"text":14539},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method",{"title":12441,"description":14608},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-copy-method","b4gPFp73mvuYzt0UIHo5udng8ybOHeuBHmfXr7S8Gq0",{"id":14615,"title":14616,"body":14617,"description":16816,"extension":1587,"meta":16817,"navigation":420,"path":12638,"seo":16818,"stem":16819,"__hash__":16820},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary.md","Python Dictionary: Creating a Dictionary",{"type":7,"value":14618,"toc":16778},[14619,14622,14628,14637,14639,14715,14719,14768,14771,14775,14789,14792,14796,14809,14812,14845,14859,14862,14874,14878,14881,14889,14969,14973,15026,15030,15048,15050,15132,15135,15137,15140,15143,15166,15190,15194,15202,15205,15209,15218,15223,15281,15285,15318,15324,15330,15333,15388,15392,15442,15445,15451,15454,15462,15464,15509,15514,15523,15526,15529,15576,15578,15583,15586,15680,15684,15737,15740,15796,15799,15803,15806,15820,15824,15890,15894,15919,15922,15926,16004,16008,16011,16014,16034,16037,16090,16094,16097,16100,16113,16115,16204,16211,16214,16225,16227,16230,16250,16254,16257,16266,16269,16308,16312,16314,16323,16332,16334,16372,16376,16423,16427,16448,16452,16455,16567,16572,16670,16692,16694,16698,16705,16709,16715,16719,16722,16726,16729,16736,16744,16746,16772,16775],[10,14620,14616],{"id":14621},"python-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary",[20,14623,14624,14625,14627],{},"A dictionary in Python stores data as ",[3367,14626,8744],{},". This page shows the main ways to create a dictionary, the basic syntax, and a few common beginner mistakes to avoid.",[20,14629,14630,14631,177,14633,94],{},"If you are new to dictionaries, you may also want to read ",[173,14632,8768],{"href":8767},[173,14634,14636],{"href":14635},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","what is a dictionary in Python",[134,14638,1629],{"id":1628},[30,14640,14642],{"className":32,"code":14641,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"is_active\": True\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14643,14644,14652,14670,14684,14697,14701,14705],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14645,14646,14648,14650],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14647,12475],{"class":45},[39,14649,50],{"class":49},[39,14651,11104],{"class":53},[39,14653,14654,14656,14658,14660,14662,14664,14666,14668],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,14655,11109],{"class":243},[39,14657,7285],{"class":247},[39,14659,244],{"class":243},[39,14661,145],{"class":53},[39,14663,255],{"class":243},[39,14665,12492],{"class":247},[39,14667,244],{"class":243},[39,14669,11125],{"class":53},[39,14671,14672,14674,14676,14678,14680,14682],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,14673,11109],{"class":243},[39,14675,8911],{"class":247},[39,14677,244],{"class":243},[39,14679,145],{"class":53},[39,14681,687],{"class":57},[39,14683,11125],{"class":53},[39,14685,14686,14688,14691,14693,14695],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,14687,11109],{"class":243},[39,14689,14690],{"class":247},"is_active",[39,14692,244],{"class":243},[39,14694,145],{"class":53},[39,14696,6038],{"class":3477},[39,14698,14699],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,14700,8921],{"class":53},[39,14702,14703],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,14704,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,14706,14707,14709,14711,14713],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,14708,113],{"class":112},[39,14710,101],{"class":53},[39,14712,13236],{"class":97},[39,14714,80],{"class":53},[20,14716,14717],{},[3367,14718,458],{},[30,14720,14722],{"className":32,"code":14721,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'is_active': True}\n",[15,14723,14724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14725,14726,14728,14730,14732,14734,14736,14738,14740,14742,14744,14746,14748,14750,14752,14754,14756,14758,14760,14762,14764,14766],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14727,8890],{"class":53},[39,14729,629],{"class":243},[39,14731,7285],{"class":247},[39,14733,629],{"class":243},[39,14735,145],{"class":53},[39,14737,2920],{"class":243},[39,14739,12492],{"class":247},[39,14741,629],{"class":243},[39,14743,61],{"class":53},[39,14745,2920],{"class":243},[39,14747,8911],{"class":247},[39,14749,629],{"class":243},[39,14751,145],{"class":53},[39,14753,687],{"class":57},[39,14755,61],{"class":53},[39,14757,2920],{"class":243},[39,14759,14690],{"class":247},[39,14761,629],{"class":243},[39,14763,145],{"class":53},[39,14765,3541],{"class":3477},[39,14767,8921],{"class":53},[20,14769,14770],{},"Use curly braces with key-value pairs separated by commas. Keys and values are joined with a colon.",[134,14772,14774],{"id":14773},"what-this-page-covers","What this page covers",[147,14776,14777,14780,14783,14786],{},[150,14778,14779],{},"What a dictionary is",[150,14781,14782],{},"The basic syntax for creating one",[150,14784,14785],{},"Common ways to make a dictionary",[150,14787,14788],{},"Beginner mistakes to avoid",[134,14790,14779],{"id":14791},"what-a-dictionary-is",[20,14793,8741,14794,94],{},[3367,14795,8744],{},[147,14797,14798,14804],{},[150,14799,14800,14801,14803],{},"A ",[3367,14802,14452],{}," is the label",[150,14805,14800,14806,14808],{},[3367,14807,155],{}," is the data connected to that label",[20,14810,14811],{},"For example, in this dictionary:",[30,14813,14815],{"className":32,"code":14814,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\"\n}\n",[15,14816,14817,14825,14841],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14818,14819,14821,14823],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14820,12475],{"class":45},[39,14822,50],{"class":49},[39,14824,11104],{"class":53},[39,14826,14827,14829,14831,14833,14835,14837,14839],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,14828,11109],{"class":243},[39,14830,7285],{"class":247},[39,14832,244],{"class":243},[39,14834,145],{"class":53},[39,14836,255],{"class":243},[39,14838,12492],{"class":247},[39,14840,2983],{"class":243},[39,14842,14843],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,14844,8921],{"class":53},[147,14846,14847,14853],{},[150,14848,14849,14852],{},[15,14850,14851],{},"\"name\""," is the key",[150,14854,14855,14858],{},[15,14856,14857],{},"\"Ana\""," is the value",[20,14860,14861],{},"Dictionaries are useful when your data has labels, such as:",[147,14863,14864,14866,14868,14871],{},[150,14865,7285],{},[150,14867,8911],{},[150,14869,14870],{},"email",[150,14872,14873],{},"country",[134,14875,14877],{"id":14876},"create-a-dictionary-with-curly-braces","Create a dictionary with curly braces",[20,14879,14880],{},"This is the most common way to create a dictionary.",[20,14882,128,14883,14885,14886,94],{},[15,14884,3417],{}," and write each item as ",[15,14887,14888],{},"key: value",[30,14890,14892],{"className":32,"code":14891,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"age\": 20,\n    \"course\": \"Python\"\n}\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,14893,14894,14902,14920,14934,14951,14955,14959],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14895,14896,14898,14900],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14897,12475],{"class":45},[39,14899,50],{"class":49},[39,14901,11104],{"class":53},[39,14903,14904,14906,14908,14910,14912,14914,14916,14918],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,14905,11109],{"class":243},[39,14907,7285],{"class":247},[39,14909,244],{"class":243},[39,14911,145],{"class":53},[39,14913,255],{"class":243},[39,14915,12492],{"class":247},[39,14917,244],{"class":243},[39,14919,11125],{"class":53},[39,14921,14922,14924,14926,14928,14930,14932],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,14923,11109],{"class":243},[39,14925,8911],{"class":247},[39,14927,244],{"class":243},[39,14929,145],{"class":53},[39,14931,687],{"class":57},[39,14933,11125],{"class":53},[39,14935,14936,14938,14941,14943,14945,14947,14949],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,14937,11109],{"class":243},[39,14939,14940],{"class":247},"course",[39,14942,244],{"class":243},[39,14944,145],{"class":53},[39,14946,255],{"class":243},[39,14948,6913],{"class":247},[39,14950,2983],{"class":243},[39,14952,14953],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,14954,8921],{"class":53},[39,14956,14957],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,14958,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,14960,14961,14963,14965,14967],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,14962,113],{"class":112},[39,14964,101],{"class":53},[39,14966,13236],{"class":97},[39,14968,80],{"class":53},[20,14970,14971],{},[3367,14972,458],{},[30,14974,14976],{"className":32,"code":14975,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'course': 'Python'}\n",[15,14977,14978],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,14979,14980,14982,14984,14986,14988,14990,14992,14994,14996,14998,15000,15002,15004,15006,15008,15010,15012,15014,15016,15018,15020,15022,15024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,14981,8890],{"class":53},[39,14983,629],{"class":243},[39,14985,7285],{"class":247},[39,14987,629],{"class":243},[39,14989,145],{"class":53},[39,14991,2920],{"class":243},[39,14993,12492],{"class":247},[39,14995,629],{"class":243},[39,14997,61],{"class":53},[39,14999,2920],{"class":243},[39,15001,8911],{"class":247},[39,15003,629],{"class":243},[39,15005,145],{"class":53},[39,15007,687],{"class":57},[39,15009,61],{"class":53},[39,15011,2920],{"class":243},[39,15013,14940],{"class":247},[39,15015,629],{"class":243},[39,15017,145],{"class":53},[39,15019,2920],{"class":243},[39,15021,6913],{"class":247},[39,15023,629],{"class":243},[39,15025,8921],{"class":53},[223,15027,15029],{"id":15028},"syntax-rules","Syntax rules",[147,15031,15032,15037,15042,15045],{},[150,15033,128,15034,15036],{},[15,15035,3417],{}," to start and end the dictionary",[150,15038,15039,15040],{},"Write each item as ",[15,15041,14888],{},[150,15043,15044],{},"Separate items with commas",[150,15046,15047],{},"String keys are usually written in quotes",[20,15049,515],{},[30,15051,15053],{"className":32,"code":15052,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"book = {\n    \"title\": \"Python Basics\",\n    \"pages\": 150,\n    \"available\": True\n}\n\nprint(book)\n",[15,15054,15055,15064,15084,15100,15113,15117,15121],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15056,15057,15060,15062],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15058,15059],{"class":45},"book ",[39,15061,50],{"class":49},[39,15063,11104],{"class":53},[39,15065,15066,15068,15071,15073,15075,15077,15080,15082],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15067,11109],{"class":243},[39,15069,15070],{"class":247},"title",[39,15072,244],{"class":243},[39,15074,145],{"class":53},[39,15076,255],{"class":243},[39,15078,15079],{"class":247},"Python Basics",[39,15081,244],{"class":243},[39,15083,11125],{"class":53},[39,15085,15086,15088,15091,15093,15095,15098],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,15087,11109],{"class":243},[39,15089,15090],{"class":247},"pages",[39,15092,244],{"class":243},[39,15094,145],{"class":53},[39,15096,15097],{"class":57}," 150",[39,15099,11125],{"class":53},[39,15101,15102,15104,15107,15109,15111],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,15103,11109],{"class":243},[39,15105,15106],{"class":247},"available",[39,15108,244],{"class":243},[39,15110,145],{"class":53},[39,15112,6038],{"class":3477},[39,15114,15115],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,15116,8921],{"class":53},[39,15118,15119],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,15120,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,15122,15123,15125,15127,15130],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,15124,113],{"class":112},[39,15126,101],{"class":53},[39,15128,15129],{"class":97},"book",[39,15131,80],{"class":53},[20,15133,15134],{},"This style is best when you already know the keys and values you want to add.",[134,15136,9015],{"id":9014},[20,15138,15139],{},"Sometimes you want to start with an empty dictionary and add items later.",[20,15141,15142],{},"You can create an empty dictionary in two ways:",[30,15144,15146],{"className":32,"code":15145,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\nprint(data)\n",[15,15147,15148,15156],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15149,15150,15152,15154],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15151,8778],{"class":45},[39,15153,50],{"class":49},[39,15155,9451],{"class":53},[39,15157,15158,15160,15162,15164],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15159,113],{"class":112},[39,15161,101],{"class":53},[39,15163,8817],{"class":97},[39,15165,80],{"class":53},[30,15167,15168],{"className":32,"code":9018,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,15169,15170,15180],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15171,15172,15174,15176,15178],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15173,8778],{"class":45},[39,15175,50],{"class":49},[39,15177,8783],{"class":2523},[39,15179,8257],{"class":53},[39,15181,15182,15184,15186,15188],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15183,113],{"class":112},[39,15185,101],{"class":53},[39,15187,8817],{"class":97},[39,15189,80],{"class":53},[20,15191,15192],{},[3367,15193,458],{},[30,15195,15196],{"className":32,"code":9047,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,15197,15198],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15199,15200],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15201,9047],{"class":53},[20,15203,15204],{},"Both are correct.",[223,15206,15208],{"id":15207},"important-beginner-note","Important beginner note",[20,15210,15211,15213,15214,15217],{},[15,15212,3417],{}," creates an empty ",[3367,15215,15216],{},"dictionary",", not an empty set.",[20,15219,15220,15221,94],{},"If you want an empty set, you must use ",[15,15222,3422],{},[30,15224,15226],{"className":32,"code":15225,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {}\nmy_set = set()\n\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(type(my_set))\n",[15,15227,15228,15236,15248,15252,15266],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15229,15230,15232,15234],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15231,11336],{"class":45},[39,15233,50],{"class":49},[39,15235,9451],{"class":53},[39,15237,15238,15241,15243,15246],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15239,15240],{"class":45},"my_set ",[39,15242,50],{"class":49},[39,15244,15245],{"class":2523}," set",[39,15247,8257],{"class":53},[39,15249,15250],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,15251,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,15253,15254,15256,15258,15260,15262,15264],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,15255,113],{"class":112},[39,15257,101],{"class":53},[39,15259,2845],{"class":2523},[39,15261,101],{"class":53},[39,15263,11062],{"class":97},[39,15265,1026],{"class":53},[39,15267,15268,15270,15272,15274,15276,15279],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,15269,113],{"class":112},[39,15271,101],{"class":53},[39,15273,2845],{"class":2523},[39,15275,101],{"class":53},[39,15277,15278],{"class":97},"my_set",[39,15280,1026],{"class":53},[20,15282,15283],{},[3367,15284,458],{},[30,15286,15288],{"className":32,"code":15287,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,15289,15290,15304],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15291,15292,15294,15296,15298,15300,15302],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15293,2914],{"class":49},[39,15295,2917],{"class":1689},[39,15297,2920],{"class":243},[39,15299,8433],{"class":247},[39,15301,629],{"class":243},[39,15303,2927],{"class":49},[39,15305,15306,15308,15310,15312,15314,15316],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15307,2914],{"class":49},[39,15309,2917],{"class":1689},[39,15311,2920],{"class":243},[39,15313,5902],{"class":247},[39,15315,629],{"class":243},[39,15317,2927],{"class":49},[134,15319,15321,15322],{"id":15320},"create-a-dictionary-with-dict","Create a dictionary with ",[15,15323,8732],{},[20,15325,15326,15327,15329],{},"You can also use ",[15,15328,8732],{}," to create a dictionary.",[20,15331,15332],{},"One simple way is with keyword arguments:",[30,15334,15336],{"className":32,"code":15335,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = dict(name=\"Ana\", age=20, active=True)\nprint(student)\n",[15,15337,15338,15378],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15339,15340,15342,15344,15346,15348,15350,15352,15354,15356,15358,15360,15362,15364,15367,15369,15372,15374,15376],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15341,12475],{"class":45},[39,15343,50],{"class":49},[39,15345,8783],{"class":2523},[39,15347,101],{"class":53},[39,15349,7285],{"class":8788},[39,15351,50],{"class":49},[39,15353,244],{"class":243},[39,15355,12492],{"class":247},[39,15357,244],{"class":243},[39,15359,61],{"class":53},[39,15361,8801],{"class":8788},[39,15363,50],{"class":49},[39,15365,15366],{"class":57},"20",[39,15368,61],{"class":53},[39,15370,15371],{"class":8788}," active",[39,15373,50],{"class":49},[39,15375,939],{"class":3477},[39,15377,80],{"class":53},[39,15379,15380,15382,15384,15386],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15381,113],{"class":112},[39,15383,101],{"class":53},[39,15385,13236],{"class":97},[39,15387,80],{"class":53},[20,15389,15390],{},[3367,15391,458],{},[30,15393,15395],{"className":32,"code":15394,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'active': True}\n",[15,15396,15397],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15398,15399,15401,15403,15405,15407,15409,15411,15413,15415,15417,15419,15421,15423,15425,15427,15429,15431,15434,15436,15438,15440],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15400,8890],{"class":53},[39,15402,629],{"class":243},[39,15404,7285],{"class":247},[39,15406,629],{"class":243},[39,15408,145],{"class":53},[39,15410,2920],{"class":243},[39,15412,12492],{"class":247},[39,15414,629],{"class":243},[39,15416,61],{"class":53},[39,15418,2920],{"class":243},[39,15420,8911],{"class":247},[39,15422,629],{"class":243},[39,15424,145],{"class":53},[39,15426,687],{"class":57},[39,15428,61],{"class":53},[39,15430,2920],{"class":243},[39,15432,15433],{"class":247},"active",[39,15435,629],{"class":243},[39,15437,145],{"class":53},[39,15439,3541],{"class":3477},[39,15441,8921],{"class":53},[20,15443,15444],{},"This can be easy to read for small dictionaries.",[223,15446,15448,15449],{"id":15447},"important-rule-for-dict","Important rule for ",[15,15450,8732],{},[20,15452,15453],{},"When using keyword arguments:",[147,15455,15456,15459],{},[150,15457,15458],{},"keys must be valid Python names",[150,15460,15461],{},"you do not put quotes around the keys",[20,15463,6304],{},[30,15465,15467],{"className":32,"code":15466,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = dict(name=\"Sam\", age=25)\nprint(user)\n",[15,15468,15469,15499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15470,15471,15473,15475,15477,15479,15481,15483,15485,15487,15489,15491,15493,15495,15497],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15472,11099],{"class":45},[39,15474,50],{"class":49},[39,15476,8783],{"class":2523},[39,15478,101],{"class":53},[39,15480,7285],{"class":8788},[39,15482,50],{"class":49},[39,15484,244],{"class":243},[39,15486,7294],{"class":247},[39,15488,244],{"class":243},[39,15490,61],{"class":53},[39,15492,8801],{"class":8788},[39,15494,50],{"class":49},[39,15496,8806],{"class":57},[39,15498,80],{"class":53},[39,15500,15501,15503,15505,15507],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15502,113],{"class":112},[39,15504,101],{"class":53},[39,15506,11193],{"class":97},[39,15508,80],{"class":53},[20,15510,4251,15511,15513],{},[3367,15512,4254],{}," work as keyword syntax:",[30,15515,15517],{"className":32,"code":15516,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# dict(first-name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,15518,15519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15520,15521],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15522,15516],{"class":124},[20,15524,15525],{},"That key is not a valid Python name because it contains a hyphen.",[20,15527,15528],{},"If your keys are not valid Python names, use curly braces instead:",[30,15530,15532],{"className":32,"code":15531,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\n    \"first-name\": \"Sam\"\n}\n\nprint(user)\n",[15,15533,15534,15542,15558,15562,15566],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15535,15536,15538,15540],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15537,11099],{"class":45},[39,15539,50],{"class":49},[39,15541,11104],{"class":53},[39,15543,15544,15546,15548,15550,15552,15554,15556],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15545,11109],{"class":243},[39,15547,10108],{"class":247},[39,15549,244],{"class":243},[39,15551,145],{"class":53},[39,15553,255],{"class":243},[39,15555,7294],{"class":247},[39,15557,2983],{"class":243},[39,15559,15560],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,15561,8921],{"class":53},[39,15563,15564],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,15565,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,15567,15568,15570,15572,15574],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,15569,113],{"class":112},[39,15571,101],{"class":53},[39,15573,11193],{"class":97},[39,15575,80],{"class":53},[134,15577,9057],{"id":9056},[20,15579,15580,15582],{},[15,15581,8732],{}," can also build a dictionary from key-value pairs.",[20,15584,15585],{},"This is useful when your data already exists as pairs, such as a list of tuples.",[30,15587,15589],{"className":32,"code":15588,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = [(\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20), (\"city\", \"Lima\")]\n\nstudent = dict(pairs)\n\nprint(student)\n",[15,15590,15591,15648,15652,15666,15670],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15592,15593,15595,15597,15599,15601,15603,15605,15607,15609,15611,15613,15615,15617,15619,15621,15623,15625,15627,15629,15631,15633,15635,15637,15639,15641,15644,15646],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15594,8828],{"class":45},[39,15596,50],{"class":49},[39,15598,8833],{"class":53},[39,15600,244],{"class":243},[39,15602,7285],{"class":247},[39,15604,244],{"class":243},[39,15606,61],{"class":53},[39,15608,255],{"class":243},[39,15610,12492],{"class":247},[39,15612,244],{"class":243},[39,15614,8846],{"class":53},[39,15616,54],{"class":53},[39,15618,244],{"class":243},[39,15620,8911],{"class":247},[39,15622,244],{"class":243},[39,15624,61],{"class":53},[39,15626,687],{"class":57},[39,15628,8846],{"class":53},[39,15630,54],{"class":53},[39,15632,244],{"class":243},[39,15634,10021],{"class":247},[39,15636,244],{"class":243},[39,15638,61],{"class":53},[39,15640,255],{"class":243},[39,15642,15643],{"class":247},"Lima",[39,15645,244],{"class":243},[39,15647,8861],{"class":53},[39,15649,15650],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15651,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,15653,15654,15656,15658,15660,15662,15664],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,15655,12475],{"class":45},[39,15657,50],{"class":49},[39,15659,8783],{"class":2523},[39,15661,101],{"class":53},[39,15663,8874],{"class":97},[39,15665,80],{"class":53},[39,15667,15668],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,15669,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,15671,15672,15674,15676,15678],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,15673,113],{"class":112},[39,15675,101],{"class":53},[39,15677,13236],{"class":97},[39,15679,80],{"class":53},[20,15681,15682],{},[3367,15683,458],{},[30,15685,15687],{"className":32,"code":15686,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,15688,15689],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15690,15691,15693,15695,15697,15699,15701,15703,15705,15707,15709,15711,15713,15715,15717,15719,15721,15723,15725,15727,15729,15731,15733,15735],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15692,8890],{"class":53},[39,15694,629],{"class":243},[39,15696,7285],{"class":247},[39,15698,629],{"class":243},[39,15700,145],{"class":53},[39,15702,2920],{"class":243},[39,15704,12492],{"class":247},[39,15706,629],{"class":243},[39,15708,61],{"class":53},[39,15710,2920],{"class":243},[39,15712,8911],{"class":247},[39,15714,629],{"class":243},[39,15716,145],{"class":53},[39,15718,687],{"class":57},[39,15720,61],{"class":53},[39,15722,2920],{"class":243},[39,15724,10021],{"class":247},[39,15726,629],{"class":243},[39,15728,145],{"class":53},[39,15730,2920],{"class":243},[39,15732,15643],{"class":247},[39,15734,629],{"class":243},[39,15736,8921],{"class":53},[20,15738,15739],{},"You can also use tuples directly:",[30,15741,15743],{"className":32,"code":15742,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = dict(((\"name\", \"Ana\"), (\"age\", 20)))\nprint(student)\n",[15,15744,15745,15786],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15746,15747,15749,15751,15753,15756,15758,15760,15762,15764,15766,15768,15770,15772,15774,15776,15778,15780,15782,15784],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15748,12475],{"class":45},[39,15750,50],{"class":49},[39,15752,8783],{"class":2523},[39,15754,15755],{"class":53},"(((",[39,15757,244],{"class":243},[39,15759,7285],{"class":247},[39,15761,244],{"class":243},[39,15763,61],{"class":53},[39,15765,255],{"class":243},[39,15767,12492],{"class":247},[39,15769,244],{"class":243},[39,15771,8846],{"class":53},[39,15773,54],{"class":53},[39,15775,244],{"class":243},[39,15777,8911],{"class":247},[39,15779,244],{"class":243},[39,15781,61],{"class":53},[39,15783,687],{"class":57},[39,15785,2534],{"class":53},[39,15787,15788,15790,15792,15794],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15789,113],{"class":112},[39,15791,101],{"class":53},[39,15793,13236],{"class":97},[39,15795,80],{"class":53},[20,15797,15798],{},"This approach is helpful when you receive data in pair form and want to turn it into a dictionary.",[134,15800,15802],{"id":15801},"rules-beginners-should-know","Rules beginners should know",[20,15804,15805],{},"Here are a few important dictionary rules:",[147,15807,15808,15811,15814,15817],{},[150,15809,15810],{},"Keys must be unique",[150,15812,15813],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value replaces earlier ones",[150,15815,15816],{},"Values can repeat",[150,15818,15819],{},"Keys are often strings, but other immutable types can also be keys",[223,15821,15823],{"id":15822},"duplicate-key-example","Duplicate key example",[30,15825,15827],{"className":32,"code":15826,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\n    \"name\": \"Ana\",\n    \"name\": \"Maria\"\n}\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,15828,15829,15837,15855,15872,15876,15880],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15830,15831,15833,15835],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15832,8778],{"class":45},[39,15834,50],{"class":49},[39,15836,11104],{"class":53},[39,15838,15839,15841,15843,15845,15847,15849,15851,15853],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15840,11109],{"class":243},[39,15842,7285],{"class":247},[39,15844,244],{"class":243},[39,15846,145],{"class":53},[39,15848,255],{"class":243},[39,15850,12492],{"class":247},[39,15852,244],{"class":243},[39,15854,11125],{"class":53},[39,15856,15857,15859,15861,15863,15865,15867,15870],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,15858,11109],{"class":243},[39,15860,7285],{"class":247},[39,15862,244],{"class":243},[39,15864,145],{"class":53},[39,15866,255],{"class":243},[39,15868,15869],{"class":247},"Maria",[39,15871,2983],{"class":243},[39,15873,15874],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,15875,8921],{"class":53},[39,15877,15878],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,15879,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,15881,15882,15884,15886,15888],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,15883,113],{"class":112},[39,15885,101],{"class":53},[39,15887,8817],{"class":97},[39,15889,80],{"class":53},[20,15891,15892],{},[3367,15893,458],{},[30,15895,15897],{"className":32,"code":15896,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Maria'}\n",[15,15898,15899],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15900,15901,15903,15905,15907,15909,15911,15913,15915,15917],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15902,8890],{"class":53},[39,15904,629],{"class":243},[39,15906,7285],{"class":247},[39,15908,629],{"class":243},[39,15910,145],{"class":53},[39,15912,2920],{"class":243},[39,15914,15869],{"class":247},[39,15916,629],{"class":243},[39,15918,8921],{"class":53},[20,15920,15921],{},"Only the last value is kept.",[223,15923,15925],{"id":15924},"keys-can-be-numbers-too","Keys can be numbers too",[30,15927,15929],{"className":32,"code":15928,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\n    1: \"low\",\n    2: \"medium\",\n    3: \"high\"\n}\n\nprint(scores)\n",[15,15930,15931,15939,15955,15971,15985,15989,15993],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,15932,15933,15935,15937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,15934,675],{"class":45},[39,15936,50],{"class":49},[39,15938,11104],{"class":53},[39,15940,15941,15944,15946,15948,15951,15953],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,15942,15943],{"class":57},"    1",[39,15945,145],{"class":53},[39,15947,255],{"class":243},[39,15949,15950],{"class":247},"low",[39,15952,244],{"class":243},[39,15954,11125],{"class":53},[39,15956,15957,15960,15962,15964,15967,15969],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,15958,15959],{"class":57},"    2",[39,15961,145],{"class":53},[39,15963,255],{"class":243},[39,15965,15966],{"class":247},"medium",[39,15968,244],{"class":243},[39,15970,11125],{"class":53},[39,15972,15973,15976,15978,15980,15983],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,15974,15975],{"class":57},"    3",[39,15977,145],{"class":53},[39,15979,255],{"class":243},[39,15981,15982],{"class":247},"high",[39,15984,2983],{"class":243},[39,15986,15987],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,15988,8921],{"class":53},[39,15990,15991],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,15992,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,15994,15995,15997,15999,16002],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,15996,113],{"class":112},[39,15998,101],{"class":53},[39,16000,16001],{"class":97},"scores",[39,16003,80],{"class":53},[223,16005,16007],{"id":16006},"mutable-types-cannot-be-keys","Mutable types cannot be keys",[20,16009,16010],{},"A list cannot be a dictionary key because lists are mutable.",[20,16012,16013],{},"This will cause an error:",[30,16015,16017],{"className":32,"code":16016,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# bad = {\n#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n# }\n",[15,16018,16019,16024,16029],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16020,16021],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16022,16023],{"class":124},"# bad = {\n",[39,16025,16026],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16027,16028],{"class":124},"#     [1, 2]: \"numbers\"\n",[39,16030,16031],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,16032,16033],{"class":124},"# }\n",[20,16035,16036],{},"But a tuple can be used as a key because tuples are immutable:",[30,16038,16040],{"className":32,"code":16039,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"good = {\n    (1, 2): \"numbers\"\n}\n\nprint(good)\n",[15,16041,16042,16051,16071,16075,16079],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16043,16044,16047,16049],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16045,16046],{"class":45},"good ",[39,16048,50],{"class":49},[39,16050,11104],{"class":53},[39,16052,16053,16056,16058,16060,16062,16065,16067,16069],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16054,16055],{"class":53},"    (",[39,16057,58],{"class":57},[39,16059,61],{"class":53},[39,16061,64],{"class":57},[39,16063,16064],{"class":53},"):",[39,16066,255],{"class":243},[39,16068,992],{"class":247},[39,16070,2983],{"class":243},[39,16072,16073],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,16074,8921],{"class":53},[39,16076,16077],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,16078,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,16080,16081,16083,16085,16088],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,16082,113],{"class":112},[39,16084,101],{"class":53},[39,16086,16087],{"class":97},"good",[39,16089,80],{"class":53},[134,16091,16093],{"id":16092},"when-to-use-a-dictionary","When to use a dictionary",[20,16095,16096],{},"Use a dictionary when each value has a label.",[20,16098,16099],{},"Dictionaries are a good choice for:",[147,16101,16102,16105,16107,16110],{},[150,16103,16104],{},"user data",[150,16106,13495],{},[150,16108,16109],{},"counters",[150,16111,16112],{},"lookups",[20,16114,515],{},[30,16116,16118],{"className":32,"code":16117,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\n    \"username\": \"ana123\",\n    \"email\": \"ana@example.com\",\n    \"logged_in\": True\n}\n\nprint(user[\"email\"])\n",[15,16119,16120,16128,16147,16166,16178,16182,16186],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16121,16122,16124,16126],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16123,11099],{"class":45},[39,16125,50],{"class":49},[39,16127,11104],{"class":53},[39,16129,16130,16132,16134,16136,16138,16140,16143,16145],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16131,11109],{"class":243},[39,16133,7602],{"class":247},[39,16135,244],{"class":243},[39,16137,145],{"class":53},[39,16139,255],{"class":243},[39,16141,16142],{"class":247},"ana123",[39,16144,244],{"class":243},[39,16146,11125],{"class":53},[39,16148,16149,16151,16153,16155,16157,16159,16162,16164],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,16150,11109],{"class":243},[39,16152,14870],{"class":247},[39,16154,244],{"class":243},[39,16156,145],{"class":53},[39,16158,255],{"class":243},[39,16160,16161],{"class":247},"ana@example.com",[39,16163,244],{"class":243},[39,16165,11125],{"class":53},[39,16167,16168,16170,16172,16174,16176],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,16169,11109],{"class":243},[39,16171,12126],{"class":247},[39,16173,244],{"class":243},[39,16175,145],{"class":53},[39,16177,6038],{"class":3477},[39,16179,16180],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,16181,8921],{"class":53},[39,16183,16184],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,16185,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,16187,16188,16190,16192,16194,16196,16198,16200,16202],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,16189,113],{"class":112},[39,16191,101],{"class":53},[39,16193,11193],{"class":97},[39,16195,3525],{"class":53},[39,16197,244],{"class":243},[39,16199,14870],{"class":247},[39,16201,244],{"class":243},[39,16203,3513],{"class":53},[20,16205,16206,16207,94],{},"If you want to learn how to read values from a dictionary, see ",[173,16208,16210],{"href":16209},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-access-values-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","how to access values in a dictionary in Python",[20,16212,16213],{},"A list is usually a better choice when:",[147,16215,16216,16219,16222],{},[150,16217,16218],{},"labels are not needed",[150,16220,16221],{},"you mostly care about position",[150,16223,16224],{},"order matters more than named fields",[134,16226,944],{"id":943},[20,16228,16229],{},"Beginners often make these mistakes when creating dictionaries:",[147,16231,16232,16235,16238,16241,16244],{},[150,16233,16234],{},"Using commas instead of colons between keys and values",[150,16236,16237],{},"Forgetting quotes around string keys when needed",[150,16239,16240],{},"Repeating the same key and expecting both values to stay",[150,16242,16243],{},"Using a mutable type like a list as a dictionary key",[150,16245,16246,16247,16249],{},"Mixing up ",[15,16248,3417],{}," for dictionaries and sets",[223,16251,16253],{"id":16252},"mistake-using-a-comma-instead-of-a-colon","Mistake: using a comma instead of a colon",[20,16255,16256],{},"Wrong:",[30,16258,16260],{"className":32,"code":16259,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# student = {\"name\", \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16261,16262],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16263,16264],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16265,16259],{"class":124},[20,16267,16268],{},"Correct:",[30,16270,16272],{"className":32,"code":16271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student)\n",[15,16273,16274,16298],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16275,16276,16278,16280,16282,16284,16286,16288,16290,16292,16294,16296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16277,12475],{"class":45},[39,16279,50],{"class":49},[39,16281,10103],{"class":53},[39,16283,244],{"class":243},[39,16285,7285],{"class":247},[39,16287,244],{"class":243},[39,16289,145],{"class":53},[39,16291,255],{"class":243},[39,16293,12492],{"class":247},[39,16295,244],{"class":243},[39,16297,8921],{"class":53},[39,16299,16300,16302,16304,16306],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16301,113],{"class":112},[39,16303,101],{"class":53},[39,16305,13236],{"class":97},[39,16307,80],{"class":53},[223,16309,16311],{"id":16310},"mistake-forgetting-quotes-around-a-string-key","Mistake: forgetting quotes around a string key",[20,16313,16256],{},[30,16315,16317],{"className":32,"code":16316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# student = {name: \"Ana\"}\n",[15,16318,16319],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16320,16321],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16322,16316],{"class":124},[20,16324,16325,16326,16328,16329,16331],{},"This only works if ",[15,16327,7285],{}," is already a variable. If you want the key to be the text ",[15,16330,14851],{},", use quotes.",[20,16333,16268],{},[30,16335,16336],{"className":32,"code":16271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,16337,16338,16362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16339,16340,16342,16344,16346,16348,16350,16352,16354,16356,16358,16360],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16341,12475],{"class":45},[39,16343,50],{"class":49},[39,16345,10103],{"class":53},[39,16347,244],{"class":243},[39,16349,7285],{"class":247},[39,16351,244],{"class":243},[39,16353,145],{"class":53},[39,16355,255],{"class":243},[39,16357,12492],{"class":247},[39,16359,244],{"class":243},[39,16361,8921],{"class":53},[39,16363,16364,16366,16368,16370],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16365,113],{"class":112},[39,16367,101],{"class":53},[39,16369,13236],{"class":97},[39,16371,80],{"class":53},[223,16373,16375],{"id":16374},"mistake-expecting-duplicate-keys-to-stay","Mistake: expecting duplicate keys to stay",[30,16377,16379],{"className":32,"code":16378,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"age\": 20, \"age\": 30}\nprint(data)\n",[15,16380,16381,16413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16382,16383,16385,16387,16389,16391,16393,16395,16397,16399,16401,16403,16405,16407,16409,16411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16384,8778],{"class":45},[39,16386,50],{"class":49},[39,16388,10103],{"class":53},[39,16390,244],{"class":243},[39,16392,8911],{"class":247},[39,16394,244],{"class":243},[39,16396,145],{"class":53},[39,16398,687],{"class":57},[39,16400,61],{"class":53},[39,16402,255],{"class":243},[39,16404,8911],{"class":247},[39,16406,244],{"class":243},[39,16408,145],{"class":53},[39,16410,697],{"class":57},[39,16412,8921],{"class":53},[39,16414,16415,16417,16419,16421],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16416,113],{"class":112},[39,16418,101],{"class":53},[39,16420,8817],{"class":97},[39,16422,80],{"class":53},[20,16424,16425],{},[3367,16426,458],{},[30,16428,16430],{"className":32,"code":16429,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'age': 30}\n",[15,16431,16432],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16433,16434,16436,16438,16440,16442,16444,16446],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16435,8890],{"class":53},[39,16437,629],{"class":243},[39,16439,8911],{"class":247},[39,16441,629],{"class":243},[39,16443,145],{"class":53},[39,16445,697],{"class":57},[39,16447,8921],{"class":53},[134,16449,16451],{"id":16450},"helpful-checks-while-learning","Helpful checks while learning",[20,16453,16454],{},"These quick commands can help you inspect a dictionary:",[30,16456,16458],{"className":32,"code":16457,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(len(my_dict))\n",[15,16459,16460,16496,16500,16510,16524,16539,16553],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16461,16462,16464,16466,16468,16470,16472,16474,16476,16478,16480,16482,16484,16486,16488,16490,16492,16494],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16463,11336],{"class":45},[39,16465,50],{"class":49},[39,16467,10103],{"class":53},[39,16469,244],{"class":243},[39,16471,7285],{"class":247},[39,16473,244],{"class":243},[39,16475,145],{"class":53},[39,16477,255],{"class":243},[39,16479,12492],{"class":247},[39,16481,244],{"class":243},[39,16483,61],{"class":53},[39,16485,255],{"class":243},[39,16487,8911],{"class":247},[39,16489,244],{"class":243},[39,16491,145],{"class":53},[39,16493,687],{"class":57},[39,16495,8921],{"class":53},[39,16497,16498],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16499,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,16501,16502,16504,16506,16508],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,16503,113],{"class":112},[39,16505,101],{"class":53},[39,16507,11062],{"class":97},[39,16509,80],{"class":53},[39,16511,16512,16514,16516,16518,16520,16522],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,16513,113],{"class":112},[39,16515,101],{"class":53},[39,16517,2845],{"class":2523},[39,16519,101],{"class":53},[39,16521,11062],{"class":97},[39,16523,1026],{"class":53},[39,16525,16526,16528,16530,16532,16534,16537],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,16527,113],{"class":112},[39,16529,101],{"class":53},[39,16531,11062],{"class":97},[39,16533,94],{"class":53},[39,16535,16536],{"class":97},"keys",[39,16538,6810],{"class":53},[39,16540,16541,16543,16545,16547,16549,16551],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,16542,113],{"class":112},[39,16544,101],{"class":53},[39,16546,11062],{"class":97},[39,16548,94],{"class":53},[39,16550,856],{"class":97},[39,16552,6810],{"class":53},[39,16554,16555,16557,16559,16561,16563,16565],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,16556,113],{"class":112},[39,16558,101],{"class":53},[39,16560,10775],{"class":112},[39,16562,101],{"class":53},[39,16564,11062],{"class":97},[39,16566,1026],{"class":53},[20,16568,16569],{},[3367,16570,16571],{},"Example output:",[30,16573,16575],{"className":32,"code":16574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\ndict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\n2\n",[15,16576,16577,16609,16623,16646,16665],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16578,16579,16581,16583,16585,16587,16589,16591,16593,16595,16597,16599,16601,16603,16605,16607],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16580,8890],{"class":53},[39,16582,629],{"class":243},[39,16584,7285],{"class":247},[39,16586,629],{"class":243},[39,16588,145],{"class":53},[39,16590,2920],{"class":243},[39,16592,12492],{"class":247},[39,16594,629],{"class":243},[39,16596,61],{"class":53},[39,16598,2920],{"class":243},[39,16600,8911],{"class":247},[39,16602,629],{"class":243},[39,16604,145],{"class":53},[39,16606,687],{"class":57},[39,16608,8921],{"class":53},[39,16610,16611,16613,16615,16617,16619,16621],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16612,2914],{"class":49},[39,16614,2917],{"class":1689},[39,16616,2920],{"class":243},[39,16618,8433],{"class":247},[39,16620,629],{"class":243},[39,16622,2927],{"class":49},[39,16624,16625,16628,16630,16632,16634,16636,16638,16640,16642,16644],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,16626,16627],{"class":97},"dict_keys",[39,16629,2608],{"class":53},[39,16631,629],{"class":243},[39,16633,7285],{"class":247},[39,16635,629],{"class":243},[39,16637,61],{"class":53},[39,16639,2920],{"class":243},[39,16641,8911],{"class":247},[39,16643,629],{"class":243},[39,16645,3513],{"class":53},[39,16647,16648,16651,16653,16655,16657,16659,16661,16663],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,16649,16650],{"class":97},"dict_values",[39,16652,2608],{"class":53},[39,16654,629],{"class":243},[39,16656,12492],{"class":247},[39,16658,629],{"class":243},[39,16660,61],{"class":53},[39,16662,687],{"class":57},[39,16664,3513],{"class":53},[39,16666,16667],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,16668,16669],{"class":57},"2\n",[20,16671,16672,16673,1814,16679,16685,16686,94],{},"If you want to learn these methods in more detail, see ",[173,16674,10350,16676],{"href":16675},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method\u002F",[15,16677,16678],{},"keys()",[173,16680,10350,16682],{"href":16681},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method\u002F",[15,16683,16684],{},"values()",", and ",[173,16687,10350,16689],{"href":16688},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method\u002F",[15,16690,16691],{},"items()",[134,16693,1454],{"id":1453},[223,16695,16697],{"id":16696},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-dictionary-in-python","How do I create an empty dictionary in Python?",[20,16699,128,16700,177,16702,16704],{},[15,16701,3417],{},[15,16703,8732],{},". Both create an empty dictionary.",[223,16706,16708],{"id":16707},"what-is-the-easiest-way-to-create-a-dictionary","What is the easiest way to create a dictionary?",[20,16710,16711,16712,94],{},"The easiest way is usually curly braces with key-value pairs, like ",[15,16713,16714],{},"{\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}",[223,16716,16718],{"id":16717},"can-dictionary-keys-be-numbers","Can dictionary keys be numbers?",[20,16720,16721],{},"Yes. Keys can be numbers, strings, tuples, and other immutable types.",[223,16723,16725],{"id":16724},"can-a-dictionary-have-duplicate-keys","Can a dictionary have duplicate keys?",[20,16727,16728],{},"A dictionary can be written with duplicate keys, but only the last value for that key is kept.",[223,16730,1497,16732,796,16734,929],{"id":16731},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-dict",[15,16733,3417],{},[15,16735,8732],{},[20,16737,16738,16740,16741,16743],{},[15,16739,3417],{}," is the most common literal syntax. ",[15,16742,8732],{}," is a constructor and is useful for empty dictionaries, keyword arguments, or key-value pair data.",[134,16745,1514],{"id":1513},[147,16747,16748,16752,16758,16762,16768],{},[150,16749,16750],{},[173,16751,8768],{"href":8767},[150,16753,16754],{},[173,16755,10350,16756,1533],{"href":10349},[15,16757,10353],{},[150,16759,16760],{},[173,16761,10865],{"href":10344},[150,16763,16764],{},[173,16765,16767],{"href":16766},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-key-exists-in-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[150,16769,16770],{},[173,16771,10876],{"href":10687},[20,16773,16774],{},"Next step: learn how to access, add, and safely read dictionary values.",[1550,16776,16777],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":16779},[16780,16781,16782,16783,16786,16789,16794,16795,16800,16801,16806,16807,16815],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":14773,"depth":83,"text":14774},{"id":14791,"depth":83,"text":14779},{"id":14876,"depth":83,"text":14877,"children":16784},[16785],{"id":15028,"depth":109,"text":15029},{"id":9014,"depth":83,"text":9015,"children":16787},[16788],{"id":15207,"depth":109,"text":15208},{"id":15320,"depth":83,"text":16790,"children":16791},"Create a dictionary with dict()",[16792],{"id":15447,"depth":109,"text":16793},"Important rule for dict()",{"id":9056,"depth":83,"text":9057},{"id":15801,"depth":83,"text":15802,"children":16796},[16797,16798,16799],{"id":15822,"depth":109,"text":15823},{"id":15924,"depth":109,"text":15925},{"id":16006,"depth":109,"text":16007},{"id":16092,"depth":83,"text":16093},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":16802},[16803,16804,16805],{"id":16252,"depth":109,"text":16253},{"id":16310,"depth":109,"text":16311},{"id":16374,"depth":109,"text":16375},{"id":16450,"depth":83,"text":16451},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":16808},[16809,16810,16811,16812,16813],{"id":16696,"depth":109,"text":16697},{"id":16707,"depth":109,"text":16708},{"id":16717,"depth":109,"text":16718},{"id":16724,"depth":109,"text":16725},{"id":16731,"depth":109,"text":16814},"What is the difference between {} and dict()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary creating a dictionary in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":14616,"description":16816},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-creating-a-dictionary","O7TVqwZDB3TCnmmRLHQ65qMF8VSifRb5cK3N-83y3Fg",{"id":16822,"title":16823,"body":16824,"description":19273,"extension":1587,"meta":19274,"navigation":420,"path":19275,"seo":19276,"stem":19277,"__hash__":19278},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method.md","Python Dictionary fromkeys() Method",{"type":7,"value":16825,"toc":19229},[16826,16832,16838,16841,16844,16846,16928,16934,16939,16943,16961,16973,16978,16982,17005,17009,17021,17029,17033,17039,17041,17044,17117,17119,17164,17166,17183,17188,17194,17199,17273,17275,17320,17323,17334,17336,17455,17457,17510,17517,17521,17524,17541,17547,17551,17649,17651,17703,17710,17714,17720,17723,17726,17753,17758,17762,17765,17869,17871,17916,17919,17922,17927,17932,17943,17945,18006,18066,18072,18080,18086,18091,18096,18156,18160,18227,18230,18234,18305,18308,18321,18328,18330,18334,18338,18409,18411,18448,18451,18454,18517,18524,18527,18569,18579,18582,18651,18657,18662,18746,18748,18797,18804,18810,18855,18857,18890,18895,18899,18905,18944,18988,19056,19099,19101,19107,19110,19114,19119,19123,19126,19130,19132,19193,19195,19221,19226],[10,16827,10932,16829,18],{"id":16828},"python-dictionary-fromkeys-method",[15,16830,16831],{},"fromkeys()",[20,16833,16834,16837],{},[15,16835,16836],{},"dict.fromkeys()"," creates a new dictionary from a group of keys.",[20,16839,16840],{},"It is useful when you already know the keys you want, and every key should start with the same value.",[20,16842,16843],{},"One important beginner mistake to watch for is using a mutable value like a list or dictionary. In that case, all keys share the same object.",[134,16845,1629],{"id":1628},[30,16847,16849],{"className":32,"code":16848,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nperson = dict.fromkeys(keys, \"unknown\")\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[15,16850,16851,16884,16912,16923],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16852,16853,16856,16858,16860,16862,16864,16866,16868,16870,16872,16874,16876,16878,16880,16882],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16854,16855],{"class":45},"keys ",[39,16857,50],{"class":49},[39,16859,3249],{"class":53},[39,16861,244],{"class":243},[39,16863,7285],{"class":247},[39,16865,244],{"class":243},[39,16867,61],{"class":53},[39,16869,255],{"class":243},[39,16871,8911],{"class":247},[39,16873,244],{"class":243},[39,16875,61],{"class":53},[39,16877,255],{"class":243},[39,16879,10021],{"class":247},[39,16881,244],{"class":243},[39,16883,3262],{"class":53},[39,16885,16886,16888,16890,16892,16894,16897,16899,16901,16903,16905,16908,16910],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,16887,12814],{"class":45},[39,16889,50],{"class":49},[39,16891,8783],{"class":2523},[39,16893,94],{"class":53},[39,16895,16896],{"class":97},"fromkeys",[39,16898,101],{"class":53},[39,16900,16536],{"class":97},[39,16902,61],{"class":53},[39,16904,255],{"class":243},[39,16906,16907],{"class":247},"unknown",[39,16909,244],{"class":243},[39,16911,80],{"class":53},[39,16913,16914,16916,16918,16921],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,16915,113],{"class":112},[39,16917,101],{"class":53},[39,16919,16920],{"class":97},"person",[39,16922,80],{"class":53},[39,16924,16925],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,16926,16927],{"class":124},"# {'name': 'unknown', 'age': 'unknown', 'city': 'unknown'}\n",[20,16929,128,16930,16933],{},[15,16931,16932],{},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)"," to create a new dictionary where each key starts with the same value.",[134,16935,137,16937,140],{"id":16936},"what-dictfromkeys-does",[15,16938,16836],{},[20,16940,16941,145],{},[15,16942,16836],{},[147,16944,16945,16948,16951,16954],{},[150,16946,16947],{},"Creates a new dictionary from a sequence of keys",[150,16949,16950],{},"Assigns the same value to every key",[150,16952,16953],{},"Returns a new dictionary",[150,16955,16956,16957,16960],{},"Is called as ",[15,16958,16959],{},"dict.fromkeys(...)",", not on an existing dictionary",[20,16962,16963,16964,16966,16967,16969,16970,94],{},"This is a class method on ",[15,16965,8433],{},", so you write ",[15,16968,16959],{}," instead of something like ",[15,16971,16972],{},"my_dict.fromkeys(...)",[20,16974,16975,16976,94],{},"If you need a refresher on dictionaries first, see ",[173,16977,8768],{"href":12635},[134,16979,16981],{"id":16980},"syntax-and-parameters","Syntax and parameters",[30,16983,16985],{"className":32,"code":16984,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict.fromkeys(iterable, value)\n",[15,16986,16987],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,16988,16989,16991,16993,16995,16997,16999,17001,17003],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,16990,8433],{"class":2523},[39,16992,94],{"class":53},[39,16994,16896],{"class":97},[39,16996,101],{"class":53},[39,16998,3344],{"class":97},[39,17000,61],{"class":53},[39,17002,8049],{"class":97},[39,17004,80],{"class":53},[223,17006,17008],{"id":17007},"parameters","Parameters",[147,17010,17011,17016],{},[150,17012,17013,17015],{},[15,17014,3344],{},": the keys to use",[150,17017,17018,17020],{},[15,17019,155],{},": optional starting value for every key",[20,17022,17023,17024,17026,17027,94],{},"If you leave out ",[15,17025,155],{},", each key gets ",[15,17028,3403],{},[223,17030,17032],{"id":17031},"return-value","Return value",[20,17034,17035,17036,94],{},"It returns a ",[3367,17037,17038],{},"new dictionary",[134,17040,5403],{"id":5402},[20,17042,17043],{},"Here is a simple example using a list of strings as keys:",[30,17045,17047],{"className":32,"code":17046,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,17048,17049,17081,17103,17107],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17050,17051,17053,17055,17057,17059,17061,17063,17065,17067,17069,17071,17073,17075,17077,17079],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17052,16855],{"class":45},[39,17054,50],{"class":49},[39,17056,3249],{"class":53},[39,17058,244],{"class":243},[39,17060,248],{"class":247},[39,17062,244],{"class":243},[39,17064,61],{"class":53},[39,17066,255],{"class":243},[39,17068,275],{"class":247},[39,17070,244],{"class":243},[39,17072,61],{"class":53},[39,17074,255],{"class":243},[39,17076,258],{"class":247},[39,17078,244],{"class":243},[39,17080,3262],{"class":53},[39,17082,17083,17085,17087,17089,17091,17093,17095,17097,17099,17101],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,17084,236],{"class":45},[39,17086,50],{"class":49},[39,17088,8783],{"class":2523},[39,17090,94],{"class":53},[39,17092,16896],{"class":97},[39,17094,101],{"class":53},[39,17096,16536],{"class":97},[39,17098,61],{"class":53},[39,17100,3458],{"class":57},[39,17102,80],{"class":53},[39,17104,17105],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,17106,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,17108,17109,17111,17113,17115],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,17110,113],{"class":112},[39,17112,101],{"class":53},[39,17114,288],{"class":97},[39,17116,80],{"class":53},[20,17118,458],{},[30,17120,17122],{"className":32,"code":17121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red': 0, 'green': 0, 'blue': 0}\n",[15,17123,17124],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17125,17126,17128,17130,17132,17134,17136,17138,17140,17142,17144,17146,17148,17150,17152,17154,17156,17158,17160,17162],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17127,8890],{"class":53},[39,17129,629],{"class":243},[39,17131,248],{"class":247},[39,17133,629],{"class":243},[39,17135,145],{"class":53},[39,17137,3458],{"class":57},[39,17139,61],{"class":53},[39,17141,2920],{"class":243},[39,17143,275],{"class":247},[39,17145,629],{"class":243},[39,17147,145],{"class":53},[39,17149,3458],{"class":57},[39,17151,61],{"class":53},[39,17153,2920],{"class":243},[39,17155,258],{"class":247},[39,17157,629],{"class":243},[39,17159,145],{"class":53},[39,17161,3458],{"class":57},[39,17163,8921],{"class":53},[20,17165,11295],{},[147,17167,17168,17173,17178],{},[150,17169,17170,17172],{},[15,17171,16536],{}," contains the dictionary keys",[150,17174,17175,17177],{},[15,17176,221],{}," is used as the starting value for every key",[150,17179,17180,17182],{},[15,17181,16836],{}," returns the new dictionary",[20,17184,17185,17186,94],{},"If you want to learn more ways to create dictionaries, see ",[173,17187,9004],{"href":12638},[134,17189,948,17191,17193],{"id":17190},"using-fromkeys-without-a-value",[15,17192,16831],{}," without a value",[20,17195,17196,17197,94],{},"If you do not pass the second argument, the default value is ",[15,17198,3403],{},[30,17200,17202],{"className":32,"code":17201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17203,17204,17238,17258,17262],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17205,17206,17209,17211,17213,17215,17217,17219,17221,17223,17225,17227,17229,17231,17234,17236],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17207,17208],{"class":45},"fields ",[39,17210,50],{"class":49},[39,17212,3249],{"class":53},[39,17214,244],{"class":243},[39,17216,7602],{"class":247},[39,17218,244],{"class":243},[39,17220,61],{"class":53},[39,17222,255],{"class":243},[39,17224,14870],{"class":247},[39,17226,244],{"class":243},[39,17228,61],{"class":53},[39,17230,255],{"class":243},[39,17232,17233],{"class":247},"password",[39,17235,244],{"class":243},[39,17237,3262],{"class":53},[39,17239,17240,17243,17245,17247,17249,17251,17253,17256],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,17241,17242],{"class":45},"user_data ",[39,17244,50],{"class":49},[39,17246,8783],{"class":2523},[39,17248,94],{"class":53},[39,17250,16896],{"class":97},[39,17252,101],{"class":53},[39,17254,17255],{"class":97},"fields",[39,17257,80],{"class":53},[39,17259,17260],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,17261,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,17263,17264,17266,17268,17271],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,17265,113],{"class":112},[39,17267,101],{"class":53},[39,17269,17270],{"class":97},"user_data",[39,17272,80],{"class":53},[20,17274,458],{},[30,17276,17278],{"className":32,"code":17277,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'username': None, 'email': None, 'password': None}\n",[15,17279,17280],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17281,17282,17284,17286,17288,17290,17292,17294,17296,17298,17300,17302,17304,17306,17308,17310,17312,17314,17316,17318],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17283,8890],{"class":53},[39,17285,629],{"class":243},[39,17287,7602],{"class":247},[39,17289,629],{"class":243},[39,17291,145],{"class":53},[39,17293,3478],{"class":3477},[39,17295,61],{"class":53},[39,17297,2920],{"class":243},[39,17299,14870],{"class":247},[39,17301,629],{"class":243},[39,17303,145],{"class":53},[39,17305,3478],{"class":3477},[39,17307,61],{"class":53},[39,17309,2920],{"class":243},[39,17311,17233],{"class":247},[39,17313,629],{"class":243},[39,17315,145],{"class":53},[39,17317,3478],{"class":3477},[39,17319,8921],{"class":53},[20,17321,17322],{},"This is useful when:",[147,17324,17325,17328,17331],{},[150,17326,17327],{},"You want to create the keys first",[150,17329,17330],{},"You plan to fill in the real values later",[150,17332,17333],{},"You need placeholder values during setup",[20,17335,515],{},[30,17337,17339],{"className":32,"code":17338,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fields = [\"username\", \"email\", \"password\"]\nuser_data = dict.fromkeys(fields)\n\nuser_data[\"username\"] = \"alice\"\nuser_data[\"email\"] = \"alice@example.com\"\n\nprint(user_data)\n",[15,17340,17341,17373,17391,17395,17418,17441,17445],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17342,17343,17345,17347,17349,17351,17353,17355,17357,17359,17361,17363,17365,17367,17369,17371],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17344,17208],{"class":45},[39,17346,50],{"class":49},[39,17348,3249],{"class":53},[39,17350,244],{"class":243},[39,17352,7602],{"class":247},[39,17354,244],{"class":243},[39,17356,61],{"class":53},[39,17358,255],{"class":243},[39,17360,14870],{"class":247},[39,17362,244],{"class":243},[39,17364,61],{"class":53},[39,17366,255],{"class":243},[39,17368,17233],{"class":247},[39,17370,244],{"class":243},[39,17372,3262],{"class":53},[39,17374,17375,17377,17379,17381,17383,17385,17387,17389],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,17376,17242],{"class":45},[39,17378,50],{"class":49},[39,17380,8783],{"class":2523},[39,17382,94],{"class":53},[39,17384,16896],{"class":97},[39,17386,101],{"class":53},[39,17388,17255],{"class":97},[39,17390,80],{"class":53},[39,17392,17393],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,17394,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,17396,17397,17399,17401,17403,17405,17407,17409,17411,17413,17416],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,17398,17270],{"class":45},[39,17400,3525],{"class":53},[39,17402,244],{"class":243},[39,17404,7602],{"class":247},[39,17406,244],{"class":243},[39,17408,12883],{"class":53},[39,17410,12886],{"class":49},[39,17412,255],{"class":243},[39,17414,17415],{"class":247},"alice",[39,17417,2983],{"class":243},[39,17419,17420,17422,17424,17426,17428,17430,17432,17434,17436,17439],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,17421,17270],{"class":45},[39,17423,3525],{"class":53},[39,17425,244],{"class":243},[39,17427,14870],{"class":247},[39,17429,244],{"class":243},[39,17431,12883],{"class":53},[39,17433,12886],{"class":49},[39,17435,255],{"class":243},[39,17437,17438],{"class":247},"alice@example.com",[39,17440,2983],{"class":243},[39,17442,17443],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,17444,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,17446,17447,17449,17451,17453],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,17448,113],{"class":112},[39,17450,101],{"class":53},[39,17452,17270],{"class":97},[39,17454,80],{"class":53},[20,17456,458],{},[30,17458,17460],{"className":32,"code":17459,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'username': 'alice', 'email': 'alice@example.com', 'password': None}\n",[15,17461,17462],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17463,17464,17466,17468,17470,17472,17474,17476,17478,17480,17482,17484,17486,17488,17490,17492,17494,17496,17498,17500,17502,17504,17506,17508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17465,8890],{"class":53},[39,17467,629],{"class":243},[39,17469,7602],{"class":247},[39,17471,629],{"class":243},[39,17473,145],{"class":53},[39,17475,2920],{"class":243},[39,17477,17415],{"class":247},[39,17479,629],{"class":243},[39,17481,61],{"class":53},[39,17483,2920],{"class":243},[39,17485,14870],{"class":247},[39,17487,629],{"class":243},[39,17489,145],{"class":53},[39,17491,2920],{"class":243},[39,17493,17438],{"class":247},[39,17495,629],{"class":243},[39,17497,61],{"class":53},[39,17499,2920],{"class":243},[39,17501,17233],{"class":247},[39,17503,629],{"class":243},[39,17505,145],{"class":53},[39,17507,3478],{"class":3477},[39,17509,8921],{"class":53},[20,17511,17512,17513,94],{},"If you want to add or change keys later, see ",[173,17514,17516],{"href":17515},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-a-key-to-a-dictionary-in-python","how to add a key to a dictionary in Python",[134,17518,17520],{"id":17519},"important-warning-about-mutable-values","Important warning about mutable values",[20,17522,17523],{},"Be careful when using a mutable value such as:",[147,17525,17526,17531,17536],{},[150,17527,17528,17530],{},[15,17529,3412],{}," (list)",[150,17532,17533,17535],{},[15,17534,3417],{}," (dictionary)",[150,17537,17538,17540],{},[15,17539,3422],{}," (set)",[20,17542,17543,17544,94],{},"All keys will point to the ",[3367,17545,17546],{},"same object",[223,17548,17550],{"id":17549},"example-of-the-problem","Example of the problem",[30,17552,17554],{"className":32,"code":17553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = dict.fromkeys(keys, [])\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17555,17556,17588,17609,17613,17635,17639],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17557,17558,17560,17562,17564,17566,17568,17570,17572,17574,17576,17578,17580,17582,17584,17586],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17559,16855],{"class":45},[39,17561,50],{"class":49},[39,17563,3249],{"class":53},[39,17565,244],{"class":243},[39,17567,173],{"class":247},[39,17569,244],{"class":243},[39,17571,61],{"class":53},[39,17573,255],{"class":243},[39,17575,1070],{"class":247},[39,17577,244],{"class":243},[39,17579,61],{"class":53},[39,17581,255],{"class":243},[39,17583,9352],{"class":247},[39,17585,244],{"class":243},[39,17587,3262],{"class":53},[39,17589,17590,17592,17594,17596,17598,17600,17602,17604,17606],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,17591,8778],{"class":45},[39,17593,50],{"class":49},[39,17595,8783],{"class":2523},[39,17597,94],{"class":53},[39,17599,16896],{"class":97},[39,17601,101],{"class":53},[39,17603,16536],{"class":97},[39,17605,61],{"class":53},[39,17607,17608],{"class":53}," [])\n",[39,17610,17611],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,17612,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,17614,17615,17617,17619,17621,17623,17625,17627,17629,17631,17633],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,17616,8817],{"class":45},[39,17618,3525],{"class":53},[39,17620,244],{"class":243},[39,17622,173],{"class":247},[39,17624,244],{"class":243},[39,17626,13160],{"class":53},[39,17628,13163],{"class":97},[39,17630,101],{"class":53},[39,17632,58],{"class":57},[39,17634,80],{"class":53},[39,17636,17637],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,17638,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,17640,17641,17643,17645,17647],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,17642,113],{"class":112},[39,17644,101],{"class":53},[39,17646,8817],{"class":97},[39,17648,80],{"class":53},[20,17650,458],{},[30,17652,17654],{"className":32,"code":17653,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1], 'c': [1]}\n",[15,17655,17656],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17657,17658,17660,17662,17664,17666,17668,17670,17672,17675,17677,17679,17681,17683,17685,17687,17689,17691,17693,17695,17697,17699,17701],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17659,8890],{"class":53},[39,17661,629],{"class":243},[39,17663,173],{"class":247},[39,17665,629],{"class":243},[39,17667,145],{"class":53},[39,17669,3249],{"class":53},[39,17671,58],{"class":57},[39,17673,17674],{"class":53},"],",[39,17676,2920],{"class":243},[39,17678,1070],{"class":247},[39,17680,629],{"class":243},[39,17682,145],{"class":53},[39,17684,3249],{"class":53},[39,17686,58],{"class":57},[39,17688,17674],{"class":53},[39,17690,2920],{"class":243},[39,17692,9352],{"class":247},[39,17694,629],{"class":243},[39,17696,145],{"class":53},[39,17698,3249],{"class":53},[39,17700,58],{"class":57},[39,17702,13316],{"class":53},[20,17704,17705,17706,17709],{},"Many beginners expect only ",[15,17707,17708],{},"\"a\""," to change, but all keys change because they share the same list.",[223,17711,17713],{"id":17712},"why-this-happens","Why this happens",[20,17715,17716,17719],{},[15,17717,17718],{},"dict.fromkeys(keys, [])"," creates one list object.",[20,17721,17722],{},"That same list is then used for every key.",[20,17724,17725],{},"So this:",[30,17727,17729],{"className":32,"code":17728,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data[\"a\"].append(1)\n",[15,17730,17731],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17732,17733,17735,17737,17739,17741,17743,17745,17747,17749,17751],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17734,8817],{"class":45},[39,17736,3525],{"class":53},[39,17738,244],{"class":243},[39,17740,173],{"class":247},[39,17742,244],{"class":243},[39,17744,13160],{"class":53},[39,17746,13163],{"class":97},[39,17748,101],{"class":53},[39,17750,58],{"class":57},[39,17752,80],{"class":53},[20,17754,17755,17756,94],{},"changes the shared list, not a separate list just for key ",[15,17757,17708],{},[223,17759,17761],{"id":17760},"the-better-way-when-each-key-needs-its-own-list","The better way when each key needs its own list",[20,17763,17764],{},"Use a dictionary comprehension:",[30,17766,17768],{"className":32,"code":17767,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n\ndata[\"a\"].append(1)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,17769,17770,17802,17829,17833,17855,17859],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17771,17772,17774,17776,17778,17780,17782,17784,17786,17788,17790,17792,17794,17796,17798,17800],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17773,16855],{"class":45},[39,17775,50],{"class":49},[39,17777,3249],{"class":53},[39,17779,244],{"class":243},[39,17781,173],{"class":247},[39,17783,244],{"class":243},[39,17785,61],{"class":53},[39,17787,255],{"class":243},[39,17789,1070],{"class":247},[39,17791,244],{"class":243},[39,17793,61],{"class":53},[39,17795,255],{"class":243},[39,17797,9352],{"class":247},[39,17799,244],{"class":243},[39,17801,3262],{"class":53},[39,17803,17804,17806,17808,17810,17812,17814,17817,17819,17822,17824,17827],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,17805,8778],{"class":45},[39,17807,50],{"class":49},[39,17809,10103],{"class":53},[39,17811,14452],{"class":45},[39,17813,145],{"class":53},[39,17815,17816],{"class":53}," []",[39,17818,3502],{"class":572},[39,17820,17821],{"class":45}," key ",[39,17823,1128],{"class":572},[39,17825,17826],{"class":45}," keys",[39,17828,8921],{"class":53},[39,17830,17831],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,17832,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,17834,17835,17837,17839,17841,17843,17845,17847,17849,17851,17853],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,17836,8817],{"class":45},[39,17838,3525],{"class":53},[39,17840,244],{"class":243},[39,17842,173],{"class":247},[39,17844,244],{"class":243},[39,17846,13160],{"class":53},[39,17848,13163],{"class":97},[39,17850,101],{"class":53},[39,17852,58],{"class":57},[39,17854,80],{"class":53},[39,17856,17857],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,17858,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,17860,17861,17863,17865,17867],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,17862,113],{"class":112},[39,17864,101],{"class":53},[39,17866,8817],{"class":97},[39,17868,80],{"class":53},[20,17870,458],{},[30,17872,17874],{"className":32,"code":17873,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': [1], 'b': [], 'c': []}\n",[15,17875,17876],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17877,17878,17880,17882,17884,17886,17888,17890,17892,17894,17896,17898,17900,17902,17905,17907,17909,17911,17913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17879,8890],{"class":53},[39,17881,629],{"class":243},[39,17883,173],{"class":247},[39,17885,629],{"class":243},[39,17887,145],{"class":53},[39,17889,3249],{"class":53},[39,17891,58],{"class":57},[39,17893,17674],{"class":53},[39,17895,2920],{"class":243},[39,17897,1070],{"class":247},[39,17899,629],{"class":243},[39,17901,145],{"class":53},[39,17903,17904],{"class":53}," [],",[39,17906,2920],{"class":243},[39,17908,9352],{"class":247},[39,17910,629],{"class":243},[39,17912,145],{"class":53},[39,17914,17915],{"class":53}," []}\n",[20,17917,17918],{},"Now each key has its own separate list.",[20,17920,17921],{},"This same rule applies if you want each key to have its own dictionary or set.",[134,17923,4584,17925],{"id":17924},"when-to-use-fromkeys",[15,17926,16831],{},[20,17928,17929,17931],{},[15,17930,16836],{}," is a good choice when:",[147,17933,17934,17937,17940],{},[150,17935,17936],{},"You want to quickly create a dictionary with known keys",[150,17938,17939],{},"Every key should start with the same simple value",[150,17941,17942],{},"You need default flags, counters, or placeholders",[20,17944,1749],{},[30,17946,17948],{"className":32,"code":17947,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"flags = dict.fromkeys([\"is_admin\", \"is_active\", \"is_verified\"], False)\nprint(flags)\n",[15,17949,17950,17995],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,17951,17952,17955,17957,17959,17961,17963,17965,17967,17970,17972,17974,17976,17978,17980,17982,17984,17987,17989,17991,17993],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,17953,17954],{"class":45},"flags ",[39,17956,50],{"class":49},[39,17958,8783],{"class":2523},[39,17960,94],{"class":53},[39,17962,16896],{"class":97},[39,17964,2608],{"class":53},[39,17966,244],{"class":243},[39,17968,17969],{"class":247},"is_admin",[39,17971,244],{"class":243},[39,17973,61],{"class":53},[39,17975,255],{"class":243},[39,17977,14690],{"class":247},[39,17979,244],{"class":243},[39,17981,61],{"class":53},[39,17983,255],{"class":243},[39,17985,17986],{"class":247},"is_verified",[39,17988,244],{"class":243},[39,17990,17674],{"class":53},[39,17992,3532],{"class":3477},[39,17994,80],{"class":53},[39,17996,17997,17999,18001,18004],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,17998,113],{"class":112},[39,18000,101],{"class":53},[39,18002,18003],{"class":97},"flags",[39,18005,80],{"class":53},[30,18007,18009],{"className":32,"code":18008,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = dict.fromkeys([\"math\", \"science\", \"history\"], 0)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,18010,18011,18056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18012,18013,18015,18017,18019,18021,18023,18025,18027,18030,18032,18034,18036,18039,18041,18043,18045,18048,18050,18052,18054],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18014,675],{"class":45},[39,18016,50],{"class":49},[39,18018,8783],{"class":2523},[39,18020,94],{"class":53},[39,18022,16896],{"class":97},[39,18024,2608],{"class":53},[39,18026,244],{"class":243},[39,18028,18029],{"class":247},"math",[39,18031,244],{"class":243},[39,18033,61],{"class":53},[39,18035,255],{"class":243},[39,18037,18038],{"class":247},"science",[39,18040,244],{"class":243},[39,18042,61],{"class":53},[39,18044,255],{"class":243},[39,18046,18047],{"class":247},"history",[39,18049,244],{"class":243},[39,18051,17674],{"class":53},[39,18053,3458],{"class":57},[39,18055,80],{"class":53},[39,18057,18058,18060,18062,18064],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18059,113],{"class":112},[39,18061,101],{"class":53},[39,18063,16001],{"class":97},[39,18065,80],{"class":53},[20,18067,18068,18069,18071],{},"It is ",[3367,18070,4254],{}," the best choice when:",[147,18073,18074,18077],{},[150,18075,18076],{},"Each key needs a different starting value",[150,18078,18079],{},"Each key needs its own new list or dictionary",[134,18081,18083,18085],{"id":18082},"fromkeys-vs-creating-a-dictionary-manually",[15,18084,16831],{}," vs creating a dictionary manually",[20,18087,18088,18090],{},[15,18089,16831],{}," is shorter when all keys share the same value.",[223,18092,948,18094],{"id":18093},"using-fromkeys",[15,18095,16831],{},[30,18097,18099],{"className":32,"code":18098,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = dict.fromkeys([\"sound\", \"music\", \"notifications\"], True)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18100,18101,18146],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18102,18103,18105,18107,18109,18111,18113,18115,18117,18120,18122,18124,18126,18129,18131,18133,18135,18138,18140,18142,18144],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18104,13436],{"class":45},[39,18106,50],{"class":49},[39,18108,8783],{"class":2523},[39,18110,94],{"class":53},[39,18112,16896],{"class":97},[39,18114,2608],{"class":53},[39,18116,244],{"class":243},[39,18118,18119],{"class":247},"sound",[39,18121,244],{"class":243},[39,18123,61],{"class":53},[39,18125,255],{"class":243},[39,18127,18128],{"class":247},"music",[39,18130,244],{"class":243},[39,18132,61],{"class":53},[39,18134,255],{"class":243},[39,18136,18137],{"class":247},"notifications",[39,18139,244],{"class":243},[39,18141,17674],{"class":53},[39,18143,3541],{"class":3477},[39,18145,80],{"class":53},[39,18147,18148,18150,18152,18154],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18149,113],{"class":112},[39,18151,101],{"class":53},[39,18153,13495],{"class":97},[39,18155,80],{"class":53},[223,18157,18159],{"id":18158},"creating-a-dictionary-manually","Creating a dictionary manually",[30,18161,18163],{"className":32,"code":18162,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\n    \"sound\": True,\n    \"music\": False,\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\nprint(settings)\n",[15,18164,18165,18173,18187,18201,18213,18217],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18166,18167,18169,18171],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18168,13436],{"class":45},[39,18170,50],{"class":49},[39,18172,11104],{"class":53},[39,18174,18175,18177,18179,18181,18183,18185],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18176,11109],{"class":243},[39,18178,18119],{"class":247},[39,18180,244],{"class":243},[39,18182,145],{"class":53},[39,18184,3541],{"class":3477},[39,18186,11125],{"class":53},[39,18188,18189,18191,18193,18195,18197,18199],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,18190,11109],{"class":243},[39,18192,18128],{"class":247},[39,18194,244],{"class":243},[39,18196,145],{"class":53},[39,18198,3532],{"class":3477},[39,18200,11125],{"class":53},[39,18202,18203,18205,18207,18209,18211],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,18204,11109],{"class":243},[39,18206,18137],{"class":247},[39,18208,244],{"class":243},[39,18210,145],{"class":53},[39,18212,6038],{"class":3477},[39,18214,18215],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,18216,8921],{"class":53},[39,18218,18219,18221,18223,18225],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,18220,113],{"class":112},[39,18222,101],{"class":53},[39,18224,13495],{"class":97},[39,18226,80],{"class":53},[20,18228,18229],{},"Manual creation is clearer when the values are different.",[223,18231,18233],{"id":18232},"using-a-comprehension-for-separate-mutable-values","Using a comprehension for separate mutable values",[30,18235,18237],{"className":32,"code":18236,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(data)\n",[15,18238,18239,18271,18295],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18240,18241,18243,18245,18247,18249,18251,18253,18255,18257,18259,18261,18263,18265,18267,18269],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18242,16855],{"class":45},[39,18244,50],{"class":49},[39,18246,3249],{"class":53},[39,18248,244],{"class":243},[39,18250,173],{"class":247},[39,18252,244],{"class":243},[39,18254,61],{"class":53},[39,18256,255],{"class":243},[39,18258,1070],{"class":247},[39,18260,244],{"class":243},[39,18262,61],{"class":53},[39,18264,255],{"class":243},[39,18266,9352],{"class":247},[39,18268,244],{"class":243},[39,18270,3262],{"class":53},[39,18272,18273,18275,18277,18279,18281,18283,18285,18287,18289,18291,18293],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18274,8778],{"class":45},[39,18276,50],{"class":49},[39,18278,10103],{"class":53},[39,18280,14452],{"class":45},[39,18282,145],{"class":53},[39,18284,17816],{"class":53},[39,18286,3502],{"class":572},[39,18288,17821],{"class":45},[39,18290,1128],{"class":572},[39,18292,17826],{"class":45},[39,18294,8921],{"class":53},[39,18296,18297,18299,18301,18303],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,18298,113],{"class":112},[39,18300,101],{"class":53},[39,18302,8817],{"class":97},[39,18304,80],{"class":53},[20,18306,18307],{},"Use:",[147,18309,18310,18315,18318],{},[150,18311,18312,18314],{},[15,18313,16831],{}," when one shared simple default makes sense",[150,18316,18317],{},"Manual dictionary creation when values differ",[150,18319,18320],{},"A comprehension when each key needs its own new list or dict",[20,18322,18323,18324,94],{},"If you later want to change several values at once, you may also want to learn the ",[173,18325,10350,18326,1533],{"href":13643},[15,18327,14565],{},[134,18329,944],{"id":943},[20,18331,14344,18332,94],{},[15,18333,16836],{},[223,18335,18337],{"id":18336},"using-a-mutable-default-value-by-mistake","Using a mutable default value by mistake",[30,18339,18341],{"className":32,"code":18340,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], [])\nd[\"a\"].append(1)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18342,18343,18376,18399],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18344,18345,18348,18350,18352,18354,18356,18358,18360,18362,18364,18366,18368,18370,18372,18374],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18346,18347],{"class":45},"d ",[39,18349,50],{"class":49},[39,18351,8783],{"class":2523},[39,18353,94],{"class":53},[39,18355,16896],{"class":97},[39,18357,2608],{"class":53},[39,18359,244],{"class":243},[39,18361,173],{"class":247},[39,18363,244],{"class":243},[39,18365,61],{"class":53},[39,18367,255],{"class":243},[39,18369,1070],{"class":247},[39,18371,244],{"class":243},[39,18373,17674],{"class":53},[39,18375,17608],{"class":53},[39,18377,18378,18381,18383,18385,18387,18389,18391,18393,18395,18397],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18379,18380],{"class":45},"d",[39,18382,3525],{"class":53},[39,18384,244],{"class":243},[39,18386,173],{"class":247},[39,18388,244],{"class":243},[39,18390,13160],{"class":53},[39,18392,13163],{"class":97},[39,18394,101],{"class":53},[39,18396,58],{"class":57},[39,18398,80],{"class":53},[39,18400,18401,18403,18405,18407],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,18402,113],{"class":112},[39,18404,101],{"class":53},[39,18406,18380],{"class":97},[39,18408,80],{"class":53},[20,18410,458],{},[30,18412,18414],{"className":32,"code":18413,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': [1], 'b': [1]}\n",[15,18415,18416],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18417,18418,18420,18422,18424,18426,18428,18430,18432,18434,18436,18438,18440,18442,18444,18446],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18419,8890],{"class":53},[39,18421,629],{"class":243},[39,18423,173],{"class":247},[39,18425,629],{"class":243},[39,18427,145],{"class":53},[39,18429,3249],{"class":53},[39,18431,58],{"class":57},[39,18433,17674],{"class":53},[39,18435,2920],{"class":243},[39,18437,1070],{"class":247},[39,18439,629],{"class":243},[39,18441,145],{"class":53},[39,18443,3249],{"class":53},[39,18445,58],{"class":57},[39,18447,13316],{"class":53},[20,18449,18450],{},"This happens because both keys share the same list.",[20,18452,18453],{},"Use this instead:",[30,18455,18457],{"className":32,"code":18456,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\"]\nd = {key: [] for key in keys}\nprint(d)\n",[15,18458,18459,18483,18507],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18460,18461,18463,18465,18467,18469,18471,18473,18475,18477,18479,18481],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18462,16855],{"class":45},[39,18464,50],{"class":49},[39,18466,3249],{"class":53},[39,18468,244],{"class":243},[39,18470,173],{"class":247},[39,18472,244],{"class":243},[39,18474,61],{"class":53},[39,18476,255],{"class":243},[39,18478,1070],{"class":247},[39,18480,244],{"class":243},[39,18482,3262],{"class":53},[39,18484,18485,18487,18489,18491,18493,18495,18497,18499,18501,18503,18505],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18486,18347],{"class":45},[39,18488,50],{"class":49},[39,18490,10103],{"class":53},[39,18492,14452],{"class":45},[39,18494,145],{"class":53},[39,18496,17816],{"class":53},[39,18498,3502],{"class":572},[39,18500,17821],{"class":45},[39,18502,1128],{"class":572},[39,18504,17826],{"class":45},[39,18506,8921],{"class":53},[39,18508,18509,18511,18513,18515],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,18510,113],{"class":112},[39,18512,101],{"class":53},[39,18514,18380],{"class":97},[39,18516,80],{"class":53},[223,18518,18520,18521,18523],{"id":18519},"trying-to-call-fromkeys-on-a-list","Trying to call ",[15,18522,16831],{}," on a list",[20,18525,18526],{},"Wrong idea:",[30,18528,18530],{"className":32,"code":18529,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[15,18531,18532,18564],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18533,18534,18536,18538,18540,18542,18544,18546,18548,18550,18552,18554,18556,18558,18560,18562],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18535,16855],{"class":45},[39,18537,50],{"class":49},[39,18539,3249],{"class":53},[39,18541,244],{"class":243},[39,18543,173],{"class":247},[39,18545,244],{"class":243},[39,18547,61],{"class":53},[39,18549,255],{"class":243},[39,18551,1070],{"class":247},[39,18553,244],{"class":243},[39,18555,61],{"class":53},[39,18557,255],{"class":243},[39,18559,9352],{"class":247},[39,18561,244],{"class":243},[39,18563,3262],{"class":53},[39,18565,18566],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18567,18568],{"class":124},"# keys.fromkeys(0)\n",[20,18570,18571,18573,18574,18576,18577,94],{},[15,18572,16831],{}," belongs to ",[15,18575,8433],{},", not ",[15,18578,7710],{},[20,18580,18581],{},"Correct usage:",[30,18583,18585],{"className":32,"code":18584,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nd = dict.fromkeys(keys, 0)\nprint(d)\n",[15,18586,18587,18619,18641],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18588,18589,18591,18593,18595,18597,18599,18601,18603,18605,18607,18609,18611,18613,18615,18617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18590,16855],{"class":45},[39,18592,50],{"class":49},[39,18594,3249],{"class":53},[39,18596,244],{"class":243},[39,18598,173],{"class":247},[39,18600,244],{"class":243},[39,18602,61],{"class":53},[39,18604,255],{"class":243},[39,18606,1070],{"class":247},[39,18608,244],{"class":243},[39,18610,61],{"class":53},[39,18612,255],{"class":243},[39,18614,9352],{"class":247},[39,18616,244],{"class":243},[39,18618,3262],{"class":53},[39,18620,18621,18623,18625,18627,18629,18631,18633,18635,18637,18639],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18622,18347],{"class":45},[39,18624,50],{"class":49},[39,18626,8783],{"class":2523},[39,18628,94],{"class":53},[39,18630,16896],{"class":97},[39,18632,101],{"class":53},[39,18634,16536],{"class":97},[39,18636,61],{"class":53},[39,18638,3458],{"class":57},[39,18640,80],{"class":53},[39,18642,18643,18645,18647,18649],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,18644,113],{"class":112},[39,18646,101],{"class":53},[39,18648,18380],{"class":97},[39,18650,80],{"class":53},[223,18652,1030,18654,18656],{"id":18653},"expecting-fromkeys-to-update-an-existing-dictionary",[15,18655,16831],{}," to update an existing dictionary",[20,18658,18659,18661],{},[15,18660,16836],{}," does not change an existing dictionary. It creates a new one.",[30,18663,18665],{"className":32,"code":18664,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"x\": 1}\nnew_dict = dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(new_dict)\n",[15,18666,18667,18687,18721,18725,18735],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18668,18669,18671,18673,18675,18677,18679,18681,18683,18685],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18670,11697],{"class":45},[39,18672,50],{"class":49},[39,18674,10103],{"class":53},[39,18676,244],{"class":243},[39,18678,1798],{"class":247},[39,18680,244],{"class":243},[39,18682,145],{"class":53},[39,18684,595],{"class":57},[39,18686,8921],{"class":53},[39,18688,18689,18691,18693,18695,18697,18699,18701,18703,18705,18707,18709,18711,18713,18715,18717,18719],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18690,12650],{"class":45},[39,18692,50],{"class":49},[39,18694,8783],{"class":2523},[39,18696,94],{"class":53},[39,18698,16896],{"class":97},[39,18700,2608],{"class":53},[39,18702,244],{"class":243},[39,18704,173],{"class":247},[39,18706,244],{"class":243},[39,18708,61],{"class":53},[39,18710,255],{"class":243},[39,18712,1070],{"class":247},[39,18714,244],{"class":243},[39,18716,17674],{"class":53},[39,18718,3458],{"class":57},[39,18720,80],{"class":53},[39,18722,18723],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,18724,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,18726,18727,18729,18731,18733],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,18728,113],{"class":112},[39,18730,101],{"class":53},[39,18732,11744],{"class":97},[39,18734,80],{"class":53},[39,18736,18737,18739,18741,18744],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,18738,113],{"class":112},[39,18740,101],{"class":53},[39,18742,18743],{"class":97},"new_dict",[39,18745,80],{"class":53},[20,18747,458],{},[30,18749,18751],{"className":32,"code":18750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'x': 1}\n{'a': 0, 'b': 0}\n",[15,18752,18753,18769],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18754,18755,18757,18759,18761,18763,18765,18767],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18756,8890],{"class":53},[39,18758,629],{"class":243},[39,18760,1798],{"class":247},[39,18762,629],{"class":243},[39,18764,145],{"class":53},[39,18766,595],{"class":57},[39,18768,8921],{"class":53},[39,18770,18771,18773,18775,18777,18779,18781,18783,18785,18787,18789,18791,18793,18795],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18772,8890],{"class":53},[39,18774,629],{"class":243},[39,18776,173],{"class":247},[39,18778,629],{"class":243},[39,18780,145],{"class":53},[39,18782,3458],{"class":57},[39,18784,61],{"class":53},[39,18786,2920],{"class":243},[39,18788,1070],{"class":247},[39,18790,629],{"class":243},[39,18792,145],{"class":53},[39,18794,3458],{"class":57},[39,18796,8921],{"class":53},[20,18798,18799,18800,94],{},"If you want to modify an existing dictionary, see the ",[173,18801,10350,18802,1533],{"href":13643},[15,18803,14565],{},[223,18805,18807,18808],{"id":18806},"forgetting-that-the-default-value-is-none","Forgetting that the default value is ",[15,18809,3403],{},[30,18811,18813],{"className":32,"code":18812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"d = dict.fromkeys([\"x\", \"y\"])\nprint(d)\n",[15,18814,18815,18845],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18816,18817,18819,18821,18823,18825,18827,18829,18831,18833,18835,18837,18839,18841,18843],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18818,18347],{"class":45},[39,18820,50],{"class":49},[39,18822,8783],{"class":2523},[39,18824,94],{"class":53},[39,18826,16896],{"class":97},[39,18828,2608],{"class":53},[39,18830,244],{"class":243},[39,18832,1798],{"class":247},[39,18834,244],{"class":243},[39,18836,61],{"class":53},[39,18838,255],{"class":243},[39,18840,11357],{"class":247},[39,18842,244],{"class":243},[39,18844,3513],{"class":53},[39,18846,18847,18849,18851,18853],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18848,113],{"class":112},[39,18850,101],{"class":53},[39,18852,18380],{"class":97},[39,18854,80],{"class":53},[20,18856,458],{},[30,18858,18860],{"className":32,"code":18859,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'x': None, 'y': None}\n",[15,18861,18862],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18863,18864,18866,18868,18870,18872,18874,18876,18878,18880,18882,18884,18886,18888],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18865,8890],{"class":53},[39,18867,629],{"class":243},[39,18869,1798],{"class":247},[39,18871,629],{"class":243},[39,18873,145],{"class":53},[39,18875,3478],{"class":3477},[39,18877,61],{"class":53},[39,18879,2920],{"class":243},[39,18881,11357],{"class":247},[39,18883,629],{"class":243},[39,18885,145],{"class":53},[39,18887,3478],{"class":3477},[39,18889,8921],{"class":53},[20,18891,18892,18893,94],{},"If you do not pass a second argument, every key gets ",[15,18894,3403],{},[134,18896,18898],{"id":18897},"useful-checks","Useful checks",[20,18900,18901,18902,18904],{},"You can run these small examples to understand how ",[15,18903,16831],{}," works.",[30,18906,18908],{"className":32,"code":18907,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(dict.fromkeys([\"a\", \"b\"], 0))\n",[15,18909,18910],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18911,18912,18914,18916,18918,18920,18922,18924,18926,18928,18930,18932,18934,18936,18938,18940,18942],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18913,113],{"class":112},[39,18915,101],{"class":53},[39,18917,8433],{"class":2523},[39,18919,94],{"class":53},[39,18921,16896],{"class":97},[39,18923,2608],{"class":53},[39,18925,244],{"class":243},[39,18927,173],{"class":247},[39,18929,244],{"class":243},[39,18931,61],{"class":53},[39,18933,255],{"class":243},[39,18935,1070],{"class":247},[39,18937,244],{"class":243},[39,18939,17674],{"class":53},[39,18941,3458],{"class":57},[39,18943,1026],{"class":53},[30,18945,18946],{"className":32,"code":18812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,18947,18948,18978],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18949,18950,18952,18954,18956,18958,18960,18962,18964,18966,18968,18970,18972,18974,18976],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18951,18347],{"class":45},[39,18953,50],{"class":49},[39,18955,8783],{"class":2523},[39,18957,94],{"class":53},[39,18959,16896],{"class":97},[39,18961,2608],{"class":53},[39,18963,244],{"class":243},[39,18965,1798],{"class":247},[39,18967,244],{"class":243},[39,18969,61],{"class":53},[39,18971,255],{"class":243},[39,18973,11357],{"class":247},[39,18975,244],{"class":243},[39,18977,3513],{"class":53},[39,18979,18980,18982,18984,18986],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,18981,113],{"class":112},[39,18983,101],{"class":53},[39,18985,18380],{"class":97},[39,18987,80],{"class":53},[30,18989,18990],{"className":32,"code":18340,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,18991,18992,19024,19046],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,18993,18994,18996,18998,19000,19002,19004,19006,19008,19010,19012,19014,19016,19018,19020,19022],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,18995,18347],{"class":45},[39,18997,50],{"class":49},[39,18999,8783],{"class":2523},[39,19001,94],{"class":53},[39,19003,16896],{"class":97},[39,19005,2608],{"class":53},[39,19007,244],{"class":243},[39,19009,173],{"class":247},[39,19011,244],{"class":243},[39,19013,61],{"class":53},[39,19015,255],{"class":243},[39,19017,1070],{"class":247},[39,19019,244],{"class":243},[39,19021,17674],{"class":53},[39,19023,17608],{"class":53},[39,19025,19026,19028,19030,19032,19034,19036,19038,19040,19042,19044],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,19027,18380],{"class":45},[39,19029,3525],{"class":53},[39,19031,244],{"class":243},[39,19033,173],{"class":247},[39,19035,244],{"class":243},[39,19037,13160],{"class":53},[39,19039,13163],{"class":97},[39,19041,101],{"class":53},[39,19043,58],{"class":57},[39,19045,80],{"class":53},[39,19047,19048,19050,19052,19054],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,19049,113],{"class":112},[39,19051,101],{"class":53},[39,19053,18380],{"class":97},[39,19055,80],{"class":53},[30,19057,19059],{"className":32,"code":19058,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(dict.fromkeys([1, 2, 3], \"value\")))\n",[15,19060,19061],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19062,19063,19065,19067,19069,19071,19073,19075,19077,19079,19081,19083,19085,19087,19089,19091,19093,19095,19097],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19064,113],{"class":112},[39,19066,101],{"class":53},[39,19068,2845],{"class":2523},[39,19070,101],{"class":53},[39,19072,8433],{"class":2523},[39,19074,94],{"class":53},[39,19076,16896],{"class":97},[39,19078,2608],{"class":53},[39,19080,58],{"class":57},[39,19082,61],{"class":53},[39,19084,64],{"class":57},[39,19086,61],{"class":53},[39,19088,73],{"class":57},[39,19090,17674],{"class":53},[39,19092,255],{"class":243},[39,19094,155],{"class":247},[39,19096,244],{"class":243},[39,19098,2534],{"class":53},[134,19100,1454],{"id":1453},[223,19102,1468,19104,19106],{"id":19103},"does-fromkeys-change-an-existing-dictionary",[15,19105,16831],{}," change an existing dictionary?",[20,19108,19109],{},"No. It creates and returns a new dictionary.",[223,19111,19113],{"id":19112},"what-value-is-used-if-i-do-not-pass-the-second-argument","What value is used if I do not pass the second argument?",[20,19115,19116,19117,94],{},"Each key gets ",[15,19118,3403],{},[223,19120,19122],{"id":19121},"can-i-use-a-list-as-the-default-value","Can I use a list as the default value?",[20,19124,19125],{},"Yes, but all keys will share the same list object.",[223,19127,19129],{"id":19128},"how-do-i-give-each-key-its-own-empty-list","How do I give each key its own empty list?",[20,19131,17764],{},[30,19133,19135],{"className":32,"code":19134,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\ndata = {key: [] for key in keys}\n",[15,19136,19137,19169],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19138,19139,19141,19143,19145,19147,19149,19151,19153,19155,19157,19159,19161,19163,19165,19167],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19140,16855],{"class":45},[39,19142,50],{"class":49},[39,19144,3249],{"class":53},[39,19146,244],{"class":243},[39,19148,173],{"class":247},[39,19150,244],{"class":243},[39,19152,61],{"class":53},[39,19154,255],{"class":243},[39,19156,1070],{"class":247},[39,19158,244],{"class":243},[39,19160,61],{"class":53},[39,19162,255],{"class":243},[39,19164,9352],{"class":247},[39,19166,244],{"class":243},[39,19168,3262],{"class":53},[39,19170,19171,19173,19175,19177,19179,19181,19183,19185,19187,19189,19191],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,19172,8778],{"class":45},[39,19174,50],{"class":49},[39,19176,10103],{"class":53},[39,19178,14452],{"class":45},[39,19180,145],{"class":53},[39,19182,17816],{"class":53},[39,19184,3502],{"class":572},[39,19186,17821],{"class":45},[39,19188,1128],{"class":572},[39,19190,17826],{"class":45},[39,19192,8921],{"class":53},[134,19194,1514],{"id":1513},[147,19196,19197,19201,19205,19209,19215],{},[150,19198,19199],{},[173,19200,10856],{"href":12638},[150,19202,19203],{},[173,19204,8768],{"href":12635},[150,19206,19207],{},[173,19208,10865],{"href":17515},[150,19210,19211],{},[173,19212,10350,19213,1533],{"href":13643},[15,19214,14565],{},[150,19216,19217],{},[173,19218,10350,19219,1533],{"href":14610},[15,19220,12388],{},[20,19222,128,19223,19225],{},[15,19224,16836],{}," when all keys should start with the same simple value. If each key needs its own separate list or dictionary, use a dictionary comprehension instead.",[1550,19227,19228],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":19230},[19231,19232,19234,19238,19239,19241,19246,19248,19255,19264,19265,19272],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":16936,"depth":83,"text":19233},"What dict.fromkeys() does",{"id":16980,"depth":83,"text":16981,"children":19235},[19236,19237],{"id":17007,"depth":109,"text":17008},{"id":17031,"depth":109,"text":17032},{"id":5402,"depth":83,"text":5403},{"id":17190,"depth":83,"text":19240},"Using fromkeys() without a value",{"id":17519,"depth":83,"text":17520,"children":19242},[19243,19244,19245],{"id":17549,"depth":109,"text":17550},{"id":17712,"depth":109,"text":17713},{"id":17760,"depth":109,"text":17761},{"id":17924,"depth":83,"text":19247},"When to use fromkeys()",{"id":18082,"depth":83,"text":19249,"children":19250},"fromkeys() vs creating a dictionary manually",[19251,19253,19254],{"id":18093,"depth":109,"text":19252},"Using fromkeys()",{"id":18158,"depth":109,"text":18159},{"id":18232,"depth":109,"text":18233},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":19256},[19257,19258,19260,19262],{"id":18336,"depth":109,"text":18337},{"id":18519,"depth":109,"text":19259},"Trying to call fromkeys() on a list",{"id":18653,"depth":109,"text":19261},"Expecting fromkeys() to update an existing dictionary",{"id":18806,"depth":109,"text":19263},"Forgetting that the default value is None",{"id":18897,"depth":83,"text":18898},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":19266},[19267,19269,19270,19271],{"id":19103,"depth":109,"text":19268},"Does fromkeys() change an existing dictionary?",{"id":19112,"depth":109,"text":19113},{"id":19121,"depth":109,"text":19122},{"id":19128,"depth":109,"text":19129},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary fromkeys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method",{"title":16823,"description":19273},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-fromkeys-method","2yJ4KIc9BK_9yVeJ8MeOaa9ypdRp2WVvVsnxvO7dWyw",{"id":19280,"title":19281,"body":19282,"description":21110,"extension":1587,"meta":21111,"navigation":420,"path":21112,"seo":21113,"stem":21114,"__hash__":21115},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method.md","Python Dictionary get() Method",{"type":7,"value":19283,"toc":21077},[19284,19289,19295,19306,19436,19443,19448,19452,19468,19470,19568,19570,19587,19591,19593,19598,19636,19639,19657,19659,19777,19782,19786,19802,19805,19941,19944,19949,19955,19958,19995,19998,20002,20007,20083,20087,20092,20174,20176,20192,20197,20201,20207,20276,20279,20296,20299,20381,20387,20390,20410,20414,20419,20425,20431,20502,20505,20511,20514,20588,20595,20601,20609,20619,20621,20716,20722,20727,20813,20819,20821,20826,20848,20851,20946,20949,20980,20993,20995,21003,21009,21015,21018,21024,21029,21036,21041,21043,21074],[10,19285,10932,19287,18],{"id":19286},"python-dictionary-get-method",[15,19288,10353],{},[20,19290,19291,19292,19294],{},"The dictionary ",[15,19293,10353],{}," method lets you safely read a value from a dictionary.",[20,19296,19297,19298,1814,19301,476,19303,19305],{},"It is useful when a key might be missing. Instead of crashing with a ",[15,19299,19300],{},"KeyError",[15,19302,10353],{},[15,19304,3403],{}," by default, or a custom fallback value if you provide one.",[30,19307,19309],{"className":32,"code":19308,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.get(\"name\"))           # Ana\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))           # None\nprint(person.get(\"city\", \"N\u002FA\"))    # N\u002FA\n",[15,19310,19311,19347,19351,19377,19402],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19312,19313,19315,19317,19319,19321,19323,19325,19327,19329,19331,19333,19335,19337,19339,19341,19343,19345],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19314,12814],{"class":45},[39,19316,50],{"class":49},[39,19318,10103],{"class":53},[39,19320,244],{"class":243},[39,19322,7285],{"class":247},[39,19324,244],{"class":243},[39,19326,145],{"class":53},[39,19328,255],{"class":243},[39,19330,12492],{"class":247},[39,19332,244],{"class":243},[39,19334,61],{"class":53},[39,19336,255],{"class":243},[39,19338,8911],{"class":247},[39,19340,244],{"class":243},[39,19342,145],{"class":53},[39,19344,8918],{"class":57},[39,19346,8921],{"class":53},[39,19348,19349],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,19350,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,19352,19353,19355,19357,19359,19361,19364,19366,19368,19370,19372,19374],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,19354,113],{"class":112},[39,19356,101],{"class":53},[39,19358,16920],{"class":97},[39,19360,94],{"class":53},[39,19362,19363],{"class":97},"get",[39,19365,101],{"class":53},[39,19367,244],{"class":243},[39,19369,7285],{"class":247},[39,19371,244],{"class":243},[39,19373,303],{"class":53},[39,19375,19376],{"class":124},"           # Ana\n",[39,19378,19379,19381,19383,19385,19387,19389,19391,19393,19395,19397,19399],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,19380,113],{"class":112},[39,19382,101],{"class":53},[39,19384,16920],{"class":97},[39,19386,94],{"class":53},[39,19388,19363],{"class":97},[39,19390,101],{"class":53},[39,19392,244],{"class":243},[39,19394,10021],{"class":247},[39,19396,244],{"class":243},[39,19398,303],{"class":53},[39,19400,19401],{"class":124},"           # None\n",[39,19403,19404,19406,19408,19410,19412,19414,19416,19418,19420,19422,19424,19426,19429,19431,19433],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,19405,113],{"class":112},[39,19407,101],{"class":53},[39,19409,16920],{"class":97},[39,19411,94],{"class":53},[39,19413,19363],{"class":97},[39,19415,101],{"class":53},[39,19417,244],{"class":243},[39,19419,10021],{"class":247},[39,19421,244],{"class":243},[39,19423,61],{"class":53},[39,19425,255],{"class":243},[39,19427,19428],{"class":247},"N\u002FA",[39,19430,244],{"class":243},[39,19432,303],{"class":53},[39,19434,19435],{"class":124},"    # N\u002FA\n",[20,19437,128,19438,19440,19441,94],{},[15,19439,10353],{}," when a dictionary key may be missing and you want a safe result instead of a ",[15,19442,19300],{},[134,19444,137,19446,140],{"id":19445},"what-get-does",[15,19447,10353],{},[20,19449,1604,19450,11026],{},[15,19451,10353],{},[147,19453,19454,19457,19462,19465],{},[150,19455,19456],{},"Returns the value for a given key",[150,19458,494,19459,19461],{},[15,19460,3403],{}," if the key does not exist",[150,19463,19464],{},"Can return a custom default value instead",[150,19466,19467],{},"Works on dictionary objects only",[20,19469,515],{},[30,19471,19473],{"className":32,"code":19472,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Lina\", \"grade\": 90}\n\nprint(student.get(\"name\"))     # Lina\nprint(student.get(\"email\"))    # None\n",[15,19474,19475,19514,19518,19543],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19476,19477,19479,19481,19483,19485,19487,19489,19491,19493,19496,19498,19500,19502,19505,19507,19509,19512],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19478,12475],{"class":45},[39,19480,50],{"class":49},[39,19482,10103],{"class":53},[39,19484,244],{"class":243},[39,19486,7285],{"class":247},[39,19488,244],{"class":243},[39,19490,145],{"class":53},[39,19492,255],{"class":243},[39,19494,19495],{"class":247},"Lina",[39,19497,244],{"class":243},[39,19499,61],{"class":53},[39,19501,255],{"class":243},[39,19503,19504],{"class":247},"grade",[39,19506,244],{"class":243},[39,19508,145],{"class":53},[39,19510,19511],{"class":57}," 90",[39,19513,8921],{"class":53},[39,19515,19516],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,19517,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,19519,19520,19522,19524,19526,19528,19530,19532,19534,19536,19538,19540],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,19521,113],{"class":112},[39,19523,101],{"class":53},[39,19525,13236],{"class":97},[39,19527,94],{"class":53},[39,19529,19363],{"class":97},[39,19531,101],{"class":53},[39,19533,244],{"class":243},[39,19535,7285],{"class":247},[39,19537,244],{"class":243},[39,19539,303],{"class":53},[39,19541,19542],{"class":124},"     # Lina\n",[39,19544,19545,19547,19549,19551,19553,19555,19557,19559,19561,19563,19565],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,19546,113],{"class":112},[39,19548,101],{"class":53},[39,19550,13236],{"class":97},[39,19552,94],{"class":53},[39,19554,19363],{"class":97},[39,19556,101],{"class":53},[39,19558,244],{"class":243},[39,19560,14870],{"class":247},[39,19562,244],{"class":243},[39,19564,303],{"class":53},[39,19566,19567],{"class":124},"    # None\n",[20,19569,335],{},[147,19571,19572,19577],{},[150,19573,19574,19576],{},[15,19575,14851],{}," exists, so its value is returned",[150,19578,19579,19582,19583,476,19585],{},[15,19580,19581],{},"\"email\""," does not exist, so ",[15,19584,10353],{},[15,19586,3403],{},[20,19588,12632,19589,94],{},[173,19590,8768],{"href":8767},[134,19592,1781],{"id":1780},[20,19594,19595,19596,145],{},"There are two common forms of ",[15,19597,10353],{},[30,19599,19601],{"className":32,"code":19600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dictionary.get(key)\ndictionary.get(key, default_value)\n",[15,19602,19603,19617],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19604,19605,19607,19609,19611,19613,19615],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19606,15216],{"class":45},[39,19608,94],{"class":53},[39,19610,19363],{"class":97},[39,19612,101],{"class":53},[39,19614,14452],{"class":97},[39,19616,80],{"class":53},[39,19618,19619,19621,19623,19625,19627,19629,19631,19634],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,19620,15216],{"class":45},[39,19622,94],{"class":53},[39,19624,19363],{"class":97},[39,19626,101],{"class":53},[39,19628,14452],{"class":97},[39,19630,61],{"class":53},[39,19632,19633],{"class":97}," default_value",[39,19635,80],{"class":53},[20,19637,19638],{},"What each part means:",[147,19640,19641,19646,19652],{},[150,19642,19643,19645],{},[15,19644,14452],{}," is the dictionary key you want to look up",[150,19647,19648,19651],{},[15,19649,19650],{},"default_value"," is optional",[150,19653,19654,19655],{},"If you do not provide a default, Python uses ",[15,19656,3403],{},[20,19658,515],{},[30,19660,19662],{"className":32,"code":19661,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\"theme\": \"dark\"}\n\nprint(settings.get(\"theme\"))            # dark\nprint(settings.get(\"language\"))         # None\nprint(settings.get(\"language\", \"en\"))   # en\n",[15,19663,19664,19688,19692,19717,19743],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19665,19666,19668,19670,19672,19674,19676,19678,19680,19682,19684,19686],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19667,13436],{"class":45},[39,19669,50],{"class":49},[39,19671,10103],{"class":53},[39,19673,244],{"class":243},[39,19675,12106],{"class":247},[39,19677,244],{"class":243},[39,19679,145],{"class":53},[39,19681,255],{"class":243},[39,19683,12115],{"class":247},[39,19685,244],{"class":243},[39,19687,8921],{"class":53},[39,19689,19690],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,19691,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,19693,19694,19696,19698,19700,19702,19704,19706,19708,19710,19712,19714],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,19695,113],{"class":112},[39,19697,101],{"class":53},[39,19699,13495],{"class":97},[39,19701,94],{"class":53},[39,19703,19363],{"class":97},[39,19705,101],{"class":53},[39,19707,244],{"class":243},[39,19709,12106],{"class":247},[39,19711,244],{"class":243},[39,19713,303],{"class":53},[39,19715,19716],{"class":124},"            # dark\n",[39,19718,19719,19721,19723,19725,19727,19729,19731,19733,19736,19738,19740],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,19720,113],{"class":112},[39,19722,101],{"class":53},[39,19724,13495],{"class":97},[39,19726,94],{"class":53},[39,19728,19363],{"class":97},[39,19730,101],{"class":53},[39,19732,244],{"class":243},[39,19734,19735],{"class":247},"language",[39,19737,244],{"class":243},[39,19739,303],{"class":53},[39,19741,19742],{"class":124},"         # None\n",[39,19744,19745,19747,19749,19751,19753,19755,19757,19759,19761,19763,19765,19767,19770,19772,19774],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,19746,113],{"class":112},[39,19748,101],{"class":53},[39,19750,13495],{"class":97},[39,19752,94],{"class":53},[39,19754,19363],{"class":97},[39,19756,101],{"class":53},[39,19758,244],{"class":243},[39,19760,19735],{"class":247},[39,19762,244],{"class":243},[39,19764,61],{"class":53},[39,19766,255],{"class":243},[39,19768,19769],{"class":247},"en",[39,19771,244],{"class":243},[39,19773,303],{"class":53},[39,19775,19776],{"class":124},"   # en\n",[134,19778,4584,19780],{"id":19779},"when-to-use-get",[15,19781,10353],{},[20,19783,128,19784,10214],{},[15,19785,10353],{},[147,19787,19788,19791,19796,19799],{},[150,19789,19790],{},"A key might not exist",[150,19792,19793,19794],{},"You want to avoid ",[15,19795,19300],{},[150,19797,19798],{},"You are reading optional data",[150,19800,19801],{},"You are working with JSON, user input, or config data",[20,19803,19804],{},"Example with optional user data:",[30,19806,19808],{"className":32,"code":19807,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\"username\": \"sam\", \"email\": \"sam@example.com\"}\n\nprint(user.get(\"username\"))              # sam\nprint(user.get(\"phone\"))                 # None\nprint(user.get(\"phone\", \"Not provided\")) # Not provided\n",[15,19809,19810,19852,19856,19881,19907],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19811,19812,19814,19816,19818,19820,19822,19824,19826,19828,19831,19833,19835,19837,19839,19841,19843,19845,19848,19850],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19813,11099],{"class":45},[39,19815,50],{"class":49},[39,19817,10103],{"class":53},[39,19819,244],{"class":243},[39,19821,7602],{"class":247},[39,19823,244],{"class":243},[39,19825,145],{"class":53},[39,19827,255],{"class":243},[39,19829,19830],{"class":247},"sam",[39,19832,244],{"class":243},[39,19834,61],{"class":53},[39,19836,255],{"class":243},[39,19838,14870],{"class":247},[39,19840,244],{"class":243},[39,19842,145],{"class":53},[39,19844,255],{"class":243},[39,19846,19847],{"class":247},"sam@example.com",[39,19849,244],{"class":243},[39,19851,8921],{"class":53},[39,19853,19854],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,19855,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,19857,19858,19860,19862,19864,19866,19868,19870,19872,19874,19876,19878],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,19859,113],{"class":112},[39,19861,101],{"class":53},[39,19863,11193],{"class":97},[39,19865,94],{"class":53},[39,19867,19363],{"class":97},[39,19869,101],{"class":53},[39,19871,244],{"class":243},[39,19873,7602],{"class":247},[39,19875,244],{"class":243},[39,19877,303],{"class":53},[39,19879,19880],{"class":124},"              # sam\n",[39,19882,19883,19885,19887,19889,19891,19893,19895,19897,19900,19902,19904],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,19884,113],{"class":112},[39,19886,101],{"class":53},[39,19888,11193],{"class":97},[39,19890,94],{"class":53},[39,19892,19363],{"class":97},[39,19894,101],{"class":53},[39,19896,244],{"class":243},[39,19898,19899],{"class":247},"phone",[39,19901,244],{"class":243},[39,19903,303],{"class":53},[39,19905,19906],{"class":124},"                 # None\n",[39,19908,19909,19911,19913,19915,19917,19919,19921,19923,19925,19927,19929,19931,19934,19936,19938],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,19910,113],{"class":112},[39,19912,101],{"class":53},[39,19914,11193],{"class":97},[39,19916,94],{"class":53},[39,19918,19363],{"class":97},[39,19920,101],{"class":53},[39,19922,244],{"class":243},[39,19924,19899],{"class":247},[39,19926,244],{"class":243},[39,19928,61],{"class":53},[39,19930,255],{"class":243},[39,19932,19933],{"class":247},"Not provided",[39,19935,244],{"class":243},[39,19937,303],{"class":53},[39,19939,19940],{"class":124}," # Not provided\n",[20,19942,19943],{},"This is common when some fields are optional.",[20,19945,19946,19947,94],{},"If you want more help with reading dictionary values, see ",[173,19948,16210],{"href":16209},[134,19950,19952,19954],{"id":19951},"get-vs-square-brackets",[15,19953,10353],{}," vs square brackets",[20,19956,19957],{},"You can access dictionary values in two common ways:",[30,19959,19961],{"className":32,"code":19960,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data[\"key\"]\ndata.get(\"key\")\n",[15,19962,19963,19977],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,19964,19965,19967,19969,19971,19973,19975],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,19966,8817],{"class":45},[39,19968,3525],{"class":53},[39,19970,244],{"class":243},[39,19972,14452],{"class":247},[39,19974,244],{"class":243},[39,19976,3262],{"class":53},[39,19978,19979,19981,19983,19985,19987,19989,19991,19993],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,19980,8817],{"class":45},[39,19982,94],{"class":53},[39,19984,19363],{"class":97},[39,19986,101],{"class":53},[39,19988,244],{"class":243},[39,19990,14452],{"class":247},[39,19992,244],{"class":243},[39,19994,80],{"class":53},[20,19996,19997],{},"The difference is important.",[223,19999,20001],{"id":20000},"square-brackets","Square brackets",[20,20003,20004,20005,94],{},"Square brackets are strict. If the key is missing, Python raises a ",[15,20006,19300],{},[30,20008,20010],{"className":32,"code":20009,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data[\"name\"])   # Ana\nprint(data[\"city\"])   # KeyError\n",[15,20011,20012,20036,20040,20062],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20013,20014,20016,20018,20020,20022,20024,20026,20028,20030,20032,20034],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20015,8778],{"class":45},[39,20017,50],{"class":49},[39,20019,10103],{"class":53},[39,20021,244],{"class":243},[39,20023,7285],{"class":247},[39,20025,244],{"class":243},[39,20027,145],{"class":53},[39,20029,255],{"class":243},[39,20031,12492],{"class":247},[39,20033,244],{"class":243},[39,20035,8921],{"class":53},[39,20037,20038],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20039,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,20041,20042,20044,20046,20048,20050,20052,20054,20056,20059],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20043,113],{"class":112},[39,20045,101],{"class":53},[39,20047,8817],{"class":97},[39,20049,3525],{"class":53},[39,20051,244],{"class":243},[39,20053,7285],{"class":247},[39,20055,244],{"class":243},[39,20057,20058],{"class":53},"])",[39,20060,20061],{"class":124},"   # Ana\n",[39,20063,20064,20066,20068,20070,20072,20074,20076,20078,20080],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,20065,113],{"class":112},[39,20067,101],{"class":53},[39,20069,8817],{"class":97},[39,20071,3525],{"class":53},[39,20073,244],{"class":243},[39,20075,10021],{"class":247},[39,20077,244],{"class":243},[39,20079,20058],{"class":53},[39,20081,20082],{"class":124},"   # KeyError\n",[223,20084,20085],{"id":19363},[15,20086,10353],{},[20,20088,20089,20091],{},[15,20090,10353],{}," is safe for missing keys.",[30,20093,20095],{"className":32,"code":20094,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(data.get(\"name\"))   # Ana\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))   # None\n",[15,20096,20097,20121,20125,20149],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20098,20099,20101,20103,20105,20107,20109,20111,20113,20115,20117,20119],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20100,8778],{"class":45},[39,20102,50],{"class":49},[39,20104,10103],{"class":53},[39,20106,244],{"class":243},[39,20108,7285],{"class":247},[39,20110,244],{"class":243},[39,20112,145],{"class":53},[39,20114,255],{"class":243},[39,20116,12492],{"class":247},[39,20118,244],{"class":243},[39,20120,8921],{"class":53},[39,20122,20123],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20124,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,20126,20127,20129,20131,20133,20135,20137,20139,20141,20143,20145,20147],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20128,113],{"class":112},[39,20130,101],{"class":53},[39,20132,8817],{"class":97},[39,20134,94],{"class":53},[39,20136,19363],{"class":97},[39,20138,101],{"class":53},[39,20140,244],{"class":243},[39,20142,7285],{"class":247},[39,20144,244],{"class":243},[39,20146,303],{"class":53},[39,20148,20061],{"class":124},[39,20150,20151,20153,20155,20157,20159,20161,20163,20165,20167,20169,20171],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,20152,113],{"class":112},[39,20154,101],{"class":53},[39,20156,8817],{"class":97},[39,20158,94],{"class":53},[39,20160,19363],{"class":97},[39,20162,101],{"class":53},[39,20164,244],{"class":243},[39,20166,10021],{"class":247},[39,20168,244],{"class":243},[39,20170,303],{"class":53},[39,20172,20173],{"class":124},"   # None\n",[20,20175,18307],{},[147,20177,20178,20184],{},[150,20179,20180,20181],{},"Square brackets when the key ",[3367,20182,20183],{},"must exist",[150,20185,20186,20188,20189],{},[15,20187,10353],{}," when the key is ",[3367,20190,20191],{},"optional",[20,20193,20194,20195,94],{},"If you are seeing crashes from missing keys, read ",[173,20196,10876],{"href":10687},[134,20198,20200],{"id":20199},"using-a-default-value","Using a default value",[20,20202,20203,20204,20206],{},"You can pass a second argument to ",[15,20205,10353],{}," to choose what should be returned if the key is missing.",[30,20208,20210],{"className":32,"code":20209,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"profile = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(profile.get(\"country\", \"Unknown\"))  # Unknown\n",[15,20211,20212,20237,20241],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20213,20214,20217,20219,20221,20223,20225,20227,20229,20231,20233,20235],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20215,20216],{"class":45},"profile ",[39,20218,50],{"class":49},[39,20220,10103],{"class":53},[39,20222,244],{"class":243},[39,20224,7285],{"class":247},[39,20226,244],{"class":243},[39,20228,145],{"class":53},[39,20230,255],{"class":243},[39,20232,7538],{"class":247},[39,20234,244],{"class":243},[39,20236,8921],{"class":53},[39,20238,20239],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20240,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,20242,20243,20245,20247,20250,20252,20254,20256,20258,20260,20262,20264,20266,20269,20271,20273],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20244,113],{"class":112},[39,20246,101],{"class":53},[39,20248,20249],{"class":97},"profile",[39,20251,94],{"class":53},[39,20253,19363],{"class":97},[39,20255,101],{"class":53},[39,20257,244],{"class":243},[39,20259,14873],{"class":247},[39,20261,244],{"class":243},[39,20263,61],{"class":53},[39,20265,255],{"class":243},[39,20267,20268],{"class":247},"Unknown",[39,20270,244],{"class":243},[39,20272,303],{"class":53},[39,20274,20275],{"class":124},"  # Unknown\n",[20,20277,20278],{},"This is useful for display text:",[147,20280,20281,20286,20291],{},[150,20282,20283],{},[15,20284,20285],{},"\"Unknown\"",[150,20287,20288],{},[15,20289,20290],{},"\"Not set\"",[150,20292,20293],{},[15,20294,20295],{},"\"N\u002FA\"",[20,20297,20298],{},"It is also useful in calculations:",[30,20300,20302],{"className":32,"code":20301,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"math\": 10, \"science\": 8}\n\ntotal_history = scores.get(\"history\", 0)\nprint(total_history)   # 0\n",[15,20303,20304,20336,20340,20367],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20305,20306,20308,20310,20312,20314,20316,20318,20320,20322,20324,20326,20328,20330,20332,20334],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20307,675],{"class":45},[39,20309,50],{"class":49},[39,20311,10103],{"class":53},[39,20313,244],{"class":243},[39,20315,18029],{"class":247},[39,20317,244],{"class":243},[39,20319,145],{"class":53},[39,20321,692],{"class":57},[39,20323,61],{"class":53},[39,20325,255],{"class":243},[39,20327,18038],{"class":247},[39,20329,244],{"class":243},[39,20331,145],{"class":53},[39,20333,5975],{"class":57},[39,20335,8921],{"class":53},[39,20337,20338],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20339,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,20341,20342,20345,20347,20349,20351,20353,20355,20357,20359,20361,20363,20365],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20343,20344],{"class":45},"total_history ",[39,20346,50],{"class":49},[39,20348,714],{"class":45},[39,20350,94],{"class":53},[39,20352,19363],{"class":97},[39,20354,101],{"class":53},[39,20356,244],{"class":243},[39,20358,18047],{"class":247},[39,20360,244],{"class":243},[39,20362,61],{"class":53},[39,20364,3458],{"class":57},[39,20366,80],{"class":53},[39,20368,20369,20371,20373,20376,20378],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,20370,113],{"class":112},[39,20372,101],{"class":53},[39,20374,20375],{"class":97},"total_history",[39,20377,121],{"class":53},[39,20379,20380],{"class":124},"   # 0\n",[20,20382,20383,20384,20386],{},"Here, ",[15,20385,221],{}," is a good default because the code expects a number.",[20,20388,20389],{},"Try to choose a default value that matches the type you expect:",[147,20391,20392,20395,20400,20405],{},[150,20393,20394],{},"Use a string for text",[150,20396,128,20397,20399],{},[15,20398,221],{}," for numbers",[150,20401,128,20402,20404],{},[15,20403,3412],{}," for lists if needed",[150,20406,128,20407,20409],{},[15,20408,3417],{}," for dictionaries if needed",[134,20411,20413],{"id":20412},"important-beginner-notes","Important beginner notes",[20,20415,20416,20417,94],{},"There are a few things beginners often miss about ",[15,20418,10353],{},[223,20420,20422,20424],{"id":20421},"get-does-not-add-a-missing-key",[15,20423,10353],{}," does not add a missing key",[20,20426,20427,20428,20430],{},"This code does ",[3367,20429,4254],{}," create a new key:",[30,20432,20434],{"className":32,"code":20433,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nprint(person.get(\"city\"))  # None\nprint(person)              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,20435,20436,20460,20464,20489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20437,20438,20440,20442,20444,20446,20448,20450,20452,20454,20456,20458],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20439,12814],{"class":45},[39,20441,50],{"class":49},[39,20443,10103],{"class":53},[39,20445,244],{"class":243},[39,20447,7285],{"class":247},[39,20449,244],{"class":243},[39,20451,145],{"class":53},[39,20453,255],{"class":243},[39,20455,12492],{"class":247},[39,20457,244],{"class":243},[39,20459,8921],{"class":53},[39,20461,20462],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20463,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,20465,20466,20468,20470,20472,20474,20476,20478,20480,20482,20484,20486],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20467,113],{"class":112},[39,20469,101],{"class":53},[39,20471,16920],{"class":97},[39,20473,94],{"class":53},[39,20475,19363],{"class":97},[39,20477,101],{"class":53},[39,20479,244],{"class":243},[39,20481,10021],{"class":247},[39,20483,244],{"class":243},[39,20485,303],{"class":53},[39,20487,20488],{"class":124},"  # None\n",[39,20490,20491,20493,20495,20497,20499],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,20492,113],{"class":112},[39,20494,101],{"class":53},[39,20496,16920],{"class":97},[39,20498,121],{"class":53},[39,20500,20501],{"class":124},"              # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[20,20503,20504],{},"The dictionary stays the same.",[223,20506,20508,20510],{"id":20507},"get-does-not-change-the-dictionary",[15,20509,10353],{}," does not change the dictionary",[20,20512,20513],{},"It only reads a value safely.",[30,20515,20517],{"className":32,"code":20516,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\"mode\": \"light\"}\n\nsettings.get(\"theme\", \"dark\")\nprint(settings)   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[15,20518,20519,20545,20549,20575],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20520,20521,20523,20525,20527,20529,20532,20534,20536,20538,20541,20543],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20522,13436],{"class":45},[39,20524,50],{"class":49},[39,20526,10103],{"class":53},[39,20528,244],{"class":243},[39,20530,20531],{"class":247},"mode",[39,20533,244],{"class":243},[39,20535,145],{"class":53},[39,20537,255],{"class":243},[39,20539,20540],{"class":247},"light",[39,20542,244],{"class":243},[39,20544,8921],{"class":53},[39,20546,20547],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20548,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,20550,20551,20553,20555,20557,20559,20561,20563,20565,20567,20569,20571,20573],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20552,13495],{"class":45},[39,20554,94],{"class":53},[39,20556,19363],{"class":97},[39,20558,101],{"class":53},[39,20560,244],{"class":243},[39,20562,12106],{"class":247},[39,20564,244],{"class":243},[39,20566,61],{"class":53},[39,20568,255],{"class":243},[39,20570,12115],{"class":247},[39,20572,244],{"class":243},[39,20574,80],{"class":53},[39,20576,20577,20579,20581,20583,20585],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,20578,113],{"class":112},[39,20580,101],{"class":53},[39,20582,13495],{"class":97},[39,20584,121],{"class":53},[39,20586,20587],{"class":124},"   # {'mode': 'light'}\n",[20,20589,20590,20591,20594],{},"Even though ",[15,20592,20593],{},"\"dark\""," was returned as a default, it was not saved into the dictionary.",[223,20596,20598,20599],{"id":20597},"a-stored-value-can-also-be-none","A stored value can also be ",[15,20600,3403],{},[20,20602,20603,20604,476,20606,20608],{},"Sometimes ",[15,20605,10353],{},[15,20607,3403],{}," because:",[147,20610,20611,20614],{},[150,20612,20613],{},"The key is missing, or",[150,20615,20616,20617],{},"The key exists and its value is actually ",[15,20618,3403],{},[20,20620,515],{},[30,20622,20624],{"className":32,"code":20623,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(data.get(\"nickname\"))  # None\nprint(data.get(\"city\"))      # None\n",[15,20625,20626,20663,20667,20691],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20627,20628,20630,20632,20634,20636,20638,20640,20642,20644,20646,20648,20650,20652,20655,20657,20659,20661],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20629,8778],{"class":45},[39,20631,50],{"class":49},[39,20633,10103],{"class":53},[39,20635,244],{"class":243},[39,20637,7285],{"class":247},[39,20639,244],{"class":243},[39,20641,145],{"class":53},[39,20643,255],{"class":243},[39,20645,12492],{"class":247},[39,20647,244],{"class":243},[39,20649,61],{"class":53},[39,20651,255],{"class":243},[39,20653,20654],{"class":247},"nickname",[39,20656,244],{"class":243},[39,20658,145],{"class":53},[39,20660,3478],{"class":3477},[39,20662,8921],{"class":53},[39,20664,20665],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20666,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,20668,20669,20671,20673,20675,20677,20679,20681,20683,20685,20687,20689],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20670,113],{"class":112},[39,20672,101],{"class":53},[39,20674,8817],{"class":97},[39,20676,94],{"class":53},[39,20678,19363],{"class":97},[39,20680,101],{"class":53},[39,20682,244],{"class":243},[39,20684,20654],{"class":247},[39,20686,244],{"class":243},[39,20688,303],{"class":53},[39,20690,20488],{"class":124},[39,20692,20693,20695,20697,20699,20701,20703,20705,20707,20709,20711,20713],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,20694,113],{"class":112},[39,20696,101],{"class":53},[39,20698,8817],{"class":97},[39,20700,94],{"class":53},[39,20702,19363],{"class":97},[39,20704,101],{"class":53},[39,20706,244],{"class":243},[39,20708,10021],{"class":247},[39,20710,244],{"class":243},[39,20712,303],{"class":53},[39,20714,20715],{"class":124},"      # None\n",[20,20717,20718,20719,20721],{},"Both lines print ",[15,20720,3403],{},", but they mean different things.",[20,20723,20724,20725,145],{},"If you need to know whether the key exists, check with ",[15,20726,1128],{},[30,20728,20730],{"className":32,"code":20729,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"nickname\": None}\n\nprint(\"nickname\" in data)  # True\nprint(\"city\" in data)      # False\n",[15,20731,20732,20768,20772,20792],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20733,20734,20736,20738,20740,20742,20744,20746,20748,20750,20752,20754,20756,20758,20760,20762,20764,20766],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20735,8778],{"class":45},[39,20737,50],{"class":49},[39,20739,10103],{"class":53},[39,20741,244],{"class":243},[39,20743,7285],{"class":247},[39,20745,244],{"class":243},[39,20747,145],{"class":53},[39,20749,255],{"class":243},[39,20751,12492],{"class":247},[39,20753,244],{"class":243},[39,20755,61],{"class":53},[39,20757,255],{"class":243},[39,20759,20654],{"class":247},[39,20761,244],{"class":243},[39,20763,145],{"class":53},[39,20765,3478],{"class":3477},[39,20767,8921],{"class":53},[39,20769,20770],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20771,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,20773,20774,20776,20778,20780,20782,20784,20786,20788,20790],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20775,113],{"class":112},[39,20777,101],{"class":53},[39,20779,244],{"class":243},[39,20781,20654],{"class":247},[39,20783,244],{"class":243},[39,20785,1149],{"class":572},[39,20787,14177],{"class":97},[39,20789,121],{"class":53},[39,20791,1156],{"class":124},[39,20793,20794,20796,20798,20800,20802,20804,20806,20808,20810],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,20795,113],{"class":112},[39,20797,101],{"class":53},[39,20799,244],{"class":243},[39,20801,10021],{"class":247},[39,20803,244],{"class":243},[39,20805,1149],{"class":572},[39,20807,14177],{"class":97},[39,20809,121],{"class":53},[39,20811,20812],{"class":124},"      # False\n",[20,20814,20815,20816,94],{},"For a full beginner guide, see ",[173,20817,20818],{"href":16766},"how to check if a key exists in a dictionary in Python",[134,20820,944],{"id":943},[20,20822,20823,20824,145],{},"Here are some common problems when using ",[15,20825,10353],{},[147,20827,20828,20833,20840,20845],{},[150,20829,20830,20831],{},"Using square brackets for optional keys and getting a ",[15,20832,19300],{},[150,20834,4328,20835,476,20837,20839],{},[15,20836,10353],{},[15,20838,3403],{}," if no default is provided",[150,20841,4202,20842,20844],{},[15,20843,10353],{}," creates a key automatically",[150,20846,20847],{},"Using a default value of the wrong type",[20,20849,20850],{},"Debugging steps that help:",[30,20852,20854],{"className":32,"code":20853,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.get('name'))\nprint(type(my_dict.get('name')))\n",[15,20855,20856,20866,20880,20898,20920],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,20857,20858,20860,20862,20864],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,20859,113],{"class":112},[39,20861,101],{"class":53},[39,20863,11062],{"class":97},[39,20865,80],{"class":53},[39,20867,20868,20870,20872,20874,20876,20878],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,20869,113],{"class":112},[39,20871,101],{"class":53},[39,20873,11062],{"class":97},[39,20875,94],{"class":53},[39,20877,16536],{"class":97},[39,20879,6810],{"class":53},[39,20881,20882,20884,20886,20888,20890,20892,20894,20896],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,20883,113],{"class":112},[39,20885,101],{"class":53},[39,20887,629],{"class":243},[39,20889,7285],{"class":247},[39,20891,629],{"class":243},[39,20893,1149],{"class":572},[39,20895,11378],{"class":97},[39,20897,80],{"class":53},[39,20899,20900,20902,20904,20906,20908,20910,20912,20914,20916,20918],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,20901,113],{"class":112},[39,20903,101],{"class":53},[39,20905,11062],{"class":97},[39,20907,94],{"class":53},[39,20909,19363],{"class":97},[39,20911,101],{"class":53},[39,20913,629],{"class":243},[39,20915,7285],{"class":247},[39,20917,629],{"class":243},[39,20919,1026],{"class":53},[39,20921,20922,20924,20926,20928,20930,20932,20934,20936,20938,20940,20942,20944],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,20923,113],{"class":112},[39,20925,101],{"class":53},[39,20927,2845],{"class":2523},[39,20929,101],{"class":53},[39,20931,11062],{"class":97},[39,20933,94],{"class":53},[39,20935,19363],{"class":97},[39,20937,101],{"class":53},[39,20939,629],{"class":243},[39,20941,7285],{"class":247},[39,20943,629],{"class":243},[39,20945,2534],{"class":53},[20,20947,20948],{},"What these checks tell you:",[147,20950,20951,20956,20962,20968,20974],{},[150,20952,20953,20955],{},[15,20954,12291],{}," shows the full dictionary",[150,20957,20958,20961],{},[15,20959,20960],{},"print(my_dict.keys())"," shows which keys exist",[150,20963,20964,20967],{},[15,20965,20966],{},"print('name' in my_dict)"," checks if a specific key exists",[150,20969,20970,20973],{},[15,20971,20972],{},"print(my_dict.get('name'))"," shows the returned value",[150,20975,20976,20979],{},[15,20977,20978],{},"print(type(my_dict.get('name')))"," shows the value type",[20,20981,20982,20983,796,20988,20992],{},"You may also want to learn about ",[173,20984,20985,20986,1533],{"href":16675},"the dictionary ",[15,20987,16678],{},[173,20989,20985,20990,1533],{"href":16688},[15,20991,16691],{}," when inspecting dictionary contents.",[134,20994,1454],{"id":1453},[223,20996,1468,20998,21000,21001,929],{"id":20997},"does-get-raise-keyerror",[15,20999,10353],{}," raise ",[15,21002,19300],{},[20,21004,21005,21006,21008],{},"No. If the key is missing, it returns ",[15,21007,3403],{}," or the default value you provide.",[223,21010,1468,21012,21014],{"id":21011},"does-get-add-a-key-to-the-dictionary",[15,21013,10353],{}," add a key to the dictionary?",[20,21016,21017],{},"No. It only reads a value safely.",[223,21019,21021,21022,929],{"id":21020},"what-is-the-default-return-value-of-get","What is the default return value of ",[15,21023,10353],{},[20,21025,21026,21028],{},[15,21027,3403],{},", unless you pass a second argument.",[223,21030,21032,21033,21035],{"id":21031},"should-i-use-get-or-square-brackets","Should I use ",[15,21034,10353],{}," or square brackets?",[20,21037,128,21038,21040],{},[15,21039,10353],{}," for optional keys. Use square brackets when the key must exist.",[134,21042,1514],{"id":1513},[147,21044,21045,21049,21055,21061,21065,21070],{},[150,21046,21047],{},[173,21048,8768],{"href":8767},[150,21050,21051],{},[173,21052,10350,21053,1533],{"href":16675},[15,21054,16678],{},[150,21056,21057],{},[173,21058,10350,21059,1533],{"href":16688},[15,21060,16691],{},[150,21062,21063],{},[173,21064,16767],{"href":16766},[150,21066,21067],{},[173,21068,21069],{"href":16209},"How to access values in a dictionary in Python",[150,21071,21072],{},[173,21073,10876],{"href":10687},[1550,21075,21076],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":21078},[21079,21081,21082,21084,21089,21090,21098,21099,21109],{"id":19445,"depth":83,"text":21080},"What get() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":19779,"depth":83,"text":21083},"When to use get()",{"id":19951,"depth":83,"text":21085,"children":21086},"get() vs square brackets",[21087,21088],{"id":20000,"depth":109,"text":20001},{"id":19363,"depth":109,"text":10353},{"id":20199,"depth":83,"text":20200},{"id":20412,"depth":83,"text":20413,"children":21091},[21092,21094,21096],{"id":20421,"depth":109,"text":21093},"get() does not add a missing key",{"id":20507,"depth":109,"text":21095},"get() does not change the dictionary",{"id":20597,"depth":109,"text":21097},"A stored value can also be None",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":21100},[21101,21103,21105,21107],{"id":20997,"depth":109,"text":21102},"Does get() raise KeyError?",{"id":21011,"depth":109,"text":21104},"Does get() add a key to the dictionary?",{"id":21020,"depth":109,"text":21106},"What is the default return value of get()?",{"id":21031,"depth":109,"text":21108},"Should I use get() or square brackets?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary get method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method",{"title":19281,"description":21110},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-get-method","nLl6HZ6KZg7GUYDF-4amCD2Q5QTayzRXFN3p-YK5PQI",{"id":21117,"title":21118,"body":21119,"description":23675,"extension":1587,"meta":23676,"navigation":420,"path":23677,"seo":23678,"stem":23679,"__hash__":23680},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method.md","Python Dictionary items() Method",{"type":7,"value":21120,"toc":23641},[21121,21126,21132,21138,21140,21222,21226,21243,21248,21253,21258,21260,21274,21276,21339,21343,21383,21391,21393,21395,21410,21413,21426,21428,21507,21511,21577,21579,21583,21591,21593,21604,21606,21716,21720,21799,21805,21811,21816,21929,21933,21965,21968,22075,22081,22088,22092,22095,22197,22201,22262,22265,22268,22279,22288,22291,22308,22310,22409,22413,22488,22491,22514,22519,22524,22541,22543,22664,22668,22702,22704,22709,22716,22726,22728,22806,22809,22880,22890,22893,22925,22928,22967,22973,22980,22983,23074,23078,23159,23165,23168,23171,23276,23279,23282,23404,23408,23411,23478,23482,23519,23525,23527,23533,23538,23544,23551,23557,23560,23599,23605,23608,23610,23638],[10,21122,10932,21124,18],{"id":21123},"python-dictionary-items-method",[15,21125,16691],{},[20,21127,1604,21128,21131],{},[15,21129,21130],{},"dict.items()"," method lets you get both the keys and values from a dictionary at the same time.",[20,21133,21134,21135,21137],{},"Beginners usually use it when looping through a dictionary. Instead of getting a key first and then looking up its value, ",[15,21136,16691],{}," gives you each key-value pair together.",[134,21139,1629],{"id":1628},[30,21141,21143],{"className":32,"code":21142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,21144,21145,21181,21185,21208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21146,21147,21149,21151,21153,21155,21157,21159,21161,21163,21165,21167,21169,21171,21173,21175,21177,21179],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21148,12814],{"class":45},[39,21150,50],{"class":49},[39,21152,10103],{"class":53},[39,21154,244],{"class":243},[39,21156,7285],{"class":247},[39,21158,244],{"class":243},[39,21160,145],{"class":53},[39,21162,255],{"class":243},[39,21164,12492],{"class":247},[39,21166,244],{"class":243},[39,21168,61],{"class":53},[39,21170,255],{"class":243},[39,21172,8911],{"class":247},[39,21174,244],{"class":243},[39,21176,145],{"class":53},[39,21178,8918],{"class":57},[39,21180,8921],{"class":53},[39,21182,21183],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21184,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,21186,21187,21189,21192,21194,21197,21199,21201,21203,21205],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,21188,5574],{"class":572},[39,21190,21191],{"class":45}," key",[39,21193,61],{"class":53},[39,21195,21196],{"class":45}," value ",[39,21198,1128],{"class":572},[39,21200,12857],{"class":45},[39,21202,94],{"class":53},[39,21204,7426],{"class":97},[39,21206,21207],{"class":53},"():\n",[39,21209,21210,21212,21214,21216,21218,21220],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,21211,603],{"class":112},[39,21213,101],{"class":53},[39,21215,14452],{"class":97},[39,21217,61],{"class":53},[39,21219,8049],{"class":97},[39,21221,80],{"class":53},[20,21223,21224],{},[3367,21225,458],{},[30,21227,21229],{"className":32,"code":21228,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name Ana\nage 25\n",[15,21230,21231,21236],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21232,21233],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21234,21235],{"class":45},"name Ana\n",[39,21237,21238,21241],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21239,21240],{"class":45},"age ",[39,21242,2331],{"class":57},[20,21244,128,21245,21247],{},[15,21246,16691],{}," when you need both the dictionary key and its value in the same loop.",[134,21249,137,21251,140],{"id":21250},"what-items-does",[15,21252,16691],{},[20,21254,21255,21257],{},[15,21256,16691],{}," returns all key-value pairs from a dictionary.",[20,21259,11071],{},[147,21261,21262,21268,21271],{},[150,21263,21264,21265],{},"Each result is a pair in the form ",[15,21266,21267],{},"(key, value)",[150,21269,21270],{},"Each pair is a tuple",[150,21272,21273],{},"The most common use is looping through a dictionary",[20,21275,515],{},[30,21277,21279],{"className":32,"code":21278,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,21280,21281,21317,21321],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21282,21283,21285,21287,21289,21291,21293,21295,21297,21299,21301,21303,21305,21307,21309,21311,21313,21315],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21284,12814],{"class":45},[39,21286,50],{"class":49},[39,21288,10103],{"class":53},[39,21290,244],{"class":243},[39,21292,7285],{"class":247},[39,21294,244],{"class":243},[39,21296,145],{"class":53},[39,21298,255],{"class":243},[39,21300,12492],{"class":247},[39,21302,244],{"class":243},[39,21304,61],{"class":53},[39,21306,255],{"class":243},[39,21308,8911],{"class":247},[39,21310,244],{"class":243},[39,21312,145],{"class":53},[39,21314,8918],{"class":57},[39,21316,8921],{"class":53},[39,21318,21319],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21320,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,21322,21323,21325,21327,21329,21331,21333,21335,21337],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,21324,113],{"class":112},[39,21326,101],{"class":53},[39,21328,7710],{"class":2523},[39,21330,101],{"class":53},[39,21332,16920],{"class":97},[39,21334,94],{"class":53},[39,21336,7426],{"class":97},[39,21338,5905],{"class":53},[20,21340,21341],{},[3367,21342,458],{},[30,21344,21346],{"className":32,"code":21345,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,21347,21348],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21349,21350,21353,21355,21357,21359,21361,21363,21365,21367,21369,21371,21373,21375,21377,21379,21381],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21351,21352],{"class":53},"[(",[39,21354,629],{"class":243},[39,21356,7285],{"class":247},[39,21358,629],{"class":243},[39,21360,61],{"class":53},[39,21362,2920],{"class":243},[39,21364,12492],{"class":247},[39,21366,629],{"class":243},[39,21368,8846],{"class":53},[39,21370,54],{"class":53},[39,21372,629],{"class":243},[39,21374,8911],{"class":247},[39,21376,629],{"class":243},[39,21378,61],{"class":53},[39,21380,8918],{"class":57},[39,21382,8861],{"class":53},[20,21384,21385,21386,177,21388,94],{},"If you are still learning dictionaries, see ",[173,21387,8768],{"href":12635},[173,21389,14636],{"href":21390},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-dictionary-in-python",[134,21392,1781],{"id":1780},[20,21394,5050],{},[30,21396,21398],{"className":32,"code":21397,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.items()\n",[15,21399,21400],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21401,21402,21404,21406,21408],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21403,11062],{"class":45},[39,21405,94],{"class":53},[39,21407,7426],{"class":97},[39,21409,8257],{"class":53},[20,21411,21412],{},"Things to remember:",[147,21414,21415,21420,21423],{},[150,21416,21417,21419],{},[15,21418,16691],{}," does not take any arguments",[150,21421,21422],{},"It does not change the original dictionary",[150,21424,21425],{},"It gives you a way to access key-value pairs",[20,21427,515],{},[30,21429,21431],{"className":32,"code":21430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"Alice\": 90, \"Bob\": 85}\n\nresult = scores.items()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,21432,21433,21465,21469,21483,21487,21497],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21434,21435,21437,21439,21441,21443,21445,21447,21449,21451,21453,21455,21457,21459,21461,21463],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21436,675],{"class":45},[39,21438,50],{"class":49},[39,21440,10103],{"class":53},[39,21442,244],{"class":243},[39,21444,4627],{"class":247},[39,21446,244],{"class":243},[39,21448,145],{"class":53},[39,21450,19511],{"class":57},[39,21452,61],{"class":53},[39,21454,255],{"class":243},[39,21456,4636],{"class":247},[39,21458,244],{"class":243},[39,21460,145],{"class":53},[39,21462,13117],{"class":57},[39,21464,8921],{"class":53},[39,21466,21467],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21468,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,21470,21471,21473,21475,21477,21479,21481],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,21472,86],{"class":45},[39,21474,50],{"class":49},[39,21476,714],{"class":45},[39,21478,94],{"class":53},[39,21480,7426],{"class":97},[39,21482,8257],{"class":53},[39,21484,21485],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,21486,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,21488,21489,21491,21493,21495],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,21490,113],{"class":112},[39,21492,101],{"class":53},[39,21494,118],{"class":97},[39,21496,80],{"class":53},[39,21498,21499,21501,21503,21505],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,21500,113],{"class":112},[39,21502,101],{"class":53},[39,21504,16001],{"class":97},[39,21506,80],{"class":53},[20,21508,21509],{},[3367,21510,458],{},[30,21512,21514],{"className":32,"code":21513,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_items([('Alice', 90), ('Bob', 85)])\n{'Alice': 90, 'Bob': 85}\n",[15,21515,21516,21549],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21517,21518,21521,21523,21525,21527,21529,21531,21533,21535,21537,21539,21541,21543,21545,21547],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21519,21520],{"class":97},"dict_items",[39,21522,9270],{"class":53},[39,21524,629],{"class":243},[39,21526,4627],{"class":247},[39,21528,629],{"class":243},[39,21530,61],{"class":53},[39,21532,19511],{"class":57},[39,21534,8846],{"class":53},[39,21536,54],{"class":53},[39,21538,629],{"class":243},[39,21540,4636],{"class":247},[39,21542,629],{"class":243},[39,21544,61],{"class":53},[39,21546,13117],{"class":57},[39,21548,10292],{"class":53},[39,21550,21551,21553,21555,21557,21559,21561,21563,21565,21567,21569,21571,21573,21575],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21552,8890],{"class":53},[39,21554,629],{"class":243},[39,21556,4627],{"class":247},[39,21558,629],{"class":243},[39,21560,145],{"class":53},[39,21562,19511],{"class":57},[39,21564,61],{"class":53},[39,21566,2920],{"class":243},[39,21568,4636],{"class":247},[39,21570,629],{"class":243},[39,21572,145],{"class":53},[39,21574,13117],{"class":57},[39,21576,8921],{"class":53},[20,21578,20504],{},[134,21580,21582],{"id":21581},"what-it-returns","What it returns",[20,21584,21585,21587,21588,21590],{},[15,21586,16691],{}," returns a ",[15,21589,21520],{}," view object.",[20,21592,1731],{},[147,21594,21595,21598,21601],{},[150,21596,21597],{},"You can loop over it",[150,21599,21600],{},"You can convert it to a list if needed",[150,21602,21603],{},"It reflects changes made to the dictionary",[20,21605,515],{},[30,21607,21609],{"className":32,"code":21608,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\npairs = data.items()\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n\ndata[\"z\"] = 3\n\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,21610,21611,21643,21657,21661,21675,21679,21698,21702],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21612,21613,21615,21617,21619,21621,21623,21625,21627,21629,21631,21633,21635,21637,21639,21641],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21614,8778],{"class":45},[39,21616,50],{"class":49},[39,21618,10103],{"class":53},[39,21620,244],{"class":243},[39,21622,1798],{"class":247},[39,21624,244],{"class":243},[39,21626,145],{"class":53},[39,21628,595],{"class":57},[39,21630,61],{"class":53},[39,21632,255],{"class":243},[39,21634,11357],{"class":247},[39,21636,244],{"class":243},[39,21638,145],{"class":53},[39,21640,64],{"class":57},[39,21642,8921],{"class":53},[39,21644,21645,21647,21649,21651,21653,21655],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21646,8828],{"class":45},[39,21648,50],{"class":49},[39,21650,14177],{"class":45},[39,21652,94],{"class":53},[39,21654,7426],{"class":97},[39,21656,8257],{"class":53},[39,21658,21659],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,21660,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,21662,21663,21665,21667,21669,21671,21673],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,21664,113],{"class":112},[39,21666,101],{"class":53},[39,21668,7710],{"class":2523},[39,21670,101],{"class":53},[39,21672,8874],{"class":97},[39,21674,1026],{"class":53},[39,21676,21677],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,21678,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,21680,21681,21683,21685,21687,21690,21692,21694,21696],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,21682,8817],{"class":45},[39,21684,3525],{"class":53},[39,21686,244],{"class":243},[39,21688,21689],{"class":247},"z",[39,21691,244],{"class":243},[39,21693,12883],{"class":53},[39,21695,12886],{"class":49},[39,21697,2199],{"class":57},[39,21699,21700],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,21701,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,21703,21704,21706,21708,21710,21712,21714],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,21705,113],{"class":112},[39,21707,101],{"class":53},[39,21709,7710],{"class":2523},[39,21711,101],{"class":53},[39,21713,8874],{"class":97},[39,21715,1026],{"class":53},[20,21717,21718],{},[3367,21719,458],{},[30,21721,21723],{"className":32,"code":21722,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('x', 1), ('y', 2)]\n[('x', 1), ('y', 2), ('z', 3)]\n",[15,21724,21725,21755],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21726,21727,21729,21731,21733,21735,21737,21739,21741,21743,21745,21747,21749,21751,21753],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21728,21352],{"class":53},[39,21730,629],{"class":243},[39,21732,1798],{"class":247},[39,21734,629],{"class":243},[39,21736,61],{"class":53},[39,21738,595],{"class":57},[39,21740,8846],{"class":53},[39,21742,54],{"class":53},[39,21744,629],{"class":243},[39,21746,11357],{"class":247},[39,21748,629],{"class":243},[39,21750,61],{"class":53},[39,21752,64],{"class":57},[39,21754,8861],{"class":53},[39,21756,21757,21759,21761,21763,21765,21767,21769,21771,21773,21775,21777,21779,21781,21783,21785,21787,21789,21791,21793,21795,21797],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21758,21352],{"class":53},[39,21760,629],{"class":243},[39,21762,1798],{"class":247},[39,21764,629],{"class":243},[39,21766,61],{"class":53},[39,21768,595],{"class":57},[39,21770,8846],{"class":53},[39,21772,54],{"class":53},[39,21774,629],{"class":243},[39,21776,11357],{"class":247},[39,21778,629],{"class":243},[39,21780,61],{"class":53},[39,21782,64],{"class":57},[39,21784,8846],{"class":53},[39,21786,54],{"class":53},[39,21788,629],{"class":243},[39,21790,21689],{"class":247},[39,21792,629],{"class":243},[39,21794,61],{"class":53},[39,21796,73],{"class":57},[39,21798,8861],{"class":53},[20,21800,21801,21802,21804],{},"This happens because ",[15,21803,8874],{}," is a view of the dictionary data, not a separate copied list.",[134,21806,21808,21809],{"id":21807},"looping-with-items","Looping with ",[15,21810,16691],{},[20,21812,21813,21814,145],{},"This is the most common way beginners use ",[15,21815,16691],{},[30,21817,21819],{"className":32,"code":21818,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key, value in student.items():\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,21820,21821,21874,21878,21898],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21822,21823,21825,21827,21829,21831,21833,21835,21837,21839,21841,21843,21845,21847,21849,21851,21853,21855,21858,21860,21862,21864,21866,21868,21870,21872],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21824,12475],{"class":45},[39,21826,50],{"class":49},[39,21828,10103],{"class":53},[39,21830,244],{"class":243},[39,21832,7285],{"class":247},[39,21834,244],{"class":243},[39,21836,145],{"class":53},[39,21838,255],{"class":243},[39,21840,7538],{"class":247},[39,21842,244],{"class":243},[39,21844,61],{"class":53},[39,21846,255],{"class":243},[39,21848,19504],{"class":247},[39,21850,244],{"class":243},[39,21852,145],{"class":53},[39,21854,255],{"class":243},[39,21856,21857],{"class":247},"A",[39,21859,244],{"class":243},[39,21861,61],{"class":53},[39,21863,255],{"class":243},[39,21865,8911],{"class":247},[39,21867,244],{"class":243},[39,21869,145],{"class":53},[39,21871,13468],{"class":57},[39,21873,8921],{"class":53},[39,21875,21876],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21877,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,21879,21880,21882,21884,21886,21888,21890,21892,21894,21896],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,21881,5574],{"class":572},[39,21883,21191],{"class":45},[39,21885,61],{"class":53},[39,21887,21196],{"class":45},[39,21889,1128],{"class":572},[39,21891,12518],{"class":45},[39,21893,94],{"class":53},[39,21895,7426],{"class":97},[39,21897,21207],{"class":53},[39,21899,21900,21902,21904,21907,21909,21911,21913,21916,21919,21921,21923,21925,21927],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,21901,603],{"class":112},[39,21903,101],{"class":53},[39,21905,21906],{"class":1689},"f",[39,21908,244],{"class":247},[39,21910,8890],{"class":57},[39,21912,14452],{"class":97},[39,21914,21915],{"class":57},"}",[39,21917,21918],{"class":247},": ",[39,21920,8890],{"class":57},[39,21922,155],{"class":97},[39,21924,21915],{"class":57},[39,21926,244],{"class":247},[39,21928,80],{"class":53},[20,21930,21931],{},[3367,21932,458],{},[30,21934,21936],{"className":32,"code":21935,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name: Mia\ngrade: A\nage: 14\n",[15,21937,21938,21947,21956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21939,21940,21942,21944],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21941,7285],{"class":45},[39,21943,145],{"class":53},[39,21945,21946],{"class":45}," Mia\n",[39,21948,21949,21951,21953],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,21950,19504],{"class":45},[39,21952,145],{"class":53},[39,21954,21955],{"class":45}," A\n",[39,21957,21958,21960,21962],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,21959,8911],{"class":45},[39,21961,145],{"class":53},[39,21963,21964],{"class":57}," 14\n",[20,21966,21967],{},"This pattern is clearer than looping through keys and then looking up each value:",[30,21969,21971],{"className":32,"code":21970,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\", \"age\": 14}\n\nfor key in student:\n    print(f\"{key}: {student[key]}\")\n",[15,21972,21973,22025,22029,22041],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,21974,21975,21977,21979,21981,21983,21985,21987,21989,21991,21993,21995,21997,21999,22001,22003,22005,22007,22009,22011,22013,22015,22017,22019,22021,22023],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,21976,12475],{"class":45},[39,21978,50],{"class":49},[39,21980,10103],{"class":53},[39,21982,244],{"class":243},[39,21984,7285],{"class":247},[39,21986,244],{"class":243},[39,21988,145],{"class":53},[39,21990,255],{"class":243},[39,21992,7538],{"class":247},[39,21994,244],{"class":243},[39,21996,61],{"class":53},[39,21998,255],{"class":243},[39,22000,19504],{"class":247},[39,22002,244],{"class":243},[39,22004,145],{"class":53},[39,22006,255],{"class":243},[39,22008,21857],{"class":247},[39,22010,244],{"class":243},[39,22012,61],{"class":53},[39,22014,255],{"class":243},[39,22016,8911],{"class":247},[39,22018,244],{"class":243},[39,22020,145],{"class":53},[39,22022,13468],{"class":57},[39,22024,8921],{"class":53},[39,22026,22027],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22028,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,22030,22031,22033,22035,22037,22039],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,22032,5574],{"class":572},[39,22034,17821],{"class":45},[39,22036,1128],{"class":572},[39,22038,12518],{"class":45},[39,22040,598],{"class":53},[39,22042,22043,22045,22047,22049,22051,22053,22055,22057,22059,22061,22063,22065,22067,22069,22071,22073],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,22044,603],{"class":112},[39,22046,101],{"class":53},[39,22048,21906],{"class":1689},[39,22050,244],{"class":247},[39,22052,8890],{"class":57},[39,22054,14452],{"class":97},[39,22056,21915],{"class":57},[39,22058,21918],{"class":247},[39,22060,8890],{"class":57},[39,22062,13236],{"class":97},[39,22064,3525],{"class":53},[39,22066,14452],{"class":97},[39,22068,12883],{"class":53},[39,22070,21915],{"class":57},[39,22072,244],{"class":247},[39,22074,80],{"class":53},[20,22076,6126,22077,22080],{},[15,22078,22079],{},"for key, value in student.items()"," is often easier to read when you need both parts.",[20,22082,22083,22084,94],{},"For a full guide, see ",[173,22085,22087],{"href":22086},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python","how to loop through a dictionary in Python",[134,22089,22091],{"id":22090},"converting-the-result","Converting the result",[20,22093,22094],{},"If you want to see all pairs clearly, you can convert the result to a list:",[30,22096,22098],{"className":32,"code":22097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"apple\": \"red\", \"banana\": \"yellow\", \"grape\": \"purple\"}\n\npairs_list = list(colors.items())\n\nprint(pairs_list)\n",[15,22099,22100,22158,22162,22182,22186],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22101,22102,22104,22106,22108,22110,22112,22114,22116,22118,22120,22122,22124,22126,22128,22130,22132,22134,22136,22138,22140,22142,22145,22147,22149,22151,22154,22156],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22103,236],{"class":45},[39,22105,50],{"class":49},[39,22107,10103],{"class":53},[39,22109,244],{"class":243},[39,22111,377],{"class":247},[39,22113,244],{"class":243},[39,22115,145],{"class":53},[39,22117,255],{"class":243},[39,22119,248],{"class":247},[39,22121,244],{"class":243},[39,22123,61],{"class":53},[39,22125,255],{"class":243},[39,22127,386],{"class":247},[39,22129,244],{"class":243},[39,22131,145],{"class":53},[39,22133,255],{"class":243},[39,22135,325],{"class":247},[39,22137,244],{"class":243},[39,22139,61],{"class":53},[39,22141,255],{"class":243},[39,22143,22144],{"class":247},"grape",[39,22146,244],{"class":243},[39,22148,145],{"class":53},[39,22150,255],{"class":243},[39,22152,22153],{"class":247},"purple",[39,22155,244],{"class":243},[39,22157,8921],{"class":53},[39,22159,22160],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22161,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,22163,22164,22167,22169,22172,22174,22176,22178,22180],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,22165,22166],{"class":45},"pairs_list ",[39,22168,50],{"class":49},[39,22170,22171],{"class":2523}," list",[39,22173,101],{"class":53},[39,22175,288],{"class":97},[39,22177,94],{"class":53},[39,22179,7426],{"class":97},[39,22181,6810],{"class":53},[39,22183,22184],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,22185,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,22187,22188,22190,22192,22195],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,22189,113],{"class":112},[39,22191,101],{"class":53},[39,22193,22194],{"class":97},"pairs_list",[39,22196,80],{"class":53},[20,22198,22199],{},[3367,22200,458],{},[30,22202,22204],{"className":32,"code":22203,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('apple', 'red'), ('banana', 'yellow'), ('grape', 'purple')]\n",[15,22205,22206],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22207,22208,22210,22212,22214,22216,22218,22220,22222,22224,22226,22228,22230,22232,22234,22236,22238,22240,22242,22244,22246,22248,22250,22252,22254,22256,22258,22260],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22209,21352],{"class":53},[39,22211,629],{"class":243},[39,22213,377],{"class":247},[39,22215,629],{"class":243},[39,22217,61],{"class":53},[39,22219,2920],{"class":243},[39,22221,248],{"class":247},[39,22223,629],{"class":243},[39,22225,8846],{"class":53},[39,22227,54],{"class":53},[39,22229,629],{"class":243},[39,22231,386],{"class":247},[39,22233,629],{"class":243},[39,22235,61],{"class":53},[39,22237,2920],{"class":243},[39,22239,325],{"class":247},[39,22241,629],{"class":243},[39,22243,8846],{"class":53},[39,22245,54],{"class":53},[39,22247,629],{"class":243},[39,22249,22144],{"class":247},[39,22251,629],{"class":243},[39,22253,61],{"class":53},[39,22255,2920],{"class":243},[39,22257,22153],{"class":247},[39,22259,629],{"class":243},[39,22261,8861],{"class":53},[20,22263,22264],{},"This creates a list of tuples.",[20,22266,22267],{},"Use this when:",[147,22269,22270,22273,22276],{},[150,22271,22272],{},"You want clearer printed output",[150,22274,22275],{},"You need list behavior",[150,22277,22278],{},"You want to inspect all pairs at once",[134,22280,22282,10198,22284,10198,22286],{"id":22281},"items-vs-keys-vs-values",[15,22283,16691],{},[15,22285,16678],{},[15,22287,16684],{},[20,22289,22290],{},"Dictionary methods give different parts of the dictionary:",[147,22292,22293,22298,22303],{},[150,22294,22295,22297],{},[15,22296,16691],{}," gives both key and value",[150,22299,22300,22302],{},[15,22301,16678],{}," gives only keys",[150,22304,22305,22307],{},[15,22306,16684],{}," gives only values",[20,22309,515],{},[30,22311,22313],{"className":32,"code":22312,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(list(person.keys()))\nprint(list(person.values()))\nprint(list(person.items()))\n",[15,22314,22315,22351,22355,22373,22391],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22316,22317,22319,22321,22323,22325,22327,22329,22331,22333,22335,22337,22339,22341,22343,22345,22347,22349],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22318,12814],{"class":45},[39,22320,50],{"class":49},[39,22322,10103],{"class":53},[39,22324,244],{"class":243},[39,22326,7285],{"class":247},[39,22328,244],{"class":243},[39,22330,145],{"class":53},[39,22332,255],{"class":243},[39,22334,12492],{"class":247},[39,22336,244],{"class":243},[39,22338,61],{"class":53},[39,22340,255],{"class":243},[39,22342,8911],{"class":247},[39,22344,244],{"class":243},[39,22346,145],{"class":53},[39,22348,8918],{"class":57},[39,22350,8921],{"class":53},[39,22352,22353],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22354,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,22356,22357,22359,22361,22363,22365,22367,22369,22371],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,22358,113],{"class":112},[39,22360,101],{"class":53},[39,22362,7710],{"class":2523},[39,22364,101],{"class":53},[39,22366,16920],{"class":97},[39,22368,94],{"class":53},[39,22370,16536],{"class":97},[39,22372,5905],{"class":53},[39,22374,22375,22377,22379,22381,22383,22385,22387,22389],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,22376,113],{"class":112},[39,22378,101],{"class":53},[39,22380,7710],{"class":2523},[39,22382,101],{"class":53},[39,22384,16920],{"class":97},[39,22386,94],{"class":53},[39,22388,856],{"class":97},[39,22390,5905],{"class":53},[39,22392,22393,22395,22397,22399,22401,22403,22405,22407],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,22394,113],{"class":112},[39,22396,101],{"class":53},[39,22398,7710],{"class":2523},[39,22400,101],{"class":53},[39,22402,16920],{"class":97},[39,22404,94],{"class":53},[39,22406,7426],{"class":97},[39,22408,5905],{"class":53},[20,22410,22411],{},[3367,22412,458],{},[30,22414,22416],{"className":32,"code":22415,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['name', 'age']\n['Ana', 25]\n[('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25)]\n",[15,22417,22418,22438,22454],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22419,22420,22422,22424,22426,22428,22430,22432,22434,22436],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22421,3525],{"class":53},[39,22423,629],{"class":243},[39,22425,7285],{"class":247},[39,22427,629],{"class":243},[39,22429,61],{"class":53},[39,22431,2920],{"class":243},[39,22433,8911],{"class":247},[39,22435,629],{"class":243},[39,22437,3262],{"class":53},[39,22439,22440,22442,22444,22446,22448,22450,22452],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22441,3525],{"class":53},[39,22443,629],{"class":243},[39,22445,12492],{"class":247},[39,22447,629],{"class":243},[39,22449,61],{"class":53},[39,22451,8918],{"class":57},[39,22453,3262],{"class":53},[39,22455,22456,22458,22460,22462,22464,22466,22468,22470,22472,22474,22476,22478,22480,22482,22484,22486],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,22457,21352],{"class":53},[39,22459,629],{"class":243},[39,22461,7285],{"class":247},[39,22463,629],{"class":243},[39,22465,61],{"class":53},[39,22467,2920],{"class":243},[39,22469,12492],{"class":247},[39,22471,629],{"class":243},[39,22473,8846],{"class":53},[39,22475,54],{"class":53},[39,22477,629],{"class":243},[39,22479,8911],{"class":247},[39,22481,629],{"class":243},[39,22483,61],{"class":53},[39,22485,8918],{"class":57},[39,22487,8861],{"class":53},[20,22489,22490],{},"Use the method that matches your task:",[147,22492,22493,22501,22509],{},[150,22494,22495,22496],{},"Need just keys? Use ",[173,22497,22499],{"href":22498},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method",[15,22500,16678],{},[150,22502,22503,22504],{},"Need just values? Use ",[173,22505,22507],{"href":22506},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method",[15,22508,16684],{},[150,22510,22511,22512],{},"Need both together? Use ",[15,22513,16691],{},[134,22515,4584,22517],{"id":22516},"when-to-use-items",[15,22518,16691],{},[20,22520,22521,22523],{},[15,22522,16691],{}," is useful for tasks like:",[147,22525,22526,22529,22532,22535,22538],{},[150,22527,22528],{},"Printing dictionary contents",[150,22530,22531],{},"Building formatted output",[150,22533,22534],{},"Looping through settings and values",[150,22536,22537],{},"Showing names with scores",[150,22539,22540],{},"Working with labels and their data",[20,22542,515],{},[30,22544,22546],{"className":32,"code":22545,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\n    \"theme\": \"dark\",\n    \"language\": \"English\",\n    \"notifications\": True\n}\n\nfor setting, value in settings.items():\n    print(f\"{setting} = {value}\")\n",[15,22547,22548,22556,22574,22593,22605,22609,22613,22634],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22549,22550,22552,22554],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22551,13436],{"class":45},[39,22553,50],{"class":49},[39,22555,11104],{"class":53},[39,22557,22558,22560,22562,22564,22566,22568,22570,22572],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22559,11109],{"class":243},[39,22561,12106],{"class":247},[39,22563,244],{"class":243},[39,22565,145],{"class":53},[39,22567,255],{"class":243},[39,22569,12115],{"class":247},[39,22571,244],{"class":243},[39,22573,11125],{"class":53},[39,22575,22576,22578,22580,22582,22584,22586,22589,22591],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,22577,11109],{"class":243},[39,22579,19735],{"class":247},[39,22581,244],{"class":243},[39,22583,145],{"class":53},[39,22585,255],{"class":243},[39,22587,22588],{"class":247},"English",[39,22590,244],{"class":243},[39,22592,11125],{"class":53},[39,22594,22595,22597,22599,22601,22603],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,22596,11109],{"class":243},[39,22598,18137],{"class":247},[39,22600,244],{"class":243},[39,22602,145],{"class":53},[39,22604,6038],{"class":3477},[39,22606,22607],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,22608,8921],{"class":53},[39,22610,22611],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,22612,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,22614,22615,22617,22620,22622,22624,22626,22628,22630,22632],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,22616,5574],{"class":572},[39,22618,22619],{"class":45}," setting",[39,22621,61],{"class":53},[39,22623,21196],{"class":45},[39,22625,1128],{"class":572},[39,22627,13480],{"class":45},[39,22629,94],{"class":53},[39,22631,7426],{"class":97},[39,22633,21207],{"class":53},[39,22635,22636,22638,22640,22642,22644,22646,22649,22651,22654,22656,22658,22660,22662],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,22637,603],{"class":112},[39,22639,101],{"class":53},[39,22641,21906],{"class":1689},[39,22643,244],{"class":247},[39,22645,8890],{"class":57},[39,22647,22648],{"class":97},"setting",[39,22650,21915],{"class":57},[39,22652,22653],{"class":247}," = ",[39,22655,8890],{"class":57},[39,22657,155],{"class":97},[39,22659,21915],{"class":57},[39,22661,244],{"class":247},[39,22663,80],{"class":53},[20,22665,22666],{},[3367,22667,458],{},[30,22669,22671],{"className":32,"code":22670,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"theme = dark\nlanguage = English\nnotifications = True\n",[15,22672,22673,22683,22693],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22674,22675,22678,22680],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22676,22677],{"class":45},"theme ",[39,22679,50],{"class":49},[39,22681,22682],{"class":45}," dark\n",[39,22684,22685,22688,22690],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22686,22687],{"class":45},"language ",[39,22689,50],{"class":49},[39,22691,22692],{"class":45}," English\n",[39,22694,22695,22698,22700],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,22696,22697],{"class":45},"notifications ",[39,22699,50],{"class":49},[39,22701,6038],{"class":3477},[134,22703,944],{"id":943},[20,22705,22706,22707,94],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,22708,16691],{},[223,22710,22712,22713,22715],{"id":22711},"trying-to-unpack-items-incorrectly","Trying to unpack ",[15,22714,16691],{}," incorrectly",[20,22717,22718,22719,22721,22722,22725],{},"Each result from ",[15,22720,16691],{}," has ",[3367,22723,22724],{},"two parts",": a key and a value.",[20,22727,6304],{},[30,22729,22730],{"className":32,"code":21142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,22731,22732,22768,22772,22792],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22733,22734,22736,22738,22740,22742,22744,22746,22748,22750,22752,22754,22756,22758,22760,22762,22764,22766],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22735,12814],{"class":45},[39,22737,50],{"class":49},[39,22739,10103],{"class":53},[39,22741,244],{"class":243},[39,22743,7285],{"class":247},[39,22745,244],{"class":243},[39,22747,145],{"class":53},[39,22749,255],{"class":243},[39,22751,12492],{"class":247},[39,22753,244],{"class":243},[39,22755,61],{"class":53},[39,22757,255],{"class":243},[39,22759,8911],{"class":247},[39,22761,244],{"class":243},[39,22763,145],{"class":53},[39,22765,8918],{"class":57},[39,22767,8921],{"class":53},[39,22769,22770],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22771,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,22773,22774,22776,22778,22780,22782,22784,22786,22788,22790],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,22775,5574],{"class":572},[39,22777,21191],{"class":45},[39,22779,61],{"class":53},[39,22781,21196],{"class":45},[39,22783,1128],{"class":572},[39,22785,12857],{"class":45},[39,22787,94],{"class":53},[39,22789,7426],{"class":97},[39,22791,21207],{"class":53},[39,22793,22794,22796,22798,22800,22802,22804],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,22795,603],{"class":112},[39,22797,101],{"class":53},[39,22799,14452],{"class":97},[39,22801,61],{"class":53},[39,22803,8049],{"class":97},[39,22805,80],{"class":53},[20,22807,22808],{},"This is wrong because it tries to unpack into only one variable pattern:",[30,22810,22812],{"className":32,"code":22811,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nfor key in person.items():\n    print(key)\n",[15,22813,22814,22850,22854,22870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22815,22816,22818,22820,22822,22824,22826,22828,22830,22832,22834,22836,22838,22840,22842,22844,22846,22848],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22817,12814],{"class":45},[39,22819,50],{"class":49},[39,22821,10103],{"class":53},[39,22823,244],{"class":243},[39,22825,7285],{"class":247},[39,22827,244],{"class":243},[39,22829,145],{"class":53},[39,22831,255],{"class":243},[39,22833,12492],{"class":247},[39,22835,244],{"class":243},[39,22837,61],{"class":53},[39,22839,255],{"class":243},[39,22841,8911],{"class":247},[39,22843,244],{"class":243},[39,22845,145],{"class":53},[39,22847,8918],{"class":57},[39,22849,8921],{"class":53},[39,22851,22852],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22853,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,22855,22856,22858,22860,22862,22864,22866,22868],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,22857,5574],{"class":572},[39,22859,17821],{"class":45},[39,22861,1128],{"class":572},[39,22863,12857],{"class":45},[39,22865,94],{"class":53},[39,22867,7426],{"class":97},[39,22869,21207],{"class":53},[39,22871,22872,22874,22876,22878],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,22873,603],{"class":112},[39,22875,101],{"class":53},[39,22877,14452],{"class":97},[39,22879,80],{"class":53},[20,22881,22882,22883,22885,22886,22889],{},"This code is not an error, but ",[15,22884,14452],{}," is actually the full tuple, such as ",[15,22887,22888],{},"('name', 'Ana')",", not just the key.",[20,22891,22892],{},"If you want the full pair, use one variable:",[30,22894,22896],{"className":32,"code":22895,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for item in person.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,22897,22898,22914],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22899,22900,22902,22904,22906,22908,22910,22912],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22901,5574],{"class":572},[39,22903,5577],{"class":45},[39,22905,1128],{"class":572},[39,22907,12857],{"class":45},[39,22909,94],{"class":53},[39,22911,7426],{"class":97},[39,22913,21207],{"class":53},[39,22915,22916,22918,22920,22923],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22917,603],{"class":112},[39,22919,101],{"class":53},[39,22921,22922],{"class":97},"item",[39,22924,80],{"class":53},[20,22926,22927],{},"If you want separate key and value, use two variables:",[30,22929,22931],{"className":32,"code":22930,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for key, value in person.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,22932,22933,22953],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22934,22935,22937,22939,22941,22943,22945,22947,22949,22951],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22936,5574],{"class":572},[39,22938,21191],{"class":45},[39,22940,61],{"class":53},[39,22942,21196],{"class":45},[39,22944,1128],{"class":572},[39,22946,12857],{"class":45},[39,22948,94],{"class":53},[39,22950,7426],{"class":97},[39,22952,21207],{"class":53},[39,22954,22955,22957,22959,22961,22963,22965],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,22956,603],{"class":112},[39,22958,101],{"class":53},[39,22960,14452],{"class":97},[39,22962,61],{"class":53},[39,22964,8049],{"class":97},[39,22966,80],{"class":53},[223,22968,1030,22970,22972],{"id":22969},"expecting-items-to-return-a-regular-list",[15,22971,16691],{}," to return a regular list",[20,22974,22975,21587,22977,22979],{},[15,22976,16691],{},[15,22978,21520],{}," object, not a list.",[20,22981,22982],{},"Check it:",[30,22984,22986],{"className":32,"code":22985,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(my_dict.items())\nprint(type(my_dict.items()))\nprint(list(my_dict.items()))\n",[15,22987,22988,23020,23024,23038,23056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,22989,22990,22992,22994,22996,22998,23000,23002,23004,23006,23008,23010,23012,23014,23016,23018],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,22991,11336],{"class":45},[39,22993,50],{"class":49},[39,22995,10103],{"class":53},[39,22997,244],{"class":243},[39,22999,173],{"class":247},[39,23001,244],{"class":243},[39,23003,145],{"class":53},[39,23005,595],{"class":57},[39,23007,61],{"class":53},[39,23009,255],{"class":243},[39,23011,1070],{"class":247},[39,23013,244],{"class":243},[39,23015,145],{"class":53},[39,23017,64],{"class":57},[39,23019,8921],{"class":53},[39,23021,23022],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23023,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,23025,23026,23028,23030,23032,23034,23036],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,23027,113],{"class":112},[39,23029,101],{"class":53},[39,23031,11062],{"class":97},[39,23033,94],{"class":53},[39,23035,7426],{"class":97},[39,23037,6810],{"class":53},[39,23039,23040,23042,23044,23046,23048,23050,23052,23054],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,23041,113],{"class":112},[39,23043,101],{"class":53},[39,23045,2845],{"class":2523},[39,23047,101],{"class":53},[39,23049,11062],{"class":97},[39,23051,94],{"class":53},[39,23053,7426],{"class":97},[39,23055,5905],{"class":53},[39,23057,23058,23060,23062,23064,23066,23068,23070,23072],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,23059,113],{"class":112},[39,23061,101],{"class":53},[39,23063,7710],{"class":2523},[39,23065,101],{"class":53},[39,23067,11062],{"class":97},[39,23069,94],{"class":53},[39,23071,7426],{"class":97},[39,23073,5905],{"class":53},[20,23075,23076],{},[3367,23077,458],{},[30,23079,23081],{"className":32,"code":23080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_items([('a', 1), ('b', 2)])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_items'>\n[('a', 1), ('b', 2)]\n",[15,23082,23083,23115,23129],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23084,23085,23087,23089,23091,23093,23095,23097,23099,23101,23103,23105,23107,23109,23111,23113],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23086,21520],{"class":97},[39,23088,9270],{"class":53},[39,23090,629],{"class":243},[39,23092,173],{"class":247},[39,23094,629],{"class":243},[39,23096,61],{"class":53},[39,23098,595],{"class":57},[39,23100,8846],{"class":53},[39,23102,54],{"class":53},[39,23104,629],{"class":243},[39,23106,1070],{"class":247},[39,23108,629],{"class":243},[39,23110,61],{"class":53},[39,23112,64],{"class":57},[39,23114,10292],{"class":53},[39,23116,23117,23119,23121,23123,23125,23127],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23118,2914],{"class":49},[39,23120,2917],{"class":1689},[39,23122,2920],{"class":243},[39,23124,21520],{"class":247},[39,23126,629],{"class":243},[39,23128,2927],{"class":49},[39,23130,23131,23133,23135,23137,23139,23141,23143,23145,23147,23149,23151,23153,23155,23157],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,23132,21352],{"class":53},[39,23134,629],{"class":243},[39,23136,173],{"class":247},[39,23138,629],{"class":243},[39,23140,61],{"class":53},[39,23142,595],{"class":57},[39,23144,8846],{"class":53},[39,23146,54],{"class":53},[39,23148,629],{"class":243},[39,23150,1070],{"class":247},[39,23152,629],{"class":243},[39,23154,61],{"class":53},[39,23156,64],{"class":57},[39,23158,8861],{"class":53},[223,23160,23162,23163],{"id":23161},"changing-the-dictionary-while-looping-over-items","Changing the dictionary while looping over ",[15,23164,16691],{},[20,23166,23167],{},"Be careful when changing a dictionary during iteration.",[20,23169,23170],{},"Problem example:",[30,23172,23174],{"className":32,"code":23173,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in numbers.items():\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n",[15,23175,23176,23220,23224,23244,23256],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23177,23178,23180,23182,23184,23186,23188,23190,23192,23194,23196,23198,23200,23202,23204,23206,23208,23210,23212,23214,23216,23218],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23179,46],{"class":45},[39,23181,50],{"class":49},[39,23183,10103],{"class":53},[39,23185,244],{"class":243},[39,23187,173],{"class":247},[39,23189,244],{"class":243},[39,23191,145],{"class":53},[39,23193,595],{"class":57},[39,23195,61],{"class":53},[39,23197,255],{"class":243},[39,23199,1070],{"class":247},[39,23201,244],{"class":243},[39,23203,145],{"class":53},[39,23205,64],{"class":57},[39,23207,61],{"class":53},[39,23209,255],{"class":243},[39,23211,9352],{"class":247},[39,23213,244],{"class":243},[39,23215,145],{"class":53},[39,23217,73],{"class":57},[39,23219,8921],{"class":53},[39,23221,23222],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23223,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,23225,23226,23228,23230,23232,23234,23236,23238,23240,23242],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,23227,5574],{"class":572},[39,23229,21191],{"class":45},[39,23231,61],{"class":53},[39,23233,21196],{"class":45},[39,23235,1128],{"class":572},[39,23237,91],{"class":45},[39,23239,94],{"class":53},[39,23241,7426],{"class":97},[39,23243,21207],{"class":53},[39,23245,23246,23248,23250,23252,23254],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,23247,6013],{"class":572},[39,23249,21196],{"class":45},[39,23251,4312],{"class":49},[39,23253,64],{"class":57},[39,23255,598],{"class":53},[39,23257,23258,23261,23263,23265,23267,23269,23271,23273],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,23259,23260],{"class":45},"        numbers",[39,23262,3525],{"class":53},[39,23264,244],{"class":243},[39,23266,18380],{"class":247},[39,23268,244],{"class":243},[39,23270,12883],{"class":53},[39,23272,12886],{"class":49},[39,23274,23275],{"class":57}," 4\n",[20,23277,23278],{},"Changing the dictionary size while looping can cause errors.",[20,23280,23281],{},"A safer approach is to loop over a copied list of items:",[30,23283,23285],{"className":32,"code":23284,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nfor key, value in list(numbers.items()):\n    if value == 2:\n        numbers[\"d\"] = 4\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,23286,23287,23331,23335,23360,23372,23390,23394],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23288,23289,23291,23293,23295,23297,23299,23301,23303,23305,23307,23309,23311,23313,23315,23317,23319,23321,23323,23325,23327,23329],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23290,46],{"class":45},[39,23292,50],{"class":49},[39,23294,10103],{"class":53},[39,23296,244],{"class":243},[39,23298,173],{"class":247},[39,23300,244],{"class":243},[39,23302,145],{"class":53},[39,23304,595],{"class":57},[39,23306,61],{"class":53},[39,23308,255],{"class":243},[39,23310,1070],{"class":247},[39,23312,244],{"class":243},[39,23314,145],{"class":53},[39,23316,64],{"class":57},[39,23318,61],{"class":53},[39,23320,255],{"class":243},[39,23322,9352],{"class":247},[39,23324,244],{"class":243},[39,23326,145],{"class":53},[39,23328,73],{"class":57},[39,23330,8921],{"class":53},[39,23332,23333],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23334,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,23336,23337,23339,23341,23343,23345,23347,23349,23351,23353,23355,23357],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,23338,5574],{"class":572},[39,23340,21191],{"class":45},[39,23342,61],{"class":53},[39,23344,21196],{"class":45},[39,23346,1128],{"class":572},[39,23348,22171],{"class":2523},[39,23350,101],{"class":53},[39,23352,992],{"class":97},[39,23354,94],{"class":53},[39,23356,7426],{"class":97},[39,23358,23359],{"class":53},"()):\n",[39,23361,23362,23364,23366,23368,23370],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,23363,6013],{"class":572},[39,23365,21196],{"class":45},[39,23367,4312],{"class":49},[39,23369,64],{"class":57},[39,23371,598],{"class":53},[39,23373,23374,23376,23378,23380,23382,23384,23386,23388],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,23375,23260],{"class":45},[39,23377,3525],{"class":53},[39,23379,244],{"class":243},[39,23381,18380],{"class":247},[39,23383,244],{"class":243},[39,23385,12883],{"class":53},[39,23387,12886],{"class":49},[39,23389,23275],{"class":57},[39,23391,23392],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,23393,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,23395,23396,23398,23400,23402],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,23397,113],{"class":112},[39,23399,101],{"class":53},[39,23401,992],{"class":97},[39,23403,80],{"class":53},[223,23405,23407],{"id":23406},"forgetting-that-each-result-is-a-key-value-pair","Forgetting that each result is a key-value pair",[20,23409,23410],{},"If you print each item directly, you will see tuples:",[30,23412,23414],{"className":32,"code":23413,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"x\": 10, \"y\": 20}\n\nfor item in data.items():\n    print(item)\n",[15,23415,23416,23448,23452,23468],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23417,23418,23420,23422,23424,23426,23428,23430,23432,23434,23436,23438,23440,23442,23444,23446],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23419,8778],{"class":45},[39,23421,50],{"class":49},[39,23423,10103],{"class":53},[39,23425,244],{"class":243},[39,23427,1798],{"class":247},[39,23429,244],{"class":243},[39,23431,145],{"class":53},[39,23433,692],{"class":57},[39,23435,61],{"class":53},[39,23437,255],{"class":243},[39,23439,11357],{"class":247},[39,23441,244],{"class":243},[39,23443,145],{"class":53},[39,23445,687],{"class":57},[39,23447,8921],{"class":53},[39,23449,23450],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23451,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,23453,23454,23456,23458,23460,23462,23464,23466],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,23455,5574],{"class":572},[39,23457,5577],{"class":45},[39,23459,1128],{"class":572},[39,23461,14177],{"class":45},[39,23463,94],{"class":53},[39,23465,7426],{"class":97},[39,23467,21207],{"class":53},[39,23469,23470,23472,23474,23476],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,23471,603],{"class":112},[39,23473,101],{"class":53},[39,23475,22922],{"class":97},[39,23477,80],{"class":53},[20,23479,23480],{},[3367,23481,458],{},[30,23483,23485],{"className":32,"code":23484,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('x', 10)\n('y', 20)\n",[15,23486,23487,23503],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23488,23489,23491,23493,23495,23497,23499,23501],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23490,101],{"class":53},[39,23492,629],{"class":243},[39,23494,1798],{"class":247},[39,23496,629],{"class":243},[39,23498,61],{"class":53},[39,23500,692],{"class":57},[39,23502,80],{"class":53},[39,23504,23505,23507,23509,23511,23513,23515,23517],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23506,101],{"class":53},[39,23508,629],{"class":243},[39,23510,11357],{"class":247},[39,23512,629],{"class":243},[39,23514,61],{"class":53},[39,23516,687],{"class":57},[39,23518,80],{"class":53},[20,23520,23521,23522,23524],{},"That is normal. Each item is one ",[15,23523,21267],{}," pair.",[134,23526,1454],{"id":1453},[223,23528,23530,23531,1461],{"id":23529},"what-does-dictionary-items-return-in-python","What does dictionary ",[15,23532,16691],{},[20,23534,17035,23535,23537],{},[15,23536,21520],{}," view containing key-value pairs as tuples.",[223,23539,1468,23541,23543],{"id":23540},"does-items-return-a-list",[15,23542,16691],{}," return a list?",[20,23545,23546,23547,23550],{},"No. It returns a view object. Use ",[15,23548,23549],{},"list(my_dict.items())"," if you need a list.",[223,23552,23554,23555,929],{"id":23553},"can-i-loop-through-keys-and-values-with-items","Can I loop through keys and values with ",[15,23556,16691],{},[20,23558,23559],{},"Yes. Use this pattern:",[30,23561,23563],{"className":32,"code":23562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for key, value in my_dict.items():\n    print(key, value)\n",[15,23564,23565,23585],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23566,23567,23569,23571,23573,23575,23577,23579,23581,23583],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23568,5574],{"class":572},[39,23570,21191],{"class":45},[39,23572,61],{"class":53},[39,23574,21196],{"class":45},[39,23576,1128],{"class":572},[39,23578,11378],{"class":45},[39,23580,94],{"class":53},[39,23582,7426],{"class":97},[39,23584,21207],{"class":53},[39,23586,23587,23589,23591,23593,23595,23597],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23588,603],{"class":112},[39,23590,101],{"class":53},[39,23592,14452],{"class":97},[39,23594,61],{"class":53},[39,23596,8049],{"class":97},[39,23598,80],{"class":53},[223,23600,1468,23602,23604],{"id":23601},"does-items-change-the-dictionary",[15,23603,16691],{}," change the dictionary?",[20,23606,23607],{},"No. It only gives you a way to access the pairs.",[134,23609,1514],{"id":1513},[147,23611,23612,23618,23624,23629,23633],{},[150,23613,23614],{},[173,23615,10350,23616,1533],{"href":22498},[15,23617,16678],{},[150,23619,23620],{},[173,23621,10350,23622,1533],{"href":22506},[15,23623,16684],{},[150,23625,23626],{},[173,23627,23628],{"href":22086},"How to loop through a dictionary in Python",[150,23630,23631],{},[173,23632,8768],{"href":12635},[150,23634,23635],{},[173,23636,23637],{"href":21390},"What is a dictionary in Python",[1550,23639,23640],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":23642},[23643,23644,23646,23647,23648,23650,23651,23653,23655,23664,23674],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":21250,"depth":83,"text":23645},"What items() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":21581,"depth":83,"text":21582},{"id":21807,"depth":83,"text":23649},"Looping with items()",{"id":22090,"depth":83,"text":22091},{"id":22281,"depth":83,"text":23652},"items() vs keys() vs values()",{"id":22516,"depth":83,"text":23654},"When to use items()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":23656},[23657,23659,23661,23663],{"id":22711,"depth":109,"text":23658},"Trying to unpack items() incorrectly",{"id":22969,"depth":109,"text":23660},"Expecting items() to return a regular list",{"id":23161,"depth":109,"text":23662},"Changing the dictionary while looping over items()",{"id":23406,"depth":109,"text":23407},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":23665},[23666,23668,23670,23672],{"id":23529,"depth":109,"text":23667},"What does dictionary items() return in Python?",{"id":23540,"depth":109,"text":23669},"Does items() return a list?",{"id":23553,"depth":109,"text":23671},"Can I loop through keys and values with items()?",{"id":23601,"depth":109,"text":23673},"Does items() change the dictionary?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary items method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method",{"title":21118,"description":23675},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-items-method","dz02pJ9l_vREwqXyX6imIcVo-A5kVMhXWIOii6zXDtM",{"id":23682,"title":23683,"body":23684,"description":25774,"extension":1587,"meta":25775,"navigation":420,"path":22498,"seo":25776,"stem":25777,"__hash__":25778},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method.md","Python Dictionary keys() Method",{"type":7,"value":23685,"toc":25740},[23686,23691,23697,23700,23711,23718,23720,23803,23807,23854,23859,23864,23869,23871,23887,23889,23988,23992,24049,24052,24054,24057,24150,24154,24217,24220,24236,24241,24243,24245,24260,24262,24273,24275,24318,24321,24364,24367,24369,24376,24379,24396,24398,24491,24495,24536,24548,24552,24555,24643,24647,24667,24670,24697,24704,24709,24713,24724,24726,24830,24834,24860,24863,24930,24935,24938,24961,24966,24970,24975,24981,24986,24988,25043,25047,25074,25081,25087,25090,25115,25121,25147,25150,25225,25232,25237,25239,25278,25296,25300,25303,25346,25349,25351,25370,25372,25377,25402,25405,25475,25478,25551,25555,25557,25618,25621,25637,25639,25644,25649,25656,25665,25671,25677,25684,25690,25694,25699,25701,25737],[10,23687,10932,23689,18],{"id":23688},"python-dictionary-keys-method",[15,23690,16678],{},[20,23692,23693,23694,23696],{},"The Python dictionary ",[15,23695,16678],{}," method returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23698,23699],{},"It is useful when you want to:",[147,23701,23702,23705,23708],{},[150,23703,23704],{},"view the available keys",[150,23706,23707],{},"loop through dictionary keys",[150,23709,23710],{},"check what fields exist in a dictionary",[20,23712,23713,23715,23716,94],{},[15,23714,16678],{}," does not return a regular list. It returns a special object called ",[15,23717,16627],{},[134,23719,1629],{"id":1628},[30,23721,23723],{"className":32,"code":23722,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkeys = student.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\nprint(list(keys))\n",[15,23724,23725,23761,23775,23779,23789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23726,23727,23729,23731,23733,23735,23737,23739,23741,23743,23745,23747,23749,23751,23753,23755,23757,23759],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23728,12475],{"class":45},[39,23730,50],{"class":49},[39,23732,10103],{"class":53},[39,23734,244],{"class":243},[39,23736,7285],{"class":247},[39,23738,244],{"class":243},[39,23740,145],{"class":53},[39,23742,255],{"class":243},[39,23744,12492],{"class":247},[39,23746,244],{"class":243},[39,23748,61],{"class":53},[39,23750,255],{"class":243},[39,23752,8911],{"class":247},[39,23754,244],{"class":243},[39,23756,145],{"class":53},[39,23758,687],{"class":57},[39,23760,8921],{"class":53},[39,23762,23763,23765,23767,23769,23771,23773],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23764,16855],{"class":45},[39,23766,50],{"class":49},[39,23768,12518],{"class":45},[39,23770,94],{"class":53},[39,23772,16536],{"class":97},[39,23774,8257],{"class":53},[39,23776,23777],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,23778,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,23780,23781,23783,23785,23787],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,23782,113],{"class":112},[39,23784,101],{"class":53},[39,23786,16536],{"class":97},[39,23788,80],{"class":53},[39,23790,23791,23793,23795,23797,23799,23801],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,23792,113],{"class":112},[39,23794,101],{"class":53},[39,23796,7710],{"class":2523},[39,23798,101],{"class":53},[39,23800,16536],{"class":97},[39,23802,1026],{"class":53},[20,23804,23805],{},[3367,23806,458],{},[30,23808,23810],{"className":32,"code":23809,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n['name', 'age']\n",[15,23811,23812,23834],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23813,23814,23816,23818,23820,23822,23824,23826,23828,23830,23832],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23815,16627],{"class":97},[39,23817,2608],{"class":53},[39,23819,629],{"class":243},[39,23821,7285],{"class":247},[39,23823,629],{"class":243},[39,23825,61],{"class":53},[39,23827,2920],{"class":243},[39,23829,8911],{"class":247},[39,23831,629],{"class":243},[39,23833,3513],{"class":53},[39,23835,23836,23838,23840,23842,23844,23846,23848,23850,23852],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23837,3525],{"class":53},[39,23839,629],{"class":243},[39,23841,7285],{"class":247},[39,23843,629],{"class":243},[39,23845,61],{"class":53},[39,23847,2920],{"class":243},[39,23849,8911],{"class":247},[39,23851,629],{"class":243},[39,23853,3262],{"class":53},[20,23855,128,23856,23858],{},[15,23857,16678],{}," to get a view of all dictionary keys. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list output.",[134,23860,137,23862,140],{"id":23861},"what-keys-does",[15,23863,16678],{},[20,23865,23866,23868],{},[15,23867,16678],{}," is a dictionary method that returns all keys from a dictionary.",[20,23870,11071],{},[147,23872,23873,23876,23879,23884],{},[150,23874,23875],{},"It returns all keys from a dictionary",[150,23877,23878],{},"It does not need any arguments",[150,23880,17035,23881,23883],{},[15,23882,16627],{}," view object, not a list",[150,23885,23886],{},"The view updates if the dictionary changes",[20,23888,515],{},[30,23890,23892],{"className":32,"code":23891,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(person.keys())\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Paris\"\nprint(person.keys())\n",[15,23893,23894,23930,23934,23948,23952,23974],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23895,23896,23898,23900,23902,23904,23906,23908,23910,23912,23914,23916,23918,23920,23922,23924,23926,23928],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,23897,12814],{"class":45},[39,23899,50],{"class":49},[39,23901,10103],{"class":53},[39,23903,244],{"class":243},[39,23905,7285],{"class":247},[39,23907,244],{"class":243},[39,23909,145],{"class":53},[39,23911,255],{"class":243},[39,23913,12831],{"class":247},[39,23915,244],{"class":243},[39,23917,61],{"class":53},[39,23919,255],{"class":243},[39,23921,8911],{"class":247},[39,23923,244],{"class":243},[39,23925,145],{"class":53},[39,23927,8918],{"class":57},[39,23929,8921],{"class":53},[39,23931,23932],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,23933,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,23935,23936,23938,23940,23942,23944,23946],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,23937,113],{"class":112},[39,23939,101],{"class":53},[39,23941,16920],{"class":97},[39,23943,94],{"class":53},[39,23945,16536],{"class":97},[39,23947,6810],{"class":53},[39,23949,23950],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,23951,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,23953,23954,23956,23958,23960,23962,23964,23966,23968,23970,23972],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,23955,16920],{"class":45},[39,23957,3525],{"class":53},[39,23959,244],{"class":243},[39,23961,10021],{"class":247},[39,23963,244],{"class":243},[39,23965,12883],{"class":53},[39,23967,12886],{"class":49},[39,23969,255],{"class":243},[39,23971,10028],{"class":247},[39,23973,2983],{"class":243},[39,23975,23976,23978,23980,23982,23984,23986],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,23977,113],{"class":112},[39,23979,101],{"class":53},[39,23981,16920],{"class":97},[39,23983,94],{"class":53},[39,23985,16536],{"class":97},[39,23987,6810],{"class":53},[20,23989,23990],{},[3367,23991,458],{},[30,23993,23995],{"className":32,"code":23994,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_keys(['name', 'age', 'city'])\n",[15,23996,23997,24019],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,23998,23999,24001,24003,24005,24007,24009,24011,24013,24015,24017],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24000,16627],{"class":97},[39,24002,2608],{"class":53},[39,24004,629],{"class":243},[39,24006,7285],{"class":247},[39,24008,629],{"class":243},[39,24010,61],{"class":53},[39,24012,2920],{"class":243},[39,24014,8911],{"class":247},[39,24016,629],{"class":243},[39,24018,3513],{"class":53},[39,24020,24021,24023,24025,24027,24029,24031,24033,24035,24037,24039,24041,24043,24045,24047],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24022,16627],{"class":97},[39,24024,2608],{"class":53},[39,24026,629],{"class":243},[39,24028,7285],{"class":247},[39,24030,629],{"class":243},[39,24032,61],{"class":53},[39,24034,2920],{"class":243},[39,24036,8911],{"class":247},[39,24038,629],{"class":243},[39,24040,61],{"class":53},[39,24042,2920],{"class":243},[39,24044,10021],{"class":247},[39,24046,629],{"class":243},[39,24048,3513],{"class":53},[20,24050,24051],{},"Notice that the result updates after the dictionary changes.",[134,24053,5403],{"id":5402},[20,24055,24056],{},"Here is a simple example with a small dictionary:",[30,24058,24060],{"className":32,"code":24059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"grade\": \"A\"}\n\nprint(data.keys())\nprint(list(data.keys()))\n",[15,24061,24062,24114,24118,24132],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24063,24064,24066,24068,24070,24072,24074,24076,24078,24080,24082,24084,24086,24088,24090,24092,24094,24096,24098,24100,24102,24104,24106,24108,24110,24112],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24065,8778],{"class":45},[39,24067,50],{"class":49},[39,24069,10103],{"class":53},[39,24071,244],{"class":243},[39,24073,7285],{"class":247},[39,24075,244],{"class":243},[39,24077,145],{"class":53},[39,24079,255],{"class":243},[39,24081,12492],{"class":247},[39,24083,244],{"class":243},[39,24085,61],{"class":53},[39,24087,255],{"class":243},[39,24089,8911],{"class":247},[39,24091,244],{"class":243},[39,24093,145],{"class":53},[39,24095,687],{"class":57},[39,24097,61],{"class":53},[39,24099,255],{"class":243},[39,24101,19504],{"class":247},[39,24103,244],{"class":243},[39,24105,145],{"class":53},[39,24107,255],{"class":243},[39,24109,21857],{"class":247},[39,24111,244],{"class":243},[39,24113,8921],{"class":53},[39,24115,24116],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24117,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,24119,24120,24122,24124,24126,24128,24130],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,24121,113],{"class":112},[39,24123,101],{"class":53},[39,24125,8817],{"class":97},[39,24127,94],{"class":53},[39,24129,16536],{"class":97},[39,24131,6810],{"class":53},[39,24133,24134,24136,24138,24140,24142,24144,24146,24148],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,24135,113],{"class":112},[39,24137,101],{"class":53},[39,24139,7710],{"class":2523},[39,24141,101],{"class":53},[39,24143,8817],{"class":97},[39,24145,94],{"class":53},[39,24147,16536],{"class":97},[39,24149,5905],{"class":53},[20,24151,24152],{},[3367,24153,458],{},[30,24155,24157],{"className":32,"code":24156,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age', 'grade'])\n['name', 'age', 'grade']\n",[15,24158,24159,24189],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24160,24161,24163,24165,24167,24169,24171,24173,24175,24177,24179,24181,24183,24185,24187],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24162,16627],{"class":97},[39,24164,2608],{"class":53},[39,24166,629],{"class":243},[39,24168,7285],{"class":247},[39,24170,629],{"class":243},[39,24172,61],{"class":53},[39,24174,2920],{"class":243},[39,24176,8911],{"class":247},[39,24178,629],{"class":243},[39,24180,61],{"class":53},[39,24182,2920],{"class":243},[39,24184,19504],{"class":247},[39,24186,629],{"class":243},[39,24188,3513],{"class":53},[39,24190,24191,24193,24195,24197,24199,24201,24203,24205,24207,24209,24211,24213,24215],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24192,3525],{"class":53},[39,24194,629],{"class":243},[39,24196,7285],{"class":247},[39,24198,629],{"class":243},[39,24200,61],{"class":53},[39,24202,2920],{"class":243},[39,24204,8911],{"class":247},[39,24206,629],{"class":243},[39,24208,61],{"class":53},[39,24210,2920],{"class":243},[39,24212,19504],{"class":247},[39,24214,629],{"class":243},[39,24216,3262],{"class":53},[20,24218,24219],{},"This shows two things:",[147,24221,24222,24230],{},[150,24223,24224,21587,24227,24229],{},[15,24225,24226],{},"data.keys()",[15,24228,16627],{}," object",[150,24231,24232,24235],{},[15,24233,24234],{},"list(data.keys())"," converts it into a regular list",[20,24237,8764,24238,94],{},[173,24239,24240],{"href":9003},"how to create a dictionary in Python",[134,24242,5047],{"id":5046},[20,24244,1784],{},[30,24246,24248],{"className":32,"code":24247,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.keys()\n",[15,24249,24250],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24251,24252,24254,24256,24258],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24253,11062],{"class":45},[39,24255,94],{"class":53},[39,24257,16536],{"class":97},[39,24259,8257],{"class":53},[20,24261,21412],{},[147,24263,24264,24267,24270],{},[150,24265,24266],{},"It works only on dictionaries",[150,24268,24269],{},"It takes no parameters",[150,24271,24272],{},"You must include the parentheses",[20,24274,16268],{},[30,24276,24278],{"className":32,"code":24277,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys())\n",[15,24279,24280,24304],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24281,24282,24284,24286,24288,24290,24292,24294,24296,24298,24300,24302],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24283,12475],{"class":45},[39,24285,50],{"class":49},[39,24287,10103],{"class":53},[39,24289,244],{"class":243},[39,24291,7285],{"class":247},[39,24293,244],{"class":243},[39,24295,145],{"class":53},[39,24297,255],{"class":243},[39,24299,12492],{"class":247},[39,24301,244],{"class":243},[39,24303,8921],{"class":53},[39,24305,24306,24308,24310,24312,24314,24316],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24307,113],{"class":112},[39,24309,101],{"class":53},[39,24311,13236],{"class":97},[39,24313,94],{"class":53},[39,24315,16536],{"class":97},[39,24317,6810],{"class":53},[20,24319,24320],{},"Incorrect:",[30,24322,24324],{"className":32,"code":24323,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(student.keys)\n",[15,24325,24326,24350],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24327,24328,24330,24332,24334,24336,24338,24340,24342,24344,24346,24348],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24329,12475],{"class":45},[39,24331,50],{"class":49},[39,24333,10103],{"class":53},[39,24335,244],{"class":243},[39,24337,7285],{"class":247},[39,24339,244],{"class":243},[39,24341,145],{"class":53},[39,24343,255],{"class":243},[39,24345,12492],{"class":247},[39,24347,244],{"class":243},[39,24349,8921],{"class":53},[39,24351,24352,24354,24356,24358,24360,24362],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24353,113],{"class":112},[39,24355,101],{"class":53},[39,24357,13236],{"class":97},[39,24359,94],{"class":53},[39,24361,16536],{"class":997},[39,24363,80],{"class":53},[20,24365,24366],{},"Without parentheses, you are referring to the method itself, not calling it.",[134,24368,17032],{"id":17031},[20,24370,24371,21587,24373,24375],{},[15,24372,16678],{},[15,24374,16627],{}," object.",[20,24377,24378],{},"This object:",[147,24380,24381,24384,24387,24393],{},[150,24382,24383],{},"contains all keys in the dictionary",[150,24385,24386],{},"can be used in a loop",[150,24388,24389,24390],{},"can be converted with ",[15,24391,24392],{},"list()",[150,24394,24395],{},"is useful when checking available keys",[20,24397,515],{},[30,24399,24401],{"className":32,"code":24400,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2020}\n\nresult = car.keys()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,24402,24403,24444,24448,24463,24467,24477],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24404,24405,24408,24410,24412,24414,24417,24419,24421,24423,24426,24428,24430,24432,24435,24437,24439,24442],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24406,24407],{"class":45},"car ",[39,24409,50],{"class":49},[39,24411,10103],{"class":53},[39,24413,244],{"class":243},[39,24415,24416],{"class":247},"brand",[39,24418,244],{"class":243},[39,24420,145],{"class":53},[39,24422,255],{"class":243},[39,24424,24425],{"class":247},"Toyota",[39,24427,244],{"class":243},[39,24429,61],{"class":53},[39,24431,255],{"class":243},[39,24433,24434],{"class":247},"year",[39,24436,244],{"class":243},[39,24438,145],{"class":53},[39,24440,24441],{"class":57}," 2020",[39,24443,8921],{"class":53},[39,24445,24446],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24447,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,24449,24450,24452,24454,24457,24459,24461],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,24451,86],{"class":45},[39,24453,50],{"class":49},[39,24455,24456],{"class":45}," car",[39,24458,94],{"class":53},[39,24460,16536],{"class":97},[39,24462,8257],{"class":53},[39,24464,24465],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,24466,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,24468,24469,24471,24473,24475],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,24470,113],{"class":112},[39,24472,101],{"class":53},[39,24474,118],{"class":97},[39,24476,80],{"class":53},[39,24478,24479,24481,24483,24485,24487,24489],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,24480,113],{"class":112},[39,24482,101],{"class":53},[39,24484,2845],{"class":2523},[39,24486,101],{"class":53},[39,24488,118],{"class":97},[39,24490,1026],{"class":53},[20,24492,24493],{},[3367,24494,458],{},[30,24496,24498],{"className":32,"code":24497,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['brand', 'year'])\n\u003Cclass 'dict_keys'>\n",[15,24499,24500,24522],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24501,24502,24504,24506,24508,24510,24512,24514,24516,24518,24520],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24503,16627],{"class":97},[39,24505,2608],{"class":53},[39,24507,629],{"class":243},[39,24509,24416],{"class":247},[39,24511,629],{"class":243},[39,24513,61],{"class":53},[39,24515,2920],{"class":243},[39,24517,24434],{"class":247},[39,24519,629],{"class":243},[39,24521,3513],{"class":53},[39,24523,24524,24526,24528,24530,24532,24534],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24525,2914],{"class":49},[39,24527,2917],{"class":1689},[39,24529,2920],{"class":243},[39,24531,16627],{"class":247},[39,24533,629],{"class":243},[39,24535,2927],{"class":49},[20,24537,24538,24539,24543,24544,94],{},"If you want dictionary values instead, see the ",[173,24540,10350,24541,1533],{"href":16681},[15,24542,16684],{},". If you want both keys and values together, see the ",[173,24545,10350,24546,1533],{"href":16688},[15,24547,16691],{},[134,24549,24551],{"id":24550},"looping-through-dictionary-keys","Looping through dictionary keys",[20,24553,24554],{},"You can loop through the keys like this:",[30,24556,24558],{"className":32,"code":24557,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"course\": \"Math\"}\n\nfor key in student.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24559,24560,24613,24617,24633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24561,24562,24564,24566,24568,24570,24572,24574,24576,24578,24580,24582,24584,24586,24588,24590,24592,24594,24596,24598,24600,24602,24604,24606,24609,24611],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24563,12475],{"class":45},[39,24565,50],{"class":49},[39,24567,10103],{"class":53},[39,24569,244],{"class":243},[39,24571,7285],{"class":247},[39,24573,244],{"class":243},[39,24575,145],{"class":53},[39,24577,255],{"class":243},[39,24579,12492],{"class":247},[39,24581,244],{"class":243},[39,24583,61],{"class":53},[39,24585,255],{"class":243},[39,24587,8911],{"class":247},[39,24589,244],{"class":243},[39,24591,145],{"class":53},[39,24593,687],{"class":57},[39,24595,61],{"class":53},[39,24597,255],{"class":243},[39,24599,14940],{"class":247},[39,24601,244],{"class":243},[39,24603,145],{"class":53},[39,24605,255],{"class":243},[39,24607,24608],{"class":247},"Math",[39,24610,244],{"class":243},[39,24612,8921],{"class":53},[39,24614,24615],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24616,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,24618,24619,24621,24623,24625,24627,24629,24631],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,24620,5574],{"class":572},[39,24622,17821],{"class":45},[39,24624,1128],{"class":572},[39,24626,12518],{"class":45},[39,24628,94],{"class":53},[39,24630,16536],{"class":97},[39,24632,21207],{"class":53},[39,24634,24635,24637,24639,24641],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,24636,603],{"class":112},[39,24638,101],{"class":53},[39,24640,14452],{"class":97},[39,24642,80],{"class":53},[20,24644,24645],{},[3367,24646,458],{},[30,24648,24650],{"className":32,"code":24649,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name\nage\ncourse\n",[15,24651,24652,24657,24662],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24653,24654],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24655,24656],{"class":45},"name\n",[39,24658,24659],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24660,24661],{"class":45},"age\n",[39,24663,24664],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,24665,24666],{"class":45},"course\n",[20,24668,24669],{},"In most cases, this also works:",[30,24671,24673],{"className":32,"code":24672,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for key in student:\n    print(key)\n",[15,24674,24675,24687],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24676,24677,24679,24681,24683,24685],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24678,5574],{"class":572},[39,24680,17821],{"class":45},[39,24682,1128],{"class":572},[39,24684,12518],{"class":45},[39,24686,598],{"class":53},[39,24688,24689,24691,24693,24695],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24690,603],{"class":112},[39,24692,101],{"class":53},[39,24694,14452],{"class":97},[39,24696,80],{"class":53},[20,24698,24699,24700,24703],{},"Both are valid. For beginners, ",[15,24701,24702],{},"student.keys()"," is more explicit because it clearly shows that you are looping through keys.",[134,24705,4584,24707],{"id":24706},"when-to-use-keys",[15,24708,16678],{},[20,24710,128,24711,10214],{},[15,24712,16678],{},[147,24714,24715,24718,24721],{},[150,24716,24717],{},"you only need the dictionary keys",[150,24719,24720],{},"you want to display available fields",[150,24722,24723],{},"you want to inspect what keys exist in a dictionary",[20,24725,515],{},[30,24727,24729],{"className":32,"code":24728,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99, \"stock\": 5}\n\nprint(\"Available fields:\")\nfor key in product.keys():\n    print(key)\n",[15,24730,24731,24784,24788,24803,24820],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24732,24733,24736,24738,24740,24742,24744,24746,24748,24750,24753,24755,24757,24759,24762,24764,24766,24769,24771,24773,24776,24778,24780,24782],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24734,24735],{"class":45},"product ",[39,24737,50],{"class":49},[39,24739,10103],{"class":53},[39,24741,244],{"class":243},[39,24743,7285],{"class":247},[39,24745,244],{"class":243},[39,24747,145],{"class":53},[39,24749,255],{"class":243},[39,24751,24752],{"class":247},"Book",[39,24754,244],{"class":243},[39,24756,61],{"class":53},[39,24758,255],{"class":243},[39,24760,24761],{"class":247},"price",[39,24763,244],{"class":243},[39,24765,145],{"class":53},[39,24767,24768],{"class":57}," 12.99",[39,24770,61],{"class":53},[39,24772,255],{"class":243},[39,24774,24775],{"class":247},"stock",[39,24777,244],{"class":243},[39,24779,145],{"class":53},[39,24781,4228],{"class":57},[39,24783,8921],{"class":53},[39,24785,24786],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24787,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,24789,24790,24792,24794,24796,24799,24801],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,24791,113],{"class":112},[39,24793,101],{"class":53},[39,24795,244],{"class":243},[39,24797,24798],{"class":247},"Available fields:",[39,24800,244],{"class":243},[39,24802,80],{"class":53},[39,24804,24805,24807,24809,24811,24814,24816,24818],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,24806,5574],{"class":572},[39,24808,17821],{"class":45},[39,24810,1128],{"class":572},[39,24812,24813],{"class":45}," product",[39,24815,94],{"class":53},[39,24817,16536],{"class":97},[39,24819,21207],{"class":53},[39,24821,24822,24824,24826,24828],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,24823,603],{"class":112},[39,24825,101],{"class":53},[39,24827,14452],{"class":97},[39,24829,80],{"class":53},[20,24831,24832],{},[3367,24833,458],{},[30,24835,24837],{"className":32,"code":24836,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Available fields:\nname\nprice\nstock\n",[15,24838,24839,24846,24850,24855],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24840,24841,24844],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24842,24843],{"class":45},"Available fields",[39,24845,598],{"class":53},[39,24847,24848],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24849,24656],{"class":45},[39,24851,24852],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,24853,24854],{"class":45},"price\n",[39,24856,24857],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,24858,24859],{"class":45},"stock\n",[20,24861,24862],{},"You may also see membership checks like this:",[30,24864,24866],{"className":32,"code":24865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"product = {\"name\": \"Book\", \"price\": 12.99}\n\nprint(\"name\" in product.keys())\n",[15,24867,24868,24904,24908],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24869,24870,24872,24874,24876,24878,24880,24882,24884,24886,24888,24890,24892,24894,24896,24898,24900,24902],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24871,24735],{"class":45},[39,24873,50],{"class":49},[39,24875,10103],{"class":53},[39,24877,244],{"class":243},[39,24879,7285],{"class":247},[39,24881,244],{"class":243},[39,24883,145],{"class":53},[39,24885,255],{"class":243},[39,24887,24752],{"class":247},[39,24889,244],{"class":243},[39,24891,61],{"class":53},[39,24893,255],{"class":243},[39,24895,24761],{"class":247},[39,24897,244],{"class":243},[39,24899,145],{"class":53},[39,24901,24768],{"class":57},[39,24903,8921],{"class":53},[39,24905,24906],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,24907,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,24909,24910,24912,24914,24916,24918,24920,24922,24924,24926,24928],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,24911,113],{"class":112},[39,24913,101],{"class":53},[39,24915,244],{"class":243},[39,24917,7285],{"class":247},[39,24919,244],{"class":243},[39,24921,1149],{"class":572},[39,24923,24813],{"class":97},[39,24925,94],{"class":53},[39,24927,16536],{"class":97},[39,24929,6810],{"class":53},[20,24931,24932,24933,94],{},"This works and returns ",[15,24934,939],{},[20,24936,24937],{},"However, this is usually simpler:",[30,24939,24941],{"className":32,"code":24940,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"name\" in product)\n",[15,24942,24943],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24944,24945,24947,24949,24951,24953,24955,24957,24959],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24946,113],{"class":112},[39,24948,101],{"class":53},[39,24950,244],{"class":243},[39,24952,7285],{"class":247},[39,24954,244],{"class":243},[39,24956,1149],{"class":572},[39,24958,24813],{"class":97},[39,24960,80],{"class":53},[20,24962,24963,24964,94],{},"If you want to learn that pattern, see ",[173,24965,20818],{"href":16766},[134,24967,24969],{"id":24968},"common-beginner-confusion","Common beginner confusion",[20,24971,24972,24973,94],{},"Here are some common mistakes beginners make with ",[15,24974,16678],{},[223,24976,1030,24978,24980],{"id":24977},"expecting-keys-to-return-key-value-pairs",[15,24979,16678],{}," to return key-value pairs",[20,24982,24983,24985],{},[15,24984,16678],{}," returns only the keys.",[20,24987,515],{},[30,24989,24991],{"className":32,"code":24990,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(data.keys())\n",[15,24992,24993,25029],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,24994,24995,24997,24999,25001,25003,25005,25007,25009,25011,25013,25015,25017,25019,25021,25023,25025,25027],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,24996,8778],{"class":45},[39,24998,50],{"class":49},[39,25000,10103],{"class":53},[39,25002,244],{"class":243},[39,25004,7285],{"class":247},[39,25006,244],{"class":243},[39,25008,145],{"class":53},[39,25010,255],{"class":243},[39,25012,12492],{"class":247},[39,25014,244],{"class":243},[39,25016,61],{"class":53},[39,25018,255],{"class":243},[39,25020,8911],{"class":247},[39,25022,244],{"class":243},[39,25024,145],{"class":53},[39,25026,687],{"class":57},[39,25028,8921],{"class":53},[39,25030,25031,25033,25035,25037,25039,25041],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,25032,113],{"class":112},[39,25034,101],{"class":53},[39,25036,8817],{"class":97},[39,25038,94],{"class":53},[39,25040,16536],{"class":97},[39,25042,6810],{"class":53},[20,25044,25045],{},[3367,25046,458],{},[30,25048,25050],{"className":32,"code":25049,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\n",[15,25051,25052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25053,25054,25056,25058,25060,25062,25064,25066,25068,25070,25072],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25055,16627],{"class":97},[39,25057,2608],{"class":53},[39,25059,629],{"class":243},[39,25061,7285],{"class":247},[39,25063,629],{"class":243},[39,25065,61],{"class":53},[39,25067,2920],{"class":243},[39,25069,8911],{"class":247},[39,25071,629],{"class":243},[39,25073,3513],{"class":53},[20,25075,25076,25077,94],{},"If you want both keys and values, use ",[173,25078,25079],{"href":16688},[15,25080,16691],{},[223,25082,25084,25085],{"id":25083},"expecting-a-list-instead-of-dict_keys","Expecting a list instead of ",[15,25086,16627],{},[20,25088,25089],{},"Many beginners expect this:",[30,25091,25093],{"className":32,"code":25092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['name', 'age']\n",[15,25094,25095],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25096,25097,25099,25101,25103,25105,25107,25109,25111,25113],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25098,3525],{"class":53},[39,25100,629],{"class":243},[39,25102,7285],{"class":247},[39,25104,629],{"class":243},[39,25106,61],{"class":53},[39,25108,2920],{"class":243},[39,25110,8911],{"class":247},[39,25112,629],{"class":243},[39,25114,3262],{"class":53},[20,25116,25117,25118,25120],{},"But ",[15,25119,16678],{}," returns:",[30,25122,25123],{"className":32,"code":25049,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,25124,25125],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25126,25127,25129,25131,25133,25135,25137,25139,25141,25143,25145],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25128,16627],{"class":97},[39,25130,2608],{"class":53},[39,25132,629],{"class":243},[39,25134,7285],{"class":247},[39,25136,629],{"class":243},[39,25138,61],{"class":53},[39,25140,2920],{"class":243},[39,25142,8911],{"class":247},[39,25144,629],{"class":243},[39,25146,3513],{"class":53},[20,25148,25149],{},"If you need a real list, convert it:",[30,25151,25153],{"className":32,"code":25152,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nkey_list = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(key_list)\n",[15,25154,25155,25191,25210,25214],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25156,25157,25159,25161,25163,25165,25167,25169,25171,25173,25175,25177,25179,25181,25183,25185,25187,25189],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25158,8778],{"class":45},[39,25160,50],{"class":49},[39,25162,10103],{"class":53},[39,25164,244],{"class":243},[39,25166,7285],{"class":247},[39,25168,244],{"class":243},[39,25170,145],{"class":53},[39,25172,255],{"class":243},[39,25174,12492],{"class":247},[39,25176,244],{"class":243},[39,25178,61],{"class":53},[39,25180,255],{"class":243},[39,25182,8911],{"class":247},[39,25184,244],{"class":243},[39,25186,145],{"class":53},[39,25188,687],{"class":57},[39,25190,8921],{"class":53},[39,25192,25193,25196,25198,25200,25202,25204,25206,25208],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,25194,25195],{"class":45},"key_list ",[39,25197,50],{"class":49},[39,25199,22171],{"class":2523},[39,25201,101],{"class":53},[39,25203,8817],{"class":97},[39,25205,94],{"class":53},[39,25207,16536],{"class":97},[39,25209,6810],{"class":53},[39,25211,25212],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,25213,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,25215,25216,25218,25220,25223],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,25217,113],{"class":112},[39,25219,101],{"class":53},[39,25221,25222],{"class":97},"key_list",[39,25224,80],{"class":53},[223,25226,25228,25229,25231],{"id":25227},"trying-to-use-keys-on-a-list-or-string","Trying to use ",[15,25230,16678],{}," on a list or string",[20,25233,25234,25236],{},[15,25235,16678],{}," only works on dictionaries.",[20,25238,2458],{},[30,25240,25242],{"className":32,"code":25241,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.keys())\n",[15,25243,25244,25264],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25245,25246,25248,25250,25252,25254,25256,25258,25260,25262],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25247,46],{"class":45},[39,25249,50],{"class":49},[39,25251,3249],{"class":53},[39,25253,58],{"class":57},[39,25255,61],{"class":53},[39,25257,64],{"class":57},[39,25259,61],{"class":53},[39,25261,73],{"class":57},[39,25263,3262],{"class":53},[39,25265,25266,25268,25270,25272,25274,25276],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,25267,113],{"class":112},[39,25269,101],{"class":53},[39,25271,992],{"class":97},[39,25273,94],{"class":53},[39,25275,16536],{"class":97},[39,25277,6810],{"class":53},[20,25279,25280,25281,25284,25285,25287,25288,94],{},"You may get an ",[15,25282,25283],{},"AttributeError"," because lists do not have a ",[15,25286,16678],{}," method. If that happens, see ",[173,25289,25291,25292,25295],{"href":25290},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","how to fix ",[15,25293,25294],{},"'object has no attribute'"," errors in Python",[223,25297,25299],{"id":25298},"forgetting-parentheses","Forgetting parentheses",[20,25301,25302],{},"This is a very common mistake:",[30,25304,25306],{"className":32,"code":25305,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nprint(data.keys)\n",[15,25307,25308,25332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25309,25310,25312,25314,25316,25318,25320,25322,25324,25326,25328,25330],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25311,8778],{"class":45},[39,25313,50],{"class":49},[39,25315,10103],{"class":53},[39,25317,244],{"class":243},[39,25319,7285],{"class":247},[39,25321,244],{"class":243},[39,25323,145],{"class":53},[39,25325,255],{"class":243},[39,25327,12492],{"class":247},[39,25329,244],{"class":243},[39,25331,8921],{"class":53},[39,25333,25334,25336,25338,25340,25342,25344],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,25335,113],{"class":112},[39,25337,101],{"class":53},[39,25339,8817],{"class":97},[39,25341,94],{"class":53},[39,25343,16536],{"class":997},[39,25345,80],{"class":53},[20,25347,25348],{},"That prints the method object, not the keys.",[20,25350,18307],{},[30,25352,25354],{"className":32,"code":25353,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(data.keys())\n",[15,25355,25356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25357,25358,25360,25362,25364,25366,25368],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25359,113],{"class":112},[39,25361,101],{"class":53},[39,25363,8817],{"class":97},[39,25365,94],{"class":53},[39,25367,16536],{"class":97},[39,25369,6810],{"class":53},[134,25371,944],{"id":943},[20,25373,25374,25375,145],{},"These are the most common problems related to ",[15,25376,16678],{},[147,25378,25379,25384,25390,25396],{},[150,25380,948,25381,25383],{},[15,25382,16678],{}," on a non-dictionary object",[150,25385,25386,25387,25389],{},"Thinking ",[15,25388,16678],{}," returns values too",[150,25391,25392,25393,25395],{},"Trying to index ",[15,25394,16627],{}," like a normal list",[150,25397,25398,25399,25401],{},"Forgetting to convert ",[15,25400,16627],{}," to a list when needed",[20,25403,25404],{},"For example, this may not work the way you expect:",[30,25406,25408],{"className":32,"code":25407,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = data.keys()\n\nprint(keys)\n# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[15,25409,25410,25442,25456,25460,25470],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25411,25412,25414,25416,25418,25420,25422,25424,25426,25428,25430,25432,25434,25436,25438,25440],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25413,8778],{"class":45},[39,25415,50],{"class":49},[39,25417,10103],{"class":53},[39,25419,244],{"class":243},[39,25421,173],{"class":247},[39,25423,244],{"class":243},[39,25425,145],{"class":53},[39,25427,595],{"class":57},[39,25429,61],{"class":53},[39,25431,255],{"class":243},[39,25433,1070],{"class":247},[39,25435,244],{"class":243},[39,25437,145],{"class":53},[39,25439,64],{"class":57},[39,25441,8921],{"class":53},[39,25443,25444,25446,25448,25450,25452,25454],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,25445,16855],{"class":45},[39,25447,50],{"class":49},[39,25449,14177],{"class":45},[39,25451,94],{"class":53},[39,25453,16536],{"class":97},[39,25455,8257],{"class":53},[39,25457,25458],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,25459,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,25461,25462,25464,25466,25468],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,25463,113],{"class":112},[39,25465,101],{"class":53},[39,25467,16536],{"class":97},[39,25469,80],{"class":53},[39,25471,25472],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,25473,25474],{"class":124},"# print(keys[0])  # This may cause an error\n",[20,25476,25477],{},"If you need indexing, convert first:",[30,25479,25481],{"className":32,"code":25480,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nkeys = list(data.keys())\n\nprint(keys[0])\n",[15,25482,25483,25515,25533,25537],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25484,25485,25487,25489,25491,25493,25495,25497,25499,25501,25503,25505,25507,25509,25511,25513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25486,8778],{"class":45},[39,25488,50],{"class":49},[39,25490,10103],{"class":53},[39,25492,244],{"class":243},[39,25494,173],{"class":247},[39,25496,244],{"class":243},[39,25498,145],{"class":53},[39,25500,595],{"class":57},[39,25502,61],{"class":53},[39,25504,255],{"class":243},[39,25506,1070],{"class":247},[39,25508,244],{"class":243},[39,25510,145],{"class":53},[39,25512,64],{"class":57},[39,25514,8921],{"class":53},[39,25516,25517,25519,25521,25523,25525,25527,25529,25531],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,25518,16855],{"class":45},[39,25520,50],{"class":49},[39,25522,22171],{"class":2523},[39,25524,101],{"class":53},[39,25526,8817],{"class":97},[39,25528,94],{"class":53},[39,25530,16536],{"class":97},[39,25532,6810],{"class":53},[39,25534,25535],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,25536,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,25538,25539,25541,25543,25545,25547,25549],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,25540,113],{"class":112},[39,25542,101],{"class":53},[39,25544,16536],{"class":97},[39,25546,3525],{"class":53},[39,25548,221],{"class":57},[39,25550,3513],{"class":53},[134,25552,25554],{"id":25553},"debugging-tips","Debugging tips",[20,25556,10726],{},[30,25558,25560],{"className":32,"code":25559,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint(list(my_dict.keys()))\n",[15,25561,25562,25576,25586,25600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25563,25564,25566,25568,25570,25572,25574],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25565,113],{"class":112},[39,25567,101],{"class":53},[39,25569,2845],{"class":2523},[39,25571,101],{"class":53},[39,25573,11062],{"class":97},[39,25575,1026],{"class":53},[39,25577,25578,25580,25582,25584],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,25579,113],{"class":112},[39,25581,101],{"class":53},[39,25583,11062],{"class":97},[39,25585,80],{"class":53},[39,25587,25588,25590,25592,25594,25596,25598],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,25589,113],{"class":112},[39,25591,101],{"class":53},[39,25593,11062],{"class":97},[39,25595,94],{"class":53},[39,25597,16536],{"class":97},[39,25599,6810],{"class":53},[39,25601,25602,25604,25606,25608,25610,25612,25614,25616],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,25603,113],{"class":112},[39,25605,101],{"class":53},[39,25607,7710],{"class":2523},[39,25609,101],{"class":53},[39,25611,11062],{"class":97},[39,25613,94],{"class":53},[39,25615,16536],{"class":97},[39,25617,5905],{"class":53},[20,25619,25620],{},"These help you confirm:",[147,25622,25623,25626,25629,25634],{},[150,25624,25625],{},"whether the variable is really a dictionary",[150,25627,25628],{},"what data it contains",[150,25630,25631,25632,11317],{},"what ",[15,25633,16678],{},[150,25635,25636],{},"what the keys look like as a list",[134,25638,1454],{"id":1453},[223,25640,23530,25642,1461],{"id":25641},"what-does-dictionary-keys-return-in-python",[15,25643,16678],{},[20,25645,17035,25646,25648],{},[15,25647,16627],{}," view object containing all keys in the dictionary.",[223,25650,14514,25652,25655],{"id":25651},"is-dictkeys-a-list",[15,25653,25654],{},"dict.keys()"," a list?",[20,25657,25658,25659,25661,25662,94],{},"No. It returns a ",[15,25660,16627],{}," object. You can convert it with ",[15,25663,25664],{},"list(dict.keys())",[223,25666,25668,25669,929],{"id":25667},"can-i-loop-through-dictkeys","Can I loop through ",[15,25670,25654],{},[20,25672,25673,25674,25676],{},"Yes. You can use it in a ",[15,25675,5574],{}," loop.",[223,25678,25680,25681,25683],{"id":25679},"do-i-need-to-use-keys-to-loop-through-a-dictionary","Do I need to use ",[15,25682,16678],{}," to loop through a dictionary?",[20,25685,25686,25687,25689],{},"No. You can loop directly over the dictionary, but ",[15,25688,16678],{}," makes your intent clearer.",[223,25691,25693],{"id":25692},"how-do-i-get-the-keys-as-a-list","How do I get the keys as a list?",[20,25695,128,25696,94],{},[15,25697,25698],{},"list(my_dict.keys())",[134,25700,1514],{"id":1513},[147,25702,25703,25708,25714,25720,25726,25730],{},[150,25704,25705],{},[173,25706,25707],{"href":9003},"How to create a dictionary in Python",[150,25709,25710],{},[173,25711,10350,25712,1533],{"href":16681},[15,25713,16684],{},[150,25715,25716],{},[173,25717,10350,25718,1533],{"href":16688},[15,25719,16691],{},[150,25721,25722],{},[173,25723,25725],{"href":25724},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-keys-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all keys from a dictionary in Python",[150,25727,25728],{},[173,25729,16767],{"href":16766},[150,25731,25732],{},[173,25733,25734,25735,25295],{"href":25290},"How to fix ",[15,25736,25294],{},[1550,25738,25739],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":25741},[25742,25743,25745,25746,25747,25748,25749,25751,25760,25761,25762,25773],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":23861,"depth":83,"text":25744},"What keys() does",{"id":5402,"depth":83,"text":5403},{"id":5046,"depth":83,"text":5047},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":24550,"depth":83,"text":24551},{"id":24706,"depth":83,"text":25750},"When to use keys()",{"id":24968,"depth":83,"text":24969,"children":25752},[25753,25755,25757,25759],{"id":24977,"depth":109,"text":25754},"Expecting keys() to return key-value pairs",{"id":25083,"depth":109,"text":25756},"Expecting a list instead of dict_keys",{"id":25227,"depth":109,"text":25758},"Trying to use keys() on a list or string",{"id":25298,"depth":109,"text":25299},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":25553,"depth":83,"text":25554},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":25763},[25764,25766,25768,25770,25772],{"id":25641,"depth":109,"text":25765},"What does dictionary keys() return in Python?",{"id":25651,"depth":109,"text":25767},"Is dict.keys() a list?",{"id":25667,"depth":109,"text":25769},"Can I loop through dict.keys()?",{"id":25679,"depth":109,"text":25771},"Do I need to use keys() to loop through a dictionary?",{"id":25692,"depth":109,"text":25693},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary keys method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":23683,"description":25774},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-keys-method","yoVvP2jVvnq--2L4aIR-uzvril2Qb_tpY3cJkvKn9RU",{"id":25780,"title":25781,"body":25782,"description":28054,"extension":1587,"meta":28055,"navigation":420,"path":28056,"seo":28057,"stem":28058,"__hash__":28059},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method.md","Python Dictionary pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":25783,"toc":28007},[25784,25789,25794,25797,25799,25945,25958,25963,25967,25981,25983,26086,26095,26097,26100,26138,26163,26165,26272,26274,26281,26284,26292,26294,26435,26443,26448,26452,26463,26465,26627,26630,26638,26645,26651,26748,26754,26831,26834,26846,26851,26857,26860,26864,26953,26956,26960,27064,27071,27158,27167,27169,27174,27180,27183,27229,27232,27298,27307,27313,27405,27411,27417,27460,27463,27528,27534,27626,27629,27633,27639,27664,27667,27763,27770,27772,27777,27868,27870,27898,27903,27905,27912,27915,27919,27929,27934,27937,27944,27954,27961,27969,27971,28004],[10,25785,10932,25787,18],{"id":25786},"python-dictionary-pop-method",[15,25788,12374],{},[20,25790,25791,25793],{},[15,25792,12181],{}," removes a key from a dictionary and returns the value that was stored under that key.",[20,25795,25796],{},"This method is useful when you want to delete a key and still keep its value for later use. It is also a common way to remove a key safely when you provide a default value.",[134,25798,3235],{"id":3234},[30,25800,25802],{"className":32,"code":25801,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nremoved_age = person.pop(\"age\")\nprint(removed_age)   # 25\nprint(person)        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n\n# Safe version with default value\ncountry = person.pop(\"country\", \"Not found\")\nprint(country)       # Not found\n",[15,25803,25804,25840,25864,25878,25891,25895,25900,25932],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25805,25806,25808,25810,25812,25814,25816,25818,25820,25822,25824,25826,25828,25830,25832,25834,25836,25838],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25807,12814],{"class":45},[39,25809,50],{"class":49},[39,25811,10103],{"class":53},[39,25813,244],{"class":243},[39,25815,7285],{"class":247},[39,25817,244],{"class":243},[39,25819,145],{"class":53},[39,25821,255],{"class":243},[39,25823,12492],{"class":247},[39,25825,244],{"class":243},[39,25827,61],{"class":53},[39,25829,255],{"class":243},[39,25831,8911],{"class":247},[39,25833,244],{"class":243},[39,25835,145],{"class":53},[39,25837,8918],{"class":57},[39,25839,8921],{"class":53},[39,25841,25842,25845,25847,25849,25851,25854,25856,25858,25860,25862],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,25843,25844],{"class":45},"removed_age ",[39,25846,50],{"class":49},[39,25848,12857],{"class":45},[39,25850,94],{"class":53},[39,25852,25853],{"class":97},"pop",[39,25855,101],{"class":53},[39,25857,244],{"class":243},[39,25859,8911],{"class":247},[39,25861,244],{"class":243},[39,25863,80],{"class":53},[39,25865,25866,25868,25870,25873,25875],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,25867,113],{"class":112},[39,25869,101],{"class":53},[39,25871,25872],{"class":97},"removed_age",[39,25874,121],{"class":53},[39,25876,25877],{"class":124},"   # 25\n",[39,25879,25880,25882,25884,25886,25888],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,25881,113],{"class":112},[39,25883,101],{"class":53},[39,25885,16920],{"class":97},[39,25887,121],{"class":53},[39,25889,25890],{"class":124},"        # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[39,25892,25893],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,25894,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,25896,25897],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,25898,25899],{"class":124},"# Safe version with default value\n",[39,25901,25902,25905,25907,25909,25911,25913,25915,25917,25919,25921,25923,25925,25928,25930],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,25903,25904],{"class":45},"country ",[39,25906,50],{"class":49},[39,25908,12857],{"class":45},[39,25910,94],{"class":53},[39,25912,25853],{"class":97},[39,25914,101],{"class":53},[39,25916,244],{"class":243},[39,25918,14873],{"class":247},[39,25920,244],{"class":243},[39,25922,61],{"class":53},[39,25924,255],{"class":243},[39,25926,25927],{"class":247},"Not found",[39,25929,244],{"class":243},[39,25931,80],{"class":53},[39,25933,25934,25936,25938,25940,25942],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,25935,113],{"class":112},[39,25937,101],{"class":53},[39,25939,14873],{"class":97},[39,25941,121],{"class":53},[39,25943,25944],{"class":124},"       # Not found\n",[20,25946,128,25947,25950,25951,25954,25955,25957],{},[15,25948,25949],{},"pop(key)"," to remove a key and get its value. Use ",[15,25952,25953],{},"pop(key, default)"," to avoid a ",[15,25956,19300],{}," when the key might not exist.",[134,25959,137,25961,140],{"id":25960},"what-dictpop-does",[15,25962,12181],{},[20,25964,25965,145],{},[15,25966,12181],{},[147,25968,25969,25972,25975,25978],{},[150,25970,25971],{},"Removes one key from a dictionary",[150,25973,25974],{},"Returns the value that belonged to that key",[150,25976,25977],{},"Changes the original dictionary",[150,25979,25980],{},"Works only with dictionary keys, not positions",[20,25982,515],{},[30,25984,25986],{"className":32,"code":25985,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\"name\": \"Liam\", \"city\": \"Paris\"}\n\nremoved_city = user.pop(\"city\")\n\nprint(removed_city)  # Paris\nprint(user)          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[15,25987,25988,26028,26032,26055,26059,26073],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,25989,25990,25992,25994,25996,25998,26000,26002,26004,26006,26008,26010,26012,26014,26016,26018,26020,26022,26024,26026],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,25991,11099],{"class":45},[39,25993,50],{"class":49},[39,25995,10103],{"class":53},[39,25997,244],{"class":243},[39,25999,7285],{"class":247},[39,26001,244],{"class":243},[39,26003,145],{"class":53},[39,26005,255],{"class":243},[39,26007,12831],{"class":247},[39,26009,244],{"class":243},[39,26011,61],{"class":53},[39,26013,255],{"class":243},[39,26015,10021],{"class":247},[39,26017,244],{"class":243},[39,26019,145],{"class":53},[39,26021,255],{"class":243},[39,26023,10028],{"class":247},[39,26025,244],{"class":243},[39,26027,8921],{"class":53},[39,26029,26030],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26031,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26033,26034,26037,26039,26041,26043,26045,26047,26049,26051,26053],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,26035,26036],{"class":45},"removed_city ",[39,26038,50],{"class":49},[39,26040,11182],{"class":45},[39,26042,94],{"class":53},[39,26044,25853],{"class":97},[39,26046,101],{"class":53},[39,26048,244],{"class":243},[39,26050,10021],{"class":247},[39,26052,244],{"class":243},[39,26054,80],{"class":53},[39,26056,26057],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,26058,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26060,26061,26063,26065,26068,26070],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,26062,113],{"class":112},[39,26064,101],{"class":53},[39,26066,26067],{"class":97},"removed_city",[39,26069,121],{"class":53},[39,26071,26072],{"class":124},"  # Paris\n",[39,26074,26075,26077,26079,26081,26083],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,26076,113],{"class":112},[39,26078,101],{"class":53},[39,26080,11193],{"class":97},[39,26082,121],{"class":53},[39,26084,26085],{"class":124},"          # {'name': 'Liam'}\n",[20,26087,20383,26088,26091,26092,94],{},[15,26089,26090],{},"\"city\""," is the key being removed. The method returns its value, which is ",[15,26093,26094],{},"\"Paris\"",[134,26096,1781],{"id":1780},[20,26098,26099],{},"There are two common forms:",[30,26101,26103],{"className":32,"code":26102,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.pop(key)\nmy_dict.pop(key, default)\n",[15,26104,26105,26119],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26106,26107,26109,26111,26113,26115,26117],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26108,11062],{"class":45},[39,26110,94],{"class":53},[39,26112,25853],{"class":97},[39,26114,101],{"class":53},[39,26116,14452],{"class":97},[39,26118,80],{"class":53},[39,26120,26121,26123,26125,26127,26129,26131,26133,26136],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26122,11062],{"class":45},[39,26124,94],{"class":53},[39,26126,25853],{"class":97},[39,26128,101],{"class":53},[39,26130,14452],{"class":97},[39,26132,61],{"class":53},[39,26134,26135],{"class":97}," default",[39,26137,80],{"class":53},[147,26139,26140,26146,26154,26160],{},[150,26141,26142,26145],{},[15,26143,26144],{},"dict.pop(key)"," removes the key if it exists",[150,26147,26148,26150,26151,26153],{},[15,26149,26144],{}," raises ",[15,26152,19300],{}," if the key is missing",[150,26155,26156,26159],{},[15,26157,26158],{},"dict.pop(key, default)"," returns the default value if the key is missing",[150,26161,26162],{},"The second form is safer when you are not sure the key exists",[20,26164,515],{},[30,26166,26168],{"className":32,"code":26167,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"science\": 85}\n\nprint(scores.pop(\"math\"))         # 90\nprint(scores.pop(\"history\", 0))   # 0\nprint(scores)                     # {'science': 85}\n",[15,26169,26170,26202,26206,26231,26259],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26171,26172,26174,26176,26178,26180,26182,26184,26186,26188,26190,26192,26194,26196,26198,26200],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26173,675],{"class":45},[39,26175,50],{"class":49},[39,26177,10103],{"class":53},[39,26179,244],{"class":243},[39,26181,18029],{"class":247},[39,26183,244],{"class":243},[39,26185,145],{"class":53},[39,26187,19511],{"class":57},[39,26189,61],{"class":53},[39,26191,255],{"class":243},[39,26193,18038],{"class":247},[39,26195,244],{"class":243},[39,26197,145],{"class":53},[39,26199,13117],{"class":57},[39,26201,8921],{"class":53},[39,26203,26204],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26205,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26207,26208,26210,26212,26214,26216,26218,26220,26222,26224,26226,26228],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,26209,113],{"class":112},[39,26211,101],{"class":53},[39,26213,16001],{"class":97},[39,26215,94],{"class":53},[39,26217,25853],{"class":97},[39,26219,101],{"class":53},[39,26221,244],{"class":243},[39,26223,18029],{"class":247},[39,26225,244],{"class":243},[39,26227,303],{"class":53},[39,26229,26230],{"class":124},"         # 90\n",[39,26232,26233,26235,26237,26239,26241,26243,26245,26247,26249,26251,26253,26255,26257],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,26234,113],{"class":112},[39,26236,101],{"class":53},[39,26238,16001],{"class":97},[39,26240,94],{"class":53},[39,26242,25853],{"class":97},[39,26244,101],{"class":53},[39,26246,244],{"class":243},[39,26248,18047],{"class":247},[39,26250,244],{"class":243},[39,26252,61],{"class":53},[39,26254,3458],{"class":57},[39,26256,303],{"class":53},[39,26258,20380],{"class":124},[39,26260,26261,26263,26265,26267,26269],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,26262,113],{"class":112},[39,26264,101],{"class":53},[39,26266,16001],{"class":97},[39,26268,121],{"class":53},[39,26270,26271],{"class":124},"                     # {'science': 85}\n",[134,26273,17032],{"id":17031},[20,26275,26276,13664,26278,26280],{},[15,26277,12374],{},[3367,26279,4254],{}," return the updated dictionary.",[20,26282,26283],{},"Instead, it returns:",[147,26285,26286,26289],{},[150,26287,26288],{},"The removed value when the key exists",[150,26290,26291],{},"The default value if you provided one and the key is missing",[20,26293,515],{},[30,26295,26297],{"className":32,"code":26296,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 10, \"b\": 20}\n\nresult1 = data.pop(\"a\")\nresult2 = data.pop(\"c\", \"missing\")\n\nprint(result1)  # 10\nprint(result2)  # missing\nprint(data)     # {'b': 20}\n",[15,26298,26299,26331,26335,26358,26390,26394,26408,26422],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26300,26301,26303,26305,26307,26309,26311,26313,26315,26317,26319,26321,26323,26325,26327,26329],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26302,8778],{"class":45},[39,26304,50],{"class":49},[39,26306,10103],{"class":53},[39,26308,244],{"class":243},[39,26310,173],{"class":247},[39,26312,244],{"class":243},[39,26314,145],{"class":53},[39,26316,692],{"class":57},[39,26318,61],{"class":53},[39,26320,255],{"class":243},[39,26322,1070],{"class":247},[39,26324,244],{"class":243},[39,26326,145],{"class":53},[39,26328,687],{"class":57},[39,26330,8921],{"class":53},[39,26332,26333],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26334,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26336,26337,26340,26342,26344,26346,26348,26350,26352,26354,26356],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,26338,26339],{"class":45},"result1 ",[39,26341,50],{"class":49},[39,26343,14177],{"class":45},[39,26345,94],{"class":53},[39,26347,25853],{"class":97},[39,26349,101],{"class":53},[39,26351,244],{"class":243},[39,26353,173],{"class":247},[39,26355,244],{"class":243},[39,26357,80],{"class":53},[39,26359,26360,26363,26365,26367,26369,26371,26373,26375,26377,26379,26381,26383,26386,26388],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,26361,26362],{"class":45},"result2 ",[39,26364,50],{"class":49},[39,26366,14177],{"class":45},[39,26368,94],{"class":53},[39,26370,25853],{"class":97},[39,26372,101],{"class":53},[39,26374,244],{"class":243},[39,26376,9352],{"class":247},[39,26378,244],{"class":243},[39,26380,61],{"class":53},[39,26382,255],{"class":243},[39,26384,26385],{"class":247},"missing",[39,26387,244],{"class":243},[39,26389,80],{"class":53},[39,26391,26392],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,26393,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26395,26396,26398,26400,26403,26405],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,26397,113],{"class":112},[39,26399,101],{"class":53},[39,26401,26402],{"class":97},"result1",[39,26404,121],{"class":53},[39,26406,26407],{"class":124},"  # 10\n",[39,26409,26410,26412,26414,26417,26419],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,26411,113],{"class":112},[39,26413,101],{"class":53},[39,26415,26416],{"class":97},"result2",[39,26418,121],{"class":53},[39,26420,26421],{"class":124},"  # missing\n",[39,26423,26424,26426,26428,26430,26432],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,26425,113],{"class":112},[39,26427,101],{"class":53},[39,26429,8817],{"class":97},[39,26431,121],{"class":53},[39,26433,26434],{"class":124},"     # {'b': 20}\n",[20,26436,26437,26438,6247],{},"If you only want to read a value without removing it, use ",[173,26439,26440],{"href":10349},[15,26441,26442],{},"dict.get()",[134,26444,4584,26446],{"id":26445},"when-to-use-pop",[15,26447,12374],{},[20,26449,128,26450,10214],{},[15,26451,12374],{},[147,26453,26454,26457,26460],{},[150,26455,26456],{},"You want to remove a key and keep its value",[150,26458,26459],{},"You are processing dictionary data step by step",[150,26461,26462],{},"You are cleaning or extracting values from a dictionary",[20,26464,515],{},[30,26466,26468],{"className":32,"code":26467,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"product = {\"name\": \"Laptop\", \"price\": 1200, \"discount\": 200}\n\ndiscount_amount = product.pop(\"discount\", 0)\n\nfinal_price = product[\"price\"] - discount_amount\n\nprint(discount_amount)  # 200\nprint(final_price)      # 1000\nprint(product)          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[15,26469,26470,26522,26526,26553,26557,26581,26585,26599,26613],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26471,26472,26474,26476,26478,26480,26482,26484,26486,26488,26491,26493,26495,26497,26499,26501,26503,26506,26508,26510,26513,26515,26517,26520],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26473,24735],{"class":45},[39,26475,50],{"class":49},[39,26477,10103],{"class":53},[39,26479,244],{"class":243},[39,26481,7285],{"class":247},[39,26483,244],{"class":243},[39,26485,145],{"class":53},[39,26487,255],{"class":243},[39,26489,26490],{"class":247},"Laptop",[39,26492,244],{"class":243},[39,26494,61],{"class":53},[39,26496,255],{"class":243},[39,26498,24761],{"class":247},[39,26500,244],{"class":243},[39,26502,145],{"class":53},[39,26504,26505],{"class":57}," 1200",[39,26507,61],{"class":53},[39,26509,255],{"class":243},[39,26511,26512],{"class":247},"discount",[39,26514,244],{"class":243},[39,26516,145],{"class":53},[39,26518,26519],{"class":57}," 200",[39,26521,8921],{"class":53},[39,26523,26524],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26525,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26527,26528,26531,26533,26535,26537,26539,26541,26543,26545,26547,26549,26551],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,26529,26530],{"class":45},"discount_amount ",[39,26532,50],{"class":49},[39,26534,24813],{"class":45},[39,26536,94],{"class":53},[39,26538,25853],{"class":97},[39,26540,101],{"class":53},[39,26542,244],{"class":243},[39,26544,26512],{"class":247},[39,26546,244],{"class":243},[39,26548,61],{"class":53},[39,26550,3458],{"class":57},[39,26552,80],{"class":53},[39,26554,26555],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,26556,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26558,26559,26562,26564,26566,26568,26570,26572,26574,26576,26578],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,26560,26561],{"class":45},"final_price ",[39,26563,50],{"class":49},[39,26565,24813],{"class":45},[39,26567,3525],{"class":53},[39,26569,244],{"class":243},[39,26571,24761],{"class":247},[39,26573,244],{"class":243},[39,26575,12883],{"class":53},[39,26577,1847],{"class":49},[39,26579,26580],{"class":45}," discount_amount\n",[39,26582,26583],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,26584,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26586,26587,26589,26591,26594,26596],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,26588,113],{"class":112},[39,26590,101],{"class":53},[39,26592,26593],{"class":97},"discount_amount",[39,26595,121],{"class":53},[39,26597,26598],{"class":124},"  # 200\n",[39,26600,26601,26603,26605,26608,26610],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,26602,113],{"class":112},[39,26604,101],{"class":53},[39,26606,26607],{"class":97},"final_price",[39,26609,121],{"class":53},[39,26611,26612],{"class":124},"      # 1000\n",[39,26614,26615,26617,26619,26622,26624],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,26616,113],{"class":112},[39,26618,101],{"class":53},[39,26620,26621],{"class":97},"product",[39,26623,121],{"class":53},[39,26625,26626],{"class":124},"          # {'name': 'Laptop', 'price': 1200}\n",[20,26628,26629],{},"This is helpful when you want to take one piece of data out and then continue working with the remaining dictionary.",[134,26631,26633,10198,26635],{"id":26632},"pop-vs-del",[15,26634,12374],{},[15,26636,26637],{},"del",[20,26639,10203,26640,796,26642,26644],{},[15,26641,12374],{},[15,26643,26637],{}," can remove a key from a dictionary, but they are not the same.",[223,26646,128,26648,26650],{"id":26647},"use-pop-when-you-need-the-removed-value",[15,26649,12374],{}," when you need the removed value",[30,26652,26654],{"className":32,"code":26653,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nage = person.pop(\"age\")\n\nprint(age)     # 25\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26655,26656,26692,26696,26718,26722,26735],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26657,26658,26660,26662,26664,26666,26668,26670,26672,26674,26676,26678,26680,26682,26684,26686,26688,26690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26659,12814],{"class":45},[39,26661,50],{"class":49},[39,26663,10103],{"class":53},[39,26665,244],{"class":243},[39,26667,7285],{"class":247},[39,26669,244],{"class":243},[39,26671,145],{"class":53},[39,26673,255],{"class":243},[39,26675,12492],{"class":247},[39,26677,244],{"class":243},[39,26679,61],{"class":53},[39,26681,255],{"class":243},[39,26683,8911],{"class":247},[39,26685,244],{"class":243},[39,26687,145],{"class":53},[39,26689,8918],{"class":57},[39,26691,8921],{"class":53},[39,26693,26694],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26695,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26697,26698,26700,26702,26704,26706,26708,26710,26712,26714,26716],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,26699,21240],{"class":45},[39,26701,50],{"class":49},[39,26703,12857],{"class":45},[39,26705,94],{"class":53},[39,26707,25853],{"class":97},[39,26709,101],{"class":53},[39,26711,244],{"class":243},[39,26713,8911],{"class":247},[39,26715,244],{"class":243},[39,26717,80],{"class":53},[39,26719,26720],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,26721,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26723,26724,26726,26728,26730,26732],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,26725,113],{"class":112},[39,26727,101],{"class":53},[39,26729,8911],{"class":97},[39,26731,121],{"class":53},[39,26733,26734],{"class":124},"     # 25\n",[39,26736,26737,26739,26741,26743,26745],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,26738,113],{"class":112},[39,26740,101],{"class":53},[39,26742,16920],{"class":97},[39,26744,121],{"class":53},[39,26746,26747],{"class":124},"  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[223,26749,128,26751,26753],{"id":26750},"use-del-when-you-only-want-deletion",[15,26752,26637],{}," when you only want deletion",[30,26755,26757],{"className":32,"code":26756,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\ndel person[\"age\"]\n\nprint(person)  # {'name': 'Ana'}\n",[15,26758,26759,26795,26799,26815,26819],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26760,26761,26763,26765,26767,26769,26771,26773,26775,26777,26779,26781,26783,26785,26787,26789,26791,26793],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26762,12814],{"class":45},[39,26764,50],{"class":49},[39,26766,10103],{"class":53},[39,26768,244],{"class":243},[39,26770,7285],{"class":247},[39,26772,244],{"class":243},[39,26774,145],{"class":53},[39,26776,255],{"class":243},[39,26778,12492],{"class":247},[39,26780,244],{"class":243},[39,26782,61],{"class":53},[39,26784,255],{"class":243},[39,26786,8911],{"class":247},[39,26788,244],{"class":243},[39,26790,145],{"class":53},[39,26792,8918],{"class":57},[39,26794,8921],{"class":53},[39,26796,26797],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26798,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26800,26801,26803,26805,26807,26809,26811,26813],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,26802,26637],{"class":572},[39,26804,12857],{"class":45},[39,26806,3525],{"class":53},[39,26808,244],{"class":243},[39,26810,8911],{"class":247},[39,26812,244],{"class":243},[39,26814,3262],{"class":53},[39,26816,26817],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,26818,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26820,26821,26823,26825,26827,26829],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,26822,113],{"class":112},[39,26824,101],{"class":53},[39,26826,16920],{"class":97},[39,26828,121],{"class":53},[39,26830,26747],{"class":124},[20,26832,26833],{},"Difference:",[147,26835,26836,26841],{},[150,26837,26838,26840],{},[15,26839,12374],{}," removes a key and returns its value",[150,26842,26843,26845],{},[15,26844,26637],{}," removes a key but does not return the value",[20,26847,26848,26849,94],{},"If your goal is simply to remove a key, see ",[173,26850,12186],{"href":12185},[134,26852,26854,26855],{"id":26853},"how-to-avoid-keyerror","How to avoid ",[15,26856,19300],{},[20,26858,26859],{},"A common beginner problem is trying to remove a key that does not exist.",[223,26861,26863],{"id":26862},"option-1-use-a-default-value","Option 1: Use a default value",[30,26865,26867],{"className":32,"code":26866,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.pop(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,26868,26869,26894,26898,26924,26928,26940],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26870,26871,26873,26875,26877,26879,26881,26883,26885,26887,26890,26892],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26872,11336],{"class":45},[39,26874,50],{"class":49},[39,26876,10103],{"class":53},[39,26878,244],{"class":243},[39,26880,7285],{"class":247},[39,26882,244],{"class":243},[39,26884,145],{"class":53},[39,26886,255],{"class":243},[39,26888,26889],{"class":247},"Sara",[39,26891,244],{"class":243},[39,26893,8921],{"class":53},[39,26895,26896],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26897,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26899,26900,26902,26904,26906,26908,26910,26912,26914,26916,26918,26920,26922],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,26901,2070],{"class":45},[39,26903,50],{"class":49},[39,26905,11378],{"class":45},[39,26907,94],{"class":53},[39,26909,25853],{"class":97},[39,26911,101],{"class":53},[39,26913,244],{"class":243},[39,26915,8911],{"class":247},[39,26917,244],{"class":243},[39,26919,61],{"class":53},[39,26921,3478],{"class":3477},[39,26923,80],{"class":53},[39,26925,26926],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,26927,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26929,26930,26932,26934,26936,26938],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,26931,113],{"class":112},[39,26933,101],{"class":53},[39,26935,155],{"class":97},[39,26937,121],{"class":53},[39,26939,20173],{"class":124},[39,26941,26942,26944,26946,26948,26950],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,26943,113],{"class":112},[39,26945,101],{"class":53},[39,26947,11062],{"class":97},[39,26949,121],{"class":53},[39,26951,26952],{"class":124}," # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[20,26954,26955],{},"This is the safest and shortest option.",[223,26957,26959],{"id":26958},"option-2-check-first","Option 2: Check first",[30,26961,26963],{"className":32,"code":26962,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nif \"age\" in my_dict:\n    value = my_dict.pop(\"age\")\n    print(value)\nelse:\n    print(\"Key not found\")\n",[15,26964,26965,26989,26993,27009,27032,27042,27049],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,26966,26967,26969,26971,26973,26975,26977,26979,26981,26983,26985,26987],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,26968,11336],{"class":45},[39,26970,50],{"class":49},[39,26972,10103],{"class":53},[39,26974,244],{"class":243},[39,26976,7285],{"class":247},[39,26978,244],{"class":243},[39,26980,145],{"class":53},[39,26982,255],{"class":243},[39,26984,26889],{"class":247},[39,26986,244],{"class":243},[39,26988,8921],{"class":53},[39,26990,26991],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,26992,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,26994,26995,26997,26999,27001,27003,27005,27007],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,26996,511],{"class":572},[39,26998,255],{"class":243},[39,27000,8911],{"class":247},[39,27002,244],{"class":243},[39,27004,1149],{"class":49},[39,27006,11378],{"class":45},[39,27008,598],{"class":53},[39,27010,27011,27014,27016,27018,27020,27022,27024,27026,27028,27030],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,27012,27013],{"class":45},"    value ",[39,27015,50],{"class":49},[39,27017,11378],{"class":45},[39,27019,94],{"class":53},[39,27021,25853],{"class":97},[39,27023,101],{"class":53},[39,27025,244],{"class":243},[39,27027,8911],{"class":247},[39,27029,244],{"class":243},[39,27031,80],{"class":53},[39,27033,27034,27036,27038,27040],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,27035,603],{"class":112},[39,27037,101],{"class":53},[39,27039,155],{"class":97},[39,27041,80],{"class":53},[39,27043,27044,27047],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,27045,27046],{"class":572},"else",[39,27048,598],{"class":53},[39,27050,27051,27053,27055,27057,27060,27062],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,27052,603],{"class":112},[39,27054,101],{"class":53},[39,27056,244],{"class":243},[39,27058,27059],{"class":247},"Key not found",[39,27061,244],{"class":243},[39,27063,80],{"class":53},[223,27065,27067,27068,27070],{"id":27066},"option-3-use-get-if-you-do-not-want-to-remove-anything","Option 3: Use ",[15,27069,10353],{}," if you do not want to remove anything",[30,27072,27074],{"className":32,"code":27073,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict = {\"name\": \"Sara\"}\n\nvalue = my_dict.get(\"age\", None)\n\nprint(value)   # None\nprint(my_dict) # {'name': 'Sara'}\n",[15,27075,27076,27100,27104,27130,27134,27146],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27077,27078,27080,27082,27084,27086,27088,27090,27092,27094,27096,27098],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27079,11336],{"class":45},[39,27081,50],{"class":49},[39,27083,10103],{"class":53},[39,27085,244],{"class":243},[39,27087,7285],{"class":247},[39,27089,244],{"class":243},[39,27091,145],{"class":53},[39,27093,255],{"class":243},[39,27095,26889],{"class":247},[39,27097,244],{"class":243},[39,27099,8921],{"class":53},[39,27101,27102],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27103,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27105,27106,27108,27110,27112,27114,27116,27118,27120,27122,27124,27126,27128],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,27107,2070],{"class":45},[39,27109,50],{"class":49},[39,27111,11378],{"class":45},[39,27113,94],{"class":53},[39,27115,19363],{"class":97},[39,27117,101],{"class":53},[39,27119,244],{"class":243},[39,27121,8911],{"class":247},[39,27123,244],{"class":243},[39,27125,61],{"class":53},[39,27127,3478],{"class":3477},[39,27129,80],{"class":53},[39,27131,27132],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,27133,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27135,27136,27138,27140,27142,27144],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,27137,113],{"class":112},[39,27139,101],{"class":53},[39,27141,155],{"class":97},[39,27143,121],{"class":53},[39,27145,20173],{"class":124},[39,27147,27148,27150,27152,27154,27156],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,27149,113],{"class":112},[39,27151,101],{"class":53},[39,27153,11062],{"class":97},[39,27155,121],{"class":53},[39,27157,26952],{"class":124},[20,27159,128,27160,27164,27165,94],{},[173,27161,27162],{"href":10349},[15,27163,26442],{}," when you only need to read a value. If you are seeing this error already, read ",[173,27166,10876],{"href":10687},[134,27168,4141],{"id":4140},[20,27170,27171,27172,94],{},"Here are some mistakes that happen often with ",[15,27173,12181],{},[223,27175,25386,27177,27179],{"id":27176},"thinking-pop-removes-by-position-like-a-list",[15,27178,12374],{}," removes by position like a list",[20,27181,27182],{},"Lists use indexes:",[30,27184,27186],{"className":32,"code":27185,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.pop(1))  # 20\n",[15,27187,27188,27208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27189,27190,27192,27194,27196,27198,27200,27202,27204,27206],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27191,46],{"class":45},[39,27193,50],{"class":49},[39,27195,3249],{"class":53},[39,27197,682],{"class":57},[39,27199,61],{"class":53},[39,27201,687],{"class":57},[39,27203,61],{"class":53},[39,27205,697],{"class":57},[39,27207,3262],{"class":53},[39,27209,27210,27212,27214,27216,27218,27220,27222,27224,27226],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27211,113],{"class":112},[39,27213,101],{"class":53},[39,27215,992],{"class":97},[39,27217,94],{"class":53},[39,27219,25853],{"class":97},[39,27221,101],{"class":53},[39,27223,58],{"class":57},[39,27225,303],{"class":53},[39,27227,27228],{"class":124},"  # 20\n",[20,27230,27231],{},"Dictionaries use keys:",[30,27233,27235],{"className":32,"code":27234,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nprint(person.pop(\"age\"))  # 25\n",[15,27236,27237,27273],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27238,27239,27241,27243,27245,27247,27249,27251,27253,27255,27257,27259,27261,27263,27265,27267,27269,27271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27240,12814],{"class":45},[39,27242,50],{"class":49},[39,27244,10103],{"class":53},[39,27246,244],{"class":243},[39,27248,7285],{"class":247},[39,27250,244],{"class":243},[39,27252,145],{"class":53},[39,27254,255],{"class":243},[39,27256,12492],{"class":247},[39,27258,244],{"class":243},[39,27260,61],{"class":53},[39,27262,255],{"class":243},[39,27264,8911],{"class":247},[39,27266,244],{"class":243},[39,27268,145],{"class":53},[39,27270,8918],{"class":57},[39,27272,8921],{"class":53},[39,27274,27275,27277,27279,27281,27283,27285,27287,27289,27291,27293,27295],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27276,113],{"class":112},[39,27278,101],{"class":53},[39,27280,16920],{"class":97},[39,27282,94],{"class":53},[39,27284,25853],{"class":97},[39,27286,101],{"class":53},[39,27288,244],{"class":243},[39,27290,8911],{"class":247},[39,27292,244],{"class":243},[39,27294,303],{"class":53},[39,27296,27297],{"class":124},"  # 25\n",[20,27299,27300,27301,27303,27304,27306],{},"A dictionary does ",[3367,27302,4254],{}," use positions with ",[15,27305,12374],{},". It uses keys.",[223,27308,4328,27310,27312],{"id":27309},"forgetting-that-pop-changes-the-original-dictionary",[15,27311,12374],{}," changes the original dictionary",[30,27314,27316],{"className":32,"code":27315,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2}\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"x\")\n\nprint(value)  # 1\nprint(data)   # {'y': 2}\n",[15,27317,27318,27350,27354,27376,27380,27392],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27319,27320,27322,27324,27326,27328,27330,27332,27334,27336,27338,27340,27342,27344,27346,27348],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27321,8778],{"class":45},[39,27323,50],{"class":49},[39,27325,10103],{"class":53},[39,27327,244],{"class":243},[39,27329,1798],{"class":247},[39,27331,244],{"class":243},[39,27333,145],{"class":53},[39,27335,595],{"class":57},[39,27337,61],{"class":53},[39,27339,255],{"class":243},[39,27341,11357],{"class":247},[39,27343,244],{"class":243},[39,27345,145],{"class":53},[39,27347,64],{"class":57},[39,27349,8921],{"class":53},[39,27351,27352],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27353,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27355,27356,27358,27360,27362,27364,27366,27368,27370,27372,27374],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,27357,2070],{"class":45},[39,27359,50],{"class":49},[39,27361,14177],{"class":45},[39,27363,94],{"class":53},[39,27365,25853],{"class":97},[39,27367,101],{"class":53},[39,27369,244],{"class":243},[39,27371,1798],{"class":247},[39,27373,244],{"class":243},[39,27375,80],{"class":53},[39,27377,27378],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,27379,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27381,27382,27384,27386,27388,27390],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,27383,113],{"class":112},[39,27385,101],{"class":53},[39,27387,155],{"class":97},[39,27389,121],{"class":53},[39,27391,894],{"class":124},[39,27393,27394,27396,27398,27400,27402],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,27395,113],{"class":112},[39,27397,101],{"class":53},[39,27399,8817],{"class":97},[39,27401,121],{"class":53},[39,27403,27404],{"class":124},"   # {'y': 2}\n",[20,27406,27407,27408,27410],{},"After ",[15,27409,12374],{},", the key is gone from the same dictionary object.",[223,27412,948,27414,27416],{"id":27413},"using-pop-on-a-missing-key-without-a-default-value",[15,27415,12374],{}," on a missing key without a default value",[30,27418,27420],{"className":32,"code":27419,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\n# This causes an error\n# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[15,27421,27422,27446,27450,27455],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27423,27424,27426,27428,27430,27432,27434,27436,27438,27440,27442,27444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27425,8778],{"class":45},[39,27427,50],{"class":49},[39,27429,10103],{"class":53},[39,27431,244],{"class":243},[39,27433,7285],{"class":247},[39,27435,244],{"class":243},[39,27437,145],{"class":53},[39,27439,255],{"class":243},[39,27441,7538],{"class":247},[39,27443,244],{"class":243},[39,27445,8921],{"class":53},[39,27447,27448],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27449,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27451,27452],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,27453,27454],{"class":124},"# This causes an error\n",[39,27456,27457],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,27458,27459],{"class":124},"# data.pop(\"age\")\n",[20,27461,27462],{},"Safer version:",[30,27464,27466],{"className":32,"code":27465,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"name\": \"Mia\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(\"age\", \"missing\"))  # missing\n",[15,27467,27468,27492,27496],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27469,27470,27472,27474,27476,27478,27480,27482,27484,27486,27488,27490],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27471,8778],{"class":45},[39,27473,50],{"class":49},[39,27475,10103],{"class":53},[39,27477,244],{"class":243},[39,27479,7285],{"class":247},[39,27481,244],{"class":243},[39,27483,145],{"class":53},[39,27485,255],{"class":243},[39,27487,7538],{"class":247},[39,27489,244],{"class":243},[39,27491,8921],{"class":53},[39,27493,27494],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27495,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27497,27498,27500,27502,27504,27506,27508,27510,27512,27514,27516,27518,27520,27522,27524,27526],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,27499,113],{"class":112},[39,27501,101],{"class":53},[39,27503,8817],{"class":97},[39,27505,94],{"class":53},[39,27507,25853],{"class":97},[39,27509,101],{"class":53},[39,27511,244],{"class":243},[39,27513,8911],{"class":247},[39,27515,244],{"class":243},[39,27517,61],{"class":53},[39,27519,255],{"class":243},[39,27521,26385],{"class":247},[39,27523,244],{"class":243},[39,27525,303],{"class":53},[39,27527,26421],{"class":124},[223,27529,1030,27531,27533],{"id":27530},"expecting-pop-to-return-the-whole-dictionary",[15,27532,12374],{}," to return the whole dictionary",[30,27535,27537],{"className":32,"code":27536,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nresult = data.pop(\"a\")\n\nprint(result)  # 1\nprint(data)    # {'b': 2}\n",[15,27538,27539,27571,27575,27597,27601,27613],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27540,27541,27543,27545,27547,27549,27551,27553,27555,27557,27559,27561,27563,27565,27567,27569],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27542,8778],{"class":45},[39,27544,50],{"class":49},[39,27546,10103],{"class":53},[39,27548,244],{"class":243},[39,27550,173],{"class":247},[39,27552,244],{"class":243},[39,27554,145],{"class":53},[39,27556,595],{"class":57},[39,27558,61],{"class":53},[39,27560,255],{"class":243},[39,27562,1070],{"class":247},[39,27564,244],{"class":243},[39,27566,145],{"class":53},[39,27568,64],{"class":57},[39,27570,8921],{"class":53},[39,27572,27573],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27574,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27576,27577,27579,27581,27583,27585,27587,27589,27591,27593,27595],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,27578,86],{"class":45},[39,27580,50],{"class":49},[39,27582,14177],{"class":45},[39,27584,94],{"class":53},[39,27586,25853],{"class":97},[39,27588,101],{"class":53},[39,27590,244],{"class":243},[39,27592,173],{"class":247},[39,27594,244],{"class":243},[39,27596,80],{"class":53},[39,27598,27599],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,27600,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27602,27603,27605,27607,27609,27611],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,27604,113],{"class":112},[39,27606,101],{"class":53},[39,27608,118],{"class":97},[39,27610,121],{"class":53},[39,27612,894],{"class":124},[39,27614,27615,27617,27619,27621,27623],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,27616,113],{"class":112},[39,27618,101],{"class":53},[39,27620,8817],{"class":97},[39,27622,121],{"class":53},[39,27624,27625],{"class":124},"    # {'b': 2}\n",[20,27627,27628],{},"The return value is the removed value, not the updated dictionary.",[134,27630,27632],{"id":27631},"common-causes-of-problems","Common causes of problems",[20,27634,27635,27636,27638],{},"Problems with ",[15,27637,12181],{}," often happen because of one of these reasons:",[147,27640,27641,27644,27653,27656],{},[150,27642,27643],{},"Using a key that does not exist in the dictionary",[150,27645,27646,27647,27650,27651],{},"Mixing up list ",[15,27648,27649],{},"pop(index)"," with dictionary ",[15,27652,25949],{},[150,27654,27655],{},"Removing data that is still needed later in the code",[150,27657,27658,27659,10705,27661],{},"Using the wrong key type, such as ",[15,27660,58],{},[15,27662,27663],{},"\"1\"",[20,27665,27666],{},"Example of wrong key type:",[30,27668,27670],{"className":32,"code":27669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"1\": \"one\"}\n\nprint(data.pop(1, \"not found\"))    # not found\nprint(data.pop(\"1\", \"not found\"))  # one\n",[15,27671,27672,27696,27700,27730],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27673,27674,27676,27678,27680,27682,27684,27686,27688,27690,27692,27694],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27675,8778],{"class":45},[39,27677,50],{"class":49},[39,27679,10103],{"class":53},[39,27681,244],{"class":243},[39,27683,58],{"class":247},[39,27685,244],{"class":243},[39,27687,145],{"class":53},[39,27689,255],{"class":243},[39,27691,6201],{"class":247},[39,27693,244],{"class":243},[39,27695,8921],{"class":53},[39,27697,27698],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27699,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,27701,27702,27704,27706,27708,27710,27712,27714,27716,27718,27720,27723,27725,27727],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,27703,113],{"class":112},[39,27705,101],{"class":53},[39,27707,8817],{"class":97},[39,27709,94],{"class":53},[39,27711,25853],{"class":97},[39,27713,101],{"class":53},[39,27715,58],{"class":57},[39,27717,61],{"class":53},[39,27719,255],{"class":243},[39,27721,27722],{"class":247},"not found",[39,27724,244],{"class":243},[39,27726,303],{"class":53},[39,27728,27729],{"class":124},"    # not found\n",[39,27731,27732,27734,27736,27738,27740,27742,27744,27746,27748,27750,27752,27754,27756,27758,27760],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,27733,113],{"class":112},[39,27735,101],{"class":53},[39,27737,8817],{"class":97},[39,27739,94],{"class":53},[39,27741,25853],{"class":97},[39,27743,101],{"class":53},[39,27745,244],{"class":243},[39,27747,58],{"class":247},[39,27749,244],{"class":243},[39,27751,61],{"class":53},[39,27753,255],{"class":243},[39,27755,27722],{"class":247},[39,27757,244],{"class":243},[39,27759,303],{"class":53},[39,27761,27762],{"class":124},"  # one\n",[20,27764,27765,796,27767,27769],{},[15,27766,58],{},[15,27768,27663],{}," are different keys.",[134,27771,8484],{"id":8483},[20,27773,8487,27774,27776],{},[15,27775,12374],{}," is not working the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[30,27778,27780],{"className":32,"code":27779,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.keys())\nprint('name' in my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,27781,27782,27792,27806,27824,27854],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,27783,27784,27786,27788,27790],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,27785,113],{"class":112},[39,27787,101],{"class":53},[39,27789,11062],{"class":97},[39,27791,80],{"class":53},[39,27793,27794,27796,27798,27800,27802,27804],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,27795,113],{"class":112},[39,27797,101],{"class":53},[39,27799,11062],{"class":97},[39,27801,94],{"class":53},[39,27803,16536],{"class":97},[39,27805,6810],{"class":53},[39,27807,27808,27810,27812,27814,27816,27818,27820,27822],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,27809,113],{"class":112},[39,27811,101],{"class":53},[39,27813,629],{"class":243},[39,27815,7285],{"class":247},[39,27817,629],{"class":243},[39,27819,1149],{"class":572},[39,27821,11378],{"class":97},[39,27823,80],{"class":53},[39,27825,27826,27828,27830,27832,27834,27836,27838,27840,27842,27844,27846,27848,27850,27852],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,27827,113],{"class":112},[39,27829,101],{"class":53},[39,27831,11062],{"class":97},[39,27833,94],{"class":53},[39,27835,25853],{"class":97},[39,27837,101],{"class":53},[39,27839,629],{"class":243},[39,27841,7285],{"class":247},[39,27843,629],{"class":243},[39,27845,61],{"class":53},[39,27847,2920],{"class":243},[39,27849,26385],{"class":247},[39,27851,629],{"class":243},[39,27853,1026],{"class":53},[39,27855,27856,27858,27860,27862,27864,27866],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,27857,113],{"class":112},[39,27859,101],{"class":53},[39,27861,2845],{"class":2523},[39,27863,101],{"class":53},[39,27865,11062],{"class":97},[39,27867,1026],{"class":53},[20,27869,20948],{},[147,27871,27872,27877,27882,27887,27893],{},[150,27873,27874,27876],{},[15,27875,12291],{}," shows the current dictionary contents",[150,27878,27879,27881],{},[15,27880,20960],{}," shows all available keys",[150,27883,27884,27886],{},[15,27885,20966],{}," checks whether a key exists",[150,27888,27889,27892],{},[15,27890,27891],{},"print(my_dict.pop('name', 'missing'))"," tests safe removal",[150,27894,27895,27897],{},[15,27896,12297],{}," confirms that the object is really a dictionary",[20,27899,27900,27901,94],{},"If you need to understand dictionary basics first, see ",[173,27902,9004],{"href":9003},[134,27904,1454],{"id":1453},[223,27906,27908,27909,27911],{"id":27907},"does-dictionary-pop-return-the-key-or-the-value","Does dictionary ",[15,27910,12374],{}," return the key or the value?",[20,27913,27914],{},"It returns the value for the removed key.",[223,27916,27918],{"id":27917},"what-happens-if-the-key-does-not-exist","What happens if the key does not exist?",[20,27920,27921,26150,27923,27925,27926,27928],{},[15,27922,25949],{},[15,27924,19300],{},". ",[15,27927,25953],{}," returns the default value instead.",[223,27930,1468,27932,14507],{"id":27931},"does-pop-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,27933,12374],{},[20,27935,27936],{},"Yes. It removes the key from the existing dictionary.",[223,27938,27940,27941,27943],{"id":27939},"can-i-use-pop-to-remove-the-last-item-in-a-dictionary","Can I use ",[15,27942,12374],{}," to remove the last item in a dictionary?",[20,27945,27946,27947,27949,27950,94],{},"Not with ",[15,27948,12181],{},". To remove the last inserted key-value pair, use ",[173,27951,27952],{"href":12192},[15,27953,12381],{},[223,27955,1497,27957,796,27959,929],{"id":27956},"what-is-the-difference-between-get-and-pop",[15,27958,10353],{},[15,27960,12374],{},[20,27962,27963,27965,27966,27968],{},[15,27964,10353],{}," reads a value without removing it. ",[15,27967,12374],{}," reads and removes it.",[134,27970,1514],{"id":1513},[147,27972,27973,27979,27986,27990,27994,27998],{},[150,27974,27975],{},[173,27976,27977],{"href":10349},[15,27978,19281],{},[150,27980,27981],{},[173,27982,27983],{"href":12192},[15,27984,27985],{},"Python Dictionary popitem() Method",[150,27987,27988],{},[173,27989,12398],{"href":12185},[150,27991,27992],{},[173,27993,21069],{"href":16209},[150,27995,27996],{},[173,27997,10876],{"href":10687},[150,27999,28000],{},[173,28001,28003],{"href":28002},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-key-not-found-in-dictionary-fix\u002F","KeyError: key not found in dictionary fix",[1550,28005,28006],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":28008},[28009,28010,28012,28013,28014,28016,28023,28030,28040,28041,28042,28053],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":25960,"depth":83,"text":28011},"What dict.pop() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":26445,"depth":83,"text":28015},"When to use pop()",{"id":26632,"depth":83,"text":28017,"children":28018},"pop() vs del",[28019,28021],{"id":26647,"depth":109,"text":28020},"Use pop() when you need the removed value",{"id":26750,"depth":109,"text":28022},"Use del when you only want deletion",{"id":26853,"depth":83,"text":28024,"children":28025},"How to avoid KeyError",[28026,28027,28028],{"id":26862,"depth":109,"text":26863},{"id":26958,"depth":109,"text":26959},{"id":27066,"depth":109,"text":28029},"Option 3: Use get() if you do not want to remove anything",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":28031},[28032,28034,28036,28038],{"id":27176,"depth":109,"text":28033},"Thinking pop() removes by position like a list",{"id":27309,"depth":109,"text":28035},"Forgetting that pop() changes the original dictionary",{"id":27413,"depth":109,"text":28037},"Using pop() on a missing key without a default value",{"id":27530,"depth":109,"text":28039},"Expecting pop() to return the whole dictionary",{"id":27631,"depth":83,"text":27632},{"id":8483,"depth":83,"text":8484},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":28043},[28044,28046,28047,28049,28051],{"id":27907,"depth":109,"text":28045},"Does dictionary pop() return the key or the value?",{"id":27917,"depth":109,"text":27918},{"id":27931,"depth":109,"text":28048},"Does pop() change the original dictionary?",{"id":27939,"depth":109,"text":28050},"Can I use pop() to remove the last item in a dictionary?",{"id":27956,"depth":109,"text":28052},"What is the difference between get() and pop()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method",{"title":25781,"description":28054},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-pop-method","covTbfNQY4fVAPAVxk1e0B4DZXBgW5sTT-L3t_ORUSI",{"id":28061,"title":27985,"body":28062,"description":30002,"extension":1587,"meta":30003,"navigation":420,"path":30004,"seo":30005,"stem":30006,"__hash__":30007},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method.md",{"type":7,"value":28063,"toc":29966},[28064,28069,28074,28077,28085,28095,28097,28186,28190,28239,28244,28249,28253,28269,28272,28274,28289,28291,28307,28314,28318,28324,28333,28335,28404,28408,28429,28432,28451,28454,28477,28479,28482,28597,28601,28660,28667,28671,28677,28802,28806,28856,28859,28863,28870,28872,28935,28939,28960,28963,28972,28987,28995,29002,29006,29018,29022,29033,29035,29181,29185,29244,29251,29256,29260,29266,29289,29294,29313,29317,29388,29395,29468,29477,29482,29487,29498,29501,29638,29643,29675,29680,29682,29686,29746,29749,29806,29809,29852,29854,29859,29865,29871,29874,29881,29889,29894,29897,29904,29912,29914,29963],[10,28065,10932,28067,18],{"id":28066},"python-dictionary-popitem-method",[15,28068,12381],{},[20,28070,1604,28071,28073],{},[15,28072,12381],{}," method removes one item from a dictionary and returns it.",[20,28075,28076],{},"It is useful when you want to both:",[147,28078,28079,28082],{},[150,28080,28081],{},"remove an item",[150,28083,28084],{},"get that removed item at the same time",[20,28086,28087,28088,28090,28091,28094],{},"In modern Python, ",[15,28089,12381],{}," removes the ",[3367,28092,28093],{},"last inserted key-value pair",". It also changes the original dictionary, so the item is no longer there after the method runs.",[134,28096,1629],{"id":1628},[30,28098,28100],{"className":32,"code":28099,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\nitem = data.popitem()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(data)\n",[15,28101,28102,28146,28162,28166,28176],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28103,28104,28106,28108,28110,28112,28114,28116,28118,28120,28122,28124,28126,28128,28130,28132,28134,28136,28138,28140,28142,28144],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28105,8778],{"class":45},[39,28107,50],{"class":49},[39,28109,10103],{"class":53},[39,28111,244],{"class":243},[39,28113,173],{"class":247},[39,28115,244],{"class":243},[39,28117,145],{"class":53},[39,28119,595],{"class":57},[39,28121,61],{"class":53},[39,28123,255],{"class":243},[39,28125,1070],{"class":247},[39,28127,244],{"class":243},[39,28129,145],{"class":53},[39,28131,64],{"class":57},[39,28133,61],{"class":53},[39,28135,255],{"class":243},[39,28137,9352],{"class":247},[39,28139,244],{"class":243},[39,28141,145],{"class":53},[39,28143,73],{"class":57},[39,28145,8921],{"class":53},[39,28147,28148,28151,28153,28155,28157,28160],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,28149,28150],{"class":45},"item ",[39,28152,50],{"class":49},[39,28154,14177],{"class":45},[39,28156,94],{"class":53},[39,28158,28159],{"class":97},"popitem",[39,28161,8257],{"class":53},[39,28163,28164],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,28165,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,28167,28168,28170,28172,28174],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,28169,113],{"class":112},[39,28171,101],{"class":53},[39,28173,22922],{"class":97},[39,28175,80],{"class":53},[39,28177,28178,28180,28182,28184],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,28179,113],{"class":112},[39,28181,101],{"class":53},[39,28183,8817],{"class":97},[39,28185,80],{"class":53},[20,28187,28188],{},[3367,28189,458],{},[30,28191,28193],{"className":32,"code":28192,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('c', 3)\n{'a': 1, 'b': 2}\n",[15,28194,28195,28211],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28196,28197,28199,28201,28203,28205,28207,28209],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28198,101],{"class":53},[39,28200,629],{"class":243},[39,28202,9352],{"class":247},[39,28204,629],{"class":243},[39,28206,61],{"class":53},[39,28208,73],{"class":57},[39,28210,80],{"class":53},[39,28212,28213,28215,28217,28219,28221,28223,28225,28227,28229,28231,28233,28235,28237],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,28214,8890],{"class":53},[39,28216,629],{"class":243},[39,28218,173],{"class":247},[39,28220,629],{"class":243},[39,28222,145],{"class":53},[39,28224,595],{"class":57},[39,28226,61],{"class":53},[39,28228,2920],{"class":243},[39,28230,1070],{"class":247},[39,28232,629],{"class":243},[39,28234,145],{"class":53},[39,28236,64],{"class":57},[39,28238,8921],{"class":53},[20,28240,28241,28243],{},[15,28242,12381],{}," removes and returns the last inserted key-value pair as a tuple.",[134,28245,137,28247,140],{"id":28246},"what-popitem-does",[15,28248,12381],{},[20,28250,28251,145],{},[15,28252,12381],{},[147,28254,28255,28258,28263,28266],{},[150,28256,28257],{},"removes one item from a dictionary",[150,28259,28260,28261],{},"returns the removed item as a tuple: ",[15,28262,21267],{},[150,28264,28265],{},"removes the last inserted item in modern Python",[150,28267,28268],{},"changes the original dictionary",[20,28270,28271],{},"This means the dictionary becomes smaller after you call it.",[134,28273,1781],{"id":1780},[30,28275,28277],{"className":32,"code":28276,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dictionary.popitem()\n",[15,28278,28279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28280,28281,28283,28285,28287],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28282,15216],{"class":45},[39,28284,94],{"class":53},[39,28286,28159],{"class":97},[39,28288,8257],{"class":53},[20,28290,11071],{},[147,28292,28293,28301,28304],{},[150,28294,28295,28297,28298],{},[15,28296,12381],{}," takes ",[3367,28299,28300],{},"no arguments",[150,28302,28303],{},"it always returns a 2-item tuple",[150,28305,28306],{},"use the returned tuple if you need both the key and the value",[20,28308,28309,28310,6247],{},"If you want to remove a specific key, use ",[173,28311,28312],{"href":12178},[15,28313,12374],{},[134,28315,28317],{"id":28316},"what-gets-returned","What gets returned",[20,28319,28320,28321,28323],{},"The value returned by ",[15,28322,12381],{}," is a tuple with two parts:",[28325,28326,28327,28330],"ol",{},[150,28328,28329],{},"the key",[150,28331,28332],{},"the value",[20,28334,515],{},[30,28336,28338],{"className":32,"code":28337,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Alice\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = person.popitem()\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,28339,28340,28376,28390,28394],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28341,28342,28344,28346,28348,28350,28352,28354,28356,28358,28360,28362,28364,28366,28368,28370,28372,28374],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28343,12814],{"class":45},[39,28345,50],{"class":49},[39,28347,10103],{"class":53},[39,28349,244],{"class":243},[39,28351,7285],{"class":247},[39,28353,244],{"class":243},[39,28355,145],{"class":53},[39,28357,255],{"class":243},[39,28359,4627],{"class":247},[39,28361,244],{"class":243},[39,28363,61],{"class":53},[39,28365,255],{"class":243},[39,28367,8911],{"class":247},[39,28369,244],{"class":243},[39,28371,145],{"class":53},[39,28373,8918],{"class":57},[39,28375,8921],{"class":53},[39,28377,28378,28380,28382,28384,28386,28388],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,28379,86],{"class":45},[39,28381,50],{"class":49},[39,28383,12857],{"class":45},[39,28385,94],{"class":53},[39,28387,28159],{"class":97},[39,28389,8257],{"class":53},[39,28391,28392],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,28393,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,28395,28396,28398,28400,28402],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,28397,113],{"class":112},[39,28399,101],{"class":53},[39,28401,118],{"class":97},[39,28403,80],{"class":53},[20,28405,28406],{},[3367,28407,458],{},[30,28409,28411],{"className":32,"code":28410,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('age', 25)\n",[15,28412,28413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28414,28415,28417,28419,28421,28423,28425,28427],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28416,101],{"class":53},[39,28418,629],{"class":243},[39,28420,8911],{"class":247},[39,28422,629],{"class":243},[39,28424,61],{"class":53},[39,28426,8918],{"class":57},[39,28428,80],{"class":53},[20,28430,28431],{},"You can store the result in one variable:",[30,28433,28435],{"className":32,"code":28434,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = person.popitem()\n",[15,28436,28437],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28438,28439,28441,28443,28445,28447,28449],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28440,86],{"class":45},[39,28442,50],{"class":49},[39,28444,12857],{"class":45},[39,28446,94],{"class":53},[39,28448,28159],{"class":97},[39,28450,8257],{"class":53},[20,28452,28453],{},"Or unpack it into two variables:",[30,28455,28457],{"className":32,"code":28456,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"key, value = person.popitem()\n",[15,28458,28459],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28460,28461,28463,28465,28467,28469,28471,28473,28475],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28462,14452],{"class":45},[39,28464,61],{"class":53},[39,28466,21196],{"class":45},[39,28468,50],{"class":49},[39,28470,12857],{"class":45},[39,28472,94],{"class":53},[39,28474,28159],{"class":97},[39,28476,8257],{"class":53},[134,28478,355],{"id":354},[20,28480,28481],{},"Here is a basic example showing what gets removed and what remains in the dictionary:",[30,28483,28485],{"className":32,"code":28484,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"Tom\": 80, \"Ana\": 95, \"Leo\": 88}\n\nremoved_pair = scores.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_pair)\nprint(\"After removal:\", scores)\n",[15,28486,28487,28535,28539,28554,28558,28578],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28488,28489,28491,28493,28495,28497,28500,28502,28504,28506,28508,28510,28512,28514,28516,28519,28521,28523,28526,28528,28530,28533],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28490,675],{"class":45},[39,28492,50],{"class":49},[39,28494,10103],{"class":53},[39,28496,244],{"class":243},[39,28498,28499],{"class":247},"Tom",[39,28501,244],{"class":243},[39,28503,145],{"class":53},[39,28505,4698],{"class":57},[39,28507,61],{"class":53},[39,28509,255],{"class":243},[39,28511,12492],{"class":247},[39,28513,244],{"class":243},[39,28515,145],{"class":53},[39,28517,28518],{"class":57}," 95",[39,28520,61],{"class":53},[39,28522,255],{"class":243},[39,28524,28525],{"class":247},"Leo",[39,28527,244],{"class":243},[39,28529,145],{"class":53},[39,28531,28532],{"class":57}," 88",[39,28534,8921],{"class":53},[39,28536,28537],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,28538,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,28540,28541,28544,28546,28548,28550,28552],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,28542,28543],{"class":45},"removed_pair ",[39,28545,50],{"class":49},[39,28547,714],{"class":45},[39,28549,94],{"class":53},[39,28551,28159],{"class":97},[39,28553,8257],{"class":53},[39,28555,28556],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,28557,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,28559,28560,28562,28564,28566,28569,28571,28573,28576],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,28561,113],{"class":112},[39,28563,101],{"class":53},[39,28565,244],{"class":243},[39,28567,28568],{"class":247},"Removed:",[39,28570,244],{"class":243},[39,28572,61],{"class":53},[39,28574,28575],{"class":97}," removed_pair",[39,28577,80],{"class":53},[39,28579,28580,28582,28584,28586,28589,28591,28593,28595],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,28581,113],{"class":112},[39,28583,101],{"class":53},[39,28585,244],{"class":243},[39,28587,28588],{"class":247},"After removal:",[39,28590,244],{"class":243},[39,28592,61],{"class":53},[39,28594,714],{"class":97},[39,28596,80],{"class":53},[20,28598,28599],{},[3367,28600,458],{},[30,28602,28604],{"className":32,"code":28603,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Removed: ('Leo', 88)\nAfter removal: {'Tom': 80, 'Ana': 95}\n",[15,28605,28606,28627],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28607,28608,28611,28613,28615,28617,28619,28621,28623,28625],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28609,28610],{"class":45},"Removed",[39,28612,145],{"class":53},[39,28614,54],{"class":53},[39,28616,629],{"class":243},[39,28618,28525],{"class":247},[39,28620,629],{"class":243},[39,28622,61],{"class":53},[39,28624,28532],{"class":57},[39,28626,80],{"class":53},[39,28628,28629,28632,28634,28636,28638,28640,28642,28644,28646,28648,28650,28652,28654,28656,28658],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,28630,28631],{"class":45},"After removal",[39,28633,145],{"class":53},[39,28635,10103],{"class":53},[39,28637,629],{"class":243},[39,28639,28499],{"class":247},[39,28641,629],{"class":243},[39,28643,145],{"class":53},[39,28645,4698],{"class":57},[39,28647,61],{"class":53},[39,28649,2920],{"class":243},[39,28651,12492],{"class":247},[39,28653,629],{"class":243},[39,28655,145],{"class":53},[39,28657,28518],{"class":57},[39,28659,8921],{"class":53},[20,28661,28662,28663,28666],{},"The last inserted item was ",[15,28664,28665],{},"\"Leo\": 88",", so that is the pair that gets removed.",[134,28668,28670],{"id":28669},"using-tuple-unpacking","Using tuple unpacking",[20,28672,28673,28674,28676],{},"Because ",[15,28675,12381],{}," returns a tuple, tuple unpacking is often the easiest way to use it.",[30,28678,28680],{"className":32,"code":28679,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"book = {\"title\": \"Python Basics\", \"pages\": 200}\n\nkey, value = book.popitem()\n\nprint(\"Key:\", key)\nprint(\"Value:\", value)\nprint(\"Dictionary:\", book)\n",[15,28681,28682,28718,28722,28741,28745,28764,28783],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28683,28684,28686,28688,28690,28692,28694,28696,28698,28700,28702,28704,28706,28708,28710,28712,28714,28716],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28685,15059],{"class":45},[39,28687,50],{"class":49},[39,28689,10103],{"class":53},[39,28691,244],{"class":243},[39,28693,15070],{"class":247},[39,28695,244],{"class":243},[39,28697,145],{"class":53},[39,28699,255],{"class":243},[39,28701,15079],{"class":247},[39,28703,244],{"class":243},[39,28705,61],{"class":53},[39,28707,255],{"class":243},[39,28709,15090],{"class":247},[39,28711,244],{"class":243},[39,28713,145],{"class":53},[39,28715,26519],{"class":57},[39,28717,8921],{"class":53},[39,28719,28720],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,28721,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,28723,28724,28726,28728,28730,28732,28735,28737,28739],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,28725,14452],{"class":45},[39,28727,61],{"class":53},[39,28729,21196],{"class":45},[39,28731,50],{"class":49},[39,28733,28734],{"class":45}," book",[39,28736,94],{"class":53},[39,28738,28159],{"class":97},[39,28740,8257],{"class":53},[39,28742,28743],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,28744,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,28746,28747,28749,28751,28753,28756,28758,28760,28762],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,28748,113],{"class":112},[39,28750,101],{"class":53},[39,28752,244],{"class":243},[39,28754,28755],{"class":247},"Key:",[39,28757,244],{"class":243},[39,28759,61],{"class":53},[39,28761,21191],{"class":97},[39,28763,80],{"class":53},[39,28765,28766,28768,28770,28772,28775,28777,28779,28781],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,28767,113],{"class":112},[39,28769,101],{"class":53},[39,28771,244],{"class":243},[39,28773,28774],{"class":247},"Value:",[39,28776,244],{"class":243},[39,28778,61],{"class":53},[39,28780,8049],{"class":97},[39,28782,80],{"class":53},[39,28784,28785,28787,28789,28791,28794,28796,28798,28800],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,28786,113],{"class":112},[39,28788,101],{"class":53},[39,28790,244],{"class":243},[39,28792,28793],{"class":247},"Dictionary:",[39,28795,244],{"class":243},[39,28797,61],{"class":53},[39,28799,28734],{"class":97},[39,28801,80],{"class":53},[20,28803,28804],{},[3367,28805,458],{},[30,28807,28809],{"className":32,"code":28808,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Key: pages\nValue: 200\nDictionary: {'title': 'Python Basics'}\n",[15,28810,28811,28821,28831],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28812,28813,28816,28818],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28814,28815],{"class":45},"Key",[39,28817,145],{"class":53},[39,28819,28820],{"class":45}," pages\n",[39,28822,28823,28826,28828],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,28824,28825],{"class":45},"Value",[39,28827,145],{"class":53},[39,28829,28830],{"class":57}," 200\n",[39,28832,28833,28836,28838,28840,28842,28844,28846,28848,28850,28852,28854],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,28834,28835],{"class":45},"Dictionary",[39,28837,145],{"class":53},[39,28839,10103],{"class":53},[39,28841,629],{"class":243},[39,28843,15070],{"class":247},[39,28845,629],{"class":243},[39,28847,145],{"class":53},[39,28849,2920],{"class":243},[39,28851,15079],{"class":247},[39,28853,629],{"class":243},[39,28855,8921],{"class":53},[20,28857,28858],{},"This is useful when you want to process removed items one at a time.",[134,28860,28862],{"id":28861},"order-behavior","Order behavior",[20,28864,28865,28866,28090,28868,94],{},"In current Python versions, ",[15,28867,12381],{},[3367,28869,28093],{},[20,28871,515],{},[30,28873,28875],{"className":32,"code":28874,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"x\": 1, \"y\": 2, \"z\": 3}\nprint(data.popitem())\n",[15,28876,28877,28921],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28878,28879,28881,28883,28885,28887,28889,28891,28893,28895,28897,28899,28901,28903,28905,28907,28909,28911,28913,28915,28917,28919],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28880,8778],{"class":45},[39,28882,50],{"class":49},[39,28884,10103],{"class":53},[39,28886,244],{"class":243},[39,28888,1798],{"class":247},[39,28890,244],{"class":243},[39,28892,145],{"class":53},[39,28894,595],{"class":57},[39,28896,61],{"class":53},[39,28898,255],{"class":243},[39,28900,11357],{"class":247},[39,28902,244],{"class":243},[39,28904,145],{"class":53},[39,28906,64],{"class":57},[39,28908,61],{"class":53},[39,28910,255],{"class":243},[39,28912,21689],{"class":247},[39,28914,244],{"class":243},[39,28916,145],{"class":53},[39,28918,73],{"class":57},[39,28920,8921],{"class":53},[39,28922,28923,28925,28927,28929,28931,28933],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,28924,113],{"class":112},[39,28926,101],{"class":53},[39,28928,8817],{"class":97},[39,28930,94],{"class":53},[39,28932,28159],{"class":97},[39,28934,6810],{"class":53},[20,28936,28937],{},[3367,28938,458],{},[30,28940,28942],{"className":32,"code":28941,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('z', 3)\n",[15,28943,28944],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,28945,28946,28948,28950,28952,28954,28956,28958],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,28947,101],{"class":53},[39,28949,629],{"class":243},[39,28951,21689],{"class":247},[39,28953,629],{"class":243},[39,28955,61],{"class":53},[39,28957,73],{"class":57},[39,28959,80],{"class":53},[20,28961,28962],{},"This matters because dictionaries keep insertion order in modern Python.",[20,28964,28965,28966,28968,28969,28971],{},"As a beginner, do ",[3367,28967,4254],{}," think of ",[15,28970,12381],{}," as removing a random item. In current Python, it removes the most recently added one.",[20,28973,28974,28975,1814,28979,16685,28983,94],{},"If you want to inspect dictionary contents without removing anything, see ",[173,28976,28977],{"href":16688},[15,28978,16691],{},[173,28980,28981],{"href":16675},[15,28982,16678],{},[173,28984,28985],{"href":16681},[15,28986,16684],{},[134,28988,28990,28991,796,28993],{"id":28989},"difference-between-popitem-and-pop","Difference between ",[15,28992,12381],{},[15,28994,12374],{},[20,28996,28997,796,28999,29001],{},[15,28998,12381],{},[15,29000,12374],{}," both remove data from a dictionary, but they work differently.",[223,29003,29004],{"id":28159},[15,29005,12381],{},[147,29007,29008,29011,29014],{},[150,29009,29010],{},"removes the last inserted item automatically",[150,29012,29013],{},"does not need a key argument",[150,29015,3315,29016],{},[15,29017,21267],{},[223,29019,29020],{"id":25853},[15,29021,12374],{},[147,29023,29024,29027,29030],{},[150,29025,29026],{},"removes the item for a specific key",[150,29028,29029],{},"needs the key name",[150,29031,29032],{},"returns only the value",[20,29034,515],{},[30,29036,29038],{"className":32,"code":29037,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2, \"c\": 3}\n\nitem = data.popitem()\nprint(\"popitem():\", item)\n\nvalue = data.pop(\"a\")\nprint(\"pop('a'):\", value)\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,29039,29040,29084,29088,29102,29122,29126,29148,29167,29171],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29041,29042,29044,29046,29048,29050,29052,29054,29056,29058,29060,29062,29064,29066,29068,29070,29072,29074,29076,29078,29080,29082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29043,8778],{"class":45},[39,29045,50],{"class":49},[39,29047,10103],{"class":53},[39,29049,244],{"class":243},[39,29051,173],{"class":247},[39,29053,244],{"class":243},[39,29055,145],{"class":53},[39,29057,595],{"class":57},[39,29059,61],{"class":53},[39,29061,255],{"class":243},[39,29063,1070],{"class":247},[39,29065,244],{"class":243},[39,29067,145],{"class":53},[39,29069,64],{"class":57},[39,29071,61],{"class":53},[39,29073,255],{"class":243},[39,29075,9352],{"class":247},[39,29077,244],{"class":243},[39,29079,145],{"class":53},[39,29081,73],{"class":57},[39,29083,8921],{"class":53},[39,29085,29086],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29087,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,29089,29090,29092,29094,29096,29098,29100],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,29091,28150],{"class":45},[39,29093,50],{"class":49},[39,29095,14177],{"class":45},[39,29097,94],{"class":53},[39,29099,28159],{"class":97},[39,29101,8257],{"class":53},[39,29103,29104,29106,29108,29110,29113,29115,29117,29120],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,29105,113],{"class":112},[39,29107,101],{"class":53},[39,29109,244],{"class":243},[39,29111,29112],{"class":247},"popitem():",[39,29114,244],{"class":243},[39,29116,61],{"class":53},[39,29118,29119],{"class":97}," item",[39,29121,80],{"class":53},[39,29123,29124],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,29125,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,29127,29128,29130,29132,29134,29136,29138,29140,29142,29144,29146],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,29129,2070],{"class":45},[39,29131,50],{"class":49},[39,29133,14177],{"class":45},[39,29135,94],{"class":53},[39,29137,25853],{"class":97},[39,29139,101],{"class":53},[39,29141,244],{"class":243},[39,29143,173],{"class":247},[39,29145,244],{"class":243},[39,29147,80],{"class":53},[39,29149,29150,29152,29154,29156,29159,29161,29163,29165],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,29151,113],{"class":112},[39,29153,101],{"class":53},[39,29155,244],{"class":243},[39,29157,29158],{"class":247},"pop('a'):",[39,29160,244],{"class":243},[39,29162,61],{"class":53},[39,29164,8049],{"class":97},[39,29166,80],{"class":53},[39,29168,29169],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,29170,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,29172,29173,29175,29177,29179],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,29174,113],{"class":112},[39,29176,101],{"class":53},[39,29178,8817],{"class":97},[39,29180,80],{"class":53},[20,29182,29183],{},[3367,29184,458],{},[30,29186,29188],{"className":32,"code":29187,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"popitem(): ('c', 3)\npop('a'): 1\n{'b': 2}\n",[15,29189,29190,29211,29228],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29191,29192,29194,29197,29199,29201,29203,29205,29207,29209],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29193,28159],{"class":97},[39,29195,29196],{"class":53},"():",[39,29198,54],{"class":53},[39,29200,629],{"class":243},[39,29202,9352],{"class":247},[39,29204,629],{"class":243},[39,29206,61],{"class":53},[39,29208,73],{"class":57},[39,29210,80],{"class":53},[39,29212,29213,29215,29217,29219,29221,29223,29225],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29214,25853],{"class":97},[39,29216,101],{"class":53},[39,29218,629],{"class":243},[39,29220,173],{"class":247},[39,29222,629],{"class":243},[39,29224,16064],{"class":53},[39,29226,29227],{"class":57}," 1\n",[39,29229,29230,29232,29234,29236,29238,29240,29242],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,29231,8890],{"class":53},[39,29233,629],{"class":243},[39,29235,1070],{"class":247},[39,29237,629],{"class":243},[39,29239,145],{"class":53},[39,29241,64],{"class":57},[39,29243,8921],{"class":53},[20,29245,128,29246,29250],{},[173,29247,29248],{"href":12178},[15,29249,12374],{}," when you know the key.",[20,29252,128,29253,29255],{},[15,29254,12381],{}," when you want to remove one item without naming the key.",[134,29257,29259],{"id":29258},"what-happens-if-the-dictionary-is-empty","What happens if the dictionary is empty",[20,29261,29262,29263,29265],{},"Calling ",[15,29264,12381],{}," on an empty dictionary raises an error:",[30,29267,29269],{"className":32,"code":29268,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\ndata.popitem()\n",[15,29270,29271,29279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29272,29273,29275,29277],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29274,8778],{"class":45},[39,29276,50],{"class":49},[39,29278,9451],{"class":53},[39,29280,29281,29283,29285,29287],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29282,8817],{"class":45},[39,29284,94],{"class":53},[39,29286,28159],{"class":97},[39,29288,8257],{"class":53},[20,29290,29291],{},[3367,29292,29293],{},"Error:",[30,29295,29297],{"className":32,"code":29296,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"KeyError: 'popitem(): dictionary is empty'\n",[15,29298,29299],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29300,29301,29303,29305,29307,29310],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29302,19300],{"class":2523},[39,29304,145],{"class":53},[39,29306,2920],{"class":243},[39,29308,29309],{"class":247},"popitem(): dictionary is empty",[39,29311,29312],{"class":243},"'\n",[223,29314,29316],{"id":29315},"fix-1-check-that-the-dictionary-is-not-empty","Fix 1: Check that the dictionary is not empty",[30,29318,29320],{"className":32,"code":29319,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\n\nif data:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nelse:\n    print(\"Dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,29321,29322,29330,29334,29342,29357,29367,29373],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29323,29324,29326,29328],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29325,8778],{"class":45},[39,29327,50],{"class":49},[39,29329,9451],{"class":53},[39,29331,29332],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29333,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,29335,29336,29338,29340],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,29337,511],{"class":572},[39,29339,14177],{"class":45},[39,29341,598],{"class":53},[39,29343,29344,29347,29349,29351,29353,29355],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,29345,29346],{"class":45},"    item ",[39,29348,50],{"class":49},[39,29350,14177],{"class":45},[39,29352,94],{"class":53},[39,29354,28159],{"class":97},[39,29356,8257],{"class":53},[39,29358,29359,29361,29363,29365],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,29360,603],{"class":112},[39,29362,101],{"class":53},[39,29364,22922],{"class":97},[39,29366,80],{"class":53},[39,29368,29369,29371],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,29370,27046],{"class":572},[39,29372,598],{"class":53},[39,29374,29375,29377,29379,29381,29384,29386],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,29376,603],{"class":112},[39,29378,101],{"class":53},[39,29380,244],{"class":243},[39,29382,29383],{"class":247},"Dictionary is empty",[39,29385,244],{"class":243},[39,29387,80],{"class":53},[223,29389,29391,29392],{"id":29390},"fix-2-use-try-except","Fix 2: Use ",[15,29393,29394],{},"try-except",[30,29396,29398],{"className":32,"code":29397,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\n\ntry:\n    item = data.popitem()\n    print(item)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary\")\n",[15,29399,29400,29408,29412,29419,29433,29443,29453],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29401,29402,29404,29406],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29403,8778],{"class":45},[39,29405,50],{"class":49},[39,29407,9451],{"class":53},[39,29409,29410],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29411,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,29413,29414,29417],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,29415,29416],{"class":572},"try",[39,29418,598],{"class":53},[39,29420,29421,29423,29425,29427,29429,29431],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,29422,29346],{"class":45},[39,29424,50],{"class":49},[39,29426,14177],{"class":45},[39,29428,94],{"class":53},[39,29430,28159],{"class":97},[39,29432,8257],{"class":53},[39,29434,29435,29437,29439,29441],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,29436,603],{"class":112},[39,29438,101],{"class":53},[39,29440,22922],{"class":97},[39,29442,80],{"class":53},[39,29444,29445,29448,29451],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,29446,29447],{"class":572},"except",[39,29449,29450],{"class":2523}," KeyError",[39,29452,598],{"class":53},[39,29454,29455,29457,29459,29461,29464,29466],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,29456,603],{"class":112},[39,29458,101],{"class":53},[39,29460,244],{"class":243},[39,29462,29463],{"class":247},"Cannot use popitem() on an empty dictionary",[39,29465,244],{"class":243},[39,29467,80],{"class":53},[20,29469,29470,29471,94],{},"If you are troubleshooting this error, see ",[173,29472,25291,29474],{"href":29473},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fkeyerror-popitem-dictionary-is-empty-fix\u002F",[15,29475,29476],{},"KeyError: popitem(): dictionary is empty",[134,29478,4584,29480],{"id":29479},"when-to-use-popitem",[15,29481,12381],{},[20,29483,29484,29486],{},[15,29485,12381],{}," is useful when:",[147,29488,29489,29492,29495],{},[150,29490,29491],{},"you want to remove and get one item at the same time",[150,29493,29494],{},"you are processing items until a dictionary becomes empty",[150,29496,29497],{},"dictionary order matters in your program",[20,29499,29500],{},"Example of processing items until the dictionary is empty:",[30,29502,29504],{"className":32,"code":29503,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tasks = {\n    \"first\": \"wash dishes\",\n    \"second\": \"do homework\",\n    \"third\": \"read book\"\n}\n\nwhile tasks:\n    key, value = tasks.popitem()\n    print(f\"{key}: {value}\")\n",[15,29505,29506,29515,29535,29555,29573,29577,29581,29591,29610],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29507,29508,29511,29513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29509,29510],{"class":45},"tasks ",[39,29512,50],{"class":49},[39,29514,11104],{"class":53},[39,29516,29517,29519,29522,29524,29526,29528,29531,29533],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29518,11109],{"class":243},[39,29520,29521],{"class":247},"first",[39,29523,244],{"class":243},[39,29525,145],{"class":53},[39,29527,255],{"class":243},[39,29529,29530],{"class":247},"wash dishes",[39,29532,244],{"class":243},[39,29534,11125],{"class":53},[39,29536,29537,29539,29542,29544,29546,29548,29551,29553],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,29538,11109],{"class":243},[39,29540,29541],{"class":247},"second",[39,29543,244],{"class":243},[39,29545,145],{"class":53},[39,29547,255],{"class":243},[39,29549,29550],{"class":247},"do homework",[39,29552,244],{"class":243},[39,29554,11125],{"class":53},[39,29556,29557,29559,29562,29564,29566,29568,29571],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,29558,11109],{"class":243},[39,29560,29561],{"class":247},"third",[39,29563,244],{"class":243},[39,29565,145],{"class":53},[39,29567,255],{"class":243},[39,29569,29570],{"class":247},"read book",[39,29572,2983],{"class":243},[39,29574,29575],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,29576,8921],{"class":53},[39,29578,29579],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,29580,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,29582,29583,29586,29589],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,29584,29585],{"class":572},"while",[39,29587,29588],{"class":45}," tasks",[39,29590,598],{"class":53},[39,29592,29593,29596,29598,29600,29602,29604,29606,29608],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,29594,29595],{"class":45},"    key",[39,29597,61],{"class":53},[39,29599,21196],{"class":45},[39,29601,50],{"class":49},[39,29603,29588],{"class":45},[39,29605,94],{"class":53},[39,29607,28159],{"class":97},[39,29609,8257],{"class":53},[39,29611,29612,29614,29616,29618,29620,29622,29624,29626,29628,29630,29632,29634,29636],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,29613,603],{"class":112},[39,29615,101],{"class":53},[39,29617,21906],{"class":1689},[39,29619,244],{"class":247},[39,29621,8890],{"class":57},[39,29623,14452],{"class":97},[39,29625,21915],{"class":57},[39,29627,21918],{"class":247},[39,29629,8890],{"class":57},[39,29631,155],{"class":97},[39,29633,21915],{"class":57},[39,29635,244],{"class":247},[39,29637,80],{"class":53},[20,29639,29640],{},[3367,29641,29642],{},"Possible output:",[30,29644,29646],{"className":32,"code":29645,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"third: read book\nsecond: do homework\nfirst: wash dishes\n",[15,29647,29648,29657,29666],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29649,29650,29652,29654],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29651,29561],{"class":45},[39,29653,145],{"class":53},[39,29655,29656],{"class":45}," read book\n",[39,29658,29659,29661,29663],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29660,29541],{"class":45},[39,29662,145],{"class":53},[39,29664,29665],{"class":45}," do homework\n",[39,29667,29668,29670,29672],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,29669,29521],{"class":45},[39,29671,145],{"class":53},[39,29673,29674],{"class":45}," wash dishes\n",[20,29676,28673,29677,29679],{},[15,29678,12381],{}," removes the last inserted item, this works like removing items from the end.",[134,29681,944],{"id":943},[20,29683,14344,29684,145],{},[15,29685,12381],{},[147,29687,29688,29702,29721,29732],{},[150,29689,29690,29695],{},[3367,29691,29262,29692,29694],{},[15,29693,12381],{}," on an empty dictionary",[147,29696,29697],{},[150,29698,29699,29700,94],{},"This raises ",[15,29701,19300],{},[150,29703,29704,29709],{},[3367,29705,1030,29706,29708],{},[15,29707,12381],{}," to remove a specific key",[147,29710,29711,29714],{},[150,29712,29713],{},"It does not let you choose the key.",[150,29715,128,29716,29720],{},[173,29717,29718],{"href":12178},[15,29719,12374],{}," if you need that.",[150,29722,29723,29727],{},[3367,29724,4328,29725,27312],{},[15,29726,12381],{},[147,29728,29729],{},[150,29730,29731],{},"The removed item is gone after the call.",[150,29733,29734,29737],{},[3367,29735,29736],{},"Assuming the return value is only the value",[147,29738,29739],{},[150,29740,29741,21587,29743,29745],{},[15,29742,12381],{},[15,29744,21267],{}," tuple.",[20,29747,29748],{},"Helpful debugging checks:",[30,29750,29752],{"className":32,"code":29751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(len(my_dict))\n\nitem = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(item)\n",[15,29753,29754,29764,29778,29782,29796],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29755,29756,29758,29760,29762],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29757,113],{"class":112},[39,29759,101],{"class":53},[39,29761,11062],{"class":97},[39,29763,80],{"class":53},[39,29765,29766,29768,29770,29772,29774,29776],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29767,113],{"class":112},[39,29769,101],{"class":53},[39,29771,10775],{"class":112},[39,29773,101],{"class":53},[39,29775,11062],{"class":97},[39,29777,1026],{"class":53},[39,29779,29780],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,29781,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,29783,29784,29786,29788,29790,29792,29794],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,29785,28150],{"class":45},[39,29787,50],{"class":49},[39,29789,11378],{"class":45},[39,29791,94],{"class":53},[39,29793,28159],{"class":97},[39,29795,8257],{"class":53},[39,29797,29798,29800,29802,29804],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,29799,113],{"class":112},[39,29801,101],{"class":53},[39,29803,22922],{"class":97},[39,29805,80],{"class":53},[20,29807,29808],{},"Or with unpacking:",[30,29810,29812],{"className":32,"code":29811,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"key, value = my_dict.popitem()\nprint(key)\nprint(value)\n",[15,29813,29814,29832,29842],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,29815,29816,29818,29820,29822,29824,29826,29828,29830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,29817,14452],{"class":45},[39,29819,61],{"class":53},[39,29821,21196],{"class":45},[39,29823,50],{"class":49},[39,29825,11378],{"class":45},[39,29827,94],{"class":53},[39,29829,28159],{"class":97},[39,29831,8257],{"class":53},[39,29833,29834,29836,29838,29840],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,29835,113],{"class":112},[39,29837,101],{"class":53},[39,29839,14452],{"class":97},[39,29841,80],{"class":53},[39,29843,29844,29846,29848,29850],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,29845,113],{"class":112},[39,29847,101],{"class":53},[39,29849,155],{"class":97},[39,29851,80],{"class":53},[134,29853,1454],{"id":1453},[223,29855,1458,29857,1461],{"id":29856},"what-does-popitem-return-in-python",[15,29858,12381],{},[20,29860,29861,29862,94],{},"It returns the removed key-value pair as a tuple, such as ",[15,29863,29864],{},"('name', 'Alice')",[223,29866,1468,29868,29870],{"id":29867},"does-popitem-remove-the-last-item",[15,29869,12381],{}," remove the last item?",[20,29872,29873],{},"Yes. In modern Python, it removes the last inserted key-value pair.",[223,29875,29877,29878,29880],{"id":29876},"can-i-choose-which-key-popitem-removes","Can I choose which key ",[15,29879,12381],{}," removes?",[20,29882,29883,29884,29888],{},"No. Use ",[173,29885,29886],{"href":12178},[15,29887,12374],{}," if you want to remove a specific key.",[223,29890,1468,29892,14507],{"id":29891},"does-popitem-change-the-original-dictionary",[15,29893,12381],{},[20,29895,29896],{},"Yes. The item is removed from the dictionary.",[223,29898,29900,29901,29903],{"id":29899},"what-error-does-popitem-raise-on-an-empty-dictionary","What error does ",[15,29902,12381],{}," raise on an empty dictionary?",[20,29905,29906,29907,29909,29910,94],{},"It raises ",[15,29908,19300],{}," with the message ",[15,29911,29309],{},[134,29913,1514],{"id":1513},[147,29915,29916,29923,29929,29935,29941,29948,29952,29956],{},[150,29917,29918],{},[173,29919,29920,29922],{"href":12178},[15,29921,12374],{}," method for dictionaries",[150,29924,29925],{},[173,29926,29927,29922],{"href":16688},[15,29928,16691],{},[150,29930,29931],{},[173,29932,29933,29922],{"href":16675},[15,29934,16678],{},[150,29936,29937],{},[173,29938,29939,29922],{"href":16681},[15,29940,16684],{},[150,29942,29943],{},[173,29944,29946,29922],{"href":29945},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-clear-method\u002F",[15,29947,10935],{},[150,29949,29950],{},[173,29951,12398],{"href":12185},[150,29953,29954],{},[173,29955,21069],{"href":16209},[150,29957,29958],{},[173,29959,29960,29961],{"href":29473},"Fix ",[15,29962,29476],{},[1550,29964,29965],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":29967},[29968,29969,29971,29972,29973,29974,29975,29976,29981,29986,29988,29989,30001],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":28246,"depth":83,"text":29970},"What popitem() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":28316,"depth":83,"text":28317},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":28669,"depth":83,"text":28670},{"id":28861,"depth":83,"text":28862},{"id":28989,"depth":83,"text":29977,"children":29978},"Difference between popitem() and pop()",[29979,29980],{"id":28159,"depth":109,"text":12381},{"id":25853,"depth":109,"text":12374},{"id":29258,"depth":83,"text":29259,"children":29982},[29983,29984],{"id":29315,"depth":109,"text":29316},{"id":29390,"depth":109,"text":29985},"Fix 2: Use try-except",{"id":29479,"depth":83,"text":29987},"When to use popitem()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":29990},[29991,29993,29995,29997,29999],{"id":29856,"depth":109,"text":29992},"What does popitem() return in Python?",{"id":29867,"depth":109,"text":29994},"Does popitem() remove the last item?",{"id":29876,"depth":109,"text":29996},"Can I choose which key popitem() removes?",{"id":29891,"depth":109,"text":29998},"Does popitem() change the original dictionary?",{"id":29899,"depth":109,"text":30000},"What error does popitem() raise on an empty dictionary?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary popitem method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method",{"title":27985,"description":30002},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-popitem-method","d7cKBI9V3R325yBRPJbIvubWICPrhq9HWsLXK3gZqNw",{"id":30009,"title":30010,"body":30011,"description":31914,"extension":1587,"meta":31915,"navigation":420,"path":13643,"seo":31916,"stem":31917,"__hash__":31918},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method.md","Python Dictionary update() Method",{"type":7,"value":30012,"toc":31886},[30013,30018,30023,30026,30028,30125,30130,30135,30140,30143,30151,30154,30169,30171,30271,30273,30330,30334,30336,30339,30359,30364,30375,30378,30405,30408,30410,30467,30469,30490,30496,30501,30504,30515,30517,30625,30627,30680,30682,30694,30701,30707,30712,30715,30803,30805,30850,30853,30861,30864,30867,30936,30939,30942,30946,30949,31020,31022,31075,31078,31081,31084,31099,31102,31114,31117,31180,31182,31188,31190,31192,31271,31273,31314,31316,31381,31383,31420,31425,31430,31434,31448,31451,31574,31576,31661,31666,31668,31672,31694,31697,31777,31780,31799,31804,31806,31812,31817,31823,31826,31832,31835,31841,31846,31852,31858,31860,31883],[10,30014,10932,30016,18],{"id":30015},"python-dictionary-update-method",[15,30017,14565],{},[20,30019,1604,30020,30022],{},[15,30021,14565],{}," method changes a dictionary by adding new key-value pairs or replacing existing values.",[20,30024,30025],{},"Use it when you want to modify an existing dictionary instead of creating a new one.",[134,30027,1629],{"id":1628},[30,30029,30031],{"className":32,"code":30030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nperson.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\nprint(person)\n# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,30032,30033,30069,30110,30120],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30034,30035,30037,30039,30041,30043,30045,30047,30049,30051,30053,30055,30057,30059,30061,30063,30065,30067],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30036,12814],{"class":45},[39,30038,50],{"class":49},[39,30040,10103],{"class":53},[39,30042,244],{"class":243},[39,30044,7285],{"class":247},[39,30046,244],{"class":243},[39,30048,145],{"class":53},[39,30050,255],{"class":243},[39,30052,12492],{"class":247},[39,30054,244],{"class":243},[39,30056,61],{"class":53},[39,30058,255],{"class":243},[39,30060,8911],{"class":247},[39,30062,244],{"class":243},[39,30064,145],{"class":53},[39,30066,687],{"class":57},[39,30068,8921],{"class":53},[39,30070,30071,30073,30075,30078,30080,30082,30084,30086,30088,30091,30093,30095,30097,30099,30101,30103,30105,30107],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,30072,16920],{"class":45},[39,30074,94],{"class":53},[39,30076,30077],{"class":97},"update",[39,30079,5145],{"class":53},[39,30081,244],{"class":243},[39,30083,8911],{"class":247},[39,30085,244],{"class":243},[39,30087,145],{"class":53},[39,30089,30090],{"class":57}," 21",[39,30092,61],{"class":53},[39,30094,255],{"class":243},[39,30096,10021],{"class":247},[39,30098,244],{"class":243},[39,30100,145],{"class":53},[39,30102,255],{"class":243},[39,30104,15643],{"class":247},[39,30106,244],{"class":243},[39,30108,30109],{"class":53},"})\n",[39,30111,30112,30114,30116,30118],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,30113,113],{"class":112},[39,30115,101],{"class":53},[39,30117,16920],{"class":97},[39,30119,80],{"class":53},[39,30121,30122],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,30123,30124],{"class":124},"# {'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[20,30126,128,30127,30129],{},[15,30128,14565],{}," to add new keys or overwrite existing keys from another dictionary or iterable of key-value pairs.",[134,30131,137,30133,140],{"id":30132},"what-update-does",[15,30134,14565],{},[20,30136,30137,30139],{},[15,30138,14565],{}," modifies the original dictionary in place.",[20,30141,30142],{},"It can do two main things:",[147,30144,30145,30148],{},[150,30146,30147],{},"Add new key-value pairs",[150,30149,30150],{},"Replace values for keys that already exist",[20,30152,30153],{},"Important things to know:",[147,30155,30156,30159,30162,30166],{},[150,30157,30158],{},"It changes the dictionary directly",[150,30160,30161],{},"It does not sort the dictionary",[150,30163,4768,30164],{},[15,30165,3403],{},[150,30167,30168],{},"You should not assign its result to a new variable",[20,30170,515],{},[30,30172,30174],{"className":32,"code":30173,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mira\", \"grade\": \"B\"}\nstudent.update({\"grade\": \"A\", \"city\": \"Quito\"})\nprint(student)\n",[15,30175,30176,30218,30261],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30177,30178,30180,30182,30184,30186,30188,30190,30192,30194,30197,30199,30201,30203,30205,30207,30209,30211,30214,30216],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30179,12475],{"class":45},[39,30181,50],{"class":49},[39,30183,10103],{"class":53},[39,30185,244],{"class":243},[39,30187,7285],{"class":247},[39,30189,244],{"class":243},[39,30191,145],{"class":53},[39,30193,255],{"class":243},[39,30195,30196],{"class":247},"Mira",[39,30198,244],{"class":243},[39,30200,61],{"class":53},[39,30202,255],{"class":243},[39,30204,19504],{"class":247},[39,30206,244],{"class":243},[39,30208,145],{"class":53},[39,30210,255],{"class":243},[39,30212,30213],{"class":247},"B",[39,30215,244],{"class":243},[39,30217,8921],{"class":53},[39,30219,30220,30222,30224,30226,30228,30230,30232,30234,30236,30238,30240,30242,30244,30246,30248,30250,30252,30254,30257,30259],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,30221,13236],{"class":45},[39,30223,94],{"class":53},[39,30225,30077],{"class":97},[39,30227,5145],{"class":53},[39,30229,244],{"class":243},[39,30231,19504],{"class":247},[39,30233,244],{"class":243},[39,30235,145],{"class":53},[39,30237,255],{"class":243},[39,30239,21857],{"class":247},[39,30241,244],{"class":243},[39,30243,61],{"class":53},[39,30245,255],{"class":243},[39,30247,10021],{"class":247},[39,30249,244],{"class":243},[39,30251,145],{"class":53},[39,30253,255],{"class":243},[39,30255,30256],{"class":247},"Quito",[39,30258,244],{"class":243},[39,30260,30109],{"class":53},[39,30262,30263,30265,30267,30269],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,30264,113],{"class":112},[39,30266,101],{"class":53},[39,30268,13236],{"class":97},[39,30270,80],{"class":53},[20,30272,458],{},[30,30274,30276],{"className":32,"code":30275,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Mira', 'grade': 'A', 'city': 'Quito'}\n",[15,30277,30278],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30279,30280,30282,30284,30286,30288,30290,30292,30294,30296,30298,30300,30302,30304,30306,30308,30310,30312,30314,30316,30318,30320,30322,30324,30326,30328],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30281,8890],{"class":53},[39,30283,629],{"class":243},[39,30285,7285],{"class":247},[39,30287,629],{"class":243},[39,30289,145],{"class":53},[39,30291,2920],{"class":243},[39,30293,30196],{"class":247},[39,30295,629],{"class":243},[39,30297,61],{"class":53},[39,30299,2920],{"class":243},[39,30301,19504],{"class":247},[39,30303,629],{"class":243},[39,30305,145],{"class":53},[39,30307,2920],{"class":243},[39,30309,21857],{"class":247},[39,30311,629],{"class":243},[39,30313,61],{"class":53},[39,30315,2920],{"class":243},[39,30317,10021],{"class":247},[39,30319,629],{"class":243},[39,30321,145],{"class":53},[39,30323,2920],{"class":243},[39,30325,30256],{"class":247},[39,30327,629],{"class":243},[39,30329,8921],{"class":53},[20,30331,8764,30332,94],{},[173,30333,24240],{"href":9003},[134,30335,1781],{"id":1780},[20,30337,30338],{},"The basic form is:",[30,30340,30342],{"className":32,"code":30341,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dictionary.update(other)\n",[15,30343,30344],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30345,30346,30348,30350,30352,30354,30357],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30347,15216],{"class":45},[39,30349,94],{"class":53},[39,30351,30077],{"class":97},[39,30353,101],{"class":53},[39,30355,30356],{"class":97},"other",[39,30358,80],{"class":53},[20,30360,30361,30363],{},[15,30362,30356],{}," can be:",[147,30365,30366,30369,30372],{},[150,30367,30368],{},"Another dictionary",[150,30370,30371],{},"An iterable of key-value pairs",[150,30373,30374],{},"Keyword arguments",[20,30376,30377],{},"You can also use:",[30,30379,30381],{"className":32,"code":30380,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dictionary.update(name=\"Sam\")\n",[15,30382,30383],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30384,30385,30387,30389,30391,30393,30395,30397,30399,30401,30403],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30386,15216],{"class":45},[39,30388,94],{"class":53},[39,30390,30077],{"class":97},[39,30392,101],{"class":53},[39,30394,7285],{"class":8788},[39,30396,50],{"class":49},[39,30398,244],{"class":243},[39,30400,7294],{"class":247},[39,30402,244],{"class":243},[39,30404,80],{"class":53},[20,30406,30407],{},"If the same key appears more than once, the last value wins.",[20,30409,515],{},[30,30411,30413],{"className":32,"code":30412,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1}\ndata.update({\"a\": 10})\nprint(data)\n",[15,30414,30415,30435,30457],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30416,30417,30419,30421,30423,30425,30427,30429,30431,30433],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30418,8778],{"class":45},[39,30420,50],{"class":49},[39,30422,10103],{"class":53},[39,30424,244],{"class":243},[39,30426,173],{"class":247},[39,30428,244],{"class":243},[39,30430,145],{"class":53},[39,30432,595],{"class":57},[39,30434,8921],{"class":53},[39,30436,30437,30439,30441,30443,30445,30447,30449,30451,30453,30455],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,30438,8817],{"class":45},[39,30440,94],{"class":53},[39,30442,30077],{"class":97},[39,30444,5145],{"class":53},[39,30446,244],{"class":243},[39,30448,173],{"class":247},[39,30450,244],{"class":243},[39,30452,145],{"class":53},[39,30454,692],{"class":57},[39,30456,30109],{"class":53},[39,30458,30459,30461,30463,30465],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,30460,113],{"class":112},[39,30462,101],{"class":53},[39,30464,8817],{"class":97},[39,30466,80],{"class":53},[20,30468,458],{},[30,30470,30472],{"className":32,"code":30471,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a': 10}\n",[15,30473,30474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30475,30476,30478,30480,30482,30484,30486,30488],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30477,8890],{"class":53},[39,30479,629],{"class":243},[39,30481,173],{"class":247},[39,30483,629],{"class":243},[39,30485,145],{"class":53},[39,30487,692],{"class":57},[39,30489,8921],{"class":53},[134,30491,948,30493,30495],{"id":30492},"using-update-with-another-dictionary",[15,30494,14565],{}," with another dictionary",[20,30497,30498,30499,94],{},"This is the most common use of ",[15,30500,14565],{},[20,30502,30503],{},"It is useful when:",[147,30505,30506,30509,30512],{},[150,30507,30508],{},"Merging small dictionaries",[150,30510,30511],{},"Adding extra settings",[150,30513,30514],{},"Updating stored data",[20,30516,515],{},[30,30518,30520],{"className":32,"code":30519,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"settings = {\"theme\": \"light\", \"font_size\": 12}\nnew_settings = {\"font_size\": 14, \"language\": \"en\"}\n\nsettings.update(new_settings)\nprint(settings)\n",[15,30521,30522,30559,30596,30600,30615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30523,30524,30526,30528,30530,30532,30534,30536,30538,30540,30542,30544,30546,30548,30550,30552,30554,30557],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30525,13436],{"class":45},[39,30527,50],{"class":49},[39,30529,10103],{"class":53},[39,30531,244],{"class":243},[39,30533,12106],{"class":247},[39,30535,244],{"class":243},[39,30537,145],{"class":53},[39,30539,255],{"class":243},[39,30541,20540],{"class":247},[39,30543,244],{"class":243},[39,30545,61],{"class":53},[39,30547,255],{"class":243},[39,30549,13461],{"class":247},[39,30551,244],{"class":243},[39,30553,145],{"class":53},[39,30555,30556],{"class":57}," 12",[39,30558,8921],{"class":53},[39,30560,30561,30564,30566,30568,30570,30572,30574,30576,30578,30580,30582,30584,30586,30588,30590,30592,30594],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,30562,30563],{"class":45},"new_settings ",[39,30565,50],{"class":49},[39,30567,10103],{"class":53},[39,30569,244],{"class":243},[39,30571,13461],{"class":247},[39,30573,244],{"class":243},[39,30575,145],{"class":53},[39,30577,13468],{"class":57},[39,30579,61],{"class":53},[39,30581,255],{"class":243},[39,30583,19735],{"class":247},[39,30585,244],{"class":243},[39,30587,145],{"class":53},[39,30589,255],{"class":243},[39,30591,19769],{"class":247},[39,30593,244],{"class":243},[39,30595,8921],{"class":53},[39,30597,30598],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,30599,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,30601,30602,30604,30606,30608,30610,30613],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,30603,13495],{"class":45},[39,30605,94],{"class":53},[39,30607,30077],{"class":97},[39,30609,101],{"class":53},[39,30611,30612],{"class":97},"new_settings",[39,30614,80],{"class":53},[39,30616,30617,30619,30621,30623],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,30618,113],{"class":112},[39,30620,101],{"class":53},[39,30622,13495],{"class":97},[39,30624,80],{"class":53},[20,30626,458],{},[30,30628,30630],{"className":32,"code":30629,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'theme': 'light', 'font_size': 14, 'language': 'en'}\n",[15,30631,30632],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30633,30634,30636,30638,30640,30642,30644,30646,30648,30650,30652,30654,30656,30658,30660,30662,30664,30666,30668,30670,30672,30674,30676,30678],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30635,8890],{"class":53},[39,30637,629],{"class":243},[39,30639,12106],{"class":247},[39,30641,629],{"class":243},[39,30643,145],{"class":53},[39,30645,2920],{"class":243},[39,30647,20540],{"class":247},[39,30649,629],{"class":243},[39,30651,61],{"class":53},[39,30653,2920],{"class":243},[39,30655,13461],{"class":247},[39,30657,629],{"class":243},[39,30659,145],{"class":53},[39,30661,13468],{"class":57},[39,30663,61],{"class":53},[39,30665,2920],{"class":243},[39,30667,19735],{"class":247},[39,30669,629],{"class":243},[39,30671,145],{"class":53},[39,30673,2920],{"class":243},[39,30675,19769],{"class":247},[39,30677,629],{"class":243},[39,30679,8921],{"class":53},[20,30681,13019],{},[147,30683,30684,30689],{},[150,30685,30686,30688],{},[15,30687,13461],{}," already existed, so its value was replaced",[150,30690,30691,30693],{},[15,30692,19735],{}," did not exist, so it was added",[20,30695,30696,30697,94],{},"If you want a task-focused guide, see ",[173,30698,30700],{"href":30699},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-merge-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","how to merge dictionaries in Python",[134,30702,948,30704,30706],{"id":30703},"using-update-with-key-value-pairs",[15,30705,14565],{}," with key-value pairs",[20,30708,30709,30711],{},[15,30710,14565],{}," also works with iterables that contain pairs.",[20,30713,30714],{},"For example, you can pass a list of tuples:",[30,30716,30718],{"className":32,"code":30717,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"math\": 90}\npairs = [(\"science\", 85), (\"english\", 88)]\n\nscores.update(pairs)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,30719,30720,30740,30775,30779,30793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30721,30722,30724,30726,30728,30730,30732,30734,30736,30738],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30723,675],{"class":45},[39,30725,50],{"class":49},[39,30727,10103],{"class":53},[39,30729,244],{"class":243},[39,30731,18029],{"class":247},[39,30733,244],{"class":243},[39,30735,145],{"class":53},[39,30737,19511],{"class":57},[39,30739,8921],{"class":53},[39,30741,30742,30744,30746,30748,30750,30752,30754,30756,30758,30760,30762,30764,30767,30769,30771,30773],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,30743,8828],{"class":45},[39,30745,50],{"class":49},[39,30747,8833],{"class":53},[39,30749,244],{"class":243},[39,30751,18038],{"class":247},[39,30753,244],{"class":243},[39,30755,61],{"class":53},[39,30757,13117],{"class":57},[39,30759,8846],{"class":53},[39,30761,54],{"class":53},[39,30763,244],{"class":243},[39,30765,30766],{"class":247},"english",[39,30768,244],{"class":243},[39,30770,61],{"class":53},[39,30772,28532],{"class":57},[39,30774,8861],{"class":53},[39,30776,30777],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,30778,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,30780,30781,30783,30785,30787,30789,30791],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,30782,16001],{"class":45},[39,30784,94],{"class":53},[39,30786,30077],{"class":97},[39,30788,101],{"class":53},[39,30790,8874],{"class":97},[39,30792,80],{"class":53},[39,30794,30795,30797,30799,30801],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,30796,113],{"class":112},[39,30798,101],{"class":53},[39,30800,16001],{"class":97},[39,30802,80],{"class":53},[20,30804,458],{},[30,30806,30808],{"className":32,"code":30807,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'math': 90, 'science': 85, 'english': 88}\n",[15,30809,30810],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30811,30812,30814,30816,30818,30820,30822,30824,30826,30828,30830,30832,30834,30836,30838,30840,30842,30844,30846,30848],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30813,8890],{"class":53},[39,30815,629],{"class":243},[39,30817,18029],{"class":247},[39,30819,629],{"class":243},[39,30821,145],{"class":53},[39,30823,19511],{"class":57},[39,30825,61],{"class":53},[39,30827,2920],{"class":243},[39,30829,18038],{"class":247},[39,30831,629],{"class":243},[39,30833,145],{"class":53},[39,30835,13117],{"class":57},[39,30837,61],{"class":53},[39,30839,2920],{"class":243},[39,30841,30766],{"class":247},[39,30843,629],{"class":243},[39,30845,145],{"class":53},[39,30847,28532],{"class":57},[39,30849,8921],{"class":53},[20,30851,30852],{},"Each item must contain exactly two values:",[147,30854,30855,30858],{},[150,30856,30857],{},"The key",[150,30859,30860],{},"The value",[20,30862,30863],{},"Bad structure will raise an error.",[20,30865,30866],{},"Example of incorrect data:",[30,30868,30870],{"className":32,"code":30869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1}\nbad_pairs = [(\"b\", 2, 3)]\n\ndata.update(bad_pairs)\n",[15,30871,30872,30892,30917,30921],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30873,30874,30876,30878,30880,30882,30884,30886,30888,30890],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30875,8778],{"class":45},[39,30877,50],{"class":49},[39,30879,10103],{"class":53},[39,30881,244],{"class":243},[39,30883,173],{"class":247},[39,30885,244],{"class":243},[39,30887,145],{"class":53},[39,30889,595],{"class":57},[39,30891,8921],{"class":53},[39,30893,30894,30897,30899,30901,30903,30905,30907,30909,30911,30913,30915],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,30895,30896],{"class":45},"bad_pairs ",[39,30898,50],{"class":49},[39,30900,8833],{"class":53},[39,30902,244],{"class":243},[39,30904,1070],{"class":247},[39,30906,244],{"class":243},[39,30908,61],{"class":53},[39,30910,64],{"class":57},[39,30912,61],{"class":53},[39,30914,73],{"class":57},[39,30916,8861],{"class":53},[39,30918,30919],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,30920,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,30922,30923,30925,30927,30929,30931,30934],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,30924,8817],{"class":45},[39,30926,94],{"class":53},[39,30928,30077],{"class":97},[39,30930,101],{"class":53},[39,30932,30933],{"class":97},"bad_pairs",[39,30935,80],{"class":53},[20,30937,30938],{},"This causes an error because each item must be a pair.",[20,30940,30941],{},"This form is useful when you have simple data that needs to become dictionary entries.",[134,30943,30945],{"id":30944},"using-keyword-arguments","Using keyword arguments",[20,30947,30948],{},"You can also pass key-value pairs as keyword arguments:",[30,30950,30952],{"className":32,"code":30951,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {\"name\": \"Leo\"}\nuser.update(age=25, city=\"Madrid\")\nprint(user)\n",[15,30953,30954,30978,31010],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,30955,30956,30958,30960,30962,30964,30966,30968,30970,30972,30974,30976],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,30957,11099],{"class":45},[39,30959,50],{"class":49},[39,30961,10103],{"class":53},[39,30963,244],{"class":243},[39,30965,7285],{"class":247},[39,30967,244],{"class":243},[39,30969,145],{"class":53},[39,30971,255],{"class":243},[39,30973,28525],{"class":247},[39,30975,244],{"class":243},[39,30977,8921],{"class":53},[39,30979,30980,30982,30984,30986,30988,30990,30992,30994,30996,30999,31001,31003,31006,31008],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,30981,11193],{"class":45},[39,30983,94],{"class":53},[39,30985,30077],{"class":97},[39,30987,101],{"class":53},[39,30989,8911],{"class":8788},[39,30991,50],{"class":49},[39,30993,8806],{"class":57},[39,30995,61],{"class":53},[39,30997,30998],{"class":8788}," city",[39,31000,50],{"class":49},[39,31002,244],{"class":243},[39,31004,31005],{"class":247},"Madrid",[39,31007,244],{"class":243},[39,31009,80],{"class":53},[39,31011,31012,31014,31016,31018],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,31013,113],{"class":112},[39,31015,101],{"class":53},[39,31017,11193],{"class":97},[39,31019,80],{"class":53},[20,31021,458],{},[30,31023,31025],{"className":32,"code":31024,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Leo', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Madrid'}\n",[15,31026,31027],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31028,31029,31031,31033,31035,31037,31039,31041,31043,31045,31047,31049,31051,31053,31055,31057,31059,31061,31063,31065,31067,31069,31071,31073],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31030,8890],{"class":53},[39,31032,629],{"class":243},[39,31034,7285],{"class":247},[39,31036,629],{"class":243},[39,31038,145],{"class":53},[39,31040,2920],{"class":243},[39,31042,28525],{"class":247},[39,31044,629],{"class":243},[39,31046,61],{"class":53},[39,31048,2920],{"class":243},[39,31050,8911],{"class":247},[39,31052,629],{"class":243},[39,31054,145],{"class":53},[39,31056,8918],{"class":57},[39,31058,61],{"class":53},[39,31060,2920],{"class":243},[39,31062,10021],{"class":247},[39,31064,629],{"class":243},[39,31066,145],{"class":53},[39,31068,2920],{"class":243},[39,31070,31005],{"class":247},[39,31072,629],{"class":243},[39,31074,8921],{"class":53},[20,31076,31077],{},"This is convenient for simple string keys.",[20,31079,31080],{},"But there is one limit: keys must be valid Python identifiers.",[20,31082,31083],{},"These work:",[147,31085,31086,31090,31094],{},[150,31087,31088],{},[15,31089,8911],{},[150,31091,31092],{},[15,31093,10021],{},[150,31095,31096],{},[15,31097,31098],{},"first_name",[20,31100,31101],{},"These do not work as keyword arguments:",[147,31103,31104,31109],{},[150,31105,31106],{},[15,31107,31108],{},"\"first name\"",[150,31110,31111],{},[15,31112,31113],{},"\"user-id\"",[20,31115,31116],{},"For keys like that, use a dictionary instead:",[30,31118,31120],{"className":32,"code":31119,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = {}\nuser.update({\"first name\": \"Leo\", \"user-id\": 1001})\nprint(user)\n",[15,31121,31122,31130,31170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31123,31124,31126,31128],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31125,11099],{"class":45},[39,31127,50],{"class":49},[39,31129,9451],{"class":53},[39,31131,31132,31134,31136,31138,31140,31142,31144,31146,31148,31150,31152,31154,31156,31158,31161,31163,31165,31168],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,31133,11193],{"class":45},[39,31135,94],{"class":53},[39,31137,30077],{"class":97},[39,31139,5145],{"class":53},[39,31141,244],{"class":243},[39,31143,10125],{"class":247},[39,31145,244],{"class":243},[39,31147,145],{"class":53},[39,31149,255],{"class":243},[39,31151,28525],{"class":247},[39,31153,244],{"class":243},[39,31155,61],{"class":53},[39,31157,255],{"class":243},[39,31159,31160],{"class":247},"user-id",[39,31162,244],{"class":243},[39,31164,145],{"class":53},[39,31166,31167],{"class":57}," 1001",[39,31169,30109],{"class":53},[39,31171,31172,31174,31176,31178],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,31173,113],{"class":112},[39,31175,101],{"class":53},[39,31177,11193],{"class":97},[39,31179,80],{"class":53},[134,31181,17032],{"id":17031},[20,31183,31184,476,31186,94],{},[15,31185,14565],{},[15,31187,3403],{},[20,31189,13659],{},[20,31191,24320],{},[30,31193,31195],{"className":32,"code":31194,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nresult = person.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(result)\nprint(person)\n",[15,31196,31197,31221,31247,31251,31261],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31198,31199,31201,31203,31205,31207,31209,31211,31213,31215,31217,31219],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31200,12814],{"class":45},[39,31202,50],{"class":49},[39,31204,10103],{"class":53},[39,31206,244],{"class":243},[39,31208,7285],{"class":247},[39,31210,244],{"class":243},[39,31212,145],{"class":53},[39,31214,255],{"class":243},[39,31216,12492],{"class":247},[39,31218,244],{"class":243},[39,31220,8921],{"class":53},[39,31222,31223,31225,31227,31229,31231,31233,31235,31237,31239,31241,31243,31245],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,31224,86],{"class":45},[39,31226,50],{"class":49},[39,31228,12857],{"class":45},[39,31230,94],{"class":53},[39,31232,30077],{"class":97},[39,31234,5145],{"class":53},[39,31236,244],{"class":243},[39,31238,8911],{"class":247},[39,31240,244],{"class":243},[39,31242,145],{"class":53},[39,31244,687],{"class":57},[39,31246,30109],{"class":53},[39,31248,31249],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,31250,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,31252,31253,31255,31257,31259],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,31254,113],{"class":112},[39,31256,101],{"class":53},[39,31258,118],{"class":97},[39,31260,80],{"class":53},[39,31262,31263,31265,31267,31269],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,31264,113],{"class":112},[39,31266,101],{"class":53},[39,31268,16920],{"class":97},[39,31270,80],{"class":53},[20,31272,458],{},[30,31274,31276],{"className":32,"code":31275,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31277,31278,31282],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31279,31280],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31281,11420],{"class":3477},[39,31283,31284,31286,31288,31290,31292,31294,31296,31298,31300,31302,31304,31306,31308,31310,31312],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,31285,8890],{"class":53},[39,31287,629],{"class":243},[39,31289,7285],{"class":247},[39,31291,629],{"class":243},[39,31293,145],{"class":53},[39,31295,2920],{"class":243},[39,31297,12492],{"class":247},[39,31299,629],{"class":243},[39,31301,61],{"class":53},[39,31303,2920],{"class":243},[39,31305,8911],{"class":247},[39,31307,629],{"class":243},[39,31309,145],{"class":53},[39,31311,687],{"class":57},[39,31313,8921],{"class":53},[20,31315,16268],{},[30,31317,31319],{"className":32,"code":31318,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\nperson.update({\"age\": 20})\n\nprint(person)\n",[15,31320,31321,31345,31367,31371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31322,31323,31325,31327,31329,31331,31333,31335,31337,31339,31341,31343],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31324,12814],{"class":45},[39,31326,50],{"class":49},[39,31328,10103],{"class":53},[39,31330,244],{"class":243},[39,31332,7285],{"class":247},[39,31334,244],{"class":243},[39,31336,145],{"class":53},[39,31338,255],{"class":243},[39,31340,12492],{"class":247},[39,31342,244],{"class":243},[39,31344,8921],{"class":53},[39,31346,31347,31349,31351,31353,31355,31357,31359,31361,31363,31365],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,31348,16920],{"class":45},[39,31350,94],{"class":53},[39,31352,30077],{"class":97},[39,31354,5145],{"class":53},[39,31356,244],{"class":243},[39,31358,8911],{"class":247},[39,31360,244],{"class":243},[39,31362,145],{"class":53},[39,31364,687],{"class":57},[39,31366,30109],{"class":53},[39,31368,31369],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,31370,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,31372,31373,31375,31377,31379],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,31374,113],{"class":112},[39,31376,101],{"class":53},[39,31378,16920],{"class":97},[39,31380,80],{"class":53},[20,31382,458],{},[30,31384,31386],{"className":32,"code":31385,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n",[15,31387,31388],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31389,31390,31392,31394,31396,31398,31400,31402,31404,31406,31408,31410,31412,31414,31416,31418],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31391,8890],{"class":53},[39,31393,629],{"class":243},[39,31395,7285],{"class":247},[39,31397,629],{"class":243},[39,31399,145],{"class":53},[39,31401,2920],{"class":243},[39,31403,12492],{"class":247},[39,31405,629],{"class":243},[39,31407,61],{"class":53},[39,31409,2920],{"class":243},[39,31411,8911],{"class":247},[39,31413,629],{"class":243},[39,31415,145],{"class":53},[39,31417,687],{"class":57},[39,31419,8921],{"class":53},[20,31421,31422,31423,94],{},"If you only want to add or change one key, see ",[173,31424,17516],{"href":10344},[134,31426,4584,31428],{"id":31427},"when-to-use-update",[15,31429,14565],{},[20,31431,128,31432,10214],{},[15,31433,14565],{},[147,31435,31436,31439,31442,31445],{},[150,31437,31438],{},"You want to modify an existing dictionary",[150,31440,31441],{},"You want to add several keys at once",[150,31443,31444],{},"You want to merge settings or user data",[150,31446,31447],{},"Overwriting old values is acceptable",[20,31449,31450],{},"If you want to keep the original dictionary unchanged, make a copy first:",[30,31452,31454],{"className":32,"code":31453,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nupdated = original.copy()\n\nupdated.update({\"age\": 21, \"city\": \"Lima\"})\n\nprint(original)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,31455,31456,31492,31507,31511,31550,31554,31564],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31457,31458,31460,31462,31464,31466,31468,31470,31472,31474,31476,31478,31480,31482,31484,31486,31488,31490],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31459,11697],{"class":45},[39,31461,50],{"class":49},[39,31463,10103],{"class":53},[39,31465,244],{"class":243},[39,31467,7285],{"class":247},[39,31469,244],{"class":243},[39,31471,145],{"class":53},[39,31473,255],{"class":243},[39,31475,12492],{"class":247},[39,31477,244],{"class":243},[39,31479,61],{"class":53},[39,31481,255],{"class":243},[39,31483,8911],{"class":247},[39,31485,244],{"class":243},[39,31487,145],{"class":53},[39,31489,687],{"class":57},[39,31491,8921],{"class":53},[39,31493,31494,31497,31499,31501,31503,31505],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,31495,31496],{"class":45},"updated ",[39,31498,50],{"class":49},[39,31500,11772],{"class":45},[39,31502,94],{"class":53},[39,31504,12523],{"class":97},[39,31506,8257],{"class":53},[39,31508,31509],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,31510,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,31512,31513,31516,31518,31520,31522,31524,31526,31528,31530,31532,31534,31536,31538,31540,31542,31544,31546,31548],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,31514,31515],{"class":45},"updated",[39,31517,94],{"class":53},[39,31519,30077],{"class":97},[39,31521,5145],{"class":53},[39,31523,244],{"class":243},[39,31525,8911],{"class":247},[39,31527,244],{"class":243},[39,31529,145],{"class":53},[39,31531,30090],{"class":57},[39,31533,61],{"class":53},[39,31535,255],{"class":243},[39,31537,10021],{"class":247},[39,31539,244],{"class":243},[39,31541,145],{"class":53},[39,31543,255],{"class":243},[39,31545,15643],{"class":247},[39,31547,244],{"class":243},[39,31549,30109],{"class":53},[39,31551,31552],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,31553,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,31555,31556,31558,31560,31562],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,31557,113],{"class":112},[39,31559,101],{"class":53},[39,31561,11744],{"class":97},[39,31563,80],{"class":53},[39,31565,31566,31568,31570,31572],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,31567,113],{"class":112},[39,31569,101],{"class":53},[39,31571,31515],{"class":97},[39,31573,80],{"class":53},[20,31575,458],{},[30,31577,31579],{"className":32,"code":31578,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 20}\n{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 21, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,31580,31581,31613],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31582,31583,31585,31587,31589,31591,31593,31595,31597,31599,31601,31603,31605,31607,31609,31611],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31584,8890],{"class":53},[39,31586,629],{"class":243},[39,31588,7285],{"class":247},[39,31590,629],{"class":243},[39,31592,145],{"class":53},[39,31594,2920],{"class":243},[39,31596,12492],{"class":247},[39,31598,629],{"class":243},[39,31600,61],{"class":53},[39,31602,2920],{"class":243},[39,31604,8911],{"class":247},[39,31606,629],{"class":243},[39,31608,145],{"class":53},[39,31610,687],{"class":57},[39,31612,8921],{"class":53},[39,31614,31615,31617,31619,31621,31623,31625,31627,31629,31631,31633,31635,31637,31639,31641,31643,31645,31647,31649,31651,31653,31655,31657,31659],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,31616,8890],{"class":53},[39,31618,629],{"class":243},[39,31620,7285],{"class":247},[39,31622,629],{"class":243},[39,31624,145],{"class":53},[39,31626,2920],{"class":243},[39,31628,12492],{"class":247},[39,31630,629],{"class":243},[39,31632,61],{"class":53},[39,31634,2920],{"class":243},[39,31636,8911],{"class":247},[39,31638,629],{"class":243},[39,31640,145],{"class":53},[39,31642,30090],{"class":57},[39,31644,61],{"class":53},[39,31646,2920],{"class":243},[39,31648,10021],{"class":247},[39,31650,629],{"class":243},[39,31652,145],{"class":53},[39,31654,2920],{"class":243},[39,31656,15643],{"class":247},[39,31658,629],{"class":243},[39,31660,8921],{"class":53},[20,31662,31663,31664,94],{},"After updating a dictionary, you may also want to learn ",[173,31665,16210],{"href":16209},[134,31667,944],{"id":943},[20,31669,10360,31670,145],{},[15,31671,14565],{},[147,31673,31674,31681,31685,31688,31691],{},[150,31675,12206,31676,31678,31679],{},[15,31677,14565],{}," to a variable and getting ",[15,31680,3403],{},[150,31682,1030,31683,12214],{},[15,31684,14565],{},[150,31686,31687],{},"Passing items that are not key-value pairs",[150,31689,31690],{},"Using keyword arguments for keys that are not valid identifiers",[150,31692,31693],{},"Overwriting existing values by mistake",[20,31695,31696],{},"Useful debugging checks:",[30,31698,31700],{"className":32,"code":31699,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_dict)\nprint(type(data))\nprint(list(data))\nprint(my_dict.get('key'))\nhelp(dict.update)\n",[15,31701,31702,31712,31726,31740,31762],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31703,31704,31706,31708,31710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31705,113],{"class":112},[39,31707,101],{"class":53},[39,31709,11062],{"class":97},[39,31711,80],{"class":53},[39,31713,31714,31716,31718,31720,31722,31724],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,31715,113],{"class":112},[39,31717,101],{"class":53},[39,31719,2845],{"class":2523},[39,31721,101],{"class":53},[39,31723,8817],{"class":97},[39,31725,1026],{"class":53},[39,31727,31728,31730,31732,31734,31736,31738],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,31729,113],{"class":112},[39,31731,101],{"class":53},[39,31733,7710],{"class":2523},[39,31735,101],{"class":53},[39,31737,8817],{"class":97},[39,31739,1026],{"class":53},[39,31741,31742,31744,31746,31748,31750,31752,31754,31756,31758,31760],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,31743,113],{"class":112},[39,31745,101],{"class":53},[39,31747,11062],{"class":97},[39,31749,94],{"class":53},[39,31751,19363],{"class":97},[39,31753,101],{"class":53},[39,31755,629],{"class":243},[39,31757,14452],{"class":247},[39,31759,629],{"class":243},[39,31761,1026],{"class":53},[39,31763,31764,31767,31769,31771,31773,31775],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,31765,31766],{"class":112},"help",[39,31768,101],{"class":53},[39,31770,8433],{"class":2523},[39,31772,94],{"class":53},[39,31774,30077],{"class":997},[39,31776,80],{"class":53},[20,31778,31779],{},"These can help you check:",[147,31781,31782,31785,31790,31793,31796],{},[150,31783,31784],{},"What your dictionary currently contains",[150,31786,31787,31788],{},"What type of data you are passing to ",[15,31789,14565],{},[150,31791,31792],{},"Whether your input really contains pairs",[150,31794,31795],{},"Whether a key exists",[150,31797,31798],{},"The built-in method help text",[20,31800,31801,31802,94],{},"If you are trying to read a missing key after updating, you may also run into ",[173,31803,10876],{"href":10687},[134,31805,1454],{"id":1453},[223,31807,1468,31809,31811],{"id":31808},"does-update-return-a-new-dictionary",[15,31810,14565],{}," return a new dictionary?",[20,31813,31814,31815,94],{},"No. It changes the original dictionary and returns ",[15,31816,3403],{},[223,31818,1468,31820,31822],{"id":31819},"does-update-overwrite-existing-keys",[15,31821,14565],{}," overwrite existing keys?",[20,31824,31825],{},"Yes. If a key already exists, its value is replaced.",[223,31827,1487,31829,31831],{"id":31828},"can-update-add-new-keys",[15,31830,14565],{}," add new keys?",[20,31833,31834],{},"Yes. Missing keys are added to the dictionary.",[223,31836,27940,31838,31840],{"id":31837},"can-i-use-update-with-a-list",[15,31839,14565],{}," with a list?",[20,31842,31843,31844,94],{},"Yes, if the list contains key-value pairs like ",[15,31845,10708],{},[223,31847,1497,31849,31851],{"id":31848},"what-is-the-difference-between-update-and-assigning-one-key",[15,31850,14565],{}," and assigning one key?",[20,31853,31854,31855,31857],{},"Single assignment changes one key. ",[15,31856,14565],{}," can change many keys at once.",[134,31859,1514],{"id":1513},[147,31861,31862,31866,31870,31875,31879],{},[150,31863,31864],{},[173,31865,25707],{"href":9003},[150,31867,31868],{},[173,31869,10865],{"href":10344},[150,31871,31872],{},[173,31873,31874],{"href":30699},"How to merge dictionaries in Python",[150,31876,31877],{},[173,31878,21069],{"href":16209},[150,31880,31881],{},[173,31882,10876],{"href":10687},[1550,31884,31885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":31887},[31888,31889,31891,31892,31894,31896,31897,31898,31900,31901,31913],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":30132,"depth":83,"text":31890},"What update() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":30492,"depth":83,"text":31893},"Using update() with another dictionary",{"id":30703,"depth":83,"text":31895},"Using update() with key-value pairs",{"id":30944,"depth":83,"text":30945},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":31427,"depth":83,"text":31899},"When to use update()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":31902},[31903,31905,31907,31909,31911],{"id":31808,"depth":109,"text":31904},"Does update() return a new dictionary?",{"id":31819,"depth":109,"text":31906},"Does update() overwrite existing keys?",{"id":31828,"depth":109,"text":31908},"Can update() add new keys?",{"id":31837,"depth":109,"text":31910},"Can I use update() with a list?",{"id":31848,"depth":109,"text":31912},"What is the difference between update() and assigning one key?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":30010,"description":31914},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-update-method","njJ700GKZ1TE_XL_n6OM2NaXw_gA2-mTYBWaDLPqKa8",{"id":31920,"title":31921,"body":31922,"description":33910,"extension":1587,"meta":33911,"navigation":420,"path":22506,"seo":33912,"stem":33913,"__hash__":33914},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method.md","Python Dictionary values() Method",{"type":7,"value":31923,"toc":33873},[31924,31929,31936,31939,31941,32040,32042,32097,32102,32107,32121,32126,32128,32143,32145,32159,32172,32177,32183,32190,32192,32299,32301,32350,32356,32431,32433,32454,32456,32459,32564,32566,32621,32623,32651,32655,32660,32739,32741,32761,32763,32774,32784,32788,32793,32896,32898,32923,32926,32937,32942,32951,32954,32971,32973,33060,33062,33125,33127,33150,33152,33157,33163,33168,33170,33209,33215,33218,33237,33248,33254,33257,33330,33332,33351,33356,33359,33382,33388,33391,33455,33458,33535,33542,33545,33604,33610,33612,33631,33635,33638,33689,33692,33712,33714,33775,33777,33782,33787,33792,33797,33802,33807,33813,33816,33825,33833,33835,33870],[10,31925,10932,31927,18],{"id":31926},"python-dictionary-values-method",[15,31928,16684],{},[20,31930,31931,31932,31935],{},"The Python ",[15,31933,31934],{},"dict.values()"," method returns all values from a dictionary.",[20,31937,31938],{},"It is useful when you want the values only and do not need the keys. A common beginner use case is getting all values from a dictionary so you can print them, loop through them, or convert them to a list.",[134,31940,1629],{"id":1628},[30,31942,31944],{"className":32,"code":31943,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(values)\nprint(list(values))\n",[15,31945,31946,31998,32012,32016,32026],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,31947,31948,31950,31952,31954,31956,31958,31960,31962,31964,31966,31968,31970,31972,31974,31976,31978,31980,31982,31984,31986,31988,31990,31992,31994,31996],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,31949,12475],{"class":45},[39,31951,50],{"class":49},[39,31953,10103],{"class":53},[39,31955,244],{"class":243},[39,31957,7285],{"class":247},[39,31959,244],{"class":243},[39,31961,145],{"class":53},[39,31963,255],{"class":243},[39,31965,12492],{"class":247},[39,31967,244],{"class":243},[39,31969,61],{"class":53},[39,31971,255],{"class":243},[39,31973,8911],{"class":247},[39,31975,244],{"class":243},[39,31977,145],{"class":53},[39,31979,687],{"class":57},[39,31981,61],{"class":53},[39,31983,255],{"class":243},[39,31985,10021],{"class":247},[39,31987,244],{"class":243},[39,31989,145],{"class":53},[39,31991,255],{"class":243},[39,31993,15643],{"class":247},[39,31995,244],{"class":243},[39,31997,8921],{"class":53},[39,31999,32000,32002,32004,32006,32008,32010],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32001,812],{"class":45},[39,32003,50],{"class":49},[39,32005,12518],{"class":45},[39,32007,94],{"class":53},[39,32009,856],{"class":97},[39,32011,8257],{"class":53},[39,32013,32014],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,32015,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32017,32018,32020,32022,32024],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,32019,113],{"class":112},[39,32021,101],{"class":53},[39,32023,856],{"class":97},[39,32025,80],{"class":53},[39,32027,32028,32030,32032,32034,32036,32038],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,32029,113],{"class":112},[39,32031,101],{"class":53},[39,32033,7710],{"class":2523},[39,32035,101],{"class":53},[39,32037,856],{"class":97},[39,32039,1026],{"class":53},[20,32041,458],{},[30,32043,32045],{"className":32,"code":32044,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_values(['Ana', 20, 'Lima'])\n['Ana', 20, 'Lima']\n",[15,32046,32047,32073],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32048,32049,32051,32053,32055,32057,32059,32061,32063,32065,32067,32069,32071],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32050,16650],{"class":97},[39,32052,2608],{"class":53},[39,32054,629],{"class":243},[39,32056,12492],{"class":247},[39,32058,629],{"class":243},[39,32060,61],{"class":53},[39,32062,687],{"class":57},[39,32064,61],{"class":53},[39,32066,2920],{"class":243},[39,32068,15643],{"class":247},[39,32070,629],{"class":243},[39,32072,3513],{"class":53},[39,32074,32075,32077,32079,32081,32083,32085,32087,32089,32091,32093,32095],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32076,3525],{"class":53},[39,32078,629],{"class":243},[39,32080,12492],{"class":247},[39,32082,629],{"class":243},[39,32084,61],{"class":53},[39,32086,687],{"class":57},[39,32088,61],{"class":53},[39,32090,2920],{"class":243},[39,32092,15643],{"class":247},[39,32094,629],{"class":243},[39,32096,3262],{"class":53},[20,32098,32099,32101],{},[15,32100,16684],{}," returns a dictionary view object. Convert it to a list if you want a regular list.",[134,32103,137,32105,140],{"id":32104},"what-values-does",[15,32106,16684],{},[147,32108,32109,32112,32115,32118],{},[150,32110,32111],{},"It is used on a dictionary",[150,32113,32114],{},"It returns all dictionary values",[150,32116,32117],{},"It keeps the same order as the dictionary",[150,32119,32120],{},"It returns a view object, not a new list",[20,32122,32123,32124,94],{},"If you already know how to create dictionaries, see ",[173,32125,9004],{"href":9003},[134,32127,1781],{"id":1780},[30,32129,32131],{"className":32,"code":32130,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_dict.values()\n",[15,32132,32133],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32134,32135,32137,32139,32141],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32136,11062],{"class":45},[39,32138,94],{"class":53},[39,32140,856],{"class":97},[39,32142,8257],{"class":53},[20,32144,12664],{},[147,32146,32147,32151,32154],{},[150,32148,32149,11078],{},[15,32150,16684],{},[150,32152,32153],{},"It works only on dictionary objects",[150,32155,32156,32157],{},"You must include the parentheses: ",[15,32158,16684],{},[20,32160,32161,32162,796,32167,94],{},"This is a dictionary method, similar to ",[173,32163,32164,32166],{"href":16675},[15,32165,16678],{}," for dictionary keys",[173,32168,32169,32171],{"href":16688},[15,32170,16691],{}," for key-value pairs",[134,32173,137,32175,11317],{"id":32174},"what-values-returns",[15,32176,16684],{},[20,32178,32179,21587,32181,24375],{},[15,32180,16684],{},[15,32182,16650],{},[20,32184,32185,32186,32189],{},"This object is a ",[3367,32187,32188],{},"view"," of the dictionary values. That means it shows the current values in the dictionary, and it updates if the dictionary changes.",[20,32191,515],{},[30,32193,32195],{"className":32,"code":32194,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\n\nvalues_view = person.values()\nprint(values_view)\n\nperson[\"city\"] = \"Quito\"\nprint(values_view)\n",[15,32196,32197,32233,32237,32252,32263,32267,32289],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32198,32199,32201,32203,32205,32207,32209,32211,32213,32215,32217,32219,32221,32223,32225,32227,32229,32231],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32200,12814],{"class":45},[39,32202,50],{"class":49},[39,32204,10103],{"class":53},[39,32206,244],{"class":243},[39,32208,7285],{"class":247},[39,32210,244],{"class":243},[39,32212,145],{"class":53},[39,32214,255],{"class":243},[39,32216,7538],{"class":247},[39,32218,244],{"class":243},[39,32220,61],{"class":53},[39,32222,255],{"class":243},[39,32224,8911],{"class":247},[39,32226,244],{"class":243},[39,32228,145],{"class":53},[39,32230,8918],{"class":57},[39,32232,8921],{"class":53},[39,32234,32235],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32236,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32238,32239,32242,32244,32246,32248,32250],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,32240,32241],{"class":45},"values_view ",[39,32243,50],{"class":49},[39,32245,12857],{"class":45},[39,32247,94],{"class":53},[39,32249,856],{"class":97},[39,32251,8257],{"class":53},[39,32253,32254,32256,32258,32261],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,32255,113],{"class":112},[39,32257,101],{"class":53},[39,32259,32260],{"class":97},"values_view",[39,32262,80],{"class":53},[39,32264,32265],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,32266,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32268,32269,32271,32273,32275,32277,32279,32281,32283,32285,32287],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,32270,16920],{"class":45},[39,32272,3525],{"class":53},[39,32274,244],{"class":243},[39,32276,10021],{"class":247},[39,32278,244],{"class":243},[39,32280,12883],{"class":53},[39,32282,12886],{"class":49},[39,32284,255],{"class":243},[39,32286,30256],{"class":247},[39,32288,2983],{"class":243},[39,32290,32291,32293,32295,32297],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,32292,113],{"class":112},[39,32294,101],{"class":53},[39,32296,32260],{"class":97},[39,32298,80],{"class":53},[20,32300,458],{},[30,32302,32304],{"className":32,"code":32303,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_values(['Mia', 25])\ndict_values(['Mia', 25, 'Quito'])\n",[15,32305,32306,32324],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32307,32308,32310,32312,32314,32316,32318,32320,32322],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32309,16650],{"class":97},[39,32311,2608],{"class":53},[39,32313,629],{"class":243},[39,32315,7538],{"class":247},[39,32317,629],{"class":243},[39,32319,61],{"class":53},[39,32321,8918],{"class":57},[39,32323,3513],{"class":53},[39,32325,32326,32328,32330,32332,32334,32336,32338,32340,32342,32344,32346,32348],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32327,16650],{"class":97},[39,32329,2608],{"class":53},[39,32331,629],{"class":243},[39,32333,7538],{"class":247},[39,32335,629],{"class":243},[39,32337,61],{"class":53},[39,32339,8918],{"class":57},[39,32341,61],{"class":53},[39,32343,2920],{"class":243},[39,32345,30256],{"class":247},[39,32347,629],{"class":243},[39,32349,3513],{"class":53},[20,32351,32352,32353,94],{},"If you need a regular list, use ",[15,32354,32355],{},"list(my_dict.values())",[30,32357,32359],{"className":32,"code":32358,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"age\": 25}\nvalues_list = list(person.values())\n\nprint(values_list)\n",[15,32360,32361,32397,32416,32420],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32362,32363,32365,32367,32369,32371,32373,32375,32377,32379,32381,32383,32385,32387,32389,32391,32393,32395],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32364,12814],{"class":45},[39,32366,50],{"class":49},[39,32368,10103],{"class":53},[39,32370,244],{"class":243},[39,32372,7285],{"class":247},[39,32374,244],{"class":243},[39,32376,145],{"class":53},[39,32378,255],{"class":243},[39,32380,7538],{"class":247},[39,32382,244],{"class":243},[39,32384,61],{"class":53},[39,32386,255],{"class":243},[39,32388,8911],{"class":247},[39,32390,244],{"class":243},[39,32392,145],{"class":53},[39,32394,8918],{"class":57},[39,32396,8921],{"class":53},[39,32398,32399,32402,32404,32406,32408,32410,32412,32414],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32400,32401],{"class":45},"values_list ",[39,32403,50],{"class":49},[39,32405,22171],{"class":2523},[39,32407,101],{"class":53},[39,32409,16920],{"class":97},[39,32411,94],{"class":53},[39,32413,856],{"class":97},[39,32415,6810],{"class":53},[39,32417,32418],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,32419,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32421,32422,32424,32426,32429],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,32423,113],{"class":112},[39,32425,101],{"class":53},[39,32427,32428],{"class":97},"values_list",[39,32430,80],{"class":53},[20,32432,458],{},[30,32434,32436],{"className":32,"code":32435,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Mia', 25]\n",[15,32437,32438],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32439,32440,32442,32444,32446,32448,32450,32452],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32441,3525],{"class":53},[39,32443,629],{"class":243},[39,32445,7538],{"class":247},[39,32447,629],{"class":243},[39,32449,61],{"class":53},[39,32451,8918],{"class":57},[39,32453,3262],{"class":53},[134,32455,355],{"id":354},[20,32457,32458],{},"Here is a basic example step by step:",[30,32460,32462],{"className":32,"code":32461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"car = {\"brand\": \"Toyota\", \"year\": 2022, \"color\": \"blue\"}\n\nresult = car.values()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,32463,32464,32518,32522,32536,32540,32550],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32465,32466,32468,32470,32472,32474,32476,32478,32480,32482,32484,32486,32488,32490,32492,32494,32496,32499,32501,32503,32506,32508,32510,32512,32514,32516],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32467,24407],{"class":45},[39,32469,50],{"class":49},[39,32471,10103],{"class":53},[39,32473,244],{"class":243},[39,32475,24416],{"class":247},[39,32477,244],{"class":243},[39,32479,145],{"class":53},[39,32481,255],{"class":243},[39,32483,24425],{"class":247},[39,32485,244],{"class":243},[39,32487,61],{"class":53},[39,32489,255],{"class":243},[39,32491,24434],{"class":247},[39,32493,244],{"class":243},[39,32495,145],{"class":53},[39,32497,32498],{"class":57}," 2022",[39,32500,61],{"class":53},[39,32502,255],{"class":243},[39,32504,32505],{"class":247},"color",[39,32507,244],{"class":243},[39,32509,145],{"class":53},[39,32511,255],{"class":243},[39,32513,258],{"class":247},[39,32515,244],{"class":243},[39,32517,8921],{"class":53},[39,32519,32520],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32521,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32523,32524,32526,32528,32530,32532,32534],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,32525,86],{"class":45},[39,32527,50],{"class":49},[39,32529,24456],{"class":45},[39,32531,94],{"class":53},[39,32533,856],{"class":97},[39,32535,8257],{"class":53},[39,32537,32538],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,32539,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32541,32542,32544,32546,32548],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,32543,113],{"class":112},[39,32545,101],{"class":53},[39,32547,118],{"class":97},[39,32549,80],{"class":53},[39,32551,32552,32554,32556,32558,32560,32562],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,32553,113],{"class":112},[39,32555,101],{"class":53},[39,32557,7710],{"class":2523},[39,32559,101],{"class":53},[39,32561,118],{"class":97},[39,32563,1026],{"class":53},[20,32565,458],{},[30,32567,32569],{"className":32,"code":32568,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_values(['Toyota', 2022, 'blue'])\n['Toyota', 2022, 'blue']\n",[15,32570,32571,32597],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32572,32573,32575,32577,32579,32581,32583,32585,32587,32589,32591,32593,32595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32574,16650],{"class":97},[39,32576,2608],{"class":53},[39,32578,629],{"class":243},[39,32580,24425],{"class":247},[39,32582,629],{"class":243},[39,32584,61],{"class":53},[39,32586,32498],{"class":57},[39,32588,61],{"class":53},[39,32590,2920],{"class":243},[39,32592,258],{"class":247},[39,32594,629],{"class":243},[39,32596,3513],{"class":53},[39,32598,32599,32601,32603,32605,32607,32609,32611,32613,32615,32617,32619],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32600,3525],{"class":53},[39,32602,629],{"class":243},[39,32604,24425],{"class":247},[39,32606,629],{"class":243},[39,32608,61],{"class":53},[39,32610,32498],{"class":57},[39,32612,61],{"class":53},[39,32614,2920],{"class":243},[39,32616,258],{"class":247},[39,32618,629],{"class":243},[39,32620,3262],{"class":53},[20,32622,11295],{},[147,32624,32625,32631,32637,32645],{},[150,32626,32627,32630],{},[15,32628,32629],{},"car"," is a dictionary",[150,32632,32633,32636],{},[15,32634,32635],{},"car.values()"," gets all values",[150,32638,32639,32642,32643,24229],{},[15,32640,32641],{},"print(result)"," shows the ",[15,32644,16650],{},[150,32646,32647,32650],{},[15,32648,32649],{},"print(list(result))"," shows the same values as a list",[134,32652,32654],{"id":32653},"looping-through-dictionary-values","Looping through dictionary values",[20,32656,32657,32658,25676],{},"You can loop through dictionary values with a ",[15,32659,5574],{},[30,32661,32663],{"className":32,"code":32662,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = {\"math\": 90, \"english\": 85, \"science\": 88}\n\nfor value in scores.values():\n    print(value)\n",[15,32664,32665,32709,32713,32729],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32666,32667,32669,32671,32673,32675,32677,32679,32681,32683,32685,32687,32689,32691,32693,32695,32697,32699,32701,32703,32705,32707],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32668,675],{"class":45},[39,32670,50],{"class":49},[39,32672,10103],{"class":53},[39,32674,244],{"class":243},[39,32676,18029],{"class":247},[39,32678,244],{"class":243},[39,32680,145],{"class":53},[39,32682,19511],{"class":57},[39,32684,61],{"class":53},[39,32686,255],{"class":243},[39,32688,30766],{"class":247},[39,32690,244],{"class":243},[39,32692,145],{"class":53},[39,32694,13117],{"class":57},[39,32696,61],{"class":53},[39,32698,255],{"class":243},[39,32700,18038],{"class":247},[39,32702,244],{"class":243},[39,32704,145],{"class":53},[39,32706,28532],{"class":57},[39,32708,8921],{"class":53},[39,32710,32711],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32712,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32714,32715,32717,32719,32721,32723,32725,32727],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,32716,5574],{"class":572},[39,32718,21196],{"class":45},[39,32720,1128],{"class":572},[39,32722,714],{"class":45},[39,32724,94],{"class":53},[39,32726,856],{"class":97},[39,32728,21207],{"class":53},[39,32730,32731,32733,32735,32737],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,32732,603],{"class":112},[39,32734,101],{"class":53},[39,32736,155],{"class":97},[39,32738,80],{"class":53},[20,32740,458],{},[30,32742,32744],{"className":32,"code":32743,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"90\n85\n88\n",[15,32745,32746,32751,32756],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32747,32748],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32749,32750],{"class":57},"90\n",[39,32752,32753],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32754,32755],{"class":57},"85\n",[39,32757,32758],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,32759,32760],{"class":57},"88\n",[20,32762,17322],{},[147,32764,32765,32768,32771],{},[150,32766,32767],{},"You only need the values",[150,32769,32770],{},"You do not care about the keys",[150,32772,32773],{},"You want simpler code",[20,32775,32776,32777,177,32781,94],{},"If you want to loop through keys and values together, see ",[173,32778,10350,32779,1533],{"href":16688},[15,32780,16691],{},[173,32782,22087],{"href":32783},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F",[134,32785,32787],{"id":32786},"converting-values-to-a-list","Converting values to a list",[20,32789,128,32790,32792],{},[15,32791,32355],{}," when you need a list.",[30,32794,32796],{"className":32,"code":32795,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruit_prices = {\"apple\": 2, \"banana\": 1, \"orange\": 3}\n\nprice_list = list(fruit_prices.values())\n\nprint(price_list)\nprint(price_list[0])\n",[15,32797,32798,32843,32847,32867,32871,32882],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32799,32800,32803,32805,32807,32809,32811,32813,32815,32817,32819,32821,32823,32825,32827,32829,32831,32833,32835,32837,32839,32841],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32801,32802],{"class":45},"fruit_prices ",[39,32804,50],{"class":49},[39,32806,10103],{"class":53},[39,32808,244],{"class":243},[39,32810,377],{"class":247},[39,32812,244],{"class":243},[39,32814,145],{"class":53},[39,32816,64],{"class":57},[39,32818,61],{"class":53},[39,32820,255],{"class":243},[39,32822,386],{"class":247},[39,32824,244],{"class":243},[39,32826,145],{"class":53},[39,32828,595],{"class":57},[39,32830,61],{"class":53},[39,32832,255],{"class":243},[39,32834,403],{"class":247},[39,32836,244],{"class":243},[39,32838,145],{"class":53},[39,32840,73],{"class":57},[39,32842,8921],{"class":53},[39,32844,32845],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32846,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32848,32849,32852,32854,32856,32858,32861,32863,32865],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,32850,32851],{"class":45},"price_list ",[39,32853,50],{"class":49},[39,32855,22171],{"class":2523},[39,32857,101],{"class":53},[39,32859,32860],{"class":97},"fruit_prices",[39,32862,94],{"class":53},[39,32864,856],{"class":97},[39,32866,6810],{"class":53},[39,32868,32869],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,32870,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,32872,32873,32875,32877,32880],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,32874,113],{"class":112},[39,32876,101],{"class":53},[39,32878,32879],{"class":97},"price_list",[39,32881,80],{"class":53},[39,32883,32884,32886,32888,32890,32892,32894],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,32885,113],{"class":112},[39,32887,101],{"class":53},[39,32889,32879],{"class":97},[39,32891,3525],{"class":53},[39,32893,221],{"class":57},[39,32895,3513],{"class":53},[20,32897,458],{},[30,32899,32901],{"className":32,"code":32900,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 1, 3]\n2\n",[15,32902,32903,32919],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32904,32905,32907,32909,32911,32913,32915,32917],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32906,3525],{"class":53},[39,32908,104],{"class":57},[39,32910,61],{"class":53},[39,32912,595],{"class":57},[39,32914,61],{"class":53},[39,32916,73],{"class":57},[39,32918,3262],{"class":53},[39,32920,32921],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,32922,16669],{"class":57},[20,32924,32925],{},"This is helpful for:",[147,32927,32928,32931,32934],{},[150,32929,32930],{},"Displaying the values as a normal list",[150,32932,32933],{},"Accessing values by index",[150,32935,32936],{},"Passing the values to code that expects a list",[20,32938,3550,32939,32941],{},[15,32940,16650],{}," is not the same as a list.",[134,32943,32945,10198,32947,10198,32949],{"id":32944},"values-vs-keys-vs-items",[15,32946,16684],{},[15,32948,16678],{},[15,32950,16691],{},[20,32952,32953],{},"These three dictionary methods are related, but they return different things:",[147,32955,32956,32961,32966],{},[150,32957,32958,32960],{},[15,32959,16684],{}," returns only the values",[150,32962,32963,32965],{},[15,32964,16678],{}," returns only the keys",[150,32967,32968,32970],{},[15,32969,16691],{}," returns key-value pairs",[20,32972,1749],{},[30,32974,32976],{"className":32,"code":32975,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.keys())\nprint(student.values())\nprint(student.items())\n",[15,32977,32978,33014,33018,33032,33046],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,32979,32980,32982,32984,32986,32988,32990,32992,32994,32996,32998,33000,33002,33004,33006,33008,33010,33012],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,32981,12475],{"class":45},[39,32983,50],{"class":49},[39,32985,10103],{"class":53},[39,32987,244],{"class":243},[39,32989,7285],{"class":247},[39,32991,244],{"class":243},[39,32993,145],{"class":53},[39,32995,255],{"class":243},[39,32997,12492],{"class":247},[39,32999,244],{"class":243},[39,33001,61],{"class":53},[39,33003,255],{"class":243},[39,33005,8911],{"class":247},[39,33007,244],{"class":243},[39,33009,145],{"class":53},[39,33011,687],{"class":57},[39,33013,8921],{"class":53},[39,33015,33016],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33017,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,33019,33020,33022,33024,33026,33028,33030],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,33021,113],{"class":112},[39,33023,101],{"class":53},[39,33025,13236],{"class":97},[39,33027,94],{"class":53},[39,33029,16536],{"class":97},[39,33031,6810],{"class":53},[39,33033,33034,33036,33038,33040,33042,33044],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,33035,113],{"class":112},[39,33037,101],{"class":53},[39,33039,13236],{"class":97},[39,33041,94],{"class":53},[39,33043,856],{"class":97},[39,33045,6810],{"class":53},[39,33047,33048,33050,33052,33054,33056,33058],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,33049,113],{"class":112},[39,33051,101],{"class":53},[39,33053,13236],{"class":97},[39,33055,94],{"class":53},[39,33057,7426],{"class":97},[39,33059,6810],{"class":53},[20,33061,458],{},[30,33063,33065],{"className":32,"code":33064,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dict_keys(['name', 'age'])\ndict_values(['Ana', 20])\ndict_items([('name', 20)])\n",[15,33066,33067,33089,33107],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33068,33069,33071,33073,33075,33077,33079,33081,33083,33085,33087],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33070,16627],{"class":97},[39,33072,2608],{"class":53},[39,33074,629],{"class":243},[39,33076,7285],{"class":247},[39,33078,629],{"class":243},[39,33080,61],{"class":53},[39,33082,2920],{"class":243},[39,33084,8911],{"class":247},[39,33086,629],{"class":243},[39,33088,3513],{"class":53},[39,33090,33091,33093,33095,33097,33099,33101,33103,33105],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33092,16650],{"class":97},[39,33094,2608],{"class":53},[39,33096,629],{"class":243},[39,33098,12492],{"class":247},[39,33100,629],{"class":243},[39,33102,61],{"class":53},[39,33104,687],{"class":57},[39,33106,3513],{"class":53},[39,33108,33109,33111,33113,33115,33117,33119,33121,33123],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,33110,21520],{"class":97},[39,33112,9270],{"class":53},[39,33114,629],{"class":243},[39,33116,7285],{"class":247},[39,33118,629],{"class":243},[39,33120,61],{"class":53},[39,33122,687],{"class":57},[39,33124,10292],{"class":53},[20,33126,18307],{},[147,33128,33129,33136,33143],{},[150,33130,33131,33135],{},[173,33132,33133],{"href":16675},[15,33134,16678],{}," when you need just the keys",[150,33137,33138,33142],{},[173,33139,33140],{"href":16681},[15,33141,16684],{}," when you need just the values",[150,33144,33145,33149],{},[173,33146,33147],{"href":16688},[15,33148,16691],{}," when you need both",[134,33151,4141],{"id":4140},[20,33153,33154,33155,94],{},"Here are some common problems with ",[15,33156,16684],{},[223,33158,29262,33160,33162],{"id":33159},"calling-values-on-the-wrong-type",[15,33161,16684],{}," on the wrong type",[20,33164,33165,33167],{},[15,33166,16684],{}," works on dictionaries only.",[20,33169,16256],{},[30,33171,33173],{"className":32,"code":33172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(my_list.values())\n",[15,33174,33175,33195],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33176,33177,33179,33181,33183,33185,33187,33189,33191,33193],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33178,7924],{"class":45},[39,33180,50],{"class":49},[39,33182,3249],{"class":53},[39,33184,58],{"class":57},[39,33186,61],{"class":53},[39,33188,64],{"class":57},[39,33190,61],{"class":53},[39,33192,73],{"class":57},[39,33194,3262],{"class":53},[39,33196,33197,33199,33201,33203,33205,33207],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33198,113],{"class":112},[39,33200,101],{"class":53},[39,33202,7955],{"class":97},[39,33204,94],{"class":53},[39,33206,856],{"class":97},[39,33208,6810],{"class":53},[20,33210,33211,33212,33214],{},"This causes an error because lists do not have a ",[15,33213,16684],{}," method.",[20,33216,33217],{},"To debug this, check the type:",[30,33219,33221],{"className":32,"code":33220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(my_list))\n",[15,33222,33223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33224,33225,33227,33229,33231,33233,33235],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33226,113],{"class":112},[39,33228,101],{"class":53},[39,33230,2845],{"class":2523},[39,33232,101],{"class":53},[39,33234,7955],{"class":97},[39,33236,1026],{"class":53},[20,33238,33239,33240,33242,33243,94],{},"If you get an ",[15,33241,25283],{},", see ",[173,33244,25291,33245,33247],{"href":25290},[15,33246,25294],{}," errors",[223,33249,4202,33251,33253],{"id":33250},"assuming-values-returns-a-list",[15,33252,16684],{}," returns a list",[20,33255,33256],{},"Beginners often expect this:",[30,33258,33260],{"className":32,"code":33259,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,33261,33262,33298,33312,33316],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33263,33264,33266,33268,33270,33272,33274,33276,33278,33280,33282,33284,33286,33288,33290,33292,33294,33296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33265,12475],{"class":45},[39,33267,50],{"class":49},[39,33269,10103],{"class":53},[39,33271,244],{"class":243},[39,33273,7285],{"class":247},[39,33275,244],{"class":243},[39,33277,145],{"class":53},[39,33279,255],{"class":243},[39,33281,12492],{"class":247},[39,33283,244],{"class":243},[39,33285,61],{"class":53},[39,33287,255],{"class":243},[39,33289,8911],{"class":247},[39,33291,244],{"class":243},[39,33293,145],{"class":53},[39,33295,687],{"class":57},[39,33297,8921],{"class":53},[39,33299,33300,33302,33304,33306,33308,33310],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33301,812],{"class":45},[39,33303,50],{"class":49},[39,33305,12518],{"class":45},[39,33307,94],{"class":53},[39,33309,856],{"class":97},[39,33311,8257],{"class":53},[39,33313,33314],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,33315,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,33317,33318,33320,33322,33324,33326,33328],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,33319,113],{"class":112},[39,33321,101],{"class":53},[39,33323,2845],{"class":2523},[39,33325,101],{"class":53},[39,33327,856],{"class":97},[39,33329,1026],{"class":53},[20,33331,458],{},[30,33333,33335],{"className":32,"code":33334,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'dict_values'>\n",[15,33336,33337],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33338,33339,33341,33343,33345,33347,33349],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33340,2914],{"class":49},[39,33342,2917],{"class":1689},[39,33344,2920],{"class":243},[39,33346,16650],{"class":247},[39,33348,629],{"class":243},[39,33350,2927],{"class":49},[20,33352,4768,33353,33355],{},[15,33354,16650],{},", not a list.",[20,33357,33358],{},"If you need a list:",[30,33360,33362],{"className":32,"code":33361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = list(student.values())\n",[15,33363,33364],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33365,33366,33368,33370,33372,33374,33376,33378,33380],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33367,812],{"class":45},[39,33369,50],{"class":49},[39,33371,22171],{"class":2523},[39,33373,101],{"class":53},[39,33375,13236],{"class":97},[39,33377,94],{"class":53},[39,33379,856],{"class":97},[39,33381,6810],{"class":53},[223,33383,33385,33386],{"id":33384},"trying-to-use-an-index-directly-on-dict_values","Trying to use an index directly on ",[15,33387,16650],{},[20,33389,33390],{},"This may not work the way you expect:",[30,33392,33394],{"className":32,"code":33393,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = student.values()\n\n# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[15,33395,33396,33432,33446,33450],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33397,33398,33400,33402,33404,33406,33408,33410,33412,33414,33416,33418,33420,33422,33424,33426,33428,33430],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33399,12475],{"class":45},[39,33401,50],{"class":49},[39,33403,10103],{"class":53},[39,33405,244],{"class":243},[39,33407,7285],{"class":247},[39,33409,244],{"class":243},[39,33411,145],{"class":53},[39,33413,255],{"class":243},[39,33415,12492],{"class":247},[39,33417,244],{"class":243},[39,33419,61],{"class":53},[39,33421,255],{"class":243},[39,33423,8911],{"class":247},[39,33425,244],{"class":243},[39,33427,145],{"class":53},[39,33429,687],{"class":57},[39,33431,8921],{"class":53},[39,33433,33434,33436,33438,33440,33442,33444],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33435,812],{"class":45},[39,33437,50],{"class":49},[39,33439,12518],{"class":45},[39,33441,94],{"class":53},[39,33443,856],{"class":97},[39,33445,8257],{"class":53},[39,33447,33448],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,33449,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,33451,33452],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,33453,33454],{"class":124},"# print(values[0])  # Avoid this\n",[20,33456,33457],{},"Convert to a list first:",[30,33459,33461],{"className":32,"code":33460,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nvalues = list(student.values())\n\nprint(values[0])\n",[15,33462,33463,33499,33517,33521],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33464,33465,33467,33469,33471,33473,33475,33477,33479,33481,33483,33485,33487,33489,33491,33493,33495,33497],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33466,12475],{"class":45},[39,33468,50],{"class":49},[39,33470,10103],{"class":53},[39,33472,244],{"class":243},[39,33474,7285],{"class":247},[39,33476,244],{"class":243},[39,33478,145],{"class":53},[39,33480,255],{"class":243},[39,33482,12492],{"class":247},[39,33484,244],{"class":243},[39,33486,61],{"class":53},[39,33488,255],{"class":243},[39,33490,8911],{"class":247},[39,33492,244],{"class":243},[39,33494,145],{"class":53},[39,33496,687],{"class":57},[39,33498,8921],{"class":53},[39,33500,33501,33503,33505,33507,33509,33511,33513,33515],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33502,812],{"class":45},[39,33504,50],{"class":49},[39,33506,22171],{"class":2523},[39,33508,101],{"class":53},[39,33510,13236],{"class":97},[39,33512,94],{"class":53},[39,33514,856],{"class":97},[39,33516,6810],{"class":53},[39,33518,33519],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,33520,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,33522,33523,33525,33527,33529,33531,33533],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,33524,113],{"class":112},[39,33526,101],{"class":53},[39,33528,856],{"class":97},[39,33530,3525],{"class":53},[39,33532,221],{"class":57},[39,33534,3513],{"class":53},[223,33536,948,33538,10705,33540],{"id":33537},"using-values-instead-of-values",[15,33539,856],{},[15,33541,16684],{},[20,33543,33544],{},"This is also a common mistake:",[30,33546,33548],{"className":32,"code":33547,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\n\nprint(student.values)\n",[15,33549,33550,33586,33590],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33551,33552,33554,33556,33558,33560,33562,33564,33566,33568,33570,33572,33574,33576,33578,33580,33582,33584],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33553,12475],{"class":45},[39,33555,50],{"class":49},[39,33557,10103],{"class":53},[39,33559,244],{"class":243},[39,33561,7285],{"class":247},[39,33563,244],{"class":243},[39,33565,145],{"class":53},[39,33567,255],{"class":243},[39,33569,12492],{"class":247},[39,33571,244],{"class":243},[39,33573,61],{"class":53},[39,33575,255],{"class":243},[39,33577,8911],{"class":247},[39,33579,244],{"class":243},[39,33581,145],{"class":53},[39,33583,687],{"class":57},[39,33585,8921],{"class":53},[39,33587,33588],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33589,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,33591,33592,33594,33596,33598,33600,33602],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,33593,113],{"class":112},[39,33595,101],{"class":53},[39,33597,13236],{"class":97},[39,33599,94],{"class":53},[39,33601,856],{"class":997},[39,33603,80],{"class":53},[20,33605,33606,33609],{},[15,33607,33608],{},"student.values"," refers to the method itself, not the result.",[20,33611,18307],{},[30,33613,33615],{"className":32,"code":33614,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(student.values())\n",[15,33616,33617],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33618,33619,33621,33623,33625,33627,33629],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33620,113],{"class":112},[39,33622,101],{"class":53},[39,33624,13236],{"class":97},[39,33626,94],{"class":53},[39,33628,856],{"class":97},[39,33630,6810],{"class":53},[223,33632,33634],{"id":33633},"using-parentheses-incorrectly-on-the-dictionary-variable","Using parentheses incorrectly on the dictionary variable",[20,33636,33637],{},"Make sure the method is called on the dictionary:",[30,33639,33641],{"className":32,"code":33640,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(data.values())\n",[15,33642,33643,33675],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33644,33645,33647,33649,33651,33653,33655,33657,33659,33661,33663,33665,33667,33669,33671,33673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33646,8778],{"class":45},[39,33648,50],{"class":49},[39,33650,10103],{"class":53},[39,33652,244],{"class":243},[39,33654,173],{"class":247},[39,33656,244],{"class":243},[39,33658,145],{"class":53},[39,33660,595],{"class":57},[39,33662,61],{"class":53},[39,33664,255],{"class":243},[39,33666,1070],{"class":247},[39,33668,244],{"class":243},[39,33670,145],{"class":53},[39,33672,64],{"class":57},[39,33674,8921],{"class":53},[39,33676,33677,33679,33681,33683,33685,33687],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33678,113],{"class":112},[39,33680,101],{"class":53},[39,33682,8817],{"class":97},[39,33684,94],{"class":53},[39,33686,856],{"class":97},[39,33688,6810],{"class":53},[20,33690,33691],{},"Not like this:",[30,33693,33695],{"className":32,"code":33694,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong examples:\n# data().values()\n# values(data)\n",[15,33696,33697,33702,33707],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33698,33699],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33700,33701],{"class":124},"# Wrong examples:\n",[39,33703,33704],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33705,33706],{"class":124},"# data().values()\n",[39,33708,33709],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,33710,33711],{"class":124},"# values(data)\n",[20,33713,2964],{},[30,33715,33717],{"className":32,"code":33716,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(my_dict))\nprint(my_dict)\nprint(my_dict.values())\nprint(list(my_dict.values()))\n",[15,33718,33719,33733,33743,33757],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33720,33721,33723,33725,33727,33729,33731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33722,113],{"class":112},[39,33724,101],{"class":53},[39,33726,2845],{"class":2523},[39,33728,101],{"class":53},[39,33730,11062],{"class":97},[39,33732,1026],{"class":53},[39,33734,33735,33737,33739,33741],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33736,113],{"class":112},[39,33738,101],{"class":53},[39,33740,11062],{"class":97},[39,33742,80],{"class":53},[39,33744,33745,33747,33749,33751,33753,33755],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,33746,113],{"class":112},[39,33748,101],{"class":53},[39,33750,11062],{"class":97},[39,33752,94],{"class":53},[39,33754,856],{"class":97},[39,33756,6810],{"class":53},[39,33758,33759,33761,33763,33765,33767,33769,33771,33773],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,33760,113],{"class":112},[39,33762,101],{"class":53},[39,33764,7710],{"class":2523},[39,33766,101],{"class":53},[39,33768,11062],{"class":97},[39,33770,94],{"class":53},[39,33772,856],{"class":97},[39,33774,5905],{"class":53},[134,33776,1454],{"id":1453},[223,33778,1458,33780,1461],{"id":33779},"what-does-dictvalues-return-in-python",[15,33781,31934],{},[20,33783,17035,33784,33786],{},[15,33785,16650],{}," view object containing the dictionary's values.",[223,33788,1468,33790,23543],{"id":33789},"does-values-return-a-list",[15,33791,16684],{},[20,33793,23546,33794,23550],{},[15,33795,33796],{},"list(...)",[223,33798,25668,33800,929],{"id":33799},"can-i-loop-through-dictvalues",[15,33801,31934],{},[20,33803,33804,33805,25676],{},"Yes. It is iterable, so you can use it in a ",[15,33806,5574],{},[223,33808,1468,33810,33812],{"id":33809},"does-dictvalues-change-if-the-dictionary-changes",[15,33811,31934],{}," change if the dictionary changes?",[20,33814,33815],{},"Yes. The returned view reflects updates to the dictionary.",[223,33817,33819,33820,33822,33823,929],{"id":33818},"how-is-values-different-from-items","How is ",[15,33821,16684],{}," different from ",[15,33824,16691],{},[20,33826,33827,33829,33830,33832],{},[15,33828,16684],{}," returns only values. ",[15,33831,16691],{}," returns key-value pairs.",[134,33834,1514],{"id":1513},[147,33836,33837,33843,33849,33853,33859,33863],{},[150,33838,33839],{},[173,33840,10350,33841,1533],{"href":16675},[15,33842,16678],{},[150,33844,33845],{},[173,33846,10350,33847,1533],{"href":16688},[15,33848,16691],{},[150,33850,33851],{},[173,33852,10856],{"href":9003},[150,33854,33855],{},[173,33856,33858],{"href":33857},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-all-values-from-a-dictionary-in-python\u002F","How to get all values from a dictionary in Python",[150,33860,33861],{},[173,33862,23628],{"href":32783},[150,33864,33865],{},[173,33866,29960,33867],{"href":25290},[15,33868,33869],{},"AttributeError: object has no attribute",[1550,33871,33872],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":33874},[33875,33876,33878,33879,33881,33882,33883,33884,33886,33897,33909],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":32104,"depth":83,"text":33877},"What values() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":32174,"depth":83,"text":33880},"What values() returns",{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":32653,"depth":83,"text":32654},{"id":32786,"depth":83,"text":32787},{"id":32944,"depth":83,"text":33885},"values() vs keys() vs items()",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":33887},[33888,33890,33892,33894,33896],{"id":33159,"depth":109,"text":33889},"Calling values() on the wrong type",{"id":33250,"depth":109,"text":33891},"Assuming values() returns a list",{"id":33384,"depth":109,"text":33893},"Trying to use an index directly on dict_values",{"id":33537,"depth":109,"text":33895},"Using values instead of values()",{"id":33633,"depth":109,"text":33634},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":33898},[33899,33901,33903,33905,33907],{"id":33779,"depth":109,"text":33900},"What does dict.values() return in Python?",{"id":33789,"depth":109,"text":33902},"Does values() return a list?",{"id":33799,"depth":109,"text":33904},"Can I loop through dict.values()?",{"id":33809,"depth":109,"text":33906},"Does dict.values() change if the dictionary changes?",{"id":33818,"depth":109,"text":33908},"How is values() different from items()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dictionary values method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":31921,"description":33910},"reference\u002Fpython-dictionary-values-method","C7FI1a366YPc1nISHwbHD3SBOEKiby2QGVuyezuVqKU",{"id":33916,"title":33917,"body":33918,"description":35348,"extension":1587,"meta":35349,"navigation":420,"path":35350,"seo":35351,"stem":35352,"__hash__":35353},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained.md","Python dir() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":33919,"toc":35300},[33920,33926,33931,33934,33950,33959,33961,33993,33999,34002,34097,34100,34105,34110,34113,34124,34126,34140,34146,34148,34153,34159,34162,34201,34209,34214,34217,34262,34265,34277,34283,34289,34293,34326,34329,34347,34350,34354,34393,34395,34415,34418,34430,34435,34441,34444,34499,34502,34513,34516,34527,34530,34534,34540,34542,34572,34575,34590,34593,34596,34615,34618,34634,34643,34645,34676,34682,34687,34690,34697,34728,34731,34753,34756,34759,34773,34777,34808,34823,34830,34837,34841,34849,34853,34861,34864,34913,34924,34926,34929,34935,34940,34950,34954,34957,34960,34964,34967,34969,34990,34994,35000,35011,35017,35019,35024,35048,35051,35114,35117,35145,35148,35210,35212,35217,35220,35227,35235,35242,35245,35253,35259,35261,35288,35297],[10,33921,3202,33923,3206],{"id":33922},"python-dir-function-explained",[15,33924,33925],{},"dir()",[20,33927,31931,33928,33930],{},[15,33929,33925],{}," function is a simple inspection tool. It helps you see what names are available on an object, module, or in the current scope.",[20,33932,33933],{},"This is especially useful when you are:",[147,33935,33936,33939,33942,33947],{},[150,33937,33938],{},"learning Python",[150,33940,33941],{},"exploring a new object",[150,33943,33944,33945],{},"debugging an ",[15,33946,25283],{},[150,33948,33949],{},"checking what methods exist on a value",[20,33951,33952,33953,33955,33956],{},"In short, ",[15,33954,33925],{}," helps you answer the question: ",[3367,33957,33958],{},"“What can I use here?”",[134,33960,1629],{"id":1628},[30,33962,33964],{"className":32,"code":33963,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(name))\n",[15,33965,33966,33978],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,33967,33968,33970,33972,33974,33976],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,33969,7493],{"class":45},[39,33971,50],{"class":49},[39,33973,255],{"class":243},[39,33975,3470],{"class":247},[39,33977,2983],{"class":243},[39,33979,33980,33982,33984,33987,33989,33991],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,33981,113],{"class":112},[39,33983,101],{"class":53},[39,33985,33986],{"class":112},"dir",[39,33988,101],{"class":53},[39,33990,7285],{"class":97},[39,33992,1026],{"class":53},[20,33994,128,33995,33998],{},[15,33996,33997],{},"dir(object)"," to see the attributes and methods available on that object.",[20,34000,34001],{},"Example output will include names such as:",[30,34003,34005],{"className":32,"code":34004,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__dir__', '__doc__', ..., 'lower', 'split', 'upper']\n",[15,34006,34007],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34008,34009,34011,34013,34016,34018,34020,34022,34025,34027,34029,34031,34034,34036,34038,34040,34043,34045,34047,34049,34052,34054,34056,34058,34061,34063,34065,34069,34071,34073,34075,34077,34079,34081,34084,34086,34088,34090,34093,34095],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34010,3525],{"class":53},[39,34012,629],{"class":243},[39,34014,34015],{"class":247},"__add__",[39,34017,629],{"class":243},[39,34019,61],{"class":53},[39,34021,2920],{"class":243},[39,34023,34024],{"class":247},"__class__",[39,34026,629],{"class":243},[39,34028,61],{"class":53},[39,34030,2920],{"class":243},[39,34032,34033],{"class":247},"__contains__",[39,34035,629],{"class":243},[39,34037,61],{"class":53},[39,34039,2920],{"class":243},[39,34041,34042],{"class":247},"__delattr__",[39,34044,629],{"class":243},[39,34046,61],{"class":53},[39,34048,2920],{"class":243},[39,34050,34051],{"class":247},"__dir__",[39,34053,629],{"class":243},[39,34055,61],{"class":53},[39,34057,2920],{"class":243},[39,34059,34060],{"class":247},"__doc__",[39,34062,629],{"class":243},[39,34064,61],{"class":53},[39,34066,34068],{"class":34067},"s_hVV"," ...",[39,34070,61],{"class":53},[39,34072,2920],{"class":243},[39,34074,8254],{"class":247},[39,34076,629],{"class":243},[39,34078,61],{"class":53},[39,34080,2920],{"class":243},[39,34082,34083],{"class":247},"split",[39,34085,629],{"class":243},[39,34087,61],{"class":53},[39,34089,2920],{"class":243},[39,34091,34092],{"class":247},"upper",[39,34094,629],{"class":243},[39,34096,3262],{"class":53},[20,34098,34099],{},"Notice that the result is a list of strings.",[134,34101,137,34103,140],{"id":34102},"what-dir-does",[15,34104,33925],{},[20,34106,34107,34109],{},[15,34108,33925],{}," shows the names available on an object.",[20,34111,34112],{},"It usually includes:",[147,34114,34115,34118,34121],{},[150,34116,34117],{},"attributes",[150,34119,34120],{},"methods",[150,34122,34123],{},"special Python names",[20,34125,11071],{},[147,34127,34128,34134,34137],{},[150,34129,34130,34131],{},"The result is a ",[3367,34132,34133],{},"list of strings",[150,34135,34136],{},"Each string is the name of something available on that object",[150,34138,34139],{},"It is often used for exploration and debugging",[20,34141,34142,34143,34145],{},"For example, if you want to know what you can do with a string, ",[15,34144,33925],{}," gives you a list of available names.",[134,34147,1781],{"id":1780},[20,34149,34150,34152],{},[15,34151,33925],{}," can be used in two main ways.",[223,34154,34156,34158],{"id":34155},"dir-with-no-argument",[15,34157,33925],{}," with no argument",[20,34160,34161],{},"This shows names in the current scope.",[30,34163,34165],{"className":32,"code":34164,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"x = 10\nname = \"Sam\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34166,34167,34175,34187,34191],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34168,34169,34171,34173],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34170,2647],{"class":45},[39,34172,50],{"class":49},[39,34174,2209],{"class":57},[39,34176,34177,34179,34181,34183,34185],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34178,7493],{"class":45},[39,34180,50],{"class":49},[39,34182,255],{"class":243},[39,34184,7294],{"class":247},[39,34186,2983],{"class":243},[39,34188,34189],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,34190,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,34192,34193,34195,34197,34199],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,34194,113],{"class":112},[39,34196,101],{"class":53},[39,34198,33986],{"class":112},[39,34200,6810],{"class":53},[20,34202,34203,34204,796,34206,34208],{},"This will show names such as ",[15,34205,1798],{},[15,34207,7285],{},", along with other names available in that scope.",[223,34210,34212],{"id":34211},"dirobject",[15,34213,33997],{},[20,34215,34216],{},"This shows names related to a specific object.",[30,34218,34220],{"className":32,"code":34219,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(dir(\"hello\"))\nprint(dir([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,34221,34222,34240],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34223,34224,34226,34228,34230,34232,34234,34236,34238],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34225,113],{"class":112},[39,34227,101],{"class":53},[39,34229,33986],{"class":112},[39,34231,101],{"class":53},[39,34233,244],{"class":243},[39,34235,3470],{"class":247},[39,34237,244],{"class":243},[39,34239,1026],{"class":53},[39,34241,34242,34244,34246,34248,34250,34252,34254,34256,34258,34260],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34243,113],{"class":112},[39,34245,101],{"class":53},[39,34247,33986],{"class":112},[39,34249,2608],{"class":53},[39,34251,58],{"class":57},[39,34253,61],{"class":53},[39,34255,64],{"class":57},[39,34257,61],{"class":53},[39,34259,73],{"class":57},[39,34261,2621],{"class":53},[20,34263,34264],{},"Common objects you might inspect:",[147,34266,34267,34269,34271,34274],{},[150,34268,4926],{},[150,34270,4917],{},[150,34272,34273],{},"modules",[150,34275,34276],{},"custom objects",[134,34278,948,34280,34282],{"id":34279},"using-dir-with-a-value",[15,34281,33925],{}," with a value",[20,34284,34285,34286,34288],{},"A common use of ",[15,34287,33925],{}," is passing in a value to see what methods it has.",[223,34290,34292],{"id":34291},"example-string-methods","Example: string methods",[30,34294,34296],{"className":32,"code":34295,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(dir(text))\n",[15,34297,34298,34311],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34299,34300,34303,34305,34307,34309],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34301,34302],{"class":45},"text ",[39,34304,50],{"class":49},[39,34306,255],{"class":243},[39,34308,3470],{"class":247},[39,34310,2983],{"class":243},[39,34312,34313,34315,34317,34319,34321,34324],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34314,113],{"class":112},[39,34316,101],{"class":53},[39,34318,33986],{"class":112},[39,34320,101],{"class":53},[39,34322,34323],{"class":97},"text",[39,34325,1026],{"class":53},[20,34327,34328],{},"You will see method names like:",[147,34330,34331,34335,34339,34343],{},[150,34332,34333],{},[15,34334,8254],{},[150,34336,34337],{},[15,34338,34092],{},[150,34340,34341],{},[15,34342,34083],{},[150,34344,34345],{},[15,34346,8248],{},[20,34348,34349],{},"This tells you what operations are available for strings.",[223,34351,34353],{"id":34352},"example-list-methods","Example: list methods",[30,34355,34357],{"className":32,"code":34356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(dir(numbers))\n",[15,34358,34359,34379],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34360,34361,34363,34365,34367,34369,34371,34373,34375,34377],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34362,46],{"class":45},[39,34364,50],{"class":49},[39,34366,3249],{"class":53},[39,34368,58],{"class":57},[39,34370,61],{"class":53},[39,34372,64],{"class":57},[39,34374,61],{"class":53},[39,34376,73],{"class":57},[39,34378,3262],{"class":53},[39,34380,34381,34383,34385,34387,34389,34391],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34382,113],{"class":112},[39,34384,101],{"class":53},[39,34386,33986],{"class":112},[39,34388,101],{"class":53},[39,34390,992],{"class":97},[39,34392,1026],{"class":53},[20,34394,34328],{},[147,34396,34397,34401,34405,34410],{},[150,34398,34399],{},[15,34400,13163],{},[150,34402,34403],{},[15,34404,25853],{},[150,34406,34407],{},[15,34408,34409],{},"remove",[150,34411,34412],{},[15,34413,34414],{},"sort",[20,34416,34417],{},"This is a good way to discover what you can do with a list.",[20,34419,34420,34421,34426,34427,34429],{},"If you are not sure what kind of object you have, ",[173,34422,34424],{"href":34423},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained",[15,34425,1926],{}," can help first. Then ",[15,34428,33925],{}," can show what names are available on that object.",[134,34431,948,34433,34158],{"id":34432},"using-dir-with-no-argument",[15,34434,33925],{},[20,34436,34437,34438,34440],{},"When used with no argument, ",[15,34439,33925],{}," shows names currently defined in your local scope.",[20,34442,34443],{},"This is useful when working in the Python shell.",[30,34445,34447],{"className":32,"code":34446,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"x = 5\n\ndef greet():\n    return \"Hello\"\n\nprint(dir())\n",[15,34448,34449,34458,34462,34473,34485,34489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34450,34451,34453,34455],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34452,2647],{"class":45},[39,34454,50],{"class":49},[39,34456,34457],{"class":57}," 5\n",[39,34459,34460],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34461,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,34463,34464,34467,34471],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,34465,34466],{"class":1689},"def",[39,34468,34470],{"class":34469},"sGLFI"," greet",[39,34472,21207],{"class":53},[39,34474,34475,34478,34480,34483],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,34476,34477],{"class":572},"    return",[39,34479,255],{"class":243},[39,34481,34482],{"class":247},"Hello",[39,34484,2983],{"class":243},[39,34486,34487],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,34488,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,34490,34491,34493,34495,34497],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,34492,113],{"class":112},[39,34494,101],{"class":53},[39,34496,33986],{"class":112},[39,34498,6810],{"class":53},[20,34500,34501],{},"The output will include names like:",[147,34503,34504,34508],{},[150,34505,34506],{},[15,34507,1798],{},[150,34509,34510],{},[15,34511,34512],{},"greet",[20,34514,34515],{},"This is helpful for checking:",[147,34517,34518,34521,34524],{},[150,34519,34520],{},"what variables exist",[150,34522,34523],{},"what functions you have defined",[150,34525,34526],{},"what names are currently available",[20,34528,34529],{},"It is especially useful while experimenting in the interactive Python shell.",[134,34531,34533],{"id":34532},"how-to-read-the-output","How to read the output",[20,34535,34536,34537,34539],{},"When you first use ",[15,34538,33925],{},", the output can look overwhelming.",[20,34541,515],{},[30,34543,34544],{"className":32,"code":34295,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,34545,34546,34558],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34547,34548,34550,34552,34554,34556],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34549,34302],{"class":45},[39,34551,50],{"class":49},[39,34553,255],{"class":243},[39,34555,3470],{"class":247},[39,34557,2983],{"class":243},[39,34559,34560,34562,34564,34566,34568,34570],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34561,113],{"class":112},[39,34563,101],{"class":53},[39,34565,33986],{"class":112},[39,34567,101],{"class":53},[39,34569,34323],{"class":97},[39,34571,1026],{"class":53},[20,34573,34574],{},"You will probably see many names that start and end with double underscores, such as:",[147,34576,34577,34581,34585],{},[150,34578,34579],{},[15,34580,34024],{},[150,34582,34583],{},[15,34584,34060],{},[150,34586,34587],{},[15,34588,34589],{},"__len__",[20,34591,34592],{},"These are special Python names used by the language itself.",[20,34594,34595],{},"As a beginner, it is usually better to focus first on regular method names such as:",[147,34597,34598,34602,34606,34610],{},[150,34599,34600],{},[15,34601,34092],{},[150,34603,34604],{},[15,34605,8254],{},[150,34607,34608],{},[15,34609,34083],{},[150,34611,34612],{},[15,34613,34614],{},"replace",[20,34616,34617],{},"A key point to remember:",[147,34619,34620,34628],{},[150,34621,34622,34624,34625],{},[15,34623,33925],{}," lists ",[3367,34626,34627],{},"names only",[150,34629,34630,34631,34633],{},"it does ",[3367,34632,4254],{}," explain what each name does",[20,34635,34636,34637,94],{},"If you want an explanation of a method, use ",[173,34638,34640],{"href":34639},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained",[15,34641,34642],{},"help()",[20,34644,5088],{},[30,34646,34648],{"className":32,"code":34647,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"hello\"\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34649,34650,34662],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34651,34652,34654,34656,34658,34660],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34653,7493],{"class":45},[39,34655,50],{"class":49},[39,34657,255],{"class":243},[39,34659,3470],{"class":247},[39,34661,2983],{"class":243},[39,34663,34664,34666,34668,34670,34672,34674],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34665,31766],{"class":112},[39,34667,101],{"class":53},[39,34669,7285],{"class":97},[39,34671,94],{"class":53},[39,34673,34092],{"class":997},[39,34675,80],{"class":53},[134,34677,34679,34681],{"id":34678},"dir-on-modules",[15,34680,33925],{}," on modules",[20,34683,15326,34684,34686],{},[15,34685,33925],{}," on modules after importing them.",[20,34688,34689],{},"This is useful when you want to explore what a module provides.",[223,34691,34693,34694,34696],{"id":34692},"example-math-module","Example: ",[15,34695,18029],{}," module",[30,34698,34700],{"className":32,"code":34699,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import math\n\nprint(dir(math))\n",[15,34701,34702,34710,34714],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34703,34704,34707],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34705,34706],{"class":572},"import",[39,34708,34709],{"class":45}," math\n",[39,34711,34712],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34713,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,34715,34716,34718,34720,34722,34724,34726],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,34717,113],{"class":112},[39,34719,101],{"class":53},[39,34721,33986],{"class":112},[39,34723,101],{"class":53},[39,34725,18029],{"class":97},[39,34727,1026],{"class":53},[20,34729,34730],{},"You may see names like:",[147,34732,34733,34738,34743,34748],{},[150,34734,34735],{},[15,34736,34737],{},"sqrt",[150,34739,34740],{},[15,34741,34742],{},"ceil",[150,34744,34745],{},[15,34746,34747],{},"floor",[150,34749,34750],{},[15,34751,34752],{},"pi",[20,34754,34755],{},"This helps you discover available functions and constants.",[20,34757,34758],{},"If you are exploring modules, these pages may help too:",[147,34760,34761,34767],{},[150,34762,34763],{},[173,34764,34766],{"href":34765},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-modules-explained","Python modules explained",[150,34768,34769],{},[173,34770,34772],{"href":34771},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview","Python math module overview",[223,34774,34776],{"id":34775},"another-example","Another example",[30,34778,34780],{"className":32,"code":34779,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import json\n\nprint(dir(json))\n",[15,34781,34782,34789,34793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34783,34784,34786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34785,34706],{"class":572},[39,34787,34788],{"class":45}," json\n",[39,34790,34791],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34792,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,34794,34795,34797,34799,34801,34803,34806],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,34796,113],{"class":112},[39,34798,101],{"class":53},[39,34800,33986],{"class":112},[39,34802,101],{"class":53},[39,34804,34805],{"class":97},"json",[39,34807,1026],{"class":53},[20,34809,34810,34811,1814,34814,1814,34817,16685,34820,94],{},"This can help you quickly spot useful names such as ",[15,34812,34813],{},"dump",[15,34815,34816],{},"dumps",[15,34818,34819],{},"load",[15,34821,34822],{},"loads",[134,34824,34826,10198,34828],{"id":34825},"dir-vs-help",[15,34827,33925],{},[15,34829,34642],{},[20,34831,34832,796,34834,34836],{},[15,34833,33925],{},[15,34835,34642],{}," are often used together.",[223,34838,34839],{"id":33986},[15,34840,33925],{},[147,34842,34843,34846],{},[150,34844,34845],{},"shows available names",[150,34847,34848],{},"helps you discover methods and attributes",[223,34850,34851],{"id":31766},[15,34852,34642],{},[147,34854,34855,34858],{},[150,34856,34857],{},"explains what an object or function does",[150,34859,34860],{},"shows usage details and documentation",[20,34862,34863],{},"A common beginner workflow looks like this:",[30,34865,34867],{"className":32,"code":34866,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,34868,34869,34881,34885,34899],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,34870,34871,34873,34875,34877,34879],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,34872,7493],{"class":45},[39,34874,50],{"class":49},[39,34876,255],{"class":243},[39,34878,3470],{"class":247},[39,34880,2983],{"class":243},[39,34882,34883],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,34884,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,34886,34887,34889,34891,34893,34895,34897],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,34888,113],{"class":112},[39,34890,101],{"class":53},[39,34892,33986],{"class":112},[39,34894,101],{"class":53},[39,34896,7285],{"class":97},[39,34898,1026],{"class":53},[39,34900,34901,34903,34905,34907,34909,34911],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,34902,31766],{"class":112},[39,34904,101],{"class":53},[39,34906,7285],{"class":97},[39,34908,94],{"class":53},[39,34910,34092],{"class":997},[39,34912,80],{"class":53},[20,34914,128,34915,34917,34918,34920,34921,34923],{},[15,34916,33925],{}," first to find a method name.",[1446,34919],{},"\nThen use ",[15,34922,34642],{}," to understand how to use it.",[134,34925,24969],{"id":24968},[20,34927,34928],{},"Here are a few things that often confuse beginners.",[223,34930,34932,34934],{"id":34931},"dir-returns-names-not-values",[15,34933,33925],{}," returns names, not values",[20,34936,34937,34939],{},[15,34938,33925],{}," does not give you the actual value of an attribute. It only gives you its name.",[20,34941,34942,34943,34945,34946,34949],{},"For example, seeing ",[15,34944,34092],{}," in ",[15,34947,34948],{},"dir(\"hello\")"," does not run the method. It only tells you the method exists.",[223,34951,34953],{"id":34952},"not-every-name-is-for-everyday-use","Not every name is for everyday use",[20,34955,34956],{},"Many names in the output are special Python internals, especially names with double underscores.",[20,34958,34959],{},"Beginners usually do not need most of these right away.",[223,34961,34963],{"id":34962},"output-can-vary","Output can vary",[20,34965,34966],{},"The exact output depends on the object type.",[20,34968,5088],{},[147,34970,34971,34976,34982],{},[150,34972,34973,34975],{},[15,34974,34948],{}," shows string-related names",[150,34977,34978,34981],{},[15,34979,34980],{},"dir([1, 2, 3])"," shows list-related names",[150,34983,34984,34987,34988,34696],{},[15,34985,34986],{},"dir(math)"," shows names from the ",[15,34989,18029],{},[223,34991,34993],{"id":34992},"a-name-existing-does-not-mean-you-know-how-to-call-it","A name existing does not mean you know how to call it",[20,34995,34996,34997,34999],{},"Just because a method appears in ",[15,34998,33925],{}," does not mean you already know:",[147,35001,35002,35005,35008],{},[150,35003,35004],{},"what it does",[150,35006,35007],{},"what arguments it needs",[150,35009,35010],{},"what it returns",[20,35012,35013,35014,35016],{},"That is why ",[15,35015,34642],{}," is the natural next step.",[134,35018,944],{"id":943},[20,35020,646,35021,35023],{},[15,35022,33925],{}," in these situations:",[147,35025,35026,35029,35038,35041],{},[150,35027,35028],{},"Trying to understand what methods are available on a string, list, or dictionary",[150,35030,35031,35032,35037],{},"Seeing an ",[173,35033,35035],{"href":35034},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-object-has-no-attribute-fix",[15,35036,25283],{}," and wanting to check valid attribute names",[150,35039,35040],{},"Exploring a module without knowing its functions",[150,35042,948,35043,35045,35046],{},[15,35044,33925],{}," output without following up with documentation or ",[15,35047,34642],{},[20,35049,35050],{},"A simple debugging workflow is:",[30,35052,35054],{"className":32,"code":35053,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"hello\"\n\nprint(type(name))\nprint(dir(name))\nhelp(name.upper)\n",[15,35055,35056,35068,35072,35086,35100],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35057,35058,35060,35062,35064,35066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35059,7493],{"class":45},[39,35061,50],{"class":49},[39,35063,255],{"class":243},[39,35065,3470],{"class":247},[39,35067,2983],{"class":243},[39,35069,35070],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35071,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,35073,35074,35076,35078,35080,35082,35084],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35075,113],{"class":112},[39,35077,101],{"class":53},[39,35079,2845],{"class":2523},[39,35081,101],{"class":53},[39,35083,7285],{"class":97},[39,35085,1026],{"class":53},[39,35087,35088,35090,35092,35094,35096,35098],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,35089,113],{"class":112},[39,35091,101],{"class":53},[39,35093,33986],{"class":112},[39,35095,101],{"class":53},[39,35097,7285],{"class":97},[39,35099,1026],{"class":53},[39,35101,35102,35104,35106,35108,35110,35112],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,35103,31766],{"class":112},[39,35105,101],{"class":53},[39,35107,7285],{"class":97},[39,35109,94],{"class":53},[39,35111,34092],{"class":997},[39,35113,80],{"class":53},[20,35115,35116],{},"And for modules:",[30,35118,35119],{"className":32,"code":34699,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,35120,35121,35127,35131],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35122,35123,35125],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35124,34706],{"class":572},[39,35126,34709],{"class":45},[39,35128,35129],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35130,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,35132,35133,35135,35137,35139,35141,35143],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35134,113],{"class":112},[39,35136,101],{"class":53},[39,35138,33986],{"class":112},[39,35140,101],{"class":53},[39,35142,18029],{"class":97},[39,35144,1026],{"class":53},[20,35146,35147],{},"You can try the same commands in the Python shell:",[30,35149,35151],{"className":32,"code":35150,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"python\nname = \"hello\"\ndir(name)\nhelp(name.upper)\nimport math\ndir(math)\n",[15,35152,35153,35158,35170,35180,35194,35200],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35154,35155],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35156,35157],{"class":45},"python\n",[39,35159,35160,35162,35164,35166,35168],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35161,7493],{"class":45},[39,35163,50],{"class":49},[39,35165,255],{"class":243},[39,35167,3470],{"class":247},[39,35169,2983],{"class":243},[39,35171,35172,35174,35176,35178],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35173,33986],{"class":112},[39,35175,101],{"class":53},[39,35177,7285],{"class":97},[39,35179,80],{"class":53},[39,35181,35182,35184,35186,35188,35190,35192],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,35183,31766],{"class":112},[39,35185,101],{"class":53},[39,35187,7285],{"class":97},[39,35189,94],{"class":53},[39,35191,34092],{"class":997},[39,35193,80],{"class":53},[39,35195,35196,35198],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,35197,34706],{"class":572},[39,35199,34709],{"class":45},[39,35201,35202,35204,35206,35208],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,35203,33986],{"class":112},[39,35205,101],{"class":53},[39,35207,18029],{"class":97},[39,35209,80],{"class":53},[134,35211,1454],{"id":1453},[223,35213,1458,35215,1461],{"id":35214},"what-does-dir-return-in-python",[15,35216,33925],{},[20,35218,35219],{},"It returns a list of strings containing attribute and method names for an object, or names in the current scope when called with no argument.",[223,35221,1497,35223,796,35225,929],{"id":35222},"what-is-the-difference-between-dir-and-help",[15,35224,33925],{},[15,35226,34642],{},[20,35228,35229,35231,35232,35234],{},[15,35230,33925],{}," lists available names. ",[15,35233,34642],{}," gives documentation and usage details.",[223,35236,35238,35239,35241],{"id":35237},"why-do-i-see-names-with-double-underscores-in-dir-output","Why do I see names with double underscores in ",[15,35240,33925],{}," output?",[20,35243,35244],{},"Those are special Python attributes and methods used internally by the language.",[223,35246,1487,35248,35250,35251,929],{"id":35247},"can-dir-help-fix-attributeerror",[15,35249,33925],{}," help fix ",[15,35252,25283],{},[20,35254,35255,35256,94],{},"Yes. It can show which attribute names actually exist on an object. This makes it useful when debugging an error like ",[173,35257,35258],{"href":35034},"object has no attribute",[134,35260,1514],{"id":1513},[147,35262,35263,35269,35274,35278,35282],{},[150,35264,35265],{},[173,35266,3202,35267,3135],{"href":34639},[15,35268,34642],{},[150,35270,35271],{},[173,35272,35273],{"href":35034},"AttributeError: object has no attribute fix",[150,35275,35276],{},[173,35277,34766],{"href":34765},[150,35279,35280],{},[173,35281,34772],{"href":34771},[150,35283,35284],{},[173,35285,3202,35286,3135],{"href":34423},[15,35287,1926],{},[20,35289,35290,35291,35293,35294,35296],{},"A good habit is to use ",[15,35292,33925],{}," together with ",[15,35295,34642],{}," in the Python shell. It is one of the fastest ways to explore objects and learn Python methods as you go.",[1550,35298,35299],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":35301},[35302,35303,35305,35310,35315,35317,35318,35324,35329,35336,35337,35347],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":34102,"depth":83,"text":35304},"What dir() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":35306},[35307,35309],{"id":34155,"depth":109,"text":35308},"dir() with no argument",{"id":34211,"depth":109,"text":33997},{"id":34279,"depth":83,"text":35311,"children":35312},"Using dir() with a value",[35313,35314],{"id":34291,"depth":109,"text":34292},{"id":34352,"depth":109,"text":34353},{"id":34432,"depth":83,"text":35316},"Using dir() with no argument",{"id":34532,"depth":83,"text":34533},{"id":34678,"depth":83,"text":35319,"children":35320},"dir() on modules",[35321,35323],{"id":34692,"depth":109,"text":35322},"Example: math module",{"id":34775,"depth":109,"text":34776},{"id":34825,"depth":83,"text":35325,"children":35326},"dir() vs help()",[35327,35328],{"id":33986,"depth":109,"text":33925},{"id":31766,"depth":109,"text":34642},{"id":24968,"depth":83,"text":24969,"children":35330},[35331,35333,35334,35335],{"id":34931,"depth":109,"text":35332},"dir() returns names, not values",{"id":34952,"depth":109,"text":34953},{"id":34962,"depth":109,"text":34963},{"id":34992,"depth":109,"text":34993},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":35338},[35339,35341,35343,35345],{"id":35214,"depth":109,"text":35340},"What does dir() return in Python?",{"id":35222,"depth":109,"text":35342},"What is the difference between dir() and help()?",{"id":35237,"depth":109,"text":35344},"Why do I see names with double underscores in dir() output?",{"id":35247,"depth":109,"text":35346},"Can dir() help fix AttributeError?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python dir function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained",{"title":33917,"description":35348},"reference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained","GdcucA4RY69afXDO9saBTHeJ2twMUyCItdFzeLoSsyo",{"id":35355,"title":35356,"body":35357,"description":37172,"extension":1587,"meta":37173,"navigation":420,"path":37174,"seo":37175,"stem":37176,"__hash__":37177},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained.md","Python enumerate() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":35358,"toc":37141},[35359,35365,35370,35373,35381,35387,35389,35468,35470,35496,35501,35506,35511,35514,35525,35528,35530,35609,35611,35637,35644,35646,35648,35673,35676,35689,35694,35696,35776,35778,35804,35813,35818,35826,35832,35839,35842,35844,35922,35925,35982,35984,36021,36027,36032,36037,36040,36054,36056,36159,36161,36204,36213,36223,36230,36236,36243,36326,36328,36351,36354,36357,36359,36363,36367,36370,36433,36456,36459,36463,36469,36471,36538,36541,36618,36623,36629,36632,36635,36680,36682,36706,36711,36715,36720,36726,36789,36792,36794,36797,36821,36824,36959,36961,37062,37064,37069,37072,37078,37088,37096,37101,37107,37113,37115,37138],[10,35360,3202,35362,3206],{"id":35361},"python-enumerate-function-explained",[15,35363,35364],{},"enumerate()",[20,35366,35367,35369],{},[15,35368,35364],{}," is a built-in Python function that helps you loop through items while also keeping track of their position.",[20,35371,35372],{},"It is useful when you need both:",[147,35374,35375,35378],{},[150,35376,35377],{},"the item itself",[150,35379,35380],{},"its index in the loop",[20,35382,35383,35384,35386],{},"Beginners often use a manual counter variable for this, but ",[15,35385,35364],{}," is usually cleaner and easier to read.",[134,35388,1629],{"id":1628},[30,35390,35392],{"className":32,"code":35391,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,35393,35394,35426,35430,35453],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35395,35396,35398,35400,35402,35404,35406,35408,35410,35412,35414,35416,35418,35420,35422,35424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35397,236],{"class":45},[39,35399,50],{"class":49},[39,35401,3249],{"class":53},[39,35403,244],{"class":243},[39,35405,248],{"class":247},[39,35407,244],{"class":243},[39,35409,61],{"class":53},[39,35411,255],{"class":243},[39,35413,275],{"class":247},[39,35415,244],{"class":243},[39,35417,61],{"class":53},[39,35419,255],{"class":243},[39,35421,258],{"class":247},[39,35423,244],{"class":243},[39,35425,3262],{"class":53},[39,35427,35428],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35429,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,35431,35432,35434,35437,35439,35442,35444,35447,35449,35451],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35433,5574],{"class":572},[39,35435,35436],{"class":45}," index",[39,35438,61],{"class":53},[39,35440,35441],{"class":45}," color ",[39,35443,1128],{"class":572},[39,35445,35446],{"class":112}," enumerate",[39,35448,101],{"class":53},[39,35450,288],{"class":97},[39,35452,7958],{"class":53},[39,35454,35455,35457,35459,35461,35463,35466],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,35456,603],{"class":112},[39,35458,101],{"class":53},[39,35460,1431],{"class":97},[39,35462,61],{"class":53},[39,35464,35465],{"class":97}," color",[39,35467,80],{"class":53},[20,35469,458],{},[30,35471,35473],{"className":32,"code":35472,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0 red\n1 green\n2 blue\n",[15,35474,35475,35482,35489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35476,35477,35479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35478,221],{"class":57},[39,35480,35481],{"class":45}," red\n",[39,35483,35484,35486],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35485,58],{"class":57},[39,35487,35488],{"class":45}," green\n",[39,35490,35491,35493],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35492,104],{"class":57},[39,35494,35495],{"class":45}," blue\n",[20,35497,128,35498,35500],{},[15,35499,35364],{}," when you need both the item and its position in a loop.",[134,35502,137,35504,140],{"id":35503},"what-enumerate-does",[15,35505,35364],{},[20,35507,35508,35510],{},[15,35509,35364],{}," lets you loop over an iterable and get both the index and the value at the same time.",[20,35512,35513],{},"It is commonly used with:",[147,35515,35516,35518,35520,35522],{},[150,35517,4917],{},[150,35519,4920],{},[150,35521,4926],{},[150,35523,35524],{},"other iterable objects",[20,35526,35527],{},"This helps you avoid writing and updating your own counter variable.",[20,35529,515],{},[30,35531,35533],{"className":32,"code":35532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor index, name in enumerate(names):\n    print(index, name)\n",[15,35534,35535,35569,35573,35594],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35536,35537,35539,35541,35543,35545,35547,35549,35551,35553,35556,35558,35560,35562,35565,35567],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35538,4618],{"class":45},[39,35540,50],{"class":49},[39,35542,3249],{"class":53},[39,35544,244],{"class":243},[39,35546,12492],{"class":247},[39,35548,244],{"class":243},[39,35550,61],{"class":53},[39,35552,255],{"class":243},[39,35554,35555],{"class":247},"Ben",[39,35557,244],{"class":243},[39,35559,61],{"class":53},[39,35561,255],{"class":243},[39,35563,35564],{"class":247},"Cara",[39,35566,244],{"class":243},[39,35568,3262],{"class":53},[39,35570,35571],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35572,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,35574,35575,35577,35579,35581,35584,35586,35588,35590,35592],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35576,5574],{"class":572},[39,35578,35436],{"class":45},[39,35580,61],{"class":53},[39,35582,35583],{"class":45}," name ",[39,35585,1128],{"class":572},[39,35587,35446],{"class":112},[39,35589,101],{"class":53},[39,35591,4662],{"class":97},[39,35593,7958],{"class":53},[39,35595,35596,35598,35600,35602,35604,35607],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,35597,603],{"class":112},[39,35599,101],{"class":53},[39,35601,1431],{"class":97},[39,35603,61],{"class":53},[39,35605,35606],{"class":97}," name",[39,35608,80],{"class":53},[20,35610,458],{},[30,35612,35614],{"className":32,"code":35613,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0 Ana\n1 Ben\n2 Cara\n",[15,35615,35616,35623,35630],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35617,35618,35620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35619,221],{"class":57},[39,35621,35622],{"class":45}," Ana\n",[39,35624,35625,35627],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35626,58],{"class":57},[39,35628,35629],{"class":45}," Ben\n",[39,35631,35632,35634],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35633,104],{"class":57},[39,35635,35636],{"class":45}," Cara\n",[20,35638,35639,35640,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with loops, see ",[173,35641,35643],{"href":35642},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained\u002F","Python for loops explained",[134,35645,1781],{"id":1780},[20,35647,1784],{},[30,35649,35651],{"className":32,"code":35650,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"enumerate(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,35652,35653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35654,35655,35658,35660,35662,35664,35667,35669,35671],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35656,35657],{"class":112},"enumerate",[39,35659,101],{"class":53},[39,35661,3344],{"class":97},[39,35663,61],{"class":53},[39,35665,35666],{"class":8788}," start",[39,35668,50],{"class":49},[39,35670,221],{"class":57},[39,35672,80],{"class":53},[20,35674,35675],{},"It has two parts:",[147,35677,35678,35683],{},[150,35679,35680,35682],{},[15,35681,3344],{},": the object you want to loop through",[150,35684,35685,35688],{},[15,35686,35687],{},"start",": the number to begin counting from",[20,35690,35691,35692,94],{},"By default, counting starts at ",[15,35693,221],{},[20,35695,515],{},[30,35697,35699],{"className":32,"code":35698,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i, letter in enumerate(letters):\n    print(i, letter)\n",[15,35700,35701,35733,35737,35760],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35702,35703,35705,35707,35709,35711,35713,35715,35717,35719,35721,35723,35725,35727,35729,35731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35704,1053],{"class":45},[39,35706,50],{"class":49},[39,35708,3249],{"class":53},[39,35710,244],{"class":243},[39,35712,173],{"class":247},[39,35714,244],{"class":243},[39,35716,61],{"class":53},[39,35718,255],{"class":243},[39,35720,1070],{"class":247},[39,35722,244],{"class":243},[39,35724,61],{"class":53},[39,35726,255],{"class":243},[39,35728,9352],{"class":247},[39,35730,244],{"class":243},[39,35732,3262],{"class":53},[39,35734,35735],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35736,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,35738,35739,35741,35744,35746,35749,35751,35753,35755,35758],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35740,5574],{"class":572},[39,35742,35743],{"class":45}," i",[39,35745,61],{"class":53},[39,35747,35748],{"class":45}," letter ",[39,35750,1128],{"class":572},[39,35752,35446],{"class":112},[39,35754,101],{"class":53},[39,35756,35757],{"class":97},"letters",[39,35759,7958],{"class":53},[39,35761,35762,35764,35766,35769,35771,35774],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,35763,603],{"class":112},[39,35765,101],{"class":53},[39,35767,35768],{"class":97},"i",[39,35770,61],{"class":53},[39,35772,35773],{"class":97}," letter",[39,35775,80],{"class":53},[20,35777,458],{},[30,35779,35781],{"className":32,"code":35780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0 a\n1 b\n2 c\n",[15,35782,35783,35790,35797],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35784,35785,35787],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35786,221],{"class":57},[39,35788,35789],{"class":45}," a\n",[39,35791,35792,35794],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35793,58],{"class":57},[39,35795,35796],{"class":45}," b\n",[39,35798,35799,35801],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35800,104],{"class":57},[39,35802,35803],{"class":45}," c\n",[20,35805,35806,35807,94],{},"If you want to compare this with another counting tool, see the ",[173,35808,3202,35810,3135],{"href":35809},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained\u002F",[15,35811,35812],{},"range()",[134,35814,137,35816,11317],{"id":35815},"what-enumerate-returns",[15,35817,35364],{},[20,35819,35820,35822,35823,94],{},[15,35821,35364],{}," returns an ",[3367,35824,35825],{},"enumerate object",[20,35827,35828,35829,35831],{},"In most cases, you use it directly in a ",[15,35830,5574],{}," loop. Each step of the loop gives you a pair:",[147,35833,35834],{},[150,35835,35836],{},[15,35837,35838],{},"(index, item)",[20,35840,35841],{},"You usually unpack that pair into two variables.",[20,35843,515],{},[30,35845,35847],{"className":32,"code":35846,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\n\nfor index, fruit in enumerate(fruits):\n    print(index, fruit)\n",[15,35848,35849,35881,35885,35907],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35850,35851,35853,35855,35857,35859,35861,35863,35865,35867,35869,35871,35873,35875,35877,35879],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35852,368],{"class":45},[39,35854,50],{"class":49},[39,35856,3249],{"class":53},[39,35858,244],{"class":243},[39,35860,377],{"class":247},[39,35862,244],{"class":243},[39,35864,61],{"class":53},[39,35866,255],{"class":243},[39,35868,386],{"class":247},[39,35870,244],{"class":243},[39,35872,61],{"class":53},[39,35874,255],{"class":243},[39,35876,403],{"class":247},[39,35878,244],{"class":243},[39,35880,3262],{"class":53},[39,35882,35883],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35884,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,35886,35887,35889,35891,35893,35896,35898,35900,35902,35905],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35888,5574],{"class":572},[39,35890,35436],{"class":45},[39,35892,61],{"class":53},[39,35894,35895],{"class":45}," fruit ",[39,35897,1128],{"class":572},[39,35899,35446],{"class":112},[39,35901,101],{"class":53},[39,35903,35904],{"class":97},"fruits",[39,35906,7958],{"class":53},[39,35908,35909,35911,35913,35915,35917,35920],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,35910,603],{"class":112},[39,35912,101],{"class":53},[39,35914,1431],{"class":97},[39,35916,61],{"class":53},[39,35918,35919],{"class":97}," fruit",[39,35921,80],{"class":53},[20,35923,35924],{},"You can also convert the result to a list if you want to see all the pairs at once:",[30,35926,35928],{"className":32,"code":35927,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = list(enumerate(numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,35929,35930,35950,35954,35972],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35931,35932,35934,35936,35938,35940,35942,35944,35946,35948],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35933,46],{"class":45},[39,35935,50],{"class":49},[39,35937,3249],{"class":53},[39,35939,682],{"class":57},[39,35941,61],{"class":53},[39,35943,687],{"class":57},[39,35945,61],{"class":53},[39,35947,697],{"class":57},[39,35949,3262],{"class":53},[39,35951,35952],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,35953,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,35955,35956,35958,35960,35962,35964,35966,35968,35970],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,35957,86],{"class":45},[39,35959,50],{"class":49},[39,35961,22171],{"class":2523},[39,35963,101],{"class":53},[39,35965,35657],{"class":112},[39,35967,101],{"class":53},[39,35969,992],{"class":97},[39,35971,1026],{"class":53},[39,35973,35974,35976,35978,35980],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,35975,113],{"class":112},[39,35977,101],{"class":53},[39,35979,118],{"class":97},[39,35981,80],{"class":53},[20,35983,458],{},[30,35985,35987],{"className":32,"code":35986,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n",[15,35988,35989],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,35990,35991,35993,35995,35997,35999,36001,36003,36005,36007,36009,36011,36013,36015,36017,36019],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,35992,21352],{"class":53},[39,35994,221],{"class":57},[39,35996,61],{"class":53},[39,35998,692],{"class":57},[39,36000,8846],{"class":53},[39,36002,54],{"class":53},[39,36004,58],{"class":57},[39,36006,61],{"class":53},[39,36008,687],{"class":57},[39,36010,8846],{"class":53},[39,36012,54],{"class":53},[39,36014,104],{"class":57},[39,36016,61],{"class":53},[39,36018,697],{"class":57},[39,36020,8861],{"class":53},[20,36022,36023,36024,36026],{},"This is a good way to understand what ",[15,36025,35364],{}," produces.",[134,36028,4584,36030],{"id":36029},"when-to-use-enumerate",[15,36031,35364],{},[20,36033,128,36034,36036],{},[15,36035,35364],{}," when you need the item number while looping.",[20,36038,36039],{},"Common cases:",[147,36041,36042,36045,36048,36051],{},[150,36043,36044],{},"printing numbered output",[150,36046,36047],{},"building menus",[150,36049,36050],{},"showing positions in a list",[150,36052,36053],{},"looping over both index and value together",[20,36055,515],{},[30,36057,36059],{"className":32,"code":36058,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tasks = [\"Wash dishes\", \"Study Python\", \"Go for a walk\"]\n\nfor number, task in enumerate(tasks, start=1):\n    print(f\"{number}. {task}\")\n",[15,36060,36061,36096,36100,36130],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36062,36063,36065,36067,36069,36071,36074,36076,36078,36080,36083,36085,36087,36089,36092,36094],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36064,29510],{"class":45},[39,36066,50],{"class":49},[39,36068,3249],{"class":53},[39,36070,244],{"class":243},[39,36072,36073],{"class":247},"Wash dishes",[39,36075,244],{"class":243},[39,36077,61],{"class":53},[39,36079,255],{"class":243},[39,36081,36082],{"class":247},"Study Python",[39,36084,244],{"class":243},[39,36086,61],{"class":53},[39,36088,255],{"class":243},[39,36090,36091],{"class":247},"Go for a walk",[39,36093,244],{"class":243},[39,36095,3262],{"class":53},[39,36097,36098],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36099,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,36101,36102,36104,36106,36108,36111,36113,36115,36117,36120,36122,36124,36126,36128],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36103,5574],{"class":572},[39,36105,1822],{"class":45},[39,36107,61],{"class":53},[39,36109,36110],{"class":45}," task ",[39,36112,1128],{"class":572},[39,36114,35446],{"class":112},[39,36116,101],{"class":53},[39,36118,36119],{"class":97},"tasks",[39,36121,61],{"class":53},[39,36123,35666],{"class":8788},[39,36125,50],{"class":49},[39,36127,58],{"class":57},[39,36129,7958],{"class":53},[39,36131,36132,36134,36136,36138,36140,36142,36144,36146,36148,36150,36153,36155,36157],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,36133,603],{"class":112},[39,36135,101],{"class":53},[39,36137,21906],{"class":1689},[39,36139,244],{"class":247},[39,36141,8890],{"class":57},[39,36143,1864],{"class":97},[39,36145,21915],{"class":57},[39,36147,27925],{"class":247},[39,36149,8890],{"class":57},[39,36151,36152],{"class":97},"task",[39,36154,21915],{"class":57},[39,36156,244],{"class":247},[39,36158,80],{"class":53},[20,36160,458],{},[30,36162,36164],{"className":32,"code":36163,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1. Wash dishes\n2. Study Python\n3. Go for a walk\n",[15,36165,36166,36178,36190],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36167,36168,36170,36172,36175],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36169,58],{"class":57},[39,36171,94],{"class":53},[39,36173,36174],{"class":997}," Wash",[39,36176,36177],{"class":45}," dishes\n",[39,36179,36180,36182,36184,36187],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36181,104],{"class":57},[39,36183,94],{"class":53},[39,36185,36186],{"class":997}," Study",[39,36188,36189],{"class":45}," Python\n",[39,36191,36192,36194,36196,36199,36201],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36193,479],{"class":57},[39,36195,94],{"class":53},[39,36197,36198],{"class":997}," Go",[39,36200,3502],{"class":572},[39,36202,36203],{"class":45}," a walk\n",[20,36205,36206,36207,36209,36210,94],{},"If you need both the index and the value, ",[15,36208,35364],{}," is usually easier to read than ",[15,36211,36212],{},"range(len(...))",[20,36214,36215,36216,94],{},"If you want more practical examples, see ",[173,36217,36219,36220,36222],{"href":36218},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python\u002F","how to use ",[15,36221,35364],{}," in Python",[134,36224,36226,36227,36229],{"id":36225},"using-the-start-argument","Using the ",[15,36228,35687],{}," argument",[20,36231,36232,36233,36235],{},"You can change where counting begins by passing the ",[15,36234,35687],{}," argument.",[20,36237,36238,36239,10705,36241,145],{},"For example, if you want counting to start at ",[15,36240,58],{},[15,36242,221],{},[30,36244,36246],{"className":32,"code":36245,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor index, color in enumerate(colors, start=1):\n    print(index, color)\n",[15,36247,36248,36280,36284,36312],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36249,36250,36252,36254,36256,36258,36260,36262,36264,36266,36268,36270,36272,36274,36276,36278],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36251,236],{"class":45},[39,36253,50],{"class":49},[39,36255,3249],{"class":53},[39,36257,244],{"class":243},[39,36259,248],{"class":247},[39,36261,244],{"class":243},[39,36263,61],{"class":53},[39,36265,255],{"class":243},[39,36267,275],{"class":247},[39,36269,244],{"class":243},[39,36271,61],{"class":53},[39,36273,255],{"class":243},[39,36275,258],{"class":247},[39,36277,244],{"class":243},[39,36279,3262],{"class":53},[39,36281,36282],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36283,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,36285,36286,36288,36290,36292,36294,36296,36298,36300,36302,36304,36306,36308,36310],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36287,5574],{"class":572},[39,36289,35436],{"class":45},[39,36291,61],{"class":53},[39,36293,35441],{"class":45},[39,36295,1128],{"class":572},[39,36297,35446],{"class":112},[39,36299,101],{"class":53},[39,36301,288],{"class":97},[39,36303,61],{"class":53},[39,36305,35666],{"class":8788},[39,36307,50],{"class":49},[39,36309,58],{"class":57},[39,36311,7958],{"class":53},[39,36313,36314,36316,36318,36320,36322,36324],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,36315,603],{"class":112},[39,36317,101],{"class":53},[39,36319,1431],{"class":97},[39,36321,61],{"class":53},[39,36323,35465],{"class":97},[39,36325,80],{"class":53},[20,36327,458],{},[30,36329,36331],{"className":32,"code":36330,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1 red\n2 green\n3 blue\n",[15,36332,36333,36339,36345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36334,36335,36337],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36336,58],{"class":57},[39,36338,35481],{"class":45},[39,36340,36341,36343],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36342,104],{"class":57},[39,36344,35488],{"class":45},[39,36346,36347,36349],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36348,479],{"class":57},[39,36350,35495],{"class":45},[20,36352,36353],{},"This is especially useful for user-facing output, such as menus or numbered lists.",[20,36355,36356],{},"The original iterable does not change. Only the counting value changes.",[134,36358,24969],{"id":24968},[20,36360,24972,36361,94],{},[15,36362,35364],{},[223,36364,36366],{"id":36365},"the-index-is-not-the-same-as-the-value","The index is not the same as the value",[20,36368,36369],{},"In this loop:",[30,36371,36373],{"className":32,"code":36372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nfor index, value in enumerate(numbers):\n    print(index, value)\n",[15,36374,36375,36395,36399,36419],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36376,36377,36379,36381,36383,36385,36387,36389,36391,36393],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36378,46],{"class":45},[39,36380,50],{"class":49},[39,36382,3249],{"class":53},[39,36384,682],{"class":57},[39,36386,61],{"class":53},[39,36388,687],{"class":57},[39,36390,61],{"class":53},[39,36392,697],{"class":57},[39,36394,3262],{"class":53},[39,36396,36397],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36398,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,36400,36401,36403,36405,36407,36409,36411,36413,36415,36417],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36402,5574],{"class":572},[39,36404,35436],{"class":45},[39,36406,61],{"class":53},[39,36408,21196],{"class":45},[39,36410,1128],{"class":572},[39,36412,35446],{"class":112},[39,36414,101],{"class":53},[39,36416,992],{"class":97},[39,36418,7958],{"class":53},[39,36420,36421,36423,36425,36427,36429,36431],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,36422,603],{"class":112},[39,36424,101],{"class":53},[39,36426,1431],{"class":97},[39,36428,61],{"class":53},[39,36430,8049],{"class":97},[39,36432,80],{"class":53},[147,36434,36435,36445],{},[150,36436,36437,936,36439,1814,36441,1814,36443],{},[15,36438,1431],{},[15,36440,221],{},[15,36442,58],{},[15,36444,104],{},[150,36446,36447,936,36449,1814,36451,1814,36453],{},[15,36448,155],{},[15,36450,682],{},[15,36452,15366],{},[15,36454,36455],{},"30",[20,36457,36458],{},"These are different things.",[223,36460,36462],{"id":36461},"you-must-unpack-into-two-variables","You must unpack into two variables",[20,36464,36465,36466,36468],{},"Each item from ",[15,36467,35364],{}," is a pair.",[20,36470,6304],{},[30,36472,36474],{"className":32,"code":36473,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item)\n",[15,36475,36476,36500,36504,36524],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36477,36478,36480,36482,36484,36486,36488,36490,36492,36494,36496,36498],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36479,7397],{"class":45},[39,36481,50],{"class":49},[39,36483,3249],{"class":53},[39,36485,244],{"class":243},[39,36487,1798],{"class":247},[39,36489,244],{"class":243},[39,36491,61],{"class":53},[39,36493,255],{"class":243},[39,36495,11357],{"class":247},[39,36497,244],{"class":243},[39,36499,3262],{"class":53},[39,36501,36502],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36503,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,36505,36506,36508,36510,36512,36514,36516,36518,36520,36522],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36507,5574],{"class":572},[39,36509,35743],{"class":45},[39,36511,61],{"class":53},[39,36513,5577],{"class":45},[39,36515,1128],{"class":572},[39,36517,35446],{"class":112},[39,36519,101],{"class":53},[39,36521,7426],{"class":97},[39,36523,7958],{"class":53},[39,36525,36526,36528,36530,36532,36534,36536],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,36527,603],{"class":112},[39,36529,101],{"class":53},[39,36531,35768],{"class":97},[39,36533,61],{"class":53},[39,36535,29119],{"class":97},[39,36537,80],{"class":53},[20,36539,36540],{},"But this causes an error:",[30,36542,36544],{"className":32,"code":36543,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"x\", \"y\"]\n\nfor i, item, extra in enumerate(items):\n    print(i, item, extra)\n",[15,36545,36546,36570,36574,36599],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36547,36548,36550,36552,36554,36556,36558,36560,36562,36564,36566,36568],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36549,7397],{"class":45},[39,36551,50],{"class":49},[39,36553,3249],{"class":53},[39,36555,244],{"class":243},[39,36557,1798],{"class":247},[39,36559,244],{"class":243},[39,36561,61],{"class":53},[39,36563,255],{"class":243},[39,36565,11357],{"class":247},[39,36567,244],{"class":243},[39,36569,3262],{"class":53},[39,36571,36572],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36573,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,36575,36576,36578,36580,36582,36584,36586,36589,36591,36593,36595,36597],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36577,5574],{"class":572},[39,36579,35743],{"class":45},[39,36581,61],{"class":53},[39,36583,29119],{"class":45},[39,36585,61],{"class":53},[39,36587,36588],{"class":45}," extra ",[39,36590,1128],{"class":572},[39,36592,35446],{"class":112},[39,36594,101],{"class":53},[39,36596,7426],{"class":97},[39,36598,7958],{"class":53},[39,36600,36601,36603,36605,36607,36609,36611,36613,36616],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,36602,603],{"class":112},[39,36604,101],{"class":53},[39,36606,35768],{"class":97},[39,36608,61],{"class":53},[39,36610,29119],{"class":97},[39,36612,61],{"class":53},[39,36614,36615],{"class":97}," extra",[39,36617,80],{"class":53},[20,36619,28673,36620,36622],{},[15,36621,35364],{}," only gives two values each time: the index and the item.",[223,36624,36626,36628],{"id":36625},"enumerate-only-works-with-iterable-objects",[15,36627,35364],{}," only works with iterable objects",[20,36630,36631],{},"You can use it with things like lists, strings, and tuples.",[20,36633,36634],{},"Example with a string:",[30,36636,36638],{"className":32,"code":36637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for index, char in enumerate(\"cat\"):\n    print(index, char)\n",[15,36639,36640,36665],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36641,36642,36644,36646,36648,36651,36653,36655,36657,36659,36661,36663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36643,5574],{"class":572},[39,36645,35436],{"class":45},[39,36647,61],{"class":53},[39,36649,36650],{"class":45}," char ",[39,36652,1128],{"class":572},[39,36654,35446],{"class":112},[39,36656,101],{"class":53},[39,36658,244],{"class":243},[39,36660,839],{"class":247},[39,36662,244],{"class":243},[39,36664,7958],{"class":53},[39,36666,36667,36669,36671,36673,36675,36678],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36668,603],{"class":112},[39,36670,101],{"class":53},[39,36672,1431],{"class":97},[39,36674,61],{"class":53},[39,36676,36677],{"class":97}," char",[39,36679,80],{"class":53},[20,36681,458],{},[30,36683,36685],{"className":32,"code":36684,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0 c\n1 a\n2 t\n",[15,36686,36687,36693,36699],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36688,36689,36691],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36690,221],{"class":57},[39,36692,35803],{"class":45},[39,36694,36695,36697],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36696,58],{"class":57},[39,36698,35789],{"class":45},[39,36700,36701,36703],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36702,104],{"class":57},[39,36704,36705],{"class":45}," t\n",[20,36707,36708,36709,94],{},"To understand why this works, see ",[173,36710,4758],{"href":5202},[223,36712,36714],{"id":36713},"if-you-only-need-values-a-normal-loop-is-enough","If you only need values, a normal loop is enough",[20,36716,36717,36718,94],{},"You do not always need ",[15,36719,35364],{},[20,36721,36722,36723,36725],{},"If you only need the items, use a normal ",[15,36724,5574],{}," loop:",[30,36727,36729],{"className":32,"code":36728,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nfor color in colors:\n    print(color)\n",[15,36730,36731,36763,36767,36779],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36732,36733,36735,36737,36739,36741,36743,36745,36747,36749,36751,36753,36755,36757,36759,36761],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36734,236],{"class":45},[39,36736,50],{"class":49},[39,36738,3249],{"class":53},[39,36740,244],{"class":243},[39,36742,248],{"class":247},[39,36744,244],{"class":243},[39,36746,61],{"class":53},[39,36748,255],{"class":243},[39,36750,275],{"class":247},[39,36752,244],{"class":243},[39,36754,61],{"class":53},[39,36756,255],{"class":243},[39,36758,258],{"class":247},[39,36760,244],{"class":243},[39,36762,3262],{"class":53},[39,36764,36765],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36766,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,36768,36769,36771,36773,36775,36777],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36770,5574],{"class":572},[39,36772,35441],{"class":45},[39,36774,1128],{"class":572},[39,36776,12733],{"class":45},[39,36778,598],{"class":53},[39,36780,36781,36783,36785,36787],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,36782,603],{"class":112},[39,36784,101],{"class":53},[39,36786,32505],{"class":97},[39,36788,80],{"class":53},[20,36790,36791],{},"That is simpler when the index is not needed.",[134,36793,944],{"id":943},[20,36795,36796],{},"Watch out for these common problems:",[147,36798,36799,36804,36810,36815],{},[150,36800,22712,36801,36803],{},[15,36802,35364],{}," into the wrong number of variables",[150,36805,36806,36807,36809],{},"Forgetting that counting starts at ",[15,36808,221],{}," by default",[150,36811,948,36812,36814],{},[15,36813,35364],{}," when only values are needed",[150,36816,1160,36817,1163,36819],{},[15,36818,35364],{},[15,36820,35812],{},[20,36822,36823],{},"These quick checks can help you understand what is happening:",[30,36825,36827],{"className":32,"code":36826,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(enumerate([10, 20, 30]))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30])))\nprint(list(enumerate([10, 20, 30], start=1)))\nfor i, value in enumerate(['a', 'b']):\n    print(i, value)\n",[15,36828,36829,36851,36878,36912,36945],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36830,36831,36833,36835,36837,36839,36841,36843,36845,36847,36849],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36832,113],{"class":112},[39,36834,101],{"class":53},[39,36836,35657],{"class":112},[39,36838,2608],{"class":53},[39,36840,682],{"class":57},[39,36842,61],{"class":53},[39,36844,687],{"class":57},[39,36846,61],{"class":53},[39,36848,697],{"class":57},[39,36850,2621],{"class":53},[39,36852,36853,36855,36857,36859,36861,36863,36865,36867,36869,36871,36873,36875],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36854,113],{"class":112},[39,36856,101],{"class":53},[39,36858,7710],{"class":2523},[39,36860,101],{"class":53},[39,36862,35657],{"class":112},[39,36864,2608],{"class":53},[39,36866,682],{"class":57},[39,36868,61],{"class":53},[39,36870,687],{"class":57},[39,36872,61],{"class":53},[39,36874,697],{"class":57},[39,36876,36877],{"class":53},"])))\n",[39,36879,36880,36882,36884,36886,36888,36890,36892,36894,36896,36898,36900,36902,36904,36906,36908,36910],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,36881,113],{"class":112},[39,36883,101],{"class":53},[39,36885,7710],{"class":2523},[39,36887,101],{"class":53},[39,36889,35657],{"class":112},[39,36891,2608],{"class":53},[39,36893,682],{"class":57},[39,36895,61],{"class":53},[39,36897,687],{"class":57},[39,36899,61],{"class":53},[39,36901,697],{"class":57},[39,36903,17674],{"class":53},[39,36905,35666],{"class":8788},[39,36907,50],{"class":49},[39,36909,58],{"class":57},[39,36911,2534],{"class":53},[39,36913,36914,36916,36918,36920,36922,36924,36926,36928,36930,36932,36934,36936,36938,36940,36942],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,36915,5574],{"class":572},[39,36917,35743],{"class":45},[39,36919,61],{"class":53},[39,36921,21196],{"class":45},[39,36923,1128],{"class":572},[39,36925,35446],{"class":112},[39,36927,2608],{"class":53},[39,36929,629],{"class":243},[39,36931,173],{"class":247},[39,36933,629],{"class":243},[39,36935,61],{"class":53},[39,36937,2920],{"class":243},[39,36939,1070],{"class":247},[39,36941,629],{"class":243},[39,36943,36944],{"class":53},"]):\n",[39,36946,36947,36949,36951,36953,36955,36957],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,36948,603],{"class":112},[39,36950,101],{"class":53},[39,36952,35768],{"class":97},[39,36954,61],{"class":53},[39,36956,8049],{"class":97},[39,36958,80],{"class":53},[20,36960,16571],{},[30,36962,36964],{"className":32,"code":36963,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cenumerate object at 0x...>\n[(0, 10), (1, 20), (2, 30)]\n[(1, 10), (2, 20), (3, 30)]\n0 a\n1 b\n",[15,36965,36966,36986,37018,37050,37056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,36967,36968,36970,36972,36974,36977,36981,36984],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,36969,2914],{"class":49},[39,36971,35657],{"class":112},[39,36973,24229],{"class":2523},[39,36975,36976],{"class":45}," at ",[39,36978,36980],{"class":36979},"srjyR","0x",[39,36982,36983],{"class":34067},"...",[39,36985,2927],{"class":49},[39,36987,36988,36990,36992,36994,36996,36998,37000,37002,37004,37006,37008,37010,37012,37014,37016],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,36989,21352],{"class":53},[39,36991,221],{"class":57},[39,36993,61],{"class":53},[39,36995,692],{"class":57},[39,36997,8846],{"class":53},[39,36999,54],{"class":53},[39,37001,58],{"class":57},[39,37003,61],{"class":53},[39,37005,687],{"class":57},[39,37007,8846],{"class":53},[39,37009,54],{"class":53},[39,37011,104],{"class":57},[39,37013,61],{"class":53},[39,37015,697],{"class":57},[39,37017,8861],{"class":53},[39,37019,37020,37022,37024,37026,37028,37030,37032,37034,37036,37038,37040,37042,37044,37046,37048],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,37021,21352],{"class":53},[39,37023,58],{"class":57},[39,37025,61],{"class":53},[39,37027,692],{"class":57},[39,37029,8846],{"class":53},[39,37031,54],{"class":53},[39,37033,104],{"class":57},[39,37035,61],{"class":53},[39,37037,687],{"class":57},[39,37039,8846],{"class":53},[39,37041,54],{"class":53},[39,37043,479],{"class":57},[39,37045,61],{"class":53},[39,37047,697],{"class":57},[39,37049,8861],{"class":53},[39,37051,37052,37054],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,37053,221],{"class":57},[39,37055,35789],{"class":45},[39,37057,37058,37060],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,37059,58],{"class":57},[39,37061,35796],{"class":45},[134,37063,1454],{"id":1453},[223,37065,1458,37067,1461],{"id":37066},"what-does-enumerate-return-in-python",[15,37068,35364],{},[20,37070,37071],{},"It returns an enumerate object that produces pairs of index and value.",[223,37073,1468,37075,37077],{"id":37074},"does-enumerate-start-at-0-or-1",[15,37076,35364],{}," start at 0 or 1?",[20,37079,37080,37081,37083,37084,37087],{},"It starts at ",[15,37082,221],{}," by default, but you can change that with ",[15,37085,37086],{},"start=1"," or another number.",[223,37089,21032,37091,10705,37093,929],{"id":37090},"should-i-use-enumerate-instead-of-rangelenlist",[15,37092,35364],{},[15,37094,37095],{},"range(len(list))",[20,37097,36206,37098,37100],{},[15,37099,35364],{}," is usually clearer and easier to read.",[223,37102,1487,37104,37106],{"id":37103},"can-enumerate-be-used-with-strings",[15,37105,35364],{}," be used with strings?",[20,37108,37109,37110,37112],{},"Yes. A string is iterable, so ",[15,37111,35364],{}," can return each character with its index.",[134,37114,1514],{"id":1513},[147,37116,37117,37121,37127,37134],{},[150,37118,37119],{},[173,37120,35643],{"href":35642},[150,37122,37123],{},[173,37124,3202,37125,3135],{"href":35809},[15,37126,35812],{},[150,37128,37129],{},[173,37130,37131,37132,36222],{"href":36218},"How to use ",[15,37133,35364],{},[150,37135,37136],{},[173,37137,4833],{"href":5202},[1550,37139,37140],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":37142},[37143,37144,37146,37147,37149,37151,37153,37160,37161,37171],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":35503,"depth":83,"text":37145},"What enumerate() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":35815,"depth":83,"text":37148},"What enumerate() returns",{"id":36029,"depth":83,"text":37150},"When to use enumerate()",{"id":36225,"depth":83,"text":37152},"Using the start argument",{"id":24968,"depth":83,"text":24969,"children":37154},[37155,37156,37157,37159],{"id":36365,"depth":109,"text":36366},{"id":36461,"depth":109,"text":36462},{"id":36625,"depth":109,"text":37158},"enumerate() only works with iterable objects",{"id":36713,"depth":109,"text":36714},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":37162},[37163,37165,37167,37169],{"id":37066,"depth":109,"text":37164},"What does enumerate() return in Python?",{"id":37074,"depth":109,"text":37166},"Does enumerate() start at 0 or 1?",{"id":37090,"depth":109,"text":37168},"Should I use enumerate() instead of range(len(list))?",{"id":37103,"depth":109,"text":37170},"Can enumerate() be used with strings?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python enumerate function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained",{"title":35356,"description":37172},"reference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained","tP2Z_ots0Xqf_GFLRq6dqpNDnPiE1yGUJYT2Z9er6Qs",{"id":37179,"title":37180,"body":37181,"description":39694,"extension":1587,"meta":39695,"navigation":420,"path":39696,"seo":39697,"stem":39698,"__hash__":39699},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained.md","Python filter() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":37182,"toc":39651},[37183,37189,37194,37197,37205,37219,37221,37312,37320,37325,37330,37332,37348,37350,37429,37431,37448,37454,37458,37460,37481,37485,37488,37500,37504,37507,37510,37527,37530,37606,37608,37625,37630,37632,37640,37643,37658,37660,37749,37751,37796,37799,37803,37806,37885,37887,37909,37912,37919,37924,37927,38029,38031,38056,38059,38066,38072,38077,38080,38091,38197,38199,38220,38228,38235,38241,38260,38265,38268,38287,38289,38374,38376,38405,38408,38413,38418,38421,38432,38434,38523,38525,38545,38551,38657,38659,38679,38682,38766,38768,38788,38795,38797,38801,38807,38810,38867,38870,38873,38934,38943,38946,38949,38977,38980,39040,39042,39059,39063,39066,39144,39146,39166,39169,39244,39248,39251,39253,39262,39267,39269,39320,39328,39340,39345,39406,39408,39425,39429,39492,39494,39519,39527,39529,39535,39541,39548,39556,39562,39565,39572,39582,39588,39594,39597,39614,39620,39622,39648],[10,37184,3202,37186,3206],{"id":37185},"python-filter-function-explained",[15,37187,37188],{},"filter()",[20,37190,37191,37193],{},[15,37192,37188],{}," is used to keep only the items that pass a test.",[20,37195,37196],{},"It takes:",[147,37198,37199,37202],{},[150,37200,37201],{},"a function that checks each item",[150,37203,37204],{},"an iterable such as a list, tuple, or string",[20,37206,37207,37208,37211,37212,37215,37216,37218],{},"The result is ",[3367,37209,37210],{},"not a list"," in Python 3. It returns a ",[15,37213,37214],{},"filter"," object, so beginners often convert it with ",[15,37217,24392],{}," to see the values.",[134,37220,1629],{"id":1628},[30,37222,37224],{"className":32,"code":37223,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\nprint(list(result))  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[15,37225,37226,37259,37295],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37227,37228,37230,37232,37234,37236,37238,37240,37242,37244,37246,37248,37250,37252,37254,37257],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37229,46],{"class":45},[39,37231,50],{"class":49},[39,37233,3249],{"class":53},[39,37235,58],{"class":57},[39,37237,61],{"class":53},[39,37239,64],{"class":57},[39,37241,61],{"class":53},[39,37243,73],{"class":57},[39,37245,61],{"class":53},[39,37247,2080],{"class":57},[39,37249,61],{"class":53},[39,37251,4228],{"class":57},[39,37253,61],{"class":53},[39,37255,37256],{"class":57}," 6",[39,37258,3262],{"class":53},[39,37260,37261,37263,37265,37268,37270,37273,37277,37279,37281,37283,37285,37287,37289,37291,37293],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,37262,86],{"class":45},[39,37264,50],{"class":49},[39,37266,37267],{"class":112}," filter",[39,37269,101],{"class":53},[39,37271,37272],{"class":1689},"lambda",[39,37274,37276],{"class":37275},"sFwrP"," x",[39,37278,145],{"class":53},[39,37280,3505],{"class":97},[39,37282,6018],{"class":49},[39,37284,64],{"class":57},[39,37286,6023],{"class":49},[39,37288,3458],{"class":57},[39,37290,61],{"class":53},[39,37292,91],{"class":97},[39,37294,80],{"class":53},[39,37296,37297,37299,37301,37303,37305,37307,37309],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,37298,113],{"class":112},[39,37300,101],{"class":53},[39,37302,7710],{"class":2523},[39,37304,101],{"class":53},[39,37306,118],{"class":97},[39,37308,303],{"class":53},[39,37310,37311],{"class":124},"  # [2, 4, 6]\n",[20,37313,37314,37316,37317,37319],{},[15,37315,37188],{}," returns a filter object, so beginners often wrap it with ",[15,37318,24392],{}," to see the results.",[134,37321,137,37323,140],{"id":37322},"what-filter-does",[15,37324,37188],{},[20,37326,37327,37329],{},[15,37328,37188],{}," keeps items that pass a test.",[20,37331,1731],{},[147,37333,37334,37337,37343],{},[150,37335,37336],{},"each item is checked one at a time",[150,37338,37339,37340,37342],{},"if the test returns ",[15,37341,939],{},", the item is kept",[150,37344,37339,37345,37347],{},[15,37346,1038],{},", the item is removed",[20,37349,515],{},[30,37351,37353],{"className":32,"code":37352,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x > 3, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37354,37355,37383,37387,37415],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37356,37357,37359,37361,37363,37365,37367,37369,37371,37373,37375,37377,37379,37381],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37358,46],{"class":45},[39,37360,50],{"class":49},[39,37362,3249],{"class":53},[39,37364,58],{"class":57},[39,37366,61],{"class":53},[39,37368,64],{"class":57},[39,37370,61],{"class":53},[39,37372,73],{"class":57},[39,37374,61],{"class":53},[39,37376,2080],{"class":57},[39,37378,61],{"class":53},[39,37380,4228],{"class":57},[39,37382,3262],{"class":53},[39,37384,37385],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,37386,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,37388,37389,37391,37393,37395,37397,37399,37401,37403,37405,37407,37409,37411,37413],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,37390,86],{"class":45},[39,37392,50],{"class":49},[39,37394,37267],{"class":112},[39,37396,101],{"class":53},[39,37398,37272],{"class":1689},[39,37400,37276],{"class":37275},[39,37402,145],{"class":53},[39,37404,3505],{"class":97},[39,37406,3875],{"class":49},[39,37408,73],{"class":57},[39,37410,61],{"class":53},[39,37412,91],{"class":97},[39,37414,80],{"class":53},[39,37416,37417,37419,37421,37423,37425,37427],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,37418,113],{"class":112},[39,37420,101],{"class":53},[39,37422,7710],{"class":2523},[39,37424,101],{"class":53},[39,37426,118],{"class":97},[39,37428,1026],{"class":53},[20,37430,458],{},[30,37432,37434],{"className":32,"code":37433,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[4, 5]\n",[15,37435,37436],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37437,37438,37440,37442,37444,37446],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37439,3525],{"class":53},[39,37441,1333],{"class":57},[39,37443,61],{"class":53},[39,37445,4228],{"class":57},[39,37447,3262],{"class":53},[20,37449,37450,37451,37453],{},"Here, only numbers greater than ",[15,37452,479],{}," are kept.",[134,37455,37457],{"id":37456},"syntax-and-arguments","Syntax and arguments",[20,37459,1784],{},[30,37461,37463],{"className":32,"code":37462,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filter(function, iterable)\n",[15,37464,37465],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37466,37467,37469,37471,37474,37476,37479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37468,37214],{"class":112},[39,37470,101],{"class":53},[39,37472,37473],{"class":97},"function",[39,37475,61],{"class":53},[39,37477,37478],{"class":97}," iterable",[39,37480,80],{"class":53},[223,37482,37483],{"id":37473},[15,37484,37473],{},[20,37486,37487],{},"This is the test function.",[147,37489,37490,37493],{},[150,37491,37492],{},"It receives one item at a time",[150,37494,37495,37496,177,37498],{},"It should return ",[15,37497,939],{},[15,37499,1038],{},[223,37501,37502],{"id":3344},[15,37503,3344],{},[20,37505,37506],{},"This is the group of values to check.",[20,37508,37509],{},"It can be:",[147,37511,37512,37515,37518,37521,37524],{},[150,37513,37514],{},"a list",[150,37516,37517],{},"a tuple",[150,37519,37520],{},"a string",[150,37522,37523],{},"a set",[150,37525,37526],{},"another iterable object",[20,37528,37529],{},"Example with a tuple:",[30,37531,37533],{"className":32,"code":37532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 15, 20, 25)\n\nresult = filter(lambda x: x >= 20, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37534,37535,37560,37564,37592],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37536,37537,37539,37541,37543,37545,37547,37550,37552,37554,37556,37558],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37538,46],{"class":45},[39,37540,50],{"class":49},[39,37542,54],{"class":53},[39,37544,682],{"class":57},[39,37546,61],{"class":53},[39,37548,37549],{"class":57}," 15",[39,37551,61],{"class":53},[39,37553,687],{"class":57},[39,37555,61],{"class":53},[39,37557,8918],{"class":57},[39,37559,80],{"class":53},[39,37561,37562],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,37563,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,37565,37566,37568,37570,37572,37574,37576,37578,37580,37582,37584,37586,37588,37590],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,37567,86],{"class":45},[39,37569,50],{"class":49},[39,37571,37267],{"class":112},[39,37573,101],{"class":53},[39,37575,37272],{"class":1689},[39,37577,37276],{"class":37275},[39,37579,145],{"class":53},[39,37581,3505],{"class":97},[39,37583,4721],{"class":49},[39,37585,687],{"class":57},[39,37587,61],{"class":53},[39,37589,91],{"class":97},[39,37591,80],{"class":53},[39,37593,37594,37596,37598,37600,37602,37604],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,37595,113],{"class":112},[39,37597,101],{"class":53},[39,37599,7710],{"class":2523},[39,37601,101],{"class":53},[39,37603,118],{"class":97},[39,37605,1026],{"class":53},[20,37607,458],{},[30,37609,37611],{"className":32,"code":37610,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[20, 25]\n",[15,37612,37613],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37614,37615,37617,37619,37621,37623],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37616,3525],{"class":53},[39,37618,15366],{"class":57},[39,37620,61],{"class":53},[39,37622,8918],{"class":57},[39,37624,3262],{"class":53},[20,37626,37627,37628,94],{},"If you are new to iterables, see ",[173,37629,4758],{"href":5202},[134,37631,483],{"id":482},[20,37633,37634,37635,21587,37637,94],{},"In Python 3, ",[15,37636,37188],{},[3367,37638,37639],{},"filter object",[20,37641,37642],{},"This is an iterator-like object. You can:",[147,37644,37645,37648,37653],{},[150,37646,37647],{},"loop through it",[150,37649,37650,37651],{},"convert it with ",[15,37652,24392],{},[150,37654,37650,37655],{},[15,37656,37657],{},"tuple()",[20,37659,515],{},[30,37661,37663],{"className":32,"code":37662,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37664,37665,37707,37711,37721,37735],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37666,37667,37669,37671,37673,37675,37677,37679,37681,37683,37685,37687,37689,37691,37693,37695,37697,37699,37701,37703,37705],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37668,86],{"class":45},[39,37670,50],{"class":49},[39,37672,37267],{"class":112},[39,37674,101],{"class":53},[39,37676,37272],{"class":1689},[39,37678,37276],{"class":37275},[39,37680,145],{"class":53},[39,37682,3505],{"class":97},[39,37684,3875],{"class":49},[39,37686,64],{"class":57},[39,37688,61],{"class":53},[39,37690,3249],{"class":53},[39,37692,58],{"class":57},[39,37694,61],{"class":53},[39,37696,64],{"class":57},[39,37698,61],{"class":53},[39,37700,73],{"class":57},[39,37702,61],{"class":53},[39,37704,2080],{"class":57},[39,37706,3513],{"class":53},[39,37708,37709],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,37710,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,37712,37713,37715,37717,37719],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,37714,113],{"class":112},[39,37716,101],{"class":53},[39,37718,118],{"class":97},[39,37720,80],{"class":53},[39,37722,37723,37725,37727,37729,37731,37733],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,37724,113],{"class":112},[39,37726,101],{"class":53},[39,37728,2845],{"class":2523},[39,37730,101],{"class":53},[39,37732,118],{"class":97},[39,37734,1026],{"class":53},[39,37736,37737,37739,37741,37743,37745,37747],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,37738,113],{"class":112},[39,37740,101],{"class":53},[39,37742,7710],{"class":2523},[39,37744,101],{"class":53},[39,37746,118],{"class":97},[39,37748,1026],{"class":53},[20,37750,458],{},[30,37752,37754],{"className":32,"code":37753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cfilter object at ...>\n\u003Cclass 'filter'>\n[3, 4]\n",[15,37755,37756,37770,37784],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37757,37758,37760,37762,37764,37766,37768],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37759,2914],{"class":49},[39,37761,37214],{"class":112},[39,37763,24229],{"class":2523},[39,37765,36976],{"class":45},[39,37767,36983],{"class":34067},[39,37769,2927],{"class":49},[39,37771,37772,37774,37776,37778,37780,37782],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,37773,2914],{"class":49},[39,37775,2917],{"class":1689},[39,37777,2920],{"class":243},[39,37779,37214],{"class":247},[39,37781,629],{"class":243},[39,37783,2927],{"class":49},[39,37785,37786,37788,37790,37792,37794],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,37787,3525],{"class":53},[39,37789,479],{"class":57},[39,37791,61],{"class":53},[39,37793,2080],{"class":57},[39,37795,3262],{"class":53},[20,37797,37798],{},"If you print the filter object directly, you will not see the filtered items.",[223,37800,37802],{"id":37801},"important-a-filter-object-is-consumed-as-you-use-it","Important: a filter object is consumed as you use it",[20,37804,37805],{},"Once you loop through it or convert it to a list, the items are used up.",[30,37807,37809],{"className":32,"code":37808,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37810,37811,37853,37857,37871],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37812,37813,37815,37817,37819,37821,37823,37825,37827,37829,37831,37833,37835,37837,37839,37841,37843,37845,37847,37849,37851],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37814,86],{"class":45},[39,37816,50],{"class":49},[39,37818,37267],{"class":112},[39,37820,101],{"class":53},[39,37822,37272],{"class":1689},[39,37824,37276],{"class":37275},[39,37826,145],{"class":53},[39,37828,3505],{"class":97},[39,37830,3875],{"class":49},[39,37832,64],{"class":57},[39,37834,61],{"class":53},[39,37836,3249],{"class":53},[39,37838,58],{"class":57},[39,37840,61],{"class":53},[39,37842,64],{"class":57},[39,37844,61],{"class":53},[39,37846,73],{"class":57},[39,37848,61],{"class":53},[39,37850,2080],{"class":57},[39,37852,3513],{"class":53},[39,37854,37855],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,37856,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,37858,37859,37861,37863,37865,37867,37869],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,37860,113],{"class":112},[39,37862,101],{"class":53},[39,37864,7710],{"class":2523},[39,37866,101],{"class":53},[39,37868,118],{"class":97},[39,37870,1026],{"class":53},[39,37872,37873,37875,37877,37879,37881,37883],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,37874,113],{"class":112},[39,37876,101],{"class":53},[39,37878,7710],{"class":2523},[39,37880,101],{"class":53},[39,37882,118],{"class":97},[39,37884,1026],{"class":53},[20,37886,458],{},[30,37888,37890],{"className":32,"code":37889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 4]\n[]\n",[15,37891,37892,37904],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37893,37894,37896,37898,37900,37902],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37895,3525],{"class":53},[39,37897,479],{"class":57},[39,37899,61],{"class":53},[39,37901,2080],{"class":57},[39,37903,3262],{"class":53},[39,37905,37906],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,37907,37908],{"class":53},"[]\n",[20,37910,37911],{},"The second result is empty because the filter object was already consumed.",[134,37913,948,37915,1163,37917],{"id":37914},"using-filter-with-lambda",[15,37916,37188],{},[15,37918,37272],{},[20,37920,14800,37921,37923],{},[15,37922,37272],{}," is a short anonymous function.",[20,37925,37926],{},"It is useful for simple filtering rules that fit on one line.",[30,37928,37930],{"className":32,"code":37929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\", \"fig\"]\n\nresult = filter(lambda word: len(word) > 4, words)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,37931,37932,37974,37978,38015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,37933,37934,37936,37938,37940,37942,37944,37946,37948,37950,37953,37955,37957,37959,37961,37963,37965,37967,37970,37972],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,37935,1191],{"class":45},[39,37937,50],{"class":49},[39,37939,3249],{"class":53},[39,37941,244],{"class":243},[39,37943,377],{"class":247},[39,37945,244],{"class":243},[39,37947,61],{"class":53},[39,37949,255],{"class":243},[39,37951,37952],{"class":247},"kiwi",[39,37954,244],{"class":243},[39,37956,61],{"class":53},[39,37958,255],{"class":243},[39,37960,386],{"class":247},[39,37962,244],{"class":243},[39,37964,61],{"class":53},[39,37966,255],{"class":243},[39,37968,37969],{"class":247},"fig",[39,37971,244],{"class":243},[39,37973,3262],{"class":53},[39,37975,37976],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,37977,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,37979,37980,37982,37984,37986,37988,37990,37993,37995,37998,38000,38003,38005,38007,38009,38011,38013],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,37981,86],{"class":45},[39,37983,50],{"class":49},[39,37985,37267],{"class":112},[39,37987,101],{"class":53},[39,37989,37272],{"class":1689},[39,37991,37992],{"class":37275}," word",[39,37994,145],{"class":53},[39,37996,37997],{"class":112}," len",[39,37999,101],{"class":53},[39,38001,38002],{"class":97},"word",[39,38004,121],{"class":53},[39,38006,592],{"class":49},[39,38008,2080],{"class":57},[39,38010,61],{"class":53},[39,38012,5783],{"class":97},[39,38014,80],{"class":53},[39,38016,38017,38019,38021,38023,38025,38027],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,38018,113],{"class":112},[39,38020,101],{"class":53},[39,38022,7710],{"class":2523},[39,38024,101],{"class":53},[39,38026,118],{"class":97},[39,38028,1026],{"class":53},[20,38030,458],{},[30,38032,38034],{"className":32,"code":38033,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,38035,38036],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38037,38038,38040,38042,38044,38046,38048,38050,38052,38054],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38039,3525],{"class":53},[39,38041,629],{"class":243},[39,38043,377],{"class":247},[39,38045,629],{"class":243},[39,38047,61],{"class":53},[39,38049,2920],{"class":243},[39,38051,386],{"class":247},[39,38053,629],{"class":243},[39,38055,3262],{"class":53},[20,38057,38058],{},"This keeps only words with more than 4 characters.",[20,38060,38061,38062,94],{},"If you want to learn this syntax more clearly, see ",[173,38063,38065],{"href":38064},"\u002Flearn\u002Flambda-functions-in-python-explained\u002F","lambda functions in Python explained",[134,38067,948,38069,38071],{"id":38068},"using-filter-with-a-named-function",[15,38070,37188],{}," with a named function",[20,38073,38074,38075,94],{},"A named function is often easier to read than a complex ",[15,38076,37272],{},[20,38078,38079],{},"This is especially helpful when:",[147,38081,38082,38085,38088],{},[150,38083,38084],{},"the logic needs a clear name",[150,38086,38087],{},"the rule is more than a very short check",[150,38089,38090],{},"you want beginner-friendly code",[30,38092,38094],{"className":32,"code":38093,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def is_even(number):\n    return number % 2 == 0\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nresult = filter(is_even, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38095,38096,38109,38124,38128,38160,38179,38183],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38097,38098,38100,38103,38105,38107],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38099,34466],{"class":1689},[39,38101,38102],{"class":34469}," is_even",[39,38104,101],{"class":53},[39,38106,1864],{"class":37275},[39,38108,7958],{"class":53},[39,38110,38111,38113,38115,38117,38119,38121],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,38112,34477],{"class":572},[39,38114,6002],{"class":45},[39,38116,6018],{"class":49},[39,38118,64],{"class":57},[39,38120,6023],{"class":49},[39,38122,38123],{"class":57}," 0\n",[39,38125,38126],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,38127,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,38129,38130,38132,38134,38136,38138,38140,38142,38144,38146,38148,38150,38152,38154,38156,38158],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,38131,46],{"class":45},[39,38133,50],{"class":49},[39,38135,3249],{"class":53},[39,38137,58],{"class":57},[39,38139,61],{"class":53},[39,38141,64],{"class":57},[39,38143,61],{"class":53},[39,38145,73],{"class":57},[39,38147,61],{"class":53},[39,38149,2080],{"class":57},[39,38151,61],{"class":53},[39,38153,4228],{"class":57},[39,38155,61],{"class":53},[39,38157,37256],{"class":57},[39,38159,3262],{"class":53},[39,38161,38162,38164,38166,38168,38170,38173,38175,38177],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,38163,86],{"class":45},[39,38165,50],{"class":49},[39,38167,37267],{"class":112},[39,38169,101],{"class":53},[39,38171,38172],{"class":97},"is_even",[39,38174,61],{"class":53},[39,38176,91],{"class":97},[39,38178,80],{"class":53},[39,38180,38181],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,38182,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,38184,38185,38187,38189,38191,38193,38195],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,38186,113],{"class":112},[39,38188,101],{"class":53},[39,38190,7710],{"class":2523},[39,38192,101],{"class":53},[39,38194,118],{"class":97},[39,38196,1026],{"class":53},[20,38198,458],{},[30,38200,38202],{"className":32,"code":38201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 4, 6]\n",[15,38203,38204],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38205,38206,38208,38210,38212,38214,38216,38218],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38207,3525],{"class":53},[39,38209,104],{"class":57},[39,38211,61],{"class":53},[39,38213,2080],{"class":57},[39,38215,61],{"class":53},[39,38217,37256],{"class":57},[39,38219,3262],{"class":53},[20,38221,20383,38222,476,38225,38227],{},[15,38223,38224],{},"is_even()",[15,38226,939],{}," for even numbers, so those numbers are kept.",[134,38229,948,38231,1163,38233],{"id":38230},"using-none-with-filter",[15,38232,3403],{},[15,38234,37188],{},[20,38236,38237,38238,38240],{},"You can pass ",[15,38239,3403],{}," as the first argument:",[30,38242,38244],{"className":32,"code":38243,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filter(None, iterable)\n",[15,38245,38246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38247,38248,38250,38252,38254,38256,38258],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38249,37214],{"class":112},[39,38251,101],{"class":53},[39,38253,3403],{"class":3477},[39,38255,61],{"class":53},[39,38257,37478],{"class":97},[39,38259,80],{"class":53},[20,38261,38262,38263,6956],{},"In this case, Python removes ",[3367,38264,5212],{},[20,38266,38267],{},"Falsy values include:",[147,38269,38270,38274,38279,38283],{},[150,38271,38272],{},[15,38273,221],{},[150,38275,38276,38278],{},[15,38277,3398],{}," (empty string)",[150,38280,38281],{},[15,38282,3403],{},[150,38284,38285],{},[15,38286,1038],{},[20,38288,515],{},[30,38290,38292],{"className":32,"code":38291,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [0, 1, \"\", \"hello\", None, True, False, 5]\n\nresult = filter(None, items)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38293,38294,38338,38342,38360],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38295,38296,38298,38300,38302,38304,38306,38308,38310,38312,38314,38316,38318,38320,38322,38324,38326,38328,38330,38332,38334,38336],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38297,7397],{"class":45},[39,38299,50],{"class":49},[39,38301,3249],{"class":53},[39,38303,221],{"class":57},[39,38305,61],{"class":53},[39,38307,595],{"class":57},[39,38309,61],{"class":53},[39,38311,5741],{"class":243},[39,38313,61],{"class":53},[39,38315,255],{"class":243},[39,38317,3470],{"class":247},[39,38319,244],{"class":243},[39,38321,61],{"class":53},[39,38323,3478],{"class":3477},[39,38325,61],{"class":53},[39,38327,3541],{"class":3477},[39,38329,61],{"class":53},[39,38331,3532],{"class":3477},[39,38333,61],{"class":53},[39,38335,4228],{"class":57},[39,38337,3262],{"class":53},[39,38339,38340],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,38341,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,38343,38344,38346,38348,38350,38352,38354,38356,38358],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,38345,86],{"class":45},[39,38347,50],{"class":49},[39,38349,37267],{"class":112},[39,38351,101],{"class":53},[39,38353,3403],{"class":3477},[39,38355,61],{"class":53},[39,38357,5582],{"class":97},[39,38359,80],{"class":53},[39,38361,38362,38364,38366,38368,38370,38372],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,38363,113],{"class":112},[39,38365,101],{"class":53},[39,38367,7710],{"class":2523},[39,38369,101],{"class":53},[39,38371,118],{"class":97},[39,38373,1026],{"class":53},[20,38375,458],{},[30,38377,38379],{"className":32,"code":38378,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 'hello', True, 5]\n",[15,38380,38381],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38382,38383,38385,38387,38389,38391,38393,38395,38397,38399,38401,38403],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38384,3525],{"class":53},[39,38386,58],{"class":57},[39,38388,61],{"class":53},[39,38390,2920],{"class":243},[39,38392,3470],{"class":247},[39,38394,629],{"class":243},[39,38396,61],{"class":53},[39,38398,3541],{"class":3477},[39,38400,61],{"class":53},[39,38402,4228],{"class":57},[39,38404,3262],{"class":53},[20,38406,38407],{},"This is useful when you want to remove empty or false-like values from data.",[134,38409,4584,38411],{"id":38410},"when-to-use-filter",[15,38412,37188],{},[20,38414,128,38415,38417],{},[15,38416,37188],{}," when you want to keep only matching items.",[20,38419,38420],{},"It works well for:",[147,38422,38423,38426,38429],{},[150,38424,38425],{},"simple filtering rules",[150,38427,38428],{},"quick data cleaning",[150,38430,38431],{},"cases where a function already exists for the test",[20,38433,515],{},[30,38435,38437],{"className":32,"code":38436,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, numbers)\n\nprint(list(evens))\n",[15,38438,38439,38471,38504,38508],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38440,38441,38443,38445,38447,38449,38451,38453,38455,38457,38459,38461,38463,38465,38467,38469],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38442,46],{"class":45},[39,38444,50],{"class":49},[39,38446,3249],{"class":53},[39,38448,58],{"class":57},[39,38450,61],{"class":53},[39,38452,64],{"class":57},[39,38454,61],{"class":53},[39,38456,73],{"class":57},[39,38458,61],{"class":53},[39,38460,2080],{"class":57},[39,38462,61],{"class":53},[39,38464,4228],{"class":57},[39,38466,61],{"class":53},[39,38468,37256],{"class":57},[39,38470,3262],{"class":53},[39,38472,38473,38476,38478,38480,38482,38484,38486,38488,38490,38492,38494,38496,38498,38500,38502],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,38474,38475],{"class":45},"evens ",[39,38477,50],{"class":49},[39,38479,37267],{"class":112},[39,38481,101],{"class":53},[39,38483,37272],{"class":1689},[39,38485,37276],{"class":37275},[39,38487,145],{"class":53},[39,38489,3505],{"class":97},[39,38491,6018],{"class":49},[39,38493,64],{"class":57},[39,38495,6023],{"class":49},[39,38497,3458],{"class":57},[39,38499,61],{"class":53},[39,38501,91],{"class":97},[39,38503,80],{"class":53},[39,38505,38506],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,38507,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,38509,38510,38512,38514,38516,38518,38521],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,38511,113],{"class":112},[39,38513,101],{"class":53},[39,38515,7710],{"class":2523},[39,38517,101],{"class":53},[39,38519,38520],{"class":97},"evens",[39,38522,1026],{"class":53},[20,38524,458],{},[30,38526,38527],{"className":32,"code":38201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,38528,38529],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38530,38531,38533,38535,38537,38539,38541,38543],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38532,3525],{"class":53},[39,38534,104],{"class":57},[39,38536,61],{"class":53},[39,38538,2080],{"class":57},[39,38540,61],{"class":53},[39,38542,37256],{"class":57},[39,38544,3262],{"class":53},[20,38546,38547,38548,38550],{},"For beginners, though, a ",[15,38549,5574],{}," loop may be easier to understand.",[30,38552,38554],{"className":32,"code":38553,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = []\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    if number % 2 == 0:\n        evens.append(number)\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38555,38556,38588,38596,38600,38612,38628,38643,38647],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38557,38558,38560,38562,38564,38566,38568,38570,38572,38574,38576,38578,38580,38582,38584,38586],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38559,46],{"class":45},[39,38561,50],{"class":49},[39,38563,3249],{"class":53},[39,38565,58],{"class":57},[39,38567,61],{"class":53},[39,38569,64],{"class":57},[39,38571,61],{"class":53},[39,38573,73],{"class":57},[39,38575,61],{"class":53},[39,38577,2080],{"class":57},[39,38579,61],{"class":53},[39,38581,4228],{"class":57},[39,38583,61],{"class":53},[39,38585,37256],{"class":57},[39,38587,3262],{"class":53},[39,38589,38590,38592,38594],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,38591,38475],{"class":45},[39,38593,50],{"class":49},[39,38595,7455],{"class":53},[39,38597,38598],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,38599,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,38601,38602,38604,38606,38608,38610],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,38603,5574],{"class":572},[39,38605,6002],{"class":45},[39,38607,1128],{"class":572},[39,38609,91],{"class":45},[39,38611,598],{"class":53},[39,38613,38614,38616,38618,38620,38622,38624,38626],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,38615,6013],{"class":572},[39,38617,6002],{"class":45},[39,38619,6018],{"class":49},[39,38621,64],{"class":57},[39,38623,6023],{"class":49},[39,38625,3458],{"class":57},[39,38627,598],{"class":53},[39,38629,38630,38633,38635,38637,38639,38641],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,38631,38632],{"class":45},"        evens",[39,38634,94],{"class":53},[39,38636,13163],{"class":97},[39,38638,101],{"class":53},[39,38640,1864],{"class":97},[39,38642,80],{"class":53},[39,38644,38645],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,38646,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,38648,38649,38651,38653,38655],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,38650,113],{"class":112},[39,38652,101],{"class":53},[39,38654,38520],{"class":97},[39,38656,80],{"class":53},[20,38658,458],{},[30,38660,38661],{"className":32,"code":38201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,38662,38663],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38664,38665,38667,38669,38671,38673,38675,38677],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38666,3525],{"class":53},[39,38668,104],{"class":57},[39,38670,61],{"class":53},[39,38672,2080],{"class":57},[39,38674,61],{"class":53},[39,38676,37256],{"class":57},[39,38678,3262],{"class":53},[20,38680,38681],{},"A list comprehension is also a common alternative:",[30,38683,38685],{"className":32,"code":38684,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]\nevens = [number for number in numbers if number % 2 == 0]\n\nprint(evens)\n",[15,38686,38687,38719,38752,38756],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38688,38689,38691,38693,38695,38697,38699,38701,38703,38705,38707,38709,38711,38713,38715,38717],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38690,46],{"class":45},[39,38692,50],{"class":49},[39,38694,3249],{"class":53},[39,38696,58],{"class":57},[39,38698,61],{"class":53},[39,38700,64],{"class":57},[39,38702,61],{"class":53},[39,38704,73],{"class":57},[39,38706,61],{"class":53},[39,38708,2080],{"class":57},[39,38710,61],{"class":53},[39,38712,4228],{"class":57},[39,38714,61],{"class":53},[39,38716,37256],{"class":57},[39,38718,3262],{"class":53},[39,38720,38721,38723,38725,38727,38729,38731,38733,38735,38738,38740,38742,38744,38746,38748,38750],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,38722,38475],{"class":45},[39,38724,50],{"class":49},[39,38726,3249],{"class":53},[39,38728,1842],{"class":45},[39,38730,5574],{"class":572},[39,38732,6002],{"class":45},[39,38734,1128],{"class":572},[39,38736,38737],{"class":45}," numbers ",[39,38739,511],{"class":572},[39,38741,6002],{"class":45},[39,38743,6018],{"class":49},[39,38745,64],{"class":57},[39,38747,6023],{"class":49},[39,38749,3458],{"class":57},[39,38751,3262],{"class":53},[39,38753,38754],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,38755,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,38757,38758,38760,38762,38764],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,38759,113],{"class":112},[39,38761,101],{"class":53},[39,38763,38520],{"class":97},[39,38765,80],{"class":53},[20,38767,458],{},[30,38769,38770],{"className":32,"code":38201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,38771,38772],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38773,38774,38776,38778,38780,38782,38784,38786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38775,3525],{"class":53},[39,38777,104],{"class":57},[39,38779,61],{"class":53},[39,38781,2080],{"class":57},[39,38783,61],{"class":53},[39,38785,37256],{"class":57},[39,38787,3262],{"class":53},[20,38789,38790,38791,94],{},"If you want another common filtering style, see ",[173,38792,38794],{"href":38793},"\u002Flearn\u002Flist-comprehensions-in-python-explained\u002F","list comprehensions in Python explained",[134,38796,944],{"id":943},[20,38798,14344,38799,94],{},[15,38800,37188],{},[223,38802,1030,38804,38806],{"id":38803},"expecting-filter-to-return-a-list",[15,38805,37188],{}," to return a list",[20,38808,38809],{},"This is the most common mistake.",[30,38811,38813],{"className":32,"code":38812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,38814,38815,38857],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38816,38817,38819,38821,38823,38825,38827,38829,38831,38833,38835,38837,38839,38841,38843,38845,38847,38849,38851,38853,38855],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38818,86],{"class":45},[39,38820,50],{"class":49},[39,38822,37267],{"class":112},[39,38824,101],{"class":53},[39,38826,37272],{"class":1689},[39,38828,37276],{"class":37275},[39,38830,145],{"class":53},[39,38832,3505],{"class":97},[39,38834,3875],{"class":49},[39,38836,64],{"class":57},[39,38838,61],{"class":53},[39,38840,3249],{"class":53},[39,38842,58],{"class":57},[39,38844,61],{"class":53},[39,38846,64],{"class":57},[39,38848,61],{"class":53},[39,38850,73],{"class":57},[39,38852,61],{"class":53},[39,38854,2080],{"class":57},[39,38856,3513],{"class":53},[39,38858,38859,38861,38863,38865],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,38860,113],{"class":112},[39,38862,101],{"class":53},[39,38864,118],{"class":97},[39,38866,80],{"class":53},[20,38868,38869],{},"This prints a filter object, not the values.",[20,38871,38872],{},"Fix:",[30,38874,38876],{"className":32,"code":38875,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,38877,38878,38920],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38879,38880,38882,38884,38886,38888,38890,38892,38894,38896,38898,38900,38902,38904,38906,38908,38910,38912,38914,38916,38918],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38881,86],{"class":45},[39,38883,50],{"class":49},[39,38885,37267],{"class":112},[39,38887,101],{"class":53},[39,38889,37272],{"class":1689},[39,38891,37276],{"class":37275},[39,38893,145],{"class":53},[39,38895,3505],{"class":97},[39,38897,3875],{"class":49},[39,38899,64],{"class":57},[39,38901,61],{"class":53},[39,38903,3249],{"class":53},[39,38905,58],{"class":57},[39,38907,61],{"class":53},[39,38909,64],{"class":57},[39,38911,61],{"class":53},[39,38913,73],{"class":57},[39,38915,61],{"class":53},[39,38917,2080],{"class":57},[39,38919,3513],{"class":53},[39,38921,38922,38924,38926,38928,38930,38932],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,38923,113],{"class":112},[39,38925,101],{"class":53},[39,38927,7710],{"class":2523},[39,38929,101],{"class":53},[39,38931,118],{"class":97},[39,38933,1026],{"class":53},[223,38935,38937,38938,177,38940,38942],{"id":38936},"using-a-test-function-that-does-not-return-true-or-false-clearly","Using a test function that does not return ",[15,38939,939],{},[15,38941,1038],{}," clearly",[20,38944,38945],{},"Your function should make it obvious whether an item should stay.",[20,38947,38948],{},"Good example:",[30,38950,38952],{"className":32,"code":38951,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def is_positive(number):\n    return number > 0\n",[15,38953,38954,38967],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38955,38956,38958,38961,38963,38965],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38957,34466],{"class":1689},[39,38959,38960],{"class":34469}," is_positive",[39,38962,101],{"class":53},[39,38964,1864],{"class":37275},[39,38966,7958],{"class":53},[39,38968,38969,38971,38973,38975],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,38970,34477],{"class":572},[39,38972,6002],{"class":45},[39,38974,3875],{"class":49},[39,38976,38123],{"class":57},[20,38978,38979],{},"Then use it with:",[30,38981,38983],{"className":32,"code":38982,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [-2, -1, 0, 1, 2]\nprint(list(filter(is_positive, numbers)))\n",[15,38984,38985,39017],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,38986,38987,38989,38991,38993,38995,38997,38999,39001,39003,39005,39007,39009,39011,39013,39015],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,38988,46],{"class":45},[39,38990,50],{"class":49},[39,38992,3249],{"class":53},[39,38994,1648],{"class":49},[39,38996,104],{"class":57},[39,38998,61],{"class":53},[39,39000,1847],{"class":49},[39,39002,58],{"class":57},[39,39004,61],{"class":53},[39,39006,3458],{"class":57},[39,39008,61],{"class":53},[39,39010,595],{"class":57},[39,39012,61],{"class":53},[39,39014,64],{"class":57},[39,39016,3262],{"class":53},[39,39018,39019,39021,39023,39025,39027,39029,39031,39034,39036,39038],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39020,113],{"class":112},[39,39022,101],{"class":53},[39,39024,7710],{"class":2523},[39,39026,101],{"class":53},[39,39028,37214],{"class":112},[39,39030,101],{"class":53},[39,39032,39033],{"class":97},"is_positive",[39,39035,61],{"class":53},[39,39037,91],{"class":97},[39,39039,2534],{"class":53},[20,39041,458],{},[30,39043,39045],{"className":32,"code":39044,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2]\n",[15,39046,39047],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39048,39049,39051,39053,39055,39057],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39050,3525],{"class":53},[39,39052,58],{"class":57},[39,39054,61],{"class":53},[39,39056,64],{"class":57},[39,39058,3262],{"class":53},[223,39060,39062],{"id":39061},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-filter-object-after-it-has-been-consumed","Trying to reuse the same filter object after it has been consumed",[20,39064,39065],{},"A filter object is not stored like a list.",[30,39067,39068],{"className":32,"code":37808,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,39069,39070,39112,39116,39130],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39071,39072,39074,39076,39078,39080,39082,39084,39086,39088,39090,39092,39094,39096,39098,39100,39102,39104,39106,39108,39110],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39073,86],{"class":45},[39,39075,50],{"class":49},[39,39077,37267],{"class":112},[39,39079,101],{"class":53},[39,39081,37272],{"class":1689},[39,39083,37276],{"class":37275},[39,39085,145],{"class":53},[39,39087,3505],{"class":97},[39,39089,3875],{"class":49},[39,39091,64],{"class":57},[39,39093,61],{"class":53},[39,39095,3249],{"class":53},[39,39097,58],{"class":57},[39,39099,61],{"class":53},[39,39101,64],{"class":57},[39,39103,61],{"class":53},[39,39105,73],{"class":57},[39,39107,61],{"class":53},[39,39109,2080],{"class":57},[39,39111,3513],{"class":53},[39,39113,39114],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39115,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,39117,39118,39120,39122,39124,39126,39128],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,39119,113],{"class":112},[39,39121,101],{"class":53},[39,39123,7710],{"class":2523},[39,39125,101],{"class":53},[39,39127,118],{"class":97},[39,39129,1026],{"class":53},[39,39131,39132,39134,39136,39138,39140,39142],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,39133,113],{"class":112},[39,39135,101],{"class":53},[39,39137,7710],{"class":2523},[39,39139,101],{"class":53},[39,39141,118],{"class":97},[39,39143,1026],{"class":53},[20,39145,458],{},[30,39147,39148],{"className":32,"code":37889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,39149,39150,39162],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39151,39152,39154,39156,39158,39160],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39153,3525],{"class":53},[39,39155,479],{"class":57},[39,39157,61],{"class":53},[39,39159,2080],{"class":57},[39,39161,3262],{"class":53},[39,39163,39164],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39165,37908],{"class":53},[20,39167,39168],{},"If you need to use the values again, convert once and save them:",[30,39170,39172],{"className":32,"code":39171,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4]))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,39173,39174,39220,39224,39234],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39175,39176,39178,39180,39182,39184,39186,39188,39190,39192,39194,39196,39198,39200,39202,39204,39206,39208,39210,39212,39214,39216,39218],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39177,86],{"class":45},[39,39179,50],{"class":49},[39,39181,22171],{"class":2523},[39,39183,101],{"class":53},[39,39185,37214],{"class":112},[39,39187,101],{"class":53},[39,39189,37272],{"class":1689},[39,39191,37276],{"class":37275},[39,39193,145],{"class":53},[39,39195,3505],{"class":97},[39,39197,3875],{"class":49},[39,39199,64],{"class":57},[39,39201,61],{"class":53},[39,39203,3249],{"class":53},[39,39205,58],{"class":57},[39,39207,61],{"class":53},[39,39209,64],{"class":57},[39,39211,61],{"class":53},[39,39213,73],{"class":57},[39,39215,61],{"class":53},[39,39217,2080],{"class":57},[39,39219,2621],{"class":53},[39,39221,39222],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39223,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,39225,39226,39228,39230,39232],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,39227,113],{"class":112},[39,39229,101],{"class":53},[39,39231,118],{"class":97},[39,39233,80],{"class":53},[39,39235,39236,39238,39240,39242],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,39237,113],{"class":112},[39,39239,101],{"class":53},[39,39241,118],{"class":97},[39,39243,80],{"class":53},[223,39245,39247],{"id":39246},"passing-a-non-iterable-as-the-second-argument","Passing a non-iterable as the second argument",[20,39249,39250],{},"The second argument must be something you can loop over.",[20,39252,16256],{},[30,39254,39256],{"className":32,"code":39255,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# filter(lambda x: x > 2, 10)\n",[15,39257,39258],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39259,39260],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39261,39255],{"class":124},[20,39263,39264,39265,6167],{},"This causes an error because ",[15,39266,682],{},[20,39268,16268],{},[30,39270,39272],{"className":32,"code":39271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, [1, 2, 3, 4])))\n",[15,39273,39274],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39275,39276,39278,39280,39282,39284,39286,39288,39290,39292,39294,39296,39298,39300,39302,39304,39306,39308,39310,39312,39314,39316,39318],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39277,113],{"class":112},[39,39279,101],{"class":53},[39,39281,7710],{"class":2523},[39,39283,101],{"class":53},[39,39285,37214],{"class":112},[39,39287,101],{"class":53},[39,39289,37272],{"class":1689},[39,39291,37276],{"class":37275},[39,39293,145],{"class":53},[39,39295,3505],{"class":97},[39,39297,3875],{"class":49},[39,39299,64],{"class":57},[39,39301,61],{"class":53},[39,39303,3249],{"class":53},[39,39305,58],{"class":57},[39,39307,61],{"class":53},[39,39309,64],{"class":57},[39,39311,61],{"class":53},[39,39313,73],{"class":57},[39,39315,61],{"class":53},[39,39317,2080],{"class":57},[39,39319,36877],{"class":53},[223,39321,1160,39323,1163,39325],{"id":39322},"confusing-filter-with-map",[15,39324,37188],{},[15,39326,39327],{},"map()",[147,39329,39330,39335],{},[150,39331,39332,39334],{},[15,39333,37188],{}," keeps or removes items",[150,39336,39337,39339],{},[15,39338,39327],{}," changes each item into a new value",[20,39341,39342,39343,145],{},"Example of ",[15,39344,37188],{},[30,39346,39348],{"className":32,"code":39347,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(filter(lambda x: x > 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39349,39350,39374],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39351,39352,39354,39356,39358,39360,39362,39364,39366,39368,39370,39372],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39353,46],{"class":45},[39,39355,50],{"class":49},[39,39357,3249],{"class":53},[39,39359,58],{"class":57},[39,39361,61],{"class":53},[39,39363,64],{"class":57},[39,39365,61],{"class":53},[39,39367,73],{"class":57},[39,39369,61],{"class":53},[39,39371,2080],{"class":57},[39,39373,3262],{"class":53},[39,39375,39376,39378,39380,39382,39384,39386,39388,39390,39392,39394,39396,39398,39400,39402,39404],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39377,113],{"class":112},[39,39379,101],{"class":53},[39,39381,7710],{"class":2523},[39,39383,101],{"class":53},[39,39385,37214],{"class":112},[39,39387,101],{"class":53},[39,39389,37272],{"class":1689},[39,39391,37276],{"class":37275},[39,39393,145],{"class":53},[39,39395,3505],{"class":97},[39,39397,3875],{"class":49},[39,39399,64],{"class":57},[39,39401,61],{"class":53},[39,39403,91],{"class":97},[39,39405,2534],{"class":53},[20,39407,458],{},[30,39409,39411],{"className":32,"code":39410,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 4]\n",[15,39412,39413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39414,39415,39417,39419,39421,39423],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39416,3525],{"class":53},[39,39418,479],{"class":57},[39,39420,61],{"class":53},[39,39422,2080],{"class":57},[39,39424,3262],{"class":53},[20,39426,39342,39427,145],{},[15,39428,39327],{},[30,39430,39432],{"className":32,"code":39431,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(list(map(lambda x: x * 2, numbers)))\n",[15,39433,39434,39458],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39435,39436,39438,39440,39442,39444,39446,39448,39450,39452,39454,39456],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39437,46],{"class":45},[39,39439,50],{"class":49},[39,39441,3249],{"class":53},[39,39443,58],{"class":57},[39,39445,61],{"class":53},[39,39447,64],{"class":57},[39,39449,61],{"class":53},[39,39451,73],{"class":57},[39,39453,61],{"class":53},[39,39455,2080],{"class":57},[39,39457,3262],{"class":53},[39,39459,39460,39462,39464,39466,39468,39471,39473,39475,39477,39479,39481,39484,39486,39488,39490],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39461,113],{"class":112},[39,39463,101],{"class":53},[39,39465,7710],{"class":2523},[39,39467,101],{"class":53},[39,39469,39470],{"class":112},"map",[39,39472,101],{"class":53},[39,39474,37272],{"class":1689},[39,39476,37276],{"class":37275},[39,39478,145],{"class":53},[39,39480,3505],{"class":97},[39,39482,39483],{"class":49},"*",[39,39485,64],{"class":57},[39,39487,61],{"class":53},[39,39489,91],{"class":97},[39,39491,2534],{"class":53},[20,39493,458],{},[30,39495,39497],{"className":32,"code":39496,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 4, 6, 8]\n",[15,39498,39499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39500,39501,39503,39505,39507,39509,39511,39513,39515,39517],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39502,3525],{"class":53},[39,39504,104],{"class":57},[39,39506,61],{"class":53},[39,39508,2080],{"class":57},[39,39510,61],{"class":53},[39,39512,37256],{"class":57},[39,39514,61],{"class":53},[39,39516,5975],{"class":57},[39,39518,3262],{"class":53},[20,39520,39521,39522,94],{},"For the related function, see ",[173,39523,3202,39525,3135],{"href":39524},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained\u002F",[15,39526,39327],{},[134,39528,1454],{"id":1453},[223,39530,1468,39532,39534],{"id":39531},"does-filter-return-a-list-in-python-3",[15,39533,37188],{}," return a list in Python 3?",[20,39536,39537,39538,39540],{},"No. In Python 3, it returns a filter object. Convert it with ",[15,39539,24392],{}," if needed.",[223,39542,39544,39545,39547],{"id":39543},"what-does-the-function-inside-filter-need-to-return","What does the function inside ",[15,39546,37188],{}," need to return?",[20,39549,37495,39550,39552,39553,39555],{},[15,39551,939],{}," to keep an item and ",[15,39554,1038],{}," to remove it.",[223,39557,27940,39559,39561],{"id":39558},"can-i-use-filter-without-lambda",[15,39560,37188],{}," without lambda?",[20,39563,39564],{},"Yes. You can pass a regular named function.",[223,39566,1458,39568,39571],{"id":39567},"what-does-filternone-items-do",[15,39569,39570],{},"filter(None, items)"," do?",[20,39573,39574,39575,39577,39578,16685,39580,94],{},"It removes falsy values such as ",[15,39576,221],{},", empty strings, ",[15,39579,3403],{},[15,39581,1038],{},[223,39583,21032,39585,39587],{"id":39584},"should-i-use-filter-or-a-list-comprehension",[15,39586,37188],{}," or a list comprehension?",[20,39589,39590,39591,39593],{},"Both work. Many beginners find list comprehensions or ",[15,39592,5574],{}," loops easier to read.",[20,39595,39596],{},"If your goal is simple filtering:",[147,39598,39599,39605,39611],{},[150,39600,39601,39602,39604],{},"use ",[15,39603,37188],{}," when you already have a test function or want a functional style",[150,39606,39607,39608,39610],{},"use a ",[15,39609,5574],{}," loop when you want the clearest step-by-step logic",[150,39612,39613],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a short and readable result list",[20,39615,39616,39617,94],{},"For a task-based example, see ",[173,39618,4754],{"href":39619},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-filter-a-list-in-python\u002F",[134,39621,1514],{"id":1513},[147,39623,39624,39629,39633,39638,39644],{},[150,39625,39626],{},[173,39627,39628],{"href":38064},"Lambda functions in Python explained",[150,39630,39631],{},[173,39632,4838],{"href":39619},[150,39634,39635],{},[173,39636,39637],{"href":38793},"List comprehensions in Python explained",[150,39639,39640],{},[173,39641,3202,39642,3135],{"href":39524},[15,39643,39327],{},[150,39645,39646],{},[173,39647,4833],{"href":5202},[1550,39649,39650],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":39652},[39653,39654,39656,39660,39663,39665,39667,39669,39671,39681,39693],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":37322,"depth":83,"text":39655},"What filter() does",{"id":37456,"depth":83,"text":37457,"children":39657},[39658,39659],{"id":37473,"depth":109,"text":37473},{"id":3344,"depth":109,"text":3344},{"id":482,"depth":83,"text":483,"children":39661},[39662],{"id":37801,"depth":109,"text":37802},{"id":37914,"depth":83,"text":39664},"Using filter() with lambda",{"id":38068,"depth":83,"text":39666},"Using filter() with a named function",{"id":38230,"depth":83,"text":39668},"Using None with filter()",{"id":38410,"depth":83,"text":39670},"When to use filter()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":39672},[39673,39675,39677,39678,39679],{"id":38803,"depth":109,"text":39674},"Expecting filter() to return a list",{"id":38936,"depth":109,"text":39676},"Using a test function that does not return True or False clearly",{"id":39061,"depth":109,"text":39062},{"id":39246,"depth":109,"text":39247},{"id":39322,"depth":109,"text":39680},"Confusing filter() with map()",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":39682},[39683,39685,39687,39689,39691],{"id":39531,"depth":109,"text":39684},"Does filter() return a list in Python 3?",{"id":39543,"depth":109,"text":39686},"What does the function inside filter() need to return?",{"id":39558,"depth":109,"text":39688},"Can I use filter() without lambda?",{"id":39567,"depth":109,"text":39690},"What does filter(None, items) do?",{"id":39584,"depth":109,"text":39692},"Should I use filter() or a list comprehension?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python filter function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained",{"title":37180,"description":39694},"reference\u002Fpython-filter-function-explained","J9FdKm1wa-c3gDwJ_QQuBfzCHZa4aHKoE2spSvz7L8I",{"id":39701,"title":39702,"body":39703,"description":41852,"extension":1587,"meta":41853,"navigation":420,"path":41854,"seo":41855,"stem":41856,"__hash__":41857},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained.md","Python float() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":39704,"toc":41806},[39705,39708,39713,39719,39721,39773,39775,39794,39799,39803,39808,39811,39826,39829,39851,39853,39902,39904,39928,39930,39932,39947,39952,39960,39975,39977,39986,39989,40024,40028,40033,40037,40044,40079,40081,40097,40101,40104,40145,40147,40161,40165,40168,40192,40194,40203,40207,40210,40243,40245,40258,40262,40268,40287,40289,40297,40301,40306,40310,40316,40339,40341,40370,40373,40392,40396,40399,40426,40428,40462,40466,40469,40493,40497,40508,40510,40515,40521,40523,40607,40609,40651,40654,40656,40663,40672,40728,40735,40744,40749,40753,40824,40826,40835,40839,40842,40885,40887,40896,40900,40906,40956,40960,40965,40969,40993,40995,41004,41008,41032,41034,41045,41049,41073,41075,41084,41087,41104,41110,41114,41120,41123,41128,41131,41152,41154,41186,41189,41194,41196,41207,41209,41253,41257,41264,41316,41318,41327,41331,41334,41427,41430,41454,41458,41461,41553,41558,41562,41569,41574,41598,41600,41609,41614,41637,41639,41647,41654,41677,41685,41687,41700,41710,41712,41716,41723,41727,41736,41740,41747,41751,41755,41759,41771,41773,41803],[10,39706,39702],{"id":39707},"python-float-function-explained",[20,39709,8735,39710,39712],{},[15,39711,2505],{}," function converts a value into a floating-point number.",[20,39714,39715,39716,39718],{},"This is useful when you need decimal numbers in Python, especially when working with user input, file data, or numeric strings. In this guide, you will learn what ",[15,39717,2505],{}," does, what values it accepts, what errors it can raise, and how to use it safely.",[134,39720,1629],{"id":1628},[30,39722,39724],{"className":32,"code":39723,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(True))\n",[15,39725,39726,39740,39759],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39727,39728,39730,39732,39734,39736,39738],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39729,113],{"class":112},[39,39731,101],{"class":53},[39,39733,1817],{"class":2523},[39,39735,101],{"class":53},[39,39737,1376],{"class":57},[39,39739,1026],{"class":53},[39,39741,39742,39744,39746,39748,39750,39752,39755,39757],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39743,113],{"class":112},[39,39745,101],{"class":53},[39,39747,1817],{"class":2523},[39,39749,101],{"class":53},[39,39751,244],{"class":243},[39,39753,39754],{"class":247},"3.14",[39,39756,244],{"class":243},[39,39758,1026],{"class":53},[39,39760,39761,39763,39765,39767,39769,39771],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,39762,113],{"class":112},[39,39764,101],{"class":53},[39,39766,1817],{"class":2523},[39,39768,101],{"class":53},[39,39770,939],{"class":3477},[39,39772,1026],{"class":53},[20,39774,458],{},[30,39776,39778],{"className":32,"code":39777,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5.0\n3.14\n1.0\n",[15,39779,39780,39784,39789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39781,39782],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39783,2102],{"class":57},[39,39785,39786],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39787,39788],{"class":57},"3.14\n",[39,39790,39791],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,39792,39793],{"class":57},"1.0\n",[20,39795,128,39796,39798],{},[15,39797,2505],{}," to convert compatible values like integers, numeric strings, and booleans into floating-point numbers.",[134,39800,39802],{"id":39801},"what-float-does","What float() does",[20,39804,39805,39807],{},[15,39806,2505],{}," converts a value to a floating-point number.",[20,39809,39810],{},"A floating-point number is a number that can contain a decimal part, such as:",[147,39812,39813,39817,39821],{},[150,39814,39815],{},[15,39816,2114],{},[150,39818,39819],{},[15,39820,39754],{},[150,39822,39823],{},[15,39824,39825],{},"0.5",[20,39827,39828],{},"A few key points:",[147,39830,39831,39838,39841,39844],{},[150,39832,39833,39835,39836],{},[15,39834,2505],{}," returns a value of type ",[15,39837,1817],{},[150,39839,39840],{},"The result is always a floating-point number",[150,39842,39843],{},"It is often used to turn text into a number",[150,39845,39846,39847],{},"It is especially useful with values returned by ",[173,39848,39849],{"href":7835},[15,39850,2580],{},[20,39852,515],{},[30,39854,39856],{"className":32,"code":39855,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = float(\"2.75\")\nprint(number)\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,39857,39858,39878,39888],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39859,39860,39862,39864,39867,39869,39871,39874,39876],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39861,1842],{"class":45},[39,39863,50],{"class":49},[39,39865,39866],{"class":2523}," float",[39,39868,101],{"class":53},[39,39870,244],{"class":243},[39,39872,39873],{"class":247},"2.75",[39,39875,244],{"class":243},[39,39877,80],{"class":53},[39,39879,39880,39882,39884,39886],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39881,113],{"class":112},[39,39883,101],{"class":53},[39,39885,1864],{"class":97},[39,39887,80],{"class":53},[39,39889,39890,39892,39894,39896,39898,39900],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,39891,113],{"class":112},[39,39893,101],{"class":53},[39,39895,2845],{"class":2523},[39,39897,101],{"class":53},[39,39899,1864],{"class":97},[39,39901,1026],{"class":53},[20,39903,458],{},[30,39905,39907],{"className":32,"code":39906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2.75\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,39908,39909,39914],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39910,39911],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39912,39913],{"class":57},"2.75\n",[39,39915,39916,39918,39920,39922,39924,39926],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,39917,2914],{"class":49},[39,39919,2917],{"class":1689},[39,39921,2920],{"class":243},[39,39923,1817],{"class":247},[39,39925,629],{"class":243},[39,39927,2927],{"class":49},[134,39929,1781],{"id":1780},[20,39931,6834],{},[30,39933,39935],{"className":32,"code":39934,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"float(value)\n",[15,39936,39937],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39938,39939,39941,39943,39945],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39940,1817],{"class":2523},[39,39942,101],{"class":53},[39,39944,155],{"class":97},[39,39946,80],{"class":53},[20,39948,39949,39950,94],{},"In most code, you pass one argument to ",[15,39951,2505],{},[20,39953,39954,39955,39957,39958,145],{},"If you call ",[15,39956,2505],{}," with no argument, Python returns ",[15,39959,3393],{},[30,39961,39963],{"className":32,"code":39962,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float())\n",[15,39964,39965],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39966,39967,39969,39971,39973],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39968,113],{"class":112},[39,39970,101],{"class":53},[39,39972,1817],{"class":2523},[39,39974,6810],{"class":53},[20,39976,458],{},[30,39978,39980],{"className":32,"code":39979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0.0\n",[15,39981,39982],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39983,39984],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39985,39979],{"class":57},[20,39987,39988],{},"You can print the result directly or store it in a variable:",[30,39990,39992],{"className":32,"code":39991,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = float(\"19.99\")\nprint(price)\n",[15,39993,39994,40014],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,39995,39996,39999,40001,40003,40005,40007,40010,40012],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,39997,39998],{"class":45},"price ",[39,40000,50],{"class":49},[39,40002,39866],{"class":2523},[39,40004,101],{"class":53},[39,40006,244],{"class":243},[39,40008,40009],{"class":247},"19.99",[39,40011,244],{"class":243},[39,40013,80],{"class":53},[39,40015,40016,40018,40020,40022],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40017,113],{"class":112},[39,40019,101],{"class":53},[39,40021,24761],{"class":97},[39,40023,80],{"class":53},[134,40025,40027],{"id":40026},"values-float-can-convert","Values float() can convert",[20,40029,40030,40032],{},[15,40031,2505],{}," can convert several common value types.",[223,40034,40036],{"id":40035},"integers","Integers",[20,40038,40039,40040,40043],{},"An integer becomes a float with ",[15,40041,40042],{},".0"," added:",[30,40045,40047],{"className":32,"code":40046,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(5))\nprint(float(-2))\n",[15,40048,40049,40063],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40050,40051,40053,40055,40057,40059,40061],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40052,113],{"class":112},[39,40054,101],{"class":53},[39,40056,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40058,101],{"class":53},[39,40060,1376],{"class":57},[39,40062,1026],{"class":53},[39,40064,40065,40067,40069,40071,40073,40075,40077],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40066,113],{"class":112},[39,40068,101],{"class":53},[39,40070,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40072,101],{"class":53},[39,40074,1648],{"class":49},[39,40076,104],{"class":57},[39,40078,1026],{"class":53},[20,40080,458],{},[30,40082,40084],{"className":32,"code":40083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5.0\n-2.0\n",[15,40085,40086,40090],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40087,40088],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40089,2102],{"class":57},[39,40091,40092,40094],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40093,1648],{"class":49},[39,40095,40096],{"class":57},"2.0\n",[223,40098,40100],{"id":40099},"numeric-strings","Numeric strings",[20,40102,40103],{},"Strings containing valid numbers can be converted:",[30,40105,40107],{"className":32,"code":40106,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"3.14\"))\nprint(float(\"10\"))\n",[15,40108,40109,40127],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40110,40111,40113,40115,40117,40119,40121,40123,40125],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40112,113],{"class":112},[39,40114,101],{"class":53},[39,40116,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40118,101],{"class":53},[39,40120,244],{"class":243},[39,40122,39754],{"class":247},[39,40124,244],{"class":243},[39,40126,1026],{"class":53},[39,40128,40129,40131,40133,40135,40137,40139,40141,40143],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40130,113],{"class":112},[39,40132,101],{"class":53},[39,40134,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40136,101],{"class":53},[39,40138,244],{"class":243},[39,40140,682],{"class":247},[39,40142,244],{"class":243},[39,40144,1026],{"class":53},[20,40146,458],{},[30,40148,40150],{"className":32,"code":40149,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.14\n10.0\n",[15,40151,40152,40156],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40153,40154],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40155,39788],{"class":57},[39,40157,40158],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40159,40160],{"class":57},"10.0\n",[223,40162,40164],{"id":40163},"strings-with-spaces","Strings with spaces",[20,40166,40167],{},"Extra spaces around the number are usually fine:",[30,40169,40171],{"className":32,"code":40170,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"  8.5  \"))\n",[15,40172,40173],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40174,40175,40177,40179,40181,40183,40185,40188,40190],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40176,113],{"class":112},[39,40178,101],{"class":53},[39,40180,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40182,101],{"class":53},[39,40184,244],{"class":243},[39,40186,40187],{"class":247},"  8.5  ",[39,40189,244],{"class":243},[39,40191,1026],{"class":53},[20,40193,458],{},[30,40195,40197],{"className":32,"code":40196,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"8.5\n",[15,40198,40199],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40200,40201],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40202,40196],{"class":57},[223,40204,40206],{"id":40205},"booleans","Booleans",[20,40208,40209],{},"Boolean values also work:",[30,40211,40213],{"className":32,"code":40212,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(True))\nprint(float(False))\n",[15,40214,40215,40229],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40216,40217,40219,40221,40223,40225,40227],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40218,113],{"class":112},[39,40220,101],{"class":53},[39,40222,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40224,101],{"class":53},[39,40226,939],{"class":3477},[39,40228,1026],{"class":53},[39,40230,40231,40233,40235,40237,40239,40241],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40232,113],{"class":112},[39,40234,101],{"class":53},[39,40236,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40238,101],{"class":53},[39,40240,1038],{"class":3477},[39,40242,1026],{"class":53},[20,40244,458],{},[30,40246,40248],{"className":32,"code":40247,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1.0\n0.0\n",[15,40249,40250,40254],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40251,40252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40253,39793],{"class":57},[39,40255,40256],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40257,39979],{"class":57},[223,40259,40261],{"id":40260},"existing-floats","Existing floats",[20,40263,40264,40265,40267],{},"If the value is already a float, ",[15,40266,2505],{}," returns a float version of it:",[30,40269,40271],{"className":32,"code":40270,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(4.2))\n",[15,40272,40273],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40274,40275,40277,40279,40281,40283,40285],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40276,113],{"class":112},[39,40278,101],{"class":53},[39,40280,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40282,101],{"class":53},[39,40284,1986],{"class":57},[39,40286,1026],{"class":53},[20,40288,458],{},[30,40290,40291],{"className":32,"code":2010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,40292,40293],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40294,40295],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40296,2010],{"class":57},[134,40298,40300],{"id":40299},"values-that-cause-errors","Values that cause errors",[20,40302,40303,40304,94],{},"Some values cannot be converted by ",[15,40305,2505],{},[223,40307,40309],{"id":40308},"non-numeric-text","Non-numeric text",[20,40311,40312,40313,145],{},"If the string does not contain a valid number, Python raises a ",[15,40314,40315],{},"ValueError",[30,40317,40319],{"className":32,"code":40318,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"hello\"))\n",[15,40320,40321],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40322,40323,40325,40327,40329,40331,40333,40335,40337],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40324,113],{"class":112},[39,40326,101],{"class":53},[39,40328,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40330,101],{"class":53},[39,40332,244],{"class":243},[39,40334,3470],{"class":247},[39,40336,244],{"class":243},[39,40338,1026],{"class":53},[20,40340,29293],{},[30,40342,40344],{"className":32,"code":40343,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: could not convert string to float: 'hello'\n",[15,40345,40346],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40347,40348,40350,40352,40355,40357,40360,40362,40364,40366,40368],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40349,40315],{"class":2523},[39,40351,145],{"class":53},[39,40353,40354],{"class":45}," could ",[39,40356,4254],{"class":49},[39,40358,40359],{"class":45}," convert string to ",[39,40361,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40363,145],{"class":53},[39,40365,2920],{"class":243},[39,40367,3470],{"class":247},[39,40369,29312],{"class":243},[20,40371,40372],{},"This also happens with an empty string:",[30,40374,40376],{"className":32,"code":40375,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"\"))\n",[15,40377,40378],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40379,40380,40382,40384,40386,40388,40390],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40381,113],{"class":112},[39,40383,101],{"class":53},[39,40385,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40387,101],{"class":53},[39,40389,5887],{"class":243},[39,40391,1026],{"class":53},[223,40393,40395],{"id":40394},"unsupported-types","Unsupported types",[20,40397,40398],{},"Some types are not accepted directly, such as lists and dictionaries:",[30,40400,40402],{"className":32,"code":40401,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float([1, 2, 3]))\n",[15,40403,40404],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40405,40406,40408,40410,40412,40414,40416,40418,40420,40422,40424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40407,113],{"class":112},[39,40409,101],{"class":53},[39,40411,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40413,2608],{"class":53},[39,40415,58],{"class":57},[39,40417,61],{"class":53},[39,40419,64],{"class":57},[39,40421,61],{"class":53},[39,40423,73],{"class":57},[39,40425,2621],{"class":53},[20,40427,29293],{},[30,40429,40431],{"className":32,"code":40430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError: float() argument must be a string or a real number, not 'list'\n",[15,40432,40433],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40434,40435,40437,40439,40441,40443,40446,40449,40452,40454,40456,40458,40460],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40436,2627],{"class":2523},[39,40438,145],{"class":53},[39,40440,39866],{"class":2523},[39,40442,6982],{"class":53},[39,40444,40445],{"class":45}," argument must be a string ",[39,40447,40448],{"class":49},"or",[39,40450,40451],{"class":45}," a real number",[39,40453,61],{"class":53},[39,40455,7715],{"class":49},[39,40457,2920],{"class":243},[39,40459,7710],{"class":247},[39,40461,29312],{"class":243},[223,40463,40465],{"id":40464},"strings-with-commas","Strings with commas",[20,40467,40468],{},"In normal Python code, a comma is not treated as a decimal point:",[30,40470,40472],{"className":32,"code":40471,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"3,14\"))\n",[15,40473,40474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40475,40476,40478,40480,40482,40484,40486,40489,40491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40477,113],{"class":112},[39,40479,101],{"class":53},[39,40481,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40483,101],{"class":53},[39,40485,244],{"class":243},[39,40487,40488],{"class":247},"3,14",[39,40490,244],{"class":243},[39,40492,1026],{"class":53},[20,40494,2624,40495,94],{},[15,40496,40315],{},[20,40498,40499,40500,796,40504,94],{},"If you are fixing this specific problem, see ",[173,40501,40503],{"href":40502},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-string-to-float-in-python\u002F","how to convert a string to float in Python",[173,40505,40507],{"href":40506},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-could-not-convert-string-to-float-fix\u002F","ValueError: could not convert string to float",[134,40509,17032],{"id":17031},[20,40511,40512,40514],{},[15,40513,2505],{}," returns a new float value.",[20,40516,40517,40518,40520],{},"It does ",[3367,40519,4254],{}," change the original value in place.",[20,40522,515],{},[30,40524,40526],{"className":32,"code":40525,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"6.5\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,40527,40528,40541,40555,40559,40569,40579,40593],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40529,40530,40532,40534,40536,40539],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40531,34302],{"class":45},[39,40533,50],{"class":49},[39,40535,255],{"class":243},[39,40537,40538],{"class":247},"6.5",[39,40540,2983],{"class":243},[39,40542,40543,40545,40547,40549,40551,40553],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40544,1842],{"class":45},[39,40546,50],{"class":49},[39,40548,39866],{"class":2523},[39,40550,101],{"class":53},[39,40552,34323],{"class":97},[39,40554,80],{"class":53},[39,40556,40557],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,40558,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,40560,40561,40563,40565,40567],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,40562,113],{"class":112},[39,40564,101],{"class":53},[39,40566,34323],{"class":97},[39,40568,80],{"class":53},[39,40570,40571,40573,40575,40577],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,40572,113],{"class":112},[39,40574,101],{"class":53},[39,40576,1864],{"class":97},[39,40578,80],{"class":53},[39,40580,40581,40583,40585,40587,40589,40591],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,40582,113],{"class":112},[39,40584,101],{"class":53},[39,40586,2845],{"class":2523},[39,40588,101],{"class":53},[39,40590,34323],{"class":97},[39,40592,1026],{"class":53},[39,40594,40595,40597,40599,40601,40603,40605],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,40596,113],{"class":112},[39,40598,101],{"class":53},[39,40600,2845],{"class":2523},[39,40602,101],{"class":53},[39,40604,1864],{"class":97},[39,40606,1026],{"class":53},[20,40608,458],{},[30,40610,40612],{"className":32,"code":40611,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"6.5\n6.5\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n",[15,40613,40614,40619,40623,40637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40615,40616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40617,40618],{"class":57},"6.5\n",[39,40620,40621],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40622,40618],{"class":57},[39,40624,40625,40627,40629,40631,40633,40635],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,40626,2914],{"class":49},[39,40628,2917],{"class":1689},[39,40630,2920],{"class":243},[39,40632,3069],{"class":247},[39,40634,629],{"class":243},[39,40636,2927],{"class":49},[39,40638,40639,40641,40643,40645,40647,40649],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,40640,2914],{"class":49},[39,40642,2917],{"class":1689},[39,40644,2920],{"class":243},[39,40646,1817],{"class":247},[39,40648,629],{"class":243},[39,40650,2927],{"class":49},[20,40652,40653],{},"In real programs, you usually assign the result to a variable so you can use it later.",[134,40655,643],{"id":642},[223,40657,40659,40660,40662],{"id":40658},"convert-input-text-into-a-decimal-number","Convert ",[15,40661,2580],{}," text into a decimal number",[20,40664,1604,40665,40669,40670,94],{},[173,40666,40667,1927],{"href":7835},[15,40668,2580],{}," always returns a string. If you want to do math, you often need ",[15,40671,2505],{},[30,40673,40675],{"className":32,"code":40674,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_value = input(\"Enter a price: \")\nprice = float(user_value)\n\nprint(price * 2)\n",[15,40676,40677,40696,40710,40714],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40678,40679,40681,40683,40685,40687,40689,40692,40694],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40680,7853],{"class":45},[39,40682,50],{"class":49},[39,40684,7858],{"class":112},[39,40686,101],{"class":53},[39,40688,244],{"class":243},[39,40690,40691],{"class":247},"Enter a price: ",[39,40693,244],{"class":243},[39,40695,80],{"class":53},[39,40697,40698,40700,40702,40704,40706,40708],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40699,39998],{"class":45},[39,40701,50],{"class":49},[39,40703,39866],{"class":2523},[39,40705,101],{"class":53},[39,40707,7882],{"class":97},[39,40709,80],{"class":53},[39,40711,40712],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,40713,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,40715,40716,40718,40720,40722,40724,40726],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,40717,113],{"class":112},[39,40719,101],{"class":53},[39,40721,39998],{"class":97},[39,40723,39483],{"class":49},[39,40725,64],{"class":57},[39,40727,80],{"class":53},[20,40729,40730,40731,40734],{},"If the user enters ",[15,40732,40733],{},"4.5",", the output will be:",[30,40736,40738],{"className":32,"code":40737,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"9.0\n",[15,40739,40740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40741,40742],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40743,40737],{"class":57},[20,40745,40746,40747,94],{},"For more help with this, see ",[173,40748,8593],{"href":8592},[223,40750,40752],{"id":40751},"prepare-values-for-math","Prepare values for math",[30,40754,40756],{"className":32,"code":40755,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = \"2.5\"\nb = \"1.5\"\n\ntotal = float(a) + float(b)\nprint(total)\n",[15,40757,40758,40771,40784,40788,40813],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40759,40760,40762,40764,40766,40769],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40761,2176],{"class":45},[39,40763,50],{"class":49},[39,40765,255],{"class":243},[39,40767,40768],{"class":247},"2.5",[39,40770,2983],{"class":243},[39,40772,40773,40775,40777,40779,40782],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40774,2204],{"class":45},[39,40776,50],{"class":49},[39,40778,255],{"class":243},[39,40780,40781],{"class":247},"1.5",[39,40783,2983],{"class":243},[39,40785,40786],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,40787,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,40789,40790,40793,40795,40797,40799,40801,40803,40805,40807,40809,40811],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,40791,40792],{"class":45},"total ",[39,40794,50],{"class":49},[39,40796,39866],{"class":2523},[39,40798,101],{"class":53},[39,40800,173],{"class":97},[39,40802,121],{"class":53},[39,40804,2077],{"class":49},[39,40806,39866],{"class":2523},[39,40808,101],{"class":53},[39,40810,1070],{"class":97},[39,40812,80],{"class":53},[39,40814,40815,40817,40819,40822],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,40816,113],{"class":112},[39,40818,101],{"class":53},[39,40820,40821],{"class":97},"total",[39,40823,80],{"class":53},[20,40825,458],{},[30,40827,40829],{"className":32,"code":40828,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4.0\n",[15,40830,40831],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40832,40833],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40834,40828],{"class":57},[223,40836,40838],{"id":40837},"convert-whole-numbers-to-floats","Convert whole numbers to floats",[20,40840,40841],{},"Sometimes a function or calculation expects float values:",[30,40843,40845],{"className":32,"code":40844,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"count = 7\nresult = float(count)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,40846,40847,40857,40871,40875],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40848,40849,40852,40854],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40850,40851],{"class":45},"count ",[39,40853,50],{"class":49},[39,40855,40856],{"class":57}," 7\n",[39,40858,40859,40861,40863,40865,40867,40869],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40860,86],{"class":45},[39,40862,50],{"class":49},[39,40864,39866],{"class":2523},[39,40866,101],{"class":53},[39,40868,98],{"class":97},[39,40870,80],{"class":53},[39,40872,40873],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,40874,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,40876,40877,40879,40881,40883],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,40878,113],{"class":112},[39,40880,101],{"class":53},[39,40882,118],{"class":97},[39,40884,80],{"class":53},[20,40886,458],{},[30,40888,40890],{"className":32,"code":40889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"7.0\n",[15,40891,40892],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40893,40894],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40895,40889],{"class":57},[223,40897,40899],{"id":40898},"convert-numbers-read-from-files-or-apis","Convert numbers read from files or APIs",[20,40901,40902,40903,40905],{},"Data often arrives as strings. ",[15,40904,2505],{}," helps turn that text into usable numbers.",[30,40907,40909],{"className":32,"code":40908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"temperature_text = \"21.8\"\ntemperature = float(temperature_text)\n\nprint(temperature)\n",[15,40910,40911,40925,40941,40945],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40912,40913,40916,40918,40920,40923],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40914,40915],{"class":45},"temperature_text ",[39,40917,50],{"class":49},[39,40919,255],{"class":243},[39,40921,40922],{"class":247},"21.8",[39,40924,2983],{"class":243},[39,40926,40927,40930,40932,40934,40936,40939],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,40928,40929],{"class":45},"temperature ",[39,40931,50],{"class":49},[39,40933,39866],{"class":2523},[39,40935,101],{"class":53},[39,40937,40938],{"class":97},"temperature_text",[39,40940,80],{"class":53},[39,40942,40943],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,40944,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,40946,40947,40949,40951,40954],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,40948,113],{"class":112},[39,40950,101],{"class":53},[39,40952,40953],{"class":97},"temperature",[39,40955,80],{"class":53},[134,40957,40959],{"id":40958},"special-values","Special values",[20,40961,40962,40964],{},[15,40963,2505],{}," can also create some special floating-point values.",[223,40966,40968],{"id":40967},"positive-infinity","Positive infinity",[30,40970,40972],{"className":32,"code":40971,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"inf\"))\n",[15,40973,40974],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,40975,40976,40978,40980,40982,40984,40986,40989,40991],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,40977,113],{"class":112},[39,40979,101],{"class":53},[39,40981,1817],{"class":2523},[39,40983,101],{"class":53},[39,40985,244],{"class":243},[39,40987,40988],{"class":247},"inf",[39,40990,244],{"class":243},[39,40992,1026],{"class":53},[20,40994,458],{},[30,40996,40998],{"className":32,"code":40997,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"inf\n",[15,40999,41000],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41001,41002],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41003,40997],{"class":45},[223,41005,41007],{"id":41006},"negative-infinity","Negative infinity",[30,41009,41011],{"className":32,"code":41010,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"-inf\"))\n",[15,41012,41013],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41014,41015,41017,41019,41021,41023,41025,41028,41030],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41016,113],{"class":112},[39,41018,101],{"class":53},[39,41020,1817],{"class":2523},[39,41022,101],{"class":53},[39,41024,244],{"class":243},[39,41026,41027],{"class":247},"-inf",[39,41029,244],{"class":243},[39,41031,1026],{"class":53},[20,41033,458],{},[30,41035,41037],{"className":32,"code":41036,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"-inf\n",[15,41038,41039],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41040,41041,41043],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41042,1648],{"class":49},[39,41044,40997],{"class":45},[223,41046,41048],{"id":41047},"not-a-number","Not a number",[30,41050,41052],{"className":32,"code":41051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"nan\"))\n",[15,41053,41054],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41055,41056,41058,41060,41062,41064,41066,41069,41071],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41057,113],{"class":112},[39,41059,101],{"class":53},[39,41061,1817],{"class":2523},[39,41063,101],{"class":53},[39,41065,244],{"class":243},[39,41067,41068],{"class":247},"nan",[39,41070,244],{"class":243},[39,41072,1026],{"class":53},[20,41074,458],{},[30,41076,41078],{"className":32,"code":41077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nan\n",[15,41079,41080],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41081,41082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41083,41077],{"class":45},[20,41085,41086],{},"These values are valid floats, but they can be confusing at first:",[147,41088,41089,41094,41099],{},[150,41090,41091,41093],{},[15,41092,40988],{}," means positive infinity",[150,41095,41096,41098],{},[15,41097,41027],{}," means negative infinity",[150,41100,41101,41103],{},[15,41102,41068],{}," means “not a number”",[20,41105,41106,41107,41109],{},"Beginners usually do not need these right away, but it is helpful to know that ",[15,41108,2505],{}," accepts them.",[134,41111,41113],{"id":41112},"common-errors-and-fixes","Common errors and fixes",[20,41115,41116,41117,41119],{},"The most common problems with ",[15,41118,2505],{}," happen when the value is not in the right format.",[223,41121,40315],{"id":41122},"valueerror",[20,41124,14800,41125,41127],{},[15,41126,40315],{}," happens when the value is the right general type, usually a string, but the string is not a valid number.",[20,41129,41130],{},"Common causes:",[147,41132,41133,41139,41142,41145],{},[150,41134,41135,41136],{},"Passing non-numeric text like ",[15,41137,41138],{},"\"abc\"",[150,41140,41141],{},"Trying to convert an empty string",[150,41143,41144],{},"Using a comma instead of a decimal point",[150,41146,4328,41147],{},[173,41148,41149,41151],{"href":7835},[15,41150,2580],{}," returns a string",[20,41153,515],{},[30,41155,41157],{"className":32,"code":41156,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"abc\"\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41158,41159,41172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41160,41161,41163,41165,41167,41170],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41162,2070],{"class":45},[39,41164,50],{"class":49},[39,41166,255],{"class":243},[39,41168,41169],{"class":247},"abc",[39,41171,2983],{"class":243},[39,41173,41174,41176,41178,41180,41182,41184],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,41175,113],{"class":112},[39,41177,101],{"class":53},[39,41179,1817],{"class":2523},[39,41181,101],{"class":53},[39,41183,155],{"class":97},[39,41185,1026],{"class":53},[223,41187,2627],{"id":41188},"typeerror",[20,41190,14800,41191,41193],{},[15,41192,2627],{}," happens when the value type cannot be converted directly.",[20,41195,41130],{},[147,41197,41198,41201,41204],{},[150,41199,41200],{},"Passing a list",[150,41202,41203],{},"Passing a dictionary",[150,41205,41206],{},"Passing another unsupported type",[20,41208,515],{},[30,41210,41212],{"className":32,"code":41211,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = {\"price\": \"9.99\"}\nprint(float(value))\n",[15,41213,41214,41239],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41215,41216,41218,41220,41222,41224,41226,41228,41230,41232,41235,41237],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41217,2070],{"class":45},[39,41219,50],{"class":49},[39,41221,10103],{"class":53},[39,41223,244],{"class":243},[39,41225,24761],{"class":247},[39,41227,244],{"class":243},[39,41229,145],{"class":53},[39,41231,255],{"class":243},[39,41233,41234],{"class":247},"9.99",[39,41236,244],{"class":243},[39,41238,8921],{"class":53},[39,41240,41241,41243,41245,41247,41249,41251],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,41242,113],{"class":112},[39,41244,101],{"class":53},[39,41246,1817],{"class":2523},[39,41248,101],{"class":53},[39,41250,155],{"class":97},[39,41252,1026],{"class":53},[223,41254,41256],{"id":41255},"clean-the-string-first","Clean the string first",[20,41258,41259,41260,41263],{},"If the string may contain extra spaces, ",[15,41261,41262],{},"strip()"," can help:",[30,41265,41267],{"className":32,"code":41266,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"  7.25  \"\nclean_value = value.strip()\n\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41268,41269,41282,41297,41301],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41270,41271,41273,41275,41277,41280],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41272,2070],{"class":45},[39,41274,50],{"class":49},[39,41276,255],{"class":243},[39,41278,41279],{"class":247},"  7.25  ",[39,41281,2983],{"class":243},[39,41283,41284,41287,41289,41291,41293,41295],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,41285,41286],{"class":45},"clean_value ",[39,41288,50],{"class":49},[39,41290,8049],{"class":45},[39,41292,94],{"class":53},[39,41294,8248],{"class":97},[39,41296,8257],{"class":53},[39,41298,41299],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,41300,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,41302,41303,41305,41307,41309,41311,41314],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,41304,113],{"class":112},[39,41306,101],{"class":53},[39,41308,1817],{"class":2523},[39,41310,101],{"class":53},[39,41312,41313],{"class":97},"clean_value",[39,41315,1026],{"class":53},[20,41317,458],{},[30,41319,41321],{"className":32,"code":41320,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"7.25\n",[15,41322,41323],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41324,41325],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41326,41320],{"class":57},[223,41328,41330],{"id":41329},"use-debugging-prints","Use debugging prints",[20,41332,41333],{},"If conversion fails, these checks are useful:",[30,41335,41337],{"className":32,"code":41336,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \" 3.5 \"\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n\nclean_value = value.strip()\nprint(float(clean_value))\n",[15,41338,41339,41352,41356,41366,41380,41395,41399,41413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41340,41341,41343,41345,41347,41350],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41342,2070],{"class":45},[39,41344,50],{"class":49},[39,41346,255],{"class":243},[39,41348,41349],{"class":247}," 3.5 ",[39,41351,2983],{"class":243},[39,41353,41354],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,41355,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,41357,41358,41360,41362,41364],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,41359,113],{"class":112},[39,41361,101],{"class":53},[39,41363,155],{"class":97},[39,41365,80],{"class":53},[39,41367,41368,41370,41372,41374,41376,41378],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,41369,113],{"class":112},[39,41371,101],{"class":53},[39,41373,2845],{"class":2523},[39,41375,101],{"class":53},[39,41377,155],{"class":97},[39,41379,1026],{"class":53},[39,41381,41382,41384,41386,41389,41391,41393],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,41383,113],{"class":112},[39,41385,101],{"class":53},[39,41387,41388],{"class":112},"repr",[39,41390,101],{"class":53},[39,41392,155],{"class":97},[39,41394,1026],{"class":53},[39,41396,41397],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,41398,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,41400,41401,41403,41405,41407,41409,41411],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,41402,41286],{"class":45},[39,41404,50],{"class":49},[39,41406,8049],{"class":45},[39,41408,94],{"class":53},[39,41410,8248],{"class":97},[39,41412,8257],{"class":53},[39,41414,41415,41417,41419,41421,41423,41425],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,41416,113],{"class":112},[39,41418,101],{"class":53},[39,41420,1817],{"class":2523},[39,41422,101],{"class":53},[39,41424,41313],{"class":97},[39,41426,1026],{"class":53},[20,41428,41429],{},"Why this helps:",[147,41431,41432,41438,41443,41449],{},[150,41433,41434,41437],{},[15,41435,41436],{},"print(value)"," shows the visible content",[150,41439,41440,20979],{},[15,41441,41442],{},"print(type(value))",[150,41444,41445,41448],{},[15,41446,41447],{},"print(repr(value))"," reveals hidden spaces or characters",[150,41450,41451,41453],{},[15,41452,41262],{}," removes spaces at the start and end",[223,41455,41457],{"id":41456},"use-try-except-for-unsafe-input","Use try-except for unsafe input",[20,41459,41460],{},"If the value may not be valid, handle the error safely:",[30,41462,41464],{"className":32,"code":41463,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\ntry:\n    number = float(value)\n    print(\"Converted:\", number)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"That is not a valid number.\")\n",[15,41465,41466,41485,41489,41495,41510,41529,41538],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41467,41468,41470,41472,41474,41476,41478,41481,41483],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41469,2070],{"class":45},[39,41471,50],{"class":49},[39,41473,7858],{"class":112},[39,41475,101],{"class":53},[39,41477,244],{"class":243},[39,41479,41480],{"class":247},"Enter a number: ",[39,41482,244],{"class":243},[39,41484,80],{"class":53},[39,41486,41487],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,41488,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,41490,41491,41493],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,41492,29416],{"class":572},[39,41494,598],{"class":53},[39,41496,41497,41500,41502,41504,41506,41508],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,41498,41499],{"class":45},"    number ",[39,41501,50],{"class":49},[39,41503,39866],{"class":2523},[39,41505,101],{"class":53},[39,41507,155],{"class":97},[39,41509,80],{"class":53},[39,41511,41512,41514,41516,41518,41521,41523,41525,41527],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,41513,603],{"class":112},[39,41515,101],{"class":53},[39,41517,244],{"class":243},[39,41519,41520],{"class":247},"Converted:",[39,41522,244],{"class":243},[39,41524,61],{"class":53},[39,41526,1822],{"class":97},[39,41528,80],{"class":53},[39,41530,41531,41533,41536],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,41532,29447],{"class":572},[39,41534,41535],{"class":2523}," ValueError",[39,41537,598],{"class":53},[39,41539,41540,41542,41544,41546,41549,41551],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,41541,603],{"class":112},[39,41543,101],{"class":53},[39,41545,244],{"class":243},[39,41547,41548],{"class":247},"That is not a valid number.",[39,41550,244],{"class":243},[39,41552,80],{"class":53},[20,41554,41555,41556,94],{},"If you are dealing with this exact error, see ",[173,41557,40507],{"href":40506},[134,41559,41561],{"id":41560},"float-vs-int","float() vs int()",[20,41563,10203,41564,796,41566,41568],{},[15,41565,2505],{},[15,41567,2499],{}," convert values to numbers, but they do not behave the same way.",[20,41570,41571,41573],{},[15,41572,2505],{}," creates decimal numbers:",[30,41575,41577],{"className":32,"code":41576,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(float(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41578,41579],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41580,41581,41583,41585,41587,41589,41591,41594,41596],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41582,113],{"class":112},[39,41584,101],{"class":53},[39,41586,1817],{"class":2523},[39,41588,101],{"class":53},[39,41590,244],{"class":243},[39,41592,41593],{"class":247},"3.9",[39,41595,244],{"class":243},[39,41597,1026],{"class":53},[20,41599,458],{},[30,41601,41603],{"className":32,"code":41602,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.9\n",[15,41604,41605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41606,41607],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41608,41602],{"class":57},[20,41610,41611,41613],{},[15,41612,2499],{}," creates whole numbers:",[30,41615,41617],{"className":32,"code":41616,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"10\"))\n",[15,41618,41619],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41620,41621,41623,41625,41627,41629,41631,41633,41635],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41622,113],{"class":112},[39,41624,101],{"class":53},[39,41626,1813],{"class":2523},[39,41628,101],{"class":53},[39,41630,244],{"class":243},[39,41632,682],{"class":247},[39,41634,244],{"class":243},[39,41636,1026],{"class":53},[20,41638,458],{},[30,41640,41641],{"className":32,"code":2000,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,41642,41643],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41644,41645],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41646,2000],{"class":57},[20,41648,41649,41650,41653],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,41651,41652],{},"int(\"3.9\")"," to work:",[30,41655,41657],{"className":32,"code":41656,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"3.9\"))\n",[15,41658,41659],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41660,41661,41663,41665,41667,41669,41671,41673,41675],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41662,113],{"class":112},[39,41664,101],{"class":53},[39,41666,1813],{"class":2523},[39,41668,101],{"class":53},[39,41670,244],{"class":243},[39,41672,41593],{"class":247},[39,41674,244],{"class":243},[39,41676,1026],{"class":53},[20,41678,2624,41679,8215,41681,41684],{},[15,41680,40315],{},[15,41682,41683],{},"\"3.9\""," is not a valid integer string.",[20,41686,10326],{},[147,41688,41689,41695],{},[150,41690,41691,41694],{},[15,41692,41693],{},"float(\"3.9\")"," works",[150,41696,41697,41699],{},[15,41698,41652],{}," fails",[20,41701,41702,41703,41706,41707,41709],{},"If you want a full comparison, see ",[173,41704,41705],{"href":2496},"Python int() Function Explained",". You may also find ",[173,41708,2043],{"href":2042}," helpful.",[134,41711,1454],{"id":1453},[223,41713,41715],{"id":41714},"what-does-float-return-in-python","What does float() return in Python?",[20,41717,41718,41719,177,41721,94],{},"It returns a floating-point number, such as ",[15,41720,2114],{},[15,41722,39754],{},[223,41724,41726],{"id":41725},"can-float-convert-a-string","Can float() convert a string?",[20,41728,41729,41730,177,41733,94],{},"Yes, if the string contains a valid number like ",[15,41731,41732],{},"\"2.5\"",[15,41734,41735],{},"\"10\"",[223,41737,41739],{"id":41738},"why-does-floatabc-fail","Why does float(\"abc\") fail?",[20,41741,28673,41742,41744,41745,94],{},[15,41743,41138],{}," is not a valid numeric string, so Python raises a ",[15,41746,40315],{},[223,41748,41750],{"id":41749},"what-does-float-with-no-argument-return","What does float() with no argument return?",[20,41752,4768,41753,94],{},[15,41754,3393],{},[223,41756,41758],{"id":41757},"can-float-convert-true-and-false","Can float() convert True and False?",[20,41760,41761,41762,41764,41765,796,41767,41764,41769,94],{},"Yes. ",[15,41763,939],{}," becomes ",[15,41766,799],{},[15,41768,1038],{},[15,41770,3393],{},[134,41772,1514],{"id":1513},[147,41774,41775,41779,41785,41790,41794,41798],{},[150,41776,41777],{},[173,41778,41705],{"href":2496},[150,41780,41781],{},[173,41782,41784],{"href":41783},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained\u002F","Python str() Function Explained",[150,41786,41787],{},[173,41788,41789],{"href":40502},"How to convert a string to float in Python",[150,41791,41792],{},[173,41793,8670],{"href":8592},[150,41795,41796],{},[173,41797,40507],{"href":40506},[150,41799,41800],{},[173,41801,41802],{"href":7835},"Python input() Function Explained",[1550,41804,41805],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":41807},[41808,41809,41810,41811,41818,41823,41824,41831,41836,41843,41844,41851],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":39801,"depth":83,"text":39802},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":40026,"depth":83,"text":40027,"children":41812},[41813,41814,41815,41816,41817],{"id":40035,"depth":109,"text":40036},{"id":40099,"depth":109,"text":40100},{"id":40163,"depth":109,"text":40164},{"id":40205,"depth":109,"text":40206},{"id":40260,"depth":109,"text":40261},{"id":40299,"depth":83,"text":40300,"children":41819},[41820,41821,41822],{"id":40308,"depth":109,"text":40309},{"id":40394,"depth":109,"text":40395},{"id":40464,"depth":109,"text":40465},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":642,"depth":83,"text":643,"children":41825},[41826,41828,41829,41830],{"id":40658,"depth":109,"text":41827},"Convert input() text into a decimal number",{"id":40751,"depth":109,"text":40752},{"id":40837,"depth":109,"text":40838},{"id":40898,"depth":109,"text":40899},{"id":40958,"depth":83,"text":40959,"children":41832},[41833,41834,41835],{"id":40967,"depth":109,"text":40968},{"id":41006,"depth":109,"text":41007},{"id":41047,"depth":109,"text":41048},{"id":41112,"depth":83,"text":41113,"children":41837},[41838,41839,41840,41841,41842],{"id":41122,"depth":109,"text":40315},{"id":41188,"depth":109,"text":2627},{"id":41255,"depth":109,"text":41256},{"id":41329,"depth":109,"text":41330},{"id":41456,"depth":109,"text":41457},{"id":41560,"depth":83,"text":41561},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":41845},[41846,41847,41848,41849,41850],{"id":41714,"depth":109,"text":41715},{"id":41725,"depth":109,"text":41726},{"id":41738,"depth":109,"text":41739},{"id":41749,"depth":109,"text":41750},{"id":41757,"depth":109,"text":41758},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python float function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained",{"title":39702,"description":41852},"reference\u002Fpython-float-function-explained","QDhcZeHPZNHjvzUBG1y5YosAc2zbXVrHayPblHEmejE",{"id":41859,"title":41860,"body":41861,"description":43081,"extension":1587,"meta":43082,"navigation":420,"path":34639,"seo":43083,"stem":43084,"__hash__":43085},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained.md","Python help() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":41862,"toc":43047},[41863,41866,41871,41874,41876,41915,41929,41933,41938,41941,41958,41961,41970,41985,41988,41990,41993,42009,42012,42015,42035,42039,42050,42053,42057,42061,42075,42110,42114,42125,42160,42163,42165,42173,42206,42222,42224,42234,42255,42266,42268,42273,42276,42290,42292,42311,42314,42327,42330,42334,42338,42352,42355,42373,42376,42391,42395,42400,42414,42420,42422,42479,42481,42514,42517,42533,42537,42544,42548,42553,42556,42567,42571,42576,42591,42600,42605,42624,42627,42639,42641,42646,42656,42659,42688,42693,42702,42706,42711,42714,42718,42723,42725,42755,42758,42765,42770,42775,42779,42782,42790,42793,42871,42874,42896,42898,42902,42905,42909,42915,42978,42982,42990,42994,42997,42999,43024,43044],[10,41864,41860],{"id":41865},"python-help-function-explained",[20,41867,3209,41868,41870],{},[15,41869,34642],{}," function shows built-in documentation inside Python.",[20,41872,41873],{},"It is useful when you want to quickly inspect a function, class, method, or module without leaving the Python shell. For beginners, it is a simple way to check what something does, what arguments it accepts, and how it is meant to be used.",[134,41875,1629],{"id":1628},[30,41877,41879],{"className":32,"code":41878,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\nhelp(str)\nhelp('modules')\n",[15,41880,41881,41891,41901],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41882,41883,41885,41887,41889],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41884,31766],{"class":112},[39,41886,101],{"class":53},[39,41888,10775],{"class":112},[39,41890,80],{"class":53},[39,41892,41893,41895,41897,41899],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,41894,31766],{"class":112},[39,41896,101],{"class":53},[39,41898,3069],{"class":2523},[39,41900,80],{"class":53},[39,41902,41903,41905,41907,41909,41911,41913],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,41904,31766],{"class":112},[39,41906,101],{"class":53},[39,41908,629],{"class":243},[39,41910,34273],{"class":247},[39,41912,629],{"class":243},[39,41914,80],{"class":53},[20,41916,128,41917,41919,41920,177,41922,41924,41925,41928],{},[15,41918,34642],{}," to view built-in documentation in the Python shell. Pass an object like ",[15,41921,10775],{},[15,41923,3069],{},", or use a string such as ",[15,41926,41927],{},"'modules'"," for special interactive help topics.",[134,41930,41932],{"id":41931},"what-help-does","What help() does",[20,41934,41935,41937],{},[15,41936,34642],{}," displays Python’s built-in documentation.",[20,41939,41940],{},"You can use it to inspect:",[147,41942,41943,41946,41949,41952,41955],{},[150,41944,41945],{},"Functions",[150,41947,41948],{},"Classes",[150,41950,41951],{},"Methods",[150,41953,41954],{},"Modules",[150,41956,41957],{},"Some Python keywords and help topics",[20,41959,41960],{},"It is most useful in the Python shell, IDLE, or another interactive environment.",[20,41962,41963,41964,41969],{},"For example, if you forget how ",[173,41965,41967],{"href":41966},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained\u002F",[15,41968,1542],{}," works, you can ask Python directly:",[30,41971,41973],{"className":32,"code":41972,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\n",[15,41974,41975],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41976,41977,41979,41981,41983],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,41978,31766],{"class":112},[39,41980,101],{"class":53},[39,41982,10775],{"class":112},[39,41984,80],{"class":53},[20,41986,41987],{},"This is helpful when you are learning because you can explore Python while you code.",[134,41989,1781],{"id":1780},[20,41991,41992],{},"The main form is:",[30,41994,41996],{"className":32,"code":41995,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(object)\n",[15,41997,41998],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,41999,42000,42002,42004,42007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42001,31766],{"class":112},[39,42003,101],{"class":53},[39,42005,42006],{"class":2523},"object",[39,42008,80],{"class":53},[20,42010,42011],{},"You pass in the thing you want to learn about.",[20,42013,42014],{},"Common examples include:",[147,42016,42017,42021,42026,42030],{},[150,42018,42019],{},[15,42020,10775],{},[150,42022,42023],{},[15,42024,42025],{},"list.append",[150,42027,42028],{},[15,42029,3069],{},[150,42031,42032],{},[15,42033,42034],{},"open",[20,42036,6791,42037,6794],{},[15,42038,34642],{},[30,42040,42042],{"className":32,"code":42041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help()\n",[15,42043,42044],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42045,42046,42048],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42047,31766],{"class":112},[39,42049,8257],{"class":53},[20,42051,42052],{},"This opens interactive help mode, where you can type help topics and search for information from inside Python.",[134,42054,42056],{"id":42055},"common-things-you-can-inspect","Common things you can inspect",[223,42058,42060],{"id":42059},"built-in-functions","Built-in functions",[20,42062,42063,42064,1814,42066,1814,42068,16685,42071,94],{},"You can inspect built-in functions such as ",[15,42065,10775],{},[15,42067,113],{},[15,42069,42070],{},"input",[173,42072,42073],{"href":1923},[15,42074,1926],{},[30,42076,42078],{"className":32,"code":42077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(print)\nhelp(input)\nhelp(type)\n",[15,42079,42080,42090,42100],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42081,42082,42084,42086,42088],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42083,31766],{"class":112},[39,42085,101],{"class":53},[39,42087,113],{"class":112},[39,42089,80],{"class":53},[39,42091,42092,42094,42096,42098],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42093,31766],{"class":112},[39,42095,101],{"class":53},[39,42097,42070],{"class":112},[39,42099,80],{"class":53},[39,42101,42102,42104,42106,42108],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,42103,31766],{"class":112},[39,42105,101],{"class":53},[39,42107,2845],{"class":2523},[39,42109,80],{"class":53},[223,42111,42113],{"id":42112},"data-types","Data types",[20,42115,42116,42117,1814,42119,1814,42121,16685,42123,94],{},"You can inspect types such as ",[15,42118,3069],{},[15,42120,7710],{},[15,42122,8433],{},[15,42124,5902],{},[30,42126,42128],{"className":32,"code":42127,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(str)\nhelp(list)\nhelp(dict)\n",[15,42129,42130,42140,42150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42131,42132,42134,42136,42138],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42133,31766],{"class":112},[39,42135,101],{"class":53},[39,42137,3069],{"class":2523},[39,42139,80],{"class":53},[39,42141,42142,42144,42146,42148],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42143,31766],{"class":112},[39,42145,101],{"class":53},[39,42147,7710],{"class":2523},[39,42149,80],{"class":53},[39,42151,42152,42154,42156,42158],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,42153,31766],{"class":112},[39,42155,101],{"class":53},[39,42157,8433],{"class":2523},[39,42159,80],{"class":53},[20,42161,42162],{},"This is useful when you want to see available methods and basic behavior for a type.",[223,42164,41951],{"id":34120},[20,42166,42167,42168,796,42171,94],{},"You can inspect methods such as ",[15,42169,42170],{},"str.split",[15,42172,42025],{},[30,42174,42176],{"className":32,"code":42175,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\n",[15,42177,42178,42192],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42179,42180,42182,42184,42186,42188,42190],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42181,31766],{"class":112},[39,42183,101],{"class":53},[39,42185,3069],{"class":2523},[39,42187,94],{"class":53},[39,42189,34083],{"class":997},[39,42191,80],{"class":53},[39,42193,42194,42196,42198,42200,42202,42204],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42195,31766],{"class":112},[39,42197,101],{"class":53},[39,42199,7710],{"class":2523},[39,42201,94],{"class":53},[39,42203,13163],{"class":997},[39,42205,80],{"class":53},[20,42207,42208,42209,1163,42211,27925,42216,42218,42219,42221],{},"If you are not sure what methods a type has, compare ",[15,42210,34642],{},[173,42212,42214],{"href":42213},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dir-function-explained\u002F",[15,42215,33925],{},[15,42217,33925],{}," shows available names, while ",[15,42220,34642],{}," explains one of them.",[223,42223,41954],{"id":34273},[20,42225,42226,42227,1814,42229,16685,42231,94],{},"You can inspect modules such as ",[15,42228,18029],{},[15,42230,34805],{},[15,42232,42233],{},"os",[30,42235,42237],{"className":32,"code":42236,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import math\nhelp(math)\n",[15,42238,42239,42245],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42240,42241,42243],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42242,34706],{"class":572},[39,42244,34709],{"class":45},[39,42246,42247,42249,42251,42253],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42248,31766],{"class":112},[39,42250,101],{"class":53},[39,42252,18029],{"class":97},[39,42254,80],{"class":53},[20,42256,42257,42258,42262,42263,94],{},"If you are still learning imports, see ",[173,42259,42261],{"href":42260},"\u002Flearn\u002Fhow-import-works-in-python\u002F","how import works in Python",". For a beginner-friendly module example, see the ",[173,42264,34772],{"href":42265},"\u002Fstandard-library\u002Fpython-math-module-overview\u002F",[134,42267,34533],{"id":34532},[20,42269,42270,42272],{},[15,42271,34642],{}," output can look long at first. Do not try to read everything.",[20,42274,42275],{},"Focus on these parts first:",[147,42277,42278,42281,42284,42287],{},[150,42279,42280],{},"The function signature",[150,42282,42283],{},"The short description",[150,42285,42286],{},"Parameter names",[150,42288,42289],{},"Return value details, when shown",[20,42291,5088],{},[30,42293,42295],{"className":32,"code":42294,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(str.split)\n",[15,42296,42297],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42298,42299,42301,42303,42305,42307,42309],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42300,31766],{"class":112},[39,42302,101],{"class":53},[39,42304,3069],{"class":2523},[39,42306,94],{"class":53},[39,42308,34083],{"class":997},[39,42310,80],{"class":53},[20,42312,42313],{},"When you read the output, look for:",[147,42315,42316,42319,42322,42324],{},[150,42317,42318],{},"What object this is",[150,42320,42321],{},"What arguments it accepts",[150,42323,21582],{},[150,42325,42326],{},"Short notes about how it behaves",[20,42328,42329],{},"A good beginner habit is to read the first few useful lines, then test the function yourself with a small example.",[134,42331,42333],{"id":42332},"when-help-is-useful","When help() is useful",[20,42335,42336,29486],{},[15,42337,34642],{},[147,42339,42340,42343,42346,42349],{},[150,42341,42342],{},"You forget how a built-in function works",[150,42344,42345],{},"You want to check method names on a type",[150,42347,42348],{},"You are exploring a new module",[150,42350,42351],{},"You want quick documentation while coding",[20,42353,42354],{},"For example, if you remember that strings have a method for splitting text but forget the exact details, you can run:",[30,42356,42357],{"className":32,"code":42294,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,42358,42359],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42360,42361,42363,42365,42367,42369,42371],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42362,31766],{"class":112},[39,42364,101],{"class":53},[39,42366,3069],{"class":2523},[39,42368,94],{"class":53},[39,42370,34083],{"class":997},[39,42372,80],{"class":53},[20,42374,42375],{},"If you want to inspect file handling, you can also check:",[30,42377,42379],{"className":32,"code":42378,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(open)\n",[15,42380,42381],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42382,42383,42385,42387,42389],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42384,31766],{"class":112},[39,42386,101],{"class":53},[39,42388,42034],{"class":112},[39,42390,80],{"class":53},[134,42392,42394],{"id":42393},"limits-of-help","Limits of help()",[20,42396,42397,42399],{},[15,42398,34642],{}," is useful, but it has limits.",[147,42401,42402,42405,42408,42411],{},[150,42403,42404],{},"The output can feel dense for beginners",[150,42406,42407],{},"Some third-party libraries may have unclear or incomplete help text",[150,42409,42410],{},"It does not replace simple examples",[150,42412,42413],{},"It works best when combined with small practice programs",[20,42415,42416,42417,42419],{},"So, ",[15,42418,34642],{}," is great for quick checking, but you will usually learn faster if you also test what you read in short code examples.",[20,42421,5088],{},[30,42423,42425],{"className":32,"code":42424,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a,b,c\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,42426,42427,42440,42464,42468],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42428,42429,42431,42433,42435,42438],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42430,34302],{"class":45},[39,42432,50],{"class":49},[39,42434,255],{"class":243},[39,42436,42437],{"class":247},"a,b,c",[39,42439,2983],{"class":243},[39,42441,42442,42445,42447,42450,42452,42454,42456,42458,42460,42462],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42443,42444],{"class":45},"parts ",[39,42446,50],{"class":49},[39,42448,42449],{"class":45}," text",[39,42451,94],{"class":53},[39,42453,34083],{"class":97},[39,42455,101],{"class":53},[39,42457,244],{"class":243},[39,42459,61],{"class":247},[39,42461,244],{"class":243},[39,42463,80],{"class":53},[39,42465,42466],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,42467,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,42469,42470,42472,42474,42477],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,42471,113],{"class":112},[39,42473,101],{"class":53},[39,42475,42476],{"class":97},"parts",[39,42478,80],{"class":53},[20,42480,5175],{},[30,42482,42484],{"className":32,"code":42483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,42485,42486],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42487,42488,42490,42492,42494,42496,42498,42500,42502,42504,42506,42508,42510,42512],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42489,3525],{"class":53},[39,42491,629],{"class":243},[39,42493,173],{"class":247},[39,42495,629],{"class":243},[39,42497,61],{"class":53},[39,42499,2920],{"class":243},[39,42501,1070],{"class":247},[39,42503,629],{"class":243},[39,42505,61],{"class":53},[39,42507,2920],{"class":243},[39,42509,9352],{"class":247},[39,42511,629],{"class":243},[39,42513,3262],{"class":53},[20,42515,42516],{},"A good workflow is:",[28325,42518,42519,42524,42527,42530],{},[150,42520,128,42521,42523],{},[15,42522,34642],{}," to inspect something",[150,42525,42526],{},"Write a tiny example",[150,42528,42529],{},"Check the result",[150,42531,42532],{},"Repeat",[134,42534,42536],{"id":42535},"difference-between-help-and-dir","Difference between help() and dir()",[20,42538,42539,796,42541,42543],{},[15,42540,34642],{},[15,42542,33925],{}," are often used together, but they do different jobs.",[223,42545,42546],{"id":31766},[15,42547,34642],{},[20,42549,128,42550,42552],{},[15,42551,34642],{}," when you want an explanation.",[20,42554,42555],{},"It tells you:",[147,42557,42558,42561,42564],{},[150,42559,42560],{},"What something is",[150,42562,42563],{},"How to use it",[150,42565,42566],{},"What parameters it accepts",[223,42568,42569],{"id":33986},[15,42570,33925],{},[20,42572,128,42573,42575],{},[15,42574,33925],{}," when you want a list of available names or attributes.",[30,42577,42579],{"className":32,"code":42578,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dir(str)\n",[15,42580,42581],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42582,42583,42585,42587,42589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42584,33986],{"class":112},[39,42586,101],{"class":53},[39,42588,3069],{"class":2523},[39,42590,80],{"class":53},[20,42592,42593,42594,1814,42596,16685,42598,94],{},"This shows many string methods, such as ",[15,42595,34083],{},[15,42597,8248],{},[15,42599,8254],{},[20,42601,42602,42603,145],{},"Then you can inspect one of them with ",[15,42604,34642],{},[30,42606,42608],{"className":32,"code":42607,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(str.lower)\n",[15,42609,42610],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42611,42612,42614,42616,42618,42620,42622],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42613,31766],{"class":112},[39,42615,101],{"class":53},[39,42617,3069],{"class":2523},[39,42619,94],{"class":53},[39,42621,8254],{"class":997},[39,42623,80],{"class":53},[20,42625,42626],{},"A simple way to remember the difference:",[147,42628,42629,42634],{},[150,42630,128,42631,42633],{},[15,42632,33925],{}," to discover options",[150,42635,128,42636,42638],{},[15,42637,34642],{}," to understand one option",[134,42640,944],{"id":943},[20,42642,42643,42644,94],{},"Beginners often run into these small problems when using ",[15,42645,34642],{},[223,42647,948,42649,42652,42653],{"id":42648},"using-helplen-when-you-meant-helplen",[15,42650,42651],{},"help('len')"," when you meant ",[15,42654,42655],{},"help(len)",[20,42657,42658],{},"These are not always the same.",[30,42660,42662],{"className":32,"code":42661,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\nhelp('len')\n",[15,42663,42664,42674],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42665,42666,42668,42670,42672],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42667,31766],{"class":112},[39,42669,101],{"class":53},[39,42671,10775],{"class":112},[39,42673,80],{"class":53},[39,42675,42676,42678,42680,42682,42684,42686],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42677,31766],{"class":112},[39,42679,101],{"class":53},[39,42681,629],{"class":243},[39,42683,10775],{"class":247},[39,42685,629],{"class":243},[39,42687,80],{"class":53},[20,42689,42690,42692],{},[15,42691,42655],{}," asks for help on the actual function object.",[20,42694,42695,42697,42698,42701],{},[15,42696,42651],{}," treats ",[15,42699,42700],{},"'len'"," as a help topic string. That can work differently, so when you want to inspect a real function, use the function name without quotes.",[223,42703,42705],{"id":42704},"expecting-short-example-based-output","Expecting short, example-based output",[20,42707,42708,42710],{},[15,42709,34642],{}," is documentation, not a tutorial.",[20,42712,42713],{},"The text may be longer and more technical than you expect. Start with the first lines, then test the function yourself.",[223,42715,42717],{"id":42716},"running-help-in-a-script-and-not-noticing-where-output-goes","Running help() in a script and not noticing where output goes",[20,42719,39954,42720,42722],{},[15,42721,34642],{}," in a normal Python script, the documentation text is printed to the terminal or console.",[20,42724,515],{},[30,42726,42728],{"className":32,"code":42727,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\nprint(\"Done\")\n",[15,42729,42730,42740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42731,42732,42734,42736,42738],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42733,31766],{"class":112},[39,42735,101],{"class":53},[39,42737,10775],{"class":112},[39,42739,80],{"class":53},[39,42741,42742,42744,42746,42748,42751,42753],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42743,113],{"class":112},[39,42745,101],{"class":53},[39,42747,244],{"class":243},[39,42749,42750],{"class":247},"Done",[39,42752,244],{"class":243},[39,42754,80],{"class":53},[20,42756,42757],{},"You may not see a neat interactive display like you do in the Python shell.",[223,42759,1160,42761,1163,42763],{"id":42760},"confusing-help-with-dir",[15,42762,34642],{},[15,42764,33925],{},[20,42766,42767,42768,94],{},"If you want a list of methods, use ",[15,42769,33925],{},[20,42771,42772,42773,94],{},"If you want an explanation of one method, use ",[15,42774,34642],{},[134,42776,42778],{"id":42777},"useful-commands-to-try","Useful commands to try",[20,42780,42781],{},"Open Python:",[30,42783,42784],{"className":32,"code":35157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,42785,42786],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42787,42788],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42789,35157],{"class":45},[20,42791,42792],{},"Then test these commands:",[30,42794,42796],{"className":32,"code":42795,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"help(len)\nhelp(str.split)\nhelp(list.append)\nhelp(open)\nhelp('keywords')\ndir(str)\n",[15,42797,42798,42808,42822,42836,42846,42861],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42799,42800,42802,42804,42806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42801,31766],{"class":112},[39,42803,101],{"class":53},[39,42805,10775],{"class":112},[39,42807,80],{"class":53},[39,42809,42810,42812,42814,42816,42818,42820],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42811,31766],{"class":112},[39,42813,101],{"class":53},[39,42815,3069],{"class":2523},[39,42817,94],{"class":53},[39,42819,34083],{"class":997},[39,42821,80],{"class":53},[39,42823,42824,42826,42828,42830,42832,42834],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,42825,31766],{"class":112},[39,42827,101],{"class":53},[39,42829,7710],{"class":2523},[39,42831,94],{"class":53},[39,42833,13163],{"class":997},[39,42835,80],{"class":53},[39,42837,42838,42840,42842,42844],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,42839,31766],{"class":112},[39,42841,101],{"class":53},[39,42843,42034],{"class":112},[39,42845,80],{"class":53},[39,42847,42848,42850,42852,42854,42857,42859],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,42849,31766],{"class":112},[39,42851,101],{"class":53},[39,42853,629],{"class":243},[39,42855,42856],{"class":247},"keywords",[39,42858,629],{"class":243},[39,42860,80],{"class":53},[39,42862,42863,42865,42867,42869],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,42864,33986],{"class":112},[39,42866,101],{"class":53},[39,42868,3069],{"class":2523},[39,42870,80],{"class":53},[20,42872,42873],{},"These are good starting points because they show different kinds of objects:",[147,42875,42876,42879,42882,42885,42888,42891],{},[150,42877,42878],{},"A built-in function",[150,42880,42881],{},"A string method",[150,42883,42884],{},"A list method",[150,42886,42887],{},"A built-in file function",[150,42889,42890],{},"A special help topic",[150,42892,14800,42893,42895],{},[15,42894,33925],{}," example for comparison",[134,42897,1454],{"id":1453},[223,42899,42901],{"id":42900},"what-does-help-return-in-python","What does help() return in Python?",[20,42903,42904],{},"It mainly prints documentation text to the screen. It is used for inspection, not for producing a useful return value in normal beginner code.",[223,42906,42908],{"id":42907},"can-i-use-help-on-my-own-functions","Can I use help() on my own functions?",[20,42910,42911,42912,42914],{},"Yes. You can pass your own function to ",[15,42913,34642],{}," to see its name, parameters, and docstring if it has one.",[30,42916,42918],{"className":32,"code":42917,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def greet(name):\n    \"\"\"Return a friendly greeting.\"\"\"\n    return f\"Hello, {name}!\"\n\nhelp(greet)\n",[15,42919,42920,42932,42945,42964,42968],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,42921,42922,42924,42926,42928,42930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,42923,34466],{"class":1689},[39,42925,34470],{"class":34469},[39,42927,101],{"class":53},[39,42929,7285],{"class":37275},[39,42931,7958],{"class":53},[39,42933,42934,42938,42942],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,42935,42937],{"class":42936},"s2W-s","    \"\"\"",[39,42939,42941],{"class":42940},"sithA","Return a friendly greeting.",[39,42943,42944],{"class":42936},"\"\"\"\n",[39,42946,42947,42949,42952,42955,42957,42959,42961],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,42948,34477],{"class":572},[39,42950,42951],{"class":1689}," f",[39,42953,42954],{"class":247},"\"Hello, ",[39,42956,8890],{"class":57},[39,42958,7285],{"class":45},[39,42960,21915],{"class":57},[39,42962,42963],{"class":247},"!\"\n",[39,42965,42966],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,42967,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,42969,42970,42972,42974,42976],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,42971,31766],{"class":112},[39,42973,101],{"class":53},[39,42975,34512],{"class":97},[39,42977,80],{"class":53},[223,42979,42981],{"id":42980},"what-is-the-difference-between-helplen-and-helplen","What is the difference between help(len) and help('len')?",[20,42983,42984,42986,42987,42989],{},[15,42985,42655],{}," asks for documentation for the actual function object. ",[15,42988,42651],{}," treats the value as a help topic string, which is a different lookup style.",[223,42991,42993],{"id":42992},"why-is-help-useful-for-beginners","Why is help() useful for beginners?",[20,42995,42996],{},"It gives quick built-in documentation inside Python, so you can check how something works without searching elsewhere first.",[134,42998,1514],{"id":1513},[147,43000,43001,43006,43010,43015,43020],{},[150,43002,43003],{},[173,43004,43005],{"href":42213},"Python dir() function explained",[150,43007,43008],{},[173,43009,8058],{"href":1923},[150,43011,43012],{},[173,43013,43014],{"href":41966},"Python len() function explained",[150,43016,43017],{},[173,43018,43019],{"href":42260},"How import works in Python",[150,43021,43022],{},[173,43023,34772],{"href":42265},[20,43025,43026,43027,43029,43030,1814,43032,16685,43034,43036,43037,177,43040,43043],{},"Try ",[15,43028,34642],{}," on three built-in functions you already know, such as ",[15,43031,10775],{},[15,43033,113],{},[15,43035,42070],{},". Then compare what you learn with ",[15,43038,43039],{},"dir(str)",[15,43041,43042],{},"dir(list)"," to build confidence exploring Python on your own.",[1550,43045,43046],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":43048},[43049,43050,43051,43052,43058,43059,43060,43061,43065,43073,43074,43080],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":41931,"depth":83,"text":41932},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":42055,"depth":83,"text":42056,"children":43053},[43054,43055,43056,43057],{"id":42059,"depth":109,"text":42060},{"id":42112,"depth":109,"text":42113},{"id":34120,"depth":109,"text":41951},{"id":34273,"depth":109,"text":41954},{"id":34532,"depth":83,"text":34533},{"id":42332,"depth":83,"text":42333},{"id":42393,"depth":83,"text":42394},{"id":42535,"depth":83,"text":42536,"children":43062},[43063,43064],{"id":31766,"depth":109,"text":34642},{"id":33986,"depth":109,"text":33925},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":43066},[43067,43069,43070,43071],{"id":42648,"depth":109,"text":43068},"Using help('len') when you meant help(len)",{"id":42704,"depth":109,"text":42705},{"id":42716,"depth":109,"text":42717},{"id":42760,"depth":109,"text":43072},"Confusing help() with dir()",{"id":42777,"depth":83,"text":42778},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":43075},[43076,43077,43078,43079],{"id":42900,"depth":109,"text":42901},{"id":42907,"depth":109,"text":42908},{"id":42980,"depth":109,"text":42981},{"id":42992,"depth":109,"text":42993},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python help function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":41860,"description":43081},"reference\u002Fpython-help-function-explained","Vhkt5jzLBPMaA5aqAyYPSa-k-XAlASN-1vUAx7Hvu5k",{"id":43087,"title":43088,"body":43089,"description":44449,"extension":1587,"meta":44450,"navigation":420,"path":44451,"seo":44452,"stem":44453,"__hash__":44454},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained.md","Python id() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":43090,"toc":44422},[43091,43097,43102,43108,43118,43177,43187,43198,43203,43209,43211,43229,43237,43239,43241,43256,43259,43270,43272,43363,43366,43370,43375,43396,43398,43507,43509,43536,43547,43551,43554,43637,43639,43647,43653,43659,43663,43666,43776,43778,43791,43794,43808,43816,43823,43828,43842,43848,43961,43963,44024,44027,44033,44039,44042,44064,44067,44137,44140,44172,44179,44181,44184,44202,44205,44217,44223,44225,44230,44256,44259,44331,44333,44339,44342,44348,44351,44357,44367,44373,44376,44383,44386,44388,44419],[10,43092,3202,43094,3206],{"id":43093},"python-id-function-explained",[15,43095,43096],{},"id()",[20,43098,31931,43099,43101],{},[15,43100,43096],{}," function returns a number that identifies an object while that object exists.",[20,43103,43104,43105,43107],{},"Beginners usually see ",[15,43106,43096],{}," when learning how variables and objects work in Python. It can help you understand whether two variables point to the same object, especially with mutable objects like lists and dictionaries.",[20,43109,128,43110,43112,43113,43115,43116,94],{},[15,43111,43096],{}," for inspection and debugging. Do ",[3367,43114,4254],{}," use it to compare normal values. For value comparison, use ",[15,43117,4312],{},[30,43119,43121],{"className":32,"code":43120,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Python\"\nprint(id(name))\n\nother = name\nprint(id(other))\n",[15,43122,43123,43135,43149,43153,43163],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43124,43125,43127,43129,43131,43133],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43126,7493],{"class":45},[39,43128,50],{"class":49},[39,43130,255],{"class":243},[39,43132,6913],{"class":247},[39,43134,2983],{"class":243},[39,43136,43137,43139,43141,43143,43145,43147],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,43138,113],{"class":112},[39,43140,101],{"class":53},[39,43142,12261],{"class":112},[39,43144,101],{"class":53},[39,43146,7285],{"class":97},[39,43148,1026],{"class":53},[39,43150,43151],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,43152,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,43154,43155,43158,43160],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,43156,43157],{"class":45},"other ",[39,43159,50],{"class":49},[39,43161,43162],{"class":45}," name\n",[39,43164,43165,43167,43169,43171,43173,43175],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,43166,113],{"class":112},[39,43168,101],{"class":53},[39,43170,12261],{"class":112},[39,43172,101],{"class":53},[39,43174,30356],{"class":97},[39,43176,1026],{"class":53},[20,43178,43179,43180,43183,43184,43186],{},"In this example, ",[15,43181,43182],{},"other = name"," makes both variables refer to the same object, so the two ",[15,43185,43096],{}," values match.",[43188,43189,43190],"blockquote",{},[20,43191,128,43192,43194,43195,43197],{},[15,43193,43096],{}," to inspect object identity. Do not use it to check whether two values are equal. Use ",[15,43196,4312],{}," for value comparison.",[134,43199,137,43201,140],{"id":43200},"what-id-does",[15,43202,43096],{},[20,43204,43205,43208],{},[15,43206,43207],{},"id(obj)"," returns an integer that identifies an object during its lifetime.",[20,43210,12664],{},[147,43212,43213,43216,43223,43226],{},[150,43214,43215],{},"The returned value is unique for that object while it exists",[150,43217,43218,43219,43222],{},"It shows ",[3367,43220,43221],{},"object identity",", not object value",[150,43224,43225],{},"Beginners mostly use it for learning and debugging",[150,43227,43228],{},"It is helpful when you want to see whether two names refer to the same object",[20,43230,43231,43232,43236],{},"This is closely related to how ",[173,43233,43235],{"href":43234},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-variables-explained-for-beginners","Python variables work",". A variable does not store a value in the same way a box stores an item. Instead, it refers to an object.",[134,43238,1781],{"id":1780},[20,43240,5050],{},[30,43242,43244],{"className":32,"code":43243,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"id(object)\n",[15,43245,43246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43247,43248,43250,43252,43254],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43249,12261],{"class":112},[39,43251,101],{"class":53},[39,43253,42006],{"class":2523},[39,43255,80],{"class":53},[20,43257,43258],{},"Important details:",[147,43260,43261,43264,43267],{},[150,43262,43263],{},"It takes one argument",[150,43265,43266],{},"It returns an integer",[150,43268,43269],{},"It works with strings, numbers, lists, dictionaries, functions, and other objects",[20,43271,515],{},[30,43273,43275],{"className":32,"code":43274,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nnumber = 42\nitems = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(id(text))\nprint(id(number))\nprint(id(items))\n",[15,43276,43277,43289,43297,43317,43321,43335,43349],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43278,43279,43281,43283,43285,43287],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43280,34302],{"class":45},[39,43282,50],{"class":49},[39,43284,255],{"class":243},[39,43286,3470],{"class":247},[39,43288,2983],{"class":243},[39,43290,43291,43293,43295],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,43292,1842],{"class":45},[39,43294,50],{"class":49},[39,43296,2391],{"class":57},[39,43298,43299,43301,43303,43305,43307,43309,43311,43313,43315],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,43300,7397],{"class":45},[39,43302,50],{"class":49},[39,43304,3249],{"class":53},[39,43306,58],{"class":57},[39,43308,61],{"class":53},[39,43310,64],{"class":57},[39,43312,61],{"class":53},[39,43314,73],{"class":57},[39,43316,3262],{"class":53},[39,43318,43319],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,43320,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,43322,43323,43325,43327,43329,43331,43333],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,43324,113],{"class":112},[39,43326,101],{"class":53},[39,43328,12261],{"class":112},[39,43330,101],{"class":53},[39,43332,34323],{"class":97},[39,43334,1026],{"class":53},[39,43336,43337,43339,43341,43343,43345,43347],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,43338,113],{"class":112},[39,43340,101],{"class":53},[39,43342,12261],{"class":112},[39,43344,101],{"class":53},[39,43346,1864],{"class":97},[39,43348,1026],{"class":53},[39,43350,43351,43353,43355,43357,43359,43361],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,43352,113],{"class":112},[39,43354,101],{"class":53},[39,43356,12261],{"class":112},[39,43358,101],{"class":53},[39,43360,7426],{"class":97},[39,43362,1026],{"class":53},[20,43364,43365],{},"Expected output will be three integers. The exact numbers will be different on your computer.",[134,43367,43369],{"id":43368},"object-identity-vs-value","Object identity vs value",[20,43371,43372,43373,94],{},"This is the most important idea behind ",[15,43374,43096],{},[147,43376,43377,43384,43391],{},[150,43378,43379,43381,43382],{},[15,43380,4312],{}," checks whether two objects have the same ",[3367,43383,155],{},[150,43385,43386,43388,43389],{},[15,43387,11805],{}," checks whether two variables refer to the same ",[3367,43390,42006],{},[150,43392,43393,43395],{},[15,43394,43096],{}," lets you inspect that identity as an integer",[20,43397,515],{},[30,43399,43401],{"className":32,"code":43400,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(a == b)   # True\nprint(a is b)   # False\nprint(id(a))\nprint(id(b))\n",[15,43402,43403,43423,43443,43447,43463,43479,43493],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43404,43405,43407,43409,43411,43413,43415,43417,43419,43421],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43406,2176],{"class":45},[39,43408,50],{"class":49},[39,43410,3249],{"class":53},[39,43412,58],{"class":57},[39,43414,61],{"class":53},[39,43416,64],{"class":57},[39,43418,61],{"class":53},[39,43420,73],{"class":57},[39,43422,3262],{"class":53},[39,43424,43425,43427,43429,43431,43433,43435,43437,43439,43441],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,43426,2204],{"class":45},[39,43428,50],{"class":49},[39,43430,3249],{"class":53},[39,43432,58],{"class":57},[39,43434,61],{"class":53},[39,43436,64],{"class":57},[39,43438,61],{"class":53},[39,43440,73],{"class":57},[39,43442,3262],{"class":53},[39,43444,43445],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,43446,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,43448,43449,43451,43453,43455,43457,43459,43461],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,43450,113],{"class":112},[39,43452,101],{"class":53},[39,43454,2176],{"class":97},[39,43456,4312],{"class":49},[39,43458,2181],{"class":97},[39,43460,121],{"class":53},[39,43462,1367],{"class":124},[39,43464,43465,43467,43469,43471,43473,43475,43477],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,43466,113],{"class":112},[39,43468,101],{"class":53},[39,43470,2176],{"class":97},[39,43472,11805],{"class":572},[39,43474,2181],{"class":97},[39,43476,121],{"class":53},[39,43478,1385],{"class":124},[39,43480,43481,43483,43485,43487,43489,43491],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,43482,113],{"class":112},[39,43484,101],{"class":53},[39,43486,12261],{"class":112},[39,43488,101],{"class":53},[39,43490,173],{"class":97},[39,43492,1026],{"class":53},[39,43494,43495,43497,43499,43501,43503,43505],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,43496,113],{"class":112},[39,43498,101],{"class":53},[39,43500,12261],{"class":112},[39,43502,101],{"class":53},[39,43504,1070],{"class":97},[39,43506,1026],{"class":53},[20,43508,1803],{},[147,43510,43511,43519,43527],{},[150,43512,43513,936,43516,43518],{},[15,43514,43515],{},"a == b",[15,43517,939],{}," because both lists contain the same values",[150,43520,43521,936,43524,43526],{},[15,43522,43523],{},"a is b",[15,43525,1038],{}," because they are different list objects",[150,43528,43529,796,43532,43535],{},[15,43530,43531],{},"id(a)",[15,43533,43534],{},"id(b)"," are usually different",[20,43537,43538,43539,796,43543,94],{},"If this topic feels confusing, it helps to read about ",[173,43540,43542],{"href":43541},"\u002Flearn\u002Fmutability-in-python-explained-mutable-vs-immutable-types","mutability in Python",[173,43544,43546],{"href":43545},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview","Python data types",[134,43548,43550],{"id":43549},"simple-example-with-shared-references","Simple example with shared references",[20,43552,43553],{},"When you assign one variable to another, both names can refer to the same object.",[30,43555,43557],{"className":32,"code":43556,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nother_numbers = numbers\n\nprint(id(numbers))\nprint(id(other_numbers))\nprint(numbers is other_numbers)\n",[15,43558,43559,43579,43589,43593,43607,43622],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43560,43561,43563,43565,43567,43569,43571,43573,43575,43577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43562,46],{"class":45},[39,43564,50],{"class":49},[39,43566,3249],{"class":53},[39,43568,682],{"class":57},[39,43570,61],{"class":53},[39,43572,687],{"class":57},[39,43574,61],{"class":53},[39,43576,697],{"class":57},[39,43578,3262],{"class":53},[39,43580,43581,43584,43586],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,43582,43583],{"class":45},"other_numbers ",[39,43585,50],{"class":49},[39,43587,43588],{"class":45}," numbers\n",[39,43590,43591],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,43592,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,43594,43595,43597,43599,43601,43603,43605],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,43596,113],{"class":112},[39,43598,101],{"class":53},[39,43600,12261],{"class":112},[39,43602,101],{"class":53},[39,43604,992],{"class":97},[39,43606,1026],{"class":53},[39,43608,43609,43611,43613,43615,43617,43620],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,43610,113],{"class":112},[39,43612,101],{"class":53},[39,43614,12261],{"class":112},[39,43616,101],{"class":53},[39,43618,43619],{"class":97},"other_numbers",[39,43621,1026],{"class":53},[39,43623,43624,43626,43628,43630,43632,43635],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,43625,113],{"class":112},[39,43627,101],{"class":53},[39,43629,46],{"class":97},[39,43631,11805],{"class":572},[39,43633,43634],{"class":97}," other_numbers",[39,43636,80],{"class":53},[20,43638,5175],{},[30,43640,43641],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,43642,43643],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43644,43645],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43646,3605],{"class":3477},[20,43648,43649,43650,43652],{},"The two ",[15,43651,43096],{}," values will also match.",[20,43654,21801,43655,43658],{},[15,43656,43657],{},"other_numbers = numbers"," does not create a new list. It creates a second reference to the same list.",[134,43660,43662],{"id":43661},"example-with-separate-objects","Example with separate objects",[20,43664,43665],{},"Now compare that with two separate lists that contain the same values.",[30,43667,43669],{"className":32,"code":43668,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list_a = [1, 2, 3]\nlist_b = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(list_a == list_b)\nprint(list_a is list_b)\nprint(id(list_a))\nprint(id(list_b))\n",[15,43670,43671,43692,43713,43717,43732,43746,43761],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43672,43673,43676,43678,43680,43682,43684,43686,43688,43690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43674,43675],{"class":45},"list_a ",[39,43677,50],{"class":49},[39,43679,3249],{"class":53},[39,43681,58],{"class":57},[39,43683,61],{"class":53},[39,43685,64],{"class":57},[39,43687,61],{"class":53},[39,43689,73],{"class":57},[39,43691,3262],{"class":53},[39,43693,43694,43697,43699,43701,43703,43705,43707,43709,43711],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,43695,43696],{"class":45},"list_b ",[39,43698,50],{"class":49},[39,43700,3249],{"class":53},[39,43702,58],{"class":57},[39,43704,61],{"class":53},[39,43706,64],{"class":57},[39,43708,61],{"class":53},[39,43710,73],{"class":57},[39,43712,3262],{"class":53},[39,43714,43715],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,43716,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,43718,43719,43721,43723,43725,43727,43730],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,43720,113],{"class":112},[39,43722,101],{"class":53},[39,43724,43675],{"class":97},[39,43726,4312],{"class":49},[39,43728,43729],{"class":97}," list_b",[39,43731,80],{"class":53},[39,43733,43734,43736,43738,43740,43742,43744],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,43735,113],{"class":112},[39,43737,101],{"class":53},[39,43739,43675],{"class":97},[39,43741,11805],{"class":572},[39,43743,43729],{"class":97},[39,43745,80],{"class":53},[39,43747,43748,43750,43752,43754,43756,43759],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,43749,113],{"class":112},[39,43751,101],{"class":53},[39,43753,12261],{"class":112},[39,43755,101],{"class":53},[39,43757,43758],{"class":97},"list_a",[39,43760,1026],{"class":53},[39,43762,43763,43765,43767,43769,43771,43774],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,43764,113],{"class":112},[39,43766,101],{"class":53},[39,43768,12261],{"class":112},[39,43770,101],{"class":53},[39,43772,43773],{"class":97},"list_b",[39,43775,1026],{"class":53},[20,43777,5175],{},[30,43779,43781],{"className":32,"code":43780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nFalse\n",[15,43782,43783,43787],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43784,43785],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43786,3605],{"class":3477},[39,43788,43789],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,43790,3666],{"class":3477},[20,43792,43793],{},"What this means:",[147,43795,43796,43799,43802],{},[150,43797,43798],{},"The lists are equal in value",[150,43800,43801],{},"They are not the same object",[150,43803,43804,43805,43807],{},"Their ",[15,43806,43096],{}," values are usually different",[20,43809,43810,43811,43813,43814,94],{},"This is why ",[15,43812,43096],{}," should not replace ",[15,43815,4312],{},[134,43817,43819,43820,43822],{"id":43818},"when-id-is-useful","When ",[15,43821,43096],{}," is useful",[20,43824,43825,43827],{},[15,43826,43096],{}," can be useful in a few situations:",[147,43829,43830,43833,43836,43839],{},[150,43831,43832],{},"Checking whether two variables refer to the same object",[150,43834,43835],{},"Understanding mutable objects like lists and dictionaries",[150,43837,43838],{},"Debugging code that changes data in place",[150,43840,43841],{},"Learning how assignment works in Python",[20,43843,43844,43845,43847],{},"For example, if a list changes unexpectedly, ",[15,43846,43096],{}," can help you see whether two variables point to the same list:",[30,43849,43851],{"className":32,"code":43850,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [\"a\", \"b\"]\ncopy_ref = original\n\ncopy_ref.append(\"c\")\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copy_ref)\nprint(id(original))\nprint(id(copy_ref))\n",[15,43852,43853,43877,43886,43890,43909,43913,43923,43933,43947],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43854,43855,43857,43859,43861,43863,43865,43867,43869,43871,43873,43875],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43856,11697],{"class":45},[39,43858,50],{"class":49},[39,43860,3249],{"class":53},[39,43862,244],{"class":243},[39,43864,173],{"class":247},[39,43866,244],{"class":243},[39,43868,61],{"class":53},[39,43870,255],{"class":243},[39,43872,1070],{"class":247},[39,43874,244],{"class":243},[39,43876,3262],{"class":53},[39,43878,43879,43882,43884],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,43880,43881],{"class":45},"copy_ref ",[39,43883,50],{"class":49},[39,43885,11735],{"class":45},[39,43887,43888],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,43889,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,43891,43892,43895,43897,43899,43901,43903,43905,43907],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,43893,43894],{"class":45},"copy_ref",[39,43896,94],{"class":53},[39,43898,13163],{"class":97},[39,43900,101],{"class":53},[39,43902,244],{"class":243},[39,43904,9352],{"class":247},[39,43906,244],{"class":243},[39,43908,80],{"class":53},[39,43910,43911],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,43912,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,43914,43915,43917,43919,43921],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,43916,113],{"class":112},[39,43918,101],{"class":53},[39,43920,11744],{"class":97},[39,43922,80],{"class":53},[39,43924,43925,43927,43929,43931],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,43926,113],{"class":112},[39,43928,101],{"class":53},[39,43930,43894],{"class":97},[39,43932,80],{"class":53},[39,43934,43935,43937,43939,43941,43943,43945],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,43936,113],{"class":112},[39,43938,101],{"class":53},[39,43940,12261],{"class":112},[39,43942,101],{"class":53},[39,43944,11744],{"class":97},[39,43946,1026],{"class":53},[39,43948,43949,43951,43953,43955,43957,43959],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,43950,113],{"class":112},[39,43952,101],{"class":53},[39,43954,12261],{"class":112},[39,43956,101],{"class":53},[39,43958,43894],{"class":97},[39,43960,1026],{"class":53},[20,43962,5175],{},[30,43964,43966],{"className":32,"code":43965,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,43967,43968,43996],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,43969,43970,43972,43974,43976,43978,43980,43982,43984,43986,43988,43990,43992,43994],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,43971,3525],{"class":53},[39,43973,629],{"class":243},[39,43975,173],{"class":247},[39,43977,629],{"class":243},[39,43979,61],{"class":53},[39,43981,2920],{"class":243},[39,43983,1070],{"class":247},[39,43985,629],{"class":243},[39,43987,61],{"class":53},[39,43989,2920],{"class":243},[39,43991,9352],{"class":247},[39,43993,629],{"class":243},[39,43995,3262],{"class":53},[39,43997,43998,44000,44002,44004,44006,44008,44010,44012,44014,44016,44018,44020,44022],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,43999,3525],{"class":53},[39,44001,629],{"class":243},[39,44003,173],{"class":247},[39,44005,629],{"class":243},[39,44007,61],{"class":53},[39,44009,2920],{"class":243},[39,44011,1070],{"class":247},[39,44013,629],{"class":243},[39,44015,61],{"class":53},[39,44017,2920],{"class":243},[39,44019,9352],{"class":247},[39,44021,629],{"class":243},[39,44023,3262],{"class":53},[20,44025,44026],{},"Both variables show the same updated list because they refer to the same object.",[134,44028,44030,44031],{"id":44029},"when-not-to-use-id","When not to use ",[15,44032,43096],{},[20,44034,44035,44036,44038],{},"Do not use ",[15,44037,43096],{}," as a normal comparison tool.",[20,44040,44041],{},"Avoid these mistakes:",[147,44043,44044,44050,44056,44059],{},[150,44045,44046,44047,44049],{},"Do not use it instead of ",[15,44048,4312],{}," for strings, numbers, lists, or other normal values",[150,44051,44052,44053,44055],{},"Do not store or depend on ",[15,44054,43096],{}," values across program runs",[150,44057,44058],{},"Do not assume the integer has a meaning you should interpret",[150,44060,44061,44062],{},"Do not build unnecessary program logic around ",[15,44063,43096],{},[20,44065,44066],{},"Bad example:",[30,44068,44070],{"className":32,"code":44069,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = \"cat\"\nb = \"cat\"\n\nif id(a) == id(b):\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44071,44072,44084,44096,44100,44122],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44073,44074,44076,44078,44080,44082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44075,2176],{"class":45},[39,44077,50],{"class":49},[39,44079,255],{"class":243},[39,44081,839],{"class":247},[39,44083,2983],{"class":243},[39,44085,44086,44088,44090,44092,44094],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44087,2204],{"class":45},[39,44089,50],{"class":49},[39,44091,255],{"class":243},[39,44093,839],{"class":247},[39,44095,2983],{"class":243},[39,44097,44098],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,44099,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,44101,44102,44104,44106,44108,44110,44112,44114,44116,44118,44120],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,44103,511],{"class":572},[39,44105,14427],{"class":112},[39,44107,101],{"class":53},[39,44109,173],{"class":97},[39,44111,121],{"class":53},[39,44113,6023],{"class":49},[39,44115,14427],{"class":112},[39,44117,101],{"class":53},[39,44119,1070],{"class":97},[39,44121,7958],{"class":53},[39,44123,44124,44126,44128,44130,44133,44135],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,44125,603],{"class":112},[39,44127,101],{"class":53},[39,44129,244],{"class":243},[39,44131,44132],{"class":247},"The values are equal",[39,44134,244],{"class":243},[39,44136,80],{"class":53},[20,44138,44139],{},"This is the wrong test. Use:",[30,44141,44143],{"className":32,"code":44142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"if a == b:\n    print(\"The values are equal\")\n",[15,44144,44145,44158],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44146,44147,44149,44152,44154,44156],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44148,511],{"class":572},[39,44150,44151],{"class":45}," a ",[39,44153,4312],{"class":49},[39,44155,2181],{"class":45},[39,44157,598],{"class":53},[39,44159,44160,44162,44164,44166,44168,44170],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44161,603],{"class":112},[39,44163,101],{"class":53},[39,44165,244],{"class":243},[39,44167,44132],{"class":247},[39,44169,244],{"class":243},[39,44171,80],{"class":53},[20,44173,128,44174,177,44176,44178],{},[15,44175,11805],{},[15,44177,43096],{}," only when identity actually matters.",[134,44180,20413],{"id":20412},[20,44182,44183],{},"There are a few details that can confuse beginners:",[147,44185,44186,44189,44192,44197],{},[150,44187,44188],{},"Some small values may appear to share identities because Python can reuse objects",[150,44190,44191],{},"That behavior can vary between Python implementations",[150,44193,44194,44195],{},"Do not assume equal immutable values always have the same ",[15,44196,43096],{},[150,44198,44199,44200],{},"Do not assume they always have different ",[15,44201,43096],{},[20,44203,44204],{},"The important rule is:",[147,44206,44207,44212],{},[150,44208,128,44209,44211],{},[15,44210,4312],{}," to check value",[150,44213,128,44214,44216],{},[15,44215,11805],{}," to check identity",[20,44218,44219,44220,44222],{},"In everyday Python code, ",[15,44221,43096],{}," is mainly an inspection tool. It is not something you use all the time.",[134,44224,944],{"id":943},[20,44226,44227,44228,145],{},"Here are common beginner mistakes with ",[15,44229,43096],{},[147,44231,44232,44240,44243,44246,44251],{},[150,44233,948,44234,44236,44237,44239],{},[15,44235,43096],{}," when ",[15,44238,4312],{}," should be used",[150,44241,44242],{},"Confusing identity with equality",[150,44244,44245],{},"Thinking the returned integer is a memory address you should rely on",[150,44247,44248,44249],{},"Assuming equal immutable values always have different or always have the same ",[15,44250,43096],{},[150,44252,948,44253,44255],{},[15,44254,43096],{}," to make program logic decisions unnecessarily",[20,44257,44258],{},"If you are debugging, these commands are often helpful:",[30,44260,44262],{"className":32,"code":44261,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(id(my_object))\nprint(a == b)\nprint(a is b)\nprint(type(my_object))\nhelp(id)\n",[15,44263,44264,44279,44293,44307,44321],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44265,44266,44268,44270,44272,44274,44277],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44267,113],{"class":112},[39,44269,101],{"class":53},[39,44271,12261],{"class":112},[39,44273,101],{"class":53},[39,44275,44276],{"class":97},"my_object",[39,44278,1026],{"class":53},[39,44280,44281,44283,44285,44287,44289,44291],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44282,113],{"class":112},[39,44284,101],{"class":53},[39,44286,2176],{"class":97},[39,44288,4312],{"class":49},[39,44290,2181],{"class":97},[39,44292,80],{"class":53},[39,44294,44295,44297,44299,44301,44303,44305],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,44296,113],{"class":112},[39,44298,101],{"class":53},[39,44300,2176],{"class":97},[39,44302,11805],{"class":572},[39,44304,2181],{"class":97},[39,44306,80],{"class":53},[39,44308,44309,44311,44313,44315,44317,44319],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,44310,113],{"class":112},[39,44312,101],{"class":53},[39,44314,2845],{"class":2523},[39,44316,101],{"class":53},[39,44318,44276],{"class":97},[39,44320,1026],{"class":53},[39,44322,44323,44325,44327,44329],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,44324,31766],{"class":112},[39,44326,101],{"class":53},[39,44328,12261],{"class":112},[39,44330,80],{"class":53},[134,44332,1454],{"id":1453},[223,44334,44336,44337,12327],{"id":44335},"what-does-python-id-return","What does Python ",[15,44338,43096],{},[20,44340,44341],{},"It returns an integer that identifies an object for as long as that object exists.",[223,44343,14514,44345,44347],{"id":44344},"is-id-the-same-as-a-memory-address",[15,44346,43096],{}," the same as a memory address?",[20,44349,44350],{},"In CPython, it is often related to the memory address, but beginners should treat it as an identity value, not as something to depend on.",[223,44352,21032,44354,44356],{"id":44353},"should-i-use-id-to-compare-two-values",[15,44355,43096],{}," to compare two values?",[20,44358,29883,44359,44361,44362,177,44364,44366],{},[15,44360,4312],{}," to compare values. Use ",[15,44363,43096],{},[15,44365,11805],{}," only when you need to know whether two variables refer to the same object.",[223,44368,44370,44371,929],{"id":44369},"why-do-two-variables-sometimes-have-the-same-id","Why do two variables sometimes have the same ",[15,44372,43096],{},[20,44374,44375],{},"Because they can point to the same object.",[223,44377,44379,44380,44382],{"id":44378},"why-do-equal-lists-have-different-id-values","Why do equal lists have different ",[15,44381,43096],{}," values?",[20,44384,44385],{},"Because they can store the same values but still be separate objects.",[134,44387,1514],{"id":1513},[147,44389,44390,44395,44400,44405,44413],{},[150,44391,44392],{},[173,44393,44394],{"href":43234},"Python variables explained for beginners",[150,44396,44397],{},[173,44398,44399],{"href":43541},"Mutability in Python: mutable vs immutable types",[150,44401,44402],{},[173,44403,44404],{"href":43545},"Python data types overview",[150,44406,44407],{},[173,44408,3202,44410,3135],{"href":44409},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained",[15,44411,44412],{},"isinstance()",[150,44414,44415],{},[173,44416,44418],{"href":44417},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-functions-explained","Python functions explained",[1550,44420,44421],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":44423},[44424,44426,44427,44428,44429,44430,44432,44434,44435,44436,44448],{"id":43200,"depth":83,"text":44425},"What id() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":43368,"depth":83,"text":43369},{"id":43549,"depth":83,"text":43550},{"id":43661,"depth":83,"text":43662},{"id":43818,"depth":83,"text":44431},"When id() is useful",{"id":44029,"depth":83,"text":44433},"When not to use id()",{"id":20412,"depth":83,"text":20413},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":44437},[44438,44440,44442,44444,44446],{"id":44335,"depth":109,"text":44439},"What does Python id() return?",{"id":44344,"depth":109,"text":44441},"Is id() the same as a memory address?",{"id":44353,"depth":109,"text":44443},"Should I use id() to compare two values?",{"id":44369,"depth":109,"text":44445},"Why do two variables sometimes have the same id()?",{"id":44378,"depth":109,"text":44447},"Why do equal lists have different id() values?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python id function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained",{"title":43088,"description":44449},"reference\u002Fpython-id-function-explained","urpvIG90OiBF3OAxMd-CGWa-9xnfjJsWk0ZM8U_FOZA",{"id":44456,"title":41802,"body":44457,"description":46096,"extension":1587,"meta":46097,"navigation":420,"path":46098,"seo":46099,"stem":46100,"__hash__":46101},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":44458,"toc":46062},[44459,44464,44469,44472,44474,44517,44522,44525,44530,44535,44538,44554,44556,44600,44602,44629,44631,44646,44648,44650,44652,44668,44670,44682,44685,44719,44722,44747,44752,44754,44759,44763,44766,44768,44816,44818,44851,44857,44868,44870,44922,44924,44955,44957,44961,44965,45008,45014,45020,45072,45080,45085,45089,45180,45182,45215,45218,45220,45280,45282,45308,45318,45320,45324,45329,45334,45336,45373,45375,45394,45397,45401,45404,45460,45472,45481,45483,45510,45518,45525,45529,45532,45569,45572,45578,45615,45617,45621,45627,45645,45649,45697,45701,45790,45793,45800,45802,45804,45809,45827,45829,45872,45878,45895,45897,45959,45961,45963,45969,45977,45983,45989,45998,46008,46012,46020,46022,46024,46059],[10,44460,3202,44462,3206],{"id":44461},"python-input-function-explained",[15,44463,2580],{},[20,44465,1604,44466,44468],{},[15,44467,2580],{}," function lets your Python program receive text from the user.",[20,44470,44471],{},"It is one of the most common beginner tools in Python because it makes programs interactive. You can use it to ask for a name, an age, a number, or any other value the user types.",[134,44473,1629],{"id":1628},[30,44475,44477],{"className":32,"code":44476,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(\"Hello, \" + name)\n",[15,44478,44479,44498],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44480,44481,44483,44485,44487,44489,44491,44494,44496],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44482,7493],{"class":45},[39,44484,50],{"class":49},[39,44486,7858],{"class":112},[39,44488,101],{"class":53},[39,44490,244],{"class":243},[39,44492,44493],{"class":247},"Enter your name: ",[39,44495,244],{"class":243},[39,44497,80],{"class":53},[39,44499,44500,44502,44504,44506,44509,44511,44513,44515],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44501,113],{"class":112},[39,44503,101],{"class":53},[39,44505,244],{"class":243},[39,44507,44508],{"class":247},"Hello, ",[39,44510,244],{"class":243},[39,44512,2077],{"class":49},[39,44514,35606],{"class":97},[39,44516,80],{"class":53},[20,44518,128,44519,44521],{},[15,44520,2580],{}," to get text from the user. It always returns a string.",[44523,44524],"hr",{},[134,44526,137,44528,140],{"id":44527},"what-input-does",[15,44529,2580],{},[20,44531,44532,44534],{},[15,44533,2580],{}," pauses the program and waits for the user to type something.",[20,44536,44537],{},"Here is what happens:",[147,44539,44540,44545,44548,44551],{},[150,44541,44542,44544],{},[15,44543,2580],{}," waits for the user to type",[150,44546,44547],{},"It reads text from the keyboard",[150,44549,44550],{},"It returns the typed value as a string",[150,44552,44553],{},"The program continues after the user presses Enter",[20,44555,515],{},[30,44557,44559],{"className":32,"code":44558,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\nprint(\"Your favorite color is\", color)\n",[15,44560,44561,44581],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44562,44563,44566,44568,44570,44572,44574,44577,44579],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44564,44565],{"class":45},"color ",[39,44567,50],{"class":49},[39,44569,7858],{"class":112},[39,44571,101],{"class":53},[39,44573,244],{"class":243},[39,44575,44576],{"class":247},"What is your favorite color? ",[39,44578,244],{"class":243},[39,44580,80],{"class":53},[39,44582,44583,44585,44587,44589,44592,44594,44596,44598],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44584,113],{"class":112},[39,44586,101],{"class":53},[39,44588,244],{"class":243},[39,44590,44591],{"class":247},"Your favorite color is",[39,44593,244],{"class":243},[39,44595,61],{"class":53},[39,44597,35465],{"class":97},[39,44599,80],{"class":53},[20,44601,29642],{},[30,44603,44605],{"className":32,"code":44604,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"What is your favorite color? blue\nYour favorite color is blue\n",[15,44606,44607,44620],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44608,44609,44611,44613,44616,44618],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44610,137],{"class":45},[39,44612,11805],{"class":49},[39,44614,44615],{"class":45}," your favorite color",[39,44617,929],{"class":36979},[39,44619,35495],{"class":45},[39,44621,44622,44625,44627],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44623,44624],{"class":45},"Your favorite color ",[39,44626,11805],{"class":49},[39,44628,35495],{"class":45},[20,44630,335],{},[147,44632,44633,44638,44643],{},[150,44634,44635,44636],{},"The prompt is ",[15,44637,44576],{},[150,44639,44640,44641],{},"The user's answer is stored in ",[15,44642,32505],{},[150,44644,44645],{},"That value is then printed",[44523,44647],{},[134,44649,1781],{"id":1780},[20,44651,6834],{},[30,44653,44655],{"className":32,"code":44654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"input(prompt)\n",[15,44656,44657],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44658,44659,44661,44663,44666],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44660,42070],{"class":112},[39,44662,101],{"class":53},[39,44664,44665],{"class":97},"prompt",[39,44667,80],{"class":53},[20,44669,11071],{},[147,44671,44672,44676,44679],{},[150,44673,1604,44674,19651],{},[15,44675,44665],{},[150,44677,44678],{},"The prompt appears before the user types",[150,44680,44681],{},"You usually store the result in a variable",[20,44683,44684],{},"Example with a prompt:",[30,44686,44688],{"className":32,"code":44687,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"username = input(\"Enter your username: \")\nprint(username)\n",[15,44689,44690,44709],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44691,44692,44694,44696,44698,44700,44702,44705,44707],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44693,7578],{"class":45},[39,44695,50],{"class":49},[39,44697,7858],{"class":112},[39,44699,101],{"class":53},[39,44701,244],{"class":243},[39,44703,44704],{"class":247},"Enter your username: ",[39,44706,244],{"class":243},[39,44708,80],{"class":53},[39,44710,44711,44713,44715,44717],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44712,113],{"class":112},[39,44714,101],{"class":53},[39,44716,7602],{"class":97},[39,44718,80],{"class":53},[20,44720,44721],{},"Example without a prompt:",[30,44723,44725],{"className":32,"code":44724,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input()\nprint(value)\n",[15,44726,44727,44737],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44728,44729,44731,44733,44735],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44730,2070],{"class":45},[39,44732,50],{"class":49},[39,44734,7858],{"class":112},[39,44736,8257],{"class":53},[39,44738,44739,44741,44743,44745],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44740,113],{"class":112},[39,44742,101],{"class":53},[39,44744,155],{"class":97},[39,44746,80],{"class":53},[20,44748,7380,44749,44751],{},[15,44750,2580],{}," without a prompt, but a clear prompt is usually better. It helps the user know what to enter.",[44523,44753],{},[134,44755,137,44757,11317],{"id":44756},"what-input-returns",[15,44758,2580],{},[20,44760,44761,7841],{},[15,44762,2580],{},[20,44764,44765],{},"That is true even if the user types a number.",[20,44767,515],{},[30,44769,44771],{"className":32,"code":44770,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = input(\"Enter your age: \")\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44772,44773,44792,44802],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44774,44775,44777,44779,44781,44783,44785,44788,44790],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44776,21240],{"class":45},[39,44778,50],{"class":49},[39,44780,7858],{"class":112},[39,44782,101],{"class":53},[39,44784,244],{"class":243},[39,44786,44787],{"class":247},"Enter your age: ",[39,44789,244],{"class":243},[39,44791,80],{"class":53},[39,44793,44794,44796,44798,44800],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44795,113],{"class":112},[39,44797,101],{"class":53},[39,44799,8911],{"class":97},[39,44801,80],{"class":53},[39,44803,44804,44806,44808,44810,44812,44814],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,44805,113],{"class":112},[39,44807,101],{"class":53},[39,44809,2845],{"class":2523},[39,44811,101],{"class":53},[39,44813,8911],{"class":97},[39,44815,1026],{"class":53},[20,44817,29642],{},[30,44819,44821],{"className":32,"code":44820,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,44822,44823,44833,44837],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44824,44825,44828,44830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44826,44827],{"class":45},"Enter your age",[39,44829,145],{"class":53},[39,44831,44832],{"class":57}," 25\n",[39,44834,44835],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44836,2331],{"class":57},[39,44838,44839,44841,44843,44845,44847,44849],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,44840,2914],{"class":49},[39,44842,2917],{"class":1689},[39,44844,2920],{"class":243},[39,44846,3069],{"class":247},[39,44848,629],{"class":243},[39,44850,2927],{"class":49},[20,44852,44853,44854,44856],{},"Even though the user typed ",[15,44855,8806],{},", Python treats it as text.",[20,44858,44859,44860,177,44864,94],{},"If you need a number, convert it with ",[173,44861,44862],{"href":2496},[15,44863,2499],{},[173,44865,44866],{"href":2502},[15,44867,2505],{},[20,44869,515],{},[30,44871,44873],{"className":32,"code":44872,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\n",[15,44874,44875,44898,44908],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44876,44877,44879,44881,44884,44886,44888,44890,44892,44894,44896],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44878,21240],{"class":45},[39,44880,50],{"class":49},[39,44882,44883],{"class":2523}," int",[39,44885,101],{"class":53},[39,44887,42070],{"class":112},[39,44889,101],{"class":53},[39,44891,244],{"class":243},[39,44893,44787],{"class":247},[39,44895,244],{"class":243},[39,44897,1026],{"class":53},[39,44899,44900,44902,44904,44906],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44901,113],{"class":112},[39,44903,101],{"class":53},[39,44905,8911],{"class":97},[39,44907,80],{"class":53},[39,44909,44910,44912,44914,44916,44918,44920],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,44911,113],{"class":112},[39,44913,101],{"class":53},[39,44915,2845],{"class":2523},[39,44917,101],{"class":53},[39,44919,8911],{"class":97},[39,44921,1026],{"class":53},[20,44923,29642],{},[30,44925,44927],{"className":32,"code":44926,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Enter your age: 25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,44928,44929,44937,44941],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44930,44931,44933,44935],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44932,44827],{"class":45},[39,44934,145],{"class":53},[39,44936,44832],{"class":57},[39,44938,44939],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44940,2331],{"class":57},[39,44942,44943,44945,44947,44949,44951,44953],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,44944,2914],{"class":49},[39,44946,2917],{"class":1689},[39,44948,2920],{"class":243},[39,44950,1813],{"class":247},[39,44952,629],{"class":243},[39,44954,2927],{"class":49},[44523,44956],{},[134,44958,44960],{"id":44959},"simple-examples-beginners-need","Simple examples beginners need",[223,44962,44964],{"id":44963},"ask-for-a-name-and-print-it","Ask for a name and print it",[30,44966,44968],{"className":32,"code":44967,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = input(\"What is your name? \")\nprint(\"Hello,\", name)\n",[15,44969,44970,44989],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,44971,44972,44974,44976,44978,44980,44982,44985,44987],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,44973,7493],{"class":45},[39,44975,50],{"class":49},[39,44977,7858],{"class":112},[39,44979,101],{"class":53},[39,44981,244],{"class":243},[39,44983,44984],{"class":247},"What is your name? ",[39,44986,244],{"class":243},[39,44988,80],{"class":53},[39,44990,44991,44993,44995,44997,45000,45002,45004,45006],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,44992,113],{"class":112},[39,44994,101],{"class":53},[39,44996,244],{"class":243},[39,44998,44999],{"class":247},"Hello,",[39,45001,244],{"class":243},[39,45003,61],{"class":53},[39,45005,35606],{"class":97},[39,45007,80],{"class":53},[20,45009,45010,45011,45013],{},"This stores the user's answer in ",[15,45012,7285],{}," and prints it.",[223,45015,45017,45018],{"id":45016},"ask-for-age-and-convert-it-with-int","Ask for age and convert it with ",[15,45019,2499],{},[30,45021,45023],{"className":32,"code":45022,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = int(input(\"How old are you? \"))\nprint(\"Next year you will be\", age + 1)\n",[15,45024,45025,45048],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45026,45027,45029,45031,45033,45035,45037,45039,45041,45044,45046],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45028,21240],{"class":45},[39,45030,50],{"class":49},[39,45032,44883],{"class":2523},[39,45034,101],{"class":53},[39,45036,42070],{"class":112},[39,45038,101],{"class":53},[39,45040,244],{"class":243},[39,45042,45043],{"class":247},"How old are you? ",[39,45045,244],{"class":243},[39,45047,1026],{"class":53},[39,45049,45050,45052,45054,45056,45059,45061,45063,45066,45068,45070],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45051,113],{"class":112},[39,45053,101],{"class":53},[39,45055,244],{"class":243},[39,45057,45058],{"class":247},"Next year you will be",[39,45060,244],{"class":243},[39,45062,61],{"class":53},[39,45064,45065],{"class":97}," age ",[39,45067,1684],{"class":49},[39,45069,595],{"class":57},[39,45071,80],{"class":53},[20,45073,5675,45074,45076,45077,45079],{},[15,45075,2499],{}," converts the text from ",[15,45078,2580],{}," into a whole number.",[20,45081,45082,45083,94],{},"If you want more help with this step, see ",[173,45084,8593],{"href":8592},[223,45086,45088],{"id":45087},"ask-for-two-numbers-and-add-them-after-conversion","Ask for two numbers and add them after conversion",[30,45090,45092],{"className":32,"code":45091,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"num1 = int(input(\"Enter the first number: \"))\nnum2 = int(input(\"Enter the second number: \"))\ntotal = num1 + num2\n\nprint(\"Total:\", total)\n",[15,45093,45094,45118,45142,45156,45160],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45095,45096,45099,45101,45103,45105,45107,45109,45111,45114,45116],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45097,45098],{"class":45},"num1 ",[39,45100,50],{"class":49},[39,45102,44883],{"class":2523},[39,45104,101],{"class":53},[39,45106,42070],{"class":112},[39,45108,101],{"class":53},[39,45110,244],{"class":243},[39,45112,45113],{"class":247},"Enter the first number: ",[39,45115,244],{"class":243},[39,45117,1026],{"class":53},[39,45119,45120,45123,45125,45127,45129,45131,45133,45135,45138,45140],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45121,45122],{"class":45},"num2 ",[39,45124,50],{"class":49},[39,45126,44883],{"class":2523},[39,45128,101],{"class":53},[39,45130,42070],{"class":112},[39,45132,101],{"class":53},[39,45134,244],{"class":243},[39,45136,45137],{"class":247},"Enter the second number: ",[39,45139,244],{"class":243},[39,45141,1026],{"class":53},[39,45143,45144,45146,45148,45151,45153],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,45145,40792],{"class":45},[39,45147,50],{"class":49},[39,45149,45150],{"class":45}," num1 ",[39,45152,1684],{"class":49},[39,45154,45155],{"class":45}," num2\n",[39,45157,45158],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,45159,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,45161,45162,45164,45166,45168,45171,45173,45175,45178],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,45163,113],{"class":112},[39,45165,101],{"class":53},[39,45167,244],{"class":243},[39,45169,45170],{"class":247},"Total:",[39,45172,244],{"class":243},[39,45174,61],{"class":53},[39,45176,45177],{"class":97}," total",[39,45179,80],{"class":53},[20,45181,29642],{},[30,45183,45185],{"className":32,"code":45184,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\nTotal: 5\n",[15,45186,45187,45197,45206],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45188,45189,45192,45194],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45190,45191],{"class":45},"Enter the first number",[39,45193,145],{"class":53},[39,45195,45196],{"class":57}," 2\n",[39,45198,45199,45202,45204],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45200,45201],{"class":45},"Enter the second number",[39,45203,145],{"class":53},[39,45205,2199],{"class":57},[39,45207,45208,45211,45213],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,45209,45210],{"class":45},"Total",[39,45212,145],{"class":53},[39,45214,34457],{"class":57},[20,45216,45217],{},"If you skip the conversion, Python joins the values as strings instead of adding them as numbers.",[20,45219,515],{},[30,45221,45223],{"className":32,"code":45222,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"num1 = input(\"Enter the first number: \")\nnum2 = input(\"Enter the second number: \")\n\nprint(num1 + num2)\n",[15,45224,45225,45243,45261,45265],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45226,45227,45229,45231,45233,45235,45237,45239,45241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45228,45098],{"class":45},[39,45230,50],{"class":49},[39,45232,7858],{"class":112},[39,45234,101],{"class":53},[39,45236,244],{"class":243},[39,45238,45113],{"class":247},[39,45240,244],{"class":243},[39,45242,80],{"class":53},[39,45244,45245,45247,45249,45251,45253,45255,45257,45259],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45246,45122],{"class":45},[39,45248,50],{"class":49},[39,45250,7858],{"class":112},[39,45252,101],{"class":53},[39,45254,244],{"class":243},[39,45256,45137],{"class":247},[39,45258,244],{"class":243},[39,45260,80],{"class":53},[39,45262,45263],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,45264,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,45266,45267,45269,45271,45273,45275,45278],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,45268,113],{"class":112},[39,45270,101],{"class":53},[39,45272,45098],{"class":97},[39,45274,1684],{"class":49},[39,45276,45277],{"class":97}," num2",[39,45279,80],{"class":53},[20,45281,29642],{},[30,45283,45285],{"className":32,"code":45284,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Enter the first number: 2\nEnter the second number: 3\n23\n",[15,45286,45287,45295,45303],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45288,45289,45291,45293],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45290,45191],{"class":45},[39,45292,145],{"class":53},[39,45294,45196],{"class":57},[39,45296,45297,45299,45301],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45298,45201],{"class":45},[39,45300,145],{"class":53},[39,45302,2199],{"class":57},[39,45304,45305],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,45306,45307],{"class":57},"23\n",[20,45309,45310,45311,45314,45315,94],{},"That happens because ",[15,45312,45313],{},"\"2\" + \"3\""," creates ",[15,45316,45317],{},"\"23\"",[44523,45319],{},[134,45321,45323],{"id":45322},"common-beginner-problems","Common beginner problems",[20,45325,45326,45327,94],{},"Beginners often run into the same few issues with ",[15,45328,2580],{},[223,45330,4328,45332,41151],{"id":45331},"forgetting-that-input-returns-a-string",[15,45333,2580],{},[20,45335,38809],{},[30,45337,45339],{"className":32,"code":45338,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,45340,45341,45359],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45342,45343,45345,45347,45349,45351,45353,45355,45357],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45344,2070],{"class":45},[39,45346,50],{"class":49},[39,45348,7858],{"class":112},[39,45350,101],{"class":53},[39,45352,244],{"class":243},[39,45354,41480],{"class":247},[39,45356,244],{"class":243},[39,45358,80],{"class":53},[39,45360,45361,45363,45365,45367,45369,45371],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45362,113],{"class":112},[39,45364,101],{"class":53},[39,45366,2845],{"class":2523},[39,45368,101],{"class":53},[39,45370,155],{"class":97},[39,45372,1026],{"class":53},[20,45374,458],{},[30,45376,45378],{"className":32,"code":45377,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,45379,45380],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45381,45382,45384,45386,45388,45390,45392],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45383,2914],{"class":49},[39,45385,2917],{"class":1689},[39,45387,2920],{"class":243},[39,45389,3069],{"class":247},[39,45391,629],{"class":243},[39,45393,2927],{"class":49},[20,45395,45396],{},"If you need a number, convert it first.",[223,45398,45400],{"id":45399},"trying-to-add-numbers-without-converting-them","Trying to add numbers without converting them",[20,45402,45403],{},"This gives string joining, not math.",[30,45405,45407],{"className":32,"code":45406,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nb = input(\"Enter another number: \")\nprint(a + b)\n",[15,45408,45409,45427,45446],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45410,45411,45413,45415,45417,45419,45421,45423,45425],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45412,2176],{"class":45},[39,45414,50],{"class":49},[39,45416,7858],{"class":112},[39,45418,101],{"class":53},[39,45420,244],{"class":243},[39,45422,41480],{"class":247},[39,45424,244],{"class":243},[39,45426,80],{"class":53},[39,45428,45429,45431,45433,45435,45437,45439,45442,45444],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45430,2204],{"class":45},[39,45432,50],{"class":49},[39,45434,7858],{"class":112},[39,45436,101],{"class":53},[39,45438,244],{"class":243},[39,45440,45441],{"class":247},"Enter another number: ",[39,45443,244],{"class":243},[39,45445,80],{"class":53},[39,45447,45448,45450,45452,45454,45456,45458],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,45449,113],{"class":112},[39,45451,101],{"class":53},[39,45453,2176],{"class":97},[39,45455,1684],{"class":49},[39,45457,2181],{"class":97},[39,45459,80],{"class":53},[20,45461,40730,45462,796,45464,45466,45467,18576,45470,94],{},[15,45463,1333],{},[15,45465,1376],{},", the result is ",[15,45468,45469],{},"45",[15,45471,1767],{},[223,45473,45475,45476,45478,45479],{"id":45474},"getting-valueerror-when-converting-invalid-text-to-int","Getting ",[15,45477,40315],{}," when converting invalid text to ",[15,45480,2499],{},[20,45482,515],{},[30,45484,45486],{"className":32,"code":45485,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n",[15,45487,45488],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45489,45490,45492,45494,45496,45498,45500,45502,45504,45506,45508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45491,21240],{"class":45},[39,45493,50],{"class":49},[39,45495,44883],{"class":2523},[39,45497,101],{"class":53},[39,45499,42070],{"class":112},[39,45501,101],{"class":53},[39,45503,244],{"class":243},[39,45505,44787],{"class":247},[39,45507,244],{"class":243},[39,45509,1026],{"class":53},[20,45511,7887,45512,45515,45516,94],{},[15,45513,45514],{},"ten",", Python raises a ",[15,45517,40315],{},[20,45519,45520,45521,94],{},"If you see this problem, read ",[173,45522,45524],{"href":45523},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-invalid-literal-for-int-with-base-10-fix\u002F","ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10",[223,45526,45528],{"id":45527},"leaving-extra-spaces-in-user-input","Leaving extra spaces in user input",[20,45530,45531],{},"Users sometimes type extra spaces before or after their answer.",[30,45533,45535],{"className":32,"code":45534,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \")\nprint(repr(name))\n",[15,45536,45537,45555],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45538,45539,45541,45543,45545,45547,45549,45551,45553],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45540,7493],{"class":45},[39,45542,50],{"class":49},[39,45544,7858],{"class":112},[39,45546,101],{"class":53},[39,45548,244],{"class":243},[39,45550,44493],{"class":247},[39,45552,244],{"class":243},[39,45554,80],{"class":53},[39,45556,45557,45559,45561,45563,45565,45567],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45558,113],{"class":112},[39,45560,101],{"class":53},[39,45562,41388],{"class":112},[39,45564,101],{"class":53},[39,45566,7285],{"class":97},[39,45568,1026],{"class":53},[20,45570,45571],{},"If the user enters spaces, those spaces become part of the string.",[20,45573,45574,45575,145],{},"You can remove them with ",[15,45576,45577],{},".strip()",[30,45579,45581],{"className":32,"code":45580,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = input(\"Enter your name: \").strip()\nprint(name)\n",[15,45582,45583,45605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45584,45585,45587,45589,45591,45593,45595,45597,45599,45601,45603],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45586,7493],{"class":45},[39,45588,50],{"class":49},[39,45590,7858],{"class":112},[39,45592,101],{"class":53},[39,45594,244],{"class":243},[39,45596,44493],{"class":247},[39,45598,244],{"class":243},[39,45600,8245],{"class":53},[39,45602,8248],{"class":97},[39,45604,8257],{"class":53},[39,45606,45607,45609,45611,45613],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45608,113],{"class":112},[39,45610,101],{"class":53},[39,45612,7285],{"class":97},[39,45614,80],{"class":53},[44523,45616],{},[134,45618,45620],{"id":45619},"helpful-tips","Helpful tips",[20,45622,45623,45624,45626],{},"These habits make ",[15,45625,2580],{}," easier and safer to use.",[147,45628,45629,45632,45637,45640],{},[150,45630,45631],{},"Use clear prompts so users know what to enter",[150,45633,128,45634,45636],{},[15,45635,45577],{}," to remove extra spaces when needed",[150,45638,45639],{},"Validate input before using it in larger programs",[150,45641,128,45642,45644],{},[15,45643,29394],{}," when converting input to numbers",[20,45646,1315,45647,145],{},[15,45648,45577],{},[30,45650,45652],{"className":32,"code":45651,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"city = input(\"Enter your city: \").strip()\nprint(\"City:\", city)\n",[15,45653,45654,45678],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45655,45656,45659,45661,45663,45665,45667,45670,45672,45674,45676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45657,45658],{"class":45},"city ",[39,45660,50],{"class":49},[39,45662,7858],{"class":112},[39,45664,101],{"class":53},[39,45666,244],{"class":243},[39,45668,45669],{"class":247},"Enter your city: ",[39,45671,244],{"class":243},[39,45673,8245],{"class":53},[39,45675,8248],{"class":97},[39,45677,8257],{"class":53},[39,45679,45680,45682,45684,45686,45689,45691,45693,45695],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45681,113],{"class":112},[39,45683,101],{"class":53},[39,45685,244],{"class":243},[39,45687,45688],{"class":247},"City:",[39,45690,244],{"class":243},[39,45692,61],{"class":53},[39,45694,30998],{"class":97},[39,45696,80],{"class":53},[20,45698,1315,45699,145],{},[15,45700,29394],{},[30,45702,45704],{"className":32,"code":45703,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"try:\n    age = int(input(\"Enter your age: \"))\n    print(\"You will be\", age + 1, \"next year\")\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Please enter a whole number.\")\n",[15,45705,45706,45712,45735,45767,45775],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45707,45708,45710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45709,29416],{"class":572},[39,45711,598],{"class":53},[39,45713,45714,45717,45719,45721,45723,45725,45727,45729,45731,45733],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45715,45716],{"class":45},"    age ",[39,45718,50],{"class":49},[39,45720,44883],{"class":2523},[39,45722,101],{"class":53},[39,45724,42070],{"class":112},[39,45726,101],{"class":53},[39,45728,244],{"class":243},[39,45730,44787],{"class":247},[39,45732,244],{"class":243},[39,45734,1026],{"class":53},[39,45736,45737,45739,45741,45743,45746,45748,45750,45752,45754,45756,45758,45760,45763,45765],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,45738,603],{"class":112},[39,45740,101],{"class":53},[39,45742,244],{"class":243},[39,45744,45745],{"class":247},"You will be",[39,45747,244],{"class":243},[39,45749,61],{"class":53},[39,45751,45065],{"class":97},[39,45753,1684],{"class":49},[39,45755,595],{"class":57},[39,45757,61],{"class":53},[39,45759,255],{"class":243},[39,45761,45762],{"class":247},"next year",[39,45764,244],{"class":243},[39,45766,80],{"class":53},[39,45768,45769,45771,45773],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,45770,29447],{"class":572},[39,45772,41535],{"class":2523},[39,45774,598],{"class":53},[39,45776,45777,45779,45781,45783,45786,45788],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,45778,603],{"class":112},[39,45780,101],{"class":53},[39,45782,244],{"class":243},[39,45784,45785],{"class":247},"Please enter a whole number.",[39,45787,244],{"class":243},[39,45789,80],{"class":53},[20,45791,45792],{},"This prevents the program from crashing when the user enters invalid text.",[20,45794,45795,45796,94],{},"If you are new to interactive programs, see ",[173,45797,45799],{"href":45798},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-user-input-in-python\u002F","how to get user input in Python",[44523,45801],{},[134,45803,944],{"id":943},[20,45805,45806,45807,145],{},"These are the most common causes of problems when using ",[15,45808,2580],{},[147,45810,45811,45818,45821,45824],{},[150,45812,45813,45814,177,45816],{},"Treating user input as a number without using ",[15,45815,2499],{},[15,45817,2505],{},[150,45819,45820],{},"Concatenating strings and numbers together incorrectly",[150,45822,45823],{},"Entering non-numeric text when the program expects a number",[150,45825,45826],{},"Assuming pressing Enter gives a number instead of an empty string",[20,45828,31696],{},[30,45830,45832],{"className":32,"code":45831,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45833,45834,45844,45858],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45835,45836,45838,45840,45842],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45837,113],{"class":112},[39,45839,101],{"class":53},[39,45841,155],{"class":97},[39,45843,80],{"class":53},[39,45845,45846,45848,45850,45852,45854,45856],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45847,113],{"class":112},[39,45849,101],{"class":53},[39,45851,2845],{"class":2523},[39,45853,101],{"class":53},[39,45855,155],{"class":97},[39,45857,1026],{"class":53},[39,45859,45860,45862,45864,45866,45868,45870],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,45861,113],{"class":112},[39,45863,101],{"class":53},[39,45865,41388],{"class":112},[39,45867,101],{"class":53},[39,45869,155],{"class":97},[39,45871,1026],{"class":53},[20,45873,45874,45875,45877],{},"These help you inspect what ",[15,45876,2580],{}," actually returned:",[147,45879,45880,45885,45890],{},[150,45881,45882,45884],{},[15,45883,41436],{}," shows the value",[150,45886,45887,45889],{},[15,45888,41442],{}," shows the data type",[150,45891,45892,45894],{},[15,45893,41447],{}," shows hidden spaces and special characters",[20,45896,515],{},[30,45898,45900],{"className":32,"code":45899,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,45901,45902,45921,45931,45945],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,45903,45904,45906,45908,45910,45912,45914,45917,45919],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,45905,2070],{"class":45},[39,45907,50],{"class":49},[39,45909,7858],{"class":112},[39,45911,101],{"class":53},[39,45913,244],{"class":243},[39,45915,45916],{"class":247},"Enter something: ",[39,45918,244],{"class":243},[39,45920,80],{"class":53},[39,45922,45923,45925,45927,45929],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,45924,113],{"class":112},[39,45926,101],{"class":53},[39,45928,155],{"class":97},[39,45930,80],{"class":53},[39,45932,45933,45935,45937,45939,45941,45943],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,45934,113],{"class":112},[39,45936,101],{"class":53},[39,45938,2845],{"class":2523},[39,45940,101],{"class":53},[39,45942,155],{"class":97},[39,45944,1026],{"class":53},[39,45946,45947,45949,45951,45953,45955,45957],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,45948,113],{"class":112},[39,45950,101],{"class":53},[39,45952,41388],{"class":112},[39,45954,101],{"class":53},[39,45956,155],{"class":97},[39,45958,1026],{"class":53},[44523,45960],{},[134,45962,1454],{"id":1453},[223,45964,1468,45966,45968],{"id":45965},"does-input-return-an-integer",[15,45967,2580],{}," return an integer?",[20,45970,45971,45972,45974,45975,39540],{},"No. ",[15,45973,2580],{}," always returns a string. Convert it with ",[15,45976,2499],{},[223,45978,45980,45981,929],{"id":45979},"is-the-prompt-required-in-input","Is the prompt required in ",[15,45982,2580],{},[20,45984,45985,45986,45988],{},"No. You can call ",[15,45987,2580],{}," with no prompt, but prompts help users know what to type.",[223,45990,922,45992,45995,45996,929],{"id":45991},"why-does-2-3-not-work-correctly-with-input",[15,45993,45994],{},"2 + 3"," not work correctly with ",[15,45997,2580],{},[20,45999,28673,46000,46002,46003,41764,46005,46007],{},[15,46001,2580],{}," returns strings. ",[15,46004,45313],{},[15,46006,45317],{}," unless you convert both values to numbers.",[223,46009,46011],{"id":46010},"how-do-i-remove-spaces-from-input","How do I remove spaces from input?",[20,46013,128,46014,46016,46017,94],{},[15,46015,45577],{}," on the returned string, such as ",[15,46018,46019],{},"input(\"Name: \").strip()",[44523,46021],{},[134,46023,1514],{"id":1513},[147,46025,46026,46031,46035,46041,46047,46051],{},[150,46027,46028],{},[173,46029,46030],{"href":45798},"How to get user input in Python",[150,46032,46033],{},[173,46034,8670],{"href":8592},[150,46036,46037],{},[173,46038,3202,46039,3135],{"href":2496},[15,46040,2499],{},[150,46042,46043],{},[173,46044,3202,46045,3135],{"href":2502},[15,46046,2505],{},[150,46048,46049],{},[173,46050,45524],{"href":45523},[150,46052,46053],{},[173,46054,3202,46056,3135],{"href":46055},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained\u002F",[15,46057,46058],{},"print()",[1550,46060,46061],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":46063},[46064,46065,46067,46068,46070,46076,46084,46085,46086,46095],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":44527,"depth":83,"text":46066},"What input() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":44756,"depth":83,"text":46069},"What input() returns",{"id":44959,"depth":83,"text":44960,"children":46071},[46072,46073,46075],{"id":44963,"depth":109,"text":44964},{"id":45016,"depth":109,"text":46074},"Ask for age and convert it with int()",{"id":45087,"depth":109,"text":45088},{"id":45322,"depth":83,"text":45323,"children":46077},[46078,46080,46081,46083],{"id":45331,"depth":109,"text":46079},"Forgetting that input() returns a string",{"id":45399,"depth":109,"text":45400},{"id":45474,"depth":109,"text":46082},"Getting ValueError when converting invalid text to int()",{"id":45527,"depth":109,"text":45528},{"id":45619,"depth":83,"text":45620},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":46087},[46088,46090,46092,46094],{"id":45965,"depth":109,"text":46089},"Does input() return an integer?",{"id":45979,"depth":109,"text":46091},"Is the prompt required in input()?",{"id":45991,"depth":109,"text":46093},"Why does 2 + 3 not work correctly with input()?",{"id":46010,"depth":109,"text":46011},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python input function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained",{"title":41802,"description":46096},"reference\u002Fpython-input-function-explained","mgCYTLqY7_xdXYb-uIqvqqWNrZiPlmc9q8zaEr1fEyw",{"id":46103,"title":41705,"body":46104,"description":48416,"extension":1587,"meta":48417,"navigation":420,"path":48418,"seo":48419,"stem":48420,"__hash__":48421},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":46105,"toc":48368},[46106,46111,46116,46121,46142,46145,46147,46207,46209,46227,46232,46237,46242,46244,46257,46259,46342,46344,46385,46391,46393,46423,46429,46432,46449,46451,46503,46505,46523,46529,46535,46538,46556,46558,46631,46633,46652,46659,46665,46670,46673,46733,46735,46754,46757,46760,46775,46781,46785,46846,46848,46869,46873,47002,47004,47134,47144,47150,47156,47164,47230,47232,47257,47260,47277,47290,47296,47299,47332,47334,47347,47350,47393,47395,47403,47410,47414,47421,47425,47452,47454,47462,47468,47485,47490,47494,47521,47523,47531,47535,47540,47543,47569,47572,47581,47589,47593,47603,47607,47610,47612,47663,47665,47695,47705,47732,47734,47742,47752,47756,47759,47761,47809,47811,47855,47861,47912,47914,47933,47938,47943,47946,47965,47968,48020,48022,48031,48033,48037,48041,48044,48053,48060,48062,48089,48093,48095,48104,48107,48114,48120,48180,48184,48186,48194,48197,48223,48229,48232,48252,48254,48263,48271,48273,48279,48284,48291,48301,48307,48315,48319,48322,48324,48365],[10,46107,3202,46109,3206],{"id":46108},"python-int-function-explained",[15,46110,2499],{},[20,46112,31931,46113,46115],{},[15,46114,2499],{}," function converts a value into an integer.",[20,46117,646,46118,46120],{},[15,46119,2499],{}," when they want to:",[147,46122,46123,46133,46136,46139],{},[150,46124,46125,46126,46129,46130],{},"turn text like ",[15,46127,46128],{},"\"42\""," into the number ",[15,46131,46132],{},"42",[150,46134,46135],{},"convert user input into a whole number",[150,46137,46138],{},"remove the decimal part from a float",[150,46140,46141],{},"read numbers written in binary or hexadecimal",[20,46143,46144],{},"It is a built-in function, so you can use it directly without importing anything.",[134,46146,1629],{"id":1628},[30,46148,46150],{"className":32,"code":46149,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"42\"))\nprint(int(3.9))\nprint(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,46151,46152,46170,46184],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46153,46154,46156,46158,46160,46162,46164,46166,46168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46155,113],{"class":112},[39,46157,101],{"class":53},[39,46159,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46161,101],{"class":53},[39,46163,244],{"class":243},[39,46165,46132],{"class":247},[39,46167,244],{"class":243},[39,46169,1026],{"class":53},[39,46171,46172,46174,46176,46178,46180,46182],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46173,113],{"class":112},[39,46175,101],{"class":53},[39,46177,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46179,101],{"class":53},[39,46181,41593],{"class":57},[39,46183,1026],{"class":53},[39,46185,46186,46188,46190,46192,46194,46196,46199,46201,46203,46205],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46187,113],{"class":112},[39,46189,101],{"class":53},[39,46191,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46193,101],{"class":53},[39,46195,244],{"class":243},[39,46197,46198],{"class":247},"101",[39,46200,244],{"class":243},[39,46202,61],{"class":53},[39,46204,64],{"class":57},[39,46206,1026],{"class":53},[20,46208,458],{},[30,46210,46212],{"className":32,"code":46211,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"42\n3\n5\n",[15,46213,46214,46219,46223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46215,46216],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46217,46218],{"class":57},"42\n",[39,46220,46221],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46222,461],{"class":57},[39,46224,46225],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46226,2569],{"class":57},[20,46228,128,46229,46231],{},[15,46230,2499],{}," to convert a number-like value to an integer. Strings must contain a valid whole number unless you also provide a base.",[134,46233,137,46235,140],{"id":46234},"what-int-does",[15,46236,2499],{},[20,46238,46239,46241],{},[15,46240,2499],{}," converts a value into an integer.",[20,46243,12664],{},[147,46245,46246,46251,46254],{},[150,46247,46248,46249,6956],{},"It can turn strings, floats, and booleans into ",[15,46250,1813],{},[150,46252,46253],{},"It returns a new integer value.",[150,46255,46256],{},"It does not change the original object.",[20,46258,515],{},[30,46260,46262],{"className":32,"code":46261,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"25\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(number)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,46263,46264,46276,46290,46294,46304,46314,46328],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46265,46266,46268,46270,46272,46274],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46267,34302],{"class":45},[39,46269,50],{"class":49},[39,46271,255],{"class":243},[39,46273,8806],{"class":247},[39,46275,2983],{"class":243},[39,46277,46278,46280,46282,46284,46286,46288],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46279,1842],{"class":45},[39,46281,50],{"class":49},[39,46283,44883],{"class":2523},[39,46285,101],{"class":53},[39,46287,34323],{"class":97},[39,46289,80],{"class":53},[39,46291,46292],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46293,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,46295,46296,46298,46300,46302],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,46297,113],{"class":112},[39,46299,101],{"class":53},[39,46301,34323],{"class":97},[39,46303,80],{"class":53},[39,46305,46306,46308,46310,46312],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,46307,113],{"class":112},[39,46309,101],{"class":53},[39,46311,1864],{"class":97},[39,46313,80],{"class":53},[39,46315,46316,46318,46320,46322,46324,46326],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,46317,113],{"class":112},[39,46319,101],{"class":53},[39,46321,2845],{"class":2523},[39,46323,101],{"class":53},[39,46325,34323],{"class":97},[39,46327,1026],{"class":53},[39,46329,46330,46332,46334,46336,46338,46340],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,46331,113],{"class":112},[39,46333,101],{"class":53},[39,46335,2845],{"class":2523},[39,46337,101],{"class":53},[39,46339,1864],{"class":97},[39,46341,1026],{"class":53},[20,46343,458],{},[30,46345,46347],{"className":32,"code":46346,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"25\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,46348,46349,46353,46357,46371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46350,46351],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46352,2331],{"class":57},[39,46354,46355],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46356,2331],{"class":57},[39,46358,46359,46361,46363,46365,46367,46369],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46360,2914],{"class":49},[39,46362,2917],{"class":1689},[39,46364,2920],{"class":243},[39,46366,3069],{"class":247},[39,46368,629],{"class":243},[39,46370,2927],{"class":49},[39,46372,46373,46375,46377,46379,46381,46383],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,46374,2914],{"class":49},[39,46376,2917],{"class":1689},[39,46378,2920],{"class":243},[39,46380,1813],{"class":247},[39,46382,629],{"class":243},[39,46384,2927],{"class":49},[20,46386,46387,46388,46390],{},"The original string stays a string. ",[15,46389,2499],{}," creates a new integer from it.",[134,46392,1781],{"id":1780},[30,46394,46396],{"className":32,"code":46395,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"int(x)\nint(x, base)\n",[15,46397,46398,46408],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46399,46400,46402,46404,46406],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46401,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46403,101],{"class":53},[39,46405,1798],{"class":97},[39,46407,80],{"class":53},[39,46409,46410,46412,46414,46416,46418,46421],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46411,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46413,101],{"class":53},[39,46415,1798],{"class":97},[39,46417,61],{"class":53},[39,46419,46420],{"class":97}," base",[39,46422,80],{"class":53},[223,46424,46426],{"id":46425},"intx",[15,46427,46428],{},"int(x)",[20,46430,46431],{},"Use this form when you want to convert a value like:",[147,46433,46434,46439,46444],{},[150,46435,46436,46437],{},"a string such as ",[15,46438,41735],{},[150,46440,46441,46442],{},"a float such as ",[15,46443,41593],{},[150,46445,46446,46447],{},"a boolean such as ",[15,46448,939],{},[20,46450,515],{},[30,46452,46454],{"className":32,"code":46453,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"10\"))\nprint(int(8.7))\nprint(int(True))\n",[15,46455,46456,46474,46489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46457,46458,46460,46462,46464,46466,46468,46470,46472],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46459,113],{"class":112},[39,46461,101],{"class":53},[39,46463,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46465,101],{"class":53},[39,46467,244],{"class":243},[39,46469,682],{"class":247},[39,46471,244],{"class":243},[39,46473,1026],{"class":53},[39,46475,46476,46478,46480,46482,46484,46487],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46477,113],{"class":112},[39,46479,101],{"class":53},[39,46481,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46483,101],{"class":53},[39,46485,46486],{"class":57},"8.7",[39,46488,1026],{"class":53},[39,46490,46491,46493,46495,46497,46499,46501],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46492,113],{"class":112},[39,46494,101],{"class":53},[39,46496,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46498,101],{"class":53},[39,46500,939],{"class":3477},[39,46502,1026],{"class":53},[20,46504,458],{},[30,46506,46508],{"className":32,"code":46507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n8\n1\n",[15,46509,46510,46514,46518],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46511,46512],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46513,2000],{"class":57},[39,46515,46516],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46517,2005],{"class":57},[39,46519,46520],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46521,46522],{"class":57},"1\n",[223,46524,46526],{"id":46525},"intx-base",[15,46527,46528],{},"int(x, base)",[20,46530,46531,46532,46534],{},"Use this form when ",[15,46533,1798],{}," is a string that represents a number in another base.",[20,46536,46537],{},"Common bases:",[147,46539,46540,46545,46550],{},[150,46541,46542,46544],{},[15,46543,104],{}," for binary",[150,46546,46547,46549],{},[15,46548,1969],{}," for octal",[150,46551,46552,46555],{},[15,46553,46554],{},"16"," for hexadecimal",[20,46557,515],{},[30,46559,46561],{"className":32,"code":46560,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\nprint(int(\"17\", 8))\nprint(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,46562,46563,46585,46608],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46564,46565,46567,46569,46571,46573,46575,46577,46579,46581,46583],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46566,113],{"class":112},[39,46568,101],{"class":53},[39,46570,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46572,101],{"class":53},[39,46574,244],{"class":243},[39,46576,46198],{"class":247},[39,46578,244],{"class":243},[39,46580,61],{"class":53},[39,46582,64],{"class":57},[39,46584,1026],{"class":53},[39,46586,46587,46589,46591,46593,46595,46597,46600,46602,46604,46606],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46588,113],{"class":112},[39,46590,101],{"class":53},[39,46592,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46594,101],{"class":53},[39,46596,244],{"class":243},[39,46598,46599],{"class":247},"17",[39,46601,244],{"class":243},[39,46603,61],{"class":53},[39,46605,5975],{"class":57},[39,46607,1026],{"class":53},[39,46609,46610,46612,46614,46616,46618,46620,46623,46625,46627,46629],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46611,113],{"class":112},[39,46613,101],{"class":53},[39,46615,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46617,101],{"class":53},[39,46619,244],{"class":243},[39,46621,46622],{"class":247},"1A",[39,46624,244],{"class":243},[39,46626,61],{"class":53},[39,46628,13598],{"class":57},[39,46630,1026],{"class":53},[20,46632,458],{},[30,46634,46636],{"className":32,"code":46635,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5\n15\n26\n",[15,46637,46638,46642,46647],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46639,46640],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46641,2569],{"class":57},[39,46643,46644],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46645,46646],{"class":57},"15\n",[39,46648,46649],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46650,46651],{"class":57},"26\n",[20,46653,46654,46655,94],{},"If you want to compare integer conversion with decimal conversion, see the ",[173,46656,46657,1927],{"href":2502},[15,46658,2505],{},[134,46660,948,46662,46664],{"id":46661},"using-int-with-strings",[15,46663,2499],{}," with strings",[20,46666,46667,46669],{},[15,46668,2499],{}," works with strings that contain a valid integer.",[20,46671,46672],{},"Examples that work:",[30,46674,46676],{"className":32,"code":46675,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"5\"))\nprint(int(\"-12\"))\nprint(int(\"  42  \"))\n",[15,46677,46678,46696,46714],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46679,46680,46682,46684,46686,46688,46690,46692,46694],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46681,113],{"class":112},[39,46683,101],{"class":53},[39,46685,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46687,101],{"class":53},[39,46689,244],{"class":243},[39,46691,1376],{"class":247},[39,46693,244],{"class":243},[39,46695,1026],{"class":53},[39,46697,46698,46700,46702,46704,46706,46708,46710,46712],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46699,113],{"class":112},[39,46701,101],{"class":53},[39,46703,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46705,101],{"class":53},[39,46707,244],{"class":243},[39,46709,1916],{"class":247},[39,46711,244],{"class":243},[39,46713,1026],{"class":53},[39,46715,46716,46718,46720,46722,46724,46726,46729,46731],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46717,113],{"class":112},[39,46719,101],{"class":53},[39,46721,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46723,101],{"class":53},[39,46725,244],{"class":243},[39,46727,46728],{"class":247},"  42  ",[39,46730,244],{"class":243},[39,46732,1026],{"class":53},[20,46734,458],{},[30,46736,46738],{"className":32,"code":46737,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5\n-12\n42\n",[15,46739,46740,46744,46750],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46741,46742],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46743,2569],{"class":57},[39,46745,46746,46748],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46747,1648],{"class":49},[39,46749,1850],{"class":57},[39,46751,46752],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46753,46218],{"class":57},[20,46755,46756],{},"This works because each string contains valid whole-number text. Leading and trailing spaces are usually allowed.",[20,46758,46759],{},"Examples that fail:",[30,46761,46763],{"className":32,"code":46762,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[15,46764,46765,46770],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46766,46767],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46768,46769],{"class":124},"# print(int(\"3.14\"))\n",[39,46771,46772],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46773,46774],{"class":124},"# print(int(\"12abc\"))\n",[20,46776,46777,46778,46780],{},"These raise ",[15,46779,40315],{}," because the strings are not valid integer text.",[223,46782,46784],{"id":46783},"valid-string-examples","Valid string examples",[30,46786,46788],{"className":32,"code":46787,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"0\"))\nprint(int(\"+7\"))\nprint(int(\"-100\"))\n",[15,46789,46790,46808,46827],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46791,46792,46794,46796,46798,46800,46802,46804,46806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46793,113],{"class":112},[39,46795,101],{"class":53},[39,46797,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46799,101],{"class":53},[39,46801,244],{"class":243},[39,46803,221],{"class":247},[39,46805,244],{"class":243},[39,46807,1026],{"class":53},[39,46809,46810,46812,46814,46816,46818,46820,46823,46825],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46811,113],{"class":112},[39,46813,101],{"class":53},[39,46815,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46817,101],{"class":53},[39,46819,244],{"class":243},[39,46821,46822],{"class":247},"+7",[39,46824,244],{"class":243},[39,46826,1026],{"class":53},[39,46828,46829,46831,46833,46835,46837,46839,46842,46844],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46830,113],{"class":112},[39,46832,101],{"class":53},[39,46834,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46836,101],{"class":53},[39,46838,244],{"class":243},[39,46840,46841],{"class":247},"-100",[39,46843,244],{"class":243},[39,46845,1026],{"class":53},[20,46847,458],{},[30,46849,46851],{"className":32,"code":46850,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0\n7\n-100\n",[15,46852,46853,46858,46862],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46854,46855],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46856,46857],{"class":57},"0\n",[39,46859,46860],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46861,1704],{"class":57},[39,46863,46864,46866],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46865,1648],{"class":49},[39,46867,46868],{"class":57},"100\n",[223,46870,46872],{"id":46871},"invalid-string-examples","Invalid string examples",[30,46874,46876],{"className":32,"code":46875,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"3.14\", \"12abc\", \"\", \"seven\"]\n\nfor value in values:\n    try:\n        print(int(value))\n    except ValueError as error:\n        print(f\"{value!r} -> {error}\")\n",[15,46877,46878,46916,46920,46932,46939,46954,46969],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,46879,46880,46882,46884,46886,46888,46890,46892,46894,46896,46899,46901,46903,46905,46907,46909,46912,46914],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,46881,812],{"class":45},[39,46883,50],{"class":49},[39,46885,3249],{"class":53},[39,46887,244],{"class":243},[39,46889,39754],{"class":247},[39,46891,244],{"class":243},[39,46893,61],{"class":53},[39,46895,255],{"class":243},[39,46897,46898],{"class":247},"12abc",[39,46900,244],{"class":243},[39,46902,61],{"class":53},[39,46904,5741],{"class":243},[39,46906,61],{"class":53},[39,46908,255],{"class":243},[39,46910,46911],{"class":247},"seven",[39,46913,244],{"class":243},[39,46915,3262],{"class":53},[39,46917,46918],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,46919,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,46921,46922,46924,46926,46928,46930],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,46923,5574],{"class":572},[39,46925,21196],{"class":45},[39,46927,1128],{"class":572},[39,46929,3510],{"class":45},[39,46931,598],{"class":53},[39,46933,46934,46937],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,46935,46936],{"class":572},"    try",[39,46938,598],{"class":53},[39,46940,46941,46944,46946,46948,46950,46952],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,46942,46943],{"class":112},"        print",[39,46945,101],{"class":53},[39,46947,1813],{"class":2523},[39,46949,101],{"class":53},[39,46951,155],{"class":97},[39,46953,1026],{"class":53},[39,46955,46956,46959,46961,46964,46967],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,46957,46958],{"class":572},"    except",[39,46960,41535],{"class":2523},[39,46962,46963],{"class":572}," as",[39,46965,46966],{"class":45}," error",[39,46968,598],{"class":53},[39,46970,46971,46973,46975,46977,46979,46981,46983,46986,46988,46991,46993,46996,46998,47000],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,46972,46943],{"class":112},[39,46974,101],{"class":53},[39,46976,21906],{"class":1689},[39,46978,244],{"class":247},[39,46980,8890],{"class":57},[39,46982,155],{"class":97},[39,46984,46985],{"class":1689},"!r",[39,46987,21915],{"class":57},[39,46989,46990],{"class":247}," -> ",[39,46992,8890],{"class":57},[39,46994,46995],{"class":97},"error",[39,46997,21915],{"class":57},[39,46999,244],{"class":247},[39,47001,80],{"class":53},[20,47003,458],{},[30,47005,47007],{"className":32,"code":47006,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"'3.14' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n'12abc' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: '12abc'\n'' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: ''\n'seven' -> invalid literal for int() with base 10: 'seven'\n",[15,47008,47009,47045,47077,47102],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47010,47011,47013,47015,47017,47020,47023,47025,47027,47029,47032,47035,47037,47039,47041,47043],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47012,629],{"class":42936},[39,47014,39754],{"class":42940},[39,47016,629],{"class":42936},[39,47018,47019],{"class":36979}," ->",[39,47021,47022],{"class":45}," invalid literal ",[39,47024,5574],{"class":572},[39,47026,44883],{"class":2523},[39,47028,6982],{"class":53},[39,47030,47031],{"class":572}," with",[39,47033,47034],{"class":45}," base ",[39,47036,682],{"class":57},[39,47038,145],{"class":53},[39,47040,2920],{"class":243},[39,47042,39754],{"class":247},[39,47044,29312],{"class":243},[39,47046,47047,47049,47051,47053,47055,47057,47059,47061,47063,47065,47067,47069,47071,47073,47075],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47048,629],{"class":243},[39,47050,46898],{"class":247},[39,47052,629],{"class":243},[39,47054,47019],{"class":36979},[39,47056,47022],{"class":45},[39,47058,5574],{"class":572},[39,47060,44883],{"class":2523},[39,47062,6982],{"class":53},[39,47064,47031],{"class":572},[39,47066,47034],{"class":45},[39,47068,682],{"class":57},[39,47070,145],{"class":53},[39,47072,2920],{"class":243},[39,47074,46898],{"class":247},[39,47076,29312],{"class":243},[39,47078,47079,47081,47083,47085,47087,47089,47091,47093,47095,47097,47099],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,47080,3398],{"class":243},[39,47082,47019],{"class":36979},[39,47084,47022],{"class":45},[39,47086,5574],{"class":572},[39,47088,44883],{"class":2523},[39,47090,6982],{"class":53},[39,47092,47031],{"class":572},[39,47094,47034],{"class":45},[39,47096,682],{"class":57},[39,47098,145],{"class":53},[39,47100,47101],{"class":243}," ''\n",[39,47103,47104,47106,47108,47110,47112,47114,47116,47118,47120,47122,47124,47126,47128,47130,47132],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,47105,629],{"class":243},[39,47107,46911],{"class":247},[39,47109,629],{"class":243},[39,47111,47019],{"class":36979},[39,47113,47022],{"class":45},[39,47115,5574],{"class":572},[39,47117,44883],{"class":2523},[39,47119,6982],{"class":53},[39,47121,47031],{"class":572},[39,47123,47034],{"class":45},[39,47125,682],{"class":57},[39,47127,145],{"class":53},[39,47129,2920],{"class":243},[39,47131,46911],{"class":247},[39,47133,29312],{"class":243},[20,47135,47136,47137,47139,47140,94],{},"If you are working with user input, see ",[173,47138,8593],{"href":8592}," and the ",[173,47141,47142,1927],{"href":7835},[15,47143,2580],{},[134,47145,948,47147,47149],{"id":47146},"using-int-with-floats",[15,47148,2499],{}," with floats",[20,47151,47152,47153,47155],{},"When you pass a float to ",[15,47154,2499],{},", Python removes the decimal part.",[20,47157,47158,47159,13664,47161,47163],{},"Important: ",[15,47160,2499],{},[3367,47162,4254],{}," round. It truncates toward zero.",[30,47165,47167],{"className":32,"code":47166,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(3.9))\nprint(int(3.1))\nprint(int(-3.9))\nprint(int(-3.1))\n",[15,47168,47169,47183,47198,47214],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47170,47171,47173,47175,47177,47179,47181],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47172,113],{"class":112},[39,47174,101],{"class":53},[39,47176,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47178,101],{"class":53},[39,47180,41593],{"class":57},[39,47182,1026],{"class":53},[39,47184,47185,47187,47189,47191,47193,47196],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47186,113],{"class":112},[39,47188,101],{"class":53},[39,47190,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47192,101],{"class":53},[39,47194,47195],{"class":57},"3.1",[39,47197,1026],{"class":53},[39,47199,47200,47202,47204,47206,47208,47210,47212],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,47201,113],{"class":112},[39,47203,101],{"class":53},[39,47205,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47207,101],{"class":53},[39,47209,1648],{"class":49},[39,47211,41593],{"class":57},[39,47213,1026],{"class":53},[39,47215,47216,47218,47220,47222,47224,47226,47228],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,47217,113],{"class":112},[39,47219,101],{"class":53},[39,47221,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47223,101],{"class":53},[39,47225,1648],{"class":49},[39,47227,47195],{"class":57},[39,47229,1026],{"class":53},[20,47231,458],{},[30,47233,47235],{"className":32,"code":47234,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n3\n-3\n-3\n",[15,47236,47237,47241,47245,47251],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47238,47239],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47240,461],{"class":57},[39,47242,47243],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47244,461],{"class":57},[39,47246,47247,47249],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,47248,1648],{"class":49},[39,47250,461],{"class":57},[39,47252,47253,47255],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,47254,1648],{"class":49},[39,47256,461],{"class":57},[20,47258,47259],{},"This behavior matters with negative numbers.",[147,47261,47262,47269],{},[150,47263,47264,41764,47267],{},[15,47265,47266],{},"int(3.9)",[15,47268,479],{},[150,47270,47271,41764,47274],{},[15,47272,47273],{},"int(-3.9)",[15,47275,47276],{},"-3",[20,47278,47279,47280,47284,47285,94],{},"If you want decimal conversion instead, use ",[173,47281,47282],{"href":2502},[15,47283,2505],{},". If you want text conversion, use ",[173,47286,47287],{"href":41783},[15,47288,47289],{},"str()",[134,47291,948,47293,47295],{"id":47292},"using-int-with-booleans",[15,47294,2499],{}," with booleans",[20,47297,47298],{},"Booleans can also be converted to integers.",[30,47300,47302],{"className":32,"code":47301,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(True))\nprint(int(False))\n",[15,47303,47304,47318],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47305,47306,47308,47310,47312,47314,47316],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47307,113],{"class":112},[39,47309,101],{"class":53},[39,47311,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47313,101],{"class":53},[39,47315,939],{"class":3477},[39,47317,1026],{"class":53},[39,47319,47320,47322,47324,47326,47328,47330],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47321,113],{"class":112},[39,47323,101],{"class":53},[39,47325,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47327,101],{"class":53},[39,47329,1038],{"class":3477},[39,47331,1026],{"class":53},[20,47333,458],{},[30,47335,47337],{"className":32,"code":47336,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1\n0\n",[15,47338,47339,47343],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47340,47341],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47342,46522],{"class":57},[39,47344,47345],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47346,46857],{"class":57},[20,47348,47349],{},"This can be useful in simple counting logic:",[30,47351,47353],{"className":32,"code":47352,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"passed = True\ntotal = int(passed)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,47354,47355,47364,47379,47383],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47356,47357,47360,47362],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47358,47359],{"class":45},"passed ",[39,47361,50],{"class":49},[39,47363,6038],{"class":3477},[39,47365,47366,47368,47370,47372,47374,47377],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47367,40792],{"class":45},[39,47369,50],{"class":49},[39,47371,44883],{"class":2523},[39,47373,101],{"class":53},[39,47375,47376],{"class":97},"passed",[39,47378,80],{"class":53},[39,47380,47381],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,47382,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,47384,47385,47387,47389,47391],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,47386,113],{"class":112},[39,47388,101],{"class":53},[39,47390,40821],{"class":97},[39,47392,80],{"class":53},[20,47394,458],{},[30,47396,47397],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47398,47399],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47400,47401],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47402,46522],{"class":57},[20,47404,47405,47406,94],{},"If you want to learn more about boolean values, see the ",[173,47407,47408,1927],{"href":5396},[15,47409,3438],{},[134,47411,47413],{"id":47412},"using-the-base-argument","Using the base argument",[20,47415,47416,47417,47420],{},"Use the ",[15,47418,47419],{},"base"," argument when a string represents a number in a different number system.",[223,47422,47424],{"id":47423},"binary-example","Binary example",[30,47426,47428],{"className":32,"code":47427,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"101\", 2))\n",[15,47429,47430],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47431,47432,47434,47436,47438,47440,47442,47444,47446,47448,47450],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47433,113],{"class":112},[39,47435,101],{"class":53},[39,47437,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47439,101],{"class":53},[39,47441,244],{"class":243},[39,47443,46198],{"class":247},[39,47445,244],{"class":243},[39,47447,61],{"class":53},[39,47449,64],{"class":57},[39,47451,1026],{"class":53},[20,47453,458],{},[30,47455,47456],{"className":32,"code":2569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47457,47458],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47459,47460],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47461,2569],{"class":57},[20,47463,47464,47467],{},[15,47465,47466],{},"\"101\""," in binary means:",[147,47469,47470,47475,47480],{},[150,47471,47472],{},[15,47473,47474],{},"1 × 4",[150,47476,47477],{},[15,47478,47479],{},"0 × 2",[150,47481,47482],{},[15,47483,47484],{},"1 × 1",[20,47486,47487,47488,94],{},"So the result is ",[15,47489,1376],{},[223,47491,47493],{"id":47492},"hexadecimal-example","Hexadecimal example",[30,47495,47497],{"className":32,"code":47496,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(\"1A\", 16))\n",[15,47498,47499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47500,47501,47503,47505,47507,47509,47511,47513,47515,47517,47519],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47502,113],{"class":112},[39,47504,101],{"class":53},[39,47506,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47508,101],{"class":53},[39,47510,244],{"class":243},[39,47512,46622],{"class":247},[39,47514,244],{"class":243},[39,47516,61],{"class":53},[39,47518,13598],{"class":57},[39,47520,1026],{"class":53},[20,47522,458],{},[30,47524,47525],{"className":32,"code":46651,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47526,47527],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47528,47529],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47530,46651],{"class":57},[223,47532,47534],{"id":47533},"important-rule","Important rule",[20,47536,1604,47537,47539],{},[15,47538,47419],{}," argument is for string-like input, not normal numeric values.",[20,47541,47542],{},"Good:",[30,47544,47545],{"className":32,"code":47427,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47546,47547],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47548,47549,47551,47553,47555,47557,47559,47561,47563,47565,47567],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47550,113],{"class":112},[39,47552,101],{"class":53},[39,47554,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47556,101],{"class":53},[39,47558,244],{"class":243},[39,47560,46198],{"class":247},[39,47562,244],{"class":243},[39,47564,61],{"class":53},[39,47566,64],{"class":57},[39,47568,1026],{"class":53},[20,47570,47571],{},"Not correct:",[30,47573,47575],{"className":32,"code":47574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# int(101, 2)\n",[15,47576,47577],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47578,47579],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47580,47574],{"class":124},[20,47582,47583,47584,8215,47586,47588],{},"That causes a ",[15,47585,2627],{},[15,47587,47419],{}," should not be used with a normal integer value.",[134,47590,47592],{"id":47591},"what-errors-can-happen","What errors can happen",[20,47594,47595,47596,47598,47599,796,47601,94],{},"Two common errors with ",[15,47597,2499],{}," are ",[15,47600,40315],{},[15,47602,2627],{},[223,47604,47605],{"id":41122},[15,47606,40315],{},[20,47608,47609],{},"This happens when a string is not a valid integer.",[20,47611,515],{},[30,47613,47615],{"className":32,"code":47614,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"try:\n    print(int(\"3.14\"))\nexcept ValueError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47616,47617,47623,47641,47653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47618,47619,47621],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47620,29416],{"class":572},[39,47622,598],{"class":53},[39,47624,47625,47627,47629,47631,47633,47635,47637,47639],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47626,603],{"class":112},[39,47628,101],{"class":53},[39,47630,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47632,101],{"class":53},[39,47634,244],{"class":243},[39,47636,39754],{"class":247},[39,47638,244],{"class":243},[39,47640,1026],{"class":53},[39,47642,47643,47645,47647,47649,47651],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,47644,29447],{"class":572},[39,47646,41535],{"class":2523},[39,47648,46963],{"class":572},[39,47650,46966],{"class":45},[39,47652,598],{"class":53},[39,47654,47655,47657,47659,47661],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,47656,603],{"class":112},[39,47658,101],{"class":53},[39,47660,46995],{"class":97},[39,47662,80],{"class":53},[20,47664,458],{},[30,47666,47668],{"className":32,"code":47667,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"invalid literal for int() with base 10: '3.14'\n",[15,47669,47670],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47671,47672,47675,47677,47679,47681,47683,47685,47687,47689,47691,47693],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47673,47674],{"class":45},"invalid literal ",[39,47676,5574],{"class":572},[39,47678,44883],{"class":2523},[39,47680,6982],{"class":53},[39,47682,47031],{"class":572},[39,47684,47034],{"class":45},[39,47686,682],{"class":57},[39,47688,145],{"class":53},[39,47690,2920],{"class":243},[39,47692,39754],{"class":247},[39,47694,29312],{"class":243},[20,47696,47697,47698,47701,47702,47704],{},"A decimal string like ",[15,47699,47700],{},"\"3.14\""," does not work directly with ",[15,47703,2499],{},". You need to convert it to a float first:",[30,47706,47708],{"className":32,"code":47707,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(float(\"3.14\")))\n",[15,47709,47710],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47711,47712,47714,47716,47718,47720,47722,47724,47726,47728,47730],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47713,113],{"class":112},[39,47715,101],{"class":53},[39,47717,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47719,101],{"class":53},[39,47721,1817],{"class":2523},[39,47723,101],{"class":53},[39,47725,244],{"class":243},[39,47727,39754],{"class":247},[39,47729,244],{"class":243},[39,47731,2534],{"class":53},[20,47733,458],{},[30,47735,47736],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,47737,47738],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47739,47740],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47741,461],{"class":57},[20,47743,47744,47745,796,47748,94],{},"If you see this often, read ",[173,47746,47747],{"href":2584},"how to convert string to int in Python",[173,47749,25291,47750],{"href":45523},[15,47751,45524],{},[223,47753,47754],{"id":41188},[15,47755,2627],{},[20,47757,47758],{},"This can happen with unsupported input types.",[20,47760,515],{},[30,47762,47764],{"className":32,"code":47763,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"try:\n    print(int(None))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47765,47766,47772,47786,47799],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47767,47768,47770],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47769,29416],{"class":572},[39,47771,598],{"class":53},[39,47773,47774,47776,47778,47780,47782,47784],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47775,603],{"class":112},[39,47777,101],{"class":53},[39,47779,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47781,101],{"class":53},[39,47783,3403],{"class":3477},[39,47785,1026],{"class":53},[39,47787,47788,47790,47793,47795,47797],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,47789,29447],{"class":572},[39,47791,47792],{"class":2523}," TypeError",[39,47794,46963],{"class":572},[39,47796,46966],{"class":45},[39,47798,598],{"class":53},[39,47800,47801,47803,47805,47807],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,47802,603],{"class":112},[39,47804,101],{"class":53},[39,47806,46995],{"class":97},[39,47808,80],{"class":53},[20,47810,458],{},[30,47812,47814],{"className":32,"code":47813,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"int() argument must be a string, a bytes-like object or a real number, not 'NoneType'\n",[15,47815,47816],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47817,47818,47820,47822,47825,47827,47829,47832,47834,47837,47839,47842,47844,47846,47848,47850,47853],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47819,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47821,6982],{"class":53},[39,47823,47824],{"class":45}," argument must be a string",[39,47826,61],{"class":53},[39,47828,44151],{"class":45},[39,47830,47831],{"class":2523},"bytes",[39,47833,1648],{"class":49},[39,47835,47836],{"class":45},"like ",[39,47838,42006],{"class":2523},[39,47840,47841],{"class":49}," or",[39,47843,40451],{"class":45},[39,47845,61],{"class":53},[39,47847,7715],{"class":49},[39,47849,2920],{"class":243},[39,47851,47852],{"class":247},"NoneType",[39,47854,29312],{"class":243},[20,47856,47857,47858,47860],{},"Another example is using the ",[15,47859,47419],{}," argument with a non-string numeric value:",[30,47862,47864],{"className":32,"code":47863,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"try:\n    print(int(101, 2))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,47865,47866,47872,47890,47902],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47867,47868,47870],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47869,29416],{"class":572},[39,47871,598],{"class":53},[39,47873,47874,47876,47878,47880,47882,47884,47886,47888],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47875,603],{"class":112},[39,47877,101],{"class":53},[39,47879,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47881,101],{"class":53},[39,47883,46198],{"class":57},[39,47885,61],{"class":53},[39,47887,64],{"class":57},[39,47889,1026],{"class":53},[39,47891,47892,47894,47896,47898,47900],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,47893,29447],{"class":572},[39,47895,47792],{"class":2523},[39,47897,46963],{"class":572},[39,47899,46966],{"class":45},[39,47901,598],{"class":53},[39,47903,47904,47906,47908,47910],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,47905,603],{"class":112},[39,47907,101],{"class":53},[39,47909,46995],{"class":97},[39,47911,80],{"class":53},[20,47913,458],{},[30,47915,47917],{"className":32,"code":47916,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"int() can't convert non-string with explicit base\n",[15,47918,47919],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47920,47921,47923,47925,47928,47930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47922,1813],{"class":2523},[39,47924,6982],{"class":53},[39,47926,47927],{"class":45}," can",[39,47929,629],{"class":243},[39,47931,47932],{"class":247},"t convert non-string with explicit base\n",[134,47934,4584,47936],{"id":47935},"when-to-use-int",[15,47937,2499],{},[20,47939,128,47940,47942],{},[15,47941,2499],{}," when you need a whole number.",[20,47944,47945],{},"Common uses:",[147,47947,47948,47954,47957,47960],{},[150,47949,47950,47951,47953],{},"Convert user input from ",[15,47952,2580],{}," into integers",[150,47955,47956],{},"Turn float results into integers when truncation is acceptable",[150,47958,47959],{},"Parse numeric strings from files or APIs",[150,47961,47962,47963,36229],{},"Convert binary or hexadecimal strings with the ",[15,47964,47419],{},[20,47966,47967],{},"Example with user input:",[30,47969,47971],{"className":32,"code":47970,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age_text = \"18\"\nage = int(age_text)\n\nprint(age + 1)\n",[15,47972,47973,47987,48002,48006],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,47974,47975,47978,47980,47982,47985],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,47976,47977],{"class":45},"age_text ",[39,47979,50],{"class":49},[39,47981,255],{"class":243},[39,47983,47984],{"class":247},"18",[39,47986,2983],{"class":243},[39,47988,47989,47991,47993,47995,47997,48000],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,47990,21240],{"class":45},[39,47992,50],{"class":49},[39,47994,44883],{"class":2523},[39,47996,101],{"class":53},[39,47998,47999],{"class":97},"age_text",[39,48001,80],{"class":53},[39,48003,48004],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,48005,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,48007,48008,48010,48012,48014,48016,48018],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,48009,113],{"class":112},[39,48011,101],{"class":53},[39,48013,21240],{"class":97},[39,48015,1684],{"class":49},[39,48017,595],{"class":57},[39,48019,80],{"class":53},[20,48021,458],{},[30,48023,48025],{"className":32,"code":48024,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"19\n",[15,48026,48027],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48028,48029],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48030,48024],{"class":57},[134,48032,944],{"id":943},[20,48034,14344,48035,94],{},[15,48036,2499],{},[223,48038,48040],{"id":48039},"passing-a-string-with-decimal-text","Passing a string with decimal text",[20,48042,48043],{},"This fails:",[30,48045,48047],{"className":32,"code":48046,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# int(\"4.5\")\n",[15,48048,48049],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48050,48051],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48052,48046],{"class":124},[20,48054,48055,48056,48059],{},"Why: ",[15,48057,48058],{},"\"4.5\""," is not an integer string.",[20,48061,18453],{},[30,48063,48065],{"className":32,"code":48064,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(float(\"4.5\")))\n",[15,48066,48067],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48068,48069,48071,48073,48075,48077,48079,48081,48083,48085,48087],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48070,113],{"class":112},[39,48072,101],{"class":53},[39,48074,1813],{"class":2523},[39,48076,101],{"class":53},[39,48078,1817],{"class":2523},[39,48080,101],{"class":53},[39,48082,244],{"class":243},[39,48084,40733],{"class":247},[39,48086,244],{"class":243},[39,48088,2534],{"class":53},[223,48090,48092],{"id":48091},"passing-text-with-letters","Passing text with letters",[20,48094,48043],{},[30,48096,48098],{"className":32,"code":48097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# int(\"12abc\")\n",[15,48099,48100],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48101,48102],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48103,48097],{"class":124},[20,48105,48106],{},"Why: the string contains non-numeric characters.",[223,48108,48110,48111],{"id":48109},"trying-intnone","Trying ",[15,48112,48113],{},"int(None)",[20,48115,48116,48117,48119],{},"This fails because ",[15,48118,3403],{}," is not a number or numeric string.",[30,48121,48123],{"className":32,"code":48122,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = None\n\ntry:\n    print(int(value))\nexcept TypeError as error:\n    print(error)\n",[15,48124,48125,48134,48138,48144,48158,48170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48126,48127,48129,48131],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48128,2070],{"class":45},[39,48130,50],{"class":49},[39,48132,48133],{"class":3477}," None\n",[39,48135,48136],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48137,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,48139,48140,48142],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,48141,29416],{"class":572},[39,48143,598],{"class":53},[39,48145,48146,48148,48150,48152,48154,48156],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,48147,603],{"class":112},[39,48149,101],{"class":53},[39,48151,1813],{"class":2523},[39,48153,101],{"class":53},[39,48155,155],{"class":97},[39,48157,1026],{"class":53},[39,48159,48160,48162,48164,48166,48168],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,48161,29447],{"class":572},[39,48163,47792],{"class":2523},[39,48165,46963],{"class":572},[39,48167,46966],{"class":45},[39,48169,598],{"class":53},[39,48171,48172,48174,48176,48178],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,48173,603],{"class":112},[39,48175,101],{"class":53},[39,48177,46995],{"class":97},[39,48179,80],{"class":53},[223,48181,48183],{"id":48182},"using-the-base-argument-with-a-non-string","Using the base argument with a non-string",[20,48185,48043],{},[30,48187,48188],{"className":32,"code":47574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48189,48190],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48191,48192],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48193,47574],{"class":124},[20,48195,48196],{},"Use a string instead:",[30,48198,48199],{"className":32,"code":47427,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48200,48201],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48202,48203,48205,48207,48209,48211,48213,48215,48217,48219,48221],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48204,113],{"class":112},[39,48206,101],{"class":53},[39,48208,1813],{"class":2523},[39,48210,101],{"class":53},[39,48212,244],{"class":243},[39,48214,46198],{"class":247},[39,48216,244],{"class":243},[39,48218,61],{"class":53},[39,48220,64],{"class":57},[39,48222,1026],{"class":53},[223,48224,1030,48226,48228],{"id":48225},"expecting-int-to-round",[15,48227,2499],{}," to round",[20,48230,48231],{},"This is a very common misunderstanding.",[30,48233,48235],{"className":32,"code":48234,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(int(4.9))\n",[15,48236,48237],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48238,48239,48241,48243,48245,48247,48250],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48240,113],{"class":112},[39,48242,101],{"class":53},[39,48244,1813],{"class":2523},[39,48246,101],{"class":53},[39,48248,48249],{"class":57},"4.9",[39,48251,1026],{"class":53},[20,48253,458],{},[30,48255,48257],{"className":32,"code":48256,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4\n",[15,48258,48259],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48260,48261],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48262,48256],{"class":57},[20,48264,2792,48265,48267,48268,48270],{},[15,48266,1376],{},", remember that ",[15,48269,2499],{}," truncates. It does not round.",[134,48272,1454],{"id":1453},[223,48274,1468,48276,48278],{"id":48275},"does-int-round-numbers",[15,48277,2499],{}," round numbers?",[20,48280,45971,48281,48283],{},[15,48282,2499],{}," removes the decimal part. It does not round to the nearest whole number.",[223,48285,922,48287,48290],{"id":48286},"why-does-int314-fail",[15,48288,48289],{},"int(\"3.14\")"," fail?",[20,48292,28673,48293,48295,48296,48298,48299,39540],{},[15,48294,47700],{}," is not an integer string. Convert it with ",[15,48297,2505],{}," first, then use ",[15,48300,2499],{},[223,48302,1458,48304,12327],{"id":48303},"what-does-inttrue-return",[15,48305,48306],{},"int(True)",[20,48308,4768,48309,27925,48311,41764,48313,94],{},[15,48310,58],{},[15,48312,1038],{},[15,48314,221],{},[223,48316,48318],{"id":48317},"when-should-i-use-the-base-argument","When should I use the base argument?",[20,48320,48321],{},"Use it when the input string is written in another base, such as binary or hexadecimal.",[134,48323,1514],{"id":1513},[147,48325,48326,48332,48338,48344,48349,48353,48359],{},[150,48327,48328],{},[173,48329,48330,3135],{"href":2502},[15,48331,2505],{},[150,48333,48334],{},[173,48335,48336,3135],{"href":41783},[15,48337,47289],{},[150,48339,48340],{},[173,48341,48342,3135],{"href":5396},[15,48343,3438],{},[150,48345,48346],{},[173,48347,48348],{"href":2584},"How to convert string to int in Python",[150,48350,48351],{},[173,48352,8670],{"href":8592},[150,48354,48355],{},[173,48356,48357,3135],{"href":7835},[15,48358,2580],{},[150,48360,48361],{},[173,48362,29960,48363],{"href":45523},[15,48364,45524],{},[1550,48366,48367],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":48369},[48370,48371,48373,48377,48382,48384,48386,48391,48395,48397,48406,48415],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":46234,"depth":83,"text":48372},"What int() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":48374},[48375,48376],{"id":46425,"depth":109,"text":46428},{"id":46525,"depth":109,"text":46528},{"id":46661,"depth":83,"text":48378,"children":48379},"Using int() with strings",[48380,48381],{"id":46783,"depth":109,"text":46784},{"id":46871,"depth":109,"text":46872},{"id":47146,"depth":83,"text":48383},"Using int() with floats",{"id":47292,"depth":83,"text":48385},"Using int() with booleans",{"id":47412,"depth":83,"text":47413,"children":48387},[48388,48389,48390],{"id":47423,"depth":109,"text":47424},{"id":47492,"depth":109,"text":47493},{"id":47533,"depth":109,"text":47534},{"id":47591,"depth":83,"text":47592,"children":48392},[48393,48394],{"id":41122,"depth":109,"text":40315},{"id":41188,"depth":109,"text":2627},{"id":47935,"depth":83,"text":48396},"When to use int()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":48398},[48399,48400,48401,48403,48404],{"id":48039,"depth":109,"text":48040},{"id":48091,"depth":109,"text":48092},{"id":48109,"depth":109,"text":48402},"Trying int(None)",{"id":48182,"depth":109,"text":48183},{"id":48225,"depth":109,"text":48405},"Expecting int() to round",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":48407},[48408,48410,48412,48414],{"id":48275,"depth":109,"text":48409},"Does int() round numbers?",{"id":48286,"depth":109,"text":48411},"Why does int(\"3.14\") fail?",{"id":48303,"depth":109,"text":48413},"What does int(True) return?",{"id":48317,"depth":109,"text":48318},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python int function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained",{"title":41705,"description":48416},"reference\u002Fpython-int-function-explained","kWr352mNCnbYYS6Ka2UotgJ1vPfx2o66tzsvdXJo79A",{"id":48423,"title":48424,"body":48425,"description":50261,"extension":1587,"meta":50262,"navigation":420,"path":44409,"seo":50263,"stem":50264,"__hash__":50265},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained.md","Python isinstance() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":48426,"toc":50217},[48427,48432,48437,48445,48454,48456,48515,48521,48526,48531,48534,48562,48565,48568,48579,48589,48591,48593,48613,48617,48645,48647,48686,48688,48696,48698,48701,48705,48758,48760,48772,48776,48833,48835,48847,48853,48859,48863,48866,48869,48935,48937,48949,48955,48957,49009,49012,49053,49056,49063,49072,49078,49081,49114,49120,49123,49154,49160,49163,49175,49179,49184,49188,49346,49348,49363,49366,49370,49474,49476,49493,49497,49558,49560,49568,49571,49575,49642,49644,49653,49659,49661,49670,49672,49707,49712,49714,49744,49748,49750,49787,49790,49792,49829,49835,49837,49887,49889,49897,49907,49913,49917,49922,49971,49973,49986,49989,49991,49994,50069,50072,50091,50094,50124,50134,50136,50141,50148,50154,50160,50167,50175,50181,50184,50186,50214],[10,48428,3202,48430,3206],{"id":48429},"python-isinstance-function-explained",[15,48431,44412],{},[20,48433,48434,48436],{},[15,48435,44412],{}," checks whether a value matches a type.",[20,48438,48439,48440,177,48442,48444],{},"It is a built-in Python function that returns either ",[15,48441,939],{},[15,48443,1038],{},". It is often used before running code that depends on a value being a string, number, list, tuple, or dictionary.",[20,48446,48447,48448,48450,48451,48453],{},"In many cases, ",[15,48449,44412],{}," is a better choice than checking ",[15,48452,1926],{}," directly because it also works with parent and child types.",[134,48455,3235],{"id":3234},[30,48457,48459],{"className":32,"code":48458,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))   # True\nprint(isinstance(value, str))   # False\n",[15,48460,48461,48469,48473,48494],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48462,48463,48465,48467],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48464,2070],{"class":45},[39,48466,50],{"class":49},[39,48468,2209],{"class":57},[39,48470,48471],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48472,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,48474,48475,48477,48479,48482,48484,48486,48488,48490,48492],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,48476,113],{"class":112},[39,48478,101],{"class":53},[39,48480,48481],{"class":112},"isinstance",[39,48483,101],{"class":53},[39,48485,155],{"class":97},[39,48487,61],{"class":53},[39,48489,44883],{"class":2523},[39,48491,303],{"class":53},[39,48493,1367],{"class":124},[39,48495,48496,48498,48500,48502,48504,48506,48508,48511,48513],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,48497,113],{"class":112},[39,48499,101],{"class":53},[39,48501,48481],{"class":112},[39,48503,101],{"class":53},[39,48505,155],{"class":97},[39,48507,61],{"class":53},[39,48509,48510],{"class":2523}," str",[39,48512,303],{"class":53},[39,48514,1385],{"class":124},[20,48516,128,48517,48520],{},[15,48518,48519],{},"isinstance(object, classinfo)"," to check whether a value matches a type or one of its parent types.",[134,48522,137,48524,140],{"id":48523},"what-isinstance-does",[15,48525,44412],{},[20,48527,48528,48530],{},[15,48529,44412],{}," is used to test a value against a type.",[20,48532,48533],{},"It:",[147,48535,48536,48539,48545,48548],{},[150,48537,48538],{},"Checks whether a value is an instance of a type",[150,48540,494,48541,177,48543],{},[15,48542,939],{},[15,48544,1038],{},[150,48546,48547],{},"Helps you safely run type-specific code",[150,48549,48550,48551,1814,48553,1814,48555,1814,48557,16685,48560],{},"Is commonly used with ",[15,48552,3069],{},[15,48554,1813],{},[15,48556,7710],{},[15,48558,48559],{},"tuple",[15,48561,8433],{},[20,48563,48564],{},"This is useful when your code needs to behave differently for different kinds of data.",[20,48566,48567],{},"For example, you might want to:",[147,48569,48570,48573,48576],{},[150,48571,48572],{},"loop through a list",[150,48574,48575],{},"join text only if a value is a string",[150,48577,48578],{},"do math only if a value is a number",[20,48580,48581,48582,177,48585,94],{},"If you need a refresher on Python types, see ",[173,48583,44404],{"href":48584},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-data-types-overview\u002F",[173,48586,48588],{"href":48587},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-data-type-in-python\u002F","what a data type means in Python",[134,48590,1781],{"id":1780},[20,48592,1784],{},[30,48594,48596],{"className":32,"code":48595,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"isinstance(object, classinfo)\n",[15,48597,48598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48599,48600,48602,48604,48606,48608,48611],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48601,48481],{"class":112},[39,48603,101],{"class":53},[39,48605,42006],{"class":2523},[39,48607,61],{"class":53},[39,48609,48610],{"class":97}," classinfo",[39,48612,80],{"class":53},[223,48614,48616],{"id":48615},"parts-of-the-syntax","Parts of the syntax",[147,48618,48619,48624,48638],{},[150,48620,48621,48623],{},[15,48622,42006],{}," is the value you want to test",[150,48625,48626,48629,48630,1814,48632,1814,48634,1818,48636],{},[15,48627,48628],{},"classinfo"," is the type to check against, such as ",[15,48631,1813],{},[15,48633,3069],{},[15,48635,7710],{},[15,48637,8433],{},[150,48639,48640,48641,177,48643],{},"The result is always a Boolean value: ",[15,48642,939],{},[15,48644,1038],{},[20,48646,515],{},[30,48648,48650],{"className":32,"code":48649,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Maya\"\n\nprint(isinstance(name, str))\n",[15,48651,48652,48664,48668],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48653,48654,48656,48658,48660,48662],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48655,7493],{"class":45},[39,48657,50],{"class":49},[39,48659,255],{"class":243},[39,48661,11120],{"class":247},[39,48663,2983],{"class":243},[39,48665,48666],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48667,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,48669,48670,48672,48674,48676,48678,48680,48682,48684],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,48671,113],{"class":112},[39,48673,101],{"class":53},[39,48675,48481],{"class":112},[39,48677,101],{"class":53},[39,48679,7285],{"class":97},[39,48681,61],{"class":53},[39,48683,48510],{"class":2523},[39,48685,1026],{"class":53},[20,48687,458],{},[30,48689,48690],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48691,48692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48693,48694],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48695,3605],{"class":3477},[134,48697,355],{"id":354},[20,48699,48700],{},"Here is a small example that checks one value at a time.",[223,48702,48704],{"id":48703},"check-an-integer","Check an integer",[30,48706,48708],{"className":32,"code":48707,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 25\n\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\n",[15,48709,48710,48718,48722,48740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48711,48712,48714,48716],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48713,2070],{"class":45},[39,48715,50],{"class":49},[39,48717,44832],{"class":57},[39,48719,48720],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48721,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,48723,48724,48726,48728,48730,48732,48734,48736,48738],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,48725,113],{"class":112},[39,48727,101],{"class":53},[39,48729,48481],{"class":112},[39,48731,101],{"class":53},[39,48733,155],{"class":97},[39,48735,61],{"class":53},[39,48737,44883],{"class":2523},[39,48739,1026],{"class":53},[39,48741,48742,48744,48746,48748,48750,48752,48754,48756],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,48743,113],{"class":112},[39,48745,101],{"class":53},[39,48747,48481],{"class":112},[39,48749,101],{"class":53},[39,48751,155],{"class":97},[39,48753,61],{"class":53},[39,48755,48510],{"class":2523},[39,48757,1026],{"class":53},[20,48759,458],{},[30,48761,48762],{"className":32,"code":43780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48763,48764,48768],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48765,48766],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48767,3605],{"class":3477},[39,48769,48770],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48771,3666],{"class":3477},[223,48773,48775],{"id":48774},"check-text","Check text",[30,48777,48779],{"className":32,"code":48778,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(isinstance(text, str))\nprint(isinstance(text, int))\n",[15,48780,48781,48793,48797,48815],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48782,48783,48785,48787,48789,48791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48784,34302],{"class":45},[39,48786,50],{"class":49},[39,48788,255],{"class":243},[39,48790,3470],{"class":247},[39,48792,2983],{"class":243},[39,48794,48795],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48796,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,48798,48799,48801,48803,48805,48807,48809,48811,48813],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,48800,113],{"class":112},[39,48802,101],{"class":53},[39,48804,48481],{"class":112},[39,48806,101],{"class":53},[39,48808,34323],{"class":97},[39,48810,61],{"class":53},[39,48812,48510],{"class":2523},[39,48814,1026],{"class":53},[39,48816,48817,48819,48821,48823,48825,48827,48829,48831],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,48818,113],{"class":112},[39,48820,101],{"class":53},[39,48822,48481],{"class":112},[39,48824,101],{"class":53},[39,48826,34323],{"class":97},[39,48828,61],{"class":53},[39,48830,44883],{"class":2523},[39,48832,1026],{"class":53},[20,48834,458],{},[30,48836,48837],{"className":32,"code":43780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48838,48839,48843],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48840,48841],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48842,3605],{"class":3477},[39,48844,48845],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48846,3666],{"class":3477},[20,48848,48849,48850,48852],{},"In both examples, ",[15,48851,44412],{}," only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[20,48854,48855,48856,94],{},"If you want to change a value from one type to another, that is conversion, not type checking. For example, see ",[173,48857,48858],{"href":2584},"how to convert a string to an integer in Python",[134,48860,48862],{"id":48861},"checking-against-multiple-types","Checking against multiple types",[20,48864,48865],{},"The second argument can be a tuple of types.",[20,48867,48868],{},"This is helpful when more than one type is acceptable.",[30,48870,48872],{"className":32,"code":48871,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(isinstance(value, (str, list)))\n",[15,48873,48874,48883,48887,48911],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48875,48876,48878,48880],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48877,2070],{"class":45},[39,48879,50],{"class":49},[39,48881,48882],{"class":57}," 3.5\n",[39,48884,48885],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48886,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,48888,48889,48891,48893,48895,48897,48899,48901,48903,48905,48907,48909],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,48890,113],{"class":112},[39,48892,101],{"class":53},[39,48894,48481],{"class":112},[39,48896,101],{"class":53},[39,48898,155],{"class":97},[39,48900,61],{"class":53},[39,48902,54],{"class":53},[39,48904,1813],{"class":2523},[39,48906,61],{"class":53},[39,48908,39866],{"class":2523},[39,48910,2534],{"class":53},[39,48912,48913,48915,48917,48919,48921,48923,48925,48927,48929,48931,48933],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,48914,113],{"class":112},[39,48916,101],{"class":53},[39,48918,48481],{"class":112},[39,48920,101],{"class":53},[39,48922,155],{"class":97},[39,48924,61],{"class":53},[39,48926,54],{"class":53},[39,48928,3069],{"class":2523},[39,48930,61],{"class":53},[39,48932,22171],{"class":2523},[39,48934,2534],{"class":53},[20,48936,458],{},[30,48938,48939],{"className":32,"code":43780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,48940,48941,48945],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48942,48943],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48944,3605],{"class":3477},[39,48946,48947],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48948,3666],{"class":3477},[20,48950,48951,48952,48954],{},"This is much cleaner than writing long ",[15,48953,40448],{}," conditions.",[20,48956,7914],{},[30,48958,48960],{"className":32,"code":48959,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(type(value) == int or type(value) == float)\n",[15,48961,48962,48970,48974],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,48963,48964,48966,48968],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,48965,2070],{"class":45},[39,48967,50],{"class":49},[39,48969,48882],{"class":57},[39,48971,48972],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,48973,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,48975,48976,48978,48980,48982,48984,48986,48988,48990,48992,48994,48997,48999,49001,49003,49005,49007],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,48977,113],{"class":112},[39,48979,101],{"class":53},[39,48981,2845],{"class":2523},[39,48983,101],{"class":53},[39,48985,155],{"class":97},[39,48987,121],{"class":53},[39,48989,6023],{"class":49},[39,48991,44883],{"class":2523},[39,48993,47841],{"class":572},[39,48995,48996],{"class":2523}," type",[39,48998,101],{"class":53},[39,49000,155],{"class":97},[39,49002,121],{"class":53},[39,49004,6023],{"class":49},[39,49006,39866],{"class":2523},[39,49008,80],{"class":53},[20,49010,49011],{},"you can write this:",[30,49013,49015],{"className":32,"code":49014,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.5\n\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49016,49017,49025,49029],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49018,49019,49021,49023],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49020,2070],{"class":45},[39,49022,50],{"class":49},[39,49024,48882],{"class":57},[39,49026,49027],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49028,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,49030,49031,49033,49035,49037,49039,49041,49043,49045,49047,49049,49051],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,49032,113],{"class":112},[39,49034,101],{"class":53},[39,49036,48481],{"class":112},[39,49038,101],{"class":53},[39,49040,155],{"class":97},[39,49042,61],{"class":53},[39,49044,54],{"class":53},[39,49046,1813],{"class":2523},[39,49048,61],{"class":53},[39,49050,39866],{"class":2523},[39,49052,2534],{"class":53},[20,49054,49055],{},"A common use case is accepting both integers and decimal numbers as numeric input.",[134,49057,49059,10198,49061],{"id":49058},"isinstance-vs-type",[15,49060,44412],{},[15,49062,1926],{},[20,49064,10203,49065,796,49067,49071],{},[15,49066,44412],{},[173,49068,49069],{"href":1923},[15,49070,1926],{}," are related to types, but they are not the same.",[223,49073,49075],{"id":49074},"typevalue-int",[15,49076,49077],{},"type(value) == int",[20,49079,49080],{},"This checks for one exact type.",[30,49082,49084],{"className":32,"code":49083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\nprint(type(value) == int)\n",[15,49085,49086,49094],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49087,49088,49090,49092],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49089,2070],{"class":45},[39,49091,50],{"class":49},[39,49093,2209],{"class":57},[39,49095,49096,49098,49100,49102,49104,49106,49108,49110,49112],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49097,113],{"class":112},[39,49099,101],{"class":53},[39,49101,2845],{"class":2523},[39,49103,101],{"class":53},[39,49105,155],{"class":97},[39,49107,121],{"class":53},[39,49109,6023],{"class":49},[39,49111,44883],{"class":2523},[39,49113,80],{"class":53},[223,49115,49117],{"id":49116},"isinstancevalue-int",[15,49118,49119],{},"isinstance(value, int)",[20,49121,49122],{},"This checks whether the value matches that type, including inherited types.",[30,49124,49126],{"className":32,"code":49125,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,49127,49128,49136],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49129,49130,49132,49134],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49131,2070],{"class":45},[39,49133,50],{"class":49},[39,49135,2209],{"class":57},[39,49137,49138,49140,49142,49144,49146,49148,49150,49152],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49139,113],{"class":112},[39,49141,101],{"class":53},[39,49143,48481],{"class":112},[39,49145,101],{"class":53},[39,49147,155],{"class":97},[39,49149,61],{"class":53},[39,49151,44883],{"class":2523},[39,49153,1026],{"class":53},[20,49155,49156,49157,49159],{},"For beginners, ",[15,49158,44412],{}," is usually the safer choice when you want to know whether a value can be treated like a certain type.",[20,49161,49162],{},"In everyday code:",[147,49164,49165,49170],{},[150,49166,39601,49167,49169],{},[15,49168,1926],{}," when you need the exact type",[150,49171,39601,49172,49174],{},[15,49173,44412],{}," when you want a practical type check",[134,49176,49178],{"id":49177},"common-real-uses","Common real uses",[20,49180,49181,49182,94],{},"Here are some common beginner-friendly uses for ",[15,49183,44412],{},[223,49185,49187],{"id":49186},"validate-function-inputs","Validate function inputs",[30,49189,49191],{"className":32,"code":49190,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def repeat_text(text, count):\n    if not isinstance(text, str):\n        return \"text must be a string\"\n    \n    if not isinstance(count, int):\n        return \"count must be an integer\"\n    \n    return text * count\n\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", 3))\nprint(repeat_text(\"Hi \", \"3\"))\n",[15,49192,49193,49211,49230,49242,49247,49265,49276,49280,49292,49296,49320],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49194,49195,49197,49200,49202,49204,49206,49209],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49196,34466],{"class":1689},[39,49198,49199],{"class":34469}," repeat_text",[39,49201,101],{"class":53},[39,49203,34323],{"class":37275},[39,49205,61],{"class":53},[39,49207,49208],{"class":37275}," count",[39,49210,7958],{"class":53},[39,49212,49213,49215,49217,49220,49222,49224,49226,49228],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49214,6013],{"class":572},[39,49216,7715],{"class":49},[39,49218,49219],{"class":112}," isinstance",[39,49221,101],{"class":53},[39,49223,34323],{"class":97},[39,49225,61],{"class":53},[39,49227,48510],{"class":2523},[39,49229,7958],{"class":53},[39,49231,49232,49235,49237,49240],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,49233,49234],{"class":572},"        return",[39,49236,255],{"class":243},[39,49238,49239],{"class":247},"text must be a string",[39,49241,2983],{"class":243},[39,49243,49244],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,49245,49246],{"class":45},"    \n",[39,49248,49249,49251,49253,49255,49257,49259,49261,49263],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,49250,6013],{"class":572},[39,49252,7715],{"class":49},[39,49254,49219],{"class":112},[39,49256,101],{"class":53},[39,49258,98],{"class":97},[39,49260,61],{"class":53},[39,49262,44883],{"class":2523},[39,49264,7958],{"class":53},[39,49266,49267,49269,49271,49274],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,49268,49234],{"class":572},[39,49270,255],{"class":243},[39,49272,49273],{"class":247},"count must be an integer",[39,49275,2983],{"class":243},[39,49277,49278],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,49279,49246],{"class":45},[39,49281,49282,49284,49287,49289],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,49283,34477],{"class":572},[39,49285,49286],{"class":45}," text ",[39,49288,39483],{"class":49},[39,49290,49291],{"class":45}," count\n",[39,49293,49294],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,49295,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,49297,49298,49300,49302,49305,49307,49309,49312,49314,49316,49318],{"class":41,"line":6052},[39,49299,113],{"class":112},[39,49301,101],{"class":53},[39,49303,49304],{"class":97},"repeat_text",[39,49306,101],{"class":53},[39,49308,244],{"class":243},[39,49310,49311],{"class":247},"Hi ",[39,49313,244],{"class":243},[39,49315,61],{"class":53},[39,49317,73],{"class":57},[39,49319,1026],{"class":53},[39,49321,49322,49324,49326,49328,49330,49332,49334,49336,49338,49340,49342,49344],{"class":41,"line":11206},[39,49323,113],{"class":112},[39,49325,101],{"class":53},[39,49327,49304],{"class":97},[39,49329,101],{"class":53},[39,49331,244],{"class":243},[39,49333,49311],{"class":247},[39,49335,244],{"class":243},[39,49337,61],{"class":53},[39,49339,255],{"class":243},[39,49341,479],{"class":247},[39,49343,244],{"class":243},[39,49345,1026],{"class":53},[20,49347,458],{},[30,49349,49351],{"className":32,"code":49350,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hi Hi Hi \ncount must be an integer\n",[15,49352,49353,49358],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49354,49355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49356,49357],{"class":45},"Hi Hi Hi \n",[39,49359,49360],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49361,49362],{"class":45},"count must be an integer\n",[20,49364,49365],{},"This can help prevent errors such as unsupported operand type errors.",[223,49367,49369],{"id":49368},"handle-strings-and-lists-differently","Handle strings and lists differently",[30,49371,49373],{"className":32,"code":49372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    print(\"This is text\")\nelif isinstance(value, list):\n    print(\"This is a list\")\n",[15,49374,49375,49407,49411,49427,49442,49459],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49376,49377,49379,49381,49383,49385,49387,49389,49391,49393,49395,49397,49399,49401,49403,49405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49378,2070],{"class":45},[39,49380,50],{"class":49},[39,49382,3249],{"class":53},[39,49384,244],{"class":243},[39,49386,173],{"class":247},[39,49388,244],{"class":243},[39,49390,61],{"class":53},[39,49392,255],{"class":243},[39,49394,1070],{"class":247},[39,49396,244],{"class":243},[39,49398,61],{"class":53},[39,49400,255],{"class":243},[39,49402,9352],{"class":247},[39,49404,244],{"class":243},[39,49406,3262],{"class":53},[39,49408,49409],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49410,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,49412,49413,49415,49417,49419,49421,49423,49425],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,49414,511],{"class":572},[39,49416,49219],{"class":112},[39,49418,101],{"class":53},[39,49420,155],{"class":97},[39,49422,61],{"class":53},[39,49424,48510],{"class":2523},[39,49426,7958],{"class":53},[39,49428,49429,49431,49433,49435,49438,49440],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,49430,603],{"class":112},[39,49432,101],{"class":53},[39,49434,244],{"class":243},[39,49436,49437],{"class":247},"This is text",[39,49439,244],{"class":243},[39,49441,80],{"class":53},[39,49443,49444,49447,49449,49451,49453,49455,49457],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,49445,49446],{"class":572},"elif",[39,49448,49219],{"class":112},[39,49450,101],{"class":53},[39,49452,155],{"class":97},[39,49454,61],{"class":53},[39,49456,22171],{"class":2523},[39,49458,7958],{"class":53},[39,49460,49461,49463,49465,49467,49470,49472],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,49462,603],{"class":112},[39,49464,101],{"class":53},[39,49466,244],{"class":243},[39,49468,49469],{"class":247},"This is a list",[39,49471,244],{"class":243},[39,49473,80],{"class":53},[20,49475,458],{},[30,49477,49479],{"className":32,"code":49478,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"This is a list\n",[15,49480,49481],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49482,49483,49486,49488,49490],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49484,49485],{"class":45},"This ",[39,49487,11805],{"class":49},[39,49489,44151],{"class":45},[39,49491,49492],{"class":2523},"list\n",[223,49494,49496],{"id":49495},"check-data-before-converting","Check data before converting",[30,49498,49500],{"className":32,"code":49499,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"42\"\n\nif isinstance(value, str):\n    number = int(value)\n    print(number)\n",[15,49501,49502,49514,49518,49534,49548],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49503,49504,49506,49508,49510,49512],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49505,2070],{"class":45},[39,49507,50],{"class":49},[39,49509,255],{"class":243},[39,49511,46132],{"class":247},[39,49513,2983],{"class":243},[39,49515,49516],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49517,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,49519,49520,49522,49524,49526,49528,49530,49532],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,49521,511],{"class":572},[39,49523,49219],{"class":112},[39,49525,101],{"class":53},[39,49527,155],{"class":97},[39,49529,61],{"class":53},[39,49531,48510],{"class":2523},[39,49533,7958],{"class":53},[39,49535,49536,49538,49540,49542,49544,49546],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,49537,41499],{"class":45},[39,49539,50],{"class":49},[39,49541,44883],{"class":2523},[39,49543,101],{"class":53},[39,49545,155],{"class":97},[39,49547,80],{"class":53},[39,49549,49550,49552,49554,49556],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,49551,603],{"class":112},[39,49553,101],{"class":53},[39,49555,1864],{"class":97},[39,49557,80],{"class":53},[20,49559,458],{},[30,49561,49562],{"className":32,"code":46218,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,49563,49564],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49565,49566],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49567,46218],{"class":57},[20,49569,49570],{},"This is useful when working with user input, since input often starts as text.",[223,49572,49574],{"id":49573},"prevent-errors-before-using-methods-or-loops","Prevent errors before using methods or loops",[30,49576,49578],{"className":32,"code":49577,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = {\"name\": \"Ana\"}\n\nif isinstance(value, dict):\n    print(value[\"name\"])\n",[15,49579,49580,49604,49608,49624],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49581,49582,49584,49586,49588,49590,49592,49594,49596,49598,49600,49602],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49583,2070],{"class":45},[39,49585,50],{"class":49},[39,49587,10103],{"class":53},[39,49589,244],{"class":243},[39,49591,7285],{"class":247},[39,49593,244],{"class":243},[39,49595,145],{"class":53},[39,49597,255],{"class":243},[39,49599,12492],{"class":247},[39,49601,244],{"class":243},[39,49603,8921],{"class":53},[39,49605,49606],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49607,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,49609,49610,49612,49614,49616,49618,49620,49622],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,49611,511],{"class":572},[39,49613,49219],{"class":112},[39,49615,101],{"class":53},[39,49617,155],{"class":97},[39,49619,61],{"class":53},[39,49621,8783],{"class":2523},[39,49623,7958],{"class":53},[39,49625,49626,49628,49630,49632,49634,49636,49638,49640],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,49627,603],{"class":112},[39,49629,101],{"class":53},[39,49631,155],{"class":97},[39,49633,3525],{"class":53},[39,49635,244],{"class":243},[39,49637,7285],{"class":247},[39,49639,244],{"class":243},[39,49641,3513],{"class":53},[20,49643,458],{},[30,49645,49647],{"className":32,"code":49646,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana\n",[15,49648,49649],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49650,49651],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49652,49646],{"class":45},[20,49654,49655,49656,49658],{},"Checking first can help you avoid confusing ",[15,49657,2627],{}," messages later.",[134,49660,4141],{"id":4140},[223,49662,49664,49665,10705,49668],{"id":49663},"passing-int-instead-of-int","Passing ",[15,49666,49667],{},"\"int\"",[15,49669,1813],{},[20,49671,16256],{},[30,49673,49675],{"className":32,"code":49674,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\nprint(isinstance(value, \"int\"))\n",[15,49676,49677,49685],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49678,49679,49681,49683],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49680,2070],{"class":45},[39,49682,50],{"class":49},[39,49684,2209],{"class":57},[39,49686,49687,49689,49691,49693,49695,49697,49699,49701,49703,49705],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49688,113],{"class":112},[39,49690,101],{"class":53},[39,49692,48481],{"class":112},[39,49694,101],{"class":53},[39,49696,155],{"class":97},[39,49698,61],{"class":53},[39,49700,255],{"class":243},[39,49702,1813],{"class":247},[39,49704,244],{"class":243},[39,49706,1026],{"class":53},[20,49708,49709,49711],{},[15,49710,49667],{}," is a string, not a type.",[20,49713,16268],{},[30,49715,49716],{"className":32,"code":49125,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,49717,49718,49726],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49719,49720,49722,49724],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49721,2070],{"class":45},[39,49723,50],{"class":49},[39,49725,2209],{"class":57},[39,49727,49728,49730,49732,49734,49736,49738,49740,49742],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49729,113],{"class":112},[39,49731,101],{"class":53},[39,49733,48481],{"class":112},[39,49735,101],{"class":53},[39,49737,155],{"class":97},[39,49739,61],{"class":53},[39,49741,44883],{"class":2523},[39,49743,1026],{"class":53},[223,49745,49747],{"id":49746},"using-square-brackets-for-multiple-types","Using square brackets for multiple types",[20,49749,16256],{},[30,49751,49753],{"className":32,"code":49752,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, [int, float]))\n",[15,49754,49755,49763],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49756,49757,49759,49761],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49758,2070],{"class":45},[39,49760,50],{"class":49},[39,49762,34457],{"class":57},[39,49764,49765,49767,49769,49771,49773,49775,49777,49779,49781,49783,49785],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49766,113],{"class":112},[39,49768,101],{"class":53},[39,49770,48481],{"class":112},[39,49772,101],{"class":53},[39,49774,155],{"class":97},[39,49776,61],{"class":53},[39,49778,3249],{"class":53},[39,49780,1813],{"class":2523},[39,49782,61],{"class":53},[39,49784,39866],{"class":2523},[39,49786,2621],{"class":53},[20,49788,49789],{},"The second argument should be a type or a tuple of types.",[20,49791,16268],{},[30,49793,49795],{"className":32,"code":49794,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\n",[15,49796,49797,49805],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49798,49799,49801,49803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49800,2070],{"class":45},[39,49802,50],{"class":49},[39,49804,34457],{"class":57},[39,49806,49807,49809,49811,49813,49815,49817,49819,49821,49823,49825,49827],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49808,113],{"class":112},[39,49810,101],{"class":53},[39,49812,48481],{"class":112},[39,49814,101],{"class":53},[39,49816,155],{"class":97},[39,49818,61],{"class":53},[39,49820,54],{"class":53},[39,49822,1813],{"class":2523},[39,49824,61],{"class":53},[39,49826,39866],{"class":2523},[39,49828,2534],{"class":53},[223,49830,25386,49832,49834],{"id":49831},"thinking-isinstance-converts-a-value",[15,49833,44412],{}," converts a value",[20,49836,18526],{},[30,49838,49840],{"className":32,"code":49839,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"123\"\nresult = isinstance(value, int)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,49841,49842,49855,49873,49877],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49843,49844,49846,49848,49850,49853],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49845,2070],{"class":45},[39,49847,50],{"class":49},[39,49849,255],{"class":243},[39,49851,49852],{"class":247},"123",[39,49854,2983],{"class":243},[39,49856,49857,49859,49861,49863,49865,49867,49869,49871],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49858,86],{"class":45},[39,49860,50],{"class":49},[39,49862,49219],{"class":112},[39,49864,101],{"class":53},[39,49866,155],{"class":97},[39,49868,61],{"class":53},[39,49870,44883],{"class":2523},[39,49872,80],{"class":53},[39,49874,49875],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,49876,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,49878,49879,49881,49883,49885],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,49880,113],{"class":112},[39,49882,101],{"class":53},[39,49884,118],{"class":97},[39,49886,80],{"class":53},[20,49888,458],{},[30,49890,49891],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,49892,49893],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49894,49895],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49896,3666],{"class":3477},[20,49898,49899,49900,49903,49904,49906],{},"This does not convert ",[15,49901,49902],{},"\"123\""," into ",[15,49905,49852],{},". It only checks the type.",[20,49908,49909,49910,6247],{},"If your goal is conversion, use ",[15,49911,49912],{},"int(value)",[223,49914,49916],{"id":49915},"assuming-it-changes-the-value","Assuming it changes the value",[20,49918,49919,49921],{},[15,49920,44412],{}," does not modify anything.",[30,49923,49925],{"className":32,"code":49924,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"100\"\n\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(value)\n",[15,49926,49927,49939,49943,49961],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49928,49929,49931,49933,49935,49937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49930,2070],{"class":45},[39,49932,50],{"class":49},[39,49934,255],{"class":243},[39,49936,13168],{"class":247},[39,49938,2983],{"class":243},[39,49940,49941],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49942,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,49944,49945,49947,49949,49951,49953,49955,49957,49959],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,49946,113],{"class":112},[39,49948,101],{"class":53},[39,49950,48481],{"class":112},[39,49952,101],{"class":53},[39,49954,155],{"class":97},[39,49956,61],{"class":53},[39,49958,48510],{"class":2523},[39,49960,1026],{"class":53},[39,49962,49963,49965,49967,49969],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,49964,113],{"class":112},[39,49966,101],{"class":53},[39,49968,155],{"class":97},[39,49970,80],{"class":53},[20,49972,458],{},[30,49974,49976],{"className":32,"code":49975,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\n100\n",[15,49977,49978,49982],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,49979,49980],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,49981,3605],{"class":3477},[39,49983,49984],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,49985,46868],{"class":57},[20,49987,49988],{},"The value stays the same.",[134,49990,25554],{"id":25553},[20,49992,49993],{},"If you are not sure what kind of value you have, these checks are useful:",[30,49995,49997],{"className":32,"code":49996,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\nprint(isinstance(value, (int, float)))\nprint(repr(value))\n",[15,49998,49999,50013,50031,50055],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50000,50001,50003,50005,50007,50009,50011],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50002,113],{"class":112},[39,50004,101],{"class":53},[39,50006,2845],{"class":2523},[39,50008,101],{"class":53},[39,50010,155],{"class":97},[39,50012,1026],{"class":53},[39,50014,50015,50017,50019,50021,50023,50025,50027,50029],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,50016,113],{"class":112},[39,50018,101],{"class":53},[39,50020,48481],{"class":112},[39,50022,101],{"class":53},[39,50024,155],{"class":97},[39,50026,61],{"class":53},[39,50028,44883],{"class":2523},[39,50030,1026],{"class":53},[39,50032,50033,50035,50037,50039,50041,50043,50045,50047,50049,50051,50053],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,50034,113],{"class":112},[39,50036,101],{"class":53},[39,50038,48481],{"class":112},[39,50040,101],{"class":53},[39,50042,155],{"class":97},[39,50044,61],{"class":53},[39,50046,54],{"class":53},[39,50048,1813],{"class":2523},[39,50050,61],{"class":53},[39,50052,39866],{"class":2523},[39,50054,2534],{"class":53},[39,50056,50057,50059,50061,50063,50065,50067],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,50058,113],{"class":112},[39,50060,101],{"class":53},[39,50062,41388],{"class":112},[39,50064,101],{"class":53},[39,50066,155],{"class":97},[39,50068,1026],{"class":53},[20,50070,50071],{},"These can help when:",[147,50073,50074,50077,50082,50085],{},[150,50075,50076],{},"a value looks like a number but is actually a string",[150,50078,50079,50080],{},"you are getting a ",[15,50081,2627],{},[150,50083,50084],{},"your condition is not behaving as expected",[150,50086,50087,50088,50090],{},"the second argument to ",[15,50089,44412],{}," is invalid",[20,50092,50093],{},"Common causes of mistakes include:",[147,50095,50096,50110,50116,50121],{},[150,50097,50098,50099,177,50102,50105,50106,177,50108],{},"using ",[15,50100,50101],{},"'int'",[15,50103,50104],{},"'str'"," as text instead of ",[15,50107,1813],{},[15,50109,3069],{},[150,50111,50112,50113,50115],{},"expecting ",[15,50114,44412],{}," to convert a value",[150,50117,50098,50118,50120],{},[15,50119,1926],{}," when inherited types should also match",[150,50122,50123],{},"passing an invalid second argument",[20,50125,50126,50127,94],{},"If you get an error because Python expected a number but found text, see ",[173,50128,50130,50131],{"href":50129},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-str-object-cannot-be-interpreted-as-an-integer-fix\u002F","TypeError: ",[15,50132,50133],{},"'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer",[134,50135,1454],{"id":1453},[223,50137,1458,50139,1461],{"id":50138},"what-does-isinstance-return-in-python",[15,50140,44412],{},[20,50142,4768,50143,50145,50146,94],{},[15,50144,939],{}," if the value matches the given type, otherwise ",[15,50147,1038],{},[223,50149,1487,50151,50153],{"id":50150},"can-isinstance-check-more-than-one-type",[15,50152,44412],{}," check more than one type?",[20,50155,50156,50157,94],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of types, such as ",[15,50158,50159],{},"isinstance(x, (int, float))",[223,50161,1497,50163,796,50165,929],{"id":50162},"what-is-the-difference-between-isinstance-and-type",[15,50164,44412],{},[15,50166,1926],{},[20,50168,50169,50171,50172,50174],{},[15,50170,1926],{}," gives the exact type. ",[15,50173,44412],{}," checks whether a value matches a type and also supports inheritance.",[223,50176,1468,50178,50180],{"id":50177},"does-isinstance-convert-a-value",[15,50179,44412],{}," convert a value?",[20,50182,50183],{},"No. It only checks the type. It does not change the value.",[134,50185,1514],{"id":1513},[147,50187,50188,50194,50198,50203,50208],{},[150,50189,50190],{},[173,50191,3202,50192,3135],{"href":1923},[15,50193,1926],{},[150,50195,50196],{},[173,50197,44404],{"href":48584},[150,50199,50200],{},[173,50201,50202],{"href":2584},"How to convert a string to an integer in Python",[150,50204,50205],{},[173,50206,50207],{"href":48587},"What is a data type in Python?",[150,50209,50210],{},[173,50211,50130,50212],{"href":50129},[15,50213,50133],{},[1550,50215,50216],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":50218},[50219,50220,50222,50225,50229,50230,50235,50241,50249,50250,50260],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":48523,"depth":83,"text":50221},"What isinstance() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":50223},[50224],{"id":48615,"depth":109,"text":48616},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355,"children":50226},[50227,50228],{"id":48703,"depth":109,"text":48704},{"id":48774,"depth":109,"text":48775},{"id":48861,"depth":83,"text":48862},{"id":49058,"depth":83,"text":50231,"children":50232},"isinstance() vs type()",[50233,50234],{"id":49074,"depth":109,"text":49077},{"id":49116,"depth":109,"text":49119},{"id":49177,"depth":83,"text":49178,"children":50236},[50237,50238,50239,50240],{"id":49186,"depth":109,"text":49187},{"id":49368,"depth":109,"text":49369},{"id":49495,"depth":109,"text":49496},{"id":49573,"depth":109,"text":49574},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":50242},[50243,50245,50246,50248],{"id":49663,"depth":109,"text":50244},"Passing \"int\" instead of int",{"id":49746,"depth":109,"text":49747},{"id":49831,"depth":109,"text":50247},"Thinking isinstance() converts a value",{"id":49915,"depth":109,"text":49916},{"id":25553,"depth":83,"text":25554},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":50251},[50252,50254,50256,50258],{"id":50138,"depth":109,"text":50253},"What does isinstance() return in Python?",{"id":50150,"depth":109,"text":50255},"Can isinstance() check more than one type?",{"id":50162,"depth":109,"text":50257},"What is the difference between isinstance() and type()?",{"id":50177,"depth":109,"text":50259},"Does isinstance() convert a value?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python isinstance function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":48424,"description":50261},"reference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained","iF3_lagEov6vfWHAzwGq_MdJMAghMPTpi88oMC-pOfw",{"id":50267,"title":50268,"body":50269,"description":52237,"extension":1587,"meta":52238,"navigation":420,"path":52239,"seo":52240,"stem":52241,"__hash__":52242},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained.md","Python len() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":50270,"toc":52212},[50271,50274,50279,50284,50298,50301,50303,50377,50382,50386,50391,50394,50408,50410,50576,50589,50591,50593,50608,50611,50614,50627,50629,50726,50730,50736,50739,50748,50750,50785,50790,50811,50816,50821,50852,50855,50911,50915,50921,50924,50977,50979,51018,51021,51089,51092,51143,51150,51154,51160,51245,51251,51257,51306,51309,51312,51362,51364,51369,51373,51423,51427,51474,51478,51555,51559,51624,51627,51631,51636,51641,51653,51655,51674,51680,51683,51702,51707,51734,51741,51745,51751,51754,51849,51852,51855,51904,51909,51911,51915,51950,51953,52010,52020,52023,52057,52060,52062,52066,52069,52073,52076,52080,52083,52087,52100,52104,52109,52111,52161,52173,52175,52209],[10,50272,50268],{"id":50273},"python-len-function-explained",[20,50275,8735,50276,50278],{},[15,50277,1542],{}," function returns the size of an object.",[20,50280,646,50281,50283],{},[15,50282,1542],{}," to count:",[147,50285,50286,50289,50292,50295],{},[150,50287,50288],{},"characters in a string",[150,50290,50291],{},"items in a list or tuple",[150,50293,50294],{},"keys in a dictionary",[150,50296,50297],{},"unique items in a set",[20,50299,50300],{},"It is a simple but very useful function. You will use it often when checking if something is empty, validating input, or counting stored values safely.",[134,50302,1629],{"id":1628},[30,50304,50306],{"className":32,"code":50305,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nitems = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(len(text))   # 5\nprint(len(items))  # 3\n",[15,50307,50308,50320,50340,50344,50361],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50309,50310,50312,50314,50316,50318],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50311,34302],{"class":45},[39,50313,50],{"class":49},[39,50315,255],{"class":243},[39,50317,3470],{"class":247},[39,50319,2983],{"class":243},[39,50321,50322,50324,50326,50328,50330,50332,50334,50336,50338],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,50323,7397],{"class":45},[39,50325,50],{"class":49},[39,50327,3249],{"class":53},[39,50329,682],{"class":57},[39,50331,61],{"class":53},[39,50333,687],{"class":57},[39,50335,61],{"class":53},[39,50337,697],{"class":57},[39,50339,3262],{"class":53},[39,50341,50342],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,50343,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,50345,50346,50348,50350,50352,50354,50356,50358],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,50347,113],{"class":112},[39,50349,101],{"class":53},[39,50351,10775],{"class":112},[39,50353,101],{"class":53},[39,50355,34323],{"class":97},[39,50357,303],{"class":53},[39,50359,50360],{"class":124},"   # 5\n",[39,50362,50363,50365,50367,50369,50371,50373,50375],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,50364,113],{"class":112},[39,50366,101],{"class":53},[39,50368,10775],{"class":112},[39,50370,101],{"class":53},[39,50372,7426],{"class":97},[39,50374,303],{"class":53},[39,50376,125],{"class":124},[20,50378,128,50379,50381],{},[15,50380,1542],{}," to get the number of characters in a string or the number of items in a container like a list, tuple, set, or dictionary.",[134,50383,50385],{"id":50384},"what-len-does","What len() does",[20,50387,50388,50390],{},[15,50389,1542],{}," returns the size of an object.",[20,50392,50393],{},"Here is what that means for common Python types:",[147,50395,50396,50399,50402,50405],{},[150,50397,50398],{},"For strings, it counts characters",[150,50400,50401],{},"For lists, tuples, and sets, it counts items",[150,50403,50404],{},"For dictionaries, it counts keys",[150,50406,50407],{},"It always returns an integer",[20,50409,515],{},[30,50411,50413],{"className":32,"code":50412,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Sam\"\nnumbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\ndata = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nvalues = {5, 6, 7}\n\nprint(len(name))     # 3\nprint(len(numbers))  # 4\nprint(len(data))     # 2\nprint(len(values))   # 3\n",[15,50414,50415,50427,50452,50484,50504,50508,50525,50542,50559],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50416,50417,50419,50421,50423,50425],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50418,7493],{"class":45},[39,50420,50],{"class":49},[39,50422,255],{"class":243},[39,50424,7294],{"class":247},[39,50426,2983],{"class":243},[39,50428,50429,50431,50433,50435,50437,50439,50441,50443,50445,50447,50450],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,50430,46],{"class":45},[39,50432,50],{"class":49},[39,50434,3249],{"class":53},[39,50436,682],{"class":57},[39,50438,61],{"class":53},[39,50440,687],{"class":57},[39,50442,61],{"class":53},[39,50444,697],{"class":57},[39,50446,61],{"class":53},[39,50448,50449],{"class":57}," 40",[39,50451,3262],{"class":53},[39,50453,50454,50456,50458,50460,50462,50464,50466,50468,50470,50472,50474,50476,50478,50480,50482],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,50455,8778],{"class":45},[39,50457,50],{"class":49},[39,50459,10103],{"class":53},[39,50461,244],{"class":243},[39,50463,173],{"class":247},[39,50465,244],{"class":243},[39,50467,145],{"class":53},[39,50469,595],{"class":57},[39,50471,61],{"class":53},[39,50473,255],{"class":243},[39,50475,1070],{"class":247},[39,50477,244],{"class":243},[39,50479,145],{"class":53},[39,50481,64],{"class":57},[39,50483,8921],{"class":53},[39,50485,50486,50488,50490,50492,50494,50496,50498,50500,50502],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,50487,812],{"class":45},[39,50489,50],{"class":49},[39,50491,10103],{"class":53},[39,50493,1376],{"class":57},[39,50495,61],{"class":53},[39,50497,37256],{"class":57},[39,50499,61],{"class":53},[39,50501,1338],{"class":57},[39,50503,8921],{"class":53},[39,50505,50506],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,50507,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,50509,50510,50512,50514,50516,50518,50520,50522],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,50511,113],{"class":112},[39,50513,101],{"class":53},[39,50515,10775],{"class":112},[39,50517,101],{"class":53},[39,50519,7285],{"class":97},[39,50521,303],{"class":53},[39,50523,50524],{"class":124},"     # 3\n",[39,50526,50527,50529,50531,50533,50535,50537,50539],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,50528,113],{"class":112},[39,50530,101],{"class":53},[39,50532,10775],{"class":112},[39,50534,101],{"class":53},[39,50536,992],{"class":97},[39,50538,303],{"class":53},[39,50540,50541],{"class":124},"  # 4\n",[39,50543,50544,50546,50548,50550,50552,50554,50556],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,50545,113],{"class":112},[39,50547,101],{"class":53},[39,50549,10775],{"class":112},[39,50551,101],{"class":53},[39,50553,8817],{"class":97},[39,50555,303],{"class":53},[39,50557,50558],{"class":124},"     # 2\n",[39,50560,50561,50563,50565,50567,50569,50571,50573],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,50562,113],{"class":112},[39,50564,101],{"class":53},[39,50566,10775],{"class":112},[39,50568,101],{"class":53},[39,50570,856],{"class":97},[39,50572,303],{"class":53},[39,50574,50575],{"class":124},"   # 3\n",[20,50577,50578,50579,1814,50583,16685,50587,94],{},"If you are still learning these data types, see ",[173,50580,50582],{"href":50581},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-strings-explained-basics-and-examples\u002F","Python strings explained",[173,50584,50586],{"href":50585},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide\u002F","Python lists explained",[173,50588,8768],{"href":8767},[134,50590,1781],{"id":1780},[20,50592,1784],{},[30,50594,50596],{"className":32,"code":50595,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"len(object)\n",[15,50597,50598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50599,50600,50602,50604,50606],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50601,10775],{"class":112},[39,50603,101],{"class":53},[39,50605,42006],{"class":2523},[39,50607,80],{"class":53},[20,50609,50610],{},"You pass one object inside the parentheses.",[20,50612,50613],{},"That object must be something that has a length, such as:",[147,50615,50616,50618,50620,50622,50624],{},[150,50617,37520],{},[150,50619,37514],{},[150,50621,37517],{},[150,50623,37523],{},[150,50625,50626],{},"a dictionary",[20,50628,515],{},[30,50630,50632],{"className":32,"code":50631,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(len(\"python\"))      # 6\nprint(len([1, 2, 3]))     # 3\nprint(len((10, 20)))      # 2\nprint(len({\"x\": 1}))      # 1\n",[15,50633,50634,50655,50679,50700],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50635,50636,50638,50640,50642,50644,50646,50648,50650,50652],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50637,113],{"class":112},[39,50639,101],{"class":53},[39,50641,10775],{"class":112},[39,50643,101],{"class":53},[39,50645,244],{"class":243},[39,50647,34],{"class":247},[39,50649,244],{"class":243},[39,50651,303],{"class":53},[39,50653,50654],{"class":124},"      # 6\n",[39,50656,50657,50659,50661,50663,50665,50667,50669,50671,50673,50675,50677],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,50658,113],{"class":112},[39,50660,101],{"class":53},[39,50662,10775],{"class":112},[39,50664,2608],{"class":53},[39,50666,58],{"class":57},[39,50668,61],{"class":53},[39,50670,64],{"class":57},[39,50672,61],{"class":53},[39,50674,73],{"class":57},[39,50676,4359],{"class":53},[39,50678,50524],{"class":124},[39,50680,50681,50683,50685,50687,50689,50691,50693,50695,50698],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,50682,113],{"class":112},[39,50684,101],{"class":53},[39,50686,10775],{"class":112},[39,50688,5126],{"class":53},[39,50690,682],{"class":57},[39,50692,61],{"class":53},[39,50694,687],{"class":57},[39,50696,50697],{"class":53},")))",[39,50699,869],{"class":124},[39,50701,50702,50704,50706,50708,50710,50712,50714,50716,50718,50720,50723],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,50703,113],{"class":112},[39,50705,101],{"class":53},[39,50707,10775],{"class":112},[39,50709,5145],{"class":53},[39,50711,244],{"class":243},[39,50713,1798],{"class":247},[39,50715,244],{"class":243},[39,50717,145],{"class":53},[39,50719,595],{"class":57},[39,50721,50722],{"class":53},"}))",[39,50724,50725],{"class":124},"      # 1\n",[134,50727,50729],{"id":50728},"using-len-with-strings","Using len() with strings",[20,50731,50732,50733,50735],{},"When you use ",[15,50734,1542],{}," on a string, Python counts every character.",[20,50737,50738],{},"That includes:",[147,50740,50741,50743,50745],{},[150,50742,35757],{},[150,50744,10064],{},[150,50746,50747],{},"punctuation",[20,50749,515],{},[30,50751,50753],{"className":32,"code":50752,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hi there!\"\nprint(len(text))  # 9\n",[15,50754,50755,50768],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50756,50757,50759,50761,50763,50766],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50758,34302],{"class":45},[39,50760,50],{"class":49},[39,50762,255],{"class":243},[39,50764,50765],{"class":247},"Hi there!",[39,50767,2983],{"class":243},[39,50769,50770,50772,50774,50776,50778,50780,50782],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,50771,113],{"class":112},[39,50773,101],{"class":53},[39,50775,10775],{"class":112},[39,50777,101],{"class":53},[39,50779,34323],{"class":97},[39,50781,303],{"class":53},[39,50783,50784],{"class":124},"  # 9\n",[20,50786,50787,50788,929],{},"Why is the result ",[15,50789,1767],{},[147,50791,50792,50798,50802,50805],{},[150,50793,50794,50797],{},[15,50795,50796],{},"H"," = 1",[150,50799,50800,50797],{},[15,50801,35768],{},[150,50803,50804],{},"space = 1",[150,50806,50807,50810],{},[15,50808,50809],{},"t h e r e !"," = 6",[20,50812,50813,50814],{},"Total: ",[15,50815,1767],{},[20,50817,50818,50819,145],{},"An empty string has length ",[15,50820,221],{},[30,50822,50824],{"className":32,"code":50823,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_text = \"\"\nprint(len(empty_text))  # 0\n",[15,50825,50826,50835],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50827,50828,50831,50833],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50829,50830],{"class":45},"empty_text ",[39,50832,50],{"class":49},[39,50834,7498],{"class":243},[39,50836,50837,50839,50841,50843,50845,50848,50850],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,50838,113],{"class":112},[39,50840,101],{"class":53},[39,50842,10775],{"class":112},[39,50844,101],{"class":53},[39,50846,50847],{"class":97},"empty_text",[39,50849,303],{"class":53},[39,50851,332],{"class":124},[20,50853,50854],{},"This matters when checking user input:",[30,50856,50858],{"className":32,"code":50857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_name = \"Alice\"\n\nif len(user_name) >= 3:\n    print(\"Name is long enough\")\n",[15,50859,50860,50873,50877,50896],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50861,50862,50865,50867,50869,50871],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50863,50864],{"class":45},"user_name ",[39,50866,50],{"class":49},[39,50868,255],{"class":243},[39,50870,4627],{"class":247},[39,50872,2983],{"class":243},[39,50874,50875],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,50876,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,50878,50879,50881,50883,50885,50888,50890,50892,50894],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,50880,511],{"class":572},[39,50882,37997],{"class":112},[39,50884,101],{"class":53},[39,50886,50887],{"class":97},"user_name",[39,50889,121],{"class":53},[39,50891,727],{"class":49},[39,50893,73],{"class":57},[39,50895,598],{"class":53},[39,50897,50898,50900,50902,50904,50907,50909],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,50899,603],{"class":112},[39,50901,101],{"class":53},[39,50903,244],{"class":243},[39,50905,50906],{"class":247},"Name is long enough",[39,50908,244],{"class":243},[39,50910,80],{"class":53},[134,50912,50914],{"id":50913},"using-len-with-lists-and-tuples","Using len() with lists and tuples",[20,50916,50917,50918,50920],{},"For lists and tuples, ",[15,50919,1542],{}," counts how many elements are stored.",[20,50922,50923],{},"Example with a list:",[30,50925,50927],{"className":32,"code":50926,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))  # 3\n",[15,50928,50929,50961],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50930,50931,50933,50935,50937,50939,50941,50943,50945,50947,50949,50951,50953,50955,50957,50959],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50932,236],{"class":45},[39,50934,50],{"class":49},[39,50936,3249],{"class":53},[39,50938,244],{"class":243},[39,50940,248],{"class":247},[39,50942,244],{"class":243},[39,50944,61],{"class":53},[39,50946,255],{"class":243},[39,50948,275],{"class":247},[39,50950,244],{"class":243},[39,50952,61],{"class":53},[39,50954,255],{"class":243},[39,50956,258],{"class":247},[39,50958,244],{"class":243},[39,50960,3262],{"class":53},[39,50962,50963,50965,50967,50969,50971,50973,50975],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,50964,113],{"class":112},[39,50966,101],{"class":53},[39,50968,10775],{"class":112},[39,50970,101],{"class":53},[39,50972,288],{"class":97},[39,50974,303],{"class":53},[39,50976,125],{"class":124},[20,50978,37529],{},[30,50980,50982],{"className":32,"code":50981,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"point = (10, 20)\nprint(len(point))  # 2\n",[15,50983,50984,51001],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,50985,50986,50989,50991,50993,50995,50997,50999],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,50987,50988],{"class":45},"point ",[39,50990,50],{"class":49},[39,50992,54],{"class":53},[39,50994,682],{"class":57},[39,50996,61],{"class":53},[39,50998,687],{"class":57},[39,51000,80],{"class":53},[39,51002,51003,51005,51007,51009,51011,51014,51016],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51004,113],{"class":112},[39,51006,101],{"class":53},[39,51008,10775],{"class":112},[39,51010,101],{"class":53},[39,51012,51013],{"class":97},"point",[39,51015,303],{"class":53},[39,51017,1122],{"class":124},[20,51019,51020],{},"This is useful before indexing so you do not try to access an item that is not there:",[30,51022,51024],{"className":32,"code":51023,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\n\nif len(items) > 1:\n    print(items[1])  # banana\n",[15,51025,51026,51050,51054,51072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51027,51028,51030,51032,51034,51036,51038,51040,51042,51044,51046,51048],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51029,7397],{"class":45},[39,51031,50],{"class":49},[39,51033,3249],{"class":53},[39,51035,244],{"class":243},[39,51037,377],{"class":247},[39,51039,244],{"class":243},[39,51041,61],{"class":53},[39,51043,255],{"class":243},[39,51045,386],{"class":247},[39,51047,244],{"class":243},[39,51049,3262],{"class":53},[39,51051,51052],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51053,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,51055,51056,51058,51060,51062,51064,51066,51068,51070],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,51057,511],{"class":572},[39,51059,37997],{"class":112},[39,51061,101],{"class":53},[39,51063,7426],{"class":97},[39,51065,121],{"class":53},[39,51067,592],{"class":49},[39,51069,595],{"class":57},[39,51071,598],{"class":53},[39,51073,51074,51076,51078,51080,51082,51084,51086],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,51075,603],{"class":112},[39,51077,101],{"class":53},[39,51079,7426],{"class":97},[39,51081,3525],{"class":53},[39,51083,58],{"class":57},[39,51085,20058],{"class":53},[39,51087,51088],{"class":124},"  # banana\n",[20,51090,51091],{},"It is also common in loops and checks:",[30,51093,51095],{"className":32,"code":51094,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [88, 91, 75]\nprint(\"Number of scores:\", len(scores))\n",[15,51096,51097,51120],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51098,51099,51101,51103,51105,51108,51110,51113,51115,51118],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51100,675],{"class":45},[39,51102,50],{"class":49},[39,51104,3249],{"class":53},[39,51106,51107],{"class":57},"88",[39,51109,61],{"class":53},[39,51111,51112],{"class":57}," 91",[39,51114,61],{"class":53},[39,51116,51117],{"class":57}," 75",[39,51119,3262],{"class":53},[39,51121,51122,51124,51126,51128,51131,51133,51135,51137,51139,51141],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51123,113],{"class":112},[39,51125,101],{"class":53},[39,51127,244],{"class":243},[39,51129,51130],{"class":247},"Number of scores:",[39,51132,244],{"class":243},[39,51134,61],{"class":53},[39,51136,37997],{"class":112},[39,51138,101],{"class":53},[39,51140,16001],{"class":97},[39,51142,1026],{"class":53},[20,51144,51145,51146,94],{},"If you want a task-focused example, see ",[173,51147,51149],{"href":51148},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to get the length of a list in Python",[134,51151,51153],{"id":51152},"using-len-with-dictionaries-and-sets","Using len() with dictionaries and sets",[20,51155,51156,51157,51159],{},"For dictionaries, ",[15,51158,1542],{}," counts keys.",[30,51161,51163],{"className":32,"code":51162,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\n    \"name\": \"Mia\",\n    \"age\": 12,\n    \"grade\": \"A\"\n}\n\nprint(len(student))  # 3\n",[15,51164,51165,51173,51191,51205,51221,51225,51229],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51166,51167,51169,51171],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51168,12475],{"class":45},[39,51170,50],{"class":49},[39,51172,11104],{"class":53},[39,51174,51175,51177,51179,51181,51183,51185,51187,51189],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51176,11109],{"class":243},[39,51178,7285],{"class":247},[39,51180,244],{"class":243},[39,51182,145],{"class":53},[39,51184,255],{"class":243},[39,51186,7538],{"class":247},[39,51188,244],{"class":243},[39,51190,11125],{"class":53},[39,51192,51193,51195,51197,51199,51201,51203],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,51194,11109],{"class":243},[39,51196,8911],{"class":247},[39,51198,244],{"class":243},[39,51200,145],{"class":53},[39,51202,30556],{"class":57},[39,51204,11125],{"class":53},[39,51206,51207,51209,51211,51213,51215,51217,51219],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,51208,11109],{"class":243},[39,51210,19504],{"class":247},[39,51212,244],{"class":243},[39,51214,145],{"class":53},[39,51216,255],{"class":243},[39,51218,21857],{"class":247},[39,51220,2983],{"class":243},[39,51222,51223],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,51224,8921],{"class":53},[39,51226,51227],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,51228,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,51230,51231,51233,51235,51237,51239,51241,51243],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,51232,113],{"class":112},[39,51234,101],{"class":53},[39,51236,10775],{"class":112},[39,51238,101],{"class":53},[39,51240,13236],{"class":97},[39,51242,303],{"class":53},[39,51244,125],{"class":124},[20,51246,51247,51248,51250],{},"Even though the dictionary has keys and values, ",[15,51249,1542],{}," returns the number of keys.",[20,51252,51253,51254,51256],{},"For sets, ",[15,51255,1542],{}," counts unique items:",[30,51258,51260],{"className":32,"code":51259,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 3, 2}\nprint(len(numbers))  # 3\n",[15,51261,51262,51290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51263,51264,51266,51268,51270,51272,51274,51276,51278,51280,51282,51284,51286,51288],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51265,46],{"class":45},[39,51267,50],{"class":49},[39,51269,10103],{"class":53},[39,51271,58],{"class":57},[39,51273,61],{"class":53},[39,51275,64],{"class":57},[39,51277,61],{"class":53},[39,51279,73],{"class":57},[39,51281,61],{"class":53},[39,51283,73],{"class":57},[39,51285,61],{"class":53},[39,51287,64],{"class":57},[39,51289,8921],{"class":53},[39,51291,51292,51294,51296,51298,51300,51302,51304],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51293,113],{"class":112},[39,51295,101],{"class":53},[39,51297,10775],{"class":112},[39,51299,101],{"class":53},[39,51301,992],{"class":97},[39,51303,303],{"class":53},[39,51305,125],{"class":124},[20,51307,51308],{},"The repeated values are removed in a set, so only unique items are counted.",[20,51310,51311],{},"This is useful when checking if a collection is empty:",[30,51313,51315],{"className":32,"code":51314,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {}\n\nif len(data) == 0:\n    print(\"The dictionary is empty\")\n",[15,51316,51317,51325,51329,51347],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51318,51319,51321,51323],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51320,8778],{"class":45},[39,51322,50],{"class":49},[39,51324,9451],{"class":53},[39,51326,51327],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51328,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,51330,51331,51333,51335,51337,51339,51341,51343,51345],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,51332,511],{"class":572},[39,51334,37997],{"class":112},[39,51336,101],{"class":53},[39,51338,8817],{"class":97},[39,51340,121],{"class":53},[39,51342,6023],{"class":49},[39,51344,3458],{"class":57},[39,51346,598],{"class":53},[39,51348,51349,51351,51353,51355,51358,51360],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,51350,603],{"class":112},[39,51352,101],{"class":53},[39,51354,244],{"class":243},[39,51356,51357],{"class":247},"The dictionary is empty",[39,51359,244],{"class":243},[39,51361,80],{"class":53},[134,51363,643],{"id":642},[20,51365,51366,51367,94],{},"Here are some practical ways beginners use ",[15,51368,1542],{},[223,51370,51372],{"id":51371},"check-if-a-list-is-empty","Check if a list is empty",[30,51374,51376],{"className":32,"code":51375,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,51377,51378,51386,51390,51408],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51379,51380,51382,51384],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51381,7397],{"class":45},[39,51383,50],{"class":49},[39,51385,7455],{"class":53},[39,51387,51388],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51389,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,51391,51392,51394,51396,51398,51400,51402,51404,51406],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,51393,511],{"class":572},[39,51395,37997],{"class":112},[39,51397,101],{"class":53},[39,51399,7426],{"class":97},[39,51401,121],{"class":53},[39,51403,6023],{"class":49},[39,51405,3458],{"class":57},[39,51407,598],{"class":53},[39,51409,51410,51412,51414,51416,51419,51421],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,51411,603],{"class":112},[39,51413,101],{"class":53},[39,51415,244],{"class":243},[39,51417,51418],{"class":247},"The list is empty",[39,51420,244],{"class":243},[39,51422,80],{"class":53},[223,51424,51426],{"id":51425},"count-letters-in-user-input","Count letters in user input",[30,51428,51430],{"className":32,"code":51429,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"word = input(\"Enter a word: \")\nprint(\"Number of characters:\", len(word))\n",[15,51431,51432,51451],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51433,51434,51436,51438,51440,51442,51444,51447,51449],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51435,5769],{"class":45},[39,51437,50],{"class":49},[39,51439,7858],{"class":112},[39,51441,101],{"class":53},[39,51443,244],{"class":243},[39,51445,51446],{"class":247},"Enter a word: ",[39,51448,244],{"class":243},[39,51450,80],{"class":53},[39,51452,51453,51455,51457,51459,51462,51464,51466,51468,51470,51472],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51454,113],{"class":112},[39,51456,101],{"class":53},[39,51458,244],{"class":243},[39,51460,51461],{"class":247},"Number of characters:",[39,51463,244],{"class":243},[39,51465,61],{"class":53},[39,51467,37997],{"class":112},[39,51469,101],{"class":53},[39,51471,38002],{"class":97},[39,51473,1026],{"class":53},[223,51475,51477],{"id":51476},"validate-minimum-password-length","Validate minimum password length",[30,51479,51481],{"className":32,"code":51480,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"password = \"secret123\"\n\nif len(password) >= 8:\n    print(\"Password length is valid\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Password is too short\")\n",[15,51482,51483,51497,51501,51519,51534,51540],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51484,51485,51488,51490,51492,51495],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51486,51487],{"class":45},"password ",[39,51489,50],{"class":49},[39,51491,255],{"class":243},[39,51493,51494],{"class":247},"secret123",[39,51496,2983],{"class":243},[39,51498,51499],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51500,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,51502,51503,51505,51507,51509,51511,51513,51515,51517],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,51504,511],{"class":572},[39,51506,37997],{"class":112},[39,51508,101],{"class":53},[39,51510,17233],{"class":97},[39,51512,121],{"class":53},[39,51514,727],{"class":49},[39,51516,5975],{"class":57},[39,51518,598],{"class":53},[39,51520,51521,51523,51525,51527,51530,51532],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,51522,603],{"class":112},[39,51524,101],{"class":53},[39,51526,244],{"class":243},[39,51528,51529],{"class":247},"Password length is valid",[39,51531,244],{"class":243},[39,51533,80],{"class":53},[39,51535,51536,51538],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,51537,27046],{"class":572},[39,51539,598],{"class":53},[39,51541,51542,51544,51546,51548,51551,51553],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,51543,603],{"class":112},[39,51545,101],{"class":53},[39,51547,244],{"class":243},[39,51549,51550],{"class":247},"Password is too short",[39,51552,244],{"class":243},[39,51554,80],{"class":53},[223,51556,51558],{"id":51557},"check-how-many-items-were-read","Check how many items were read",[30,51560,51562],{"className":32,"code":51561,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"results = [\"item1\", \"item2\", \"item3\"]\nprint(\"Items found:\", len(results))\n",[15,51563,51564,51600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51565,51566,51569,51571,51573,51575,51578,51580,51582,51584,51587,51589,51591,51593,51596,51598],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51567,51568],{"class":45},"results ",[39,51570,50],{"class":49},[39,51572,3249],{"class":53},[39,51574,244],{"class":243},[39,51576,51577],{"class":247},"item1",[39,51579,244],{"class":243},[39,51581,61],{"class":53},[39,51583,255],{"class":243},[39,51585,51586],{"class":247},"item2",[39,51588,244],{"class":243},[39,51590,61],{"class":53},[39,51592,255],{"class":243},[39,51594,51595],{"class":247},"item3",[39,51597,244],{"class":243},[39,51599,3262],{"class":53},[39,51601,51602,51604,51606,51608,51611,51613,51615,51617,51619,51622],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51603,113],{"class":112},[39,51605,101],{"class":53},[39,51607,244],{"class":243},[39,51609,51610],{"class":247},"Items found:",[39,51612,244],{"class":243},[39,51614,61],{"class":53},[39,51616,37997],{"class":112},[39,51618,101],{"class":53},[39,51620,51621],{"class":97},"results",[39,51623,1026],{"class":53},[20,51625,51626],{},"These are the kinds of small checks that make programs safer and easier to debug.",[134,51628,51630],{"id":51629},"objects-that-can-cause-errors","Objects that can cause errors",[20,51632,51633,51635],{},[15,51634,1542],{}," does not work on every value.",[20,51637,51638,51639,145],{},"These will raise a ",[15,51640,2627],{},[147,51642,51643,51646,51649],{},[150,51644,51645],{},"plain integers",[150,51647,51648],{},"floats",[150,51650,51651],{},[15,51652,3403],{},[20,51654,515],{},[30,51656,51658],{"className":32,"code":51657,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(len(5))\n",[15,51659,51660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51661,51662,51664,51666,51668,51670,51672],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51663,113],{"class":112},[39,51665,101],{"class":53},[39,51667,10775],{"class":112},[39,51669,101],{"class":53},[39,51671,1376],{"class":57},[39,51673,1026],{"class":53},[20,51675,51676,51677,51679],{},"This causes an error because the integer ",[15,51678,1376],{}," does not have a length.",[20,51681,51682],{},"Another example:",[30,51684,51686],{"className":32,"code":51685,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(len(3.14))\n",[15,51687,51688],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51689,51690,51692,51694,51696,51698,51700],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51691,113],{"class":112},[39,51693,101],{"class":53},[39,51695,10775],{"class":112},[39,51697,101],{"class":53},[39,51699,39754],{"class":57},[39,51701,1026],{"class":53},[20,51703,51704,51705,145],{},"And with ",[15,51706,3403],{},[30,51708,51710],{"className":32,"code":51709,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = None\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,51711,51712,51720],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51713,51714,51716,51718],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51715,2070],{"class":45},[39,51717,50],{"class":49},[39,51719,48133],{"class":3477},[39,51721,51722,51724,51726,51728,51730,51732],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51723,113],{"class":112},[39,51725,101],{"class":53},[39,51727,10775],{"class":112},[39,51729,101],{"class":53},[39,51731,155],{"class":97},[39,51733,1026],{"class":53},[20,51735,51736,51737,94],{},"If your code fails because a value is missing, it may help to read ",[173,51738,51740],{"href":51739},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-nonetype-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable",[134,51742,51744],{"id":51743},"how-to-avoid-mistakes","How to avoid mistakes",[20,51746,51747,51748,51750],{},"Before using ",[15,51749,1542],{},", make sure the value is a string or collection.",[20,51752,51753],{},"Helpful debugging steps:",[30,51755,51757],{"className":32,"code":51756,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = None\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, str))\nprint(isinstance(value, list))\nprint(isinstance(value, dict))\n",[15,51758,51759,51767,51771,51781,51795,51813,51831],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51760,51761,51763,51765],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51762,2070],{"class":45},[39,51764,50],{"class":49},[39,51766,48133],{"class":3477},[39,51768,51769],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51770,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,51772,51773,51775,51777,51779],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,51774,113],{"class":112},[39,51776,101],{"class":53},[39,51778,155],{"class":97},[39,51780,80],{"class":53},[39,51782,51783,51785,51787,51789,51791,51793],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,51784,113],{"class":112},[39,51786,101],{"class":53},[39,51788,2845],{"class":2523},[39,51790,101],{"class":53},[39,51792,155],{"class":97},[39,51794,1026],{"class":53},[39,51796,51797,51799,51801,51803,51805,51807,51809,51811],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,51798,113],{"class":112},[39,51800,101],{"class":53},[39,51802,48481],{"class":112},[39,51804,101],{"class":53},[39,51806,155],{"class":97},[39,51808,61],{"class":53},[39,51810,48510],{"class":2523},[39,51812,1026],{"class":53},[39,51814,51815,51817,51819,51821,51823,51825,51827,51829],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,51816,113],{"class":112},[39,51818,101],{"class":53},[39,51820,48481],{"class":112},[39,51822,101],{"class":53},[39,51824,155],{"class":97},[39,51826,61],{"class":53},[39,51828,22171],{"class":2523},[39,51830,1026],{"class":53},[39,51832,51833,51835,51837,51839,51841,51843,51845,51847],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,51834,113],{"class":112},[39,51836,101],{"class":53},[39,51838,48481],{"class":112},[39,51840,101],{"class":53},[39,51842,155],{"class":97},[39,51844,61],{"class":53},[39,51846,8783],{"class":2523},[39,51848,1026],{"class":53},[20,51850,51851],{},"This helps you see what the variable actually contains.",[20,51853,51854],{},"You can also use a safe check:",[30,51856,51858],{"className":32,"code":51857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = \"hello\"\n\nif value is not None:\n    print(len(value))\n",[15,51859,51860,51872,51876,51890],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51861,51862,51864,51866,51868,51870],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51863,2070],{"class":45},[39,51865,50],{"class":49},[39,51867,255],{"class":243},[39,51869,3470],{"class":247},[39,51871,2983],{"class":243},[39,51873,51874],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51875,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,51877,51878,51880,51882,51884,51886,51888],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,51879,511],{"class":572},[39,51881,21196],{"class":45},[39,51883,11805],{"class":49},[39,51885,7715],{"class":49},[39,51887,3478],{"class":3477},[39,51889,598],{"class":53},[39,51891,51892,51894,51896,51898,51900,51902],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,51893,603],{"class":112},[39,51895,101],{"class":53},[39,51897,10775],{"class":112},[39,51899,101],{"class":53},[39,51901,155],{"class":97},[39,51903,1026],{"class":53},[20,51905,51906,51907,94],{},"If you are learning how to inspect values, see ",[173,51908,8058],{"href":1923},[134,51910,944],{"id":943},[20,51912,22706,51913,145],{},[15,51914,1542],{},[147,51916,51917,51925,51933,51941,51947],{},[150,51918,948,51919,51921,51922],{},[15,51920,1542],{}," on an integer like ",[15,51923,51924],{},"len(5)",[150,51926,948,51927,51929,51930],{},[15,51928,1542],{}," on a float like ",[15,51931,51932],{},"len(3.14)",[150,51934,948,51935,51937,51938,51940],{},[15,51936,1542],{}," on ",[15,51939,3403],{}," after a function returns nothing",[150,51942,4202,51943,51946],{},[15,51944,51945],{},"len(dictionary)"," counts values instead of keys",[150,51948,51949],{},"Forgetting that spaces count in string length",[20,51951,51952],{},"Example of a dictionary misunderstanding:",[30,51954,51956],{"className":32,"code":51955,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20}\nprint(len(person))  # 2\n",[15,51957,51958,51994],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,51959,51960,51962,51964,51966,51968,51970,51972,51974,51976,51978,51980,51982,51984,51986,51988,51990,51992],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,51961,12814],{"class":45},[39,51963,50],{"class":49},[39,51965,10103],{"class":53},[39,51967,244],{"class":243},[39,51969,7285],{"class":247},[39,51971,244],{"class":243},[39,51973,145],{"class":53},[39,51975,255],{"class":243},[39,51977,12492],{"class":247},[39,51979,244],{"class":243},[39,51981,61],{"class":53},[39,51983,255],{"class":243},[39,51985,8911],{"class":247},[39,51987,244],{"class":243},[39,51989,145],{"class":53},[39,51991,687],{"class":57},[39,51993,8921],{"class":53},[39,51995,51996,51998,52000,52002,52004,52006,52008],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,51997,113],{"class":112},[39,51999,101],{"class":53},[39,52001,10775],{"class":112},[39,52003,101],{"class":53},[39,52005,16920],{"class":97},[39,52007,303],{"class":53},[39,52009,1122],{"class":124},[20,52011,37207,52012,52014,52015,796,52017,94],{},[15,52013,104],{}," because there are two keys: ",[15,52016,14851],{},[15,52018,52019],{},"\"age\"",[20,52021,52022],{},"Example showing that spaces count:",[30,52024,52026],{"className":32,"code":52025,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a b\"\nprint(len(text))  # 3\n",[15,52027,52028,52041],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52029,52030,52032,52034,52036,52039],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52031,34302],{"class":45},[39,52033,50],{"class":49},[39,52035,255],{"class":243},[39,52037,52038],{"class":247},"a b",[39,52040,2983],{"class":243},[39,52042,52043,52045,52047,52049,52051,52053,52055],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52044,113],{"class":112},[39,52046,101],{"class":53},[39,52048,10775],{"class":112},[39,52050,101],{"class":53},[39,52052,34323],{"class":97},[39,52054,303],{"class":53},[39,52056,125],{"class":124},[20,52058,52059],{},"The space in the middle is counted as a character.",[134,52061,1454],{"id":1453},[223,52063,52065],{"id":52064},"what-does-len-return-in-python","What does len() return in Python?",[20,52067,52068],{},"It returns an integer that shows how many characters or items an object contains.",[223,52070,52072],{"id":52071},"does-len-count-spaces-in-a-string","Does len() count spaces in a string?",[20,52074,52075],{},"Yes. Spaces are characters, so they are included.",[223,52077,52079],{"id":52078},"what-does-len-return-for-a-dictionary","What does len() return for a dictionary?",[20,52081,52082],{},"It returns the number of keys in the dictionary.",[223,52084,52086],{"id":52085},"can-i-use-len-on-a-number","Can I use len() on a number?",[20,52088,52089,52090,52092,52093,177,52095,52097,52098,94],{},"No. Using ",[15,52091,1542],{}," on an ",[15,52094,1813],{},[15,52096,1817],{}," raises a ",[15,52099,2627],{},[223,52101,52103],{"id":52102},"how-do-i-check-if-a-list-is-empty","How do I check if a list is empty?",[20,52105,7380,52106,94],{},[15,52107,52108],{},"len(my_list) == 0",[20,52110,515],{},[30,52112,52114],{"className":32,"code":52113,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = []\n\nif len(my_list) == 0:\n    print(\"Empty list\")\n",[15,52115,52116,52124,52128,52146],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52117,52118,52120,52122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52119,7924],{"class":45},[39,52121,50],{"class":49},[39,52123,7455],{"class":53},[39,52125,52126],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52127,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,52129,52130,52132,52134,52136,52138,52140,52142,52144],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,52131,511],{"class":572},[39,52133,37997],{"class":112},[39,52135,101],{"class":53},[39,52137,7955],{"class":97},[39,52139,121],{"class":53},[39,52141,6023],{"class":49},[39,52143,3458],{"class":57},[39,52145,598],{"class":53},[39,52147,52148,52150,52152,52154,52157,52159],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,52149,603],{"class":112},[39,52151,101],{"class":53},[39,52153,244],{"class":243},[39,52155,52156],{"class":247},"Empty list",[39,52158,244],{"class":243},[39,52160,80],{"class":53},[20,52162,52163,52164,52166,52167,52169,52170,52172],{},"You should also learn that an empty list is treated as ",[15,52165,1038],{}," in an ",[15,52168,511],{}," statement, but ",[15,52171,1542],{}," is often clearer for beginners.",[134,52174,1514],{"id":1513},[147,52176,52177,52181,52185,52189,52194,52198,52204],{},[150,52178,52179],{},[173,52180,50582],{"href":50581},[150,52182,52183],{},[173,52184,50586],{"href":50585},[150,52186,52187],{},[173,52188,8768],{"href":8767},[150,52190,52191],{},[173,52192,52193],{"href":51148},"How to get the length of a list in Python",[150,52195,52196],{},[173,52197,8058],{"href":1923},[150,52199,52200],{},[173,52201,52203],{"href":52202},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix\u002F","TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable fix",[150,52205,52206],{},[173,52207,52208],{"href":51739},"TypeError: 'NoneType' object is not iterable fix",[1550,52210,52211],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":52213},[52214,52215,52216,52217,52218,52219,52220,52226,52227,52228,52229,52236],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":50384,"depth":83,"text":50385},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":50728,"depth":83,"text":50729},{"id":50913,"depth":83,"text":50914},{"id":51152,"depth":83,"text":51153},{"id":642,"depth":83,"text":643,"children":52221},[52222,52223,52224,52225],{"id":51371,"depth":109,"text":51372},{"id":51425,"depth":109,"text":51426},{"id":51476,"depth":109,"text":51477},{"id":51557,"depth":109,"text":51558},{"id":51629,"depth":83,"text":51630},{"id":51743,"depth":83,"text":51744},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":52230},[52231,52232,52233,52234,52235],{"id":52064,"depth":109,"text":52065},{"id":52071,"depth":109,"text":52072},{"id":52078,"depth":109,"text":52079},{"id":52085,"depth":109,"text":52086},{"id":52102,"depth":109,"text":52103},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python len function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained",{"title":50268,"description":52237},"reference\u002Fpython-len-function-explained","du6gacH3zkUY8V4BWqahXrJZO1Il9uelaQIY05kGhk4",{"id":52244,"title":52245,"body":52246,"description":53929,"extension":1587,"meta":53930,"navigation":420,"path":53931,"seo":53932,"stem":53933,"__hash__":53934},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method.md","Python List append() Method",{"type":7,"value":52247,"toc":53902},[52248,52251,52265,52271,52273,52327,52332,52336,52352,52355,52369,52375,52377,52380,52399,52415,52417,52492,52494,52531,52542,52544,52547,52608,52610,52643,52646,52652,52656,52659,52784,52786,52845,52853,52906,52908,52935,52941,52951,52955,52958,52963,53015,53017,53043,53049,53103,53105,53130,53133,53157,53163,53165,53169,53171,53228,53230,53238,53240,53262,53264,53317,53319,53343,53347,53349,53388,53390,53398,53404,53408,53460,53462,53488,53496,53500,53505,53514,53516,53582,53584,53616,53620,53625,53627,53641,53644,53717,53719,53744,53746,53750,53757,53761,53768,53772,53775,53777,53830,53832,53858,53862,53871,53873,53899],[10,52249,52245],{"id":52250},"python-list-append-method",[20,52252,1604,52253,52256,52257,52260,52261,52264],{},[15,52254,52255],{},"append()"," method adds ",[3367,52258,52259],{},"one item"," to the ",[3367,52262,52263],{},"end"," of a Python list.",[20,52266,52267,52268,52270],{},"Use it when you want to grow a list step by step. This method changes the original list directly, so it does ",[3367,52269,4254],{}," create a new list.",[134,52272,3235],{"id":3234},[30,52274,52276],{"className":32,"code":52275,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.append(4)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,52277,52278,52298,52312,52322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52279,52280,52282,52284,52286,52288,52290,52292,52294,52296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52281,46],{"class":45},[39,52283,50],{"class":49},[39,52285,3249],{"class":53},[39,52287,58],{"class":57},[39,52289,61],{"class":53},[39,52291,64],{"class":57},[39,52293,61],{"class":53},[39,52295,73],{"class":57},[39,52297,3262],{"class":53},[39,52299,52300,52302,52304,52306,52308,52310],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52301,992],{"class":45},[39,52303,94],{"class":53},[39,52305,13163],{"class":97},[39,52307,101],{"class":53},[39,52309,1333],{"class":57},[39,52311,80],{"class":53},[39,52313,52314,52316,52318,52320],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,52315,113],{"class":112},[39,52317,101],{"class":53},[39,52319,992],{"class":97},[39,52321,80],{"class":53},[39,52323,52324],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,52325,52326],{"class":124},"# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,52328,128,52329,52331],{},[15,52330,52255],{}," to add one item to the end of a list. It changes the original list.",[134,52333,52335],{"id":52334},"what-append-does","What append() does",[147,52337,52338,52343,52346,52349],{},[150,52339,52340,52342],{},[15,52341,52255],{}," adds one item to the end of a list",[150,52344,52345],{},"It changes the existing list in place",[150,52347,52348],{},"It does not create a new list",[150,52350,52351],{},"It can add any Python object as one item",[20,52353,52354],{},"This means you can append:",[147,52356,52357,52359,52361,52363,52365,52367],{},[150,52358,992],{},[150,52360,4926],{},[150,52362,40205],{},[150,52364,4917],{},[150,52366,6867],{},[150,52368,34276],{},[20,52370,52371,52372,94],{},"If you need a broader introduction to lists first, see ",[173,52373,52374],{"href":50585},"Python lists explained for beginners",[134,52376,5047],{"id":5046},[20,52378,52379],{},"Basic form:",[30,52381,52383],{"className":32,"code":52382,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.append(item)\n",[15,52384,52385],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52386,52387,52389,52391,52393,52395,52397],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52388,7955],{"class":45},[39,52390,94],{"class":53},[39,52392,13163],{"class":97},[39,52394,101],{"class":53},[39,52396,22922],{"class":97},[39,52398,80],{"class":53},[147,52400,52401,52406,52411],{},[150,52402,52403,52405],{},[15,52404,7955],{}," is the list you want to change",[150,52407,52408,52410],{},[15,52409,22922],{}," is the value or object to add",[150,52412,1481,52413],{},[15,52414,3403],{},[20,52416,515],{},[30,52418,52420],{"className":32,"code":52419,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nresult = fruits.append(\"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(result)\n",[15,52421,52422,52446,52468,52472,52482],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52423,52424,52426,52428,52430,52432,52434,52436,52438,52440,52442,52444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52425,368],{"class":45},[39,52427,50],{"class":49},[39,52429,3249],{"class":53},[39,52431,244],{"class":243},[39,52433,377],{"class":247},[39,52435,244],{"class":243},[39,52437,61],{"class":53},[39,52439,255],{"class":243},[39,52441,386],{"class":247},[39,52443,244],{"class":243},[39,52445,3262],{"class":53},[39,52447,52448,52450,52452,52454,52456,52458,52460,52462,52464,52466],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52449,86],{"class":45},[39,52451,50],{"class":49},[39,52453,430],{"class":45},[39,52455,94],{"class":53},[39,52457,13163],{"class":97},[39,52459,101],{"class":53},[39,52461,244],{"class":243},[39,52463,403],{"class":247},[39,52465,244],{"class":243},[39,52467,80],{"class":53},[39,52469,52470],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,52471,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,52473,52474,52476,52478,52480],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,52475,113],{"class":112},[39,52477,101],{"class":53},[39,52479,35904],{"class":97},[39,52481,80],{"class":53},[39,52483,52484,52486,52488,52490],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,52485,113],{"class":112},[39,52487,101],{"class":53},[39,52489,118],{"class":97},[39,52491,80],{"class":53},[20,52493,458],{},[30,52495,52497],{"className":32,"code":52496,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\nNone\n",[15,52498,52499,52527],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52500,52501,52503,52505,52507,52509,52511,52513,52515,52517,52519,52521,52523,52525],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52502,3525],{"class":53},[39,52504,629],{"class":243},[39,52506,377],{"class":247},[39,52508,629],{"class":243},[39,52510,61],{"class":53},[39,52512,2920],{"class":243},[39,52514,386],{"class":247},[39,52516,629],{"class":243},[39,52518,61],{"class":53},[39,52520,2920],{"class":243},[39,52522,403],{"class":247},[39,52524,629],{"class":243},[39,52526,3262],{"class":53},[39,52528,52529],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52530,11420],{"class":3477},[20,52532,52533,52534,52536,52537,52539,52540,94],{},"The important detail is that ",[15,52535,52255],{}," updates ",[15,52538,35904],{},", but the method itself returns ",[15,52541,3403],{},[134,52543,355],{"id":354},[20,52545,52546],{},"Start with a short list, append one value, then print the list.",[30,52548,52550],{"className":32,"code":52549,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.append(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,52551,52552,52576,52594,52598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52553,52554,52556,52558,52560,52562,52564,52566,52568,52570,52572,52574],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52555,236],{"class":45},[39,52557,50],{"class":49},[39,52559,3249],{"class":53},[39,52561,244],{"class":243},[39,52563,248],{"class":247},[39,52565,244],{"class":243},[39,52567,61],{"class":53},[39,52569,255],{"class":243},[39,52571,258],{"class":247},[39,52573,244],{"class":243},[39,52575,3262],{"class":53},[39,52577,52578,52580,52582,52584,52586,52588,52590,52592],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52579,288],{"class":45},[39,52581,94],{"class":53},[39,52583,13163],{"class":97},[39,52585,101],{"class":53},[39,52587,244],{"class":243},[39,52589,275],{"class":247},[39,52591,244],{"class":243},[39,52593,80],{"class":53},[39,52595,52596],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,52597,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,52599,52600,52602,52604,52606],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,52601,113],{"class":112},[39,52603,101],{"class":53},[39,52605,288],{"class":97},[39,52607,80],{"class":53},[20,52609,458],{},[30,52611,52613],{"className":32,"code":52612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,52614,52615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52616,52617,52619,52621,52623,52625,52627,52629,52631,52633,52635,52637,52639,52641],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52618,3525],{"class":53},[39,52620,629],{"class":243},[39,52622,248],{"class":247},[39,52624,629],{"class":243},[39,52626,61],{"class":53},[39,52628,2920],{"class":243},[39,52630,258],{"class":247},[39,52632,629],{"class":243},[39,52634,61],{"class":53},[39,52636,2920],{"class":243},[39,52638,275],{"class":247},[39,52640,629],{"class":243},[39,52642,3262],{"class":53},[20,52644,52645],{},"The new item becomes the last item in the list.",[20,52647,30696,52648,94],{},[173,52649,52651],{"href":52650},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to add an item to a list in Python",[134,52653,52655],{"id":52654},"appending-different-data-types","Appending different data types",[20,52657,52658],{},"You can append many kinds of values.",[30,52660,52662],{"className":32,"code":52661,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\n\nitems.append(10)\nitems.append(\"hello\")\nitems.append(True)\nitems.append({\"name\": \"Sam\"})\nitems.append([1, 2, 3])\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,52663,52664,52672,52676,52690,52708,52722,52748,52770,52774],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52665,52666,52668,52670],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52667,7397],{"class":45},[39,52669,50],{"class":49},[39,52671,7455],{"class":53},[39,52673,52674],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52675,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,52677,52678,52680,52682,52684,52686,52688],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,52679,7426],{"class":45},[39,52681,94],{"class":53},[39,52683,13163],{"class":97},[39,52685,101],{"class":53},[39,52687,682],{"class":57},[39,52689,80],{"class":53},[39,52691,52692,52694,52696,52698,52700,52702,52704,52706],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,52693,7426],{"class":45},[39,52695,94],{"class":53},[39,52697,13163],{"class":97},[39,52699,101],{"class":53},[39,52701,244],{"class":243},[39,52703,3470],{"class":247},[39,52705,244],{"class":243},[39,52707,80],{"class":53},[39,52709,52710,52712,52714,52716,52718,52720],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,52711,7426],{"class":45},[39,52713,94],{"class":53},[39,52715,13163],{"class":97},[39,52717,101],{"class":53},[39,52719,939],{"class":3477},[39,52721,80],{"class":53},[39,52723,52724,52726,52728,52730,52732,52734,52736,52738,52740,52742,52744,52746],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,52725,7426],{"class":45},[39,52727,94],{"class":53},[39,52729,13163],{"class":97},[39,52731,5145],{"class":53},[39,52733,244],{"class":243},[39,52735,7285],{"class":247},[39,52737,244],{"class":243},[39,52739,145],{"class":53},[39,52741,255],{"class":243},[39,52743,7294],{"class":247},[39,52745,244],{"class":243},[39,52747,30109],{"class":53},[39,52749,52750,52752,52754,52756,52758,52760,52762,52764,52766,52768],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,52751,7426],{"class":45},[39,52753,94],{"class":53},[39,52755,13163],{"class":97},[39,52757,2608],{"class":53},[39,52759,58],{"class":57},[39,52761,61],{"class":53},[39,52763,64],{"class":57},[39,52765,61],{"class":53},[39,52767,73],{"class":57},[39,52769,3513],{"class":53},[39,52771,52772],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,52773,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,52775,52776,52778,52780,52782],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,52777,113],{"class":112},[39,52779,101],{"class":53},[39,52781,7426],{"class":97},[39,52783,80],{"class":53},[20,52785,458],{},[30,52787,52789],{"className":32,"code":52788,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 'hello', True, {'name': 'Sam'}, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,52790,52791],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52792,52793,52795,52797,52799,52801,52803,52805,52807,52809,52811,52813,52815,52817,52819,52821,52823,52825,52827,52830,52832,52834,52836,52838,52840,52842],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52794,3525],{"class":53},[39,52796,682],{"class":57},[39,52798,61],{"class":53},[39,52800,2920],{"class":243},[39,52802,3470],{"class":247},[39,52804,629],{"class":243},[39,52806,61],{"class":53},[39,52808,3541],{"class":3477},[39,52810,61],{"class":53},[39,52812,10103],{"class":53},[39,52814,629],{"class":243},[39,52816,7285],{"class":247},[39,52818,629],{"class":243},[39,52820,145],{"class":53},[39,52822,2920],{"class":243},[39,52824,7294],{"class":247},[39,52826,629],{"class":243},[39,52828,52829],{"class":53},"},",[39,52831,3249],{"class":53},[39,52833,58],{"class":57},[39,52835,61],{"class":53},[39,52837,64],{"class":57},[39,52839,61],{"class":53},[39,52841,73],{"class":57},[39,52843,52844],{"class":53},"]]\n",[20,52846,52847,52848,41764,52850,94],{},"A list added with ",[15,52849,52255],{},[3367,52851,52852],{},"one single item",[30,52854,52856],{"className":32,"code":52855,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,52857,52858,52874,52892,52896],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52859,52860,52862,52864,52866,52868,52870,52872],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52861,46],{"class":45},[39,52863,50],{"class":49},[39,52865,3249],{"class":53},[39,52867,58],{"class":57},[39,52869,61],{"class":53},[39,52871,64],{"class":57},[39,52873,3262],{"class":53},[39,52875,52876,52878,52880,52882,52884,52886,52888,52890],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52877,992],{"class":45},[39,52879,94],{"class":53},[39,52881,13163],{"class":97},[39,52883,2608],{"class":53},[39,52885,479],{"class":57},[39,52887,61],{"class":53},[39,52889,2080],{"class":57},[39,52891,3513],{"class":53},[39,52893,52894],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,52895,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,52897,52898,52900,52902,52904],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,52899,113],{"class":112},[39,52901,101],{"class":53},[39,52903,992],{"class":97},[39,52905,80],{"class":53},[20,52907,458],{},[30,52909,52911],{"className":32,"code":52910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,52912,52913],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52914,52915,52917,52919,52921,52923,52925,52927,52929,52931,52933],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52916,3525],{"class":53},[39,52918,58],{"class":57},[39,52920,61],{"class":53},[39,52922,64],{"class":57},[39,52924,61],{"class":53},[39,52926,3249],{"class":53},[39,52928,479],{"class":57},[39,52930,61],{"class":53},[39,52932,2080],{"class":57},[39,52934,52844],{"class":53},[20,52936,1910,52937,52940],{},[15,52938,52939],{},"[3, 4]"," was added as one nested list item.",[20,52942,52943,52944,52950],{},"This is different from ",[173,52945,52947],{"href":52946},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method\u002F",[15,52948,52949],{},"list.extend()",", which adds items one by one from another iterable.",[134,52952,52954],{"id":52953},"append-vs-extend","append() vs extend()",[20,52956,52957],{},"This is one of the most common beginner questions.",[223,52959,948,52961],{"id":52960},"using-append",[15,52962,52255],{},[30,52964,52965],{"className":32,"code":52855,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,52966,52967,52983,53001,53005],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,52968,52969,52971,52973,52975,52977,52979,52981],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,52970,46],{"class":45},[39,52972,50],{"class":49},[39,52974,3249],{"class":53},[39,52976,58],{"class":57},[39,52978,61],{"class":53},[39,52980,64],{"class":57},[39,52982,3262],{"class":53},[39,52984,52985,52987,52989,52991,52993,52995,52997,52999],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,52986,992],{"class":45},[39,52988,94],{"class":53},[39,52990,13163],{"class":97},[39,52992,2608],{"class":53},[39,52994,479],{"class":57},[39,52996,61],{"class":53},[39,52998,2080],{"class":57},[39,53000,3513],{"class":53},[39,53002,53003],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53004,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53006,53007,53009,53011,53013],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,53008,113],{"class":112},[39,53010,101],{"class":53},[39,53012,992],{"class":97},[39,53014,80],{"class":53},[20,53016,458],{},[30,53018,53019],{"className":32,"code":52910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53020,53021],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53022,53023,53025,53027,53029,53031,53033,53035,53037,53039,53041],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53024,3525],{"class":53},[39,53026,58],{"class":57},[39,53028,61],{"class":53},[39,53030,64],{"class":57},[39,53032,61],{"class":53},[39,53034,3249],{"class":53},[39,53036,479],{"class":57},[39,53038,61],{"class":53},[39,53040,2080],{"class":57},[39,53042,52844],{"class":53},[223,53044,948,53046],{"id":53045},"using-extend",[15,53047,53048],{},"extend()",[30,53050,53052],{"className":32,"code":53051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,53053,53054,53070,53089,53093],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53055,53056,53058,53060,53062,53064,53066,53068],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53057,46],{"class":45},[39,53059,50],{"class":49},[39,53061,3249],{"class":53},[39,53063,58],{"class":57},[39,53065,61],{"class":53},[39,53067,64],{"class":57},[39,53069,3262],{"class":53},[39,53071,53072,53074,53076,53079,53081,53083,53085,53087],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53073,992],{"class":45},[39,53075,94],{"class":53},[39,53077,53078],{"class":97},"extend",[39,53080,2608],{"class":53},[39,53082,479],{"class":57},[39,53084,61],{"class":53},[39,53086,2080],{"class":57},[39,53088,3513],{"class":53},[39,53090,53091],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53092,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53094,53095,53097,53099,53101],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,53096,113],{"class":112},[39,53098,101],{"class":53},[39,53100,992],{"class":97},[39,53102,80],{"class":53},[20,53104,458],{},[30,53106,53108],{"className":32,"code":53107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,53109,53110],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53111,53112,53114,53116,53118,53120,53122,53124,53126,53128],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53113,3525],{"class":53},[39,53115,58],{"class":57},[39,53117,61],{"class":53},[39,53119,64],{"class":57},[39,53121,61],{"class":53},[39,53123,73],{"class":57},[39,53125,61],{"class":53},[39,53127,2080],{"class":57},[39,53129,3262],{"class":53},[20,53131,53132],{},"The difference:",[147,53134,53135,53141,53147,53152],{},[150,53136,53137,53140],{},[15,53138,53139],{},"append([3, 4])"," adds one item: the whole list",[150,53142,53143,53146],{},[15,53144,53145],{},"extend([3, 4])"," adds two separate items",[150,53148,128,53149,53151],{},[15,53150,52255],{}," for one item",[150,53153,128,53154,53156],{},[15,53155,53048],{}," for multiple items from another iterable",[20,53158,53159,53160,94],{},"For the full method reference, see ",[173,53161,53162],{"href":52946},"Python list extend() method",[134,53164,4141],{"id":4140},[223,53166,53168],{"id":53167},"assigning-the-result-of-append","Assigning the result of append()",[20,53170,25302],{},[30,53172,53174],{"className":32,"code":53173,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53175,53176,53196,53214,53218],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53177,53178,53180,53182,53184,53186,53188,53190,53192,53194],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53179,7397],{"class":45},[39,53181,50],{"class":49},[39,53183,3249],{"class":53},[39,53185,58],{"class":57},[39,53187,61],{"class":53},[39,53189,64],{"class":57},[39,53191,61],{"class":53},[39,53193,73],{"class":57},[39,53195,3262],{"class":53},[39,53197,53198,53200,53202,53204,53206,53208,53210,53212],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53199,7397],{"class":45},[39,53201,50],{"class":49},[39,53203,5582],{"class":45},[39,53205,94],{"class":53},[39,53207,13163],{"class":97},[39,53209,101],{"class":53},[39,53211,1333],{"class":57},[39,53213,80],{"class":53},[39,53215,53216],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53217,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53219,53220,53222,53224,53226],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,53221,113],{"class":112},[39,53223,101],{"class":53},[39,53225,7426],{"class":97},[39,53227,80],{"class":53},[20,53229,458],{},[30,53231,53232],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53233,53234],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53235,53236],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53237,11420],{"class":3477},[20,53239,11512],{},[147,53241,53242,53247,53253],{},[150,53243,53244,53246],{},[15,53245,52255],{}," changes the list in place",[150,53248,53249,476,53251],{},[15,53250,52255],{},[15,53252,3403],{},[150,53254,53255,53256,53259,53260],{},"So ",[15,53257,53258],{},"items = items.append(4)"," replaces your list with ",[15,53261,3403],{},[20,53263,10420],{},[30,53265,53267],{"className":32,"code":53266,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.append(4)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,53268,53269,53289,53303,53307],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53270,53271,53273,53275,53277,53279,53281,53283,53285,53287],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53272,7397],{"class":45},[39,53274,50],{"class":49},[39,53276,3249],{"class":53},[39,53278,58],{"class":57},[39,53280,61],{"class":53},[39,53282,64],{"class":57},[39,53284,61],{"class":53},[39,53286,73],{"class":57},[39,53288,3262],{"class":53},[39,53290,53291,53293,53295,53297,53299,53301],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53292,7426],{"class":45},[39,53294,94],{"class":53},[39,53296,13163],{"class":97},[39,53298,101],{"class":53},[39,53300,1333],{"class":57},[39,53302,80],{"class":53},[39,53304,53305],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53306,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53308,53309,53311,53313,53315],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,53310,113],{"class":112},[39,53312,101],{"class":53},[39,53314,7426],{"class":97},[39,53316,80],{"class":53},[20,53318,458],{},[30,53320,53321],{"className":32,"code":53107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53322,53323],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53324,53325,53327,53329,53331,53333,53335,53337,53339,53341],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53326,3525],{"class":53},[39,53328,58],{"class":57},[39,53330,61],{"class":53},[39,53332,64],{"class":57},[39,53334,61],{"class":53},[39,53336,73],{"class":57},[39,53338,61],{"class":53},[39,53340,2080],{"class":57},[39,53342,3262],{"class":53},[223,53344,53346],{"id":53345},"expecting-append-to-return-the-updated-list","Expecting append() to return the updated list",[20,53348,18526],{},[30,53350,53352],{"className":32,"code":53351,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"updated = [1, 2].append(3)\nprint(updated)\n",[15,53353,53354,53378],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53355,53356,53358,53360,53362,53364,53366,53368,53370,53372,53374,53376],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53357,31496],{"class":45},[39,53359,50],{"class":49},[39,53361,3249],{"class":53},[39,53363,58],{"class":57},[39,53365,61],{"class":53},[39,53367,64],{"class":57},[39,53369,13160],{"class":53},[39,53371,13163],{"class":97},[39,53373,101],{"class":53},[39,53375,479],{"class":57},[39,53377,80],{"class":53},[39,53379,53380,53382,53384,53386],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53381,113],{"class":112},[39,53383,101],{"class":53},[39,53385,31515],{"class":97},[39,53387,80],{"class":53},[20,53389,458],{},[30,53391,53392],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53393,53394],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53395,53396],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53397,11420],{"class":3477},[20,53399,53400,53401,53403],{},"Remember: ",[15,53402,52255],{}," updates the list you already have.",[223,53405,53407],{"id":53406},"using-append-when-extend-is-needed","Using append() when extend() is needed",[30,53409,53410],{"className":32,"code":52855,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53411,53412,53428,53446,53450],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53413,53414,53416,53418,53420,53422,53424,53426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53415,46],{"class":45},[39,53417,50],{"class":49},[39,53419,3249],{"class":53},[39,53421,58],{"class":57},[39,53423,61],{"class":53},[39,53425,64],{"class":57},[39,53427,3262],{"class":53},[39,53429,53430,53432,53434,53436,53438,53440,53442,53444],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53431,992],{"class":45},[39,53433,94],{"class":53},[39,53435,13163],{"class":97},[39,53437,2608],{"class":53},[39,53439,479],{"class":57},[39,53441,61],{"class":53},[39,53443,2080],{"class":57},[39,53445,3513],{"class":53},[39,53447,53448],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53449,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53451,53452,53454,53456,53458],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,53453,113],{"class":112},[39,53455,101],{"class":53},[39,53457,992],{"class":97},[39,53459,80],{"class":53},[20,53461,458],{},[30,53463,53464],{"className":32,"code":52910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53465,53466],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53467,53468,53470,53472,53474,53476,53478,53480,53482,53484,53486],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53469,3525],{"class":53},[39,53471,58],{"class":57},[39,53473,61],{"class":53},[39,53475,64],{"class":57},[39,53477,61],{"class":53},[39,53479,3249],{"class":53},[39,53481,479],{"class":57},[39,53483,61],{"class":53},[39,53485,2080],{"class":57},[39,53487,52844],{"class":53},[20,53489,2792,53490,53493,53494,6247],{},[15,53491,53492],{},"[1, 2, 3, 4]",", use ",[15,53495,53048],{},[223,53497,53499],{"id":53498},"forgetting-that-append-always-adds-at-the-end","Forgetting that append() always adds at the end",[20,53501,53502,53504],{},[15,53503,52255],{}," cannot choose a position. It always adds the new item at the end of the list.",[20,53506,53507,53508,94],{},"If you need to add an item at a specific index, use ",[173,53509,53511],{"href":53510},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method\u002F",[15,53512,53513],{},"list.insert()",[20,53515,515],{},[30,53517,53519],{"className":32,"code":53518,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,53520,53521,53545,53568,53572],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53522,53523,53525,53527,53529,53531,53533,53535,53537,53539,53541,53543],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53524,1053],{"class":45},[39,53526,50],{"class":49},[39,53528,3249],{"class":53},[39,53530,244],{"class":243},[39,53532,173],{"class":247},[39,53534,244],{"class":243},[39,53536,61],{"class":53},[39,53538,255],{"class":243},[39,53540,9352],{"class":247},[39,53542,244],{"class":243},[39,53544,3262],{"class":53},[39,53546,53547,53549,53551,53554,53556,53558,53560,53562,53564,53566],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53548,35757],{"class":45},[39,53550,94],{"class":53},[39,53552,53553],{"class":97},"insert",[39,53555,101],{"class":53},[39,53557,58],{"class":57},[39,53559,61],{"class":53},[39,53561,255],{"class":243},[39,53563,1070],{"class":247},[39,53565,244],{"class":243},[39,53567,80],{"class":53},[39,53569,53570],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53571,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53573,53574,53576,53578,53580],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,53575,113],{"class":112},[39,53577,101],{"class":53},[39,53579,35757],{"class":97},[39,53581,80],{"class":53},[20,53583,458],{},[30,53585,53586],{"className":32,"code":42483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53587,53588],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53589,53590,53592,53594,53596,53598,53600,53602,53604,53606,53608,53610,53612,53614],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53591,3525],{"class":53},[39,53593,629],{"class":243},[39,53595,173],{"class":247},[39,53597,629],{"class":243},[39,53599,61],{"class":53},[39,53601,2920],{"class":243},[39,53603,1070],{"class":247},[39,53605,629],{"class":243},[39,53607,61],{"class":53},[39,53609,2920],{"class":243},[39,53611,9352],{"class":247},[39,53613,629],{"class":243},[39,53615,3262],{"class":53},[134,53617,53619],{"id":53618},"when-to-use-append","When to use append()",[20,53621,53622,53624],{},[15,53623,52255],{}," is useful when you are adding items one at a time.",[20,53626,36039],{},[147,53628,53629,53632,53635,53638],{},[150,53630,53631],{},"building a list in a loop",[150,53633,53634],{},"collecting user input",[150,53636,53637],{},"storing results step by step",[150,53639,53640],{},"adding one new item to existing data",[20,53642,53643],{},"Example with a loop:",[30,53645,53647],{"className":32,"code":53646,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"squares = []\n\nfor number in range(1, 5):\n    squares.append(number * number)\n\nprint(squares)\n",[15,53648,53649,53658,53662,53683,53702,53706],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53650,53651,53654,53656],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53652,53653],{"class":45},"squares ",[39,53655,50],{"class":49},[39,53657,7455],{"class":53},[39,53659,53660],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53661,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53663,53664,53666,53668,53670,53673,53675,53677,53679,53681],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53665,5574],{"class":572},[39,53667,6002],{"class":45},[39,53669,1128],{"class":572},[39,53671,53672],{"class":112}," range",[39,53674,101],{"class":53},[39,53676,58],{"class":57},[39,53678,61],{"class":53},[39,53680,4228],{"class":57},[39,53682,7958],{"class":53},[39,53684,53685,53688,53690,53692,53694,53696,53698,53700],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,53686,53687],{"class":45},"    squares",[39,53689,94],{"class":53},[39,53691,13163],{"class":97},[39,53693,101],{"class":53},[39,53695,1842],{"class":97},[39,53697,39483],{"class":49},[39,53699,1822],{"class":97},[39,53701,80],{"class":53},[39,53703,53704],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,53705,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53707,53708,53710,53712,53715],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,53709,113],{"class":112},[39,53711,101],{"class":53},[39,53713,53714],{"class":97},"squares",[39,53716,80],{"class":53},[20,53718,458],{},[30,53720,53722],{"className":32,"code":53721,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 4, 9, 16]\n",[15,53723,53724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53725,53726,53728,53730,53732,53734,53736,53738,53740,53742],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53727,3525],{"class":53},[39,53729,58],{"class":57},[39,53731,61],{"class":53},[39,53733,2080],{"class":57},[39,53735,61],{"class":53},[39,53737,1343],{"class":57},[39,53739,61],{"class":53},[39,53741,13598],{"class":57},[39,53743,3262],{"class":53},[134,53745,1454],{"id":1453},[223,53747,53749],{"id":53748},"does-append-return-a-new-list","Does append() return a new list?",[20,53751,45971,53752,53754,53755,94],{},[15,53753,52255],{}," changes the original list and returns ",[15,53756,3403],{},[223,53758,53760],{"id":53759},"can-append-add-multiple-items-at-once","Can append() add multiple items at once?",[20,53762,53763,53764,94],{},"No. It adds one item. To add multiple items from another iterable, use ",[173,53765,53766],{"href":52946},[15,53767,53048],{},[223,53769,53771],{"id":53770},"what-happens-if-i-append-a-list","What happens if I append a list?",[20,53773,53774],{},"The whole list is added as one item at the end, creating a nested list.",[20,53776,515],{},[30,53778,53780],{"className":32,"code":53779,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [1, 2]\ndata.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,53781,53782,53798,53816,53820],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53783,53784,53786,53788,53790,53792,53794,53796],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53785,8778],{"class":45},[39,53787,50],{"class":49},[39,53789,3249],{"class":53},[39,53791,58],{"class":57},[39,53793,61],{"class":53},[39,53795,64],{"class":57},[39,53797,3262],{"class":53},[39,53799,53800,53802,53804,53806,53808,53810,53812,53814],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53801,8817],{"class":45},[39,53803,94],{"class":53},[39,53805,13163],{"class":97},[39,53807,2608],{"class":53},[39,53809,479],{"class":57},[39,53811,61],{"class":53},[39,53813,2080],{"class":57},[39,53815,3513],{"class":53},[39,53817,53818],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53819,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,53821,53822,53824,53826,53828],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,53823,113],{"class":112},[39,53825,101],{"class":53},[39,53827,8817],{"class":97},[39,53829,80],{"class":53},[20,53831,458],{},[30,53833,53834],{"className":32,"code":52910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,53835,53836],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53837,53838,53840,53842,53844,53846,53848,53850,53852,53854,53856],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53839,3525],{"class":53},[39,53841,58],{"class":57},[39,53843,61],{"class":53},[39,53845,64],{"class":57},[39,53847,61],{"class":53},[39,53849,3249],{"class":53},[39,53851,479],{"class":57},[39,53853,61],{"class":53},[39,53855,2080],{"class":57},[39,53857,52844],{"class":53},[223,53859,53861],{"id":53860},"what-is-the-difference-between-append-and-insert","What is the difference between append() and insert()?",[20,53863,53864,53866,53867,53870],{},[15,53865,52255],{}," adds at the end. ",[15,53868,53869],{},"insert()"," adds at a specific position.",[134,53872,1514],{"id":1513},[147,53874,53875,53880,53884,53889,53893],{},[150,53876,53877],{},[173,53878,53879],{"href":52650},"How to add an item to a list in Python",[150,53881,53882],{},[173,53883,53162],{"href":52946},[150,53885,53886],{},[173,53887,53888],{"href":53510},"Python list insert() method",[150,53890,53891],{},[173,53892,52374],{"href":50585},[150,53894,53895],{},[173,53896,53898],{"href":53897},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fattributeerror-list-object-has-no-attribute-fix\u002F","Fix list-related AttributeError problems",[1550,53900,53901],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":53903},[53904,53905,53906,53907,53908,53909,53915,53921,53922,53928],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":52334,"depth":83,"text":52335},{"id":5046,"depth":83,"text":5047},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":52654,"depth":83,"text":52655},{"id":52953,"depth":83,"text":52954,"children":53910},[53911,53913],{"id":52960,"depth":109,"text":53912},"Using append()",{"id":53045,"depth":109,"text":53914},"Using extend()",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":53916},[53917,53918,53919,53920],{"id":53167,"depth":109,"text":53168},{"id":53345,"depth":109,"text":53346},{"id":53406,"depth":109,"text":53407},{"id":53498,"depth":109,"text":53499},{"id":53618,"depth":83,"text":53619},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":53923},[53924,53925,53926,53927],{"id":53748,"depth":109,"text":53749},{"id":53759,"depth":109,"text":53760},{"id":53770,"depth":109,"text":53771},{"id":53860,"depth":109,"text":53861},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list append method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method",{"title":52245,"description":53929},"reference\u002Fpython-list-append-method","cBBksi6Gcs0V4z_ykk5oU9TSrL_TTVPGb-hIaffmg1I",{"id":53936,"title":53937,"body":53938,"description":55182,"extension":1587,"meta":55183,"navigation":420,"path":55184,"seo":55185,"stem":55186,"__hash__":55187},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method.md","Python List clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":53939,"toc":55147},[53940,53946,53952,53958,53960,54008,54013,54018,54022,54038,54044,54046,54049,54064,54066,54077,54079,54081,54138,54140,54148,54150,54166,54172,54174,54180,54184,54268,54271,54320,54327,54335,54338,54352,54365,54371,54446,54453,54460,54534,54542,54545,54556,54565,54569,54573,54584,54586,54663,54684,54686,54696,54699,54747,54749,54770,54773,54775,54826,54832,54839,54906,54912,54918,54921,54948,54953,54959,54962,55034,55037,55048,55054,55056,55062,55065,55071,55077,55084,55092,55098,55104,55106,55144],[10,53941,53943,53944,18],{"id":53942},"python-list-clear-method","Python List ",[15,53945,10935],{},[20,53947,53948,53951],{},[15,53949,53950],{},"list.clear()"," removes every item from a list.",[20,53953,53954,53955,53957],{},"Use it when you want to empty an existing list ",[3367,53956,10947],{},". This is useful when you want to keep using the same list object, but remove all of its contents.",[134,53959,3235],{"id":3234},[30,53961,53963],{"className":32,"code":53962,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,53964,53965,53985,53995],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,53966,53967,53969,53971,53973,53975,53977,53979,53981,53983],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,53968,7397],{"class":45},[39,53970,50],{"class":49},[39,53972,3249],{"class":53},[39,53974,58],{"class":57},[39,53976,61],{"class":53},[39,53978,64],{"class":57},[39,53980,61],{"class":53},[39,53982,73],{"class":57},[39,53984,3262],{"class":53},[39,53986,53987,53989,53991,53993],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,53988,7426],{"class":45},[39,53990,94],{"class":53},[39,53992,10996],{"class":97},[39,53994,8257],{"class":53},[39,53996,53997,53999,54001,54003,54005],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,53998,113],{"class":112},[39,54000,101],{"class":53},[39,54002,7426],{"class":97},[39,54004,121],{"class":53},[39,54006,54007],{"class":124},"  # []\n",[20,54009,128,54010,54012],{},[15,54011,10935],{}," to remove all items from an existing list in place.",[134,54014,137,54016,140],{"id":54015},"what-listclear-does",[15,54017,53950],{},[20,54019,54020,145],{},[15,54021,53950],{},[147,54023,54024,54027,54030,54035],{},[150,54025,54026],{},"Removes every item from a list",[150,54028,54029],{},"Changes the original list in place",[150,54031,54032,54033],{},"Leaves you with an empty list: ",[15,54034,3412],{},[150,54036,54037],{},"Takes no arguments",[20,54039,54040,54041,54043],{},"This means the list still exists after calling ",[15,54042,10935],{},", but it contains no values.",[134,54045,1781],{"id":1780},[20,54047,54048],{},"Syntax:",[30,54050,54052],{"className":32,"code":54051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.clear()\n",[15,54053,54054],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54055,54056,54058,54060,54062],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54057,7955],{"class":45},[39,54059,94],{"class":53},[39,54061,10996],{"class":97},[39,54063,8257],{"class":53},[20,54065,11071],{},[147,54067,54068,54071,54074],{},[150,54069,54070],{},"Call it on a list object",[150,54072,54073],{},"Do not pass values inside the parentheses",[150,54075,54076],{},"Include the parentheses so the method actually runs",[134,54078,355],{"id":354},[20,54080,11089],{},[30,54082,54084],{"className":32,"code":54083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nnumbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,54085,54086,54110,54114,54124,54128],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54087,54088,54090,54092,54094,54096,54098,54100,54102,54104,54106,54108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54089,46],{"class":45},[39,54091,50],{"class":49},[39,54093,3249],{"class":53},[39,54095,682],{"class":57},[39,54097,61],{"class":53},[39,54099,687],{"class":57},[39,54101,61],{"class":53},[39,54103,697],{"class":57},[39,54105,61],{"class":53},[39,54107,50449],{"class":57},[39,54109,3262],{"class":53},[39,54111,54112],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54113,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54115,54116,54118,54120,54122],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54117,992],{"class":45},[39,54119,94],{"class":53},[39,54121,10996],{"class":97},[39,54123,8257],{"class":53},[39,54125,54126],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,54127,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54129,54130,54132,54134,54136],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,54131,113],{"class":112},[39,54133,101],{"class":53},[39,54135,992],{"class":97},[39,54137,80],{"class":53},[20,54139,458],{},[30,54141,54142],{"className":32,"code":37908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,54143,54144],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54145,54146],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54147,37908],{"class":53},[20,54149,11295],{},[147,54151,54152,54157,54163],{},[150,54153,54154,54156],{},[15,54155,992],{}," starts with four items",[150,54158,54159,54162],{},[15,54160,54161],{},"numbers.clear()"," removes all of them",[150,54164,54165],{},"Printing the list shows that it is now empty",[20,54167,54168,54169,94],{},"If you are new to lists, see ",[173,54170,52374],{"href":54171},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-lists-explained-beginner-guide",[134,54173,17032],{"id":17031},[20,54175,54176,476,54178,94],{},[15,54177,10935],{},[15,54179,3403],{},[20,54181,40517,54182,52270],{},[3367,54183,4254],{},[30,54185,54187],{"className":32,"code":54186,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(items)   # []\nprint(result)  # None\n",[15,54188,54189,54221,54225,54239,54243,54256],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54190,54191,54193,54195,54197,54199,54201,54203,54205,54207,54209,54211,54213,54215,54217,54219],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54192,7397],{"class":45},[39,54194,50],{"class":49},[39,54196,3249],{"class":53},[39,54198,244],{"class":243},[39,54200,173],{"class":247},[39,54202,244],{"class":243},[39,54204,61],{"class":53},[39,54206,255],{"class":243},[39,54208,1070],{"class":247},[39,54210,244],{"class":243},[39,54212,61],{"class":53},[39,54214,255],{"class":243},[39,54216,9352],{"class":247},[39,54218,244],{"class":243},[39,54220,3262],{"class":53},[39,54222,54223],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54224,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54226,54227,54229,54231,54233,54235,54237],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54228,86],{"class":45},[39,54230,50],{"class":49},[39,54232,5582],{"class":45},[39,54234,94],{"class":53},[39,54236,10996],{"class":97},[39,54238,8257],{"class":53},[39,54240,54241],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,54242,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54244,54245,54247,54249,54251,54253],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,54246,113],{"class":112},[39,54248,101],{"class":53},[39,54250,7426],{"class":97},[39,54252,121],{"class":53},[39,54254,54255],{"class":124},"   # []\n",[39,54257,54258,54260,54262,54264,54266],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,54259,113],{"class":112},[39,54261,101],{"class":53},[39,54263,118],{"class":97},[39,54265,121],{"class":53},[39,54267,20488],{"class":124},[20,54269,54270],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. If you write:",[30,54272,54274],{"className":32,"code":54273,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems = items.clear()\nprint(items)\n",[15,54275,54276,54296,54310],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54277,54278,54280,54282,54284,54286,54288,54290,54292,54294],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54279,7397],{"class":45},[39,54281,50],{"class":49},[39,54283,3249],{"class":53},[39,54285,58],{"class":57},[39,54287,61],{"class":53},[39,54289,64],{"class":57},[39,54291,61],{"class":53},[39,54293,73],{"class":57},[39,54295,3262],{"class":53},[39,54297,54298,54300,54302,54304,54306,54308],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54299,7397],{"class":45},[39,54301,50],{"class":49},[39,54303,5582],{"class":45},[39,54305,94],{"class":53},[39,54307,10996],{"class":97},[39,54309,8257],{"class":53},[39,54311,54312,54314,54316,54318],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54313,113],{"class":112},[39,54315,101],{"class":53},[39,54317,7426],{"class":97},[39,54319,80],{"class":53},[20,54321,11527,54322,41764,54324,54326],{},[15,54323,7426],{},[15,54325,3403],{},", not an empty list.",[134,54328,54330,54332,54333],{"id":54329},"clear-vs-assigning",[15,54331,10935],{}," vs assigning ",[15,54334,3412],{},[20,54336,54337],{},"These two lines may look similar, but they are not the same:",[30,54339,54340],{"className":32,"code":54051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,54341,54342],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54343,54344,54346,54348,54350],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54345,7955],{"class":45},[39,54347,94],{"class":53},[39,54349,10996],{"class":97},[39,54351,8257],{"class":53},[30,54353,54355],{"className":32,"code":54354,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = []\n",[15,54356,54357],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54358,54359,54361,54363],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54360,7924],{"class":45},[39,54362,50],{"class":49},[39,54364,7455],{"class":53},[223,54366,54368,54370],{"id":54367},"clear-empties-the-same-list-object",[15,54369,10935],{}," empties the same list object",[30,54372,54374],{"className":32,"code":54373,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # []\n",[15,54375,54376,54396,54404,54408,54418,54422,54434],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54377,54378,54380,54382,54384,54386,54388,54390,54392,54394],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54379,2176],{"class":45},[39,54381,50],{"class":49},[39,54383,3249],{"class":53},[39,54385,58],{"class":57},[39,54387,61],{"class":53},[39,54389,64],{"class":57},[39,54391,61],{"class":53},[39,54393,73],{"class":57},[39,54395,3262],{"class":53},[39,54397,54398,54400,54402],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54399,2204],{"class":45},[39,54401,50],{"class":49},[39,54403,35789],{"class":45},[39,54405,54406],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54407,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54409,54410,54412,54414,54416],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,54411,173],{"class":45},[39,54413,94],{"class":53},[39,54415,10996],{"class":97},[39,54417,8257],{"class":53},[39,54419,54420],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,54421,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54423,54424,54426,54428,54430,54432],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,54425,113],{"class":112},[39,54427,101],{"class":53},[39,54429,173],{"class":97},[39,54431,121],{"class":53},[39,54433,54007],{"class":124},[39,54435,54436,54438,54440,54442,54444],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,54437,113],{"class":112},[39,54439,101],{"class":53},[39,54441,1070],{"class":97},[39,54443,121],{"class":53},[39,54445,54007],{"class":124},[20,54447,10203,54448,796,54450,54452],{},[15,54449,173],{},[15,54451,1070],{}," point to the same list, so clearing it affects both variables.",[223,54454,54456,54459],{"id":54455},"my_list-creates-a-new-empty-list",[15,54457,54458],{},"my_list = []"," creates a new empty list",[30,54461,54463],{"className":32,"code":54462,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\n\na = []\n\nprint(a)  # []\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54464,54465,54485,54493,54497,54505,54509,54521],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54466,54467,54469,54471,54473,54475,54477,54479,54481,54483],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54468,2176],{"class":45},[39,54470,50],{"class":49},[39,54472,3249],{"class":53},[39,54474,58],{"class":57},[39,54476,61],{"class":53},[39,54478,64],{"class":57},[39,54480,61],{"class":53},[39,54482,73],{"class":57},[39,54484,3262],{"class":53},[39,54486,54487,54489,54491],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54488,2204],{"class":45},[39,54490,50],{"class":49},[39,54492,35789],{"class":45},[39,54494,54495],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54496,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54498,54499,54501,54503],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,54500,2176],{"class":45},[39,54502,50],{"class":49},[39,54504,7455],{"class":53},[39,54506,54507],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,54508,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54510,54511,54513,54515,54517,54519],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,54512,113],{"class":112},[39,54514,101],{"class":53},[39,54516,173],{"class":97},[39,54518,121],{"class":53},[39,54520,54007],{"class":124},[39,54522,54523,54525,54527,54529,54531],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,54524,113],{"class":112},[39,54526,101],{"class":53},[39,54528,1070],{"class":97},[39,54530,121],{"class":53},[39,54532,54533],{"class":124},"  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[20,54535,20383,54536,54538,54539,54541],{},[15,54537,173],{}," now points to a new empty list. But ",[15,54540,1070],{}," still points to the original list.",[20,54543,54544],{},"This difference matters when:",[147,54546,54547,54550,54553],{},[150,54548,54549],{},"Two variables refer to the same list",[150,54551,54552],{},"A list is shared between parts of a program",[150,54554,54555],{},"You want to empty the original list instead of replacing it",[20,54557,54558,54559,94],{},"This idea is also helpful when learning ",[173,54560,54562,54563,1533],{"href":54561},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method\u002F","the list ",[15,54564,12388],{},[134,54566,4584,54567],{"id":12049},[15,54568,10935],{},[20,54570,128,54571,5933],{},[15,54572,10935],{},[147,54574,54575,54578,54581],{},[150,54576,54577],{},"Reset a list before reusing it",[150,54579,54580],{},"Empty shared list data in place",[150,54582,54583],{},"Remove all items without deleting the list variable",[20,54585,515],{},[30,54587,54589],{"className":32,"code":54588,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"shopping_cart = [\"milk\", \"bread\", \"eggs\"]\n\n# Order completed, reuse the same list\nshopping_cart.clear()\n\nprint(shopping_cart)  # []\n",[15,54590,54591,54627,54631,54636,54647,54651],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54592,54593,54596,54598,54600,54602,54605,54607,54609,54611,54614,54616,54618,54620,54623,54625],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54594,54595],{"class":45},"shopping_cart ",[39,54597,50],{"class":49},[39,54599,3249],{"class":53},[39,54601,244],{"class":243},[39,54603,54604],{"class":247},"milk",[39,54606,244],{"class":243},[39,54608,61],{"class":53},[39,54610,255],{"class":243},[39,54612,54613],{"class":247},"bread",[39,54615,244],{"class":243},[39,54617,61],{"class":53},[39,54619,255],{"class":243},[39,54621,54622],{"class":247},"eggs",[39,54624,244],{"class":243},[39,54626,3262],{"class":53},[39,54628,54629],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54630,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54632,54633],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54634,54635],{"class":124},"# Order completed, reuse the same list\n",[39,54637,54638,54641,54643,54645],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,54639,54640],{"class":45},"shopping_cart",[39,54642,94],{"class":53},[39,54644,10996],{"class":97},[39,54646,8257],{"class":53},[39,54648,54649],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,54650,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54652,54653,54655,54657,54659,54661],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,54654,113],{"class":112},[39,54656,101],{"class":53},[39,54658,54640],{"class":97},[39,54660,121],{"class":53},[39,54662,54007],{"class":124},[20,54664,54665,54666,54670,54671,54677,54678,94],{},"If you only want to remove one item, see ",[173,54667,54669],{"href":54668},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-an-item-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove an item from a list in Python"," or the ",[173,54672,54674,1533],{"href":54673},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method\u002F",[15,54675,54676],{},"list.remove()",". If you want to remove and return one item, see the ",[173,54679,54681,1533],{"href":54680},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method\u002F",[15,54682,54683],{},"list.pop()",[134,54685,4141],{"id":4140},[223,54687,54689,54690,10705,54693],{"id":54688},"writing-my_listclear-instead-of-my_listclear","Writing ",[15,54691,54692],{},"my_list.clear",[15,54694,54695],{},"my_list.clear()",[20,54697,54698],{},"This does not call the method.",[30,54700,54702],{"className":32,"code":54701,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear\nprint(items)\n",[15,54703,54704,54724,54728,54737],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54705,54706,54708,54710,54712,54714,54716,54718,54720,54722],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54707,7397],{"class":45},[39,54709,50],{"class":49},[39,54711,3249],{"class":53},[39,54713,58],{"class":57},[39,54715,61],{"class":53},[39,54717,64],{"class":57},[39,54719,61],{"class":53},[39,54721,73],{"class":57},[39,54723,3262],{"class":53},[39,54725,54726],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54727,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54729,54730,54732,54734],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54731,7426],{"class":45},[39,54733,94],{"class":53},[39,54735,54736],{"class":997},"clear\n",[39,54738,54739,54741,54743,54745],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,54740,113],{"class":112},[39,54742,101],{"class":53},[39,54744,7426],{"class":97},[39,54746,80],{"class":53},[20,54748,458],{},[30,54750,54752],{"className":32,"code":54751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,54753,54754],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54755,54756,54758,54760,54762,54764,54766,54768],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54757,3525],{"class":53},[39,54759,58],{"class":57},[39,54761,61],{"class":53},[39,54763,64],{"class":57},[39,54765,61],{"class":53},[39,54767,73],{"class":57},[39,54769,3262],{"class":53},[20,54771,54772],{},"Nothing changes because the method was not run.",[20,54774,10420],{},[30,54776,54778],{"className":32,"code":54777,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\n\nitems.clear()\nprint(items)  # []\n",[15,54779,54780,54800,54804,54814],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54781,54782,54784,54786,54788,54790,54792,54794,54796,54798],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54783,7397],{"class":45},[39,54785,50],{"class":49},[39,54787,3249],{"class":53},[39,54789,58],{"class":57},[39,54791,61],{"class":53},[39,54793,64],{"class":57},[39,54795,61],{"class":53},[39,54797,73],{"class":57},[39,54799,3262],{"class":53},[39,54801,54802],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54803,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54805,54806,54808,54810,54812],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54807,7426],{"class":45},[39,54809,94],{"class":53},[39,54811,10996],{"class":97},[39,54813,8257],{"class":53},[39,54815,54816,54818,54820,54822,54824],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,54817,113],{"class":112},[39,54819,101],{"class":53},[39,54821,7426],{"class":97},[39,54823,121],{"class":53},[39,54825,54007],{"class":124},[223,54827,1030,54829,54831],{"id":54828},"expecting-clear-to-return-the-emptied-list",[15,54830,10935],{}," to return the emptied list",[20,54833,54834,476,54836,54838],{},[15,54835,10935],{},[15,54837,3403],{},", not the list.",[30,54840,54842],{"className":32,"code":54841,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = items.clear()\n\nprint(result)  # None\nprint(items)   # []\n",[15,54843,54844,54864,54878,54882,54894],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54845,54846,54848,54850,54852,54854,54856,54858,54860,54862],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54847,7397],{"class":45},[39,54849,50],{"class":49},[39,54851,3249],{"class":53},[39,54853,58],{"class":57},[39,54855,61],{"class":53},[39,54857,64],{"class":57},[39,54859,61],{"class":53},[39,54861,73],{"class":57},[39,54863,3262],{"class":53},[39,54865,54866,54868,54870,54872,54874,54876],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54867,86],{"class":45},[39,54869,50],{"class":49},[39,54871,5582],{"class":45},[39,54873,94],{"class":53},[39,54875,10996],{"class":97},[39,54877,8257],{"class":53},[39,54879,54880],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54881,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,54883,54884,54886,54888,54890,54892],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,54885,113],{"class":112},[39,54887,101],{"class":53},[39,54889,118],{"class":97},[39,54891,121],{"class":53},[39,54893,20488],{"class":124},[39,54895,54896,54898,54900,54902,54904],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,54897,113],{"class":112},[39,54899,101],{"class":53},[39,54901,7426],{"class":97},[39,54903,121],{"class":53},[39,54905,54255],{"class":124},[223,54907,948,54909,54911],{"id":54908},"using-clear-on-a-value-that-is-not-a-list",[15,54910,10935],{}," on a value that is not a list",[20,54913,54914,54915,54917],{},"Some types have a ",[15,54916,10935],{}," method, but not all of them.",[20,54919,54920],{},"This will fail:",[30,54922,54924],{"className":32,"code":54923,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.clear()\n",[15,54925,54926,54938],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54927,54928,54930,54932,54934,54936],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54929,34302],{"class":45},[39,54931,50],{"class":49},[39,54933,255],{"class":243},[39,54935,3470],{"class":247},[39,54937,2983],{"class":243},[39,54939,54940,54942,54944,54946],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54941,34323],{"class":45},[39,54943,94],{"class":53},[39,54945,10996],{"class":97},[39,54947,8257],{"class":53},[20,54949,54950,54951,33214],{},"A string does not have a ",[15,54952,10935],{},[20,54954,54955,54956,54958],{},"You may also get errors if your variable is ",[15,54957,3403],{}," or another unexpected type. If that happens, print the type first.",[20,54960,54961],{},"Useful checks:",[30,54963,54965],{"className":32,"code":54964,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(id(my_list))\nother = my_list\nmy_list.clear()\nprint(other)\n",[15,54966,54967,54977,54991,55005,55014,55024],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,54968,54969,54971,54973,54975],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,54970,113],{"class":112},[39,54972,101],{"class":53},[39,54974,7955],{"class":97},[39,54976,80],{"class":53},[39,54978,54979,54981,54983,54985,54987,54989],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,54980,113],{"class":112},[39,54982,101],{"class":53},[39,54984,2845],{"class":2523},[39,54986,101],{"class":53},[39,54988,7955],{"class":97},[39,54990,1026],{"class":53},[39,54992,54993,54995,54997,54999,55001,55003],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,54994,113],{"class":112},[39,54996,101],{"class":53},[39,54998,12261],{"class":112},[39,55000,101],{"class":53},[39,55002,7955],{"class":97},[39,55004,1026],{"class":53},[39,55006,55007,55009,55011],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,55008,43157],{"class":45},[39,55010,50],{"class":49},[39,55012,55013],{"class":45}," my_list\n",[39,55015,55016,55018,55020,55022],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,55017,7955],{"class":45},[39,55019,94],{"class":53},[39,55021,10996],{"class":97},[39,55023,8257],{"class":53},[39,55025,55026,55028,55030,55032],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,55027,113],{"class":112},[39,55029,101],{"class":53},[39,55031,30356],{"class":97},[39,55033,80],{"class":53},[20,55035,55036],{},"These can help you see:",[147,55038,55039,55042,55045],{},[150,55040,55041],{},"What the variable currently contains",[150,55043,55044],{},"Whether it is really a list",[150,55046,55047],{},"Whether two variables point to the same object",[20,55049,55050,55051,94],{},"If you run into method-related problems, you may also need help with ",[173,55052,55053],{"href":53897},"fixing attribute errors in Python",[134,55055,1454],{"id":1453},[223,55057,1468,55059,55061],{"id":55058},"does-listclear-delete-the-list",[15,55060,53950],{}," delete the list?",[20,55063,55064],{},"No. It keeps the list object but removes all items from it.",[223,55066,1468,55068,55070],{"id":55067},"does-listclear-return-a-new-list",[15,55069,53950],{}," return a new list?",[20,55072,55073,55074,55076],{},"No. It returns ",[15,55075,3403],{}," and changes the existing list in place.",[223,55078,1497,55080,796,55082,929],{"id":55079},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-my_list",[15,55081,10935],{},[15,55083,54458],{},[20,55085,55086,55088,55089,55091],{},[15,55087,10935],{}," empties the same list object. ",[15,55090,54458],{}," points the variable to a new empty list.",[223,55093,27940,55095,55097],{"id":55094},"can-i-use-clear-on-other-types",[15,55096,10935],{}," on other types?",[20,55099,55100,55101,55103],{},"Some types like dictionaries and sets also have ",[15,55102,10935],{},", but strings and tuples do not.",[134,55105,1514],{"id":1513},[147,55107,55108,55112,55117,55124,55131,55137],{},[150,55109,55110],{},[173,55111,52374],{"href":54171},[150,55113,55114],{},[173,55115,55116],{"href":54668},"How to remove an item from a list in Python",[150,55118,55119],{},[173,55120,55121,55122,1533],{"href":54680},"Python list ",[15,55123,12374],{},[150,55125,55126],{},[173,55127,55121,55128,1533],{"href":54673},[15,55129,55130],{},"remove()",[150,55132,55133],{},[173,55134,55121,55135,1533],{"href":54561},[15,55136,12388],{},[150,55138,55139],{},[173,55140,29960,55141,33247],{"href":53897},[15,55142,55143],{},"'list' object has no attribute",[1550,55145,55146],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":55148},[55149,55150,55152,55153,55154,55155,55162,55163,55171,55181],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":54015,"depth":83,"text":55151},"What list.clear() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":54329,"depth":83,"text":55156,"children":55157},"clear() vs assigning []",[55158,55160],{"id":54367,"depth":109,"text":55159},"clear() empties the same list object",{"id":54455,"depth":109,"text":55161},"my_list = [] creates a new empty list",{"id":12049,"depth":83,"text":12420},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":55164},[55165,55167,55169],{"id":54688,"depth":109,"text":55166},"Writing my_list.clear instead of my_list.clear()",{"id":54828,"depth":109,"text":55168},"Expecting clear() to return the emptied list",{"id":54908,"depth":109,"text":55170},"Using clear() on a value that is not a list",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":55172},[55173,55175,55177,55179],{"id":55058,"depth":109,"text":55174},"Does list.clear() delete the list?",{"id":55067,"depth":109,"text":55176},"Does list.clear() return a new list?",{"id":55079,"depth":109,"text":55178},"What is the difference between clear() and my_list = []?",{"id":55094,"depth":109,"text":55180},"Can I use clear() on other types?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method",{"title":53937,"description":55182},"reference\u002Fpython-list-clear-method","99lr7F7Fwd7-AwSOSGz-bBA8zQ5YwXwJzSYBs0JP2O4",{"id":55189,"title":55190,"body":55191,"description":56876,"extension":1587,"meta":56877,"navigation":420,"path":56878,"seo":56879,"stem":56880,"__hash__":56881},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method.md","Python List copy() Method",{"type":7,"value":55192,"toc":56844},[55193,55198,55204,55212,55214,55303,55310,55315,55319,55333,55335,55412,55414,55475,55478,55480,55482,55503,55506,55520,55523,55568,55570,55578,55581,55587,55593,55596,55673,55675,55720,55723,55728,55811,55813,55854,55859,55863,55869,55871,55879,55882,55975,55977,56035,56038,56054,56059,56069,56074,56076,56081,56086,56089,56091,56148,56151,56204,56210,56215,56219,56236,56238,56322,56324,56365,56373,56375,56380,56386,56388,56451,56456,56526,56530,56565,56568,56570,56609,56613,56689,56695,56701,56706,56728,56731,56750,56758,56760,56766,56769,56776,56784,56789,56792,56796,56802,56810,56813,56815,56841],[10,55194,53943,55196,18],{"id":55195},"python-list-copy-method",[15,55197,12388],{},[20,55199,55200,55203],{},[15,55201,55202],{},"list.copy()"," creates a new list with the same items as an existing list.",[20,55205,55206,55207,13664,55209,55211],{},"This method is useful when you want to work with a list without changing the original one. It is especially important for beginners because using ",[15,55208,50],{},[3367,55210,4254],{}," make a real copy.",[134,55213,1629],{"id":1628},[30,55215,55217],{"className":32,"code":55216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\nnew_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(new_numbers)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55218,55219,55239,55254,55258,55273,55277,55290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55220,55221,55223,55225,55227,55229,55231,55233,55235,55237],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55222,46],{"class":45},[39,55224,50],{"class":49},[39,55226,3249],{"class":53},[39,55228,58],{"class":57},[39,55230,61],{"class":53},[39,55232,64],{"class":57},[39,55234,61],{"class":53},[39,55236,73],{"class":57},[39,55238,3262],{"class":53},[39,55240,55241,55244,55246,55248,55250,55252],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55242,55243],{"class":45},"new_numbers ",[39,55245,50],{"class":49},[39,55247,91],{"class":45},[39,55249,94],{"class":53},[39,55251,12523],{"class":97},[39,55253,8257],{"class":53},[39,55255,55256],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,55257,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55259,55260,55263,55265,55267,55269,55271],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,55261,55262],{"class":45},"new_numbers",[39,55264,94],{"class":53},[39,55266,13163],{"class":97},[39,55268,101],{"class":53},[39,55270,1333],{"class":57},[39,55272,80],{"class":53},[39,55274,55275],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,55276,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55278,55279,55281,55283,55285,55287],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,55280,113],{"class":112},[39,55282,101],{"class":53},[39,55284,992],{"class":97},[39,55286,121],{"class":53},[39,55288,55289],{"class":124},"      # [1, 2, 3]\n",[39,55291,55292,55294,55296,55298,55300],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,55293,113],{"class":112},[39,55295,101],{"class":53},[39,55297,55262],{"class":97},[39,55299,121],{"class":53},[39,55301,55302],{"class":124},"  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,55304,128,55305,55307,55308,94],{},[15,55306,55202],{}," when you want a new list object with the same items. This is a ",[3367,55309,12462],{},[134,55311,137,55313,140],{"id":55312},"what-listcopy-does",[15,55314,55202],{},[20,55316,55317,145],{},[15,55318,55202],{},[147,55320,55321,55324,55327,55330],{},[150,55322,55323],{},"Creates a new list with the same items as the original list",[150,55325,55326],{},"Returns that new list",[150,55328,55329],{},"Makes the original list and copied list different objects",[150,55331,55332],{},"Lets you change the new list without affecting the original list when the list contains simple values like numbers or strings",[20,55334,515],{},[30,55336,55338],{"className":32,"code":55337,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ncopied_fruits = fruits.copy()\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(copied_fruits)\n",[15,55339,55340,55372,55387,55391,55401],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55341,55342,55344,55346,55348,55350,55352,55354,55356,55358,55360,55362,55364,55366,55368,55370],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55343,368],{"class":45},[39,55345,50],{"class":49},[39,55347,3249],{"class":53},[39,55349,244],{"class":243},[39,55351,377],{"class":247},[39,55353,244],{"class":243},[39,55355,61],{"class":53},[39,55357,255],{"class":243},[39,55359,386],{"class":247},[39,55361,244],{"class":243},[39,55363,61],{"class":53},[39,55365,255],{"class":243},[39,55367,403],{"class":247},[39,55369,244],{"class":243},[39,55371,3262],{"class":53},[39,55373,55374,55377,55379,55381,55383,55385],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55375,55376],{"class":45},"copied_fruits ",[39,55378,50],{"class":49},[39,55380,430],{"class":45},[39,55382,94],{"class":53},[39,55384,12523],{"class":97},[39,55386,8257],{"class":53},[39,55388,55389],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,55390,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55392,55393,55395,55397,55399],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,55394,113],{"class":112},[39,55396,101],{"class":53},[39,55398,35904],{"class":97},[39,55400,80],{"class":53},[39,55402,55403,55405,55407,55410],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,55404,113],{"class":112},[39,55406,101],{"class":53},[39,55408,55409],{"class":97},"copied_fruits",[39,55411,80],{"class":53},[20,55413,458],{},[30,55415,55417],{"className":32,"code":55416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,55418,55419,55447],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55420,55421,55423,55425,55427,55429,55431,55433,55435,55437,55439,55441,55443,55445],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55422,3525],{"class":53},[39,55424,629],{"class":243},[39,55426,377],{"class":247},[39,55428,629],{"class":243},[39,55430,61],{"class":53},[39,55432,2920],{"class":243},[39,55434,386],{"class":247},[39,55436,629],{"class":243},[39,55438,61],{"class":53},[39,55440,2920],{"class":243},[39,55442,403],{"class":247},[39,55444,629],{"class":243},[39,55446,3262],{"class":53},[39,55448,55449,55451,55453,55455,55457,55459,55461,55463,55465,55467,55469,55471,55473],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55450,3525],{"class":53},[39,55452,629],{"class":243},[39,55454,377],{"class":247},[39,55456,629],{"class":243},[39,55458,61],{"class":53},[39,55460,2920],{"class":243},[39,55462,386],{"class":247},[39,55464,629],{"class":243},[39,55466,61],{"class":53},[39,55468,2920],{"class":243},[39,55470,403],{"class":247},[39,55472,629],{"class":243},[39,55474,3262],{"class":53},[20,55476,55477],{},"Even though the contents are the same, these are two different lists.",[134,55479,1781],{"id":1780},[20,55481,1784],{},[30,55483,55485],{"className":32,"code":55484,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"new_list = old_list.copy()\n",[15,55486,55487],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55488,55489,55492,55494,55497,55499,55501],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55490,55491],{"class":45},"new_list ",[39,55493,50],{"class":49},[39,55495,55496],{"class":45}," old_list",[39,55498,94],{"class":53},[39,55500,12523],{"class":97},[39,55502,8257],{"class":53},[20,55504,55505],{},"How it works:",[147,55507,55508,55514,55517],{},[150,55509,55510,55511,55513],{},"Call ",[15,55512,12388],{}," on an existing list",[150,55515,55516],{},"Save the returned value in a new variable",[150,55518,55519],{},"Use the new variable as your copied list",[20,55521,55522],{},"Example with an empty list:",[30,55524,55526],{"className":32,"code":55525,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_list = []\nnew_empty_list = empty_list.copy()\n\nprint(new_empty_list)\n",[15,55527,55528,55537,55553,55557],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55529,55530,55533,55535],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55531,55532],{"class":45},"empty_list ",[39,55534,50],{"class":49},[39,55536,7455],{"class":53},[39,55538,55539,55542,55544,55547,55549,55551],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55540,55541],{"class":45},"new_empty_list ",[39,55543,50],{"class":49},[39,55545,55546],{"class":45}," empty_list",[39,55548,94],{"class":53},[39,55550,12523],{"class":97},[39,55552,8257],{"class":53},[39,55554,55555],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,55556,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55558,55559,55561,55563,55566],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,55560,113],{"class":112},[39,55562,101],{"class":53},[39,55564,55565],{"class":97},"new_empty_list",[39,55567,80],{"class":53},[20,55569,458],{},[30,55571,55572],{"className":32,"code":37908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,55573,55574],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55575,55576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55577,37908],{"class":53},[20,55579,55580],{},"This works for both empty and non-empty lists.",[134,55582,55584,55585],{"id":55583},"why-not-use","Why not use ",[15,55586,50],{},[20,55588,948,55589,13664,55591,52270],{},[15,55590,50],{},[3367,55592,4254],{},[20,55594,55595],{},"It only creates a new variable that points to the same list in memory.",[30,55597,55599],{"className":32,"code":55598,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nsame_list = numbers\n\nsame_list.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(same_list)\n",[15,55600,55601,55621,55630,55634,55649,55653,55663],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55602,55603,55605,55607,55609,55611,55613,55615,55617,55619],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55604,46],{"class":45},[39,55606,50],{"class":49},[39,55608,3249],{"class":53},[39,55610,58],{"class":57},[39,55612,61],{"class":53},[39,55614,64],{"class":57},[39,55616,61],{"class":53},[39,55618,73],{"class":57},[39,55620,3262],{"class":53},[39,55622,55623,55626,55628],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55624,55625],{"class":45},"same_list ",[39,55627,50],{"class":49},[39,55629,43588],{"class":45},[39,55631,55632],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,55633,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55635,55636,55639,55641,55643,55645,55647],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,55637,55638],{"class":45},"same_list",[39,55640,94],{"class":53},[39,55642,13163],{"class":97},[39,55644,101],{"class":53},[39,55646,1333],{"class":57},[39,55648,80],{"class":53},[39,55650,55651],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,55652,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55654,55655,55657,55659,55661],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,55656,113],{"class":112},[39,55658,101],{"class":53},[39,55660,992],{"class":97},[39,55662,80],{"class":53},[39,55664,55665,55667,55669,55671],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,55666,113],{"class":112},[39,55668,101],{"class":53},[39,55670,55638],{"class":97},[39,55672,80],{"class":53},[20,55674,458],{},[30,55676,55678],{"className":32,"code":55677,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55679,55680,55700],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55681,55682,55684,55686,55688,55690,55692,55694,55696,55698],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55683,3525],{"class":53},[39,55685,58],{"class":57},[39,55687,61],{"class":53},[39,55689,64],{"class":57},[39,55691,61],{"class":53},[39,55693,73],{"class":57},[39,55695,61],{"class":53},[39,55697,2080],{"class":57},[39,55699,3262],{"class":53},[39,55701,55702,55704,55706,55708,55710,55712,55714,55716,55718],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55703,3525],{"class":53},[39,55705,58],{"class":57},[39,55707,61],{"class":53},[39,55709,64],{"class":57},[39,55711,61],{"class":53},[39,55713,73],{"class":57},[39,55715,61],{"class":53},[39,55717,2080],{"class":57},[39,55719,3262],{"class":53},[20,55721,55722],{},"Both variables refer to the same list, so changing one also changes the other.",[20,55724,55725,55726,145],{},"Now compare that with ",[15,55727,12388],{},[30,55729,55731],{"className":32,"code":55730,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n\ncopied_numbers.append(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(copied_numbers)\n",[15,55732,55733,55753,55768,55772,55787,55791,55801],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55734,55735,55737,55739,55741,55743,55745,55747,55749,55751],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55736,46],{"class":45},[39,55738,50],{"class":49},[39,55740,3249],{"class":53},[39,55742,58],{"class":57},[39,55744,61],{"class":53},[39,55746,64],{"class":57},[39,55748,61],{"class":53},[39,55750,73],{"class":57},[39,55752,3262],{"class":53},[39,55754,55755,55758,55760,55762,55764,55766],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55756,55757],{"class":45},"copied_numbers ",[39,55759,50],{"class":49},[39,55761,91],{"class":45},[39,55763,94],{"class":53},[39,55765,12523],{"class":97},[39,55767,8257],{"class":53},[39,55769,55770],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,55771,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55773,55774,55777,55779,55781,55783,55785],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,55775,55776],{"class":45},"copied_numbers",[39,55778,94],{"class":53},[39,55780,13163],{"class":97},[39,55782,101],{"class":53},[39,55784,1333],{"class":57},[39,55786,80],{"class":53},[39,55788,55789],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,55790,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55792,55793,55795,55797,55799],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,55794,113],{"class":112},[39,55796,101],{"class":53},[39,55798,992],{"class":97},[39,55800,80],{"class":53},[39,55802,55803,55805,55807,55809],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,55804,113],{"class":112},[39,55806,101],{"class":53},[39,55808,55776],{"class":97},[39,55810,80],{"class":53},[20,55812,458],{},[30,55814,55816],{"className":32,"code":55815,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,55817,55818,55834],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55819,55820,55822,55824,55826,55828,55830,55832],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55821,3525],{"class":53},[39,55823,58],{"class":57},[39,55825,61],{"class":53},[39,55827,64],{"class":57},[39,55829,61],{"class":53},[39,55831,73],{"class":57},[39,55833,3262],{"class":53},[39,55835,55836,55838,55840,55842,55844,55846,55848,55850,55852],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55837,3525],{"class":53},[39,55839,58],{"class":57},[39,55841,61],{"class":53},[39,55843,64],{"class":57},[39,55845,61],{"class":53},[39,55847,73],{"class":57},[39,55849,61],{"class":53},[39,55851,2080],{"class":57},[39,55853,3262],{"class":53},[20,55855,55856,55857,94],{},"If you want to learn more about creating and working with lists, see ",[173,55858,52374],{"href":50585},[134,55860,55862],{"id":55861},"shallow-copy-meaning","Shallow copy meaning",[20,55864,55865,12459,55867,94],{},[15,55866,55202],{},[3367,55868,12462],{},[20,55870,1731],{},[147,55872,55873,55876],{},[150,55874,55875],{},"The outer list is new",[150,55877,55878],{},"But nested mutable items inside it can still be shared",[20,55880,55881],{},"This matters when your list contains other lists.",[30,55883,55885],{"className":32,"code":55884,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,55886,55887,55914,55928,55932,55951,55955,55965],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55888,55889,55891,55893,55896,55898,55900,55902,55904,55906,55908,55910,55912],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55890,11697],{"class":45},[39,55892,50],{"class":49},[39,55894,55895],{"class":53}," [[",[39,55897,58],{"class":57},[39,55899,61],{"class":53},[39,55901,64],{"class":57},[39,55903,17674],{"class":53},[39,55905,3249],{"class":53},[39,55907,479],{"class":57},[39,55909,61],{"class":53},[39,55911,2080],{"class":57},[39,55913,52844],{"class":53},[39,55915,55916,55918,55920,55922,55924,55926],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,55917,13922],{"class":45},[39,55919,50],{"class":49},[39,55921,11772],{"class":45},[39,55923,94],{"class":53},[39,55925,12523],{"class":97},[39,55927,8257],{"class":53},[39,55929,55930],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,55931,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55933,55934,55936,55938,55940,55942,55944,55946,55949],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,55935,13941],{"class":45},[39,55937,3525],{"class":53},[39,55939,221],{"class":57},[39,55941,13160],{"class":53},[39,55943,13163],{"class":97},[39,55945,101],{"class":53},[39,55947,55948],{"class":57},"99",[39,55950,80],{"class":53},[39,55952,55953],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,55954,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,55956,55957,55959,55961,55963],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,55958,113],{"class":112},[39,55960,101],{"class":53},[39,55962,11744],{"class":97},[39,55964,80],{"class":53},[39,55966,55967,55969,55971,55973],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,55968,113],{"class":112},[39,55970,101],{"class":53},[39,55972,13941],{"class":97},[39,55974,80],{"class":53},[20,55976,458],{},[30,55978,55980],{"className":32,"code":55979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n[[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,55981,55982,56009],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,55983,55984,55987,55989,55991,55993,55995,55997,55999,56001,56003,56005,56007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,55985,55986],{"class":53},"[[",[39,55988,58],{"class":57},[39,55990,61],{"class":53},[39,55992,64],{"class":57},[39,55994,61],{"class":53},[39,55996,9809],{"class":57},[39,55998,17674],{"class":53},[39,56000,3249],{"class":53},[39,56002,479],{"class":57},[39,56004,61],{"class":53},[39,56006,2080],{"class":57},[39,56008,52844],{"class":53},[39,56010,56011,56013,56015,56017,56019,56021,56023,56025,56027,56029,56031,56033],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56012,55986],{"class":53},[39,56014,58],{"class":57},[39,56016,61],{"class":53},[39,56018,64],{"class":57},[39,56020,61],{"class":53},[39,56022,9809],{"class":57},[39,56024,17674],{"class":53},[39,56026,3249],{"class":53},[39,56028,479],{"class":57},[39,56030,61],{"class":53},[39,56032,2080],{"class":57},[39,56034,52844],{"class":53},[20,56036,56037],{},"Why did both change?",[147,56039,56040,56047],{},[150,56041,56042,796,56044,56046],{},[15,56043,11744],{},[15,56045,13941],{}," are different outer lists",[150,56048,56049,56050,56053],{},"But the inner list ",[15,56051,56052],{},"original[0]"," is the same object in both lists",[20,56055,53255,56056,56058],{},[15,56057,12388],{}," is usually safe for simple lists like:",[147,56060,56061,56064,56067],{},[150,56062,56063],{},"Numbers",[150,56065,56066],{},"Strings",[150,56068,40206],{},[20,56070,56071,56072,94],{},"If you need to understand this better, read ",[173,56073,13401],{"href":13400},[134,56075,17032],{"id":17031},[20,56077,56078,56080],{},[15,56079,55202],{}," returns a new list.",[20,56082,40517,56083,56085],{},[3367,56084,4254],{}," change the original list by itself.",[20,56087,56088],{},"You must save the result if you want to use the copied list.",[20,56090,16268],{},[30,56092,56094],{"className":32,"code":56093,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\nnew_colors = colors.copy()\n\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,56095,56096,56120,56134,56138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56097,56098,56100,56102,56104,56106,56108,56110,56112,56114,56116,56118],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56099,236],{"class":45},[39,56101,50],{"class":49},[39,56103,3249],{"class":53},[39,56105,244],{"class":243},[39,56107,248],{"class":247},[39,56109,244],{"class":243},[39,56111,61],{"class":53},[39,56113,255],{"class":243},[39,56115,258],{"class":247},[39,56117,244],{"class":243},[39,56119,3262],{"class":53},[39,56121,56122,56124,56126,56128,56130,56132],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56123,12728],{"class":45},[39,56125,50],{"class":49},[39,56127,12733],{"class":45},[39,56129,94],{"class":53},[39,56131,12523],{"class":97},[39,56133,8257],{"class":53},[39,56135,56136],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,56137,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,56139,56140,56142,56144,56146],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,56141,113],{"class":112},[39,56143,101],{"class":53},[39,56145,12752],{"class":97},[39,56147,80],{"class":53},[20,56149,56150],{},"Incorrect if you expected a saved copy:",[30,56152,56154],{"className":32,"code":56153,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.copy()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,56155,56156,56180,56190,56194],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56157,56158,56160,56162,56164,56166,56168,56170,56172,56174,56176,56178],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56159,236],{"class":45},[39,56161,50],{"class":49},[39,56163,3249],{"class":53},[39,56165,244],{"class":243},[39,56167,248],{"class":247},[39,56169,244],{"class":243},[39,56171,61],{"class":53},[39,56173,255],{"class":243},[39,56175,258],{"class":247},[39,56177,244],{"class":243},[39,56179,3262],{"class":53},[39,56181,56182,56184,56186,56188],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56183,288],{"class":45},[39,56185,94],{"class":53},[39,56187,12523],{"class":97},[39,56189,8257],{"class":53},[39,56191,56192],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,56193,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,56195,56196,56198,56200,56202],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,56197,113],{"class":112},[39,56199,101],{"class":53},[39,56201,288],{"class":97},[39,56203,80],{"class":53},[20,56205,56206,56207,56209],{},"In the second example, ",[15,56208,12388],{}," runs, but the returned list is not stored anywhere.",[134,56211,4584,56213],{"id":56212},"when-to-use-listcopy",[15,56214,55202],{},[20,56216,128,56217,10214],{},[15,56218,55202],{},[147,56220,56221,56224,56227,56230],{},[150,56222,56223],{},"You want to edit a list without changing the original",[150,56225,56226],{},"You want to pass a list to code that may modify it",[150,56228,56229],{},"You want a simple backup before making changes",[150,56231,56232,56233],{},"You want a clear alternative to slicing with ",[15,56234,56235],{},"[:]",[20,56237,515],{},[30,56239,56241],{"className":32,"code":56240,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [10, 20, 30]\nbackup_scores = scores.copy()\n\nscores.append(40)\n\nprint(scores)\nprint(backup_scores)\n",[15,56242,56243,56263,56278,56282,56297,56301,56311],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56244,56245,56247,56249,56251,56253,56255,56257,56259,56261],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56246,675],{"class":45},[39,56248,50],{"class":49},[39,56250,3249],{"class":53},[39,56252,682],{"class":57},[39,56254,61],{"class":53},[39,56256,687],{"class":57},[39,56258,61],{"class":53},[39,56260,697],{"class":57},[39,56262,3262],{"class":53},[39,56264,56265,56268,56270,56272,56274,56276],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56266,56267],{"class":45},"backup_scores ",[39,56269,50],{"class":49},[39,56271,714],{"class":45},[39,56273,94],{"class":53},[39,56275,12523],{"class":97},[39,56277,8257],{"class":53},[39,56279,56280],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,56281,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,56283,56284,56286,56288,56290,56292,56295],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,56285,16001],{"class":45},[39,56287,94],{"class":53},[39,56289,13163],{"class":97},[39,56291,101],{"class":53},[39,56293,56294],{"class":57},"40",[39,56296,80],{"class":53},[39,56298,56299],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,56300,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,56302,56303,56305,56307,56309],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,56304,113],{"class":112},[39,56306,101],{"class":53},[39,56308,16001],{"class":97},[39,56310,80],{"class":53},[39,56312,56313,56315,56317,56320],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,56314,113],{"class":112},[39,56316,101],{"class":53},[39,56318,56319],{"class":97},"backup_scores",[39,56321,80],{"class":53},[20,56323,458],{},[30,56325,56327],{"className":32,"code":56326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,56328,56329,56349],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56330,56331,56333,56335,56337,56339,56341,56343,56345,56347],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56332,3525],{"class":53},[39,56334,682],{"class":57},[39,56336,61],{"class":53},[39,56338,687],{"class":57},[39,56340,61],{"class":53},[39,56342,697],{"class":57},[39,56344,61],{"class":53},[39,56346,50449],{"class":57},[39,56348,3262],{"class":53},[39,56350,56351,56353,56355,56357,56359,56361,56363],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56352,3525],{"class":53},[39,56354,682],{"class":57},[39,56356,61],{"class":53},[39,56358,687],{"class":57},[39,56360,61],{"class":53},[39,56362,697],{"class":57},[39,56364,3262],{"class":53},[20,56366,56367,56368,94],{},"If you want to add items after copying, see ",[173,56369,55121,56371,1533],{"href":56370},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-append-method\u002F",[15,56372,52255],{},[134,56374,4141],{"id":4140},[20,56376,56377,56378,94],{},"Here are the most common problems with ",[15,56379,55202],{},[223,56381,948,56383,56385],{"id":56382},"using-and-expecting-a-real-copy",[15,56384,50],{}," and expecting a real copy",[20,56387,38809],{},[30,56389,56391],{"className":32,"code":56390,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,56392,56393,56413,56421,56435,56439],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56394,56395,56397,56399,56401,56403,56405,56407,56409,56411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56396,2176],{"class":45},[39,56398,50],{"class":49},[39,56400,3249],{"class":53},[39,56402,58],{"class":57},[39,56404,61],{"class":53},[39,56406,64],{"class":57},[39,56408,61],{"class":53},[39,56410,73],{"class":57},[39,56412,3262],{"class":53},[39,56414,56415,56417,56419],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56416,2204],{"class":45},[39,56418,50],{"class":49},[39,56420,35789],{"class":45},[39,56422,56423,56425,56427,56429,56431,56433],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,56424,1070],{"class":45},[39,56426,94],{"class":53},[39,56428,13163],{"class":97},[39,56430,101],{"class":53},[39,56432,1333],{"class":57},[39,56434,80],{"class":53},[39,56436,56437],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,56438,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,56440,56441,56443,56445,56447,56449],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,56442,113],{"class":112},[39,56444,101],{"class":53},[39,56446,173],{"class":97},[39,56448,121],{"class":53},[39,56450,55302],{"class":124},[20,56452,56453,56454,6247],{},"Fix: use ",[15,56455,12388],{},[30,56457,56459],{"className":32,"code":56458,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = a.copy()\nb.append(4)\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,56460,56461,56481,56496,56510,56514],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56462,56463,56465,56467,56469,56471,56473,56475,56477,56479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56464,2176],{"class":45},[39,56466,50],{"class":49},[39,56468,3249],{"class":53},[39,56470,58],{"class":57},[39,56472,61],{"class":53},[39,56474,64],{"class":57},[39,56476,61],{"class":53},[39,56478,73],{"class":57},[39,56480,3262],{"class":53},[39,56482,56483,56485,56487,56490,56492,56494],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56484,2204],{"class":45},[39,56486,50],{"class":49},[39,56488,56489],{"class":45}," a",[39,56491,94],{"class":53},[39,56493,12523],{"class":97},[39,56495,8257],{"class":53},[39,56497,56498,56500,56502,56504,56506,56508],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,56499,1070],{"class":45},[39,56501,94],{"class":53},[39,56503,13163],{"class":97},[39,56505,101],{"class":53},[39,56507,1333],{"class":57},[39,56509,80],{"class":53},[39,56511,56512],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,56513,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,56515,56516,56518,56520,56522,56524],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,56517,113],{"class":112},[39,56519,101],{"class":53},[39,56521,173],{"class":97},[39,56523,121],{"class":53},[39,56525,54533],{"class":124},[223,56527,56529],{"id":56528},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-list","Forgetting to save the returned list",[30,56531,56533],{"className":32,"code":56532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.copy()\n",[15,56534,56535,56555],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56536,56537,56539,56541,56543,56545,56547,56549,56551,56553],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56538,46],{"class":45},[39,56540,50],{"class":49},[39,56542,3249],{"class":53},[39,56544,58],{"class":57},[39,56546,61],{"class":53},[39,56548,64],{"class":57},[39,56550,61],{"class":53},[39,56552,73],{"class":57},[39,56554,3262],{"class":53},[39,56556,56557,56559,56561,56563],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56558,992],{"class":45},[39,56560,94],{"class":53},[39,56562,12523],{"class":97},[39,56564,8257],{"class":53},[20,56566,56567],{},"This creates a copy, but you do not keep it.",[20,56569,38872],{},[30,56571,56573],{"className":32,"code":56572,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied_numbers = numbers.copy()\n",[15,56574,56575,56595],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56576,56577,56579,56581,56583,56585,56587,56589,56591,56593],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56578,46],{"class":45},[39,56580,50],{"class":49},[39,56582,3249],{"class":53},[39,56584,58],{"class":57},[39,56586,61],{"class":53},[39,56588,64],{"class":57},[39,56590,61],{"class":53},[39,56592,73],{"class":57},[39,56594,3262],{"class":53},[39,56596,56597,56599,56601,56603,56605,56607],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56598,55757],{"class":45},[39,56600,50],{"class":49},[39,56602,91],{"class":45},[39,56604,94],{"class":53},[39,56606,12523],{"class":97},[39,56608,8257],{"class":53},[223,56610,56612],{"id":56611},"assuming-nested-lists-are-fully-copied","Assuming nested lists are fully copied",[30,56614,56616],{"className":32,"code":56615,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [[1], [2]]\nb = a.copy()\n\nb[0].append(99)\n\nprint(a)  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[15,56617,56618,56636,56650,56654,56672,56676],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56619,56620,56622,56624,56626,56628,56630,56632,56634],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56621,2176],{"class":45},[39,56623,50],{"class":49},[39,56625,55895],{"class":53},[39,56627,58],{"class":57},[39,56629,17674],{"class":53},[39,56631,3249],{"class":53},[39,56633,104],{"class":57},[39,56635,52844],{"class":53},[39,56637,56638,56640,56642,56644,56646,56648],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56639,2204],{"class":45},[39,56641,50],{"class":49},[39,56643,56489],{"class":45},[39,56645,94],{"class":53},[39,56647,12523],{"class":97},[39,56649,8257],{"class":53},[39,56651,56652],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,56653,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,56655,56656,56658,56660,56662,56664,56666,56668,56670],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,56657,1070],{"class":45},[39,56659,3525],{"class":53},[39,56661,221],{"class":57},[39,56663,13160],{"class":53},[39,56665,13163],{"class":97},[39,56667,101],{"class":53},[39,56669,55948],{"class":57},[39,56671,80],{"class":53},[39,56673,56674],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,56675,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,56677,56678,56680,56682,56684,56686],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,56679,113],{"class":112},[39,56681,101],{"class":53},[39,56683,173],{"class":97},[39,56685,121],{"class":53},[39,56687,56688],{"class":124},"  # [[1, 99], [2]]\n",[20,56690,56691,56692,56694],{},"Fix: remember that ",[15,56693,55202],{}," is shallow.",[223,56696,25228,56698,56700],{"id":56697},"trying-to-use-copy-on-the-wrong-data-type",[15,56699,12388],{}," on the wrong data type",[20,56702,56703,56705],{},[15,56704,12388],{}," here is a list method, so the value must be a list.",[30,56707,56709],{"className":32,"code":56708,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Alice\"\n# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[15,56710,56711,56723],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56712,56713,56715,56717,56719,56721],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56714,7493],{"class":45},[39,56716,50],{"class":49},[39,56718,255],{"class":243},[39,56720,4627],{"class":247},[39,56722,2983],{"class":243},[39,56724,56725],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56726,56727],{"class":124},"# name.copy()  # This would raise an error\n",[20,56729,56730],{},"If you are not sure what the variable contains, check its type:",[30,56732,56734],{"className":32,"code":56733,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(name))\n",[15,56735,56736],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56737,56738,56740,56742,56744,56746,56748],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56739,113],{"class":112},[39,56741,101],{"class":53},[39,56743,2845],{"class":2523},[39,56745,101],{"class":53},[39,56747,7285],{"class":97},[39,56749,1026],{"class":53},[20,56751,56752,56753,56757],{},"You can also review ",[173,56754,56756],{"href":56755},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list\u002F","creating a list in Python"," if you need a quick refresher.",[134,56759,1454],{"id":1453},[223,56761,1468,56763,56765],{"id":56762},"does-listcopy-change-the-original-list",[15,56764,55202],{}," change the original list?",[20,56767,56768],{},"No. It returns a new list. The original list stays the same unless you change it separately.",[223,56770,1497,56772,796,56774,929],{"id":56771},"what-is-the-difference-between-listcopy-and",[15,56773,55202],{},[15,56775,50],{},[20,56777,56778,56780,56781,56783],{},[15,56779,12388],{}," creates a new list. ",[15,56782,50],{}," creates another reference to the same list.",[223,56785,14514,56787,14517],{"id":56786},"is-listcopy-a-deep-copy",[15,56788,55202],{},[20,56790,56791],{},"No. It is a shallow copy. Nested mutable items are still shared.",[223,56793,56795],{"id":56794},"can-i-copy-an-empty-list","Can I copy an empty list?",[20,56797,41761,56798,56801],{},[15,56799,56800],{},"empty_list.copy()"," returns another empty list.",[223,56803,14514,56805,56807,56808,929],{"id":56804},"is-listcopy-the-same-as",[15,56806,55202],{}," the same as ",[15,56809,56235],{},[20,56811,56812],{},"For basic list copying, yes. Both create a shallow copy of the list.",[134,56814,1514],{"id":1513},[147,56816,56817,56822,56826,56831,56837],{},[150,56818,56819],{},[173,56820,14576],{"href":56821},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-copy-a-list-in-python\u002F",[150,56823,56824],{},[173,56825,52374],{"href":50585},[150,56827,56828],{},[173,56829,56830],{"href":56755},"Creating a list in Python",[150,56832,56833],{},[173,56834,55121,56835,1533],{"href":56370},[15,56836,52255],{},[150,56838,56839],{},[173,56840,13401],{"href":13400},[1550,56842,56843],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":56845},[56846,56847,56849,56850,56852,56853,56854,56856,56864,56875],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":55312,"depth":83,"text":56848},"What list.copy() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":55583,"depth":83,"text":56851},"Why not use =",{"id":55861,"depth":83,"text":55862},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":56212,"depth":83,"text":56855},"When to use list.copy()",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":56857},[56858,56860,56861,56862],{"id":56382,"depth":109,"text":56859},"Using = and expecting a real copy",{"id":56528,"depth":109,"text":56529},{"id":56611,"depth":109,"text":56612},{"id":56697,"depth":109,"text":56863},"Trying to use copy() on the wrong data type",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":56865},[56866,56868,56870,56872,56873],{"id":56762,"depth":109,"text":56867},"Does list.copy() change the original list?",{"id":56771,"depth":109,"text":56869},"What is the difference between list.copy() and =?",{"id":56786,"depth":109,"text":56871},"Is list.copy() a deep copy?",{"id":56794,"depth":109,"text":56795},{"id":56804,"depth":109,"text":56874},"Is list.copy() the same as [:]?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list copy method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method",{"title":55190,"description":56876},"reference\u002Fpython-list-copy-method","11yUo2QbfqRZ7h2dQr_jV0K1th-3cpd3G63JAUj7QoI",{"id":56883,"title":56884,"body":56885,"description":58615,"extension":1587,"meta":58616,"navigation":420,"path":58617,"seo":58618,"stem":58619,"__hash__":58620},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method.md","Python List count() Method",{"type":7,"value":56886,"toc":58575},[56887,56892,56897,56900,56911,56914,56916,56979,56985,56990,56994,57008,57011,57016,57021,57023,57025,57044,57055,57057,57124,57126,57134,57139,57141,57148,57151,57168,57170,57293,57304,57308,57313,57316,57318,57336,57340,57426,57434,57442,57511,57513,57516,57528,57533,57537,57608,57611,57615,57619,57684,57686,57694,57698,57781,57783,57791,57795,57856,57858,57866,57870,57957,57959,57967,57972,57977,57980,57991,57993,58078,58083,58092,58094,58098,58102,58107,58169,58173,58181,58187,58195,58199,58248,58251,58272,58276,58338,58345,58350,58353,58440,58443,58454,58457,58477,58479,58485,58488,58492,58496,58502,58505,58511,58518,58526,58537,58539,58572],[10,56888,53943,56890,18],{"id":56889},"python-list-count-method",[15,56891,17],{},[20,56893,56894,56896],{},[15,56895,1166],{}," tells you how many times one value appears in a list.",[20,56898,56899],{},"It is a useful method when you want to:",[147,56901,56902,56905,56908],{},[150,56903,56904],{},"count one specific item",[150,56906,56907],{},"check whether a value appears more than once",[150,56909,56910],{},"quickly see how many matches exist",[20,56912,56913],{},"It returns a number and does not change the original list.",[134,56915,3235],{"id":3234},[30,56917,56919],{"className":32,"code":56918,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 2]\nresult = numbers.count(2)\nprint(result)  # 3\n",[15,56920,56921,56949,56967],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,56922,56923,56925,56927,56929,56931,56933,56935,56937,56939,56941,56943,56945,56947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,56924,46],{"class":45},[39,56926,50],{"class":49},[39,56928,3249],{"class":53},[39,56930,58],{"class":57},[39,56932,61],{"class":53},[39,56934,64],{"class":57},[39,56936,61],{"class":53},[39,56938,64],{"class":57},[39,56940,61],{"class":53},[39,56942,73],{"class":57},[39,56944,61],{"class":53},[39,56946,64],{"class":57},[39,56948,3262],{"class":53},[39,56950,56951,56953,56955,56957,56959,56961,56963,56965],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,56952,86],{"class":45},[39,56954,50],{"class":49},[39,56956,91],{"class":45},[39,56958,94],{"class":53},[39,56960,98],{"class":97},[39,56962,101],{"class":53},[39,56964,104],{"class":57},[39,56966,80],{"class":53},[39,56968,56969,56971,56973,56975,56977],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,56970,113],{"class":112},[39,56972,101],{"class":53},[39,56974,118],{"class":97},[39,56976,121],{"class":53},[39,56978,125],{"class":124},[20,56980,128,56981,56984],{},[15,56982,56983],{},"list.count(value)"," to count how many times one value appears in a list.",[134,56986,137,56988,140],{"id":56987},"what-listcount-does",[15,56989,1166],{},[20,56991,56992,145],{},[15,56993,1166],{},[147,56995,56996,56999,57002,57005],{},[150,56997,56998],{},"counts how many times a given value appears in a list",[150,57000,57001],{},"returns an integer",[150,57003,57004],{},"does not change the original list",[150,57006,57007],{},"checks for exact matches",[20,57009,57010],{},"This means Python looks through the whole list and compares each item to the value you gave it.",[20,57012,57013,57014,94],{},"If the value appears 3 times, the method returns ",[15,57015,479],{},[20,57017,57018,57019,94],{},"If it does not appear at all, the method returns ",[15,57020,221],{},[134,57022,1781],{"id":1780},[20,57024,1784],{},[30,57026,57028],{"className":32,"code":57027,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.count(value)\n",[15,57029,57030],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57031,57032,57034,57036,57038,57040,57042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57033,7955],{"class":45},[39,57035,94],{"class":53},[39,57037,98],{"class":97},[39,57039,101],{"class":53},[39,57041,155],{"class":97},[39,57043,80],{"class":53},[147,57045,57046,57051],{},[150,57047,57048,57050],{},[15,57049,7955],{}," is the list you want to search",[150,57052,57053,212],{},[15,57054,155],{},[20,57056,515],{},[30,57058,57060],{"className":32,"code":57059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"a\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,57061,57062,57102],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57063,57064,57066,57068,57070,57072,57074,57076,57078,57080,57082,57084,57086,57088,57090,57092,57094,57096,57098,57100],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57065,1053],{"class":45},[39,57067,50],{"class":49},[39,57069,3249],{"class":53},[39,57071,244],{"class":243},[39,57073,173],{"class":247},[39,57075,244],{"class":243},[39,57077,61],{"class":53},[39,57079,255],{"class":243},[39,57081,1070],{"class":247},[39,57083,244],{"class":243},[39,57085,61],{"class":53},[39,57087,255],{"class":243},[39,57089,173],{"class":247},[39,57091,244],{"class":243},[39,57093,61],{"class":53},[39,57095,255],{"class":243},[39,57097,9352],{"class":247},[39,57099,244],{"class":243},[39,57101,3262],{"class":53},[39,57103,57104,57106,57108,57110,57112,57114,57116,57118,57120,57122],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57105,113],{"class":112},[39,57107,101],{"class":53},[39,57109,35757],{"class":97},[39,57111,94],{"class":53},[39,57113,98],{"class":97},[39,57115,101],{"class":53},[39,57117,244],{"class":243},[39,57119,173],{"class":247},[39,57121,244],{"class":243},[39,57123,1026],{"class":53},[20,57125,458],{},[30,57127,57128],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57129,57130],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57131,57132],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57133,16669],{"class":57},[20,57135,57136,57137,94],{},"Python checks the whole list. If the value is not found, it returns ",[15,57138,221],{},[134,57140,483],{"id":482},[20,57142,486,57143,57145,57146,94],{},[15,57144,17],{}," is always an ",[15,57147,1813],{},[20,57149,57150],{},"Possible results:",[147,57152,57153,57158,57163],{},[150,57154,57155,57157],{},[15,57156,221],{}," if the value does not exist in the list",[150,57159,57160,57162],{},[15,57161,58],{}," if it appears once",[150,57164,57165,57167],{},[15,57166,104],{}," or more if it appears multiple times",[20,57169,515],{},[30,57171,57173],{"className":32,"code":57172,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nprint(colors.count(\"blue\"))   # 2\nprint(colors.count(\"red\"))    # 1\nprint(colors.count(\"yellow\")) # 0\n",[15,57174,57175,57215,57219,57243,57268],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57176,57177,57179,57181,57183,57185,57187,57189,57191,57193,57195,57197,57199,57201,57203,57205,57207,57209,57211,57213],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57178,236],{"class":45},[39,57180,50],{"class":49},[39,57182,3249],{"class":53},[39,57184,244],{"class":243},[39,57186,248],{"class":247},[39,57188,244],{"class":243},[39,57190,61],{"class":53},[39,57192,255],{"class":243},[39,57194,258],{"class":247},[39,57196,244],{"class":243},[39,57198,61],{"class":53},[39,57200,255],{"class":243},[39,57202,275],{"class":247},[39,57204,244],{"class":243},[39,57206,61],{"class":53},[39,57208,255],{"class":243},[39,57210,258],{"class":247},[39,57212,244],{"class":243},[39,57214,3262],{"class":53},[39,57216,57217],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57218,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,57220,57221,57223,57225,57227,57229,57231,57233,57235,57237,57239,57241],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,57222,113],{"class":112},[39,57224,101],{"class":53},[39,57226,288],{"class":97},[39,57228,94],{"class":53},[39,57230,98],{"class":97},[39,57232,101],{"class":53},[39,57234,244],{"class":243},[39,57236,258],{"class":247},[39,57238,244],{"class":243},[39,57240,303],{"class":53},[39,57242,306],{"class":124},[39,57244,57245,57247,57249,57251,57253,57255,57257,57259,57261,57263,57265],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,57246,113],{"class":112},[39,57248,101],{"class":53},[39,57250,288],{"class":97},[39,57252,94],{"class":53},[39,57254,98],{"class":97},[39,57256,101],{"class":53},[39,57258,244],{"class":243},[39,57260,248],{"class":247},[39,57262,244],{"class":243},[39,57264,303],{"class":53},[39,57266,57267],{"class":124},"    # 1\n",[39,57269,57270,57272,57274,57276,57278,57280,57282,57284,57286,57288,57290],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,57271,113],{"class":112},[39,57273,101],{"class":53},[39,57275,288],{"class":97},[39,57277,94],{"class":53},[39,57279,98],{"class":97},[39,57281,101],{"class":53},[39,57283,244],{"class":243},[39,57285,325],{"class":247},[39,57287,244],{"class":243},[39,57289,303],{"class":53},[39,57291,57292],{"class":124}," # 0\n",[20,57294,57295,57296,57298,57299,57301,57302,94],{},"If you only want to know whether a value exists, ",[15,57297,17],{}," works, but using ",[15,57300,1128],{}," is often simpler. See ",[173,57303,5813],{"href":5812},[134,57305,57307],{"id":57306},"how-matching-works","How matching works",[20,57309,57310,57312],{},[15,57311,1166],{}," uses equality matching.",[20,57314,57315],{},"That means Python checks whether each item is equal to the value you passed in.",[20,57317,43258],{},[147,57319,57320,57323,57326,57333],{},[150,57321,57322],{},"matches are based on equality",[150,57324,57325],{},"strings are case-sensitive",[150,57327,57328,796,57330,57332],{},[15,57329,58],{},[15,57331,939],{}," may compare as equal in Python",[150,57334,57335],{},"nested lists can be counted if the entire nested list matches",[223,57337,57339],{"id":57338},"strings-are-case-sensitive","Strings are case-sensitive",[30,57341,57343],{"className":32,"code":57342,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"Apple\", \"apple\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 2\nprint(words.count(\"Apple\"))  # 1\n",[15,57344,57345,57378,57402],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57346,57347,57349,57351,57353,57355,57357,57359,57361,57363,57366,57368,57370,57372,57374,57376],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57348,1191],{"class":45},[39,57350,50],{"class":49},[39,57352,3249],{"class":53},[39,57354,244],{"class":243},[39,57356,377],{"class":247},[39,57358,244],{"class":243},[39,57360,61],{"class":53},[39,57362,255],{"class":243},[39,57364,57365],{"class":247},"Apple",[39,57367,244],{"class":243},[39,57369,61],{"class":53},[39,57371,255],{"class":243},[39,57373,377],{"class":247},[39,57375,244],{"class":243},[39,57377,3262],{"class":53},[39,57379,57380,57382,57384,57386,57388,57390,57392,57394,57396,57398,57400],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57381,113],{"class":112},[39,57383,101],{"class":53},[39,57385,1229],{"class":97},[39,57387,94],{"class":53},[39,57389,98],{"class":97},[39,57391,101],{"class":53},[39,57393,244],{"class":243},[39,57395,377],{"class":247},[39,57397,244],{"class":243},[39,57399,303],{"class":53},[39,57401,1122],{"class":124},[39,57403,57404,57406,57408,57410,57412,57414,57416,57418,57420,57422,57424],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,57405,113],{"class":112},[39,57407,101],{"class":53},[39,57409,1229],{"class":97},[39,57411,94],{"class":53},[39,57413,98],{"class":97},[39,57415,101],{"class":53},[39,57417,244],{"class":243},[39,57419,57365],{"class":247},[39,57421,244],{"class":243},[39,57423,303],{"class":53},[39,57425,894],{"class":124},[20,57427,57428,796,57430,57433],{},[15,57429,472],{},[15,57431,57432],{},"\"Apple\""," are different strings.",[223,57435,57437,796,57439,57441],{"id":57436},"_1-and-true-can-match",[15,57438,58],{},[15,57440,939],{}," can match",[30,57443,57445],{"className":32,"code":57444,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, True, 2, 1]\nprint(values.count(1))     # 3\nprint(values.count(True))  # 3\n",[15,57446,57447,57471,57491],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57448,57449,57451,57453,57455,57457,57459,57461,57463,57465,57467,57469],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57450,812],{"class":45},[39,57452,50],{"class":49},[39,57454,3249],{"class":53},[39,57456,58],{"class":57},[39,57458,61],{"class":53},[39,57460,3541],{"class":3477},[39,57462,61],{"class":53},[39,57464,64],{"class":57},[39,57466,61],{"class":53},[39,57468,595],{"class":57},[39,57470,3262],{"class":53},[39,57472,57473,57475,57477,57479,57481,57483,57485,57487,57489],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57474,113],{"class":112},[39,57476,101],{"class":53},[39,57478,856],{"class":97},[39,57480,94],{"class":53},[39,57482,98],{"class":97},[39,57484,101],{"class":53},[39,57486,58],{"class":57},[39,57488,303],{"class":53},[39,57490,50524],{"class":124},[39,57492,57493,57495,57497,57499,57501,57503,57505,57507,57509],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,57494,113],{"class":112},[39,57496,101],{"class":53},[39,57498,856],{"class":97},[39,57500,94],{"class":53},[39,57502,98],{"class":97},[39,57504,101],{"class":53},[39,57506,939],{"class":3477},[39,57508,303],{"class":53},[39,57510,125],{"class":124},[20,57512,4032],{},[20,57514,57515],{},"In Python:",[147,57517,57518,57523],{},[150,57519,57520],{},[15,57521,57522],{},"True == 1",[150,57524,57525],{},[15,57526,57527],{},"False == 0",[20,57529,53255,57530,57532],{},[15,57531,17],{}," may include both booleans and integers when they compare as equal.",[223,57534,57536],{"id":57535},"nested-lists-must-match-exactly","Nested lists must match exactly",[30,57538,57540],{"className":32,"code":57539,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [1, 2], [1]]\nprint(items.count([1, 2]))  # 2\n",[15,57541,57542,57584],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57543,57544,57546,57548,57550,57552,57554,57556,57558,57560,57562,57564,57566,57568,57570,57572,57574,57576,57578,57580,57582],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57545,7397],{"class":45},[39,57547,50],{"class":49},[39,57549,55895],{"class":53},[39,57551,58],{"class":57},[39,57553,61],{"class":53},[39,57555,64],{"class":57},[39,57557,17674],{"class":53},[39,57559,3249],{"class":53},[39,57561,479],{"class":57},[39,57563,61],{"class":53},[39,57565,2080],{"class":57},[39,57567,17674],{"class":53},[39,57569,3249],{"class":53},[39,57571,58],{"class":57},[39,57573,61],{"class":53},[39,57575,64],{"class":57},[39,57577,17674],{"class":53},[39,57579,3249],{"class":53},[39,57581,58],{"class":57},[39,57583,52844],{"class":53},[39,57585,57586,57588,57590,57592,57594,57596,57598,57600,57602,57604,57606],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57587,113],{"class":112},[39,57589,101],{"class":53},[39,57591,7426],{"class":97},[39,57593,94],{"class":53},[39,57595,98],{"class":97},[39,57597,2608],{"class":53},[39,57599,58],{"class":57},[39,57601,61],{"class":53},[39,57603,64],{"class":57},[39,57605,4359],{"class":53},[39,57607,1122],{"class":124},[20,57609,57610],{},"Python counts only exact matches of the full nested list.",[134,57612,57614],{"id":57613},"beginner-examples-to-include","Beginner examples to include",[223,57616,57618],{"id":57617},"count-a-number-in-a-list-of-numbers","Count a number in a list of numbers",[30,57620,57622],{"className":32,"code":57621,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 10, 30, 10]\nresult = numbers.count(10)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57623,57624,57652,57670,57674],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57625,57626,57628,57630,57632,57634,57636,57638,57640,57642,57644,57646,57648,57650],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57627,46],{"class":45},[39,57629,50],{"class":49},[39,57631,3249],{"class":53},[39,57633,682],{"class":57},[39,57635,61],{"class":53},[39,57637,687],{"class":57},[39,57639,61],{"class":53},[39,57641,692],{"class":57},[39,57643,61],{"class":53},[39,57645,697],{"class":57},[39,57647,61],{"class":53},[39,57649,692],{"class":57},[39,57651,3262],{"class":53},[39,57653,57654,57656,57658,57660,57662,57664,57666,57668],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57655,86],{"class":45},[39,57657,50],{"class":49},[39,57659,91],{"class":45},[39,57661,94],{"class":53},[39,57663,98],{"class":97},[39,57665,101],{"class":53},[39,57667,682],{"class":57},[39,57669,80],{"class":53},[39,57671,57672],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,57673,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,57675,57676,57678,57680,57682],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,57677,113],{"class":112},[39,57679,101],{"class":53},[39,57681,118],{"class":97},[39,57683,80],{"class":53},[20,57685,458],{},[30,57687,57688],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57689,57690],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57691,57692],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57693,461],{"class":57},[223,57695,57697],{"id":57696},"count-a-word-in-a-list-of-strings","Count a word in a list of strings",[30,57699,57701],{"className":32,"code":57700,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"cat\", \"dog\", \"cat\", \"bird\"]\nresult = words.count(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57702,57703,57745,57767,57771],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57704,57705,57707,57709,57711,57713,57715,57717,57719,57721,57724,57726,57728,57730,57732,57734,57736,57738,57741,57743],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57706,1191],{"class":45},[39,57708,50],{"class":49},[39,57710,3249],{"class":53},[39,57712,244],{"class":243},[39,57714,839],{"class":247},[39,57716,244],{"class":243},[39,57718,61],{"class":53},[39,57720,255],{"class":243},[39,57722,57723],{"class":247},"dog",[39,57725,244],{"class":243},[39,57727,61],{"class":53},[39,57729,255],{"class":243},[39,57731,839],{"class":247},[39,57733,244],{"class":243},[39,57735,61],{"class":53},[39,57737,255],{"class":243},[39,57739,57740],{"class":247},"bird",[39,57742,244],{"class":243},[39,57744,3262],{"class":53},[39,57746,57747,57749,57751,57753,57755,57757,57759,57761,57763,57765],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57748,86],{"class":45},[39,57750,50],{"class":49},[39,57752,5783],{"class":45},[39,57754,94],{"class":53},[39,57756,98],{"class":97},[39,57758,101],{"class":53},[39,57760,244],{"class":243},[39,57762,839],{"class":247},[39,57764,244],{"class":243},[39,57766,80],{"class":53},[39,57768,57769],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,57770,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,57772,57773,57775,57777,57779],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,57774,113],{"class":112},[39,57776,101],{"class":53},[39,57778,118],{"class":97},[39,57780,80],{"class":53},[20,57782,458],{},[30,57784,57785],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57786,57787],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57788,57789],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57790,16669],{"class":57},[223,57792,57794],{"id":57793},"count-a-value-that-is-not-in-the-list","Count a value that is not in the list",[30,57796,57798],{"className":32,"code":57797,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = numbers.count(5)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57799,57800,57824,57842,57846],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57801,57802,57804,57806,57808,57810,57812,57814,57816,57818,57820,57822],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57803,46],{"class":45},[39,57805,50],{"class":49},[39,57807,3249],{"class":53},[39,57809,58],{"class":57},[39,57811,61],{"class":53},[39,57813,64],{"class":57},[39,57815,61],{"class":53},[39,57817,73],{"class":57},[39,57819,61],{"class":53},[39,57821,2080],{"class":57},[39,57823,3262],{"class":53},[39,57825,57826,57828,57830,57832,57834,57836,57838,57840],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57827,86],{"class":45},[39,57829,50],{"class":49},[39,57831,91],{"class":45},[39,57833,94],{"class":53},[39,57835,98],{"class":97},[39,57837,101],{"class":53},[39,57839,1376],{"class":57},[39,57841,80],{"class":53},[39,57843,57844],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,57845,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,57847,57848,57850,57852,57854],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,57849,113],{"class":112},[39,57851,101],{"class":53},[39,57853,118],{"class":97},[39,57855,80],{"class":53},[20,57857,458],{},[30,57859,57860],{"className":32,"code":46857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57861,57862],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57863,57864],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57865,46857],{"class":57},[223,57867,57869],{"id":57868},"count-repeated-nested-list-values","Count repeated nested list values",[30,57871,57873],{"className":32,"code":57872,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [[1, 2], [1, 2], [2, 3], [1, 2]]\nresult = data.count([1, 2])\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,57874,57875,57921,57943,57947],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57876,57877,57879,57881,57883,57885,57887,57889,57891,57893,57895,57897,57899,57901,57903,57905,57907,57909,57911,57913,57915,57917,57919],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57878,8778],{"class":45},[39,57880,50],{"class":49},[39,57882,55895],{"class":53},[39,57884,58],{"class":57},[39,57886,61],{"class":53},[39,57888,64],{"class":57},[39,57890,17674],{"class":53},[39,57892,3249],{"class":53},[39,57894,58],{"class":57},[39,57896,61],{"class":53},[39,57898,64],{"class":57},[39,57900,17674],{"class":53},[39,57902,3249],{"class":53},[39,57904,104],{"class":57},[39,57906,61],{"class":53},[39,57908,73],{"class":57},[39,57910,17674],{"class":53},[39,57912,3249],{"class":53},[39,57914,58],{"class":57},[39,57916,61],{"class":53},[39,57918,64],{"class":57},[39,57920,52844],{"class":53},[39,57922,57923,57925,57927,57929,57931,57933,57935,57937,57939,57941],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,57924,86],{"class":45},[39,57926,50],{"class":49},[39,57928,14177],{"class":45},[39,57930,94],{"class":53},[39,57932,98],{"class":97},[39,57934,2608],{"class":53},[39,57936,58],{"class":57},[39,57938,61],{"class":53},[39,57940,64],{"class":57},[39,57942,3513],{"class":53},[39,57944,57945],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,57946,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,57948,57949,57951,57953,57955],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,57950,113],{"class":112},[39,57952,101],{"class":53},[39,57954,118],{"class":97},[39,57956,80],{"class":53},[20,57958,458],{},[30,57960,57961],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,57962,57963],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57964,57965],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,57966,461],{"class":57},[134,57968,4584,57970],{"id":57969},"when-to-use-count",[15,57971,17],{},[20,57973,128,57974,57976],{},[15,57975,17],{}," when you need the number of appearances of one value.",[20,57978,57979],{},"Good use cases:",[147,57981,57982,57985,57988],{},[150,57983,57984],{},"counting one specific item",[150,57986,57987],{},"checking whether a list contains duplicates of a value",[150,57989,57990],{},"doing a quick count before making a decision",[20,57992,515],{},[30,57994,57996],{"className":32,"code":57995,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"votes = [\"yes\", \"no\", \"yes\", \"yes\"]\nyes_votes = votes.count(\"yes\")\n\nprint(yes_votes)\n",[15,57997,57998,58039,58063,58067],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,57999,58000,58003,58005,58007,58009,58011,58013,58015,58017,58019,58021,58023,58025,58027,58029,58031,58033,58035,58037],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58001,58002],{"class":45},"votes ",[39,58004,50],{"class":49},[39,58006,3249],{"class":53},[39,58008,244],{"class":243},[39,58010,534],{"class":247},[39,58012,244],{"class":243},[39,58014,61],{"class":53},[39,58016,255],{"class":243},[39,58018,543],{"class":247},[39,58020,244],{"class":243},[39,58022,61],{"class":53},[39,58024,255],{"class":243},[39,58026,534],{"class":247},[39,58028,244],{"class":243},[39,58030,61],{"class":53},[39,58032,255],{"class":243},[39,58034,534],{"class":247},[39,58036,244],{"class":243},[39,58038,3262],{"class":53},[39,58040,58041,58044,58046,58049,58051,58053,58055,58057,58059,58061],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,58042,58043],{"class":45},"yes_votes ",[39,58045,50],{"class":49},[39,58047,58048],{"class":45}," votes",[39,58050,94],{"class":53},[39,58052,98],{"class":97},[39,58054,101],{"class":53},[39,58056,244],{"class":243},[39,58058,534],{"class":247},[39,58060,244],{"class":243},[39,58062,80],{"class":53},[39,58064,58065],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,58066,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,58068,58069,58071,58073,58076],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,58070,113],{"class":112},[39,58072,101],{"class":53},[39,58074,58075],{"class":97},"yes_votes",[39,58077,80],{"class":53},[20,58079,58080,58082],{},[15,58081,17],{}," is not the best choice if you need counts for many different values. In that case, you would usually use a loop or another tool.",[20,58084,58085,58086,796,58088,94],{},"If you are still learning list basics, see ",[173,58087,52374],{"href":50585},[173,58089,58091],{"href":58090},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-list-in-python\u002F","what is a list in Python",[134,58093,944],{"id":943},[20,58095,8063,58096,94],{},[15,58097,1166],{},[223,58099,58101],{"id":58100},"trying-to-count-part-of-a-string-instead-of-list-items","Trying to count part of a string instead of list items",[20,58103,58104,58106],{},[15,58105,1166],{}," counts list items, not parts of a string.",[30,58108,58110],{"className":32,"code":58109,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple pie\", \"banana\", \"apple pie\"]\nprint(words.count(\"apple\"))  # 0\n",[15,58111,58112,58145],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58113,58114,58116,58118,58120,58122,58125,58127,58129,58131,58133,58135,58137,58139,58141,58143],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58115,1191],{"class":45},[39,58117,50],{"class":49},[39,58119,3249],{"class":53},[39,58121,244],{"class":243},[39,58123,58124],{"class":247},"apple pie",[39,58126,244],{"class":243},[39,58128,61],{"class":53},[39,58130,255],{"class":243},[39,58132,386],{"class":247},[39,58134,244],{"class":243},[39,58136,61],{"class":53},[39,58138,255],{"class":243},[39,58140,58124],{"class":247},[39,58142,244],{"class":243},[39,58144,3262],{"class":53},[39,58146,58147,58149,58151,58153,58155,58157,58159,58161,58163,58165,58167],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,58148,113],{"class":112},[39,58150,101],{"class":53},[39,58152,1229],{"class":97},[39,58154,94],{"class":53},[39,58156,98],{"class":97},[39,58158,101],{"class":53},[39,58160,244],{"class":243},[39,58162,377],{"class":247},[39,58164,244],{"class":243},[39,58166,303],{"class":53},[39,58168,332],{"class":124},[20,58170,2111,58171,929],{},[15,58172,221],{},[20,58174,28673,58175,58177,58178,94],{},[15,58176,472],{}," is not a full item in the list. The list contains ",[15,58179,58180],{},"\"apple pie\"",[20,58182,58183,58184,94],{},"If your data is a string instead of a list, you may be thinking of ",[15,58185,58186],{},"str.count()",[223,58188,1030,58189,1033,58191,177,58193],{"id":1029},[15,58190,17],{},[15,58192,939],{},[15,58194,1038],{},[20,58196,58197,1043],{},[15,58198,17],{},[30,58200,58202],{"className":32,"code":58201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers.count(2))  # 2\n",[15,58203,58204,58228],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58205,58206,58208,58210,58212,58214,58216,58218,58220,58222,58224,58226],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58207,46],{"class":45},[39,58209,50],{"class":49},[39,58211,3249],{"class":53},[39,58213,58],{"class":57},[39,58215,61],{"class":53},[39,58217,64],{"class":57},[39,58219,61],{"class":53},[39,58221,64],{"class":57},[39,58223,61],{"class":53},[39,58225,73],{"class":57},[39,58227,3262],{"class":53},[39,58229,58230,58232,58234,58236,58238,58240,58242,58244,58246],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,58231,113],{"class":112},[39,58233,101],{"class":53},[39,58235,992],{"class":97},[39,58237,94],{"class":53},[39,58239,98],{"class":97},[39,58241,101],{"class":53},[39,58243,104],{"class":57},[39,58245,303],{"class":53},[39,58247,1122],{"class":124},[20,58249,58250],{},"If you want a true\u002Ffalse answer, use:",[30,58252,58254],{"className":32,"code":58253,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(2 in numbers)  # True\n",[15,58255,58256],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58257,58258,58260,58262,58264,58266,58268,58270],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58259,113],{"class":112},[39,58261,101],{"class":53},[39,58263,104],{"class":57},[39,58265,1149],{"class":572},[39,58267,91],{"class":97},[39,58269,121],{"class":53},[39,58271,1156],{"class":124},[223,58273,58275],{"id":58274},"forgetting-that-string-matching-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that string matching is case-sensitive",[30,58277,58279],{"className":32,"code":58278,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Sam\", \"sam\", \"SAM\"]\nprint(names.count(\"sam\"))  # 1\n",[15,58280,58281,58314],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58282,58283,58285,58287,58289,58291,58293,58295,58297,58299,58301,58303,58305,58307,58310,58312],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58284,4618],{"class":45},[39,58286,50],{"class":49},[39,58288,3249],{"class":53},[39,58290,244],{"class":243},[39,58292,7294],{"class":247},[39,58294,244],{"class":243},[39,58296,61],{"class":53},[39,58298,255],{"class":243},[39,58300,19830],{"class":247},[39,58302,244],{"class":243},[39,58304,61],{"class":53},[39,58306,255],{"class":243},[39,58308,58309],{"class":247},"SAM",[39,58311,244],{"class":243},[39,58313,3262],{"class":53},[39,58315,58316,58318,58320,58322,58324,58326,58328,58330,58332,58334,58336],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,58317,113],{"class":112},[39,58319,101],{"class":53},[39,58321,4662],{"class":97},[39,58323,94],{"class":53},[39,58325,98],{"class":97},[39,58327,101],{"class":53},[39,58329,244],{"class":243},[39,58331,19830],{"class":247},[39,58333,244],{"class":243},[39,58335,303],{"class":53},[39,58337,894],{"class":124},[20,58339,58340,58341,58344],{},"Only the exact string ",[15,58342,58343],{},"\"sam\""," matches.",[223,58346,29262,58348,33162],{"id":58347},"calling-count-on-the-wrong-type",[15,58349,17],{},[20,58351,58352],{},"If you are not sure what your variable contains, inspect it first:",[30,58354,58356],{"className":32,"code":58355,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(value in my_list)\nfor item in my_list:\n    print(repr(item))\n",[15,58357,58358,58368,58382,58400,58414,58426],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58359,58360,58362,58364,58366],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58361,113],{"class":112},[39,58363,101],{"class":53},[39,58365,7955],{"class":97},[39,58367,80],{"class":53},[39,58369,58370,58372,58374,58376,58378,58380],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,58371,113],{"class":112},[39,58373,101],{"class":53},[39,58375,2845],{"class":2523},[39,58377,101],{"class":53},[39,58379,7955],{"class":97},[39,58381,1026],{"class":53},[39,58383,58384,58386,58388,58390,58392,58394,58396,58398],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,58385,113],{"class":112},[39,58387,101],{"class":53},[39,58389,7955],{"class":97},[39,58391,94],{"class":53},[39,58393,98],{"class":97},[39,58395,101],{"class":53},[39,58397,155],{"class":97},[39,58399,1026],{"class":53},[39,58401,58402,58404,58406,58408,58410,58412],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,58403,113],{"class":112},[39,58405,101],{"class":53},[39,58407,2070],{"class":97},[39,58409,1128],{"class":572},[39,58411,8012],{"class":97},[39,58413,80],{"class":53},[39,58415,58416,58418,58420,58422,58424],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,58417,5574],{"class":572},[39,58419,5577],{"class":45},[39,58421,1128],{"class":572},[39,58423,8012],{"class":45},[39,58425,598],{"class":53},[39,58427,58428,58430,58432,58434,58436,58438],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,58429,603],{"class":112},[39,58431,101],{"class":53},[39,58433,41388],{"class":112},[39,58435,101],{"class":53},[39,58437,22922],{"class":97},[39,58439,1026],{"class":53},[20,58441,58442],{},"These checks can help you see:",[147,58444,58445,58448,58451],{},[150,58446,58447],{},"whether the variable is really a list",[150,58449,58450],{},"whether the values are exactly what you expect",[150,58452,58453],{},"whether spacing, capitalization, or data type differences are causing problems",[20,58455,58456],{},"Common causes of confusion include:",[147,58458,58459,58464,58467,58474],{},[150,58460,50098,58461,58463],{},[15,58462,17],{}," when the data is a string, not a list",[150,58465,58466],{},"expecting substring behavior instead of exact list-item matching",[150,58468,10720,58469,58471,58472],{},[15,58470,1166],{}," with string ",[15,58473,17],{},[150,58475,58476],{},"being surprised that booleans and integers can compare as equal",[134,58478,1454],{"id":1453},[223,58480,1468,58482,58484],{"id":58481},"does-listcount-change-the-list",[15,58483,1166],{}," change the list?",[20,58486,58487],{},"No. It only returns how many times a value appears.",[223,58489,58491],{"id":58490},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-not-in-the-list","What happens if the value is not in the list?",[20,58493,1481,58494,94],{},[15,58495,221],{},[223,58497,1487,58499,58501],{"id":58498},"can-listcount-count-multiple-different-values-at-once",[15,58500,1166],{}," count multiple different values at once?",[20,58503,58504],{},"No. It counts one value per call.",[223,58506,14514,58508,58510],{"id":58507},"is-listcount-case-sensitive-for-strings",[15,58509,1166],{}," case-sensitive for strings?",[20,58512,41761,58513,796,58515,58517],{},[15,58514,57432],{},[15,58516,472],{}," are different values.",[223,58519,922,58521,58523,58524,929],{"id":58520},"why-does-true-sometimes-count-like-1",[15,58522,939],{}," sometimes count like ",[15,58525,58],{},[20,58527,932,58528,58530,58531,796,58533,58530,58535,94],{},[15,58529,939],{}," compares equal to ",[15,58532,58],{},[15,58534,1038],{},[15,58536,221],{},[134,58538,1514],{"id":1513},[147,58540,58541,58545,58549,58553,58560,58567],{},[150,58542,58543],{},[173,58544,52374],{"href":50585},[150,58546,58547],{},[173,58548,1548],{"href":1547},[150,58550,58551],{},[173,58552,6552],{"href":5812},[150,58554,58555],{},[173,58556,55121,58558,1533],{"href":58557},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method\u002F",[15,58559,1302],{},[150,58561,58562],{},[173,58563,3202,58565],{"href":58564},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len",[15,58566,1542],{},[150,58568,58569],{},[173,58570,58571],{"href":58090},"What is a list in Python",[1550,58573,58574],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":58576},[58577,58578,58580,58581,58582,58588,58594,58596,58603,58614],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":56987,"depth":83,"text":58579},"What list.count() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":482,"depth":83,"text":483},{"id":57306,"depth":83,"text":57307,"children":58583},[58584,58585,58587],{"id":57338,"depth":109,"text":57339},{"id":57436,"depth":109,"text":58586},"1 and True can match",{"id":57535,"depth":109,"text":57536},{"id":57613,"depth":83,"text":57614,"children":58589},[58590,58591,58592,58593],{"id":57617,"depth":109,"text":57618},{"id":57696,"depth":109,"text":57697},{"id":57793,"depth":109,"text":57794},{"id":57868,"depth":109,"text":57869},{"id":57969,"depth":83,"text":58595},"When to use count()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":58597},[58598,58599,58600,58601],{"id":58100,"depth":109,"text":58101},{"id":1029,"depth":109,"text":1569},{"id":58274,"depth":109,"text":58275},{"id":58347,"depth":109,"text":58602},"Calling count() on the wrong type",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":58604},[58605,58607,58608,58610,58612],{"id":58481,"depth":109,"text":58606},"Does list.count() change the list?",{"id":58490,"depth":109,"text":58491},{"id":58498,"depth":109,"text":58609},"Can list.count() count multiple different values at once?",{"id":58507,"depth":109,"text":58611},"Is list.count() case-sensitive for strings?",{"id":58520,"depth":109,"text":58613},"Why does True sometimes count like 1?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-count-method",{"title":56884,"description":58615},"reference\u002Fpython-list-count-method","OaDs4b1B53uOAHV8umIolgeKHFj-NyORlCwOR-o8JYw",{"id":58622,"title":58623,"body":58624,"description":60587,"extension":1587,"meta":60588,"navigation":420,"path":60589,"seo":60590,"stem":60591,"__hash__":60592},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list.md","Python List: Creating a List",{"type":7,"value":58625,"toc":60550},[58626,58629,58632,58634,58762,58766,58847,58858,58860,58879,58883,58886,58889,58907,58909,58952,58956,58981,58990,58994,58999,59002,59119,59123,59192,59196,59208,59212,59215,59256,59260,59273,59276,59361,59365,59398,59405,59411,59416,59418,59430,59434,59467,59471,59503,59507,59544,59548,59568,59572,59606,59610,59639,59650,59654,59657,59660,59673,59730,59734,59773,59779,59782,59784,59787,59791,59794,59819,59821,59846,59853,59856,59901,59905,59924,59927,59966,59973,59978,60012,60016,60117,60124,60157,60161,60187,60191,60194,60232,60235,60272,60276,60279,60298,60302,60363,60365,60383,60387,60390,60393,60422,60424,60428,60431,60439,60443,60446,60466,60472,60478,60482,60485,60492,60500,60502,60541,60547],[10,58627,58623],{"id":58628},"python-list-creating-a-list",[20,58630,58631],{},"A Python list is one of the most common data structures you will use. This page shows the main ways to create a list, what list syntax looks like, and when each approach is useful.",[134,58633,3235],{"id":3234},[30,58635,58637],{"className":32,"code":58636,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nempty_list = []\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(empty_list)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,58638,58639,58659,58691,58699,58717,58721,58731,58741,58752],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58640,58641,58643,58645,58647,58649,58651,58653,58655,58657],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58642,46],{"class":45},[39,58644,50],{"class":49},[39,58646,3249],{"class":53},[39,58648,58],{"class":57},[39,58650,61],{"class":53},[39,58652,64],{"class":57},[39,58654,61],{"class":53},[39,58656,73],{"class":57},[39,58658,3262],{"class":53},[39,58660,58661,58663,58665,58667,58669,58671,58673,58675,58677,58679,58681,58683,58685,58687,58689],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,58662,4618],{"class":45},[39,58664,50],{"class":49},[39,58666,3249],{"class":53},[39,58668,244],{"class":243},[39,58670,12492],{"class":247},[39,58672,244],{"class":243},[39,58674,61],{"class":53},[39,58676,255],{"class":243},[39,58678,35555],{"class":247},[39,58680,244],{"class":243},[39,58682,61],{"class":53},[39,58684,255],{"class":243},[39,58686,35564],{"class":247},[39,58688,244],{"class":243},[39,58690,3262],{"class":53},[39,58692,58693,58695,58697],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,58694,55532],{"class":45},[39,58696,50],{"class":49},[39,58698,7455],{"class":53},[39,58700,58701,58703,58705,58707,58709,58711,58713,58715],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,58702,1053],{"class":45},[39,58704,50],{"class":49},[39,58706,22171],{"class":2523},[39,58708,101],{"class":53},[39,58710,244],{"class":243},[39,58712,41169],{"class":247},[39,58714,244],{"class":243},[39,58716,80],{"class":53},[39,58718,58719],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,58720,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,58722,58723,58725,58727,58729],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,58724,113],{"class":112},[39,58726,101],{"class":53},[39,58728,992],{"class":97},[39,58730,80],{"class":53},[39,58732,58733,58735,58737,58739],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,58734,113],{"class":112},[39,58736,101],{"class":53},[39,58738,4662],{"class":97},[39,58740,80],{"class":53},[39,58742,58743,58745,58747,58750],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,58744,113],{"class":112},[39,58746,101],{"class":53},[39,58748,58749],{"class":97},"empty_list",[39,58751,80],{"class":53},[39,58753,58754,58756,58758,58760],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,58755,113],{"class":112},[39,58757,101],{"class":53},[39,58759,35757],{"class":97},[39,58761,80],{"class":53},[20,58763,58764],{},[3367,58765,458],{},[30,58767,58769],{"className":32,"code":58768,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,58770,58771,58787,58815,58819],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58772,58773,58775,58777,58779,58781,58783,58785],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58774,3525],{"class":53},[39,58776,58],{"class":57},[39,58778,61],{"class":53},[39,58780,64],{"class":57},[39,58782,61],{"class":53},[39,58784,73],{"class":57},[39,58786,3262],{"class":53},[39,58788,58789,58791,58793,58795,58797,58799,58801,58803,58805,58807,58809,58811,58813],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,58790,3525],{"class":53},[39,58792,629],{"class":243},[39,58794,12492],{"class":247},[39,58796,629],{"class":243},[39,58798,61],{"class":53},[39,58800,2920],{"class":243},[39,58802,35555],{"class":247},[39,58804,629],{"class":243},[39,58806,61],{"class":53},[39,58808,2920],{"class":243},[39,58810,35564],{"class":247},[39,58812,629],{"class":243},[39,58814,3262],{"class":53},[39,58816,58817],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,58818,37908],{"class":53},[39,58820,58821,58823,58825,58827,58829,58831,58833,58835,58837,58839,58841,58843,58845],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,58822,3525],{"class":53},[39,58824,629],{"class":243},[39,58826,173],{"class":247},[39,58828,629],{"class":243},[39,58830,61],{"class":53},[39,58832,2920],{"class":243},[39,58834,1070],{"class":247},[39,58836,629],{"class":243},[39,58838,61],{"class":53},[39,58840,2920],{"class":243},[39,58842,9352],{"class":247},[39,58844,629],{"class":243},[39,58846,3262],{"class":53},[20,58848,58849,58850,58852,58853,58855,58856,94],{},"Use square brackets ",[15,58851,3412],{}," for most lists. Use ",[15,58854,24392],{}," when converting another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,58857,35812],{},[134,58859,14774],{"id":14773},[147,58861,58862,58865,58868,58871,58876],{},[150,58863,58864],{},"What a list is in Python",[150,58866,58867],{},"How to create a list with square brackets",[150,58869,58870],{},"How to create an empty list",[150,58872,58873,58874,1927],{},"How to create a list with the ",[15,58875,24392],{},[150,58877,58878],{},"What kinds of values a list can store",[134,58880,58882],{"id":58881},"what-a-python-list-is","What a Python list is",[20,58884,58885],{},"A list is an ordered collection of items.",[20,58887,58888],{},"This means:",[147,58890,58891,58894,58897,58900],{},[150,58892,58893],{},"A list can contain one item or many items",[150,58895,58896],{},"The order of items is kept",[150,58898,58899],{},"A list can hold different data types",[150,58901,58902,58903,58906],{},"A list is ",[3367,58904,58905],{},"mutable",", which means you can change it after creating it",[20,58908,515],{},[30,58910,58912],{"className":32,"code":58911,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", 10, True]\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,58913,58914,58938,58942],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58915,58916,58918,58920,58922,58924,58926,58928,58930,58932,58934,58936],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58917,7397],{"class":45},[39,58919,50],{"class":49},[39,58921,3249],{"class":53},[39,58923,244],{"class":243},[39,58925,377],{"class":247},[39,58927,244],{"class":243},[39,58929,61],{"class":53},[39,58931,692],{"class":57},[39,58933,61],{"class":53},[39,58935,3541],{"class":3477},[39,58937,3262],{"class":53},[39,58939,58940],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,58941,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,58943,58944,58946,58948,58950],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,58945,113],{"class":112},[39,58947,101],{"class":53},[39,58949,7426],{"class":97},[39,58951,80],{"class":53},[20,58953,58954],{},[3367,58955,458],{},[30,58957,58959],{"className":32,"code":58958,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 10, True]\n",[15,58960,58961],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,58962,58963,58965,58967,58969,58971,58973,58975,58977,58979],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,58964,3525],{"class":53},[39,58966,629],{"class":243},[39,58968,377],{"class":247},[39,58970,629],{"class":243},[39,58972,61],{"class":53},[39,58974,692],{"class":57},[39,58976,61],{"class":53},[39,58978,3541],{"class":3477},[39,58980,3262],{"class":53},[20,58982,58983,58984,177,58987,94],{},"If you want a broader introduction, see ",[173,58985,58986],{"href":50585},"Python Lists Explained for Beginners",[173,58988,58989],{"href":58090},"What is a List in Python?",[134,58991,58993],{"id":58992},"create-a-list-with-square-brackets","Create a list with square brackets",[20,58995,58849,58996,58998],{},[15,58997,3412],{}," to create a list. Put items inside the brackets and separate them with commas.",[20,59000,59001],{},"This is the most common way to create a list.",[30,59003,59005],{"className":32,"code":59004,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nmixed = [10, \"hello\", False]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(names)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,59006,59007,59027,59059,59084,59088,59098,59108],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59008,59009,59011,59013,59015,59017,59019,59021,59023,59025],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59010,46],{"class":45},[39,59012,50],{"class":49},[39,59014,3249],{"class":53},[39,59016,58],{"class":57},[39,59018,61],{"class":53},[39,59020,64],{"class":57},[39,59022,61],{"class":53},[39,59024,73],{"class":57},[39,59026,3262],{"class":53},[39,59028,59029,59031,59033,59035,59037,59039,59041,59043,59045,59047,59049,59051,59053,59055,59057],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59030,4618],{"class":45},[39,59032,50],{"class":49},[39,59034,3249],{"class":53},[39,59036,244],{"class":243},[39,59038,12492],{"class":247},[39,59040,244],{"class":243},[39,59042,61],{"class":53},[39,59044,255],{"class":243},[39,59046,35555],{"class":247},[39,59048,244],{"class":243},[39,59050,61],{"class":53},[39,59052,255],{"class":243},[39,59054,35564],{"class":247},[39,59056,244],{"class":243},[39,59058,3262],{"class":53},[39,59060,59061,59064,59066,59068,59070,59072,59074,59076,59078,59080,59082],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,59062,59063],{"class":45},"mixed ",[39,59065,50],{"class":49},[39,59067,3249],{"class":53},[39,59069,682],{"class":57},[39,59071,61],{"class":53},[39,59073,255],{"class":243},[39,59075,3470],{"class":247},[39,59077,244],{"class":243},[39,59079,61],{"class":53},[39,59081,3532],{"class":3477},[39,59083,3262],{"class":53},[39,59085,59086],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,59087,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,59089,59090,59092,59094,59096],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,59091,113],{"class":112},[39,59093,101],{"class":53},[39,59095,992],{"class":97},[39,59097,80],{"class":53},[39,59099,59100,59102,59104,59106],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,59101,113],{"class":112},[39,59103,101],{"class":53},[39,59105,4662],{"class":97},[39,59107,80],{"class":53},[39,59109,59110,59112,59114,59117],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,59111,113],{"class":112},[39,59113,101],{"class":53},[39,59115,59116],{"class":97},"mixed",[39,59118,80],{"class":53},[20,59120,59121],{},[3367,59122,458],{},[30,59124,59126],{"className":32,"code":59125,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n[10, 'hello', False]\n",[15,59127,59128,59144,59172],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59129,59130,59132,59134,59136,59138,59140,59142],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59131,3525],{"class":53},[39,59133,58],{"class":57},[39,59135,61],{"class":53},[39,59137,64],{"class":57},[39,59139,61],{"class":53},[39,59141,73],{"class":57},[39,59143,3262],{"class":53},[39,59145,59146,59148,59150,59152,59154,59156,59158,59160,59162,59164,59166,59168,59170],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59147,3525],{"class":53},[39,59149,629],{"class":243},[39,59151,12492],{"class":247},[39,59153,629],{"class":243},[39,59155,61],{"class":53},[39,59157,2920],{"class":243},[39,59159,35555],{"class":247},[39,59161,629],{"class":243},[39,59163,61],{"class":53},[39,59165,2920],{"class":243},[39,59167,35564],{"class":247},[39,59169,629],{"class":243},[39,59171,3262],{"class":53},[39,59173,59174,59176,59178,59180,59182,59184,59186,59188,59190],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,59175,3525],{"class":53},[39,59177,682],{"class":57},[39,59179,61],{"class":53},[39,59181,2920],{"class":243},[39,59183,3470],{"class":247},[39,59185,629],{"class":243},[39,59187,61],{"class":53},[39,59189,3532],{"class":3477},[39,59191,3262],{"class":53},[223,59193,59195],{"id":59194},"key-points","Key points",[147,59197,59198,59203,59205],{},[150,59199,128,59200,59202],{},[15,59201,3412],{}," to make a new list",[150,59204,15044],{},[150,59206,59207],{},"Works with numbers, strings, booleans, and mixed values",[134,59209,59211],{"id":59210},"create-an-empty-list","Create an empty list",[20,59213,59214],{},"Use empty square brackets when you want a blank list.",[30,59216,59218],{"className":32,"code":59217,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = []\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\n",[15,59219,59220,59228,59232,59242],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59221,59222,59224,59226],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59223,7924],{"class":45},[39,59225,50],{"class":49},[39,59227,7455],{"class":53},[39,59229,59230],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59231,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,59233,59234,59236,59238,59240],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,59235,113],{"class":112},[39,59237,101],{"class":53},[39,59239,7955],{"class":97},[39,59241,80],{"class":53},[39,59243,59244,59246,59248,59250,59252,59254],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,59245,113],{"class":112},[39,59247,101],{"class":53},[39,59249,10775],{"class":112},[39,59251,101],{"class":53},[39,59253,7955],{"class":97},[39,59255,1026],{"class":53},[20,59257,59258],{},[3367,59259,458],{},[30,59261,59263],{"className":32,"code":59262,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[]\n0\n",[15,59264,59265,59269],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59266,59267],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59268,37908],{"class":53},[39,59270,59271],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59272,46857],{"class":57},[20,59274,59275],{},"An empty list is useful when you want to build a list step by step.",[30,59277,59279],{"className":32,"code":59278,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = []\n\nnames.append(\"Ana\")\nnames.append(\"Ben\")\nnames.append(\"Cara\")\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,59280,59281,59289,59293,59311,59329,59347,59351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59282,59283,59285,59287],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59284,4618],{"class":45},[39,59286,50],{"class":49},[39,59288,7455],{"class":53},[39,59290,59291],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59292,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,59294,59295,59297,59299,59301,59303,59305,59307,59309],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,59296,4662],{"class":45},[39,59298,94],{"class":53},[39,59300,13163],{"class":97},[39,59302,101],{"class":53},[39,59304,244],{"class":243},[39,59306,12492],{"class":247},[39,59308,244],{"class":243},[39,59310,80],{"class":53},[39,59312,59313,59315,59317,59319,59321,59323,59325,59327],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,59314,4662],{"class":45},[39,59316,94],{"class":53},[39,59318,13163],{"class":97},[39,59320,101],{"class":53},[39,59322,244],{"class":243},[39,59324,35555],{"class":247},[39,59326,244],{"class":243},[39,59328,80],{"class":53},[39,59330,59331,59333,59335,59337,59339,59341,59343,59345],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,59332,4662],{"class":45},[39,59334,94],{"class":53},[39,59336,13163],{"class":97},[39,59338,101],{"class":53},[39,59340,244],{"class":243},[39,59342,35564],{"class":247},[39,59344,244],{"class":243},[39,59346,80],{"class":53},[39,59348,59349],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,59350,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,59352,59353,59355,59357,59359],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,59354,113],{"class":112},[39,59356,101],{"class":53},[39,59358,4662],{"class":97},[39,59360,80],{"class":53},[20,59362,59363],{},[3367,59364,458],{},[30,59366,59368],{"className":32,"code":59367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Ana', 'Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,59369,59370],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59371,59372,59374,59376,59378,59380,59382,59384,59386,59388,59390,59392,59394,59396],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59373,3525],{"class":53},[39,59375,629],{"class":243},[39,59377,12492],{"class":247},[39,59379,629],{"class":243},[39,59381,61],{"class":53},[39,59383,2920],{"class":243},[39,59385,35555],{"class":247},[39,59387,629],{"class":243},[39,59389,61],{"class":53},[39,59391,2920],{"class":243},[39,59393,35564],{"class":247},[39,59395,629],{"class":243},[39,59397,3262],{"class":53},[20,59399,59400,59401,94],{},"To learn more about adding items, see the ",[173,59402,59403,1533],{"href":56370},[15,59404,52255],{},[134,59406,59408,59409],{"id":59407},"create-a-list-with-list","Create a list with ",[15,59410,24392],{},[20,59412,128,59413,59415],{},[15,59414,24392],{}," to convert another iterable into a list.",[20,59417,5073],{},[147,59419,59420,59422,59424,59426],{},[150,59421,4926],{},[150,59423,4920],{},[150,59425,4923],{},[150,59427,59428],{},[15,59429,35812],{},[223,59431,59433],{"id":59432},"example-convert-a-string","Example: convert a string",[30,59435,59437],{"className":32,"code":59436,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = list(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,59438,59439,59457],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59440,59441,59443,59445,59447,59449,59451,59453,59455],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59442,1053],{"class":45},[39,59444,50],{"class":49},[39,59446,22171],{"class":2523},[39,59448,101],{"class":53},[39,59450,244],{"class":243},[39,59452,41169],{"class":247},[39,59454,244],{"class":243},[39,59456,80],{"class":53},[39,59458,59459,59461,59463,59465],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59460,113],{"class":112},[39,59462,101],{"class":53},[39,59464,35757],{"class":97},[39,59466,80],{"class":53},[20,59468,59469],{},[3367,59470,458],{},[30,59472,59473],{"className":32,"code":42483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,59474,59475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59476,59477,59479,59481,59483,59485,59487,59489,59491,59493,59495,59497,59499,59501],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59478,3525],{"class":53},[39,59480,629],{"class":243},[39,59482,173],{"class":247},[39,59484,629],{"class":243},[39,59486,61],{"class":53},[39,59488,2920],{"class":243},[39,59490,1070],{"class":247},[39,59492,629],{"class":243},[39,59494,61],{"class":53},[39,59496,2920],{"class":243},[39,59498,9352],{"class":247},[39,59500,629],{"class":243},[39,59502,3262],{"class":53},[223,59504,59506],{"id":59505},"example-convert-a-tuple","Example: convert a tuple",[30,59508,59510],{"className":32,"code":59509,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,59511,59512,59534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59513,59514,59516,59518,59520,59522,59524,59526,59528,59530,59532],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59515,46],{"class":45},[39,59517,50],{"class":49},[39,59519,22171],{"class":2523},[39,59521,5126],{"class":53},[39,59523,58],{"class":57},[39,59525,61],{"class":53},[39,59527,64],{"class":57},[39,59529,61],{"class":53},[39,59531,73],{"class":57},[39,59533,1026],{"class":53},[39,59535,59536,59538,59540,59542],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59537,113],{"class":112},[39,59539,101],{"class":53},[39,59541,992],{"class":97},[39,59543,80],{"class":53},[20,59545,59546],{},[3367,59547,458],{},[30,59549,59550],{"className":32,"code":54751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,59551,59552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59553,59554,59556,59558,59560,59562,59564,59566],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59555,3525],{"class":53},[39,59557,58],{"class":57},[39,59559,61],{"class":53},[39,59561,64],{"class":57},[39,59563,61],{"class":53},[39,59565,73],{"class":57},[39,59567,3262],{"class":53},[223,59569,59571],{"id":59570},"example-convert-a-range","Example: convert a range",[30,59573,59575],{"className":32,"code":59574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = list(range(5))\nprint(values)\n",[15,59576,59577,59596],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59578,59579,59581,59583,59585,59587,59590,59592,59594],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59580,812],{"class":45},[39,59582,50],{"class":49},[39,59584,22171],{"class":2523},[39,59586,101],{"class":53},[39,59588,59589],{"class":112},"range",[39,59591,101],{"class":53},[39,59593,1376],{"class":57},[39,59595,1026],{"class":53},[39,59597,59598,59600,59602,59604],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59599,113],{"class":112},[39,59601,101],{"class":53},[39,59603,856],{"class":97},[39,59605,80],{"class":53},[20,59607,59608],{},[3367,59609,458],{},[30,59611,59613],{"className":32,"code":59612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,59614,59615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59616,59617,59619,59621,59623,59625,59627,59629,59631,59633,59635,59637],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59618,3525],{"class":53},[39,59620,221],{"class":57},[39,59622,61],{"class":53},[39,59624,595],{"class":57},[39,59626,61],{"class":53},[39,59628,64],{"class":57},[39,59630,61],{"class":53},[39,59632,73],{"class":57},[39,59634,61],{"class":53},[39,59636,2080],{"class":57},[39,59638,3262],{"class":53},[20,59640,59641,59643,59644,94],{},[15,59642,24392],{}," is useful when you already have another iterable and want a list version of it. For more detail, see ",[173,59645,59647,59649],{"href":59646},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained\u002F",[15,59648,24392],{},": Function Explained",[134,59651,59653],{"id":59652},"lists-can-store-many-kinds-of-values","Lists can store many kinds of values",[20,59655,59656],{},"A list can store many types of data.",[20,59658,59659],{},"Examples include:",[147,59661,59662,59664,59666,59668,59670],{},[150,59663,4926],{},[150,59665,40035],{},[150,59667,51648],{},[150,59669,40205],{},[150,59671,59672],{},"other lists",[30,59674,59676],{"className":32,"code":59675,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [\"Ana\", 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n\nprint(data)\n",[15,59677,59678,59716,59720],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59679,59680,59682,59684,59686,59688,59690,59692,59694,59696,59698,59700,59702,59704,59706,59708,59710,59712,59714],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59681,8778],{"class":45},[39,59683,50],{"class":49},[39,59685,3249],{"class":53},[39,59687,244],{"class":243},[39,59689,12492],{"class":247},[39,59691,244],{"class":243},[39,59693,61],{"class":53},[39,59695,8918],{"class":57},[39,59697,61],{"class":53},[39,59699,3541],{"class":3477},[39,59701,61],{"class":53},[39,59703,3249],{"class":53},[39,59705,58],{"class":57},[39,59707,61],{"class":53},[39,59709,64],{"class":57},[39,59711,61],{"class":53},[39,59713,73],{"class":57},[39,59715,52844],{"class":53},[39,59717,59718],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59719,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,59721,59722,59724,59726,59728],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,59723,113],{"class":112},[39,59725,101],{"class":53},[39,59727,8817],{"class":97},[39,59729,80],{"class":53},[20,59731,59732],{},[3367,59733,458],{},[30,59735,59737],{"className":32,"code":59736,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Ana', 25, True, [1, 2, 3]]\n",[15,59738,59739],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59740,59741,59743,59745,59747,59749,59751,59753,59755,59757,59759,59761,59763,59765,59767,59769,59771],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59742,3525],{"class":53},[39,59744,629],{"class":243},[39,59746,12492],{"class":247},[39,59748,629],{"class":243},[39,59750,61],{"class":53},[39,59752,8918],{"class":57},[39,59754,61],{"class":53},[39,59756,3541],{"class":3477},[39,59758,61],{"class":53},[39,59760,3249],{"class":53},[39,59762,58],{"class":57},[39,59764,61],{"class":53},[39,59766,64],{"class":57},[39,59768,61],{"class":53},[39,59770,73],{"class":57},[39,59772,52844],{"class":53},[20,59774,59775,59776,94],{},"The last item in this example is another list. This is called a ",[3367,59777,59778],{},"nested list",[20,59780,59781],{},"Python allows mixed types in one list, but beginners should usually keep list data consistent when possible. That makes code easier to read and work with.",[134,59783,4141],{"id":4140},[20,59785,59786],{},"Here are some common problems when creating lists.",[223,59788,59790],{"id":59789},"forgetting-commas-between-items","Forgetting commas between items",[20,59792,59793],{},"This causes a syntax error.",[30,59795,59797],{"className":32,"code":59796,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong\nnumbers = [1 2 3]\n",[15,59798,59799,59803],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59800,59801],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59802,4158],{"class":124},[39,59804,59805,59807,59809,59811,59813,59815,59817],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59806,46],{"class":45},[39,59808,50],{"class":49},[39,59810,3249],{"class":53},[39,59812,58],{"class":57},[39,59814,64],{"class":57},[39,59816,73],{"class":57},[39,59818,3262],{"class":53},[20,59820,10420],{},[30,59822,59824],{"className":32,"code":59823,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,59825,59826],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59827,59828,59830,59832,59834,59836,59838,59840,59842,59844],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59829,46],{"class":45},[39,59831,50],{"class":49},[39,59833,3249],{"class":53},[39,59835,58],{"class":57},[39,59837,61],{"class":53},[39,59839,64],{"class":57},[39,59841,61],{"class":53},[39,59843,73],{"class":57},[39,59845,3262],{"class":53},[223,59847,948,59849,10705,59851],{"id":59848},"using-instead-of",[15,59850,6982],{},[15,59852,3412],{},[20,59854,59855],{},"Parentheses usually create a tuple, not a list.",[30,59857,59859],{"className":32,"code":59858,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_values = (1, 2, 3)\n\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59860,59861,59882,59886],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59862,59863,59866,59868,59870,59872,59874,59876,59878,59880],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59864,59865],{"class":45},"my_values ",[39,59867,50],{"class":49},[39,59869,54],{"class":53},[39,59871,58],{"class":57},[39,59873,61],{"class":53},[39,59875,64],{"class":57},[39,59877,61],{"class":53},[39,59879,73],{"class":57},[39,59881,80],{"class":53},[39,59883,59884],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59885,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,59887,59888,59890,59892,59894,59896,59899],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,59889,113],{"class":112},[39,59891,101],{"class":53},[39,59893,2845],{"class":2523},[39,59895,101],{"class":53},[39,59897,59898],{"class":97},"my_values",[39,59900,1026],{"class":53},[20,59902,59903],{},[3367,59904,458],{},[30,59906,59908],{"className":32,"code":59907,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,59909,59910],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59911,59912,59914,59916,59918,59920,59922],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59913,2914],{"class":49},[39,59915,2917],{"class":1689},[39,59917,2920],{"class":243},[39,59919,48559],{"class":247},[39,59921,629],{"class":243},[39,59923,2927],{"class":49},[20,59925,59926],{},"If you want a list, use square brackets:",[30,59928,59930],{"className":32,"code":59929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(my_values))\n",[15,59931,59932,59952],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59933,59934,59936,59938,59940,59942,59944,59946,59948,59950],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59935,59865],{"class":45},[39,59937,50],{"class":49},[39,59939,3249],{"class":53},[39,59941,58],{"class":57},[39,59943,61],{"class":53},[39,59945,64],{"class":57},[39,59947,61],{"class":53},[39,59949,73],{"class":57},[39,59951,3262],{"class":53},[39,59953,59954,59956,59958,59960,59962,59964],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,59955,113],{"class":112},[39,59957,101],{"class":53},[39,59959,2845],{"class":2523},[39,59961,101],{"class":53},[39,59963,59898],{"class":97},[39,59965,1026],{"class":53},[223,59967,1030,59969,59972],{"id":59968},"expecting-listhello-world-to-create-a-list-of-words",[15,59970,59971],{},"list(\"hello world\")"," to create a list of words",[20,59974,59975,59977],{},[15,59976,24392],{}," splits a string into individual characters, not words.",[30,59979,59981],{"className":32,"code":59980,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = list(\"hello world\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,59982,59983,60002],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,59984,59985,59987,59989,59991,59993,59995,59998,60000],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,59986,86],{"class":45},[39,59988,50],{"class":49},[39,59990,22171],{"class":2523},[39,59992,101],{"class":53},[39,59994,244],{"class":243},[39,59996,59997],{"class":247},"hello world",[39,59999,244],{"class":243},[39,60001,80],{"class":53},[39,60003,60004,60006,60008,60010],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,60005,113],{"class":112},[39,60007,101],{"class":53},[39,60009,118],{"class":97},[39,60011,80],{"class":53},[20,60013,60014],{},[3367,60015,458],{},[30,60017,60019],{"className":32,"code":60018,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o', ' ', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,60020,60021],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60022,60023,60025,60027,60030,60032,60034,60036,60039,60041,60043,60045,60048,60050,60052,60054,60056,60058,60060,60062,60065,60067,60069,60071,60073,60075,60077,60080,60082,60084,60086,60088,60090,60092,60094,60097,60099,60101,60103,60105,60107,60109,60111,60113,60115],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60024,3525],{"class":53},[39,60026,629],{"class":243},[39,60028,60029],{"class":247},"h",[39,60031,629],{"class":243},[39,60033,61],{"class":53},[39,60035,2920],{"class":243},[39,60037,60038],{"class":247},"e",[39,60040,629],{"class":243},[39,60042,61],{"class":53},[39,60044,2920],{"class":243},[39,60046,60047],{"class":247},"l",[39,60049,629],{"class":243},[39,60051,61],{"class":53},[39,60053,2920],{"class":243},[39,60055,60047],{"class":247},[39,60057,629],{"class":243},[39,60059,61],{"class":53},[39,60061,2920],{"class":243},[39,60063,60064],{"class":247},"o",[39,60066,629],{"class":243},[39,60068,61],{"class":53},[39,60070,2920],{"class":243},[39,60072,2920],{"class":243},[39,60074,61],{"class":53},[39,60076,2920],{"class":243},[39,60078,60079],{"class":247},"w",[39,60081,629],{"class":243},[39,60083,61],{"class":53},[39,60085,2920],{"class":243},[39,60087,60064],{"class":247},[39,60089,629],{"class":243},[39,60091,61],{"class":53},[39,60093,2920],{"class":243},[39,60095,60096],{"class":247},"r",[39,60098,629],{"class":243},[39,60100,61],{"class":53},[39,60102,2920],{"class":243},[39,60104,60047],{"class":247},[39,60106,629],{"class":243},[39,60108,61],{"class":53},[39,60110,2920],{"class":243},[39,60112,18380],{"class":247},[39,60114,629],{"class":243},[39,60116,3262],{"class":53},[20,60118,60119,60120,60123],{},"If you want words, use ",[15,60121,60122],{},"split()"," instead:",[30,60125,60127],{"className":32,"code":60126,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = \"hello world\".split()\nprint(words)\n",[15,60128,60129,60147],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60130,60131,60133,60135,60137,60139,60141,60143,60145],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60132,1191],{"class":45},[39,60134,50],{"class":49},[39,60136,255],{"class":243},[39,60138,59997],{"class":247},[39,60140,244],{"class":243},[39,60142,94],{"class":53},[39,60144,34083],{"class":97},[39,60146,8257],{"class":53},[39,60148,60149,60151,60153,60155],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,60150,113],{"class":112},[39,60152,101],{"class":53},[39,60154,1229],{"class":97},[39,60156,80],{"class":53},[20,60158,60159],{},[3367,60160,458],{},[30,60162,60164],{"className":32,"code":60163,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['hello', 'world']\n",[15,60165,60166],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60167,60168,60170,60172,60174,60176,60178,60180,60183,60185],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60169,3525],{"class":53},[39,60171,629],{"class":243},[39,60173,3470],{"class":247},[39,60175,629],{"class":243},[39,60177,61],{"class":53},[39,60179,2920],{"class":243},[39,60181,60182],{"class":247},"world",[39,60184,629],{"class":243},[39,60186,3262],{"class":53},[223,60188,60190],{"id":60189},"adding-mismatched-brackets-or-quotes","Adding mismatched brackets or quotes",[20,60192,60193],{},"This causes syntax errors.",[30,60195,60197],{"className":32,"code":60196,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong\nnames = [\"Ana\", \"Ben', \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60198,60199,60203],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60200,60201],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60202,4158],{"class":124},[39,60204,60205,60207,60209,60211,60213,60215,60217,60219,60221,60224,60226,60228,60230],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,60206,4618],{"class":45},[39,60208,50],{"class":49},[39,60210,3249],{"class":53},[39,60212,244],{"class":243},[39,60214,12492],{"class":247},[39,60216,244],{"class":243},[39,60218,61],{"class":53},[39,60220,255],{"class":243},[39,60222,60223],{"class":247},"Ben', ",[39,60225,244],{"class":243},[39,60227,35564],{"class":45},[39,60229,244],{"class":243},[39,60231,3262],{"class":247},[20,60233,60234],{},"Make sure your quotes and brackets match correctly:",[30,60236,60238],{"className":32,"code":60237,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n",[15,60239,60240],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60241,60242,60244,60246,60248,60250,60252,60254,60256,60258,60260,60262,60264,60266,60268,60270],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60243,4618],{"class":45},[39,60245,50],{"class":49},[39,60247,3249],{"class":53},[39,60249,244],{"class":243},[39,60251,12492],{"class":247},[39,60253,244],{"class":243},[39,60255,61],{"class":53},[39,60257,255],{"class":243},[39,60259,35555],{"class":247},[39,60261,244],{"class":243},[39,60263,61],{"class":53},[39,60265,255],{"class":243},[39,60267,35564],{"class":247},[39,60269,244],{"class":243},[39,60271,3262],{"class":53},[223,60273,60275],{"id":60274},"common-causes-to-check","Common causes to check",[20,60277,60278],{},"If your list code is not working, check for these issues:",[147,60280,60281,60284,60287,60292],{},[150,60282,60283],{},"Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[150,60285,60286],{},"Leaving out commas between list items",[150,60288,60289,60290],{},"Passing a non-iterable value to ",[15,60291,24392],{},[150,60293,1030,60294,60297],{},[15,60295,60296],{},"list(\"abc\")"," to return one string item instead of separate characters",[223,60299,60301],{"id":60300},"useful-debugging-checks","Useful debugging checks",[30,60303,60305],{"className":32,"code":60304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(list(range(5)))\n",[15,60306,60307,60317,60331,60345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60308,60309,60311,60313,60315],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60310,113],{"class":112},[39,60312,101],{"class":53},[39,60314,7955],{"class":97},[39,60316,80],{"class":53},[39,60318,60319,60321,60323,60325,60327,60329],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,60320,113],{"class":112},[39,60322,101],{"class":53},[39,60324,2845],{"class":2523},[39,60326,101],{"class":53},[39,60328,7955],{"class":97},[39,60330,1026],{"class":53},[39,60332,60333,60335,60337,60339,60341,60343],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,60334,113],{"class":112},[39,60336,101],{"class":53},[39,60338,10775],{"class":112},[39,60340,101],{"class":53},[39,60342,7955],{"class":97},[39,60344,1026],{"class":53},[39,60346,60347,60349,60351,60353,60355,60357,60359,60361],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,60348,113],{"class":112},[39,60350,101],{"class":53},[39,60352,7710],{"class":2523},[39,60354,101],{"class":53},[39,60356,59589],{"class":112},[39,60358,101],{"class":53},[39,60360,1376],{"class":57},[39,60362,2534],{"class":53},[20,60364,25620],{},[147,60366,60367,60370,60373,60376],{},[150,60368,60369],{},"what the list contains",[150,60371,60372],{},"whether the value is really a list",[150,60374,60375],{},"how many items it has",[150,60377,25631,60378,60380,60381],{},[15,60379,24392],{}," does with ",[15,60382,35812],{},[134,60384,60386],{"id":60385},"when-to-use-this-page-vs-related-pages","When to use this page vs related pages",[20,60388,60389],{},"Use this page when you want to learn how to create a list.",[20,60391,60392],{},"Use related pages for the next step:",[147,60394,60395,60410,60415],{},[150,60396,128,60397,1814,60401,16685,60405,60409],{},[173,60398,60399],{"href":56370},[15,60400,52255],{},[173,60402,60403],{"href":52946},[15,60404,53048],{},[173,60406,60407],{"href":53510},[15,60408,53869],{}," to add items later",[150,60411,128,60412,60414],{},[173,60413,58986],{"href":50585}," for a broader introduction",[150,60416,128,60417,60421],{},[173,60418,60419,59649],{"href":59646},[15,60420,24392],{}," for more detail about converting values into lists",[134,60423,1454],{"id":1453},[223,60425,60427],{"id":60426},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-list-in-python","How do I create an empty list in Python?",[20,60429,60430],{},"Use empty square brackets:",[30,60432,60433],{"className":32,"code":37908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,60434,60435],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60436,60437],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60438,37908],{"class":53},[223,60440,60442],{"id":60441},"what-is-the-most-common-way-to-create-a-list","What is the most common way to create a list?",[20,60444,60445],{},"Use square brackets with comma-separated items, such as:",[30,60447,60448],{"className":32,"code":54751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,60449,60450],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60451,60452,60454,60456,60458,60460,60462,60464],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60453,3525],{"class":53},[39,60455,58],{"class":57},[39,60457,61],{"class":53},[39,60459,64],{"class":57},[39,60461,61],{"class":53},[39,60463,73],{"class":57},[39,60465,3262],{"class":53},[223,60467,1458,60469,60471],{"id":60468},"what-does-list-do-in-python",[15,60470,24392],{}," do in Python?",[20,60473,60474,60475,60477],{},"It converts another iterable, such as a string, tuple, or ",[15,60476,35812],{},", into a list.",[223,60479,60481],{"id":60480},"can-a-python-list-store-different-data-types","Can a Python list store different data types?",[20,60483,60484],{},"Yes. A list can store mixed types like strings, numbers, and booleans.",[223,60486,1497,60488,796,60490,929],{"id":60487},"what-is-the-difference-between-and",[15,60489,3412],{},[15,60491,6982],{},[20,60493,60494,60496,60497,60499],{},[15,60495,3412],{}," creates a list. ",[15,60498,6982],{}," usually creates a tuple.",[134,60501,1514],{"id":1513},[147,60503,60504,60508,60514,60520,60526,60532,60536],{},[150,60505,60506],{},[173,60507,58986],{"href":50585},[150,60509,60510],{},[173,60511,55121,60512,18],{"href":56370},[15,60513,52255],{},[150,60515,60516],{},[173,60517,55121,60518,18],{"href":52946},[15,60519,53048],{},[150,60521,60522],{},[173,60523,55121,60524,18],{"href":53510},[15,60525,53869],{},[150,60527,60528],{},[173,60529,3202,60530,3206],{"href":59646},[15,60531,24392],{},[150,60533,60534],{},[173,60535,58989],{"href":58090},[150,60537,60538],{},[173,60539,60540],{"href":11676},"Mutability in Python Explained",[20,60542,60543,60544,60546],{},"Next step: learn how to add, access, and change list items using ",[15,60545,52255],{},", indexing, and slicing.",[1550,60548,60549],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":60551},[60552,60553,60554,60555,60558,60559,60565,60566,60576,60577,60586],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":14773,"depth":83,"text":14774},{"id":58881,"depth":83,"text":58882},{"id":58992,"depth":83,"text":58993,"children":60556},[60557],{"id":59194,"depth":109,"text":59195},{"id":59210,"depth":83,"text":59211},{"id":59407,"depth":83,"text":60560,"children":60561},"Create a list with list()",[60562,60563,60564],{"id":59432,"depth":109,"text":59433},{"id":59505,"depth":109,"text":59506},{"id":59570,"depth":109,"text":59571},{"id":59652,"depth":83,"text":59653},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":60567},[60568,60569,60571,60573,60574,60575],{"id":59789,"depth":109,"text":59790},{"id":59848,"depth":109,"text":60570},"Using () instead of []",{"id":59968,"depth":109,"text":60572},"Expecting list(\"hello world\") to create a list of words",{"id":60189,"depth":109,"text":60190},{"id":60274,"depth":109,"text":60275},{"id":60300,"depth":109,"text":60301},{"id":60385,"depth":83,"text":60386},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":60578},[60579,60580,60581,60583,60584],{"id":60426,"depth":109,"text":60427},{"id":60441,"depth":109,"text":60442},{"id":60468,"depth":109,"text":60582},"What does list() do in Python?",{"id":60480,"depth":109,"text":60481},{"id":60487,"depth":109,"text":60585},"What is the difference between [] and ()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list creating a list in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list",{"title":58623,"description":60587},"reference\u002Fpython-list-creating-a-list","qsr8XW8AjVDmPmBKxRn9AxuodoiKbvD3OgKNyhirhog",{"id":60594,"title":60595,"body":60596,"description":62337,"extension":1587,"meta":62338,"navigation":420,"path":62339,"seo":62340,"stem":62341,"__hash__":62342},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method.md","Python List extend() Method",{"type":7,"value":60597,"toc":62292},[60598,60603,60608,60611,60613,60684,60689,60694,60698,60712,60717,60719,60739,60744,60747,60770,60774,60779,60871,60873,60895,60901,60907,60914,60921,60927,60984,60990,61048,61050,61062,61070,61076,61081,61085,61142,61145,61149,61208,61211,61215,61273,61285,61289,61342,61345,61349,61355,61361,61423,61426,61487,61490,61546,61551,61553,61557,61564,61625,61630,61639,61695,61702,61706,61764,61773,61831,61835,61870,61874,61884,61887,61942,61956,61959,62074,62079,62083,62094,62096,62175,62185,62187,62192,62197,62204,62212,62218,62221,62227,62230,62236,62242,62244,62280,62289],[10,60599,53943,60601,18],{"id":60600},"python-list-extend-method",[15,60602,53048],{},[20,60604,60605,60607],{},[15,60606,52949],{}," adds items from another iterable to the end of a list.",[20,60609,60610],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it updates the same list instead of creating a new one. This method is useful when you want to add multiple values at once.",[134,60612,1629],{"id":1628},[30,60614,60616],{"className":32,"code":60615,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nmore_numbers = [3, 4]\n\nnumbers.extend(more_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60617,60618,60634,60651,60655,60670,60680],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60619,60620,60622,60624,60626,60628,60630,60632],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60621,46],{"class":45},[39,60623,50],{"class":49},[39,60625,3249],{"class":53},[39,60627,58],{"class":57},[39,60629,61],{"class":53},[39,60631,64],{"class":57},[39,60633,3262],{"class":53},[39,60635,60636,60639,60641,60643,60645,60647,60649],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,60637,60638],{"class":45},"more_numbers ",[39,60640,50],{"class":49},[39,60642,3249],{"class":53},[39,60644,479],{"class":57},[39,60646,61],{"class":53},[39,60648,2080],{"class":57},[39,60650,3262],{"class":53},[39,60652,60653],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,60654,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,60656,60657,60659,60661,60663,60665,60668],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,60658,992],{"class":45},[39,60660,94],{"class":53},[39,60662,53078],{"class":97},[39,60664,101],{"class":53},[39,60666,60667],{"class":97},"more_numbers",[39,60669,80],{"class":53},[39,60671,60672,60674,60676,60678],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,60673,113],{"class":112},[39,60675,101],{"class":53},[39,60677,992],{"class":97},[39,60679,80],{"class":53},[39,60681,60682],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,60683,52326],{"class":124},[20,60685,128,60686,60688],{},[15,60687,53048],{}," when you want to add each item from another iterable into the same list.",[134,60690,137,60692,140],{"id":60691},"what-listextend-does",[15,60693,52949],{},[20,60695,60696,145],{},[15,60697,53048],{},[147,60699,60700,60703,60705,60708],{},[150,60701,60702],{},"Adds items from another iterable to the end of a list",[150,60704,54029],{},[150,60706,60707],{},"Does not create a new list",[150,60709,494,60710],{},[15,60711,3403],{},[20,60713,60714,60715,53403],{},"This is an important point: ",[15,60716,53048],{},[134,60718,1781],{"id":1780},[30,60720,60722],{"className":32,"code":60721,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list_name.extend(iterable)\n",[15,60723,60724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60725,60726,60729,60731,60733,60735,60737],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60727,60728],{"class":45},"list_name",[39,60730,94],{"class":53},[39,60732,53078],{"class":97},[39,60734,101],{"class":53},[39,60736,3344],{"class":97},[39,60738,80],{"class":53},[20,60740,5068,60741,60743],{},[3367,60742,3344],{},". An iterable is something Python can loop through one item at a time.",[20,60745,60746],{},"Common iterables include:",[147,60748,60749,60753,60757,60761,60766],{},[150,60750,60751],{},[15,60752,7710],{},[150,60754,60755],{},[15,60756,48559],{},[150,60758,60759],{},[15,60760,5902],{},[150,60762,60763],{},[15,60764,60765],{},"string",[150,60767,60768],{},[15,60769,59589],{},[134,60771,60773],{"id":60772},"simple-example-with-another-list","Simple example with another list",[20,60775,60776,60777,145],{},"Here is the most common use of ",[15,60778,53048],{},[30,60780,60782],{"className":32,"code":60781,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\"]\nmore_fruits = [\"orange\", \"grape\"]\n\nfruits.extend(more_fruits)\n\nprint(fruits)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,60783,60784,60808,60833,60837,60852,60856,60866],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60785,60786,60788,60790,60792,60794,60796,60798,60800,60802,60804,60806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60787,368],{"class":45},[39,60789,50],{"class":49},[39,60791,3249],{"class":53},[39,60793,244],{"class":243},[39,60795,377],{"class":247},[39,60797,244],{"class":243},[39,60799,61],{"class":53},[39,60801,255],{"class":243},[39,60803,386],{"class":247},[39,60805,244],{"class":243},[39,60807,3262],{"class":53},[39,60809,60810,60813,60815,60817,60819,60821,60823,60825,60827,60829,60831],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,60811,60812],{"class":45},"more_fruits ",[39,60814,50],{"class":49},[39,60816,3249],{"class":53},[39,60818,244],{"class":243},[39,60820,403],{"class":247},[39,60822,244],{"class":243},[39,60824,61],{"class":53},[39,60826,255],{"class":243},[39,60828,22144],{"class":247},[39,60830,244],{"class":243},[39,60832,3262],{"class":53},[39,60834,60835],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,60836,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,60838,60839,60841,60843,60845,60847,60850],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,60840,35904],{"class":45},[39,60842,94],{"class":53},[39,60844,53078],{"class":97},[39,60846,101],{"class":53},[39,60848,60849],{"class":97},"more_fruits",[39,60851,80],{"class":53},[39,60853,60854],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,60855,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,60857,60858,60860,60862,60864],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,60859,113],{"class":112},[39,60861,101],{"class":53},[39,60863,35904],{"class":97},[39,60865,80],{"class":53},[39,60867,60868],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,60869,60870],{"class":124},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[20,60872,11295],{},[147,60874,60875,60880,60885],{},[150,60876,60877,60879],{},[15,60878,35904],{}," starts with two items",[150,60881,60882,60884],{},[15,60883,60849],{}," has two more items",[150,60886,60887,60889,60890,60892,60893],{},[15,60888,53048],{}," adds each item from ",[15,60891,60849],{}," to ",[15,60894,35904],{},[20,60896,60897,60898,60900],{},"After the method runs, ",[15,60899,35904],{}," contains all four items.",[20,60902,54168,60903,796,60905,94],{},[173,60904,52374],{"href":50585},[173,60906,56756],{"href":56755},[134,60908,60910,10198,60912],{"id":60909},"extend-vs-append",[15,60911,53048],{},[15,60913,52255],{},[20,60915,60916,796,60918,60920],{},[15,60917,53048],{},[15,60919,52255],{}," are often confused.",[223,60922,60924,60926],{"id":60923},"extend-adds-each-item-from-the-iterable",[15,60925,53048],{}," adds each item from the iterable",[30,60928,60930],{"className":32,"code":60929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,60931,60932,60948,60966,60970,60980],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60933,60934,60936,60938,60940,60942,60944,60946],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60935,46],{"class":45},[39,60937,50],{"class":49},[39,60939,3249],{"class":53},[39,60941,58],{"class":57},[39,60943,61],{"class":53},[39,60945,64],{"class":57},[39,60947,3262],{"class":53},[39,60949,60950,60952,60954,60956,60958,60960,60962,60964],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,60951,992],{"class":45},[39,60953,94],{"class":53},[39,60955,53078],{"class":97},[39,60957,2608],{"class":53},[39,60959,479],{"class":57},[39,60961,61],{"class":53},[39,60963,2080],{"class":57},[39,60965,3513],{"class":53},[39,60967,60968],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,60969,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,60971,60972,60974,60976,60978],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,60973,113],{"class":112},[39,60975,101],{"class":53},[39,60977,992],{"class":97},[39,60979,80],{"class":53},[39,60981,60982],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,60983,52326],{"class":124},[223,60985,60987,60989],{"id":60986},"append-adds-the-whole-object-as-one-item",[15,60988,52255],{}," adds the whole object as one item",[30,60991,60993],{"className":32,"code":60992,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.append([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[15,60994,60995,61011,61029,61033,61043],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,60996,60997,60999,61001,61003,61005,61007,61009],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,60998,46],{"class":45},[39,61000,50],{"class":49},[39,61002,3249],{"class":53},[39,61004,58],{"class":57},[39,61006,61],{"class":53},[39,61008,64],{"class":57},[39,61010,3262],{"class":53},[39,61012,61013,61015,61017,61019,61021,61023,61025,61027],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61014,992],{"class":45},[39,61016,94],{"class":53},[39,61018,13163],{"class":97},[39,61020,2608],{"class":53},[39,61022,479],{"class":57},[39,61024,61],{"class":53},[39,61026,2080],{"class":57},[39,61028,3513],{"class":53},[39,61030,61031],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61032,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61034,61035,61037,61039,61041],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61036,113],{"class":112},[39,61038,101],{"class":53},[39,61040,992],{"class":97},[39,61042,80],{"class":53},[39,61044,61045],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61046,61047],{"class":124},"# [1, 2, [3, 4]]\n",[20,61049,18307],{},[147,61051,61052,61057],{},[150,61053,61054,61056],{},[15,61055,53048],{}," to combine values",[150,61058,61059,61061],{},[15,61060,52255],{}," to add one item",[20,61063,41702,61064,796,61068,94],{},[173,61065,55121,61066,1533],{"href":56370},[15,61067,52255],{},[173,61069,52651],{"href":52650},[134,61071,948,61073,61075],{"id":61072},"using-extend-with-different-iterables",[15,61074,53048],{}," with different iterables",[20,61077,61078,61080],{},[15,61079,53048],{}," works with more than just lists.",[223,61082,61084],{"id":61083},"extend-with-a-tuple","Extend with a tuple",[30,61086,61088],{"className":32,"code":61087,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2]\nvalues.extend((3, 4))\n\nprint(values)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,61089,61090,61106,61124,61128,61138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61091,61092,61094,61096,61098,61100,61102,61104],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61093,812],{"class":45},[39,61095,50],{"class":49},[39,61097,3249],{"class":53},[39,61099,58],{"class":57},[39,61101,61],{"class":53},[39,61103,64],{"class":57},[39,61105,3262],{"class":53},[39,61107,61108,61110,61112,61114,61116,61118,61120,61122],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61109,856],{"class":45},[39,61111,94],{"class":53},[39,61113,53078],{"class":97},[39,61115,5126],{"class":53},[39,61117,479],{"class":57},[39,61119,61],{"class":53},[39,61121,2080],{"class":57},[39,61123,1026],{"class":53},[39,61125,61126],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61127,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61129,61130,61132,61134,61136],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61131,113],{"class":112},[39,61133,101],{"class":53},[39,61135,856],{"class":97},[39,61137,80],{"class":53},[39,61139,61140],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61141,52326],{"class":124},[20,61143,61144],{},"Each tuple item is added to the list.",[223,61146,61148],{"id":61147},"extend-with-a-string","Extend with a string",[30,61150,61152],{"className":32,"code":61151,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\"]\nletters.extend(\"bc\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,61153,61154,61170,61189,61193,61203],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61155,61156,61158,61160,61162,61164,61166,61168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61157,1053],{"class":45},[39,61159,50],{"class":49},[39,61161,3249],{"class":53},[39,61163,244],{"class":243},[39,61165,173],{"class":247},[39,61167,244],{"class":243},[39,61169,3262],{"class":53},[39,61171,61172,61174,61176,61178,61180,61182,61185,61187],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61173,35757],{"class":45},[39,61175,94],{"class":53},[39,61177,53078],{"class":97},[39,61179,101],{"class":53},[39,61181,244],{"class":243},[39,61183,61184],{"class":247},"bc",[39,61186,244],{"class":243},[39,61188,80],{"class":53},[39,61190,61191],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61192,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61194,61195,61197,61199,61201],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61196,113],{"class":112},[39,61198,101],{"class":53},[39,61200,35757],{"class":97},[39,61202,80],{"class":53},[39,61204,61205],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61206,61207],{"class":124},"# ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[20,61209,61210],{},"A string is iterable, so each character is added separately.",[223,61212,61214],{"id":61213},"extend-with-a-range","Extend with a range",[30,61216,61218],{"className":32,"code":61217,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [0]\nnumbers.extend(range(1, 4))\n\nprint(numbers)\n# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,61219,61220,61232,61254,61258,61268],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61221,61222,61224,61226,61228,61230],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61223,46],{"class":45},[39,61225,50],{"class":49},[39,61227,3249],{"class":53},[39,61229,221],{"class":57},[39,61231,3262],{"class":53},[39,61233,61234,61236,61238,61240,61242,61244,61246,61248,61250,61252],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61235,992],{"class":45},[39,61237,94],{"class":53},[39,61239,53078],{"class":97},[39,61241,101],{"class":53},[39,61243,59589],{"class":112},[39,61245,101],{"class":53},[39,61247,58],{"class":57},[39,61249,61],{"class":53},[39,61251,2080],{"class":57},[39,61253,1026],{"class":53},[39,61255,61256],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61257,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61259,61260,61262,61264,61266],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61261,113],{"class":112},[39,61263,101],{"class":53},[39,61265,992],{"class":97},[39,61267,80],{"class":53},[39,61269,61270],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61271,61272],{"class":124},"# [0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[20,61274,61275,61278,61279,1814,61281,16685,61283,94],{},[15,61276,61277],{},"range(1, 4)"," produces ",[15,61280,58],{},[15,61282,104],{},[15,61284,479],{},[223,61286,61288],{"id":61287},"extend-with-a-set","Extend with a set",[30,61290,61292],{"className":32,"code":61291,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2]\nitems.extend({3, 4})\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,61293,61294,61310,61328,61332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61295,61296,61298,61300,61302,61304,61306,61308],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61297,7397],{"class":45},[39,61299,50],{"class":49},[39,61301,3249],{"class":53},[39,61303,58],{"class":57},[39,61305,61],{"class":53},[39,61307,64],{"class":57},[39,61309,3262],{"class":53},[39,61311,61312,61314,61316,61318,61320,61322,61324,61326],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61313,7426],{"class":45},[39,61315,94],{"class":53},[39,61317,53078],{"class":97},[39,61319,5145],{"class":53},[39,61321,479],{"class":57},[39,61323,61],{"class":53},[39,61325,2080],{"class":57},[39,61327,30109],{"class":53},[39,61329,61330],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61331,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61333,61334,61336,61338,61340],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61335,113],{"class":112},[39,61337,101],{"class":53},[39,61339,7426],{"class":97},[39,61341,80],{"class":53},[20,61343,61344],{},"A set works too, but the order may not be predictable.",[134,61346,61348],{"id":61347},"important-return-value-rule","Important return value rule",[20,61350,61351,476,61353,94],{},[15,61352,53048],{},[15,61354,3403],{},[20,61356,61357,61358,145],{},"That means this is ",[3367,61359,61360],{},"wrong",[30,61362,61364],{"className":32,"code":61363,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nresult = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,61365,61366,61382,61404,61408,61418],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61367,61368,61370,61372,61374,61376,61378,61380],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61369,46],{"class":45},[39,61371,50],{"class":49},[39,61373,3249],{"class":53},[39,61375,58],{"class":57},[39,61377,61],{"class":53},[39,61379,64],{"class":57},[39,61381,3262],{"class":53},[39,61383,61384,61386,61388,61390,61392,61394,61396,61398,61400,61402],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61385,86],{"class":45},[39,61387,50],{"class":49},[39,61389,91],{"class":45},[39,61391,94],{"class":53},[39,61393,53078],{"class":97},[39,61395,2608],{"class":53},[39,61397,479],{"class":57},[39,61399,61],{"class":53},[39,61401,2080],{"class":57},[39,61403,3513],{"class":53},[39,61405,61406],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61407,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61409,61410,61412,61414,61416],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61411,113],{"class":112},[39,61413,101],{"class":53},[39,61415,118],{"class":97},[39,61417,80],{"class":53},[39,61419,61420],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61421,61422],{"class":124},"# None\n",[20,61424,61425],{},"And this is also a common mistake:",[30,61427,61429],{"className":32,"code":61428,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61430,61431,61447,61469,61473,61483],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61432,61433,61435,61437,61439,61441,61443,61445],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61434,46],{"class":45},[39,61436,50],{"class":49},[39,61438,3249],{"class":53},[39,61440,58],{"class":57},[39,61442,61],{"class":53},[39,61444,64],{"class":57},[39,61446,3262],{"class":53},[39,61448,61449,61451,61453,61455,61457,61459,61461,61463,61465,61467],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61450,46],{"class":45},[39,61452,50],{"class":49},[39,61454,91],{"class":45},[39,61456,94],{"class":53},[39,61458,53078],{"class":97},[39,61460,2608],{"class":53},[39,61462,479],{"class":57},[39,61464,61],{"class":53},[39,61466,2080],{"class":57},[39,61468,3513],{"class":53},[39,61470,61471],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61472,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61474,61475,61477,61479,61481],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61476,113],{"class":112},[39,61478,101],{"class":53},[39,61480,992],{"class":97},[39,61482,80],{"class":53},[39,61484,61485],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61486,61422],{"class":124},[20,61488,61489],{},"The correct way is:",[30,61491,61492],{"className":32,"code":60929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,61493,61494,61510,61528,61532,61542],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61495,61496,61498,61500,61502,61504,61506,61508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61497,46],{"class":45},[39,61499,50],{"class":49},[39,61501,3249],{"class":53},[39,61503,58],{"class":57},[39,61505,61],{"class":53},[39,61507,64],{"class":57},[39,61509,3262],{"class":53},[39,61511,61512,61514,61516,61518,61520,61522,61524,61526],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61513,992],{"class":45},[39,61515,94],{"class":53},[39,61517,53078],{"class":97},[39,61519,2608],{"class":53},[39,61521,479],{"class":57},[39,61523,61],{"class":53},[39,61525,2080],{"class":57},[39,61527,3513],{"class":53},[39,61529,61530],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61531,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61533,61534,61536,61538,61540],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61535,113],{"class":112},[39,61537,101],{"class":53},[39,61539,992],{"class":97},[39,61541,80],{"class":53},[39,61543,61544],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61545,52326],{"class":124},[20,61547,55510,61548,61550],{},[15,61549,53048],{}," first, then use the original list.",[134,61552,4141],{"id":4140},[20,61554,14344,61555,94],{},[15,61556,53048],{},[223,61558,61560,61561,61563],{"id":61559},"_1-expecting-extend-to-return-a-new-list","1. Expecting ",[15,61562,53048],{}," to return a new list",[30,61565,61567],{"className":32,"code":61566,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnew_numbers = numbers.extend([3, 4])\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n# None\n",[15,61568,61569,61585,61607,61611,61621],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61570,61571,61573,61575,61577,61579,61581,61583],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61572,46],{"class":45},[39,61574,50],{"class":49},[39,61576,3249],{"class":53},[39,61578,58],{"class":57},[39,61580,61],{"class":53},[39,61582,64],{"class":57},[39,61584,3262],{"class":53},[39,61586,61587,61589,61591,61593,61595,61597,61599,61601,61603,61605],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61588,55243],{"class":45},[39,61590,50],{"class":49},[39,61592,91],{"class":45},[39,61594,94],{"class":53},[39,61596,53078],{"class":97},[39,61598,2608],{"class":53},[39,61600,479],{"class":57},[39,61602,61],{"class":53},[39,61604,2080],{"class":57},[39,61606,3513],{"class":53},[39,61608,61609],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61610,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61612,61613,61615,61617,61619],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61614,113],{"class":112},[39,61616,101],{"class":53},[39,61618,55262],{"class":97},[39,61620,80],{"class":53},[39,61622,61623],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61624,61422],{"class":124},[20,61626,61627,61628,94],{},"Fix: use the original list after calling ",[15,61629,53048],{},[223,61631,61633,61634,44236,61636,61638],{"id":61632},"_2-using-append-when-extend-is-needed","2. Using ",[15,61635,52255],{},[15,61637,53048],{}," is needed",[30,61640,61641],{"className":32,"code":60992,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,61642,61643,61659,61677,61681,61691],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61644,61645,61647,61649,61651,61653,61655,61657],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61646,46],{"class":45},[39,61648,50],{"class":49},[39,61650,3249],{"class":53},[39,61652,58],{"class":57},[39,61654,61],{"class":53},[39,61656,64],{"class":57},[39,61658,3262],{"class":53},[39,61660,61661,61663,61665,61667,61669,61671,61673,61675],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61662,992],{"class":45},[39,61664,94],{"class":53},[39,61666,13163],{"class":97},[39,61668,2608],{"class":53},[39,61670,479],{"class":57},[39,61672,61],{"class":53},[39,61674,2080],{"class":57},[39,61676,3513],{"class":53},[39,61678,61679],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61680,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61682,61683,61685,61687,61689],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61684,113],{"class":112},[39,61686,101],{"class":53},[39,61688,992],{"class":97},[39,61690,80],{"class":53},[39,61692,61693],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61694,61047],{"class":124},[20,61696,61697,61698,53493,61700,6247],{},"If you wanted ",[15,61699,53492],{},[15,61701,53048],{},[223,61703,61705],{"id":61704},"_3-passing-a-string-and-being-surprised-by-separate-characters","3. Passing a string and being surprised by separate characters",[30,61707,61709],{"className":32,"code":61708,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.extend(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[15,61710,61711,61727,61745,61749,61759],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61712,61713,61715,61717,61719,61721,61723,61725],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61714,1191],{"class":45},[39,61716,50],{"class":49},[39,61718,3249],{"class":53},[39,61720,244],{"class":243},[39,61722,3470],{"class":247},[39,61724,244],{"class":243},[39,61726,3262],{"class":53},[39,61728,61729,61731,61733,61735,61737,61739,61741,61743],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61730,1229],{"class":45},[39,61732,94],{"class":53},[39,61734,53078],{"class":97},[39,61736,101],{"class":53},[39,61738,244],{"class":243},[39,61740,60182],{"class":247},[39,61742,244],{"class":243},[39,61744,80],{"class":53},[39,61746,61747],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61748,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61750,61751,61753,61755,61757],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61752,113],{"class":112},[39,61754,101],{"class":53},[39,61756,1229],{"class":97},[39,61758,80],{"class":53},[39,61760,61761],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61762,61763],{"class":124},"# ['hello', 'w', 'o', 'r', 'l', 'd']\n",[20,61765,61766,61767,61770,61771,145],{},"If you want ",[15,61768,61769],{},"\"world\""," as one item, use ",[15,61772,52255],{},[30,61774,61776],{"className":32,"code":61775,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\"]\nwords.append(\"world\")\n\nprint(words)\n# ['hello', 'world']\n",[15,61777,61778,61794,61812,61816,61826],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61779,61780,61782,61784,61786,61788,61790,61792],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61781,1191],{"class":45},[39,61783,50],{"class":49},[39,61785,3249],{"class":53},[39,61787,244],{"class":243},[39,61789,3470],{"class":247},[39,61791,244],{"class":243},[39,61793,3262],{"class":53},[39,61795,61796,61798,61800,61802,61804,61806,61808,61810],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61797,1229],{"class":45},[39,61799,94],{"class":53},[39,61801,13163],{"class":97},[39,61803,101],{"class":53},[39,61805,244],{"class":243},[39,61807,60182],{"class":247},[39,61809,244],{"class":243},[39,61811,80],{"class":53},[39,61813,61814],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61815,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,61817,61818,61820,61822,61824],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61819,113],{"class":112},[39,61821,101],{"class":53},[39,61823,1229],{"class":97},[39,61825,80],{"class":53},[39,61827,61828],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,61829,61830],{"class":124},"# ['hello', 'world']\n",[223,61832,61834],{"id":61833},"_4-trying-to-extend-with-a-non-iterable-like-an-integer","4. Trying to extend with a non-iterable like an integer",[30,61836,61838],{"className":32,"code":61837,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2]\nnumbers.extend(5)\n",[15,61839,61840,61856],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61841,61842,61844,61846,61848,61850,61852,61854],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61843,46],{"class":45},[39,61845,50],{"class":49},[39,61847,3249],{"class":53},[39,61849,58],{"class":57},[39,61851,61],{"class":53},[39,61853,64],{"class":57},[39,61855,3262],{"class":53},[39,61857,61858,61860,61862,61864,61866,61868],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61859,992],{"class":45},[39,61861,94],{"class":53},[39,61863,53078],{"class":97},[39,61865,101],{"class":53},[39,61867,1376],{"class":57},[39,61869,80],{"class":53},[20,61871,39264,61872,6167],{},[15,61873,1376],{},[20,61875,61876,61877,61879,61880,61883],{},"You will get a ",[15,61878,2627],{},". See ",[173,61881,61882],{"href":52202},"TypeError: int object is not iterable"," for help fixing that error.",[20,61885,61886],{},"Useful checks while debugging:",[30,61888,61890],{"className":32,"code":61889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result))\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61891,61892,61902,61916,61928],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61893,61894,61896,61898,61900],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61895,113],{"class":112},[39,61897,101],{"class":53},[39,61899,7955],{"class":97},[39,61901,80],{"class":53},[39,61903,61904,61906,61908,61910,61912,61914],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61905,113],{"class":112},[39,61907,101],{"class":53},[39,61909,2845],{"class":2523},[39,61911,101],{"class":53},[39,61913,856],{"class":97},[39,61915,1026],{"class":53},[39,61917,61918,61920,61922,61924,61926],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61919,113],{"class":112},[39,61921,101],{"class":53},[39,61923,118],{"class":97},[39,61925,121],{"class":53},[39,61927,80],{"class":45},[39,61929,61930,61932,61934,61936,61938,61940],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,61931,31766],{"class":112},[39,61933,101],{"class":53},[39,61935,7710],{"class":2523},[39,61937,94],{"class":53},[39,61939,53078],{"class":997},[39,61941,80],{"class":53},[43188,61943,61944],{},[20,61945,61946,61947,61950,61951,61953,61954,94],{},"Note: ",[15,61948,61949],{},"print(result))"," has an extra ",[15,61952,121],{}," and would cause a syntax error. The correct version is ",[15,61955,32641],{},[20,61957,61958],{},"Correct debugging example:",[30,61960,61962],{"className":32,"code":61961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2]\nvalues = [3, 4]\n\nmy_list.extend(values)\n\nresult = None\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(values))\nprint(result)\nhelp(list.extend)\n",[15,61963,61964,61980,61996,62000,62014,62018,62026,62036,62050,62060],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,61965,61966,61968,61970,61972,61974,61976,61978],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,61967,7924],{"class":45},[39,61969,50],{"class":49},[39,61971,3249],{"class":53},[39,61973,58],{"class":57},[39,61975,61],{"class":53},[39,61977,64],{"class":57},[39,61979,3262],{"class":53},[39,61981,61982,61984,61986,61988,61990,61992,61994],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,61983,812],{"class":45},[39,61985,50],{"class":49},[39,61987,3249],{"class":53},[39,61989,479],{"class":57},[39,61991,61],{"class":53},[39,61993,2080],{"class":57},[39,61995,3262],{"class":53},[39,61997,61998],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,61999,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,62001,62002,62004,62006,62008,62010,62012],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,62003,7955],{"class":45},[39,62005,94],{"class":53},[39,62007,53078],{"class":97},[39,62009,101],{"class":53},[39,62011,856],{"class":97},[39,62013,80],{"class":53},[39,62015,62016],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,62017,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,62019,62020,62022,62024],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,62021,86],{"class":45},[39,62023,50],{"class":49},[39,62025,48133],{"class":3477},[39,62027,62028,62030,62032,62034],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,62029,113],{"class":112},[39,62031,101],{"class":53},[39,62033,7955],{"class":97},[39,62035,80],{"class":53},[39,62037,62038,62040,62042,62044,62046,62048],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,62039,113],{"class":112},[39,62041,101],{"class":53},[39,62043,2845],{"class":2523},[39,62045,101],{"class":53},[39,62047,856],{"class":97},[39,62049,1026],{"class":53},[39,62051,62052,62054,62056,62058],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,62053,113],{"class":112},[39,62055,101],{"class":53},[39,62057,118],{"class":97},[39,62059,80],{"class":53},[39,62061,62062,62064,62066,62068,62070,62072],{"class":41,"line":6052},[39,62063,31766],{"class":112},[39,62065,101],{"class":53},[39,62067,7710],{"class":2523},[39,62069,94],{"class":53},[39,62071,53078],{"class":997},[39,62073,80],{"class":53},[134,62075,4584,62077],{"id":62076},"when-to-use-extend",[15,62078,53048],{},[20,62080,128,62081,5933],{},[15,62082,53048],{},[147,62084,62085,62088,62091],{},[150,62086,62087],{},"Merge two lists into one existing list",[150,62089,62090],{},"Add multiple values at once",[150,62092,62093],{},"Build a list step by step without creating a new list",[20,62095,5088],{},[30,62097,62099],{"className":32,"code":62098,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"all_scores = [90, 85]\nnew_scores = [88, 92]\n\nall_scores.extend(new_scores)\n\nprint(all_scores)\n# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[15,62100,62101,62118,62136,62140,62156,62160,62170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62102,62103,62106,62108,62110,62112,62114,62116],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62104,62105],{"class":45},"all_scores ",[39,62107,50],{"class":49},[39,62109,3249],{"class":53},[39,62111,13112],{"class":57},[39,62113,61],{"class":53},[39,62115,13117],{"class":57},[39,62117,3262],{"class":53},[39,62119,62120,62123,62125,62127,62129,62131,62134],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62121,62122],{"class":45},"new_scores ",[39,62124,50],{"class":49},[39,62126,3249],{"class":53},[39,62128,51107],{"class":57},[39,62130,61],{"class":53},[39,62132,62133],{"class":57}," 92",[39,62135,3262],{"class":53},[39,62137,62138],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,62139,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,62141,62142,62145,62147,62149,62151,62154],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,62143,62144],{"class":45},"all_scores",[39,62146,94],{"class":53},[39,62148,53078],{"class":97},[39,62150,101],{"class":53},[39,62152,62153],{"class":97},"new_scores",[39,62155,80],{"class":53},[39,62157,62158],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,62159,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,62161,62162,62164,62166,62168],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,62163,113],{"class":112},[39,62165,101],{"class":53},[39,62167,62144],{"class":97},[39,62169,80],{"class":53},[39,62171,62172],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,62173,62174],{"class":124},"# [90, 85, 88, 92]\n",[20,62176,62177,62178,62180,62181,94],{},"If you need to add just one value, ",[15,62179,52255],{}," is usually better. If you need to add an item at a specific position, see ",[173,62182,55121,62183,1533],{"href":53510},[15,62184,53869],{},[134,62186,1454],{"id":1453},[223,62188,1468,62190,55070],{"id":62189},"does-listextend-return-a-new-list",[15,62191,52949],{},[20,62193,62194,62195,94],{},"No. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,62196,3403],{},[223,62198,1497,62200,796,62202,929],{"id":62199},"what-is-the-difference-between-extend-and-append",[15,62201,53048],{},[15,62203,52255],{},[20,62205,62206,62208,62209,62211],{},[15,62207,53048],{}," adds each item from an iterable. ",[15,62210,52255],{}," adds one item as a single element.",[223,62213,27940,62215,62217],{"id":62214},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-string",[15,62216,53048],{}," with a string?",[20,62219,62220],{},"Yes, but each character is added separately.",[223,62222,27940,62224,62226],{"id":62223},"can-i-use-extend-with-a-tuple",[15,62225,53048],{}," with a tuple?",[20,62228,62229],{},"Yes. Each tuple item is added to the list.",[223,62231,62233,62234,929],{"id":62232},"what-happens-if-i-pass-an-integer-to-extend","What happens if I pass an integer to ",[15,62235,53048],{},[20,62237,62238,62239,62241],{},"You get a ",[15,62240,2627],{}," because an integer is not iterable.",[134,62243,1514],{"id":1513},[147,62245,62246,62252,62256,62260,62264,62270,62274],{},[150,62247,62248],{},[173,62249,55121,62250,1533],{"href":56370},[15,62251,52255],{},[150,62253,62254],{},[173,62255,53879],{"href":52650},[150,62257,62258],{},[173,62259,56830],{"href":56755},[150,62261,62262],{},[173,62263,52374],{"href":50585},[150,62265,62266],{},[173,62267,55121,62268,1533],{"href":53510},[15,62269,53869],{},[150,62271,62272],{},[173,62273,61882],{"href":52202},[150,62275,62276],{},[173,62277,55121,62278,1533],{"href":54561},[15,62279,12388],{},[20,62281,62282,62283,62285,62286,62288],{},"If you are choosing between list methods, the next useful step is learning when to use ",[15,62284,52255],{},", when to use ",[15,62287,53869],{},", and when it makes more sense to create a new merged list instead of changing the original one.",[1550,62290,62291],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":62293},[62294,62295,62297,62298,62299,62306,62313,62314,62322,62324,62336],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":60691,"depth":83,"text":62296},"What list.extend() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":60772,"depth":83,"text":60773},{"id":60909,"depth":83,"text":62300,"children":62301},"extend() vs append()",[62302,62304],{"id":60923,"depth":109,"text":62303},"extend() adds each item from the iterable",{"id":60986,"depth":109,"text":62305},"append() adds the whole object as one item",{"id":61072,"depth":83,"text":62307,"children":62308},"Using extend() with different iterables",[62309,62310,62311,62312],{"id":61083,"depth":109,"text":61084},{"id":61147,"depth":109,"text":61148},{"id":61213,"depth":109,"text":61214},{"id":61287,"depth":109,"text":61288},{"id":61347,"depth":83,"text":61348},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":62315},[62316,62318,62320,62321],{"id":61559,"depth":109,"text":62317},"1. Expecting extend() to return a new list",{"id":61632,"depth":109,"text":62319},"2. Using append() when extend() is needed",{"id":61704,"depth":109,"text":61705},{"id":61833,"depth":109,"text":61834},{"id":62076,"depth":83,"text":62323},"When to use extend()",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":62325},[62326,62328,62330,62332,62334],{"id":62189,"depth":109,"text":62327},"Does list.extend() return a new list?",{"id":62199,"depth":109,"text":62329},"What is the difference between extend() and append()?",{"id":62214,"depth":109,"text":62331},"Can I use extend() with a string?",{"id":62223,"depth":109,"text":62333},"Can I use extend() with a tuple?",{"id":62232,"depth":109,"text":62335},"What happens if I pass an integer to extend()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list extend method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method",{"title":60595,"description":62337},"reference\u002Fpython-list-extend-method","90pZbU2UqZE69xhKpX2Np0iIiKNAPWOtF52krfvnbak",{"id":62344,"title":62345,"body":62346,"description":64437,"extension":1587,"meta":64438,"navigation":420,"path":64439,"seo":64440,"stem":64441,"__hash__":64442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained.md","Python list() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":62347,"toc":64400},[62348,62351,62356,62362,62373,62379,62381,62450,62452,62501,62509,62513,62518,62521,62532,62537,62539,62541,62562,62575,62578,62591,62593,62598,62623,62625,62633,62636,62705,62707,62731,62737,62741,62745,62781,62783,62803,62810,62814,62847,62849,62883,62888,62892,62925,62927,62955,62963,62967,63004,63006,63027,63030,63034,63103,63105,63129,63135,63142,63146,63149,63151,63165,63168,63192,63194,63219,63222,63241,63243,63269,63278,63282,63289,63366,63368,63409,63415,63421,63512,63514,63570,63573,63578,63582,63587,63591,63650,63652,63677,63681,63744,63746,63771,63775,63838,63840,63883,63886,63890,63894,63916,63920,64002,64004,64039,64047,64049,64053,64057,64059,64086,64091,64093,64120,64127,64130,64153,64155,64204,64207,64210,64229,64233,64236,64287,64290,64296,64300,64305,64308,64310,64316,64325,64329,64335,64339,64342,64346,64349,64353,64359,64361,64397],[10,62349,62345],{"id":62350},"python-list-function-explained",[20,62352,8735,62353,62355],{},[15,62354,24392],{}," function creates a new list.",[20,62357,62358,62359,62361],{},"Beginners usually use ",[15,62360,24392],{}," for two main reasons:",[147,62363,62364,62367],{},[150,62365,62366],{},"to make an empty list",[150,62368,62369,62370,62372],{},"to convert another iterable, such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62371,59589],{},", set, or dictionary, into a list",[20,62374,62375,62376,62378],{},"This page explains how ",[15,62377,24392],{}," works, what it returns, and when you should use it.",[134,62380,1629],{"id":1628},[30,62382,62384],{"className":32,"code":62383,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list((1, 2, 3))\nletters = list(\"abc\")\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62385,62386,62408,62426,62430,62440],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62387,62388,62390,62392,62394,62396,62398,62400,62402,62404,62406],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62389,46],{"class":45},[39,62391,50],{"class":49},[39,62393,22171],{"class":2523},[39,62395,5126],{"class":53},[39,62397,58],{"class":57},[39,62399,61],{"class":53},[39,62401,64],{"class":57},[39,62403,61],{"class":53},[39,62405,73],{"class":57},[39,62407,1026],{"class":53},[39,62409,62410,62412,62414,62416,62418,62420,62422,62424],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62411,1053],{"class":45},[39,62413,50],{"class":49},[39,62415,22171],{"class":2523},[39,62417,101],{"class":53},[39,62419,244],{"class":243},[39,62421,41169],{"class":247},[39,62423,244],{"class":243},[39,62425,80],{"class":53},[39,62427,62428],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,62429,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,62431,62432,62434,62436,62438],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,62433,113],{"class":112},[39,62435,101],{"class":53},[39,62437,992],{"class":97},[39,62439,80],{"class":53},[39,62441,62442,62444,62446,62448],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,62443,113],{"class":112},[39,62445,101],{"class":53},[39,62447,35757],{"class":97},[39,62449,80],{"class":53},[20,62451,458],{},[30,62453,62455],{"className":32,"code":62454,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n['a', 'b', 'c']\n",[15,62456,62457,62473],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62458,62459,62461,62463,62465,62467,62469,62471],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62460,3525],{"class":53},[39,62462,58],{"class":57},[39,62464,61],{"class":53},[39,62466,64],{"class":57},[39,62468,61],{"class":53},[39,62470,73],{"class":57},[39,62472,3262],{"class":53},[39,62474,62475,62477,62479,62481,62483,62485,62487,62489,62491,62493,62495,62497,62499],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62476,3525],{"class":53},[39,62478,629],{"class":243},[39,62480,173],{"class":247},[39,62482,629],{"class":243},[39,62484,61],{"class":53},[39,62486,2920],{"class":243},[39,62488,1070],{"class":247},[39,62490,629],{"class":243},[39,62492,61],{"class":53},[39,62494,2920],{"class":243},[39,62496,9352],{"class":247},[39,62498,629],{"class":243},[39,62500,3262],{"class":53},[20,62502,128,62503,62505,62506,62508],{},[15,62504,24392],{}," to create a list from another iterable such as a tuple, string, ",[15,62507,59589],{},", set, or dictionary.",[134,62510,62512],{"id":62511},"what-list-does","What list() does",[20,62514,62515,62517],{},[15,62516,24392],{}," is a built-in Python function.",[20,62519,62520],{},"It can:",[147,62522,62523,62526,62529],{},[150,62524,62525],{},"create a new list object",[150,62527,62528],{},"make an empty list",[150,62530,62531],{},"convert an iterable into a list",[20,62533,62534,62535,94],{},"A list is a changeable sequence of items. If you are new to lists, see ",[173,62536,52374],{"href":50585},[134,62538,1781],{"id":1780},[20,62540,26099],{},[30,62542,62544],{"className":32,"code":62543,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list()\nlist(iterable)\n",[15,62545,62546,62552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62547,62548,62550],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62549,7710],{"class":2523},[39,62551,8257],{"class":53},[39,62553,62554,62556,62558,62560],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62555,7710],{"class":2523},[39,62557,101],{"class":53},[39,62559,3344],{"class":97},[39,62561,80],{"class":53},[147,62563,62564,62569],{},[150,62565,62566,62568],{},[15,62567,24392],{}," makes an empty list",[150,62570,62571,62574],{},[15,62572,62573],{},"list(iterable)"," converts an iterable to a list",[20,62576,62577],{},"Common iterable values include:",[147,62579,62580,62582,62584,62586,62589],{},[150,62581,4926],{},[150,62583,4920],{},[150,62585,4923],{},[150,62587,62588],{},"ranges",[150,62590,6867],{},[134,62592,59211],{"id":59210},[20,62594,128,62595,62597],{},[15,62596,24392],{}," with no arguments:",[30,62599,62601],{"className":32,"code":62600,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = list()\nprint(items)\n",[15,62602,62603,62613],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62604,62605,62607,62609,62611],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62606,7397],{"class":45},[39,62608,50],{"class":49},[39,62610,22171],{"class":2523},[39,62612,8257],{"class":53},[39,62614,62615,62617,62619,62621],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62616,113],{"class":112},[39,62618,101],{"class":53},[39,62620,7426],{"class":97},[39,62622,80],{"class":53},[20,62624,458],{},[30,62626,62627],{"className":32,"code":37908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62628,62629],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62630,62631],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62632,37908],{"class":53},[20,62634,62635],{},"This is useful when you want to build a list step by step:",[30,62637,62639],{"className":32,"code":62638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = list()\n\nitems.append(\"apple\")\nitems.append(\"banana\")\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,62640,62641,62651,62655,62673,62691,62695],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62642,62643,62645,62647,62649],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62644,7397],{"class":45},[39,62646,50],{"class":49},[39,62648,22171],{"class":2523},[39,62650,8257],{"class":53},[39,62652,62653],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62654,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,62656,62657,62659,62661,62663,62665,62667,62669,62671],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,62658,7426],{"class":45},[39,62660,94],{"class":53},[39,62662,13163],{"class":97},[39,62664,101],{"class":53},[39,62666,244],{"class":243},[39,62668,377],{"class":247},[39,62670,244],{"class":243},[39,62672,80],{"class":53},[39,62674,62675,62677,62679,62681,62683,62685,62687,62689],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,62676,7426],{"class":45},[39,62678,94],{"class":53},[39,62680,13163],{"class":97},[39,62682,101],{"class":53},[39,62684,244],{"class":243},[39,62686,386],{"class":247},[39,62688,244],{"class":243},[39,62690,80],{"class":53},[39,62692,62693],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,62694,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,62696,62697,62699,62701,62703],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,62698,113],{"class":112},[39,62700,101],{"class":53},[39,62702,7426],{"class":97},[39,62704,80],{"class":53},[20,62706,458],{},[30,62708,62709],{"className":32,"code":38033,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62710,62711],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62712,62713,62715,62717,62719,62721,62723,62725,62727,62729],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62714,3525],{"class":53},[39,62716,629],{"class":243},[39,62718,377],{"class":247},[39,62720,629],{"class":243},[39,62722,61],{"class":53},[39,62724,2920],{"class":243},[39,62726,386],{"class":247},[39,62728,629],{"class":243},[39,62730,3262],{"class":53},[20,62732,62733,62734,62736],{},"You can also create an empty list with ",[15,62735,3412],{},". Both are valid.",[134,62738,62740],{"id":62739},"convert-common-values-to-a-list","Convert common values to a list",[223,62742,62744],{"id":62743},"tuple-to-list","Tuple to list",[30,62746,62747],{"className":32,"code":59509,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62748,62749,62771],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62750,62751,62753,62755,62757,62759,62761,62763,62765,62767,62769],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62752,46],{"class":45},[39,62754,50],{"class":49},[39,62756,22171],{"class":2523},[39,62758,5126],{"class":53},[39,62760,58],{"class":57},[39,62762,61],{"class":53},[39,62764,64],{"class":57},[39,62766,61],{"class":53},[39,62768,73],{"class":57},[39,62770,1026],{"class":53},[39,62772,62773,62775,62777,62779],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62774,113],{"class":112},[39,62776,101],{"class":53},[39,62778,992],{"class":97},[39,62780,80],{"class":53},[20,62782,458],{},[30,62784,62785],{"className":32,"code":54751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62786,62787],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62788,62789,62791,62793,62795,62797,62799,62801],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62790,3525],{"class":53},[39,62792,58],{"class":57},[39,62794,61],{"class":53},[39,62796,64],{"class":57},[39,62798,61],{"class":53},[39,62800,73],{"class":57},[39,62802,3262],{"class":53},[20,62804,62805,62806,94],{},"If you also want to compare this with tuples, see ",[173,62807,62809],{"href":62808},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained\u002F","Python tuple() function explained",[223,62811,62813],{"id":62812},"string-to-list","String to list",[30,62815,62817],{"className":32,"code":62816,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = list(\"cat\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,62818,62819,62837],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62820,62821,62823,62825,62827,62829,62831,62833,62835],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62822,1053],{"class":45},[39,62824,50],{"class":49},[39,62826,22171],{"class":2523},[39,62828,101],{"class":53},[39,62830,244],{"class":243},[39,62832,839],{"class":247},[39,62834,244],{"class":243},[39,62836,80],{"class":53},[39,62838,62839,62841,62843,62845],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62840,113],{"class":112},[39,62842,101],{"class":53},[39,62844,35757],{"class":97},[39,62846,80],{"class":53},[20,62848,458],{},[30,62850,62852],{"className":32,"code":62851,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['c', 'a', 't']\n",[15,62853,62854],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62855,62856,62858,62860,62862,62864,62866,62868,62870,62872,62874,62876,62879,62881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62857,3525],{"class":53},[39,62859,629],{"class":243},[39,62861,9352],{"class":247},[39,62863,629],{"class":243},[39,62865,61],{"class":53},[39,62867,2920],{"class":243},[39,62869,173],{"class":247},[39,62871,629],{"class":243},[39,62873,61],{"class":53},[39,62875,2920],{"class":243},[39,62877,62878],{"class":247},"t",[39,62880,629],{"class":243},[39,62882,3262],{"class":53},[20,62884,62885,62887],{},[15,62886,24392],{}," takes each character from the string and puts it into the new list.",[223,62889,62891],{"id":62890},"range-to-list","Range to list",[30,62893,62895],{"className":32,"code":62894,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list(range(5))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,62896,62897,62915],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62898,62899,62901,62903,62905,62907,62909,62911,62913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62900,46],{"class":45},[39,62902,50],{"class":49},[39,62904,22171],{"class":2523},[39,62906,101],{"class":53},[39,62908,59589],{"class":112},[39,62910,101],{"class":53},[39,62912,1376],{"class":57},[39,62914,1026],{"class":53},[39,62916,62917,62919,62921,62923],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62918,113],{"class":112},[39,62920,101],{"class":53},[39,62922,992],{"class":97},[39,62924,80],{"class":53},[20,62926,458],{},[30,62928,62929],{"className":32,"code":59612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,62930,62931],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62932,62933,62935,62937,62939,62941,62943,62945,62947,62949,62951,62953],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62934,3525],{"class":53},[39,62936,221],{"class":57},[39,62938,61],{"class":53},[39,62940,595],{"class":57},[39,62942,61],{"class":53},[39,62944,64],{"class":57},[39,62946,61],{"class":53},[39,62948,73],{"class":57},[39,62950,61],{"class":53},[39,62952,2080],{"class":57},[39,62954,3262],{"class":53},[20,62956,62957,62958,62962],{},"This is common when working with ",[173,62959,62960],{"href":35809},[15,62961,35812],{},", especially when you want to see all the values at once.",[223,62964,62966],{"id":62965},"set-to-list","Set to list",[30,62968,62970],{"className":32,"code":62969,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = list({10, 20, 30})\nprint(values)\n",[15,62971,62972,62994],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,62973,62974,62976,62978,62980,62982,62984,62986,62988,62990,62992],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,62975,812],{"class":45},[39,62977,50],{"class":49},[39,62979,22171],{"class":2523},[39,62981,5145],{"class":53},[39,62983,682],{"class":57},[39,62985,61],{"class":53},[39,62987,687],{"class":57},[39,62989,61],{"class":53},[39,62991,697],{"class":57},[39,62993,30109],{"class":53},[39,62995,62996,62998,63000,63002],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,62997,113],{"class":112},[39,62999,101],{"class":53},[39,63001,856],{"class":97},[39,63003,80],{"class":53},[20,63005,16571],{},[30,63007,63009],{"className":32,"code":63008,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,63010,63011],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63012,63013,63015,63017,63019,63021,63023,63025],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63014,3525],{"class":53},[39,63016,682],{"class":57},[39,63018,61],{"class":53},[39,63020,687],{"class":57},[39,63022,61],{"class":53},[39,63024,697],{"class":57},[39,63026,3262],{"class":53},[20,63028,63029],{},"This works, but set order is not guaranteed in the way beginners often expect. The items may appear in a different order.",[223,63031,63033],{"id":63032},"dictionary-to-list","Dictionary to list",[30,63035,63037],{"className":32,"code":63036,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = list(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,63038,63039,63075,63089,63093],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63040,63041,63043,63045,63047,63049,63051,63053,63055,63057,63059,63061,63063,63065,63067,63069,63071,63073],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63042,12814],{"class":45},[39,63044,50],{"class":49},[39,63046,10103],{"class":53},[39,63048,244],{"class":243},[39,63050,7285],{"class":247},[39,63052,244],{"class":243},[39,63054,145],{"class":53},[39,63056,255],{"class":243},[39,63058,12492],{"class":247},[39,63060,244],{"class":243},[39,63062,61],{"class":53},[39,63064,255],{"class":243},[39,63066,8911],{"class":247},[39,63068,244],{"class":243},[39,63070,145],{"class":53},[39,63072,8918],{"class":57},[39,63074,8921],{"class":53},[39,63076,63077,63079,63081,63083,63085,63087],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63078,86],{"class":45},[39,63080,50],{"class":49},[39,63082,22171],{"class":2523},[39,63084,101],{"class":53},[39,63086,16920],{"class":97},[39,63088,80],{"class":53},[39,63090,63091],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,63092,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,63094,63095,63097,63099,63101],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,63096,113],{"class":112},[39,63098,101],{"class":53},[39,63100,118],{"class":97},[39,63102,80],{"class":53},[20,63104,458],{},[30,63106,63107],{"className":32,"code":25092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,63108,63109],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63110,63111,63113,63115,63117,63119,63121,63123,63125,63127],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63112,3525],{"class":53},[39,63114,629],{"class":243},[39,63116,7285],{"class":247},[39,63118,629],{"class":243},[39,63120,61],{"class":53},[39,63122,2920],{"class":243},[39,63124,8911],{"class":247},[39,63126,629],{"class":243},[39,63128,3262],{"class":53},[20,63130,63131,63132,63134],{},"When you pass a dictionary to ",[15,63133,24392],{},", Python returns the dictionary keys.",[20,63136,63137,63138,94],{},"If you need more help with dictionaries, see ",[173,63139,63141],{"href":63140},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-dict-function-explained\u002F","Python dict() function explained",[134,63143,63145],{"id":63144},"what-counts-as-an-iterable","What counts as an iterable",[20,63147,63148],{},"An iterable is something Python can loop through.",[20,63150,60746],{},[147,63152,63153,63155,63157,63159,63161,63163],{},[150,63154,4917],{},[150,63156,4920],{},[150,63158,4926],{},[150,63160,4923],{},[150,63162,62588],{},[150,63164,6867],{},[20,63166,63167],{},"For example, this works because a string is iterable:",[30,63169,63171],{"className":32,"code":63170,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(\"hi\"))\n",[15,63172,63173],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63174,63175,63177,63179,63181,63183,63185,63188,63190],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63176,113],{"class":112},[39,63178,101],{"class":53},[39,63180,7710],{"class":2523},[39,63182,101],{"class":53},[39,63184,244],{"class":243},[39,63186,63187],{"class":247},"hi",[39,63189,244],{"class":243},[39,63191,1026],{"class":53},[20,63193,458],{},[30,63195,63197],{"className":32,"code":63196,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['h', 'i']\n",[15,63198,63199],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63200,63201,63203,63205,63207,63209,63211,63213,63215,63217],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63202,3525],{"class":53},[39,63204,629],{"class":243},[39,63206,60029],{"class":247},[39,63208,629],{"class":243},[39,63210,61],{"class":53},[39,63212,2920],{"class":243},[39,63214,35768],{"class":247},[39,63216,629],{"class":243},[39,63218,3262],{"class":53},[20,63220,63221],{},"But this fails because an integer is not iterable:",[30,63223,63225],{"className":32,"code":63224,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(5))\n",[15,63226,63227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63228,63229,63231,63233,63235,63237,63239],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63230,113],{"class":112},[39,63232,101],{"class":53},[39,63234,7710],{"class":2523},[39,63236,101],{"class":53},[39,63238,1376],{"class":57},[39,63240,1026],{"class":53},[20,63242,458],{},[30,63244,63246],{"className":32,"code":63245,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable\n",[15,63247,63248],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63249,63250,63252,63254,63256,63258,63260,63262,63264,63266],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63251,2627],{"class":2523},[39,63253,145],{"class":53},[39,63255,2920],{"class":243},[39,63257,1813],{"class":247},[39,63259,629],{"class":243},[39,63261,24229],{"class":2523},[39,63263,763],{"class":49},[39,63265,7715],{"class":49},[39,63267,63268],{"class":45}," iterable\n",[20,63270,63271,63272,63274,63275,94],{},"If you want a deeper explanation, read ",[173,63273,4758],{"href":5202},". If you hit this exact error, see ",[173,63276,63277],{"href":52202},"how to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[134,63279,63281],{"id":63280},"list-makes-a-new-list-copy","list() makes a new list copy",[20,63283,63284,63285,63288],{},"If you already have a list, ",[15,63286,63287],{},"list(existing_list)"," creates a new list with the same items:",[30,63290,63292],{"className":32,"code":63291,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = list(original)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\nprint(original is copied)\n",[15,63293,63294,63314,63328,63332,63342,63352],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63295,63296,63298,63300,63302,63304,63306,63308,63310,63312],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63297,11697],{"class":45},[39,63299,50],{"class":49},[39,63301,3249],{"class":53},[39,63303,58],{"class":57},[39,63305,61],{"class":53},[39,63307,64],{"class":57},[39,63309,61],{"class":53},[39,63311,73],{"class":57},[39,63313,3262],{"class":53},[39,63315,63316,63318,63320,63322,63324,63326],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63317,13922],{"class":45},[39,63319,50],{"class":49},[39,63321,22171],{"class":2523},[39,63323,101],{"class":53},[39,63325,11744],{"class":97},[39,63327,80],{"class":53},[39,63329,63330],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,63331,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,63333,63334,63336,63338,63340],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,63335,113],{"class":112},[39,63337,101],{"class":53},[39,63339,11744],{"class":97},[39,63341,80],{"class":53},[39,63343,63344,63346,63348,63350],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,63345,113],{"class":112},[39,63347,101],{"class":53},[39,63349,13941],{"class":97},[39,63351,80],{"class":53},[39,63353,63354,63356,63358,63360,63362,63364],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,63355,113],{"class":112},[39,63357,101],{"class":53},[39,63359,11697],{"class":97},[39,63361,11805],{"class":572},[39,63363,13995],{"class":97},[39,63365,80],{"class":53},[20,63367,458],{},[30,63369,63371],{"className":32,"code":63370,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n[1, 2, 3]\nFalse\n",[15,63372,63373,63389,63405],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63374,63375,63377,63379,63381,63383,63385,63387],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63376,3525],{"class":53},[39,63378,58],{"class":57},[39,63380,61],{"class":53},[39,63382,64],{"class":57},[39,63384,61],{"class":53},[39,63386,73],{"class":57},[39,63388,3262],{"class":53},[39,63390,63391,63393,63395,63397,63399,63401,63403],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63392,3525],{"class":53},[39,63394,58],{"class":57},[39,63396,61],{"class":53},[39,63398,64],{"class":57},[39,63400,61],{"class":53},[39,63402,73],{"class":57},[39,63404,3262],{"class":53},[39,63406,63407],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,63408,3666],{"class":3477},[20,63410,63411,63412,63414],{},"This means ",[15,63413,13941],{}," is a different list object.",[20,63416,63417,63418,63420],{},"However, this is only a ",[3367,63419,12462],{},". Nested items are still shared:",[30,63422,63424],{"className":32,"code":63423,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = list(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)\nprint(copied)\n",[15,63425,63426,63452,63466,63470,63488,63492,63502],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63427,63428,63430,63432,63434,63436,63438,63440,63442,63444,63446,63448,63450],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63429,11697],{"class":45},[39,63431,50],{"class":49},[39,63433,55895],{"class":53},[39,63435,58],{"class":57},[39,63437,61],{"class":53},[39,63439,64],{"class":57},[39,63441,17674],{"class":53},[39,63443,3249],{"class":53},[39,63445,479],{"class":57},[39,63447,61],{"class":53},[39,63449,2080],{"class":57},[39,63451,52844],{"class":53},[39,63453,63454,63456,63458,63460,63462,63464],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63455,13922],{"class":45},[39,63457,50],{"class":49},[39,63459,22171],{"class":2523},[39,63461,101],{"class":53},[39,63463,11744],{"class":97},[39,63465,80],{"class":53},[39,63467,63468],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,63469,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,63471,63472,63474,63476,63478,63480,63482,63484,63486],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,63473,13941],{"class":45},[39,63475,3525],{"class":53},[39,63477,221],{"class":57},[39,63479,13160],{"class":53},[39,63481,13163],{"class":97},[39,63483,101],{"class":53},[39,63485,55948],{"class":57},[39,63487,80],{"class":53},[39,63489,63490],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,63491,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,63493,63494,63496,63498,63500],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,63495,113],{"class":112},[39,63497,101],{"class":53},[39,63499,11744],{"class":97},[39,63501,80],{"class":53},[39,63503,63504,63506,63508,63510],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,63505,113],{"class":112},[39,63507,101],{"class":53},[39,63509,13941],{"class":97},[39,63511,80],{"class":53},[20,63513,458],{},[30,63515,63516],{"className":32,"code":55979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,63517,63518,63544],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63519,63520,63522,63524,63526,63528,63530,63532,63534,63536,63538,63540,63542],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63521,55986],{"class":53},[39,63523,58],{"class":57},[39,63525,61],{"class":53},[39,63527,64],{"class":57},[39,63529,61],{"class":53},[39,63531,9809],{"class":57},[39,63533,17674],{"class":53},[39,63535,3249],{"class":53},[39,63537,479],{"class":57},[39,63539,61],{"class":53},[39,63541,2080],{"class":57},[39,63543,52844],{"class":53},[39,63545,63546,63548,63550,63552,63554,63556,63558,63560,63562,63564,63566,63568],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63547,55986],{"class":53},[39,63549,58],{"class":57},[39,63551,61],{"class":53},[39,63553,64],{"class":57},[39,63555,61],{"class":53},[39,63557,9809],{"class":57},[39,63559,17674],{"class":53},[39,63561,3249],{"class":53},[39,63563,479],{"class":57},[39,63565,61],{"class":53},[39,63567,2080],{"class":57},[39,63569,52844],{"class":53},[20,63571,63572],{},"Both lists changed because the inner list was shared.",[20,63574,63575,63576,94],{},"For more on this, see ",[173,63577,13401],{"href":13400},[134,63579,63581],{"id":63580},"dictionary-behavior","Dictionary behavior",[20,63583,63584,63585,94],{},"Dictionaries often confuse beginners when used with ",[15,63586,24392],{},[223,63588,63590],{"id":63589},"get-dictionary-keys","Get dictionary keys",[30,63592,63594],{"className":32,"code":63593,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student))\n",[15,63595,63596,63636],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63597,63598,63600,63602,63604,63606,63608,63610,63612,63614,63616,63618,63620,63622,63624,63626,63628,63630,63632,63634],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63599,12475],{"class":45},[39,63601,50],{"class":49},[39,63603,10103],{"class":53},[39,63605,244],{"class":243},[39,63607,7285],{"class":247},[39,63609,244],{"class":243},[39,63611,145],{"class":53},[39,63613,255],{"class":243},[39,63615,7538],{"class":247},[39,63617,244],{"class":243},[39,63619,61],{"class":53},[39,63621,255],{"class":243},[39,63623,19504],{"class":247},[39,63625,244],{"class":243},[39,63627,145],{"class":53},[39,63629,255],{"class":243},[39,63631,21857],{"class":247},[39,63633,244],{"class":243},[39,63635,8921],{"class":53},[39,63637,63638,63640,63642,63644,63646,63648],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63639,113],{"class":112},[39,63641,101],{"class":53},[39,63643,7710],{"class":2523},[39,63645,101],{"class":53},[39,63647,13236],{"class":97},[39,63649,1026],{"class":53},[20,63651,458],{},[30,63653,63655],{"className":32,"code":63654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['name', 'grade']\n",[15,63656,63657],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63658,63659,63661,63663,63665,63667,63669,63671,63673,63675],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63660,3525],{"class":53},[39,63662,629],{"class":243},[39,63664,7285],{"class":247},[39,63666,629],{"class":243},[39,63668,61],{"class":53},[39,63670,2920],{"class":243},[39,63672,19504],{"class":247},[39,63674,629],{"class":243},[39,63676,3262],{"class":53},[223,63678,63680],{"id":63679},"get-dictionary-values","Get dictionary values",[30,63682,63684],{"className":32,"code":63683,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.values()))\n",[15,63685,63686,63726],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63687,63688,63690,63692,63694,63696,63698,63700,63702,63704,63706,63708,63710,63712,63714,63716,63718,63720,63722,63724],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63689,12475],{"class":45},[39,63691,50],{"class":49},[39,63693,10103],{"class":53},[39,63695,244],{"class":243},[39,63697,7285],{"class":247},[39,63699,244],{"class":243},[39,63701,145],{"class":53},[39,63703,255],{"class":243},[39,63705,7538],{"class":247},[39,63707,244],{"class":243},[39,63709,61],{"class":53},[39,63711,255],{"class":243},[39,63713,19504],{"class":247},[39,63715,244],{"class":243},[39,63717,145],{"class":53},[39,63719,255],{"class":243},[39,63721,21857],{"class":247},[39,63723,244],{"class":243},[39,63725,8921],{"class":53},[39,63727,63728,63730,63732,63734,63736,63738,63740,63742],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63729,113],{"class":112},[39,63731,101],{"class":53},[39,63733,7710],{"class":2523},[39,63735,101],{"class":53},[39,63737,13236],{"class":97},[39,63739,94],{"class":53},[39,63741,856],{"class":97},[39,63743,5905],{"class":53},[20,63745,458],{},[30,63747,63749],{"className":32,"code":63748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Mia', 'A']\n",[15,63750,63751],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63752,63753,63755,63757,63759,63761,63763,63765,63767,63769],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63754,3525],{"class":53},[39,63756,629],{"class":243},[39,63758,7538],{"class":247},[39,63760,629],{"class":243},[39,63762,61],{"class":53},[39,63764,2920],{"class":243},[39,63766,21857],{"class":247},[39,63768,629],{"class":243},[39,63770,3262],{"class":53},[223,63772,63774],{"id":63773},"get-key-value-pairs","Get key-value pairs",[30,63776,63778],{"className":32,"code":63777,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"student = {\"name\": \"Mia\", \"grade\": \"A\"}\nprint(list(student.items()))\n",[15,63779,63780,63820],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63781,63782,63784,63786,63788,63790,63792,63794,63796,63798,63800,63802,63804,63806,63808,63810,63812,63814,63816,63818],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63783,12475],{"class":45},[39,63785,50],{"class":49},[39,63787,10103],{"class":53},[39,63789,244],{"class":243},[39,63791,7285],{"class":247},[39,63793,244],{"class":243},[39,63795,145],{"class":53},[39,63797,255],{"class":243},[39,63799,7538],{"class":247},[39,63801,244],{"class":243},[39,63803,61],{"class":53},[39,63805,255],{"class":243},[39,63807,19504],{"class":247},[39,63809,244],{"class":243},[39,63811,145],{"class":53},[39,63813,255],{"class":243},[39,63815,21857],{"class":247},[39,63817,244],{"class":243},[39,63819,8921],{"class":53},[39,63821,63822,63824,63826,63828,63830,63832,63834,63836],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63823,113],{"class":112},[39,63825,101],{"class":53},[39,63827,7710],{"class":2523},[39,63829,101],{"class":53},[39,63831,13236],{"class":97},[39,63833,94],{"class":53},[39,63835,7426],{"class":97},[39,63837,5905],{"class":53},[20,63839,458],{},[30,63841,63843],{"className":32,"code":63842,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('name', 'Mia'), ('grade', 'A')]\n",[15,63844,63845],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63846,63847,63849,63851,63853,63855,63857,63859,63861,63863,63865,63867,63869,63871,63873,63875,63877,63879,63881],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63848,21352],{"class":53},[39,63850,629],{"class":243},[39,63852,7285],{"class":247},[39,63854,629],{"class":243},[39,63856,61],{"class":53},[39,63858,2920],{"class":243},[39,63860,7538],{"class":247},[39,63862,629],{"class":243},[39,63864,8846],{"class":53},[39,63866,54],{"class":53},[39,63868,629],{"class":243},[39,63870,19504],{"class":247},[39,63872,629],{"class":243},[39,63874,61],{"class":53},[39,63876,2920],{"class":243},[39,63878,21857],{"class":247},[39,63880,629],{"class":243},[39,63882,8861],{"class":53},[20,63884,63885],{},"This is helpful when you need the keys, values, or pairs in list form.",[134,63887,63889],{"id":63888},"when-to-use-list","When to use list()",[20,63891,128,63892,10214],{},[15,63893,24392],{},[147,63895,63896,63904,63913],{},[150,63897,63898,63899,177,63901],{},"you need list methods like ",[15,63900,52255],{},[15,63902,63903],{},"sort()",[150,63905,63906,63907,177,63909,63912],{},"you want to convert ",[15,63908,35812],{},[15,63910,63911],{},"zip()"," results into a visible list",[150,63914,63915],{},"another function gives you an iterable, but you need a real list",[20,63917,1315,63918,145],{},[15,63919,63911],{},[30,63921,63923],{"className":32,"code":63922,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,63924,63925,63949,63965,63969,63992],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,63926,63927,63929,63931,63933,63935,63937,63939,63941,63943,63945,63947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,63928,4618],{"class":45},[39,63930,50],{"class":49},[39,63932,3249],{"class":53},[39,63934,244],{"class":243},[39,63936,12492],{"class":247},[39,63938,244],{"class":243},[39,63940,61],{"class":53},[39,63942,255],{"class":243},[39,63944,35555],{"class":247},[39,63946,244],{"class":243},[39,63948,3262],{"class":53},[39,63950,63951,63953,63955,63957,63959,63961,63963],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,63952,675],{"class":45},[39,63954,50],{"class":49},[39,63956,3249],{"class":53},[39,63958,13112],{"class":57},[39,63960,61],{"class":53},[39,63962,13117],{"class":57},[39,63964,3262],{"class":53},[39,63966,63967],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,63968,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,63970,63971,63973,63975,63977,63979,63982,63984,63986,63988,63990],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,63972,8828],{"class":45},[39,63974,50],{"class":49},[39,63976,22171],{"class":2523},[39,63978,101],{"class":53},[39,63980,63981],{"class":112},"zip",[39,63983,101],{"class":53},[39,63985,4662],{"class":97},[39,63987,61],{"class":53},[39,63989,714],{"class":97},[39,63991,1026],{"class":53},[39,63993,63994,63996,63998,64000],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,63995,113],{"class":112},[39,63997,101],{"class":53},[39,63999,8874],{"class":97},[39,64001,80],{"class":53},[20,64003,458],{},[30,64005,64007],{"className":32,"code":64006,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n",[15,64008,64009],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64010,64011,64013,64015,64017,64019,64021,64023,64025,64027,64029,64031,64033,64035,64037],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64012,21352],{"class":53},[39,64014,629],{"class":243},[39,64016,12492],{"class":247},[39,64018,629],{"class":243},[39,64020,61],{"class":53},[39,64022,19511],{"class":57},[39,64024,8846],{"class":53},[39,64026,54],{"class":53},[39,64028,629],{"class":243},[39,64030,35555],{"class":247},[39,64032,629],{"class":243},[39,64034,61],{"class":53},[39,64036,13117],{"class":57},[39,64038,8861],{"class":53},[20,64040,64041,64042,64044,64045,94],{},"After you have a list, you can work with list methods such as ",[15,64043,52255],{},". For a practical next step, see ",[173,64046,52651],{"href":52650},[134,64048,4141],{"id":4140},[20,64050,56377,64051,94],{},[15,64052,24392],{},[223,64054,64056],{"id":64055},"passing-multiple-values-directly","Passing multiple values directly",[20,64058,4148],{},[30,64060,64062],{"className":32,"code":64061,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Wrong\nlist(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,64063,64064,64068],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64065,64066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64067,4158],{"class":124},[39,64069,64070,64072,64074,64076,64078,64080,64082,64084],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,64071,7710],{"class":2523},[39,64073,101],{"class":53},[39,64075,58],{"class":57},[39,64077,61],{"class":53},[39,64079,64],{"class":57},[39,64081,61],{"class":53},[39,64083,73],{"class":57},[39,64085,80],{"class":53},[20,64087,64088,64090],{},[15,64089,24392],{}," accepts one iterable, not several separate values.",[20,64092,18307],{},[30,64094,64096],{"className":32,"code":64095,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list((1, 2, 3)))\n",[15,64097,64098],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64099,64100,64102,64104,64106,64108,64110,64112,64114,64116,64118],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64101,113],{"class":112},[39,64103,101],{"class":53},[39,64105,7710],{"class":2523},[39,64107,5126],{"class":53},[39,64109,58],{"class":57},[39,64111,61],{"class":53},[39,64113,64],{"class":57},[39,64115,61],{"class":53},[39,64117,73],{"class":57},[39,64119,2534],{"class":53},[223,64121,64123,64124],{"id":64122},"expecting-listhello-to-return-hello","Expecting list(\"hello\") to return ",[39,64125,64126],{},"\"hello\"",[20,64128,64129],{},"This is a common surprise:",[30,64131,64133],{"className":32,"code":64132,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(\"hello\"))\n",[15,64134,64135],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64136,64137,64139,64141,64143,64145,64147,64149,64151],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64138,113],{"class":112},[39,64140,101],{"class":53},[39,64142,7710],{"class":2523},[39,64144,101],{"class":53},[39,64146,244],{"class":243},[39,64148,3470],{"class":247},[39,64150,244],{"class":243},[39,64152,1026],{"class":53},[20,64154,458],{},[30,64156,64158],{"className":32,"code":64157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o']\n",[15,64159,64160],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64161,64162,64164,64166,64168,64170,64172,64174,64176,64178,64180,64182,64184,64186,64188,64190,64192,64194,64196,64198,64200,64202],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64163,3525],{"class":53},[39,64165,629],{"class":243},[39,64167,60029],{"class":247},[39,64169,629],{"class":243},[39,64171,61],{"class":53},[39,64173,2920],{"class":243},[39,64175,60038],{"class":247},[39,64177,629],{"class":243},[39,64179,61],{"class":53},[39,64181,2920],{"class":243},[39,64183,60047],{"class":247},[39,64185,629],{"class":243},[39,64187,61],{"class":53},[39,64189,2920],{"class":243},[39,64191,60047],{"class":247},[39,64193,629],{"class":243},[39,64195,61],{"class":53},[39,64197,2920],{"class":243},[39,64199,60064],{"class":247},[39,64201,629],{"class":243},[39,64203,3262],{"class":53},[20,64205,64206],{},"A string is iterable, so Python takes one character at a time.",[20,64208,64209],{},"If you want a list with one string item, write:",[30,64211,64213],{"className":32,"code":64212,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print([\"hello\"])\n",[15,64214,64215],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64216,64217,64219,64221,64223,64225,64227],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64218,113],{"class":112},[39,64220,2608],{"class":53},[39,64222,244],{"class":243},[39,64224,3470],{"class":247},[39,64226,244],{"class":243},[39,64228,3513],{"class":53},[223,64230,64232],{"id":64231},"assuming-listdict-returns-values","Assuming list(dict) returns values",[20,64234,64235],{},"This:",[30,64237,64239],{"className":32,"code":64238,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(list(data))\n",[15,64240,64241,64273],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64242,64243,64245,64247,64249,64251,64253,64255,64257,64259,64261,64263,64265,64267,64269,64271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64244,8778],{"class":45},[39,64246,50],{"class":49},[39,64248,10103],{"class":53},[39,64250,244],{"class":243},[39,64252,173],{"class":247},[39,64254,244],{"class":243},[39,64256,145],{"class":53},[39,64258,595],{"class":57},[39,64260,61],{"class":53},[39,64262,255],{"class":243},[39,64264,1070],{"class":247},[39,64266,244],{"class":243},[39,64268,145],{"class":53},[39,64270,64],{"class":57},[39,64272,8921],{"class":53},[39,64274,64275,64277,64279,64281,64283,64285],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,64276,113],{"class":112},[39,64278,101],{"class":53},[39,64280,7710],{"class":2523},[39,64282,101],{"class":53},[39,64284,8817],{"class":97},[39,64286,1026],{"class":53},[20,64288,64289],{},"returns the keys, not the values.",[20,64291,128,64292,64295],{},[15,64293,64294],{},"list(data.values())"," if you want values.",[223,64297,64299],{"id":64298},"thinking-list-makes-a-deep-copy","Thinking list() makes a deep copy",[20,64301,64302,64304],{},[15,64303,24392],{}," copies the outer list only.",[20,64306,64307],{},"If the list contains nested mutable items, those inner items are still shared.",[134,64309,1454],{"id":1453},[223,64311,1497,64313,64315],{"id":64312},"what-is-the-difference-between-and-list",[39,64314],{}," and list()?",[20,64317,64318,64319,64321,64322,64324],{},"Both create a new empty list. ",[15,64320,3412],{}," is shorter. ",[15,64323,24392],{}," is often used when converting another iterable.",[223,64326,64328],{"id":64327},"why-does-listabc-split-the-string-into-characters","Why does list(\"abc\") split the string into characters?",[20,64330,64331,64332,64334],{},"A string is iterable, so ",[15,64333,24392],{}," takes each character one at a time.",[223,64336,64338],{"id":64337},"what-does-list-return-for-a-dictionary","What does list() return for a dictionary?",[20,64340,64341],{},"It returns a list of the dictionary keys.",[223,64343,64345],{"id":64344},"does-list-copy-a-list","Does list() copy a list?",[20,64347,64348],{},"Yes, but it makes a shallow copy, not a deep copy.",[223,64350,64352],{"id":64351},"why-does-list5-fail","Why does list(5) fail?",[20,64354,64355,64356,64358],{},"An integer is not iterable, so ",[15,64357,24392],{}," cannot loop through it.",[134,64360,1514],{"id":1513},[147,64362,64363,64367,64372,64376,64380,64384,64388,64393],{},[150,64364,64365],{},[173,64366,52374],{"href":50585},[150,64368,64369],{},[173,64370,64371],{"href":35809},"Python range() function explained",[150,64373,64374],{},[173,64375,62809],{"href":62808},[150,64377,64378],{},[173,64379,63141],{"href":63140},[150,64381,64382],{},[173,64383,4833],{"href":5202},[150,64385,64386],{},[173,64387,13401],{"href":13400},[150,64389,64390],{},[173,64391,64392],{"href":52202},"How to fix TypeError: int object is not iterable",[150,64394,64395],{},[173,64396,53879],{"href":52650},[1550,64398,64399],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":64401},[64402,64403,64404,64405,64406,64413,64414,64415,64420,64421,64428,64436],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":62511,"depth":83,"text":62512},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":59210,"depth":83,"text":59211},{"id":62739,"depth":83,"text":62740,"children":64407},[64408,64409,64410,64411,64412],{"id":62743,"depth":109,"text":62744},{"id":62812,"depth":109,"text":62813},{"id":62890,"depth":109,"text":62891},{"id":62965,"depth":109,"text":62966},{"id":63032,"depth":109,"text":63033},{"id":63144,"depth":83,"text":63145},{"id":63280,"depth":83,"text":63281},{"id":63580,"depth":83,"text":63581,"children":64416},[64417,64418,64419],{"id":63589,"depth":109,"text":63590},{"id":63679,"depth":109,"text":63680},{"id":63773,"depth":109,"text":63774},{"id":63888,"depth":83,"text":63889},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":64422},[64423,64424,64426,64427],{"id":64055,"depth":109,"text":64056},{"id":64122,"depth":109,"text":64425},"Expecting list(\"hello\") to return \"hello\"",{"id":64231,"depth":109,"text":64232},{"id":64298,"depth":109,"text":64299},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":64429},[64430,64432,64433,64434,64435],{"id":64312,"depth":109,"text":64431},"What is the difference between  and list()?",{"id":64327,"depth":109,"text":64328},{"id":64337,"depth":109,"text":64338},{"id":64344,"depth":109,"text":64345},{"id":64351,"depth":109,"text":64352},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained",{"title":62345,"description":64437},"reference\u002Fpython-list-function-explained","YS2GFSTuQJD-E7GkMfcZR7-V24TSmh15u2hjKR2n6nE",{"id":64444,"title":64445,"body":64446,"description":65796,"extension":1587,"meta":65797,"navigation":420,"path":65798,"seo":65799,"stem":65800,"__hash__":65801},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method.md","Python List index() Method",{"type":7,"value":64447,"toc":65770},[64448,64453,64459,64468,64470,64543,64552,64557,64561,64577,64581,64583,64585,64604,64607,64635,64638,64663,64671,64673,64678,64685,64687,64744,64746,64754,64760,64764,64767,64840,64842,64850,64853,64876,64883,64889,64893,64899,64970,64972,64980,64988,64995,65002,65010,65154,65156,65173,65176,65215,65218,65222,65227,65229,65288,65294,65297,65404,65406,65421,65424,65431,65433,65437,65585,65588,65649,65652,65655,65676,65681,65685,65696,65699,65701,65706,65709,65717,65722,65728,65731,65737,65745,65747,65767],[10,64449,53943,64451,18],{"id":64450},"python-list-index-method",[15,64452,1302],{},[20,64454,64455,64458],{},[15,64456,64457],{},"list.index()"," finds the position of a value in a list.",[20,64460,64461,64462,64465,64466,94],{},"Use it when you have a list and want to know where a specific item appears. It returns the index of the ",[3367,64463,64464],{},"first matching item",". If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,64467,40315],{},[134,64469,3235],{"id":3234},[30,64471,64473],{"className":32,"code":64472,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = items.index(\"banana\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,64474,64475,64507,64530],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64476,64477,64479,64481,64483,64485,64487,64489,64491,64493,64495,64497,64499,64501,64503,64505],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64478,7397],{"class":45},[39,64480,50],{"class":49},[39,64482,3249],{"class":53},[39,64484,244],{"class":243},[39,64486,377],{"class":247},[39,64488,244],{"class":243},[39,64490,61],{"class":53},[39,64492,255],{"class":243},[39,64494,386],{"class":247},[39,64496,244],{"class":243},[39,64498,61],{"class":53},[39,64500,255],{"class":243},[39,64502,3720],{"class":247},[39,64504,244],{"class":243},[39,64506,3262],{"class":53},[39,64508,64509,64512,64514,64516,64518,64520,64522,64524,64526,64528],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,64510,64511],{"class":45},"position ",[39,64513,50],{"class":49},[39,64515,5582],{"class":45},[39,64517,94],{"class":53},[39,64519,1431],{"class":97},[39,64521,101],{"class":53},[39,64523,244],{"class":243},[39,64525,386],{"class":247},[39,64527,244],{"class":243},[39,64529,80],{"class":53},[39,64531,64532,64534,64536,64539,64541],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,64533,113],{"class":112},[39,64535,101],{"class":53},[39,64537,64538],{"class":97},"position",[39,64540,121],{"class":53},[39,64542,894],{"class":124},[20,64544,128,64545,64548,64549,64551],{},[15,64546,64547],{},"list.index(value)"," to get the position of the first matching item. It raises ",[15,64550,40315],{}," if the item is not found.",[134,64553,137,64555,140],{"id":64554},"what-listindex-does",[15,64556,64457],{},[20,64558,64559,145],{},[15,64560,64457],{},[147,64562,64563,64566,64569,64574],{},[150,64564,64565],{},"Finds the position of a value in a list",[150,64567,64568],{},"Returns the index of the first matching item",[150,64570,64571,64572],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at position ",[15,64573,221],{},[150,64575,64576],{},"Works only if the value exists in the list",[20,64578,54168,64579,94],{},[173,64580,52374],{"href":54171},[134,64582,1781],{"id":1780},[20,64584,30338],{},[30,64586,64588],{"className":32,"code":64587,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.index(value)\n",[15,64589,64590],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64591,64592,64594,64596,64598,64600,64602],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64593,7955],{"class":45},[39,64595,94],{"class":53},[39,64597,1431],{"class":97},[39,64599,101],{"class":53},[39,64601,155],{"class":97},[39,64603,80],{"class":53},[20,64605,64606],{},"You can also limit the search:",[30,64608,64610],{"className":32,"code":64609,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,64611,64612],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64613,64614,64616,64618,64620,64622,64624,64626,64628,64630,64633],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64615,7955],{"class":45},[39,64617,94],{"class":53},[39,64619,1431],{"class":97},[39,64621,101],{"class":53},[39,64623,155],{"class":97},[39,64625,61],{"class":53},[39,64627,35666],{"class":97},[39,64629,61],{"class":53},[39,64631,64632],{"class":97}," end",[39,64634,80],{"class":53},[20,64636,64637],{},"Here is what each part means:",[147,64639,64640,64645,64650,64655],{},[150,64641,64642,64644],{},[15,64643,155],{},": the item to search for",[150,64646,64647,64649],{},[15,64648,35687],{},": where the search begins",[150,64651,64652,64654],{},[15,64653,52263],{},": where the search stops",[150,64656,64657,936,64659,64662],{},[15,64658,52263],{},[3367,64660,64661],{},"not included"," in the search range",[20,64664,64665,64666,64668,64669,94],{},"This means Python searches from ",[15,64667,35687],{}," up to, but not including, ",[15,64670,52263],{},[134,64672,483],{"id":482},[20,64674,64675,64677],{},[15,64676,64457],{}," returns an integer.",[20,64679,64680,64681,64684],{},"That integer is the position of the ",[3367,64682,64683],{},"first match"," in the list.",[20,64686,515],{},[30,64688,64690],{"className":32,"code":64689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = numbers.index(20)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,64691,64692,64712,64730,64734],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64693,64694,64696,64698,64700,64702,64704,64706,64708,64710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64695,46],{"class":45},[39,64697,50],{"class":49},[39,64699,3249],{"class":53},[39,64701,682],{"class":57},[39,64703,61],{"class":53},[39,64705,687],{"class":57},[39,64707,61],{"class":53},[39,64709,697],{"class":57},[39,64711,3262],{"class":53},[39,64713,64714,64716,64718,64720,64722,64724,64726,64728],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,64715,86],{"class":45},[39,64717,50],{"class":49},[39,64719,91],{"class":45},[39,64721,94],{"class":53},[39,64723,1431],{"class":97},[39,64725,101],{"class":53},[39,64727,15366],{"class":57},[39,64729,80],{"class":53},[39,64731,64732],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,64733,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,64735,64736,64738,64740,64742],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,64737,113],{"class":112},[39,64739,101],{"class":53},[39,64741,118],{"class":97},[39,64743,80],{"class":53},[20,64745,458],{},[30,64747,64748],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,64749,64750],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64751,64752],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64753,46522],{"class":57},[20,64755,64756,64757,64759],{},"If the same value appears more than once, ",[15,64758,1302],{}," still returns only the first matching position.",[134,64761,64763],{"id":64762},"example-find-an-item-in-a-list","Example: find an item in a list",[20,64765,64766],{},"Here is a simple example with strings:",[30,64768,64770],{"className":32,"code":64769,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nposition = fruits.index(\"cherry\")\n\nprint(position)\n",[15,64771,64772,64804,64826,64830],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64773,64774,64776,64778,64780,64782,64784,64786,64788,64790,64792,64794,64796,64798,64800,64802],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64775,368],{"class":45},[39,64777,50],{"class":49},[39,64779,3249],{"class":53},[39,64781,244],{"class":243},[39,64783,377],{"class":247},[39,64785,244],{"class":243},[39,64787,61],{"class":53},[39,64789,255],{"class":243},[39,64791,386],{"class":247},[39,64793,244],{"class":243},[39,64795,61],{"class":53},[39,64797,255],{"class":243},[39,64799,3720],{"class":247},[39,64801,244],{"class":243},[39,64803,3262],{"class":53},[39,64805,64806,64808,64810,64812,64814,64816,64818,64820,64822,64824],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,64807,64511],{"class":45},[39,64809,50],{"class":49},[39,64811,430],{"class":45},[39,64813,94],{"class":53},[39,64815,1431],{"class":97},[39,64817,101],{"class":53},[39,64819,244],{"class":243},[39,64821,3720],{"class":247},[39,64823,244],{"class":243},[39,64825,80],{"class":53},[39,64827,64828],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,64829,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,64831,64832,64834,64836,64838],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,64833,113],{"class":112},[39,64835,101],{"class":53},[39,64837,64538],{"class":97},[39,64839,80],{"class":53},[20,64841,458],{},[30,64843,64844],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,64845,64846],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64847,64848],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64849,16669],{"class":57},[20,64851,64852],{},"In this list:",[147,64854,64855,64862,64869],{},[150,64856,64857,64859,64860],{},[15,64858,472],{}," is at index ",[15,64861,221],{},[150,64863,64864,64859,64867],{},[15,64865,64866],{},"\"banana\"",[15,64868,58],{},[150,64870,64871,64859,64874],{},[15,64872,64873],{},"\"cherry\"",[15,64875,104],{},[20,64877,53255,64878,476,64881,94],{},[15,64879,64880],{},"fruits.index(\"cherry\")",[15,64882,104],{},[20,64884,51145,64885,94],{},[173,64886,64888],{"href":64887},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-find-an-item-in-a-list-in-python","how to find an item in a list in Python",[134,64890,64892],{"id":64891},"example-list-with-duplicate-values","Example: list with duplicate values",[20,64894,64895,64896,64898],{},"If a list contains the same value more than once, ",[15,64897,1302],{}," returns the first match only.",[30,64900,64902],{"className":32,"code":64901,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\n\nprint(colors.index(\"red\"))\n",[15,64903,64904,64944,64948],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64905,64906,64908,64910,64912,64914,64916,64918,64920,64922,64924,64926,64928,64930,64932,64934,64936,64938,64940,64942],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64907,236],{"class":45},[39,64909,50],{"class":49},[39,64911,3249],{"class":53},[39,64913,244],{"class":243},[39,64915,248],{"class":247},[39,64917,244],{"class":243},[39,64919,61],{"class":53},[39,64921,255],{"class":243},[39,64923,258],{"class":247},[39,64925,244],{"class":243},[39,64927,61],{"class":53},[39,64929,255],{"class":243},[39,64931,248],{"class":247},[39,64933,244],{"class":243},[39,64935,61],{"class":53},[39,64937,255],{"class":243},[39,64939,275],{"class":247},[39,64941,244],{"class":243},[39,64943,3262],{"class":53},[39,64945,64946],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,64947,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,64949,64950,64952,64954,64956,64958,64960,64962,64964,64966,64968],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,64951,113],{"class":112},[39,64953,101],{"class":53},[39,64955,288],{"class":97},[39,64957,94],{"class":53},[39,64959,1431],{"class":97},[39,64961,101],{"class":53},[39,64963,244],{"class":243},[39,64965,248],{"class":247},[39,64967,244],{"class":243},[39,64969,1026],{"class":53},[20,64971,458],{},[30,64973,64974],{"className":32,"code":46857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,64975,64976],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,64977,64978],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,64979,46857],{"class":57},[20,64981,20590,64982,64984,64985,64987],{},[15,64983,342],{}," appears again later, Python returns ",[15,64986,221],{}," because that is the first matching position.",[20,64989,64990,64991,94],{},"If you need to count how many times a value appears, use ",[173,64992,55121,64993,1533],{"href":58617},[15,64994,17],{},[134,64996,948,64998,796,65000],{"id":64997},"using-start-and-end",[15,64999,35687],{},[15,65001,52263],{},[20,65003,65004,65005,796,65007,65009],{},"The optional ",[15,65006,35687],{},[15,65008,52263],{}," arguments let you search only part of a list.",[30,65011,65013],{"className":32,"code":65012,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\"]\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # first match\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # search starting at index 2\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4))  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[15,65014,65015,65063,65067,65092,65121],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65016,65017,65019,65021,65023,65025,65027,65029,65031,65033,65035,65037,65039,65041,65043,65045,65047,65049,65051,65053,65055,65057,65059,65061],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65018,1053],{"class":45},[39,65020,50],{"class":49},[39,65022,3249],{"class":53},[39,65024,244],{"class":243},[39,65026,173],{"class":247},[39,65028,244],{"class":243},[39,65030,61],{"class":53},[39,65032,255],{"class":243},[39,65034,1070],{"class":247},[39,65036,244],{"class":243},[39,65038,61],{"class":53},[39,65040,255],{"class":243},[39,65042,9352],{"class":247},[39,65044,244],{"class":243},[39,65046,61],{"class":53},[39,65048,255],{"class":243},[39,65050,1070],{"class":247},[39,65052,244],{"class":243},[39,65054,61],{"class":53},[39,65056,255],{"class":243},[39,65058,18380],{"class":247},[39,65060,244],{"class":243},[39,65062,3262],{"class":53},[39,65064,65065],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,65066,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,65068,65069,65071,65073,65075,65077,65079,65081,65083,65085,65087,65089],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,65070,113],{"class":112},[39,65072,101],{"class":53},[39,65074,35757],{"class":97},[39,65076,94],{"class":53},[39,65078,1431],{"class":97},[39,65080,101],{"class":53},[39,65082,244],{"class":243},[39,65084,1070],{"class":247},[39,65086,244],{"class":243},[39,65088,303],{"class":53},[39,65090,65091],{"class":124},"        # first match\n",[39,65093,65094,65096,65098,65100,65102,65104,65106,65108,65110,65112,65114,65116,65118],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,65095,113],{"class":112},[39,65097,101],{"class":53},[39,65099,35757],{"class":97},[39,65101,94],{"class":53},[39,65103,1431],{"class":97},[39,65105,101],{"class":53},[39,65107,244],{"class":243},[39,65109,1070],{"class":247},[39,65111,244],{"class":243},[39,65113,61],{"class":53},[39,65115,64],{"class":57},[39,65117,303],{"class":53},[39,65119,65120],{"class":124},"     # search starting at index 2\n",[39,65122,65123,65125,65127,65129,65131,65133,65135,65137,65139,65141,65143,65145,65147,65149,65151],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,65124,113],{"class":112},[39,65126,101],{"class":53},[39,65128,35757],{"class":97},[39,65130,94],{"class":53},[39,65132,1431],{"class":97},[39,65134,101],{"class":53},[39,65136,244],{"class":243},[39,65138,1070],{"class":247},[39,65140,244],{"class":243},[39,65142,61],{"class":53},[39,65144,595],{"class":57},[39,65146,61],{"class":53},[39,65148,2080],{"class":57},[39,65150,303],{"class":53},[39,65152,65153],{"class":124},"  # search from 1 up to 4\n",[20,65155,458],{},[30,65157,65159],{"className":32,"code":65158,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1\n3\n1\n",[15,65160,65161,65165,65169],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65162,65163],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65164,46522],{"class":57},[39,65166,65167],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,65168,461],{"class":57},[39,65170,65171],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,65172,46522],{"class":57},[20,65174,65175],{},"How this works:",[147,65177,65178,65190,65203],{},[150,65179,65180,65183,65184,65187,65188],{},[15,65181,65182],{},"letters.index(\"b\")"," searches the whole list and returns the first ",[15,65185,65186],{},"\"b\""," at index ",[15,65189,58],{},[150,65191,65192,65195,65196,65198,65199,65187,65201],{},[15,65193,65194],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 2)"," starts searching at index ",[15,65197,104],{},", so it finds the next ",[15,65200,65186],{},[15,65202,479],{},[150,65204,65205,65208,65209,1814,65211,16685,65213],{},[15,65206,65207],{},"letters.index(\"b\", 1, 4)"," searches indexes ",[15,65210,58],{},[15,65212,104],{},[15,65214,479],{},[20,65216,65217],{},"This is useful when you want to skip earlier items and find a later match.",[134,65219,65221],{"id":65220},"what-happens-if-the-value-is-missing","What happens if the value is missing",[20,65223,65224,65225,94],{},"If the value is not in the list, Python raises a ",[15,65226,40315],{},[20,65228,515],{},[30,65230,65232],{"className":32,"code":65231,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(items.index(\"orange\"))\n",[15,65233,65234,65266],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65235,65236,65238,65240,65242,65244,65246,65248,65250,65252,65254,65256,65258,65260,65262,65264],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65237,7397],{"class":45},[39,65239,50],{"class":49},[39,65241,3249],{"class":53},[39,65243,244],{"class":243},[39,65245,377],{"class":247},[39,65247,244],{"class":243},[39,65249,61],{"class":53},[39,65251,255],{"class":243},[39,65253,386],{"class":247},[39,65255,244],{"class":243},[39,65257,61],{"class":53},[39,65259,255],{"class":243},[39,65261,3720],{"class":247},[39,65263,244],{"class":243},[39,65265,3262],{"class":53},[39,65267,65268,65270,65272,65274,65276,65278,65280,65282,65284,65286],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,65269,113],{"class":112},[39,65271,101],{"class":53},[39,65273,7426],{"class":97},[39,65275,94],{"class":53},[39,65277,1431],{"class":97},[39,65279,101],{"class":53},[39,65281,244],{"class":243},[39,65283,403],{"class":247},[39,65285,244],{"class":243},[39,65287,1026],{"class":53},[20,65289,39264,65290,65293],{},[15,65291,65292],{},"\"orange\""," is not in the list.",[20,65295,65296],{},"A safer approach is to check first:",[30,65298,65300],{"className":32,"code":65299,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nsearch_value = \"orange\"\n\nif search_value in items:\n    print(items.index(search_value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Item not found\")\n",[15,65301,65302,65334,65347,65351,65364,65383,65389],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65303,65304,65306,65308,65310,65312,65314,65316,65318,65320,65322,65324,65326,65328,65330,65332],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65305,7397],{"class":45},[39,65307,50],{"class":49},[39,65309,3249],{"class":53},[39,65311,244],{"class":243},[39,65313,377],{"class":247},[39,65315,244],{"class":243},[39,65317,61],{"class":53},[39,65319,255],{"class":243},[39,65321,386],{"class":247},[39,65323,244],{"class":243},[39,65325,61],{"class":53},[39,65327,255],{"class":243},[39,65329,3720],{"class":247},[39,65331,244],{"class":243},[39,65333,3262],{"class":53},[39,65335,65336,65339,65341,65343,65345],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,65337,65338],{"class":45},"search_value ",[39,65340,50],{"class":49},[39,65342,255],{"class":243},[39,65344,403],{"class":247},[39,65346,2983],{"class":243},[39,65348,65349],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,65350,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,65352,65353,65355,65358,65360,65362],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,65354,511],{"class":572},[39,65356,65357],{"class":45}," search_value ",[39,65359,1128],{"class":49},[39,65361,5582],{"class":45},[39,65363,598],{"class":53},[39,65365,65366,65368,65370,65372,65374,65376,65378,65381],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,65367,603],{"class":112},[39,65369,101],{"class":53},[39,65371,7426],{"class":97},[39,65373,94],{"class":53},[39,65375,1431],{"class":97},[39,65377,101],{"class":53},[39,65379,65380],{"class":97},"search_value",[39,65382,1026],{"class":53},[39,65384,65385,65387],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,65386,27046],{"class":572},[39,65388,598],{"class":53},[39,65390,65391,65393,65395,65397,65400,65402],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,65392,603],{"class":112},[39,65394,101],{"class":53},[39,65396,244],{"class":243},[39,65398,65399],{"class":247},"Item not found",[39,65401,244],{"class":243},[39,65403,80],{"class":53},[20,65405,458],{},[30,65407,65409],{"className":32,"code":65408,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Item not found\n",[15,65410,65411],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65412,65413,65416,65418],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65414,65415],{"class":45},"Item ",[39,65417,4254],{"class":49},[39,65419,65420],{"class":45}," found\n",[20,65422,65423],{},"This avoids the error and makes your code easier to understand.",[20,65425,65426,65427,94],{},"If you want more help with this kind of problem, see ",[173,65428,65430],{"href":65429},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes","ValueError in Python: causes and fixes",[134,65432,4141],{"id":4140},[20,65434,20823,65435,145],{},[15,65436,64457],{},[147,65438,65439,65457,65469,65529],{},[150,65440,25386,65441,476,65443,65446,65447,65449,65450,926,65452,65454,65455,94],{},[15,65442,1302],{},[15,65444,65445],{},"-1"," if the item is missing",[1446,65448],{},"\nPython does ",[3367,65451,4254],{},[15,65453,65445],{},". It raises ",[15,65456,40315],{},[150,65458,65459,65460,65462,65465,65466,65468],{},"Confusing the item value with the item position",[1446,65461],{},[15,65463,65464],{},"my_list.index(\"banana\")"," returns the position of ",[15,65467,64866],{},", not the value itself.",[150,65470,948,65471,10705,65474,65476,65478,65479,16268,65481,65504,16256,65506],{},[15,65472,65473],{},"index[]",[15,65475,1302],{},[1446,65477],{},"\nThis is a method call, so you must use parentheses.",[1446,65480],{},[30,65482,65484],{"className":32,"code":65483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items.index(\"banana\")\n",[15,65485,65486],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65487,65488,65490,65492,65494,65496,65498,65500,65502],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65489,7426],{"class":45},[39,65491,94],{"class":53},[39,65493,1431],{"class":97},[39,65495,101],{"class":53},[39,65497,244],{"class":243},[39,65499,386],{"class":247},[39,65501,244],{"class":243},[39,65503,80],{"class":53},[1446,65505],{},[30,65507,65509],{"className":32,"code":65508,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items.index[\"banana\"]\n",[15,65510,65511],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65512,65513,65515,65517,65519,65521,65523,65525,65527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65514,7426],{"class":45},[39,65516,94],{"class":53},[39,65518,1431],{"class":997},[39,65520,3525],{"class":53},[39,65522,244],{"class":243},[39,65524,386],{"class":247},[39,65526,244],{"class":243},[39,65528,3262],{"class":53},[150,65530,65531,65532,65534,796,65537,65539,65540],{},"Searching with the wrong type",[1446,65533],{},[15,65535,65536],{},"\"3\"",[15,65538,479],{}," are different values in Python.",[30,65541,65543],{"className":32,"code":65542,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\"3\" in numbers)  # False\n",[15,65544,65545,65565],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65546,65547,65549,65551,65553,65555,65557,65559,65561,65563],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65548,46],{"class":45},[39,65550,50],{"class":49},[39,65552,3249],{"class":53},[39,65554,58],{"class":57},[39,65556,61],{"class":53},[39,65558,64],{"class":57},[39,65560,61],{"class":53},[39,65562,73],{"class":57},[39,65564,3262],{"class":53},[39,65566,65567,65569,65571,65573,65575,65577,65579,65581,65583],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,65568,113],{"class":112},[39,65570,101],{"class":53},[39,65572,244],{"class":243},[39,65574,479],{"class":247},[39,65576,244],{"class":243},[39,65578,1149],{"class":572},[39,65580,91],{"class":97},[39,65582,121],{"class":53},[39,65584,4395],{"class":124},[20,65586,65587],{},"If your code is not working, these quick checks can help:",[30,65589,65591],{"className":32,"code":65590,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(search_value))\nprint(search_value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.index(search_value))\n",[15,65592,65593,65603,65617,65631],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65594,65595,65597,65599,65601],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65596,113],{"class":112},[39,65598,101],{"class":53},[39,65600,7955],{"class":97},[39,65602,80],{"class":53},[39,65604,65605,65607,65609,65611,65613,65615],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,65606,113],{"class":112},[39,65608,101],{"class":53},[39,65610,2845],{"class":2523},[39,65612,101],{"class":53},[39,65614,65380],{"class":97},[39,65616,1026],{"class":53},[39,65618,65619,65621,65623,65625,65627,65629],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,65620,113],{"class":112},[39,65622,101],{"class":53},[39,65624,65338],{"class":97},[39,65626,1128],{"class":572},[39,65628,8012],{"class":97},[39,65630,80],{"class":53},[39,65632,65633,65635,65637,65639,65641,65643,65645,65647],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,65634,113],{"class":112},[39,65636,101],{"class":53},[39,65638,7955],{"class":97},[39,65640,94],{"class":53},[39,65642,1431],{"class":97},[39,65644,101],{"class":53},[39,65646,65380],{"class":97},[39,65648,1026],{"class":53},[20,65650,65651],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will still raise an error if the value is missing.",[20,65653,65654],{},"Common causes of problems include:",[147,65656,65657,65660,65667,65673],{},[150,65658,65659],{},"The searched value is not in the list",[150,65661,65662,65663,10705,65665],{},"The value exists but has a different type, such as ",[15,65664,65536],{},[15,65666,479],{},[150,65668,65669,65670,65672],{},"The code expects all matches, but ",[15,65671,1302],{}," returns only the first one",[150,65674,65675],{},"Parentheses were forgotten when calling the method",[134,65677,4584,65679],{"id":65678},"when-to-use-index",[15,65680,1302],{},[20,65682,128,65683,10214],{},[15,65684,1302],{},[147,65686,65687,65690,65693],{},[150,65688,65689],{},"You need the position of a known value",[150,65691,65692],{},"You are working with a small list",[150,65694,65695],{},"You only need the first matching position",[20,65697,65698],{},"Do not use it when you need every matching position. In that case, a loop or list comprehension is a better choice.",[134,65700,1454],{"id":1453},[223,65702,1458,65704,1461],{"id":65703},"what-does-listindex-return-in-python",[15,65705,64457],{},[20,65707,65708],{},"It returns the index of the first matching item in the list.",[223,65710,1468,65712,926,65714,65716],{"id":65711},"does-listindex-return-1-if-the-value-is-not-found",[15,65713,64457],{},[15,65715,65445],{}," if the value is not found?",[20,65718,65719,65720,6247],{},"No. It raises ",[15,65721,40315],{},[223,65723,1487,65725,65727],{"id":65724},"can-listindex-find-all-matching-items",[15,65726,64457],{}," find all matching items?",[20,65729,65730],{},"No. It returns only the first match.",[223,65732,65734,65735,929],{"id":65733},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-list-with-index","Can I search only part of a list with ",[15,65736,1302],{},[20,65738,65739,65740,796,65742,65744],{},"Yes. You can use the optional ",[15,65741,35687],{},[15,65743,52263],{}," arguments.",[134,65746,1514],{"id":1513},[147,65748,65749,65753,65757,65761],{},[150,65750,65751],{},[173,65752,1548],{"href":64887},[150,65754,65755],{},[173,65756,52374],{"href":54171},[150,65758,65759],{},[173,65760,65430],{"href":65429},[150,65762,65763],{},[173,65764,55121,65765,1533],{"href":58617},[15,65766,17],{},[1550,65768,65769],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":65771},[65772,65773,65775,65776,65777,65778,65779,65781,65782,65783,65785,65795],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":64554,"depth":83,"text":65774},"What list.index() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":482,"depth":83,"text":483},{"id":64762,"depth":83,"text":64763},{"id":64891,"depth":83,"text":64892},{"id":64997,"depth":83,"text":65780},"Using start and end",{"id":65220,"depth":83,"text":65221},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141},{"id":65678,"depth":83,"text":65784},"When to use index()",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":65786},[65787,65789,65791,65793],{"id":65703,"depth":109,"text":65788},"What does list.index() return in Python?",{"id":65711,"depth":109,"text":65790},"Does list.index() return -1 if the value is not found?",{"id":65724,"depth":109,"text":65792},"Can list.index() find all matching items?",{"id":65733,"depth":109,"text":65794},"Can I search only part of a list with index()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-index-method",{"title":64445,"description":65796},"reference\u002Fpython-list-index-method","AmwxQ3VBBVSHTCmxaOPqq2Gy26F_doVR46oMWCVmI50",{"id":65803,"title":65804,"body":65805,"description":67747,"extension":1587,"meta":67748,"navigation":420,"path":67749,"seo":67750,"stem":67751,"__hash__":67752},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method.md","Python List insert() Method",{"type":7,"value":65806,"toc":67707},[65807,65812,65817,65820,65829,65886,65892,65897,65901,65915,65921,65923,65946,65963,65965,66026,66028,66060,66073,66075,66078,66178,66180,66258,66264,66268,66276,66280,66286,66341,66343,66367,66371,66374,66427,66429,66453,66457,66460,66513,66515,66539,66543,66549,66620,66622,66663,66669,66676,66679,66684,66692,66697,66705,66707,66804,66806,66875,66882,66887,66889,66893,66898,66900,66971,66973,67002,67008,67010,67037,67040,67063,67067,67070,67092,67095,67118,67120,67180,67182,67214,67220,67225,67278,67280,67305,67308,67357,67359,67380,67384,67389,67392,67447,67449,67476,67483,67487,67492,67563,67566,67580,67585,67590,67592,67606,67618,67623,67625,67630,67635,67639,67642,67648,67654,67661,67669,67671,67704],[10,65808,53943,65810,18],{"id":65809},"python-list-insert-method",[15,65811,53869],{},[20,65813,65814,65816],{},[15,65815,53513],{}," adds an item to a list at a specific position.",[20,65818,65819],{},"This method is useful when the position matters. For example, you may want to add a new value at the beginning of a list, in the middle, or just before the last item.",[20,65821,128,65822,65824,65825,94],{},[15,65823,53869],{}," when you need to place an item at a chosen index. If you only want to add an item at the end, see the ",[173,65826,55121,65827,1533],{"href":56370},[15,65828,52255],{},[30,65830,65832],{"className":32,"code":65831,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 4]\nnumbers.insert(2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n# [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,65833,65834,65854,65872,65882],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65835,65836,65838,65840,65842,65844,65846,65848,65850,65852],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65837,46],{"class":45},[39,65839,50],{"class":49},[39,65841,3249],{"class":53},[39,65843,58],{"class":57},[39,65845,61],{"class":53},[39,65847,64],{"class":57},[39,65849,61],{"class":53},[39,65851,2080],{"class":57},[39,65853,3262],{"class":53},[39,65855,65856,65858,65860,65862,65864,65866,65868,65870],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,65857,992],{"class":45},[39,65859,94],{"class":53},[39,65861,53553],{"class":97},[39,65863,101],{"class":53},[39,65865,104],{"class":57},[39,65867,61],{"class":53},[39,65869,73],{"class":57},[39,65871,80],{"class":53},[39,65873,65874,65876,65878,65880],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,65875,113],{"class":112},[39,65877,101],{"class":53},[39,65879,992],{"class":97},[39,65881,80],{"class":53},[39,65883,65884],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,65885,52326],{"class":124},[20,65887,128,65888,65891],{},[15,65889,65890],{},"list.insert(index, value)"," to add an item at a specific position.",[134,65893,137,65895,140],{"id":65894},"what-listinsert-does",[15,65896,53513],{},[20,65898,65899,145],{},[15,65900,53513],{},[147,65902,65903,65906,65909,65911],{},[150,65904,65905],{},"Adds one item into a list at a chosen position",[150,65907,65908],{},"Shifts existing items to the right",[150,65910,54029],{},[150,65912,494,65913],{},[15,65914,3403],{},[20,65916,65917,65918,65920],{},"That last point is important. ",[15,65919,53869],{}," does not create a new list.",[134,65922,5047],{"id":5046},[30,65924,65926],{"className":32,"code":65925,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.insert(index, item)\n",[15,65927,65928],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65929,65930,65932,65934,65936,65938,65940,65942,65944],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65931,7955],{"class":45},[39,65933,94],{"class":53},[39,65935,53553],{"class":97},[39,65937,101],{"class":53},[39,65939,1431],{"class":97},[39,65941,61],{"class":53},[39,65943,29119],{"class":97},[39,65945,80],{"class":53},[147,65947,65948,65953,65958],{},[150,65949,65950,65952],{},[15,65951,1431],{}," is the position where the new item should go",[150,65954,65955,65957],{},[15,65956,22922],{}," is the value to add",[150,65959,65960,65961],{},"The first list position is index ",[15,65962,221],{},[20,65964,515],{},[30,65966,65968],{"className":32,"code":65967,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"c\"]\nletters.insert(1, \"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,65969,65970,65994,66016],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,65971,65972,65974,65976,65978,65980,65982,65984,65986,65988,65990,65992],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,65973,1053],{"class":45},[39,65975,50],{"class":49},[39,65977,3249],{"class":53},[39,65979,244],{"class":243},[39,65981,173],{"class":247},[39,65983,244],{"class":243},[39,65985,61],{"class":53},[39,65987,255],{"class":243},[39,65989,9352],{"class":247},[39,65991,244],{"class":243},[39,65993,3262],{"class":53},[39,65995,65996,65998,66000,66002,66004,66006,66008,66010,66012,66014],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,65997,35757],{"class":45},[39,65999,94],{"class":53},[39,66001,53553],{"class":97},[39,66003,101],{"class":53},[39,66005,58],{"class":57},[39,66007,61],{"class":53},[39,66009,255],{"class":243},[39,66011,1070],{"class":247},[39,66013,244],{"class":243},[39,66015,80],{"class":53},[39,66017,66018,66020,66022,66024],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,66019,113],{"class":112},[39,66021,101],{"class":53},[39,66023,35757],{"class":97},[39,66025,80],{"class":53},[20,66027,458],{},[30,66029,66030],{"className":32,"code":42483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,66031,66032],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66033,66034,66036,66038,66040,66042,66044,66046,66048,66050,66052,66054,66056,66058],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66035,3525],{"class":53},[39,66037,629],{"class":243},[39,66039,173],{"class":247},[39,66041,629],{"class":243},[39,66043,61],{"class":53},[39,66045,2920],{"class":243},[39,66047,1070],{"class":247},[39,66049,629],{"class":243},[39,66051,61],{"class":53},[39,66053,2920],{"class":243},[39,66055,9352],{"class":247},[39,66057,629],{"class":243},[39,66059,3262],{"class":53},[20,66061,20383,66062,66064,66065,66067,66068,796,66070,94],{},[15,66063,65186],{}," is inserted at index ",[15,66066,58],{},", so it appears between ",[15,66069,17708],{},[15,66071,66072],{},"\"c\"",[134,66074,5403],{"id":5402},[20,66076,66077],{},"Here is a simple before-and-after example:",[30,66079,66081],{"className":32,"code":66080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\"Before:\", colors)\n\ncolors.insert(1, \"yellow\")\nprint(\"After: \", colors)\n",[15,66082,66083,66115,66133,66137,66159],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66084,66085,66087,66089,66091,66093,66095,66097,66099,66101,66103,66105,66107,66109,66111,66113],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66086,236],{"class":45},[39,66088,50],{"class":49},[39,66090,3249],{"class":53},[39,66092,244],{"class":243},[39,66094,248],{"class":247},[39,66096,244],{"class":243},[39,66098,61],{"class":53},[39,66100,255],{"class":243},[39,66102,258],{"class":247},[39,66104,244],{"class":243},[39,66106,61],{"class":53},[39,66108,255],{"class":243},[39,66110,275],{"class":247},[39,66112,244],{"class":243},[39,66114,3262],{"class":53},[39,66116,66117,66119,66121,66123,66125,66127,66129,66131],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66118,113],{"class":112},[39,66120,101],{"class":53},[39,66122,244],{"class":243},[39,66124,11175],{"class":247},[39,66126,244],{"class":243},[39,66128,61],{"class":53},[39,66130,12733],{"class":97},[39,66132,80],{"class":53},[39,66134,66135],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,66136,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,66138,66139,66141,66143,66145,66147,66149,66151,66153,66155,66157],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,66140,288],{"class":45},[39,66142,94],{"class":53},[39,66144,53553],{"class":97},[39,66146,101],{"class":53},[39,66148,58],{"class":57},[39,66150,61],{"class":53},[39,66152,255],{"class":243},[39,66154,325],{"class":247},[39,66156,244],{"class":243},[39,66158,80],{"class":53},[39,66160,66161,66163,66165,66167,66170,66172,66174,66176],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,66162,113],{"class":112},[39,66164,101],{"class":53},[39,66166,244],{"class":243},[39,66168,66169],{"class":247},"After: ",[39,66171,244],{"class":243},[39,66173,61],{"class":53},[39,66175,12733],{"class":97},[39,66177,80],{"class":53},[20,66179,458],{},[30,66181,66183],{"className":32,"code":66182,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Before: ['red', 'blue', 'green']\nAfter:  ['red', 'yellow', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,66184,66185,66217],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66186,66187,66189,66191,66193,66195,66197,66199,66201,66203,66205,66207,66209,66211,66213,66215],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66188,11235],{"class":45},[39,66190,145],{"class":53},[39,66192,3249],{"class":53},[39,66194,629],{"class":243},[39,66196,248],{"class":247},[39,66198,629],{"class":243},[39,66200,61],{"class":53},[39,66202,2920],{"class":243},[39,66204,258],{"class":247},[39,66206,629],{"class":243},[39,66208,61],{"class":53},[39,66210,2920],{"class":243},[39,66212,275],{"class":247},[39,66214,629],{"class":243},[39,66216,3262],{"class":53},[39,66218,66219,66221,66223,66226,66228,66230,66232,66234,66236,66238,66240,66242,66244,66246,66248,66250,66252,66254,66256],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66220,11288],{"class":45},[39,66222,145],{"class":53},[39,66224,66225],{"class":53},"  [",[39,66227,629],{"class":243},[39,66229,248],{"class":247},[39,66231,629],{"class":243},[39,66233,61],{"class":53},[39,66235,2920],{"class":243},[39,66237,325],{"class":247},[39,66239,629],{"class":243},[39,66241,61],{"class":53},[39,66243,2920],{"class":243},[39,66245,258],{"class":247},[39,66247,629],{"class":243},[39,66249,61],{"class":53},[39,66251,2920],{"class":243},[39,66253,275],{"class":247},[39,66255,629],{"class":243},[39,66257,3262],{"class":53},[20,66259,66260,66261,66263],{},"The new value appears at index ",[15,66262,58],{},". The existing items from that position onward move one place to the right.",[134,66265,66267],{"id":66266},"how-the-index-works","How the index works",[20,66269,1604,66270,34945,66272,66275],{},[15,66271,1431],{},[15,66273,66274],{},"insert(index, item)"," controls where the new item is placed.",[223,66277,66279],{"id":66278},"insert-at-the-beginning","Insert at the beginning",[20,66281,66282,66283,66285],{},"Use index ",[15,66284,221],{}," to add an item at the start of the list.",[30,66287,66289],{"className":32,"code":66288,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nums = [2, 3, 4]\nnums.insert(0, 1)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66290,66291,66312,66331],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66292,66293,66296,66298,66300,66302,66304,66306,66308,66310],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66294,66295],{"class":45},"nums ",[39,66297,50],{"class":49},[39,66299,3249],{"class":53},[39,66301,104],{"class":57},[39,66303,61],{"class":53},[39,66305,73],{"class":57},[39,66307,61],{"class":53},[39,66309,2080],{"class":57},[39,66311,3262],{"class":53},[39,66313,66314,66317,66319,66321,66323,66325,66327,66329],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66315,66316],{"class":45},"nums",[39,66318,94],{"class":53},[39,66320,53553],{"class":97},[39,66322,101],{"class":53},[39,66324,221],{"class":57},[39,66326,61],{"class":53},[39,66328,595],{"class":57},[39,66330,80],{"class":53},[39,66332,66333,66335,66337,66339],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,66334,113],{"class":112},[39,66336,101],{"class":53},[39,66338,66316],{"class":97},[39,66340,80],{"class":53},[20,66342,458],{},[30,66344,66345],{"className":32,"code":53107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,66346,66347],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66348,66349,66351,66353,66355,66357,66359,66361,66363,66365],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66350,3525],{"class":53},[39,66352,58],{"class":57},[39,66354,61],{"class":53},[39,66356,64],{"class":57},[39,66358,61],{"class":53},[39,66360,73],{"class":57},[39,66362,61],{"class":53},[39,66364,2080],{"class":57},[39,66366,3262],{"class":53},[223,66368,66370],{"id":66369},"insert-in-the-middle","Insert in the middle",[20,66372,66373],{},"A middle index inserts between existing items.",[30,66375,66377],{"className":32,"code":66376,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nums = [1, 2, 4]\nnums.insert(2, 3)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66378,66379,66399,66417],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66380,66381,66383,66385,66387,66389,66391,66393,66395,66397],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66382,66295],{"class":45},[39,66384,50],{"class":49},[39,66386,3249],{"class":53},[39,66388,58],{"class":57},[39,66390,61],{"class":53},[39,66392,64],{"class":57},[39,66394,61],{"class":53},[39,66396,2080],{"class":57},[39,66398,3262],{"class":53},[39,66400,66401,66403,66405,66407,66409,66411,66413,66415],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66402,66316],{"class":45},[39,66404,94],{"class":53},[39,66406,53553],{"class":97},[39,66408,101],{"class":53},[39,66410,104],{"class":57},[39,66412,61],{"class":53},[39,66414,73],{"class":57},[39,66416,80],{"class":53},[39,66418,66419,66421,66423,66425],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,66420,113],{"class":112},[39,66422,101],{"class":53},[39,66424,66316],{"class":97},[39,66426,80],{"class":53},[20,66428,458],{},[30,66430,66431],{"className":32,"code":53107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,66432,66433],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66434,66435,66437,66439,66441,66443,66445,66447,66449,66451],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66436,3525],{"class":53},[39,66438,58],{"class":57},[39,66440,61],{"class":53},[39,66442,64],{"class":57},[39,66444,61],{"class":53},[39,66446,73],{"class":57},[39,66448,61],{"class":53},[39,66450,2080],{"class":57},[39,66452,3262],{"class":53},[223,66454,66456],{"id":66455},"insert-past-the-end","Insert past the end",[20,66458,66459],{},"If the index is greater than the list length, Python adds the item at the end.",[30,66461,66463],{"className":32,"code":66462,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nums = [1, 2, 3]\nnums.insert(10, 4)\nprint(nums)\n",[15,66464,66465,66485,66503],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66466,66467,66469,66471,66473,66475,66477,66479,66481,66483],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66468,66295],{"class":45},[39,66470,50],{"class":49},[39,66472,3249],{"class":53},[39,66474,58],{"class":57},[39,66476,61],{"class":53},[39,66478,64],{"class":57},[39,66480,61],{"class":53},[39,66482,73],{"class":57},[39,66484,3262],{"class":53},[39,66486,66487,66489,66491,66493,66495,66497,66499,66501],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66488,66316],{"class":45},[39,66490,94],{"class":53},[39,66492,53553],{"class":97},[39,66494,101],{"class":53},[39,66496,682],{"class":57},[39,66498,61],{"class":53},[39,66500,2080],{"class":57},[39,66502,80],{"class":53},[39,66504,66505,66507,66509,66511],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,66506,113],{"class":112},[39,66508,101],{"class":53},[39,66510,66316],{"class":97},[39,66512,80],{"class":53},[20,66514,458],{},[30,66516,66517],{"className":32,"code":53107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,66518,66519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66520,66521,66523,66525,66527,66529,66531,66533,66535,66537],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66522,3525],{"class":53},[39,66524,58],{"class":57},[39,66526,61],{"class":53},[39,66528,64],{"class":57},[39,66530,61],{"class":53},[39,66532,73],{"class":57},[39,66534,61],{"class":53},[39,66536,2080],{"class":57},[39,66538,3262],{"class":53},[223,66540,66542],{"id":66541},"use-a-negative-index","Use a negative index",[20,66544,66545,66546,66548],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. ",[15,66547,53869],{}," places the item before that position.",[30,66550,66552],{"className":32,"code":66551,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"d\"]\nletters.insert(-1, \"c\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,66553,66554,66586,66610],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66555,66556,66558,66560,66562,66564,66566,66568,66570,66572,66574,66576,66578,66580,66582,66584],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66557,1053],{"class":45},[39,66559,50],{"class":49},[39,66561,3249],{"class":53},[39,66563,244],{"class":243},[39,66565,173],{"class":247},[39,66567,244],{"class":243},[39,66569,61],{"class":53},[39,66571,255],{"class":243},[39,66573,1070],{"class":247},[39,66575,244],{"class":243},[39,66577,61],{"class":53},[39,66579,255],{"class":243},[39,66581,18380],{"class":247},[39,66583,244],{"class":243},[39,66585,3262],{"class":53},[39,66587,66588,66590,66592,66594,66596,66598,66600,66602,66604,66606,66608],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66589,35757],{"class":45},[39,66591,94],{"class":53},[39,66593,53553],{"class":97},[39,66595,101],{"class":53},[39,66597,1648],{"class":49},[39,66599,58],{"class":57},[39,66601,61],{"class":53},[39,66603,255],{"class":243},[39,66605,9352],{"class":247},[39,66607,244],{"class":243},[39,66609,80],{"class":53},[39,66611,66612,66614,66616,66618],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,66613,113],{"class":112},[39,66615,101],{"class":53},[39,66617,35757],{"class":97},[39,66619,80],{"class":53},[20,66621,458],{},[30,66623,66625],{"className":32,"code":66624,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,66626,66627],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66628,66629,66631,66633,66635,66637,66639,66641,66643,66645,66647,66649,66651,66653,66655,66657,66659,66661],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66630,3525],{"class":53},[39,66632,629],{"class":243},[39,66634,173],{"class":247},[39,66636,629],{"class":243},[39,66638,61],{"class":53},[39,66640,2920],{"class":243},[39,66642,1070],{"class":247},[39,66644,629],{"class":243},[39,66646,61],{"class":53},[39,66648,2920],{"class":243},[39,66650,9352],{"class":247},[39,66652,629],{"class":243},[39,66654,61],{"class":53},[39,66656,2920],{"class":243},[39,66658,18380],{"class":247},[39,66660,629],{"class":243},[39,66662,3262],{"class":53},[20,66664,66665,66666,1928],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with list positions, the ",[173,66667,66668],{"href":50585},"Python lists beginner guide",[134,66670,66672,10198,66674],{"id":66671},"insert-vs-append",[15,66673,53869],{},[15,66675,52255],{},[20,66677,66678],{},"These methods both add items to a list, but they do different jobs.",[223,66680,128,66682,10214],{"id":66681},"use-insert-when",[15,66683,53869],{},[147,66685,66686,66689],{},[150,66687,66688],{},"You want to add an item at a specific position",[150,66690,66691],{},"The order of the list matters",[223,66693,128,66695,10214],{"id":66694},"use-append-when",[15,66696,52255],{},[147,66698,66699,66702],{},[150,66700,66701],{},"You want to add an item only at the end",[150,66703,66704],{},"You do not need to choose a position",[20,66706,515],{},[30,66708,66710],{"className":32,"code":66709,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"orange\"]\n\nitems.insert(1, \"banana\")\nprint(items)\n\nitems.append(\"grape\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,66711,66712,66736,66740,66762,66772,66776,66794],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66713,66714,66716,66718,66720,66722,66724,66726,66728,66730,66732,66734],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66715,7397],{"class":45},[39,66717,50],{"class":49},[39,66719,3249],{"class":53},[39,66721,244],{"class":243},[39,66723,377],{"class":247},[39,66725,244],{"class":243},[39,66727,61],{"class":53},[39,66729,255],{"class":243},[39,66731,403],{"class":247},[39,66733,244],{"class":243},[39,66735,3262],{"class":53},[39,66737,66738],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66739,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,66741,66742,66744,66746,66748,66750,66752,66754,66756,66758,66760],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,66743,7426],{"class":45},[39,66745,94],{"class":53},[39,66747,53553],{"class":97},[39,66749,101],{"class":53},[39,66751,58],{"class":57},[39,66753,61],{"class":53},[39,66755,255],{"class":243},[39,66757,386],{"class":247},[39,66759,244],{"class":243},[39,66761,80],{"class":53},[39,66763,66764,66766,66768,66770],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,66765,113],{"class":112},[39,66767,101],{"class":53},[39,66769,7426],{"class":97},[39,66771,80],{"class":53},[39,66773,66774],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,66775,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,66777,66778,66780,66782,66784,66786,66788,66790,66792],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,66779,7426],{"class":45},[39,66781,94],{"class":53},[39,66783,13163],{"class":97},[39,66785,101],{"class":53},[39,66787,244],{"class":243},[39,66789,22144],{"class":247},[39,66791,244],{"class":243},[39,66793,80],{"class":53},[39,66795,66796,66798,66800,66802],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,66797,113],{"class":112},[39,66799,101],{"class":53},[39,66801,7426],{"class":97},[39,66803,80],{"class":53},[20,66805,458],{},[30,66807,66809],{"className":32,"code":66808,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n['apple', 'banana', 'orange', 'grape']\n",[15,66810,66811,66839],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66812,66813,66815,66817,66819,66821,66823,66825,66827,66829,66831,66833,66835,66837],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66814,3525],{"class":53},[39,66816,629],{"class":243},[39,66818,377],{"class":247},[39,66820,629],{"class":243},[39,66822,61],{"class":53},[39,66824,2920],{"class":243},[39,66826,386],{"class":247},[39,66828,629],{"class":243},[39,66830,61],{"class":53},[39,66832,2920],{"class":243},[39,66834,403],{"class":247},[39,66836,629],{"class":243},[39,66838,3262],{"class":53},[39,66840,66841,66843,66845,66847,66849,66851,66853,66855,66857,66859,66861,66863,66865,66867,66869,66871,66873],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66842,3525],{"class":53},[39,66844,629],{"class":243},[39,66846,377],{"class":247},[39,66848,629],{"class":243},[39,66850,61],{"class":53},[39,66852,2920],{"class":243},[39,66854,386],{"class":247},[39,66856,629],{"class":243},[39,66858,61],{"class":53},[39,66860,2920],{"class":243},[39,66862,403],{"class":247},[39,66864,629],{"class":243},[39,66866,61],{"class":53},[39,66868,2920],{"class":243},[39,66870,22144],{"class":247},[39,66872,629],{"class":243},[39,66874,3262],{"class":53},[20,66876,66877,66878,94],{},"For the full method details, see the ",[173,66879,55121,66880,1533],{"href":56370},[15,66881,52255],{},[20,66883,66884,66885,94],{},"If your goal is the task itself rather than the method details, see ",[173,66886,52651],{"href":52650},[134,66888,4141],{"id":4140},[20,66890,14344,66891,94],{},[15,66892,53869],{},[223,66894,12206,66896],{"id":66895},"assigning-the-result-of-insert",[15,66897,53869],{},[20,66899,25302],{},[30,66901,66903],{"className":32,"code":66902,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,66904,66905,66925,66947,66951,66961],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66906,66907,66909,66911,66913,66915,66917,66919,66921,66923],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66908,46],{"class":45},[39,66910,50],{"class":49},[39,66912,3249],{"class":53},[39,66914,58],{"class":57},[39,66916,61],{"class":53},[39,66918,64],{"class":57},[39,66920,61],{"class":53},[39,66922,73],{"class":57},[39,66924,3262],{"class":53},[39,66926,66927,66929,66931,66933,66935,66937,66939,66941,66943,66945],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66928,86],{"class":45},[39,66930,50],{"class":49},[39,66932,91],{"class":45},[39,66934,94],{"class":53},[39,66936,53553],{"class":97},[39,66938,101],{"class":53},[39,66940,58],{"class":57},[39,66942,61],{"class":53},[39,66944,9809],{"class":57},[39,66946,80],{"class":53},[39,66948,66949],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,66950,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,66952,66953,66955,66957,66959],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,66954,113],{"class":112},[39,66956,101],{"class":53},[39,66958,118],{"class":97},[39,66960,80],{"class":53},[39,66962,66963,66965,66967,66969],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,66964,113],{"class":112},[39,66966,101],{"class":53},[39,66968,992],{"class":97},[39,66970,80],{"class":53},[20,66972,458],{},[30,66974,66976],{"className":32,"code":66975,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,66977,66978,66982],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,66979,66980],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,66981,11420],{"class":3477},[39,66983,66984,66986,66988,66990,66992,66994,66996,66998,67000],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,66985,3525],{"class":53},[39,66987,58],{"class":57},[39,66989,61],{"class":53},[39,66991,9809],{"class":57},[39,66993,61],{"class":53},[39,66995,64],{"class":57},[39,66997,61],{"class":53},[39,66999,73],{"class":57},[39,67001,3262],{"class":53},[20,67003,67004,53754,67006,94],{},[15,67005,53869],{},[15,67007,3403],{},[20,67009,16256],{},[30,67011,67013],{"className":32,"code":67012,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"new_list = numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67014,67015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67016,67017,67019,67021,67023,67025,67027,67029,67031,67033,67035],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67018,55491],{"class":45},[39,67020,50],{"class":49},[39,67022,91],{"class":45},[39,67024,94],{"class":53},[39,67026,53553],{"class":97},[39,67028,101],{"class":53},[39,67030,58],{"class":57},[39,67032,61],{"class":53},[39,67034,9809],{"class":57},[39,67036,80],{"class":53},[20,67038,67039],{},"Right:",[30,67041,67043],{"className":32,"code":67042,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers.insert(1, 99)\n",[15,67044,67045],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67046,67047,67049,67051,67053,67055,67057,67059,67061],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67048,992],{"class":45},[39,67050,94],{"class":53},[39,67052,53553],{"class":97},[39,67054,101],{"class":53},[39,67056,58],{"class":57},[39,67058,61],{"class":53},[39,67060,9809],{"class":57},[39,67062,80],{"class":53},[223,67064,67066],{"id":67065},"passing-arguments-in-the-wrong-order","Passing arguments in the wrong order",[20,67068,67069],{},"The correct order is:",[30,67071,67072],{"className":32,"code":65925,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67073,67074],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67075,67076,67078,67080,67082,67084,67086,67088,67090],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67077,7955],{"class":45},[39,67079,94],{"class":53},[39,67081,53553],{"class":97},[39,67083,101],{"class":53},[39,67085,1431],{"class":97},[39,67087,61],{"class":53},[39,67089,29119],{"class":97},[39,67091,80],{"class":53},[20,67093,67094],{},"Not:",[30,67096,67098],{"className":32,"code":67097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.insert(item, index)\n",[15,67099,67100],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67101,67102,67104,67106,67108,67110,67112,67114,67116],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67103,7955],{"class":45},[39,67105,94],{"class":53},[39,67107,53553],{"class":97},[39,67109,101],{"class":53},[39,67111,22922],{"class":97},[39,67113,61],{"class":53},[39,67115,35436],{"class":97},[39,67117,80],{"class":53},[20,67119,515],{},[30,67121,67122],{"className":32,"code":65967,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67123,67124,67148,67170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67125,67126,67128,67130,67132,67134,67136,67138,67140,67142,67144,67146],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67127,1053],{"class":45},[39,67129,50],{"class":49},[39,67131,3249],{"class":53},[39,67133,244],{"class":243},[39,67135,173],{"class":247},[39,67137,244],{"class":243},[39,67139,61],{"class":53},[39,67141,255],{"class":243},[39,67143,9352],{"class":247},[39,67145,244],{"class":243},[39,67147,3262],{"class":53},[39,67149,67150,67152,67154,67156,67158,67160,67162,67164,67166,67168],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,67151,35757],{"class":45},[39,67153,94],{"class":53},[39,67155,53553],{"class":97},[39,67157,101],{"class":53},[39,67159,58],{"class":57},[39,67161,61],{"class":53},[39,67163,255],{"class":243},[39,67165,1070],{"class":247},[39,67167,244],{"class":243},[39,67169,80],{"class":53},[39,67171,67172,67174,67176,67178],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,67173,113],{"class":112},[39,67175,101],{"class":53},[39,67177,35757],{"class":97},[39,67179,80],{"class":53},[20,67181,458],{},[30,67183,67184],{"className":32,"code":42483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67185,67186],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67187,67188,67190,67192,67194,67196,67198,67200,67202,67204,67206,67208,67210,67212],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67189,3525],{"class":53},[39,67191,629],{"class":243},[39,67193,173],{"class":247},[39,67195,629],{"class":243},[39,67197,61],{"class":53},[39,67199,2920],{"class":243},[39,67201,1070],{"class":247},[39,67203,629],{"class":243},[39,67205,61],{"class":53},[39,67207,2920],{"class":243},[39,67209,9352],{"class":247},[39,67211,629],{"class":243},[39,67213,3262],{"class":53},[223,67215,1030,67217,67219],{"id":67216},"expecting-insert-to-replace-an-item",[15,67218,53869],{}," to replace an item",[20,67221,67222,67224],{},[15,67223,53869],{}," does not replace an existing value. It shifts items to the right.",[30,67226,67228],{"className":32,"code":67227,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.insert(1, 99)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67229,67230,67250,67268],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67231,67232,67234,67236,67238,67240,67242,67244,67246,67248],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67233,46],{"class":45},[39,67235,50],{"class":49},[39,67237,3249],{"class":53},[39,67239,58],{"class":57},[39,67241,61],{"class":53},[39,67243,64],{"class":57},[39,67245,61],{"class":53},[39,67247,73],{"class":57},[39,67249,3262],{"class":53},[39,67251,67252,67254,67256,67258,67260,67262,67264,67266],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,67253,992],{"class":45},[39,67255,94],{"class":53},[39,67257,53553],{"class":97},[39,67259,101],{"class":53},[39,67261,58],{"class":57},[39,67263,61],{"class":53},[39,67265,9809],{"class":57},[39,67267,80],{"class":53},[39,67269,67270,67272,67274,67276],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,67271,113],{"class":112},[39,67273,101],{"class":53},[39,67275,992],{"class":97},[39,67277,80],{"class":53},[20,67279,458],{},[30,67281,67283],{"className":32,"code":67282,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 99, 2, 3]\n",[15,67284,67285],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67286,67287,67289,67291,67293,67295,67297,67299,67301,67303],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67288,3525],{"class":53},[39,67290,58],{"class":57},[39,67292,61],{"class":53},[39,67294,9809],{"class":57},[39,67296,61],{"class":53},[39,67298,64],{"class":57},[39,67300,61],{"class":53},[39,67302,73],{"class":57},[39,67304,3262],{"class":53},[20,67306,67307],{},"If you want to replace a value instead, use assignment:",[30,67309,67311],{"className":32,"code":67310,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers[1] = 99\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67312,67313,67333,67347],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67314,67315,67317,67319,67321,67323,67325,67327,67329,67331],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67316,46],{"class":45},[39,67318,50],{"class":49},[39,67320,3249],{"class":53},[39,67322,58],{"class":57},[39,67324,61],{"class":53},[39,67326,64],{"class":57},[39,67328,61],{"class":53},[39,67330,73],{"class":57},[39,67332,3262],{"class":53},[39,67334,67335,67337,67339,67341,67343,67345],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,67336,992],{"class":45},[39,67338,3525],{"class":53},[39,67340,58],{"class":57},[39,67342,12883],{"class":53},[39,67344,12886],{"class":49},[39,67346,13741],{"class":57},[39,67348,67349,67351,67353,67355],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,67350,113],{"class":112},[39,67352,101],{"class":53},[39,67354,992],{"class":97},[39,67356,80],{"class":53},[20,67358,458],{},[30,67360,67362],{"className":32,"code":67361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 99, 3]\n",[15,67363,67364],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67365,67366,67368,67370,67372,67374,67376,67378],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67367,3525],{"class":53},[39,67369,58],{"class":57},[39,67371,61],{"class":53},[39,67373,9809],{"class":57},[39,67375,61],{"class":53},[39,67377,73],{"class":57},[39,67379,3262],{"class":53},[223,67381,67383],{"id":67382},"trying-to-insert-multiple-items-at-once","Trying to insert multiple items at once",[20,67385,67386,67388],{},[15,67387,53869],{}," adds one item each time.",[20,67390,67391],{},"This inserts a single list as one item:",[30,67393,67395],{"className":32,"code":67394,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 4]\nnumbers.insert(1, [2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,67396,67397,67413,67437],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67398,67399,67401,67403,67405,67407,67409,67411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67400,46],{"class":45},[39,67402,50],{"class":49},[39,67404,3249],{"class":53},[39,67406,58],{"class":57},[39,67408,61],{"class":53},[39,67410,2080],{"class":57},[39,67412,3262],{"class":53},[39,67414,67415,67417,67419,67421,67423,67425,67427,67429,67431,67433,67435],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,67416,992],{"class":45},[39,67418,94],{"class":53},[39,67420,53553],{"class":97},[39,67422,101],{"class":53},[39,67424,58],{"class":57},[39,67426,61],{"class":53},[39,67428,3249],{"class":53},[39,67430,104],{"class":57},[39,67432,61],{"class":53},[39,67434,73],{"class":57},[39,67436,3513],{"class":53},[39,67438,67439,67441,67443,67445],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,67440,113],{"class":112},[39,67442,101],{"class":53},[39,67444,992],{"class":97},[39,67446,80],{"class":53},[20,67448,458],{},[30,67450,67452],{"className":32,"code":67451,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, [2, 3], 4]\n",[15,67453,67454],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67455,67456,67458,67460,67462,67464,67466,67468,67470,67472,67474],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67457,3525],{"class":53},[39,67459,58],{"class":57},[39,67461,61],{"class":53},[39,67463,3249],{"class":53},[39,67465,104],{"class":57},[39,67467,61],{"class":53},[39,67469,73],{"class":57},[39,67471,17674],{"class":53},[39,67473,2080],{"class":57},[39,67475,3262],{"class":53},[20,67477,67478,67479,94],{},"If you want to add many items, see the ",[173,67480,55121,67481,1533],{"href":52946},[15,67482,53048],{},[223,67484,67486],{"id":67485},"helpful-checks-while-debugging","Helpful checks while debugging",[20,67488,8487,67489,67491],{},[15,67490,53869],{}," is not doing what you expect, these can help:",[30,67493,67495],{"className":32,"code":67494,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.insert.__doc__)\nhelp(list.insert)\ntype(my_list)\n",[15,67496,67497,67507,67521,67539,67553],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67498,67499,67501,67503,67505],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67500,113],{"class":112},[39,67502,101],{"class":53},[39,67504,7955],{"class":97},[39,67506,80],{"class":53},[39,67508,67509,67511,67513,67515,67517,67519],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,67510,113],{"class":112},[39,67512,101],{"class":53},[39,67514,10775],{"class":112},[39,67516,101],{"class":53},[39,67518,7955],{"class":97},[39,67520,1026],{"class":53},[39,67522,67523,67525,67527,67529,67531,67533,67535,67537],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,67524,113],{"class":112},[39,67526,101],{"class":53},[39,67528,7955],{"class":97},[39,67530,94],{"class":53},[39,67532,53553],{"class":997},[39,67534,94],{"class":53},[39,67536,34060],{"class":34067},[39,67538,80],{"class":53},[39,67540,67541,67543,67545,67547,67549,67551],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,67542,31766],{"class":112},[39,67544,101],{"class":53},[39,67546,7710],{"class":2523},[39,67548,94],{"class":53},[39,67550,53553],{"class":997},[39,67552,80],{"class":53},[39,67554,67555,67557,67559,67561],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,67556,2845],{"class":2523},[39,67558,101],{"class":53},[39,67560,7955],{"class":97},[39,67562,80],{"class":53},[20,67564,67565],{},"These checks can help you confirm:",[147,67567,67568,67571,67574,67577],{},[150,67569,67570],{},"What is currently in the list",[150,67572,67573],{},"How long the list is",[150,67575,67576],{},"That you are working with a real list",[150,67578,67579],{},"How Python describes the method",[134,67581,4584,67583],{"id":67582},"when-to-use-insert",[15,67584,53869],{},[20,67586,128,67587,67589],{},[15,67588,53869],{}," when position matters.",[20,67591,36039],{},[147,67593,67594,67597,67600,67603],{},[150,67595,67596],{},"Ordered menus",[150,67598,67599],{},"Rankings or score lists",[150,67601,67602],{},"Step-by-step manual list building",[150,67604,67605],{},"Inserting a value at the beginning or middle",[20,67607,67608,67609,67611,67612,67614,67615,67617],{},"You usually do ",[3367,67610,4254],{}," need ",[15,67613,53869],{}," when adding only to the end of a list. In that case, ",[15,67616,52255],{}," is simpler.",[20,67619,67620,67621,94],{},"If you need a refresher on making lists before using methods on them, see ",[173,67622,56756],{"href":56755},[134,67624,1454],{"id":1453},[223,67626,1468,67628,55070],{"id":67627},"does-listinsert-return-a-new-list",[15,67629,53513],{},[20,67631,67632,67633,94],{},"No. It changes the existing list and returns ",[15,67634,3403],{},[223,67636,67638],{"id":67637},"what-happens-if-the-index-is-bigger-than-the-list-length","What happens if the index is bigger than the list length?",[20,67640,67641],{},"Python adds the item at the end of the list.",[223,67643,1487,67645,67647],{"id":67644},"can-listinsert-add-multiple-items",[15,67646,53513],{}," add multiple items?",[20,67649,67650,67651,67653],{},"It adds one item each time. To add many items, use ",[15,67652,53048],{}," or slicing.",[223,67655,1497,67657,796,67659,929],{"id":67656},"what-is-the-difference-between-insert-and-append",[15,67658,53869],{},[15,67660,52255],{},[20,67662,67663,67665,67666,67668],{},[15,67664,53869],{}," adds at a chosen position. ",[15,67667,52255],{}," adds only at the end.",[134,67670,1514],{"id":1513},[147,67672,67673,67679,67685,67689,67693,67697],{},[150,67674,67675],{},[173,67676,55121,67677,1533],{"href":56370},[15,67678,52255],{},[150,67680,67681],{},[173,67682,55121,67683,1533],{"href":52946},[15,67684,53048],{},[150,67686,67687],{},[173,67688,53879],{"href":52650},[150,67690,67691],{},[173,67692,52374],{"href":50585},[150,67694,67695],{},[173,67696,56830],{"href":56755},[150,67698,67699],{},[173,67700,29960,67701,33247],{"href":53897},[15,67702,67703],{},"'list' object has no attribute ...",[1550,67705,67706],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":67708},[67709,67711,67712,67713,67719,67726,67735,67737,67746],{"id":65894,"depth":83,"text":67710},"What list.insert() does",{"id":5046,"depth":83,"text":5047},{"id":5402,"depth":83,"text":5403},{"id":66266,"depth":83,"text":66267,"children":67714},[67715,67716,67717,67718],{"id":66278,"depth":109,"text":66279},{"id":66369,"depth":109,"text":66370},{"id":66455,"depth":109,"text":66456},{"id":66541,"depth":109,"text":66542},{"id":66671,"depth":83,"text":67720,"children":67721},"insert() vs append()",[67722,67724],{"id":66681,"depth":109,"text":67723},"Use insert() when:",{"id":66694,"depth":109,"text":67725},"Use append() when:",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":67727},[67728,67730,67731,67733,67734],{"id":66895,"depth":109,"text":67729},"Assigning the result of insert()",{"id":67065,"depth":109,"text":67066},{"id":67216,"depth":109,"text":67732},"Expecting insert() to replace an item",{"id":67382,"depth":109,"text":67383},{"id":67485,"depth":109,"text":67486},{"id":67582,"depth":83,"text":67736},"When to use insert()",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":67738},[67739,67741,67742,67744],{"id":67627,"depth":109,"text":67740},"Does list.insert() return a new list?",{"id":67637,"depth":109,"text":67638},{"id":67644,"depth":109,"text":67743},"Can list.insert() add multiple items?",{"id":67656,"depth":109,"text":67745},"What is the difference between insert() and append()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list insert method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method",{"title":65804,"description":67747},"reference\u002Fpython-list-insert-method","x_dK_NYzoYQLOwms5BtRdF_-FqYStoiPzy7EKR6Cd44",{"id":67754,"title":67755,"body":67756,"description":69311,"extension":1587,"meta":69312,"navigation":420,"path":58564,"seo":69313,"stem":69314,"__hash__":69315},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len.md","Python List Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":67757,"toc":69284},[67758,67764,67773,67822,67824,67832,67838,67840,67858,67864,67869,67872,67875,67890,67892,67944,67946,67954,67962,67969,67971,67977,68042,68044,68052,68054,68073,68076,68127,68131,68136,68163,68165,68173,68176,68245,68247,68262,68268,68272,68281,68284,68339,68341,68349,68352,68354,68399,68401,68409,68415,68417,68425,68428,68430,68469,68471,68510,68515,68517,68519,68554,68557,68559,68597,68601,68607,68609,68660,68662,68670,68677,68680,68701,68704,68759,68770,68772,68833,68835,68844,68851,68857,68860,68863,68920,68923,68936,68943,68949,68955,68957,68970,68973,69070,69072,69089,69092,69174,69176,69198,69205,69211,69213,69217,69223,69229,69234,69238,69241,69247,69254,69256,69281],[10,67759,67761,67762,121],{"id":67760},"python-list-length-len","Python List Length (",[15,67763,10775],{},[20,67765,67766,67767,67769,67770,67772],{},"Learn how to get the number of items in a Python list using ",[15,67768,1542],{},". This page focuses on the basic use of ",[15,67771,1542],{}," with lists, common beginner mistakes, and simple examples.",[30,67774,67776],{"className":32,"code":67775,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\ncount = len(numbers)\nprint(count)\n",[15,67777,67778,67798,67812],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67779,67780,67782,67784,67786,67788,67790,67792,67794,67796],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67781,46],{"class":45},[39,67783,50],{"class":49},[39,67785,3249],{"class":53},[39,67787,682],{"class":57},[39,67789,61],{"class":53},[39,67791,687],{"class":57},[39,67793,61],{"class":53},[39,67795,697],{"class":57},[39,67797,3262],{"class":53},[39,67799,67800,67802,67804,67806,67808,67810],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,67801,40851],{"class":45},[39,67803,50],{"class":49},[39,67805,37997],{"class":112},[39,67807,101],{"class":53},[39,67809,992],{"class":97},[39,67811,80],{"class":53},[39,67813,67814,67816,67818,67820],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,67815,113],{"class":112},[39,67817,101],{"class":53},[39,67819,98],{"class":97},[39,67821,80],{"class":53},[20,67823,458],{},[30,67825,67826],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67827,67828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67829,67830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67831,461],{"class":57},[20,67833,128,67834,67837],{},[15,67835,67836],{},"len(list_name)"," to get how many items are in a list.",[134,67839,14774],{"id":14773},[147,67841,67842,67847,67852,67855],{},[150,67843,3821,67844,67846],{},[15,67845,1542],{}," works with Python lists",[150,67848,67849,67850,11317],{},"What value ",[15,67851,1542],{},[150,67853,67854],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty lists",[150,67856,67857],{},"Common mistakes beginners make",[134,67859,137,67861,67863],{"id":67860},"what-len-returns-for-a-list",[15,67862,1542],{}," returns for a list",[20,67865,67866,64677],{},[15,67867,67868],{},"len(my_list)",[20,67870,67871],{},"That integer is the number of items in the list.",[20,67873,67874],{},"A few important points:",[147,67876,67877,67880,67885],{},[150,67878,67879],{},"It counts list items",[150,67881,40517,67882,67884],{},[3367,67883,4254],{}," count characters inside a string item",[150,67886,67887,67888],{},"An empty list returns ",[15,67889,221],{},[20,67891,515],{},[30,67893,67895],{"className":32,"code":67894,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,67896,67897,67930],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67898,67899,67901,67903,67905,67907,67909,67911,67913,67915,67918,67920,67922,67924,67926,67928],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67900,1191],{"class":45},[39,67902,50],{"class":49},[39,67904,3249],{"class":53},[39,67906,244],{"class":243},[39,67908,839],{"class":247},[39,67910,244],{"class":243},[39,67912,61],{"class":53},[39,67914,255],{"class":243},[39,67916,67917],{"class":247},"elephant",[39,67919,244],{"class":243},[39,67921,61],{"class":53},[39,67923,255],{"class":243},[39,67925,57723],{"class":247},[39,67927,244],{"class":243},[39,67929,3262],{"class":53},[39,67931,67932,67934,67936,67938,67940,67942],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,67933,113],{"class":112},[39,67935,101],{"class":53},[39,67937,10775],{"class":112},[39,67939,101],{"class":53},[39,67941,1229],{"class":97},[39,67943,1026],{"class":53},[20,67945,458],{},[30,67947,67948],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,67949,67950],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67951,67952],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67953,461],{"class":57},[20,67955,20590,67956,67959,67960,64684],{},[15,67957,67958],{},"\"elephant\""," has many characters, it still counts as just ",[3367,67961,52259],{},[20,67963,67964,67965,94],{},"If you want a broader explanation of the function itself, see ",[173,67966,3202,67967,3135],{"href":41966},[15,67968,1542],{},[134,67970,5403],{"id":5402},[20,67972,67973,67974,67976],{},"Create a list, pass it to ",[15,67975,1542],{},", and print the result.",[30,67978,67980],{"className":32,"code":67979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncount = len(colors)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,67981,67982,68014,68028,68032],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,67983,67984,67986,67988,67990,67992,67994,67996,67998,68000,68002,68004,68006,68008,68010,68012],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,67985,236],{"class":45},[39,67987,50],{"class":49},[39,67989,3249],{"class":53},[39,67991,244],{"class":243},[39,67993,248],{"class":247},[39,67995,244],{"class":243},[39,67997,61],{"class":53},[39,67999,255],{"class":243},[39,68001,275],{"class":247},[39,68003,244],{"class":243},[39,68005,61],{"class":53},[39,68007,255],{"class":243},[39,68009,258],{"class":247},[39,68011,244],{"class":243},[39,68013,3262],{"class":53},[39,68015,68016,68018,68020,68022,68024,68026],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68017,40851],{"class":45},[39,68019,50],{"class":49},[39,68021,37997],{"class":112},[39,68023,101],{"class":53},[39,68025,288],{"class":97},[39,68027,80],{"class":53},[39,68029,68030],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,68031,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,68033,68034,68036,68038,68040],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,68035,113],{"class":112},[39,68037,101],{"class":53},[39,68039,98],{"class":97},[39,68041,80],{"class":53},[20,68043,458],{},[30,68045,68046],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68047,68048],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68049,68050],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68051,461],{"class":57},[20,68053,11295],{},[147,68055,68056,68061,68068],{},[150,68057,68058,68060],{},[15,68059,288],{}," is a list with 3 items",[150,68062,68063,476,68066],{},[15,68064,68065],{},"len(colors)",[15,68067,479],{},[150,68069,68070,68071],{},"That value is stored in ",[15,68072,98],{},[20,68074,68075],{},"You can also print the result directly:",[30,68077,68079],{"className":32,"code":68078,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,68080,68081,68113],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68082,68083,68085,68087,68089,68091,68093,68095,68097,68099,68101,68103,68105,68107,68109,68111],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68084,236],{"class":45},[39,68086,50],{"class":49},[39,68088,3249],{"class":53},[39,68090,244],{"class":243},[39,68092,248],{"class":247},[39,68094,244],{"class":243},[39,68096,61],{"class":53},[39,68098,255],{"class":243},[39,68100,275],{"class":247},[39,68102,244],{"class":243},[39,68104,61],{"class":53},[39,68106,255],{"class":243},[39,68108,258],{"class":247},[39,68110,244],{"class":243},[39,68112,3262],{"class":53},[39,68114,68115,68117,68119,68121,68123,68125],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68116,113],{"class":112},[39,68118,101],{"class":53},[39,68120,10775],{"class":112},[39,68122,101],{"class":53},[39,68124,288],{"class":97},[39,68126,1026],{"class":53},[134,68128,68130],{"id":68129},"empty-list-example","Empty list example",[20,68132,68133,68134,94],{},"An empty list has no items, so its length is ",[15,68135,221],{},[30,68137,68139],{"className":32,"code":68138,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,68140,68141,68149],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68142,68143,68145,68147],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68144,7397],{"class":45},[39,68146,50],{"class":49},[39,68148,7455],{"class":53},[39,68150,68151,68153,68155,68157,68159,68161],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68152,113],{"class":112},[39,68154,101],{"class":53},[39,68156,10775],{"class":112},[39,68158,101],{"class":53},[39,68160,7426],{"class":97},[39,68162,1026],{"class":53},[20,68164,458],{},[30,68166,68167],{"className":32,"code":46857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68168,68169],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68170,68171],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68172,46857],{"class":57},[20,68174,68175],{},"This is useful when you want to check whether a list has anything in it before using an index.",[30,68177,68179],{"className":32,"code":68178,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\n\nif len(items) > 0:\n    print(items[0])\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty\")\n",[15,68180,68181,68189,68193,68211,68225,68231],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68182,68183,68185,68187],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68184,7397],{"class":45},[39,68186,50],{"class":49},[39,68188,7455],{"class":53},[39,68190,68191],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68192,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,68194,68195,68197,68199,68201,68203,68205,68207,68209],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,68196,511],{"class":572},[39,68198,37997],{"class":112},[39,68200,101],{"class":53},[39,68202,7426],{"class":97},[39,68204,121],{"class":53},[39,68206,592],{"class":49},[39,68208,3458],{"class":57},[39,68210,598],{"class":53},[39,68212,68213,68215,68217,68219,68221,68223],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,68214,603],{"class":112},[39,68216,101],{"class":53},[39,68218,7426],{"class":97},[39,68220,3525],{"class":53},[39,68222,221],{"class":57},[39,68224,3513],{"class":53},[39,68226,68227,68229],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,68228,27046],{"class":572},[39,68230,598],{"class":53},[39,68232,68233,68235,68237,68239,68241,68243],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,68234,603],{"class":112},[39,68236,101],{"class":53},[39,68238,244],{"class":243},[39,68240,51418],{"class":247},[39,68242,244],{"class":243},[39,68244,80],{"class":53},[20,68246,458],{},[30,68248,68250],{"className":32,"code":68249,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The list is empty\n",[15,68251,68252],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68253,68254,68256,68258,68260],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68255,1604],{"class":45},[39,68257,7710],{"class":2523},[39,68259,763],{"class":49},[39,68261,7718],{"class":45},[20,68263,68264,68265,68267],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, ",[173,68266,52374],{"href":50585}," is a good next step.",[134,68269,68271],{"id":68270},"nested-lists","Nested lists",[20,68273,68274,68276,68277,68280],{},[15,68275,1542],{}," counts only the ",[3367,68278,68279],{},"top-level items"," in a list.",[20,68282,68283],{},"A nested list counts as one item.",[30,68285,68287],{"className":32,"code":68286,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,68288,68289,68325],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68290,68291,68293,68295,68297,68299,68301,68303,68305,68307,68309,68311,68313,68315,68317,68319,68321,68323],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68292,8778],{"class":45},[39,68294,50],{"class":49},[39,68296,55895],{"class":53},[39,68298,58],{"class":57},[39,68300,61],{"class":53},[39,68302,64],{"class":57},[39,68304,17674],{"class":53},[39,68306,3249],{"class":53},[39,68308,479],{"class":57},[39,68310,61],{"class":53},[39,68312,2080],{"class":57},[39,68314,17674],{"class":53},[39,68316,3249],{"class":53},[39,68318,1376],{"class":57},[39,68320,61],{"class":53},[39,68322,37256],{"class":57},[39,68324,52844],{"class":53},[39,68326,68327,68329,68331,68333,68335,68337],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68328,113],{"class":112},[39,68330,101],{"class":53},[39,68332,10775],{"class":112},[39,68334,101],{"class":53},[39,68336,8817],{"class":97},[39,68338,1026],{"class":53},[20,68340,458],{},[30,68342,68343],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68344,68345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68346,68347],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68348,461],{"class":57},[20,68350,68351],{},"Here, the list contains 3 items, and each item is itself a list.",[20,68353,51682],{},[30,68355,68357],{"className":32,"code":68356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"mixed = [1, [2, 3], 4]\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,68358,68359,68385],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68360,68361,68363,68365,68367,68369,68371,68373,68375,68377,68379,68381,68383],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68362,59063],{"class":45},[39,68364,50],{"class":49},[39,68366,3249],{"class":53},[39,68368,58],{"class":57},[39,68370,61],{"class":53},[39,68372,3249],{"class":53},[39,68374,104],{"class":57},[39,68376,61],{"class":53},[39,68378,73],{"class":57},[39,68380,17674],{"class":53},[39,68382,2080],{"class":57},[39,68384,3262],{"class":53},[39,68386,68387,68389,68391,68393,68395,68397],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68388,113],{"class":112},[39,68390,101],{"class":53},[39,68392,10775],{"class":112},[39,68394,101],{"class":53},[39,68396,59116],{"class":97},[39,68398,1026],{"class":53},[20,68400,458],{},[30,68402,68403],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68404,68405],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68406,68407],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68408,461],{"class":57},[20,68410,20590,68411,68414],{},[15,68412,68413],{},"[2, 3]"," contains 2 values, it is still only one item in the outer list.",[134,68416,4141],{"id":4140},[223,68418,948,68420,10705,68423],{"id":68419},"using-my_listlen-instead-of-lenmy_list",[15,68421,68422],{},"my_list.len()",[15,68424,67868],{},[20,68426,68427],{},"This is a very common mistake.",[20,68429,16256],{},[30,68431,68433],{"className":32,"code":68432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers.len())\n",[15,68434,68435,68455],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68436,68437,68439,68441,68443,68445,68447,68449,68451,68453],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68438,46],{"class":45},[39,68440,50],{"class":49},[39,68442,3249],{"class":53},[39,68444,682],{"class":57},[39,68446,61],{"class":53},[39,68448,687],{"class":57},[39,68450,61],{"class":53},[39,68452,697],{"class":57},[39,68454,3262],{"class":53},[39,68456,68457,68459,68461,68463,68465,68467],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68458,113],{"class":112},[39,68460,101],{"class":53},[39,68462,992],{"class":97},[39,68464,94],{"class":53},[39,68466,10775],{"class":97},[39,68468,6810],{"class":53},[20,68470,16268],{},[30,68472,68474],{"className":32,"code":68473,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,68475,68476,68496],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68477,68478,68480,68482,68484,68486,68488,68490,68492,68494],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68479,46],{"class":45},[39,68481,50],{"class":49},[39,68483,3249],{"class":53},[39,68485,682],{"class":57},[39,68487,61],{"class":53},[39,68489,687],{"class":57},[39,68491,61],{"class":53},[39,68493,697],{"class":57},[39,68495,3262],{"class":53},[39,68497,68498,68500,68502,68504,68506,68508],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68499,113],{"class":112},[39,68501,101],{"class":53},[39,68503,10775],{"class":112},[39,68505,101],{"class":53},[39,68507,992],{"class":97},[39,68509,1026],{"class":53},[20,68511,68512,68514],{},[15,68513,1542],{}," is a built-in function. It is not a list method.",[223,68516,25299],{"id":25298},[20,68518,16256],{},[30,68520,68522],{"className":32,"code":68521,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(len)\n",[15,68523,68524,68544],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68525,68526,68528,68530,68532,68534,68536,68538,68540,68542],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68527,46],{"class":45},[39,68529,50],{"class":49},[39,68531,3249],{"class":53},[39,68533,682],{"class":57},[39,68535,61],{"class":53},[39,68537,687],{"class":57},[39,68539,61],{"class":53},[39,68541,697],{"class":57},[39,68543,3262],{"class":53},[39,68545,68546,68548,68550,68552],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68547,113],{"class":112},[39,68549,101],{"class":53},[39,68551,10775],{"class":112},[39,68553,80],{"class":53},[20,68555,68556],{},"This prints the function itself, not the list length.",[20,68558,16268],{},[30,68560,68561],{"className":32,"code":68473,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68562,68563,68583],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68564,68565,68567,68569,68571,68573,68575,68577,68579,68581],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68566,46],{"class":45},[39,68568,50],{"class":49},[39,68570,3249],{"class":53},[39,68572,682],{"class":57},[39,68574,61],{"class":53},[39,68576,687],{"class":57},[39,68578,61],{"class":53},[39,68580,697],{"class":57},[39,68582,3262],{"class":53},[39,68584,68585,68587,68589,68591,68593,68595],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68586,113],{"class":112},[39,68588,101],{"class":53},[39,68590,10775],{"class":112},[39,68592,101],{"class":53},[39,68594,992],{"class":97},[39,68596,1026],{"class":53},[223,68598,68600],{"id":68599},"confusing-length-with-the-last-index","Confusing length with the last index",[20,68602,68603,68604,68606],{},"The length of a list is ",[3367,68605,4254],{}," the same as the last index.",[20,68608,515],{},[30,68610,68612],{"className":32,"code":68611,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(len(letters))\n",[15,68613,68614,68646],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68615,68616,68618,68620,68622,68624,68626,68628,68630,68632,68634,68636,68638,68640,68642,68644],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68617,1053],{"class":45},[39,68619,50],{"class":49},[39,68621,3249],{"class":53},[39,68623,244],{"class":243},[39,68625,173],{"class":247},[39,68627,244],{"class":243},[39,68629,61],{"class":53},[39,68631,255],{"class":243},[39,68633,1070],{"class":247},[39,68635,244],{"class":243},[39,68637,61],{"class":53},[39,68639,255],{"class":243},[39,68641,9352],{"class":247},[39,68643,244],{"class":243},[39,68645,3262],{"class":53},[39,68647,68648,68650,68652,68654,68656,68658],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68649,113],{"class":112},[39,68651,101],{"class":53},[39,68653,10775],{"class":112},[39,68655,101],{"class":53},[39,68657,35757],{"class":97},[39,68659,1026],{"class":53},[20,68661,458],{},[30,68663,68664],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,68665,68666],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68667,68668],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68669,461],{"class":57},[20,68671,68672,68673,18576,68675,94],{},"But the last index is ",[15,68674,104],{},[15,68676,479],{},[20,68678,68679],{},"Indexes are:",[147,68681,68682,68689,68695],{},[150,68683,68684,68686,68687],{},[15,68685,221],{}," for ",[15,68688,17708],{},[150,68690,68691,68686,68693],{},[15,68692,58],{},[15,68694,65186],{},[150,68696,68697,68686,68699],{},[15,68698,104],{},[15,68700,66072],{},[20,68702,68703],{},"So this causes an error:",[30,68705,68707],{"className":32,"code":68706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters)])\n",[15,68708,68709,68741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68710,68711,68713,68715,68717,68719,68721,68723,68725,68727,68729,68731,68733,68735,68737,68739],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68712,1053],{"class":45},[39,68714,50],{"class":49},[39,68716,3249],{"class":53},[39,68718,244],{"class":243},[39,68720,173],{"class":247},[39,68722,244],{"class":243},[39,68724,61],{"class":53},[39,68726,255],{"class":243},[39,68728,1070],{"class":247},[39,68730,244],{"class":243},[39,68732,61],{"class":53},[39,68734,255],{"class":243},[39,68736,9352],{"class":247},[39,68738,244],{"class":243},[39,68740,3262],{"class":53},[39,68742,68743,68745,68747,68749,68751,68753,68755,68757],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68744,113],{"class":112},[39,68746,101],{"class":53},[39,68748,35757],{"class":97},[39,68750,3525],{"class":53},[39,68752,10775],{"class":112},[39,68754,101],{"class":53},[39,68756,35757],{"class":97},[39,68758,10292],{"class":53},[20,68760,8110,68761,936,68764,68766,68767,68769],{},[15,68762,68763],{},"len(letters)",[15,68765,479],{},", and index ",[15,68768,479],{}," does not exist.",[20,68771,18453],{},[30,68773,68775],{"className":32,"code":68774,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nprint(letters[len(letters) - 1])\n",[15,68776,68777,68809],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68778,68779,68781,68783,68785,68787,68789,68791,68793,68795,68797,68799,68801,68803,68805,68807],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68780,1053],{"class":45},[39,68782,50],{"class":49},[39,68784,3249],{"class":53},[39,68786,244],{"class":243},[39,68788,173],{"class":247},[39,68790,244],{"class":243},[39,68792,61],{"class":53},[39,68794,255],{"class":243},[39,68796,1070],{"class":247},[39,68798,244],{"class":243},[39,68800,61],{"class":53},[39,68802,255],{"class":243},[39,68804,9352],{"class":247},[39,68806,244],{"class":243},[39,68808,3262],{"class":53},[39,68810,68811,68813,68815,68817,68819,68821,68823,68825,68827,68829,68831],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68812,113],{"class":112},[39,68814,101],{"class":53},[39,68816,35757],{"class":97},[39,68818,3525],{"class":53},[39,68820,10775],{"class":112},[39,68822,101],{"class":53},[39,68824,35757],{"class":97},[39,68826,121],{"class":53},[39,68828,1847],{"class":49},[39,68830,595],{"class":57},[39,68832,3513],{"class":53},[20,68834,458],{},[30,68836,68838],{"className":32,"code":68837,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"c\n",[15,68839,68840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68841,68842],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68843,68837],{"class":45},[20,68845,68846,68847,94],{},"If you see an index problem here, read ",[173,68848,68850],{"href":68849},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-list-index-out-of-range-fix-explained\u002F","IndexError: list index out of range",[223,68852,948,68854,68856],{"id":68853},"using-len-on-the-wrong-variable",[15,68855,1542],{}," on the wrong variable",[20,68858,68859],{},"Sometimes the code is correct, but the variable is not what you expect.",[20,68861,68862],{},"Use these debugging checks:",[30,68864,68866],{"className":32,"code":68865,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list[0])\n",[15,68867,68868,68878,68892,68906],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68869,68870,68872,68874,68876],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68871,113],{"class":112},[39,68873,101],{"class":53},[39,68875,7955],{"class":97},[39,68877,80],{"class":53},[39,68879,68880,68882,68884,68886,68888,68890],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,68881,113],{"class":112},[39,68883,101],{"class":53},[39,68885,10775],{"class":112},[39,68887,101],{"class":53},[39,68889,7955],{"class":97},[39,68891,1026],{"class":53},[39,68893,68894,68896,68898,68900,68902,68904],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,68895,113],{"class":112},[39,68897,101],{"class":53},[39,68899,2845],{"class":2523},[39,68901,101],{"class":53},[39,68903,7955],{"class":97},[39,68905,1026],{"class":53},[39,68907,68908,68910,68912,68914,68916,68918],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,68909,113],{"class":112},[39,68911,101],{"class":53},[39,68913,7955],{"class":97},[39,68915,3525],{"class":53},[39,68917,221],{"class":57},[39,68919,3513],{"class":53},[20,68921,68922],{},"These help you verify:",[147,68924,68925,68928,68930,68933],{},[150,68926,68927],{},"what the variable contains",[150,68929,60375],{},[150,68931,68932],{},"whether it is really a list",[150,68934,68935],{},"what the first item is",[20,68937,68938,68939,68942],{},"Be careful with ",[15,68940,68941],{},"print(my_list[0])"," if the list might be empty.",[134,68944,4584,68946,68948],{"id":68945},"when-to-use-len-with-lists",[15,68947,1542],{}," with lists",[20,68950,68951,68952,68954],{},"You will often use ",[15,68953,1542],{}," in real programs.",[20,68956,8986],{},[147,68958,68959,68961,68964,68967],{},[150,68960,51372],{},[150,68962,68963],{},"Control loops",[150,68965,68966],{},"Validate input or results",[150,68968,68969],{},"Compare the sizes of two lists",[20,68971,68972],{},"Example: comparing two lists",[30,68974,68976],{"className":32,"code":68975,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [10, 20]\n\nprint(len(a))\nprint(len(b))\nprint(len(a) > len(b))\n",[15,68977,68978,68998,69014,69018,69032,69046],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,68979,68980,68982,68984,68986,68988,68990,68992,68994,68996],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,68981,2176],{"class":45},[39,68983,50],{"class":49},[39,68985,3249],{"class":53},[39,68987,58],{"class":57},[39,68989,61],{"class":53},[39,68991,64],{"class":57},[39,68993,61],{"class":53},[39,68995,73],{"class":57},[39,68997,3262],{"class":53},[39,68999,69000,69002,69004,69006,69008,69010,69012],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69001,2204],{"class":45},[39,69003,50],{"class":49},[39,69005,3249],{"class":53},[39,69007,682],{"class":57},[39,69009,61],{"class":53},[39,69011,687],{"class":57},[39,69013,3262],{"class":53},[39,69015,69016],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69017,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69019,69020,69022,69024,69026,69028,69030],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,69021,113],{"class":112},[39,69023,101],{"class":53},[39,69025,10775],{"class":112},[39,69027,101],{"class":53},[39,69029,173],{"class":97},[39,69031,1026],{"class":53},[39,69033,69034,69036,69038,69040,69042,69044],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,69035,113],{"class":112},[39,69037,101],{"class":53},[39,69039,10775],{"class":112},[39,69041,101],{"class":53},[39,69043,1070],{"class":97},[39,69045,1026],{"class":53},[39,69047,69048,69050,69052,69054,69056,69058,69060,69062,69064,69066,69068],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,69049,113],{"class":112},[39,69051,101],{"class":53},[39,69053,10775],{"class":112},[39,69055,101],{"class":53},[39,69057,173],{"class":97},[39,69059,121],{"class":53},[39,69061,592],{"class":49},[39,69063,37997],{"class":112},[39,69065,101],{"class":53},[39,69067,1070],{"class":97},[39,69069,1026],{"class":53},[20,69071,458],{},[30,69073,69075],{"className":32,"code":69074,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n2\nTrue\n",[15,69076,69077,69081,69085],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69078,69079],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69080,461],{"class":57},[39,69082,69083],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69084,16669],{"class":57},[39,69086,69087],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69088,3605],{"class":3477},[20,69090,69091],{},"Example: using length in a loop",[30,69093,69095],{"className":32,"code":69094,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(names)):\n    print(i, names[i])\n",[15,69096,69097,69129,69133,69155],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69098,69099,69101,69103,69105,69107,69109,69111,69113,69115,69117,69119,69121,69123,69125,69127],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69100,4618],{"class":45},[39,69102,50],{"class":49},[39,69104,3249],{"class":53},[39,69106,244],{"class":243},[39,69108,12492],{"class":247},[39,69110,244],{"class":243},[39,69112,61],{"class":53},[39,69114,255],{"class":243},[39,69116,35555],{"class":247},[39,69118,244],{"class":243},[39,69120,61],{"class":53},[39,69122,255],{"class":243},[39,69124,35564],{"class":247},[39,69126,244],{"class":243},[39,69128,3262],{"class":53},[39,69130,69131],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69132,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69134,69135,69137,69140,69142,69144,69146,69148,69150,69152],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69136,5574],{"class":572},[39,69138,69139],{"class":45}," i ",[39,69141,1128],{"class":572},[39,69143,53672],{"class":112},[39,69145,101],{"class":53},[39,69147,10775],{"class":112},[39,69149,101],{"class":53},[39,69151,4662],{"class":97},[39,69153,69154],{"class":53},")):\n",[39,69156,69157,69159,69161,69163,69165,69168,69170,69172],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,69158,603],{"class":112},[39,69160,101],{"class":53},[39,69162,35768],{"class":97},[39,69164,61],{"class":53},[39,69166,69167],{"class":97}," names",[39,69169,3525],{"class":53},[39,69171,35768],{"class":97},[39,69173,3513],{"class":53},[20,69175,458],{},[30,69177,69178],{"className":32,"code":35613,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,69179,69180,69186,69192],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69181,69182,69184],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69183,221],{"class":57},[39,69185,35622],{"class":45},[39,69187,69188,69190],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69189,58],{"class":57},[39,69191,35629],{"class":45},[39,69193,69194,69196],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69195,104],{"class":57},[39,69197,35636],{"class":45},[20,69199,69200,69201,94],{},"This works, but if you want to practice looping through lists more safely and clearly, see ",[173,69202,69204],{"href":69203},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-loop-through-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to loop through a list in Python",[20,69206,69207,69208,69210],{},"You can also read ",[173,69209,51149],{"href":51148}," for a task-focused guide.",[134,69212,1454],{"id":1453},[223,69214,69216],{"id":69215},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-list-in-python","How do I get the length of a list in Python?",[20,69218,128,69219,69222],{},[15,69220,69221],{},"len(your_list)",". It returns the number of items in the list.",[223,69224,1458,69226,12327],{"id":69225},"what-does-len-return",[15,69227,69228],{},"len([])",[20,69230,4768,69231,69233],{},[15,69232,221],{}," because the list is empty.",[223,69235,69237],{"id":69236},"is-the-list-length-the-same-as-the-last-index","Is the list length the same as the last index?",[20,69239,69240],{},"No. The last index is one less than the length.",[223,69242,27940,69244,69246],{"id":69243},"can-i-use-my_listlen-in-python",[15,69245,68422],{}," in Python?",[20,69248,29883,69249,7838,69251,69253],{},[15,69250,67868],{},[15,69252,1542],{}," is a built-in function.",[134,69255,1514],{"id":1513},[147,69257,69258,69264,69268,69272,69276],{},[150,69259,69260],{},[173,69261,3202,69262,3135],{"href":41966},[15,69263,1542],{},[150,69265,69266],{},[173,69267,52193],{"href":51148},[150,69269,69270],{},[173,69271,52374],{"href":50585},[150,69273,69274],{},[173,69275,68850],{"href":68849},[150,69277,69278],{},[173,69279,69280],{"href":69203},"How to loop through a list in Python",[1550,69282,69283],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":69285},[69286,69287,69289,69290,69291,69292,69300,69302,69310],{"id":14773,"depth":83,"text":14774},{"id":67860,"depth":83,"text":69288},"What len() returns for a list",{"id":5402,"depth":83,"text":5403},{"id":68129,"depth":83,"text":68130},{"id":68270,"depth":83,"text":68271},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":69293},[69294,69296,69297,69298],{"id":68419,"depth":109,"text":69295},"Using my_list.len() instead of len(my_list)",{"id":25298,"depth":109,"text":25299},{"id":68599,"depth":109,"text":68600},{"id":68853,"depth":109,"text":69299},"Using len() on the wrong variable",{"id":68945,"depth":83,"text":69301},"When to use len() with lists",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":69303},[69304,69305,69307,69308],{"id":69215,"depth":109,"text":69216},{"id":69225,"depth":109,"text":69306},"What does len([]) return?",{"id":69236,"depth":109,"text":69237},{"id":69243,"depth":109,"text":69309},"Can I use my_list.len() in Python?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":67755,"description":69311},"reference\u002Fpython-list-length-len","rGvdzxYi-qjWScdxkRoGgEetqY15UkNJ5EhQHJLekL8",{"id":69317,"title":69318,"body":69319,"description":71300,"extension":1587,"meta":71301,"navigation":420,"path":71302,"seo":71303,"stem":71304,"__hash__":71305},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method.md","Python List pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":69320,"toc":71273},[69321,69324,69329,69332,69340,69353,69355,69420,69422,69444,69449,69453,69458,69466,69468,69478,69480,69561,69563,69593,69595,69614,69619,69636,69638,69721,69723,69753,69758,69762,69768,69852,69854,69884,69887,69891,69894,69985,69987,70025,70028,70113,70115,70145,70151,70158,70162,70167,70176,70178,70263,70265,70294,70297,70305,70309,70313,70322,70345,70347,70369,70371,70385,70387,70447,70451,70456,70495,70497,70514,70516,70526,70625,70630,70634,70639,70682,70684,70712,70714,70728,70803,70805,70827,70831,70834,70839,70850,70855,70863,70866,70937,70939,70964,71021,71023,71044,71053,71061,71066,71068,71073,71094,71097,71172,71175,71189,71196,71198,71202,71208,71212,71222,71226,71233,71237,71243,71245,71270],[10,69322,69318],{"id":69323},"python-list-pop-method",[20,69325,69326,69328],{},[15,69327,54683],{}," removes an item from a list and returns it.",[20,69330,69331],{},"This method is useful when you want to both:",[147,69333,69334,69337],{},[150,69335,69336],{},"delete an item from a list",[150,69338,69339],{},"keep the removed value for later use",[20,69341,69342,69343,69345,69346,1163,69348,69352],{},"If you do not pass an index, ",[15,69344,12374],{}," removes the last item. Beginners often confuse ",[15,69347,12374],{},[173,69349,69350],{"href":54673},[15,69351,55130],{},", or expect it to create a new list instead of changing the original one.",[134,69354,1629],{"id":1628},[30,69356,69358],{"className":32,"code":69357,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nlast_item = numbers.pop()\n\nprint(last_item)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,69359,69360,69380,69395,69399,69410],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69361,69362,69364,69366,69368,69370,69372,69374,69376,69378],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69363,46],{"class":45},[39,69365,50],{"class":49},[39,69367,3249],{"class":53},[39,69369,682],{"class":57},[39,69371,61],{"class":53},[39,69373,687],{"class":57},[39,69375,61],{"class":53},[39,69377,697],{"class":57},[39,69379,3262],{"class":53},[39,69381,69382,69385,69387,69389,69391,69393],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69383,69384],{"class":45},"last_item ",[39,69386,50],{"class":49},[39,69388,91],{"class":45},[39,69390,94],{"class":53},[39,69392,25853],{"class":97},[39,69394,8257],{"class":53},[39,69396,69397],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69398,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69400,69401,69403,69405,69408],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,69402,113],{"class":112},[39,69404,101],{"class":53},[39,69406,69407],{"class":97},"last_item",[39,69409,80],{"class":53},[39,69411,69412,69414,69416,69418],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,69413,113],{"class":112},[39,69415,101],{"class":53},[39,69417,992],{"class":97},[39,69419,80],{"class":53},[20,69421,458],{},[30,69423,69425],{"className":32,"code":69424,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"30\n[10, 20]\n",[15,69426,69427,69432],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69428,69429],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69430,69431],{"class":57},"30\n",[39,69433,69434,69436,69438,69440,69442],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69435,3525],{"class":53},[39,69437,682],{"class":57},[39,69439,61],{"class":53},[39,69441,687],{"class":57},[39,69443,3262],{"class":53},[20,69445,128,69446,69448],{},[15,69447,12374],{}," to remove and return an item from a list. With no argument, it removes the last item.",[134,69450,69452],{"id":69451},"what-pop-does","What pop() does",[20,69454,69455,69457],{},[15,69456,12374],{}," has two main jobs:",[147,69459,69460,69463],{},[150,69461,69462],{},"It removes one item from a list",[150,69464,69465],{},"It returns the item that was removed",[20,69467,43258],{},[147,69469,69470,69473,69476],{},[150,69471,69472],{},"If no index is given, it removes the last item",[150,69474,69475],{},"It changes the original list",[150,69477,52348],{},[20,69479,515],{},[30,69481,69483],{"className":32,"code":69482,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\n\nremoved = colors.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,69484,69485,69517,69521,69536,69540,69551],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69486,69487,69489,69491,69493,69495,69497,69499,69501,69503,69505,69507,69509,69511,69513,69515],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69488,236],{"class":45},[39,69490,50],{"class":49},[39,69492,3249],{"class":53},[39,69494,244],{"class":243},[39,69496,248],{"class":247},[39,69498,244],{"class":243},[39,69500,61],{"class":53},[39,69502,255],{"class":243},[39,69504,275],{"class":247},[39,69506,244],{"class":243},[39,69508,61],{"class":53},[39,69510,255],{"class":243},[39,69512,258],{"class":247},[39,69514,244],{"class":243},[39,69516,3262],{"class":53},[39,69518,69519],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69520,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69522,69523,69526,69528,69530,69532,69534],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69524,69525],{"class":45},"removed ",[39,69527,50],{"class":49},[39,69529,12733],{"class":45},[39,69531,94],{"class":53},[39,69533,25853],{"class":97},[39,69535,8257],{"class":53},[39,69537,69538],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,69539,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69541,69542,69544,69546,69549],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,69543,113],{"class":112},[39,69545,101],{"class":53},[39,69547,69548],{"class":97},"removed",[39,69550,80],{"class":53},[39,69552,69553,69555,69557,69559],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,69554,113],{"class":112},[39,69556,101],{"class":53},[39,69558,288],{"class":97},[39,69560,80],{"class":53},[20,69562,458],{},[30,69564,69566],{"className":32,"code":69565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"blue\n['red', 'green']\n",[15,69567,69568,69573],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69569,69570],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69571,69572],{"class":45},"blue\n",[39,69574,69575,69577,69579,69581,69583,69585,69587,69589,69591],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69576,3525],{"class":53},[39,69578,629],{"class":243},[39,69580,248],{"class":247},[39,69582,629],{"class":243},[39,69584,61],{"class":53},[39,69586,2920],{"class":243},[39,69588,275],{"class":247},[39,69590,629],{"class":243},[39,69592,3262],{"class":53},[134,69594,1781],{"id":1780},[30,69596,69598],{"className":32,"code":69597,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list.pop([index])\n",[15,69599,69600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69601,69602,69604,69606,69608,69610,69612],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69603,7710],{"class":2523},[39,69605,94],{"class":53},[39,69607,25853],{"class":97},[39,69609,2608],{"class":53},[39,69611,1431],{"class":97},[39,69613,3513],{"class":53},[20,69615,1604,69616,69618],{},[15,69617,1431],{}," is optional.",[147,69620,69621,69627,69633],{},[150,69622,69623,69624,69626],{},"If you do not give an index, ",[15,69625,12374],{}," removes the last item",[150,69628,69629,69630,69632],{},"If you give an index, ",[15,69631,12374],{}," removes the item at that position",[150,69634,69635],{},"You can store the result in a variable",[20,69637,515],{},[30,69639,69641],{"className":32,"code":69640,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nitem = letters.pop(1)\n\nprint(item)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,69642,69643,69675,69679,69697,69701,69711],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69644,69645,69647,69649,69651,69653,69655,69657,69659,69661,69663,69665,69667,69669,69671,69673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69646,1053],{"class":45},[39,69648,50],{"class":49},[39,69650,3249],{"class":53},[39,69652,244],{"class":243},[39,69654,173],{"class":247},[39,69656,244],{"class":243},[39,69658,61],{"class":53},[39,69660,255],{"class":243},[39,69662,1070],{"class":247},[39,69664,244],{"class":243},[39,69666,61],{"class":53},[39,69668,255],{"class":243},[39,69670,9352],{"class":247},[39,69672,244],{"class":243},[39,69674,3262],{"class":53},[39,69676,69677],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69678,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69680,69681,69683,69685,69687,69689,69691,69693,69695],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69682,28150],{"class":45},[39,69684,50],{"class":49},[39,69686,1091],{"class":45},[39,69688,94],{"class":53},[39,69690,25853],{"class":97},[39,69692,101],{"class":53},[39,69694,58],{"class":57},[39,69696,80],{"class":53},[39,69698,69699],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,69700,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69702,69703,69705,69707,69709],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,69704,113],{"class":112},[39,69706,101],{"class":53},[39,69708,22922],{"class":97},[39,69710,80],{"class":53},[39,69712,69713,69715,69717,69719],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,69714,113],{"class":112},[39,69716,101],{"class":53},[39,69718,35757],{"class":97},[39,69720,80],{"class":53},[20,69722,458],{},[30,69724,69726],{"className":32,"code":69725,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"b\n['a', 'c']\n",[15,69727,69728,69733],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69729,69730],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69731,69732],{"class":45},"b\n",[39,69734,69735,69737,69739,69741,69743,69745,69747,69749,69751],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69736,3525],{"class":53},[39,69738,629],{"class":243},[39,69740,173],{"class":247},[39,69742,629],{"class":243},[39,69744,61],{"class":53},[39,69746,2920],{"class":243},[39,69748,9352],{"class":247},[39,69750,629],{"class":243},[39,69752,3262],{"class":53},[20,69754,69755,69756,94],{},"If you are new to list positions, see ",[173,69757,52374],{"href":50585},[134,69759,69761],{"id":69760},"using-pop-without-an-index","Using pop() without an index",[20,69763,69764,69765,69767],{},"When you call ",[15,69766,12374],{}," with no argument, Python removes the last item in the list.",[30,69769,69771],{"className":32,"code":69770,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tasks = [\"write\", \"test\", \"submit\"]\n\nlast_task = tasks.pop()\n\nprint(last_task)\nprint(tasks)\n",[15,69772,69773,69808,69812,69827,69831,69842],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69774,69775,69777,69779,69781,69783,69786,69788,69790,69792,69795,69797,69799,69801,69804,69806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69776,29510],{"class":45},[39,69778,50],{"class":49},[39,69780,3249],{"class":53},[39,69782,244],{"class":243},[39,69784,69785],{"class":247},"write",[39,69787,244],{"class":243},[39,69789,61],{"class":53},[39,69791,255],{"class":243},[39,69793,69794],{"class":247},"test",[39,69796,244],{"class":243},[39,69798,61],{"class":53},[39,69800,255],{"class":243},[39,69802,69803],{"class":247},"submit",[39,69805,244],{"class":243},[39,69807,3262],{"class":53},[39,69809,69810],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69811,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69813,69814,69817,69819,69821,69823,69825],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69815,69816],{"class":45},"last_task ",[39,69818,50],{"class":49},[39,69820,29588],{"class":45},[39,69822,94],{"class":53},[39,69824,25853],{"class":97},[39,69826,8257],{"class":53},[39,69828,69829],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,69830,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69832,69833,69835,69837,69840],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,69834,113],{"class":112},[39,69836,101],{"class":53},[39,69838,69839],{"class":97},"last_task",[39,69841,80],{"class":53},[39,69843,69844,69846,69848,69850],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,69845,113],{"class":112},[39,69847,101],{"class":53},[39,69849,36119],{"class":97},[39,69851,80],{"class":53},[20,69853,458],{},[30,69855,69857],{"className":32,"code":69856,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"submit\n['write', 'test']\n",[15,69858,69859,69864],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69860,69861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69862,69863],{"class":45},"submit\n",[39,69865,69866,69868,69870,69872,69874,69876,69878,69880,69882],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69867,3525],{"class":53},[39,69869,629],{"class":243},[39,69871,69785],{"class":247},[39,69873,629],{"class":243},[39,69875,61],{"class":53},[39,69877,2920],{"class":243},[39,69879,69794],{"class":247},[39,69881,629],{"class":243},[39,69883,3262],{"class":53},[20,69885,69886],{},"This is useful when using a list like a stack, where the last item added is the first item removed.",[134,69888,69890],{"id":69889},"using-pop-with-an-index","Using pop() with an index",[20,69892,69893],{},"You can pass an integer index to remove an item at a specific position.",[30,69895,69897],{"className":32,"code":69896,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\", \"orange\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,69898,69899,69939,69943,69961,69965,69975],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69900,69901,69903,69905,69907,69909,69911,69913,69915,69917,69919,69921,69923,69925,69927,69929,69931,69933,69935,69937],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69902,368],{"class":45},[39,69904,50],{"class":49},[39,69906,3249],{"class":53},[39,69908,244],{"class":243},[39,69910,377],{"class":247},[39,69912,244],{"class":243},[39,69914,61],{"class":53},[39,69916,255],{"class":243},[39,69918,386],{"class":247},[39,69920,244],{"class":243},[39,69922,61],{"class":53},[39,69924,255],{"class":243},[39,69926,3720],{"class":247},[39,69928,244],{"class":243},[39,69930,61],{"class":53},[39,69932,255],{"class":243},[39,69934,403],{"class":247},[39,69936,244],{"class":243},[39,69938,3262],{"class":53},[39,69940,69941],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,69942,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69944,69945,69947,69949,69951,69953,69955,69957,69959],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,69946,69525],{"class":45},[39,69948,50],{"class":49},[39,69950,430],{"class":45},[39,69952,94],{"class":53},[39,69954,25853],{"class":97},[39,69956,101],{"class":53},[39,69958,58],{"class":57},[39,69960,80],{"class":53},[39,69962,69963],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,69964,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,69966,69967,69969,69971,69973],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,69968,113],{"class":112},[39,69970,101],{"class":53},[39,69972,69548],{"class":97},[39,69974,80],{"class":53},[39,69976,69977,69979,69981,69983],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,69978,113],{"class":112},[39,69980,101],{"class":53},[39,69982,35904],{"class":97},[39,69984,80],{"class":53},[20,69986,458],{},[30,69988,69990],{"className":32,"code":69989,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"banana\n['apple', 'cherry', 'orange']\n",[15,69991,69992,69997],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,69993,69994],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,69995,69996],{"class":45},"banana\n",[39,69998,69999,70001,70003,70005,70007,70009,70011,70013,70015,70017,70019,70021,70023],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70000,3525],{"class":53},[39,70002,629],{"class":243},[39,70004,377],{"class":247},[39,70006,629],{"class":243},[39,70008,61],{"class":53},[39,70010,2920],{"class":243},[39,70012,3720],{"class":247},[39,70014,629],{"class":243},[39,70016,61],{"class":53},[39,70018,2920],{"class":243},[39,70020,403],{"class":247},[39,70022,629],{"class":243},[39,70024,3262],{"class":53},[20,70026,70027],{},"You can also use negative indexes:",[30,70029,70031],{"className":32,"code":70030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nremoved = fruits.pop(-1)\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,70032,70033,70065,70069,70089,70093,70103],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70034,70035,70037,70039,70041,70043,70045,70047,70049,70051,70053,70055,70057,70059,70061,70063],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70036,368],{"class":45},[39,70038,50],{"class":49},[39,70040,3249],{"class":53},[39,70042,244],{"class":243},[39,70044,377],{"class":247},[39,70046,244],{"class":243},[39,70048,61],{"class":53},[39,70050,255],{"class":243},[39,70052,386],{"class":247},[39,70054,244],{"class":243},[39,70056,61],{"class":53},[39,70058,255],{"class":243},[39,70060,3720],{"class":247},[39,70062,244],{"class":243},[39,70064,3262],{"class":53},[39,70066,70067],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70068,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70070,70071,70073,70075,70077,70079,70081,70083,70085,70087],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,70072,69525],{"class":45},[39,70074,50],{"class":49},[39,70076,430],{"class":45},[39,70078,94],{"class":53},[39,70080,25853],{"class":97},[39,70082,101],{"class":53},[39,70084,1648],{"class":49},[39,70086,58],{"class":57},[39,70088,80],{"class":53},[39,70090,70091],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,70092,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70094,70095,70097,70099,70101],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,70096,113],{"class":112},[39,70098,101],{"class":53},[39,70100,69548],{"class":97},[39,70102,80],{"class":53},[39,70104,70105,70107,70109,70111],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,70106,113],{"class":112},[39,70108,101],{"class":53},[39,70110,35904],{"class":97},[39,70112,80],{"class":53},[20,70114,458],{},[30,70116,70118],{"className":32,"code":70117,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"cherry\n['apple', 'banana']\n",[15,70119,70120,70125],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70121,70122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70123,70124],{"class":45},"cherry\n",[39,70126,70127,70129,70131,70133,70135,70137,70139,70141,70143],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70128,3525],{"class":53},[39,70130,629],{"class":243},[39,70132,377],{"class":247},[39,70134,629],{"class":243},[39,70136,61],{"class":53},[39,70138,2920],{"class":243},[39,70140,386],{"class":247},[39,70142,629],{"class":243},[39,70144,3262],{"class":53},[20,70146,70147,70148,70150],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list. So ",[15,70149,65445],{}," means the last item.",[20,70152,70153,70154,94],{},"If you need to find a position before removing it, see the ",[173,70155,70156,1533],{"href":58557},[15,70157,64457],{},[134,70159,70161],{"id":70160},"what-pop-returns","What pop() returns",[20,70163,70164,70166],{},[15,70165,12374],{}," returns the item that was removed.",[20,70168,70169,70170,796,70172,94],{},"This is one of the biggest differences between ",[15,70171,12374],{},[173,70173,70174],{"href":54673},[15,70175,55130],{},[20,70177,515],{},[30,70179,70181],{"className":32,"code":70180,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\n\nremoved_name = names.pop(0)\n\nprint(removed_name)\nprint(names)\n",[15,70182,70183,70215,70219,70238,70242,70253],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70184,70185,70187,70189,70191,70193,70195,70197,70199,70201,70203,70205,70207,70209,70211,70213],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70186,4618],{"class":45},[39,70188,50],{"class":49},[39,70190,3249],{"class":53},[39,70192,244],{"class":243},[39,70194,12492],{"class":247},[39,70196,244],{"class":243},[39,70198,61],{"class":53},[39,70200,255],{"class":243},[39,70202,35555],{"class":247},[39,70204,244],{"class":243},[39,70206,61],{"class":53},[39,70208,255],{"class":243},[39,70210,35564],{"class":247},[39,70212,244],{"class":243},[39,70214,3262],{"class":53},[39,70216,70217],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70218,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70220,70221,70224,70226,70228,70230,70232,70234,70236],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,70222,70223],{"class":45},"removed_name ",[39,70225,50],{"class":49},[39,70227,69167],{"class":45},[39,70229,94],{"class":53},[39,70231,25853],{"class":97},[39,70233,101],{"class":53},[39,70235,221],{"class":57},[39,70237,80],{"class":53},[39,70239,70240],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,70241,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70243,70244,70246,70248,70251],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,70245,113],{"class":112},[39,70247,101],{"class":53},[39,70249,70250],{"class":97},"removed_name",[39,70252,80],{"class":53},[39,70254,70255,70257,70259,70261],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,70256,113],{"class":112},[39,70258,101],{"class":53},[39,70260,4662],{"class":97},[39,70262,80],{"class":53},[20,70264,458],{},[30,70266,70268],{"className":32,"code":70267,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana\n['Ben', 'Cara']\n",[15,70269,70270,70274],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70271,70272],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70273,49646],{"class":45},[39,70275,70276,70278,70280,70282,70284,70286,70288,70290,70292],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70277,3525],{"class":53},[39,70279,629],{"class":243},[39,70281,35555],{"class":247},[39,70283,629],{"class":243},[39,70285,61],{"class":53},[39,70287,2920],{"class":243},[39,70289,35564],{"class":247},[39,70291,629],{"class":243},[39,70293,3262],{"class":53},[20,70295,70296],{},"This is useful when you need the removed value after taking it out of the list.",[20,70298,70299,70300,70302,70303,94],{},"By comparison, ",[15,70301,55130],{}," deletes by value and returns ",[15,70304,3403],{},[134,70306,70308],{"id":70307},"common-errors-and-edge-cases","Common errors and edge cases",[223,70310,70312],{"id":70311},"popping-from-an-empty-list","Popping from an empty list",[20,70314,70315,70316,70318,70319,94],{},"If the list is empty, ",[15,70317,12374],{}," raises an ",[15,70320,70321],{},"IndexError",[30,70323,70325],{"className":32,"code":70324,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nitems.pop()\n",[15,70326,70327,70335],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70328,70329,70331,70333],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70330,7397],{"class":45},[39,70332,50],{"class":49},[39,70334,7455],{"class":53},[39,70336,70337,70339,70341,70343],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70338,7426],{"class":45},[39,70340,94],{"class":53},[39,70342,25853],{"class":97},[39,70344,8257],{"class":53},[20,70346,458],{},[30,70348,70350],{"className":32,"code":70349,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"IndexError: pop from empty list\n",[15,70351,70352],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70353,70354,70356,70358,70361,70364,70367],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70355,70321],{"class":2523},[39,70357,145],{"class":53},[39,70359,70360],{"class":45}," pop ",[39,70362,70363],{"class":572},"from",[39,70365,70366],{"class":45}," empty ",[39,70368,49492],{"class":2523},[20,70370,38872],{},[147,70372,70373,70378],{},[150,70374,70375,70376],{},"Check that the list is not empty before calling ",[15,70377,12374],{},[150,70379,70380,70381,796,70383],{},"Or handle the error with ",[15,70382,29416],{},[15,70384,29447],{},[20,70386,515],{},[30,70388,70390],{"className":32,"code":70389,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\n\nif items:\n    print(items.pop())\nelse:\n    print(\"The list is empty.\")\n",[15,70391,70392,70400,70404,70412,70426,70432],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70393,70394,70396,70398],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70395,7397],{"class":45},[39,70397,50],{"class":49},[39,70399,7455],{"class":53},[39,70401,70402],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70403,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70405,70406,70408,70410],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,70407,511],{"class":572},[39,70409,5582],{"class":45},[39,70411,598],{"class":53},[39,70413,70414,70416,70418,70420,70422,70424],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,70415,603],{"class":112},[39,70417,101],{"class":53},[39,70419,7426],{"class":97},[39,70421,94],{"class":53},[39,70423,25853],{"class":97},[39,70425,6810],{"class":53},[39,70427,70428,70430],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,70429,27046],{"class":572},[39,70431,598],{"class":53},[39,70433,70434,70436,70438,70440,70443,70445],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,70435,603],{"class":112},[39,70437,101],{"class":53},[39,70439,244],{"class":243},[39,70441,70442],{"class":247},"The list is empty.",[39,70444,244],{"class":243},[39,70446,80],{"class":53},[223,70448,70450],{"id":70449},"using-an-index-that-does-not-exist","Using an index that does not exist",[20,70452,70453,70454,94],{},"If the index is outside the valid range, Python raises an ",[15,70455,70321],{},[30,70457,70459],{"className":32,"code":70458,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(5)\n",[15,70460,70461,70481],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70462,70463,70465,70467,70469,70471,70473,70475,70477,70479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70464,46],{"class":45},[39,70466,50],{"class":49},[39,70468,3249],{"class":53},[39,70470,682],{"class":57},[39,70472,61],{"class":53},[39,70474,687],{"class":57},[39,70476,61],{"class":53},[39,70478,697],{"class":57},[39,70480,3262],{"class":53},[39,70482,70483,70485,70487,70489,70491,70493],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70484,992],{"class":45},[39,70486,94],{"class":53},[39,70488,25853],{"class":97},[39,70490,101],{"class":53},[39,70492,1376],{"class":57},[39,70494,80],{"class":53},[20,70496,458],{},[30,70498,70500],{"className":32,"code":70499,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"IndexError: pop index out of range\n",[15,70501,70502],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70503,70504,70506,70508,70511],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70505,70321],{"class":2523},[39,70507,145],{"class":53},[39,70509,70510],{"class":45}," pop index out of ",[39,70512,70513],{"class":112},"range\n",[20,70515,38872],{},[147,70517,70518,70523],{},[150,70519,70520,70521],{},"Check the list length with ",[15,70522,1542],{},[150,70524,70525],{},"Make sure the index is valid before removing",[30,70527,70529],{"className":32,"code":70528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = 2\n\nif 0 \u003C= index \u003C len(numbers):\n    print(numbers.pop(index))\nelse:\n    print(\"Index is out of range.\")\n",[15,70530,70531,70551,70560,70564,70586,70604,70610],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70532,70533,70535,70537,70539,70541,70543,70545,70547,70549],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70534,46],{"class":45},[39,70536,50],{"class":49},[39,70538,3249],{"class":53},[39,70540,682],{"class":57},[39,70542,61],{"class":53},[39,70544,687],{"class":57},[39,70546,61],{"class":53},[39,70548,697],{"class":57},[39,70550,3262],{"class":53},[39,70552,70553,70556,70558],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70554,70555],{"class":45},"index ",[39,70557,50],{"class":49},[39,70559,45196],{"class":57},[39,70561,70562],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,70563,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70565,70566,70568,70570,70573,70576,70578,70580,70582,70584],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,70567,511],{"class":572},[39,70569,3458],{"class":57},[39,70571,70572],{"class":49}," \u003C=",[39,70574,70575],{"class":45}," index ",[39,70577,2914],{"class":49},[39,70579,37997],{"class":112},[39,70581,101],{"class":53},[39,70583,992],{"class":97},[39,70585,7958],{"class":53},[39,70587,70588,70590,70592,70594,70596,70598,70600,70602],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,70589,603],{"class":112},[39,70591,101],{"class":53},[39,70593,992],{"class":97},[39,70595,94],{"class":53},[39,70597,25853],{"class":97},[39,70599,101],{"class":53},[39,70601,1431],{"class":97},[39,70603,1026],{"class":53},[39,70605,70606,70608],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,70607,27046],{"class":572},[39,70609,598],{"class":53},[39,70611,70612,70614,70616,70618,70621,70623],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,70613,603],{"class":112},[39,70615,101],{"class":53},[39,70617,244],{"class":243},[39,70619,70620],{"class":247},"Index is out of range.",[39,70622,244],{"class":243},[39,70624,80],{"class":53},[20,70626,70627,70628,94],{},"For more help with this kind of problem, see ",[173,70629,68850],{"href":68849},[223,70631,70633],{"id":70632},"passing-a-non-integer-index","Passing a non-integer index",[20,70635,70636,70638],{},[15,70637,12374],{}," expects an integer index.",[30,70640,70642],{"className":32,"code":70641,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nnumbers.pop(\"1\")\n",[15,70643,70644,70664],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70645,70646,70648,70650,70652,70654,70656,70658,70660,70662],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70647,46],{"class":45},[39,70649,50],{"class":49},[39,70651,3249],{"class":53},[39,70653,682],{"class":57},[39,70655,61],{"class":53},[39,70657,687],{"class":57},[39,70659,61],{"class":53},[39,70661,697],{"class":57},[39,70663,3262],{"class":53},[39,70665,70666,70668,70670,70672,70674,70676,70678,70680],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70667,992],{"class":45},[39,70669,94],{"class":53},[39,70671,25853],{"class":97},[39,70673,101],{"class":53},[39,70675,244],{"class":243},[39,70677,58],{"class":247},[39,70679,244],{"class":243},[39,70681,80],{"class":53},[20,70683,458],{},[30,70685,70687],{"className":32,"code":70686,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError: 'str' object cannot be interpreted as an integer\n",[15,70688,70689],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70690,70691,70693,70695,70697,70699,70701,70703,70706,70709],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70692,2627],{"class":2523},[39,70694,145],{"class":53},[39,70696,2920],{"class":243},[39,70698,3069],{"class":247},[39,70700,629],{"class":243},[39,70702,24229],{"class":2523},[39,70704,70705],{"class":45}," cannot be interpreted ",[39,70707,70708],{"class":572},"as",[39,70710,70711],{"class":45}," an integer\n",[20,70713,38872],{},[147,70715,70716,70725],{},[150,70717,70718,70719,1814,70721,1818,70723],{},"Pass an integer such as ",[15,70720,221],{},[15,70722,58],{},[15,70724,65445],{},[150,70726,70727],{},"If the value comes from input, convert it first",[30,70729,70731],{"className":32,"code":70730,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nindex = int(\"1\")\n\nprint(numbers.pop(index))\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70732,70733,70753,70771,70775,70793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70734,70735,70737,70739,70741,70743,70745,70747,70749,70751],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70736,46],{"class":45},[39,70738,50],{"class":49},[39,70740,3249],{"class":53},[39,70742,682],{"class":57},[39,70744,61],{"class":53},[39,70746,687],{"class":57},[39,70748,61],{"class":53},[39,70750,697],{"class":57},[39,70752,3262],{"class":53},[39,70754,70755,70757,70759,70761,70763,70765,70767,70769],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70756,70555],{"class":45},[39,70758,50],{"class":49},[39,70760,44883],{"class":2523},[39,70762,101],{"class":53},[39,70764,244],{"class":243},[39,70766,58],{"class":247},[39,70768,244],{"class":243},[39,70770,80],{"class":53},[39,70772,70773],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,70774,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70776,70777,70779,70781,70783,70785,70787,70789,70791],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,70778,113],{"class":112},[39,70780,101],{"class":53},[39,70782,992],{"class":97},[39,70784,94],{"class":53},[39,70786,25853],{"class":97},[39,70788,101],{"class":53},[39,70790,1431],{"class":97},[39,70792,1026],{"class":53},[39,70794,70795,70797,70799,70801],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,70796,113],{"class":112},[39,70798,101],{"class":53},[39,70800,992],{"class":97},[39,70802,80],{"class":53},[20,70804,458],{},[30,70806,70808],{"className":32,"code":70807,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"20\n[10, 30]\n",[15,70809,70810,70815],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70811,70812],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70813,70814],{"class":57},"20\n",[39,70816,70817,70819,70821,70823,70825],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70818,3525],{"class":53},[39,70820,682],{"class":57},[39,70822,61],{"class":53},[39,70824,697],{"class":57},[39,70826,3262],{"class":53},[134,70828,70830],{"id":70829},"pop-vs-remove","pop() vs remove()",[20,70832,70833],{},"These methods are similar, but they are not the same.",[223,70835,128,70837,10214],{"id":70836},"use-pop-when",[15,70838,12374],{},[147,70840,70841,70844,70847],{},[150,70842,70843],{},"you want to remove by index",[150,70845,70846],{},"you want the removed item returned",[150,70848,70849],{},"you want to remove the last item by default",[223,70851,128,70853,10214],{"id":70852},"use-remove-when",[15,70854,55130],{},[147,70856,70857,70860],{},[150,70858,70859],{},"you want to remove by value",[150,70861,70862],{},"you know the item itself, not its position",[20,70864,70865],{},"Compare these examples:",[30,70867,70869],{"className":32,"code":70868,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nremoved = numbers.pop(1)\nprint(removed)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70870,70871,70895,70899,70917,70927],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70872,70873,70875,70877,70879,70881,70883,70885,70887,70889,70891,70893],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70874,46],{"class":45},[39,70876,50],{"class":49},[39,70878,3249],{"class":53},[39,70880,682],{"class":57},[39,70882,61],{"class":53},[39,70884,687],{"class":57},[39,70886,61],{"class":53},[39,70888,697],{"class":57},[39,70890,61],{"class":53},[39,70892,687],{"class":57},[39,70894,3262],{"class":53},[39,70896,70897],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70898,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70900,70901,70903,70905,70907,70909,70911,70913,70915],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,70902,69525],{"class":45},[39,70904,50],{"class":49},[39,70906,91],{"class":45},[39,70908,94],{"class":53},[39,70910,25853],{"class":97},[39,70912,101],{"class":53},[39,70914,58],{"class":57},[39,70916,80],{"class":53},[39,70918,70919,70921,70923,70925],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,70920,113],{"class":112},[39,70922,101],{"class":53},[39,70924,69548],{"class":97},[39,70926,80],{"class":53},[39,70928,70929,70931,70933,70935],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,70930,113],{"class":112},[39,70932,101],{"class":53},[39,70934,992],{"class":97},[39,70936,80],{"class":53},[20,70938,458],{},[30,70940,70942],{"className":32,"code":70941,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"20\n[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,70943,70944,70948],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70945,70946],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70947,70814],{"class":57},[39,70949,70950,70952,70954,70956,70958,70960,70962],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70951,3525],{"class":53},[39,70953,682],{"class":57},[39,70955,61],{"class":53},[39,70957,697],{"class":57},[39,70959,61],{"class":53},[39,70961,687],{"class":57},[39,70963,3262],{"class":53},[30,70965,70967],{"className":32,"code":70966,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 20]\n\nnumbers.remove(20)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,70968,70969,70993,70997,71011],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,70970,70971,70973,70975,70977,70979,70981,70983,70985,70987,70989,70991],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,70972,46],{"class":45},[39,70974,50],{"class":49},[39,70976,3249],{"class":53},[39,70978,682],{"class":57},[39,70980,61],{"class":53},[39,70982,687],{"class":57},[39,70984,61],{"class":53},[39,70986,697],{"class":57},[39,70988,61],{"class":53},[39,70990,687],{"class":57},[39,70992,3262],{"class":53},[39,70994,70995],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,70996,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,70998,70999,71001,71003,71005,71007,71009],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,71000,992],{"class":45},[39,71002,94],{"class":53},[39,71004,34409],{"class":97},[39,71006,101],{"class":53},[39,71008,15366],{"class":57},[39,71010,80],{"class":53},[39,71012,71013,71015,71017,71019],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,71014,113],{"class":112},[39,71016,101],{"class":53},[39,71018,992],{"class":97},[39,71020,80],{"class":53},[20,71022,458],{},[30,71024,71026],{"className":32,"code":71025,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 30, 20]\n",[15,71027,71028],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71029,71030,71032,71034,71036,71038,71040,71042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71031,3525],{"class":53},[39,71033,682],{"class":57},[39,71035,61],{"class":53},[39,71037,697],{"class":57},[39,71039,61],{"class":53},[39,71041,687],{"class":57},[39,71043,3262],{"class":53},[20,71045,71046,71047,71050,71051,94],{},"In the first example, ",[15,71048,71049],{},"pop(1)"," removes the item at index ",[15,71052,58],{},[20,71054,56206,71055,71058,71059,94],{},[15,71056,71057],{},"remove(20)"," removes the first matching value ",[15,71060,15366],{},[20,71062,71063,71064,94],{},"If your goal is practical list cleanup, see ",[173,71065,54669],{"href":54668},[134,71067,944],{"id":943},[20,71069,71070,71071,145],{},"Beginners often run into these problems with ",[15,71072,12374],{},[147,71074,71075,71078,71081,71087,71091],{},[150,71076,71077],{},"Trying to pop from an empty list",[150,71079,71080],{},"Using an index larger than the list length",[150,71082,1160,71083,1163,71085],{},[15,71084,12374],{},[15,71086,55130],{},[150,71088,1030,71089,61563],{},[15,71090,12374],{},[150,71092,71093],{},"Passing a string instead of an integer index",[20,71095,71096],{},"Helpful checks while debugging:",[30,71098,71100],{"className":32,"code":71099,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list.pop())\nprint(my_list.pop(0))\nprint(type(index))\n",[15,71101,71102,71112,71126,71140,71158],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71103,71104,71106,71108,71110],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71105,113],{"class":112},[39,71107,101],{"class":53},[39,71109,7955],{"class":97},[39,71111,80],{"class":53},[39,71113,71114,71116,71118,71120,71122,71124],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,71115,113],{"class":112},[39,71117,101],{"class":53},[39,71119,10775],{"class":112},[39,71121,101],{"class":53},[39,71123,7955],{"class":97},[39,71125,1026],{"class":53},[39,71127,71128,71130,71132,71134,71136,71138],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,71129,113],{"class":112},[39,71131,101],{"class":53},[39,71133,7955],{"class":97},[39,71135,94],{"class":53},[39,71137,25853],{"class":97},[39,71139,6810],{"class":53},[39,71141,71142,71144,71146,71148,71150,71152,71154,71156],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,71143,113],{"class":112},[39,71145,101],{"class":53},[39,71147,7955],{"class":97},[39,71149,94],{"class":53},[39,71151,25853],{"class":97},[39,71153,101],{"class":53},[39,71155,221],{"class":57},[39,71157,1026],{"class":53},[39,71159,71160,71162,71164,71166,71168,71170],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,71161,113],{"class":112},[39,71163,101],{"class":53},[39,71165,2845],{"class":2523},[39,71167,101],{"class":53},[39,71169,1431],{"class":97},[39,71171,1026],{"class":53},[20,71173,71174],{},"Be careful with these debugging lines:",[147,71176,71177,71183],{},[150,71178,71179,71182],{},[15,71180,71181],{},"print(my_list.pop())"," changes the list",[150,71184,71185,71188],{},[15,71186,71187],{},"print(my_list.pop(0))"," also changes the list",[20,71190,71191,71192,71195],{},"If you only want to inspect the list, use ",[15,71193,71194],{},"print(my_list)"," first.",[134,71197,1454],{"id":1453},[223,71199,71201],{"id":71200},"does-pop-remove-the-last-item-by-default","Does pop() remove the last item by default?",[20,71203,71204,71205,71207],{},"Yes. If you do not pass an index, ",[15,71206,12374],{}," removes and returns the last item.",[223,71209,71211],{"id":71210},"what-is-the-difference-between-pop-and-remove","What is the difference between pop() and remove()?",[20,71213,71214,71216,71217,71219,71220,94],{},[15,71215,12374],{}," removes by index and returns the removed item. ",[15,71218,55130],{}," removes by value and returns ",[15,71221,3403],{},[223,71223,71225],{"id":71224},"can-pop-use-negative-indexes","Can pop() use negative indexes?",[20,71227,71228,71229,71232],{},"Yes. For example, ",[15,71230,71231],{},"pop(-1)"," removes the last item.",[223,71234,71236],{"id":71235},"what-happens-if-the-list-is-empty","What happens if the list is empty?",[20,71238,71239,71240,71242],{},"Python raises ",[15,71241,70321],{}," because there is no item to remove.",[134,71244,1514],{"id":1513},[147,71246,71247,71251,71256,71261,71266],{},[150,71248,71249],{},[173,71250,55116],{"href":54668},[150,71252,71253],{},[173,71254,71255],{"href":54673},"Python list remove() method",[150,71257,71258],{},[173,71259,71260],{"href":58557},"Python list index() method",[150,71262,71263],{},[173,71264,71265],{"href":50585},"Python lists explained: beginner guide",[150,71267,71268],{},[173,71269,68850],{"href":68849},[1550,71271,71272],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":71274},[71275,71276,71277,71278,71279,71280,71281,71286,71292,71293,71299],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":69451,"depth":83,"text":69452},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":69760,"depth":83,"text":69761},{"id":69889,"depth":83,"text":69890},{"id":70160,"depth":83,"text":70161},{"id":70307,"depth":83,"text":70308,"children":71282},[71283,71284,71285],{"id":70311,"depth":109,"text":70312},{"id":70449,"depth":109,"text":70450},{"id":70632,"depth":109,"text":70633},{"id":70829,"depth":83,"text":70830,"children":71287},[71288,71290],{"id":70836,"depth":109,"text":71289},"Use pop() when:",{"id":70852,"depth":109,"text":71291},"Use remove() when:",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":71294},[71295,71296,71297,71298],{"id":71200,"depth":109,"text":71201},{"id":71210,"depth":109,"text":71211},{"id":71224,"depth":109,"text":71225},{"id":71235,"depth":109,"text":71236},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method",{"title":69318,"description":71300},"reference\u002Fpython-list-pop-method","kHX2O4xs3stUx9ClpKy3mBjYQCERRseG-ecaBv6b1II",{"id":71307,"title":71308,"body":71309,"description":73095,"extension":1587,"meta":73096,"navigation":420,"path":73097,"seo":73098,"stem":73099,"__hash__":73100},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method.md","Python List remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":71310,"toc":73077},[71311,71314,71319,71325,71327,71397,71403,71407,71412,71433,71436,71503,71505,71526,71534,71536,71555,71571,71573,71638,71640,71665,71667,71669,71734,71736,71761,71763,71777,71780,71833,71835,71856,71860,71868,71941,71943,71976,71982,71988,72079,72081,72106,72112,72201,72203,72227,72229,72233,72288,72290,72322,72325,72328,72422,72424,72457,72463,72469,72473,72480,72506,72510,72575,72577,72602,72606,72687,72689,72718,72723,72728,72734,72738,72745,72767,72771,72830,72832,72856,72865,72870,72872,72876,72905,72907,72982,72985,72999,73005,73007,73011,73014,73018,73023,73027,73036,73040,73048,73050,73074],[10,71312,71308],{"id":71313},"python-list-remove-method",[20,71315,1604,71316,71318],{},[15,71317,54676],{}," method deletes the first item in a list that matches a given value.",[20,71320,71321,71322,71324],{},"Use this method when you know the ",[3367,71323,155],{}," you want to remove, not the position. This page focuses on removing by value, not by index.",[134,71326,1629],{"id":1628},[30,71328,71330],{"className":32,"code":71329,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71331,71332,71364,71382,71392],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71333,71334,71336,71338,71340,71342,71344,71346,71348,71350,71352,71354,71356,71358,71360,71362],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71335,7397],{"class":45},[39,71337,50],{"class":49},[39,71339,3249],{"class":53},[39,71341,244],{"class":243},[39,71343,377],{"class":247},[39,71345,244],{"class":243},[39,71347,61],{"class":53},[39,71349,255],{"class":243},[39,71351,386],{"class":247},[39,71353,244],{"class":243},[39,71355,61],{"class":53},[39,71357,255],{"class":243},[39,71359,403],{"class":247},[39,71361,244],{"class":243},[39,71363,3262],{"class":53},[39,71365,71366,71368,71370,71372,71374,71376,71378,71380],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,71367,7426],{"class":45},[39,71369,94],{"class":53},[39,71371,34409],{"class":97},[39,71373,101],{"class":53},[39,71375,244],{"class":243},[39,71377,386],{"class":247},[39,71379,244],{"class":243},[39,71381,80],{"class":53},[39,71383,71384,71386,71388,71390],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,71385,113],{"class":112},[39,71387,101],{"class":53},[39,71389,7426],{"class":97},[39,71391,80],{"class":53},[39,71393,71394],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,71395,71396],{"class":124},"# ['apple', 'orange']\n",[20,71398,128,71399,71402],{},[15,71400,71401],{},"remove(value)"," to delete the first matching item from a list.",[134,71404,71406],{"id":71405},"what-remove-does","What remove() does",[20,71408,71409,71411],{},[15,71410,55130],{}," is a list method that:",[147,71413,71414,71420,71425,71430],{},[150,71415,71416,71417,71419],{},"Deletes the ",[3367,71418,29521],{}," item in the list that matches the value",[150,71421,71422,71423],{},"Changes the original list ",[3367,71424,10947],{},[150,71426,1468,71427,71429],{},[3367,71428,4254],{}," return a new list",[150,71431,71432],{},"Is useful when you know the item value you want to delete",[20,71434,71435],{},"This is important for beginners:",[30,71437,71439],{"className":32,"code":71438,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = numbers.remove(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,71440,71441,71461,71479,71483,71493],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71442,71443,71445,71447,71449,71451,71453,71455,71457,71459],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71444,46],{"class":45},[39,71446,50],{"class":49},[39,71448,3249],{"class":53},[39,71450,58],{"class":57},[39,71452,61],{"class":53},[39,71454,64],{"class":57},[39,71456,61],{"class":53},[39,71458,73],{"class":57},[39,71460,3262],{"class":53},[39,71462,71463,71465,71467,71469,71471,71473,71475,71477],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,71464,86],{"class":45},[39,71466,50],{"class":49},[39,71468,91],{"class":45},[39,71470,94],{"class":53},[39,71472,34409],{"class":97},[39,71474,101],{"class":53},[39,71476,104],{"class":57},[39,71478,80],{"class":53},[39,71480,71481],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,71482,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,71484,71485,71487,71489,71491],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,71486,113],{"class":112},[39,71488,101],{"class":53},[39,71490,992],{"class":97},[39,71492,80],{"class":53},[39,71494,71495,71497,71499,71501],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,71496,113],{"class":112},[39,71498,101],{"class":53},[39,71500,118],{"class":97},[39,71502,80],{"class":53},[20,71504,458],{},[30,71506,71508],{"className":32,"code":71507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 3]\nNone\n",[15,71509,71510,71522],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71511,71512,71514,71516,71518,71520],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71513,3525],{"class":53},[39,71515,58],{"class":57},[39,71517,61],{"class":53},[39,71519,73],{"class":57},[39,71521,3262],{"class":53},[39,71523,71524],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,71525,11420],{"class":3477},[20,71527,71528,71529,71531,71532,94],{},"The list changed, but ",[15,71530,55130],{}," itself returned ",[15,71533,3403],{},[134,71535,5047],{"id":5046},[30,71537,71539],{"className":32,"code":71538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list.remove(value)\n",[15,71540,71541],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71542,71543,71545,71547,71549,71551,71553],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71544,7710],{"class":2523},[39,71546,94],{"class":53},[39,71548,34409],{"class":97},[39,71550,101],{"class":53},[39,71552,155],{"class":97},[39,71554,80],{"class":53},[147,71556,71557,71562,71565],{},[150,71558,71559,71561],{},[15,71560,155],{}," is the item you want to delete",[150,71563,71564],{},"Python searches from left to right",[150,71566,71567,71568,71570],{},"Only the ",[3367,71569,29521],{}," matching value is removed",[20,71572,515],{},[30,71574,71576],{"className":32,"code":71575,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\nletters.remove(\"b\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,71577,71578,71610,71628],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71579,71580,71582,71584,71586,71588,71590,71592,71594,71596,71598,71600,71602,71604,71606,71608],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71581,1053],{"class":45},[39,71583,50],{"class":49},[39,71585,3249],{"class":53},[39,71587,244],{"class":243},[39,71589,173],{"class":247},[39,71591,244],{"class":243},[39,71593,61],{"class":53},[39,71595,255],{"class":243},[39,71597,1070],{"class":247},[39,71599,244],{"class":243},[39,71601,61],{"class":53},[39,71603,255],{"class":243},[39,71605,9352],{"class":247},[39,71607,244],{"class":243},[39,71609,3262],{"class":53},[39,71611,71612,71614,71616,71618,71620,71622,71624,71626],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,71613,35757],{"class":45},[39,71615,94],{"class":53},[39,71617,34409],{"class":97},[39,71619,101],{"class":53},[39,71621,244],{"class":243},[39,71623,1070],{"class":247},[39,71625,244],{"class":243},[39,71627,80],{"class":53},[39,71629,71630,71632,71634,71636],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,71631,113],{"class":112},[39,71633,101],{"class":53},[39,71635,35757],{"class":97},[39,71637,80],{"class":53},[20,71639,458],{},[30,71641,71643],{"className":32,"code":71642,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'c']\n",[15,71644,71645],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71646,71647,71649,71651,71653,71655,71657,71659,71661,71663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71648,3525],{"class":53},[39,71650,629],{"class":243},[39,71652,173],{"class":247},[39,71654,629],{"class":243},[39,71656,61],{"class":53},[39,71658,2920],{"class":243},[39,71660,9352],{"class":247},[39,71662,629],{"class":243},[39,71664,3262],{"class":53},[134,71666,5403],{"id":5402},[20,71668,64766],{},[30,71670,71672],{"className":32,"code":71671,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,71673,71674,71706,71724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71675,71676,71678,71680,71682,71684,71686,71688,71690,71692,71694,71696,71698,71700,71702,71704],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71677,236],{"class":45},[39,71679,50],{"class":49},[39,71681,3249],{"class":53},[39,71683,244],{"class":243},[39,71685,248],{"class":247},[39,71687,244],{"class":243},[39,71689,61],{"class":53},[39,71691,255],{"class":243},[39,71693,258],{"class":247},[39,71695,244],{"class":243},[39,71697,61],{"class":53},[39,71699,255],{"class":243},[39,71701,275],{"class":247},[39,71703,244],{"class":243},[39,71705,3262],{"class":53},[39,71707,71708,71710,71712,71714,71716,71718,71720,71722],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,71709,288],{"class":45},[39,71711,94],{"class":53},[39,71713,34409],{"class":97},[39,71715,101],{"class":53},[39,71717,244],{"class":243},[39,71719,258],{"class":247},[39,71721,244],{"class":243},[39,71723,80],{"class":53},[39,71725,71726,71728,71730,71732],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,71727,113],{"class":112},[39,71729,101],{"class":53},[39,71731,288],{"class":97},[39,71733,80],{"class":53},[20,71735,458],{},[30,71737,71739],{"className":32,"code":71738,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['red', 'green']\n",[15,71740,71741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71742,71743,71745,71747,71749,71751,71753,71755,71757,71759],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71744,3525],{"class":53},[39,71746,629],{"class":243},[39,71748,248],{"class":247},[39,71750,629],{"class":243},[39,71752,61],{"class":53},[39,71754,2920],{"class":243},[39,71756,275],{"class":247},[39,71758,629],{"class":243},[39,71760,3262],{"class":53},[20,71762,11295],{},[147,71764,71765,71768,71774],{},[150,71766,71767],{},"A list is created with three values",[150,71769,71770,71773],{},[15,71771,71772],{},"remove(\"blue\")"," deletes the matching item",[150,71775,71776],{},"The list is printed after the change",[20,71778,71779],{},"You can use the same method with numbers too:",[30,71781,71783],{"className":32,"code":71782,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nscores.remove(30)\nprint(scores)\n",[15,71784,71785,71809,71823],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71786,71787,71789,71791,71793,71795,71797,71799,71801,71803,71805,71807],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71788,675],{"class":45},[39,71790,50],{"class":49},[39,71792,3249],{"class":53},[39,71794,682],{"class":57},[39,71796,61],{"class":53},[39,71798,687],{"class":57},[39,71800,61],{"class":53},[39,71802,697],{"class":57},[39,71804,61],{"class":53},[39,71806,50449],{"class":57},[39,71808,3262],{"class":53},[39,71810,71811,71813,71815,71817,71819,71821],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,71812,16001],{"class":45},[39,71814,94],{"class":53},[39,71816,34409],{"class":97},[39,71818,101],{"class":53},[39,71820,36455],{"class":57},[39,71822,80],{"class":53},[39,71824,71825,71827,71829,71831],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,71826,113],{"class":112},[39,71828,101],{"class":53},[39,71830,16001],{"class":97},[39,71832,80],{"class":53},[20,71834,458],{},[30,71836,71838],{"className":32,"code":71837,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20, 40]\n",[15,71839,71840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71841,71842,71844,71846,71848,71850,71852,71854],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71843,3525],{"class":53},[39,71845,682],{"class":57},[39,71847,61],{"class":53},[39,71849,687],{"class":57},[39,71851,61],{"class":53},[39,71853,50449],{"class":57},[39,71855,3262],{"class":53},[134,71857,71859],{"id":71858},"what-happens-with-duplicates","What happens with duplicates",[20,71861,64756,71862,71864,71865,71867],{},[15,71863,55130],{}," deletes only the ",[3367,71866,29521],{}," one.",[30,71869,71871],{"className":32,"code":71870,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71872,71873,71913,71931],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71874,71875,71877,71879,71881,71883,71885,71887,71889,71891,71893,71895,71897,71899,71901,71903,71905,71907,71909,71911],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71876,7397],{"class":45},[39,71878,50],{"class":49},[39,71880,3249],{"class":53},[39,71882,244],{"class":243},[39,71884,377],{"class":247},[39,71886,244],{"class":243},[39,71888,61],{"class":53},[39,71890,255],{"class":243},[39,71892,386],{"class":247},[39,71894,244],{"class":243},[39,71896,61],{"class":53},[39,71898,255],{"class":243},[39,71900,377],{"class":247},[39,71902,244],{"class":243},[39,71904,61],{"class":53},[39,71906,255],{"class":243},[39,71908,403],{"class":247},[39,71910,244],{"class":243},[39,71912,3262],{"class":53},[39,71914,71915,71917,71919,71921,71923,71925,71927,71929],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,71916,7426],{"class":45},[39,71918,94],{"class":53},[39,71920,34409],{"class":97},[39,71922,101],{"class":53},[39,71924,244],{"class":243},[39,71926,377],{"class":247},[39,71928,244],{"class":243},[39,71930,80],{"class":53},[39,71932,71933,71935,71937,71939],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,71934,113],{"class":112},[39,71936,101],{"class":53},[39,71938,7426],{"class":97},[39,71940,80],{"class":53},[20,71942,458],{},[30,71944,71946],{"className":32,"code":71945,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['banana', 'apple', 'orange']\n",[15,71947,71948],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71949,71950,71952,71954,71956,71958,71960,71962,71964,71966,71968,71970,71972,71974],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71951,3525],{"class":53},[39,71953,629],{"class":243},[39,71955,386],{"class":247},[39,71957,629],{"class":243},[39,71959,61],{"class":53},[39,71961,2920],{"class":243},[39,71963,377],{"class":247},[39,71965,629],{"class":243},[39,71967,61],{"class":53},[39,71969,2920],{"class":243},[39,71971,403],{"class":247},[39,71973,629],{"class":243},[39,71975,3262],{"class":53},[20,71977,71978,71979,71981],{},"Only the first ",[15,71980,472],{}," was removed.",[20,71983,71984,71985,71987],{},"If you want to remove another matching value, call ",[15,71986,55130],{}," again:",[30,71989,71991],{"className":32,"code":71990,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nitems.remove(\"apple\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,71992,71993,72033,72051,72069],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,71994,71995,71997,71999,72001,72003,72005,72007,72009,72011,72013,72015,72017,72019,72021,72023,72025,72027,72029,72031],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,71996,7397],{"class":45},[39,71998,50],{"class":49},[39,72000,3249],{"class":53},[39,72002,244],{"class":243},[39,72004,377],{"class":247},[39,72006,244],{"class":243},[39,72008,61],{"class":53},[39,72010,255],{"class":243},[39,72012,386],{"class":247},[39,72014,244],{"class":243},[39,72016,61],{"class":53},[39,72018,255],{"class":243},[39,72020,377],{"class":247},[39,72022,244],{"class":243},[39,72024,61],{"class":53},[39,72026,255],{"class":243},[39,72028,403],{"class":247},[39,72030,244],{"class":243},[39,72032,3262],{"class":53},[39,72034,72035,72037,72039,72041,72043,72045,72047,72049],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72036,7426],{"class":45},[39,72038,94],{"class":53},[39,72040,34409],{"class":97},[39,72042,101],{"class":53},[39,72044,244],{"class":243},[39,72046,377],{"class":247},[39,72048,244],{"class":243},[39,72050,80],{"class":53},[39,72052,72053,72055,72057,72059,72061,72063,72065,72067],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,72054,7426],{"class":45},[39,72056,94],{"class":53},[39,72058,34409],{"class":97},[39,72060,101],{"class":53},[39,72062,244],{"class":243},[39,72064,377],{"class":247},[39,72066,244],{"class":243},[39,72068,80],{"class":53},[39,72070,72071,72073,72075,72077],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,72072,113],{"class":112},[39,72074,101],{"class":53},[39,72076,7426],{"class":97},[39,72078,80],{"class":53},[20,72080,458],{},[30,72082,72084],{"className":32,"code":72083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72085,72086],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72087,72088,72090,72092,72094,72096,72098,72100,72102,72104],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72089,3525],{"class":53},[39,72091,629],{"class":243},[39,72093,386],{"class":247},[39,72095,629],{"class":243},[39,72097,61],{"class":53},[39,72099,2920],{"class":243},[39,72101,403],{"class":247},[39,72103,629],{"class":243},[39,72105,3262],{"class":53},[20,72107,72108,72109,72111],{},"If you need to remove ",[3367,72110,3339],{}," matching values, a list comprehension is usually better:",[30,72113,72115],{"className":32,"code":72114,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"orange\"]\nitems = [item for item in items if item != \"apple\"]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72116,72117,72157,72191],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72118,72119,72121,72123,72125,72127,72129,72131,72133,72135,72137,72139,72141,72143,72145,72147,72149,72151,72153,72155],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72120,7397],{"class":45},[39,72122,50],{"class":49},[39,72124,3249],{"class":53},[39,72126,244],{"class":243},[39,72128,377],{"class":247},[39,72130,244],{"class":243},[39,72132,61],{"class":53},[39,72134,255],{"class":243},[39,72136,386],{"class":247},[39,72138,244],{"class":243},[39,72140,61],{"class":53},[39,72142,255],{"class":243},[39,72144,377],{"class":247},[39,72146,244],{"class":243},[39,72148,61],{"class":53},[39,72150,255],{"class":243},[39,72152,403],{"class":247},[39,72154,244],{"class":243},[39,72156,3262],{"class":53},[39,72158,72159,72161,72163,72165,72167,72169,72171,72173,72176,72178,72180,72183,72185,72187,72189],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72160,7397],{"class":45},[39,72162,50],{"class":49},[39,72164,3249],{"class":53},[39,72166,28150],{"class":45},[39,72168,5574],{"class":572},[39,72170,5577],{"class":45},[39,72172,1128],{"class":572},[39,72174,72175],{"class":45}," items ",[39,72177,511],{"class":572},[39,72179,5577],{"class":45},[39,72181,72182],{"class":49},"!=",[39,72184,255],{"class":243},[39,72186,377],{"class":247},[39,72188,244],{"class":243},[39,72190,3262],{"class":53},[39,72192,72193,72195,72197,72199],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,72194,113],{"class":112},[39,72196,101],{"class":53},[39,72198,7426],{"class":97},[39,72200,80],{"class":53},[20,72202,458],{},[30,72204,72205],{"className":32,"code":72083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,72206,72207],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72208,72209,72211,72213,72215,72217,72219,72221,72223,72225],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72210,3525],{"class":53},[39,72212,629],{"class":243},[39,72214,386],{"class":247},[39,72216,629],{"class":243},[39,72218,61],{"class":53},[39,72220,2920],{"class":243},[39,72222,403],{"class":247},[39,72224,629],{"class":243},[39,72226,3262],{"class":53},[134,72228,65221],{"id":65220},[20,72230,65224,72231,94],{},[15,72232,40315],{},[30,72234,72236],{"className":32,"code":72235,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,72237,72238,72270],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72239,72240,72242,72244,72246,72248,72250,72252,72254,72256,72258,72260,72262,72264,72266,72268],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72241,7397],{"class":45},[39,72243,50],{"class":49},[39,72245,3249],{"class":53},[39,72247,244],{"class":243},[39,72249,377],{"class":247},[39,72251,244],{"class":243},[39,72253,61],{"class":53},[39,72255,255],{"class":243},[39,72257,386],{"class":247},[39,72259,244],{"class":243},[39,72261,61],{"class":53},[39,72263,255],{"class":243},[39,72265,403],{"class":247},[39,72267,244],{"class":243},[39,72269,3262],{"class":53},[39,72271,72272,72274,72276,72278,72280,72282,72284,72286],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72273,7426],{"class":45},[39,72275,94],{"class":53},[39,72277,34409],{"class":97},[39,72279,101],{"class":53},[39,72281,244],{"class":243},[39,72283,22144],{"class":247},[39,72285,244],{"class":243},[39,72287,80],{"class":53},[20,72289,458],{},[30,72291,72293],{"className":32,"code":72292,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list\n",[15,72294,72295],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72296,72297,72299,72301,72303,72305,72307,72309,72311,72313,72315,72317,72319],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72298,40315],{"class":2523},[39,72300,145],{"class":53},[39,72302,22171],{"class":2523},[39,72304,94],{"class":53},[39,72306,34409],{"class":97},[39,72308,101],{"class":53},[39,72310,1798],{"class":97},[39,72312,16064],{"class":53},[39,72314,3505],{"class":45},[39,72316,4254],{"class":49},[39,72318,1149],{"class":49},[39,72320,72321],{"class":2523}," list\n",[20,72323,72324],{},"This is a common beginner mistake.",[20,72326,72327],{},"A safe pattern is to check first:",[30,72329,72331],{"className":32,"code":72330,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nvalue = \"grape\"\n\nif value in items:\n    items.remove(value)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,72332,72333,72365,72377,72381,72393,72408,72412],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72334,72335,72337,72339,72341,72343,72345,72347,72349,72351,72353,72355,72357,72359,72361,72363],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72336,7397],{"class":45},[39,72338,50],{"class":49},[39,72340,3249],{"class":53},[39,72342,244],{"class":243},[39,72344,377],{"class":247},[39,72346,244],{"class":243},[39,72348,61],{"class":53},[39,72350,255],{"class":243},[39,72352,386],{"class":247},[39,72354,244],{"class":243},[39,72356,61],{"class":53},[39,72358,255],{"class":243},[39,72360,403],{"class":247},[39,72362,244],{"class":243},[39,72364,3262],{"class":53},[39,72366,72367,72369,72371,72373,72375],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72368,2070],{"class":45},[39,72370,50],{"class":49},[39,72372,255],{"class":243},[39,72374,22144],{"class":247},[39,72376,2983],{"class":243},[39,72378,72379],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,72380,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,72382,72383,72385,72387,72389,72391],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,72384,511],{"class":572},[39,72386,21196],{"class":45},[39,72388,1128],{"class":49},[39,72390,5582],{"class":45},[39,72392,598],{"class":53},[39,72394,72395,72398,72400,72402,72404,72406],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,72396,72397],{"class":45},"    items",[39,72399,94],{"class":53},[39,72401,34409],{"class":97},[39,72403,101],{"class":53},[39,72405,155],{"class":97},[39,72407,80],{"class":53},[39,72409,72410],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,72411,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,72413,72414,72416,72418,72420],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,72415,113],{"class":112},[39,72417,101],{"class":53},[39,72419,7426],{"class":97},[39,72421,80],{"class":53},[20,72423,458],{},[30,72425,72427],{"className":32,"code":72426,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'orange']\n",[15,72428,72429],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72430,72431,72433,72435,72437,72439,72441,72443,72445,72447,72449,72451,72453,72455],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72432,3525],{"class":53},[39,72434,629],{"class":243},[39,72436,377],{"class":247},[39,72438,629],{"class":243},[39,72440,61],{"class":53},[39,72442,2920],{"class":243},[39,72444,386],{"class":247},[39,72446,629],{"class":243},[39,72448,61],{"class":53},[39,72450,2920],{"class":243},[39,72452,403],{"class":247},[39,72454,629],{"class":243},[39,72456,3262],{"class":53},[20,72458,72459,72460,72462],{},"This avoids the error because ",[15,72461,55130],{}," runs only if the value exists.",[20,72464,72465,72466,94],{},"If you are troubleshooting this kind of problem, see ",[173,72467,65430],{"href":72468},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-in-python-causes-and-fixes\u002F",[134,72470,72472],{"id":72471},"remove-vs-pop","remove() vs pop()",[20,72474,72475,796,72477,72479],{},[15,72476,55130],{},[15,72478,12374],{}," both delete items from a list, but they work differently.",[147,72481,72482,72489,72495,72501],{},[150,72483,72484,72486,72487],{},[15,72485,55130],{}," deletes by ",[3367,72488,155],{},[150,72490,72491,72486,72493],{},[15,72492,12374],{},[3367,72494,1431],{},[150,72496,72497,476,72499],{},[15,72498,55130],{},[15,72500,3403],{},[150,72502,72503,72505],{},[15,72504,12374],{}," returns the removed item",[20,72507,1315,72508,145],{},[15,72509,55130],{},[30,72511,72513],{"className":32,"code":72512,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nitems.remove(\"banana\")\nprint(items)\n",[15,72514,72515,72547,72565],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72516,72517,72519,72521,72523,72525,72527,72529,72531,72533,72535,72537,72539,72541,72543,72545],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72518,7397],{"class":45},[39,72520,50],{"class":49},[39,72522,3249],{"class":53},[39,72524,244],{"class":243},[39,72526,377],{"class":247},[39,72528,244],{"class":243},[39,72530,61],{"class":53},[39,72532,255],{"class":243},[39,72534,386],{"class":247},[39,72536,244],{"class":243},[39,72538,61],{"class":53},[39,72540,255],{"class":243},[39,72542,403],{"class":247},[39,72544,244],{"class":243},[39,72546,3262],{"class":53},[39,72548,72549,72551,72553,72555,72557,72559,72561,72563],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72550,7426],{"class":45},[39,72552,94],{"class":53},[39,72554,34409],{"class":97},[39,72556,101],{"class":53},[39,72558,244],{"class":243},[39,72560,386],{"class":247},[39,72562,244],{"class":243},[39,72564,80],{"class":53},[39,72566,72567,72569,72571,72573],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,72568,113],{"class":112},[39,72570,101],{"class":53},[39,72572,7426],{"class":97},[39,72574,80],{"class":53},[20,72576,458],{},[30,72578,72580],{"className":32,"code":72579,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'orange']\n",[15,72581,72582],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72583,72584,72586,72588,72590,72592,72594,72596,72598,72600],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72585,3525],{"class":53},[39,72587,629],{"class":243},[39,72589,377],{"class":247},[39,72591,629],{"class":243},[39,72593,61],{"class":53},[39,72595,2920],{"class":243},[39,72597,403],{"class":247},[39,72599,629],{"class":243},[39,72601,3262],{"class":53},[20,72603,1315,72604,145],{},[15,72605,12374],{},[30,72607,72609],{"className":32,"code":72608,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nremoved_item = items.pop(1)\n\nprint(items)\nprint(removed_item)\n",[15,72610,72611,72643,72662,72666,72676],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72612,72613,72615,72617,72619,72621,72623,72625,72627,72629,72631,72633,72635,72637,72639,72641],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72614,7397],{"class":45},[39,72616,50],{"class":49},[39,72618,3249],{"class":53},[39,72620,244],{"class":243},[39,72622,377],{"class":247},[39,72624,244],{"class":243},[39,72626,61],{"class":53},[39,72628,255],{"class":243},[39,72630,386],{"class":247},[39,72632,244],{"class":243},[39,72634,61],{"class":53},[39,72636,255],{"class":243},[39,72638,403],{"class":247},[39,72640,244],{"class":243},[39,72642,3262],{"class":53},[39,72644,72645,72648,72650,72652,72654,72656,72658,72660],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72646,72647],{"class":45},"removed_item ",[39,72649,50],{"class":49},[39,72651,5582],{"class":45},[39,72653,94],{"class":53},[39,72655,25853],{"class":97},[39,72657,101],{"class":53},[39,72659,58],{"class":57},[39,72661,80],{"class":53},[39,72663,72664],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,72665,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,72667,72668,72670,72672,72674],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,72669,113],{"class":112},[39,72671,101],{"class":53},[39,72673,7426],{"class":97},[39,72675,80],{"class":53},[39,72677,72678,72680,72682,72685],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,72679,113],{"class":112},[39,72681,101],{"class":53},[39,72683,72684],{"class":97},"removed_item",[39,72686,80],{"class":53},[20,72688,458],{},[30,72690,72692],{"className":32,"code":72691,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'orange']\nbanana\n",[15,72693,72694,72714],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72695,72696,72698,72700,72702,72704,72706,72708,72710,72712],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72697,3525],{"class":53},[39,72699,629],{"class":243},[39,72701,377],{"class":247},[39,72703,629],{"class":243},[39,72705,61],{"class":53},[39,72707,2920],{"class":243},[39,72709,403],{"class":247},[39,72711,629],{"class":243},[39,72713,3262],{"class":53},[39,72715,72716],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72717,69996],{"class":45},[20,72719,128,72720,72722],{},[15,72721,55130],{}," when you know the item value.",[20,72724,128,72725,72727],{},[15,72726,12374],{}," when you know the position and want the removed item back.",[20,72729,72730,72731,94],{},"For more detail, see the ",[173,72732,72733],{"href":54680},"Python list pop() method",[134,72735,72737],{"id":72736},"remove-vs-del","remove() vs del",[20,72739,72740,796,72742,72744],{},[15,72741,55130],{},[15,72743,26637],{}," are also different.",[147,72746,72747,72752,72757,72762],{},[150,72748,72749,72751],{},[15,72750,55130],{}," deletes by matching value",[150,72753,72754,72756],{},[15,72755,26637],{}," deletes by index or slice",[150,72758,128,72759,72761],{},[15,72760,26637],{}," when you know the position",[150,72763,128,72764,72766],{},[15,72765,55130],{}," when you know the item value",[20,72768,1315,72769,145],{},[15,72770,26637],{},[30,72772,72774],{"className":32,"code":72773,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\ndel items[1]\nprint(items)\n",[15,72775,72776,72808,72820],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72777,72778,72780,72782,72784,72786,72788,72790,72792,72794,72796,72798,72800,72802,72804,72806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72779,7397],{"class":45},[39,72781,50],{"class":49},[39,72783,3249],{"class":53},[39,72785,244],{"class":243},[39,72787,377],{"class":247},[39,72789,244],{"class":243},[39,72791,61],{"class":53},[39,72793,255],{"class":243},[39,72795,386],{"class":247},[39,72797,244],{"class":243},[39,72799,61],{"class":53},[39,72801,255],{"class":243},[39,72803,403],{"class":247},[39,72805,244],{"class":243},[39,72807,3262],{"class":53},[39,72809,72810,72812,72814,72816,72818],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72811,26637],{"class":572},[39,72813,5582],{"class":45},[39,72815,3525],{"class":53},[39,72817,58],{"class":57},[39,72819,3262],{"class":53},[39,72821,72822,72824,72826,72828],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,72823,113],{"class":112},[39,72825,101],{"class":53},[39,72827,7426],{"class":97},[39,72829,80],{"class":53},[20,72831,458],{},[30,72833,72834],{"className":32,"code":72579,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,72835,72836],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72837,72838,72840,72842,72844,72846,72848,72850,72852,72854],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72839,3525],{"class":53},[39,72841,629],{"class":243},[39,72843,377],{"class":247},[39,72845,629],{"class":243},[39,72847,61],{"class":53},[39,72849,2920],{"class":243},[39,72851,403],{"class":247},[39,72853,629],{"class":243},[39,72855,3262],{"class":53},[20,72857,72858,72859,72861,72862,72864],{},"This removed the item at index ",[15,72860,58],{},", not the value ",[15,72863,64866],{}," directly.",[20,72866,72867,72868,94],{},"If you are not sure whether you should remove by value or by position, see ",[173,72869,54669],{"href":54668},[134,72871,944],{"id":943},[20,72873,20823,72874,145],{},[15,72875,55130],{},[147,72877,72878,72881,72886,72893,72902],{},[150,72879,72880],{},"Trying to remove a value that is not in the list",[150,72882,1030,72883,72885],{},[15,72884,55130],{}," to delete all matching values",[150,72887,12206,72888,72890,72891],{},[15,72889,55130],{}," to a variable even though it returns ",[15,72892,3403],{},[150,72894,948,72895,44236,72897,177,72899,72901],{},[15,72896,55130],{},[15,72898,12374],{},[15,72900,26637],{}," would be a better fit",[150,72903,72904],{},"Confusing removing by value with removing by index",[20,72906,71096],{},[30,72908,72910],{"className":32,"code":72909,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(value in my_list)\nprint(my_list.count(value))\nprint(type(my_list))\nhelp(list.remove)\n",[15,72911,72912,72922,72936,72954,72968],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,72913,72914,72916,72918,72920],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,72915,113],{"class":112},[39,72917,101],{"class":53},[39,72919,7955],{"class":97},[39,72921,80],{"class":53},[39,72923,72924,72926,72928,72930,72932,72934],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,72925,113],{"class":112},[39,72927,101],{"class":53},[39,72929,2070],{"class":97},[39,72931,1128],{"class":572},[39,72933,8012],{"class":97},[39,72935,80],{"class":53},[39,72937,72938,72940,72942,72944,72946,72948,72950,72952],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,72939,113],{"class":112},[39,72941,101],{"class":53},[39,72943,7955],{"class":97},[39,72945,94],{"class":53},[39,72947,98],{"class":97},[39,72949,101],{"class":53},[39,72951,155],{"class":97},[39,72953,1026],{"class":53},[39,72955,72956,72958,72960,72962,72964,72966],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,72957,113],{"class":112},[39,72959,101],{"class":53},[39,72961,2845],{"class":2523},[39,72963,101],{"class":53},[39,72965,7955],{"class":97},[39,72967,1026],{"class":53},[39,72969,72970,72972,72974,72976,72978,72980],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,72971,31766],{"class":112},[39,72973,101],{"class":53},[39,72975,7710],{"class":2523},[39,72977,94],{"class":53},[39,72979,34409],{"class":997},[39,72981,80],{"class":53},[20,72983,72984],{},"These checks can help you answer questions like:",[147,72986,72987,72990,72993,72996],{},[150,72988,72989],{},"Is the value really in the list?",[150,72991,72992],{},"How many times does it appear?",[150,72994,72995],{},"Am I working with a list?",[150,72997,72998],{},"Am I using the method correctly?",[20,73000,73001,73002,73004],{},"If you need to find a value before removing it, the ",[173,73003,71260],{"href":58557}," may also help.",[134,73006,1454],{"id":1453},[223,73008,73010],{"id":73009},"does-remove-delete-all-matching-items","Does remove() delete all matching items?",[20,73012,73013],{},"No. It removes only the first matching value.",[223,73015,73017],{"id":73016},"what-does-listremove-return","What does list.remove() return?",[20,73019,4768,73020,73022],{},[15,73021,3403],{},". It changes the original list directly.",[223,73024,73026],{"id":73025},"how-do-i-avoid-an-error-if-the-value-is-missing","How do I avoid an error if the value is missing?",[20,73028,73029,73030,73033,73034,94],{},"Check with ",[15,73031,73032],{},"if value in my_list"," before calling ",[15,73035,55130],{},[223,73037,73039],{"id":73038},"should-i-use-remove-or-pop","Should I use remove() or pop()?",[20,73041,128,73042,73044,73045,73047],{},[15,73043,55130],{}," for a value and ",[15,73046,12374],{}," for an index.",[134,73049,1514],{"id":1513},[147,73051,73052,73056,73060,73064,73068],{},[150,73053,73054],{},[173,73055,55116],{"href":54668},[150,73057,73058],{},[173,73059,72733],{"href":54680},[150,73061,73062],{},[173,73063,71260],{"href":58557},[150,73065,73066],{},[173,73067,65430],{"href":72468},[150,73069,73070],{},[173,73071,73073],{"href":73072},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix\u002F","ValueError: substring not found fix",[1550,73075,73076],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":73078},[73079,73080,73081,73082,73083,73084,73085,73086,73087,73088,73094],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":71405,"depth":83,"text":71406},{"id":5046,"depth":83,"text":5047},{"id":5402,"depth":83,"text":5403},{"id":71858,"depth":83,"text":71859},{"id":65220,"depth":83,"text":65221},{"id":72471,"depth":83,"text":72472},{"id":72736,"depth":83,"text":72737},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":73089},[73090,73091,73092,73093],{"id":73009,"depth":109,"text":73010},{"id":73016,"depth":109,"text":73017},{"id":73025,"depth":109,"text":73026},{"id":73038,"depth":109,"text":73039},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method",{"title":71308,"description":73095},"reference\u002Fpython-list-remove-method","jE1uuXBERpMbOGTd_fSVoHqAttuM8Gy2xT1krJOL_nM",{"id":73102,"title":73103,"body":73104,"description":74995,"extension":1587,"meta":74996,"navigation":420,"path":74997,"seo":74998,"stem":74999,"__hash__":75000},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method.md","Python List reverse() Method",{"type":7,"value":73105,"toc":74965},[73106,73112,73118,73121,73132,73134,73183,73188,73193,73197,73212,73214,73279,73281,73322,73324,73326,73341,73343,73354,73356,73413,73415,73448,73450,73453,73502,73504,73529,73531,73547,73553,73560,73621,73623,73656,73661,73664,73744,73746,73807,73813,73817,73820,73884,73886,73911,73913,73933,73935,73984,73986,74007,74016,74019,74023,74028,74073,74075,74096,74102,74107,74115,74179,74181,74218,74224,74228,74235,74300,74302,74339,74343,74360,74370,74375,74380,74391,74398,74400,74406,74429,74432,74459,74464,74467,74568,74570,74625,74628,74735,74737,74808,74811,74837,74839,74844,74848,74856,74861,74866,74872,74877,74881,74884,74901,74904,74924,74932,74934,74962],[10,73107,53943,73109,18],{"id":73108},"python-list-reverse-method",[15,73110,73111],{},"reverse()",[20,73113,73114,73117],{},[15,73115,73116],{},"list.reverse()"," reverses the order of items in a list.",[20,73119,73120],{},"It changes the original list in place, which means it does not create a new list. This is important because beginners often expect it to return a reversed copy.",[20,73122,73123,73124,73126,73127,73131],{},"If you want to reverse a list, ",[15,73125,73111],{}," is useful when changing the original list is okay. If you need a new list instead, use ",[173,73128,73130],{"href":73129},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained\u002F","list slicing"," or another approach.",[134,73133,3235],{"id":3234},[30,73135,73137],{"className":32,"code":73136,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73138,73139,73159,73170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73140,73141,73143,73145,73147,73149,73151,73153,73155,73157],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73142,46],{"class":45},[39,73144,50],{"class":49},[39,73146,3249],{"class":53},[39,73148,58],{"class":57},[39,73150,61],{"class":53},[39,73152,64],{"class":57},[39,73154,61],{"class":53},[39,73156,73],{"class":57},[39,73158,3262],{"class":53},[39,73160,73161,73163,73165,73168],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73162,992],{"class":45},[39,73164,94],{"class":53},[39,73166,73167],{"class":97},"reverse",[39,73169,8257],{"class":53},[39,73171,73172,73174,73176,73178,73180],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,73173,113],{"class":112},[39,73175,101],{"class":53},[39,73177,992],{"class":97},[39,73179,121],{"class":53},[39,73181,73182],{"class":124},"  # [3, 2, 1]\n",[20,73184,73185,73187],{},[15,73186,73111],{}," changes the original list. It does not create a new list.",[134,73189,137,73191,140],{"id":73190},"what-listreverse-does",[15,73192,73116],{},[20,73194,73195,145],{},[15,73196,73116],{},[147,73198,73199,73202,73205,73209],{},[150,73200,73201],{},"Reverses the order of items in a list",[150,73203,73204],{},"Changes the original list directly",[150,73206,494,73207],{},[15,73208,3403],{},[150,73210,73211],{},"Works only on list objects",[20,73213,515],{},[30,73215,73217],{"className":32,"code":73216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\"]\nletters.reverse()\nprint(letters)\n",[15,73218,73219,73259,73269],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73220,73221,73223,73225,73227,73229,73231,73233,73235,73237,73239,73241,73243,73245,73247,73249,73251,73253,73255,73257],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73222,1053],{"class":45},[39,73224,50],{"class":49},[39,73226,3249],{"class":53},[39,73228,244],{"class":243},[39,73230,173],{"class":247},[39,73232,244],{"class":243},[39,73234,61],{"class":53},[39,73236,255],{"class":243},[39,73238,1070],{"class":247},[39,73240,244],{"class":243},[39,73242,61],{"class":53},[39,73244,255],{"class":243},[39,73246,9352],{"class":247},[39,73248,244],{"class":243},[39,73250,61],{"class":53},[39,73252,255],{"class":243},[39,73254,18380],{"class":247},[39,73256,244],{"class":243},[39,73258,3262],{"class":53},[39,73260,73261,73263,73265,73267],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73262,35757],{"class":45},[39,73264,94],{"class":53},[39,73266,73167],{"class":97},[39,73268,8257],{"class":53},[39,73270,73271,73273,73275,73277],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,73272,113],{"class":112},[39,73274,101],{"class":53},[39,73276,35757],{"class":97},[39,73278,80],{"class":53},[20,73280,458],{},[30,73282,73284],{"className":32,"code":73283,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['d', 'c', 'b', 'a']\n",[15,73285,73286],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73287,73288,73290,73292,73294,73296,73298,73300,73302,73304,73306,73308,73310,73312,73314,73316,73318,73320],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73289,3525],{"class":53},[39,73291,629],{"class":243},[39,73293,18380],{"class":247},[39,73295,629],{"class":243},[39,73297,61],{"class":53},[39,73299,2920],{"class":243},[39,73301,9352],{"class":247},[39,73303,629],{"class":243},[39,73305,61],{"class":53},[39,73307,2920],{"class":243},[39,73309,1070],{"class":247},[39,73311,629],{"class":243},[39,73313,61],{"class":53},[39,73315,2920],{"class":243},[39,73317,173],{"class":247},[39,73319,629],{"class":243},[39,73321,3262],{"class":53},[134,73323,1781],{"id":1780},[20,73325,1784],{},[30,73327,73329],{"className":32,"code":73328,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.reverse()\n",[15,73330,73331],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73332,73333,73335,73337,73339],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73334,7955],{"class":45},[39,73336,94],{"class":53},[39,73338,73167],{"class":97},[39,73340,8257],{"class":53},[20,73342,12664],{},[147,73344,73345,73348,73351],{},[150,73346,73347],{},"No arguments are needed",[150,73349,73350],{},"You call it on an existing list",[150,73352,73353],{},"It only works on lists",[20,73355,515],{},[30,73357,73359],{"className":32,"code":73358,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\ncolors.reverse()\nprint(colors)\n",[15,73360,73361,73393,73403],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73362,73363,73365,73367,73369,73371,73373,73375,73377,73379,73381,73383,73385,73387,73389,73391],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73364,236],{"class":45},[39,73366,50],{"class":49},[39,73368,3249],{"class":53},[39,73370,244],{"class":243},[39,73372,248],{"class":247},[39,73374,244],{"class":243},[39,73376,61],{"class":53},[39,73378,255],{"class":243},[39,73380,275],{"class":247},[39,73382,244],{"class":243},[39,73384,61],{"class":53},[39,73386,255],{"class":243},[39,73388,258],{"class":247},[39,73390,244],{"class":243},[39,73392,3262],{"class":53},[39,73394,73395,73397,73399,73401],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73396,288],{"class":45},[39,73398,94],{"class":53},[39,73400,73167],{"class":97},[39,73402,8257],{"class":53},[39,73404,73405,73407,73409,73411],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,73406,113],{"class":112},[39,73408,101],{"class":53},[39,73410,288],{"class":97},[39,73412,80],{"class":53},[20,73414,458],{},[30,73416,73418],{"className":32,"code":73417,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['blue', 'green', 'red']\n",[15,73419,73420],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73421,73422,73424,73426,73428,73430,73432,73434,73436,73438,73440,73442,73444,73446],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73423,3525],{"class":53},[39,73425,629],{"class":243},[39,73427,258],{"class":247},[39,73429,629],{"class":243},[39,73431,61],{"class":53},[39,73433,2920],{"class":243},[39,73435,275],{"class":247},[39,73437,629],{"class":243},[39,73439,61],{"class":53},[39,73441,2920],{"class":243},[39,73443,248],{"class":247},[39,73445,629],{"class":243},[39,73447,3262],{"class":53},[134,73449,355],{"id":354},[20,73451,73452],{},"Start with a list in normal order:",[30,73454,73456],{"className":32,"code":73455,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73457,73458,73482,73492],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73459,73460,73462,73464,73466,73468,73470,73472,73474,73476,73478,73480],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73461,46],{"class":45},[39,73463,50],{"class":49},[39,73465,3249],{"class":53},[39,73467,682],{"class":57},[39,73469,61],{"class":53},[39,73471,687],{"class":57},[39,73473,61],{"class":53},[39,73475,697],{"class":57},[39,73477,61],{"class":53},[39,73479,50449],{"class":57},[39,73481,3262],{"class":53},[39,73483,73484,73486,73488,73490],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73485,992],{"class":45},[39,73487,94],{"class":53},[39,73489,73167],{"class":97},[39,73491,8257],{"class":53},[39,73493,73494,73496,73498,73500],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,73495,113],{"class":112},[39,73497,101],{"class":53},[39,73499,992],{"class":97},[39,73501,80],{"class":53},[20,73503,458],{},[30,73505,73507],{"className":32,"code":73506,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,73508,73509],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73510,73511,73513,73515,73517,73519,73521,73523,73525,73527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73512,3525],{"class":53},[39,73514,56294],{"class":57},[39,73516,61],{"class":53},[39,73518,697],{"class":57},[39,73520,61],{"class":53},[39,73522,687],{"class":57},[39,73524,61],{"class":53},[39,73526,692],{"class":57},[39,73528,3262],{"class":53},[20,73530,11295],{},[147,73532,73533,73539,73544],{},[150,73534,73535,73536],{},"The list starts as ",[15,73537,73538],{},"[10, 20, 30, 40]",[150,73540,73541,73543],{},[15,73542,73111],{}," flips the order",[150,73545,73546],{},"Printing the same list shows the updated result",[134,73548,73550,73552],{"id":73549},"reverse-changes-the-original-list",[15,73551,73111],{}," changes the original list",[20,73554,73555,73556,73559],{},"This method is ",[3367,73557,73558],{},"in-place",". That means the list itself is changed.",[30,73561,73563],{"className":32,"code":73562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nfruits.reverse()\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,73564,73565,73597,73607,73611],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73566,73567,73569,73571,73573,73575,73577,73579,73581,73583,73585,73587,73589,73591,73593,73595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73568,368],{"class":45},[39,73570,50],{"class":49},[39,73572,3249],{"class":53},[39,73574,244],{"class":243},[39,73576,377],{"class":247},[39,73578,244],{"class":243},[39,73580,61],{"class":53},[39,73582,255],{"class":243},[39,73584,386],{"class":247},[39,73586,244],{"class":243},[39,73588,61],{"class":53},[39,73590,255],{"class":243},[39,73592,3720],{"class":247},[39,73594,244],{"class":243},[39,73596,3262],{"class":53},[39,73598,73599,73601,73603,73605],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73600,35904],{"class":45},[39,73602,94],{"class":53},[39,73604,73167],{"class":97},[39,73606,8257],{"class":53},[39,73608,73609],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,73610,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,73612,73613,73615,73617,73619],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,73614,113],{"class":112},[39,73616,101],{"class":53},[39,73618,35904],{"class":97},[39,73620,80],{"class":53},[20,73622,458],{},[30,73624,73626],{"className":32,"code":73625,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73627,73628],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73629,73630,73632,73634,73636,73638,73640,73642,73644,73646,73648,73650,73652,73654],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73631,3525],{"class":53},[39,73633,629],{"class":243},[39,73635,3720],{"class":247},[39,73637,629],{"class":243},[39,73639,61],{"class":53},[39,73641,2920],{"class":243},[39,73643,386],{"class":247},[39,73645,629],{"class":243},[39,73647,61],{"class":53},[39,73649,2920],{"class":243},[39,73651,377],{"class":247},[39,73653,629],{"class":243},[39,73655,3262],{"class":53},[20,73657,128,73658,73660],{},[15,73659,73111],{}," when you want to modify the current list.",[20,73662,73663],{},"If you need a new reversed list and want to keep the original unchanged, use slicing:",[30,73665,73667],{"className":32,"code":73666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\nreversed_fruits = fruits[::-1]\n\nprint(fruits)\nprint(reversed_fruits)\n",[15,73668,73669,73701,73719,73723,73733],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73670,73671,73673,73675,73677,73679,73681,73683,73685,73687,73689,73691,73693,73695,73697,73699],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73672,368],{"class":45},[39,73674,50],{"class":49},[39,73676,3249],{"class":53},[39,73678,244],{"class":243},[39,73680,377],{"class":247},[39,73682,244],{"class":243},[39,73684,61],{"class":53},[39,73686,255],{"class":243},[39,73688,386],{"class":247},[39,73690,244],{"class":243},[39,73692,61],{"class":53},[39,73694,255],{"class":243},[39,73696,3720],{"class":247},[39,73698,244],{"class":243},[39,73700,3262],{"class":53},[39,73702,73703,73706,73708,73710,73713,73715,73717],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73704,73705],{"class":45},"reversed_fruits ",[39,73707,50],{"class":49},[39,73709,430],{"class":45},[39,73711,73712],{"class":53},"[::",[39,73714,1648],{"class":49},[39,73716,58],{"class":57},[39,73718,3262],{"class":53},[39,73720,73721],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,73722,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,73724,73725,73727,73729,73731],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,73726,113],{"class":112},[39,73728,101],{"class":53},[39,73730,35904],{"class":97},[39,73732,80],{"class":53},[39,73734,73735,73737,73739,73742],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,73736,113],{"class":112},[39,73738,101],{"class":53},[39,73740,73741],{"class":97},"reversed_fruits",[39,73743,80],{"class":53},[20,73745,458],{},[30,73747,73749],{"className":32,"code":73748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n['cherry', 'banana', 'apple']\n",[15,73750,73751,73779],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73752,73753,73755,73757,73759,73761,73763,73765,73767,73769,73771,73773,73775,73777],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73754,3525],{"class":53},[39,73756,629],{"class":243},[39,73758,377],{"class":247},[39,73760,629],{"class":243},[39,73762,61],{"class":53},[39,73764,2920],{"class":243},[39,73766,386],{"class":247},[39,73768,629],{"class":243},[39,73770,61],{"class":53},[39,73772,2920],{"class":243},[39,73774,3720],{"class":247},[39,73776,629],{"class":243},[39,73778,3262],{"class":53},[39,73780,73781,73783,73785,73787,73789,73791,73793,73795,73797,73799,73801,73803,73805],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73782,3525],{"class":53},[39,73784,629],{"class":243},[39,73786,3720],{"class":247},[39,73788,629],{"class":243},[39,73790,61],{"class":53},[39,73792,2920],{"class":243},[39,73794,386],{"class":247},[39,73796,629],{"class":243},[39,73798,61],{"class":53},[39,73800,2920],{"class":243},[39,73802,377],{"class":247},[39,73804,629],{"class":243},[39,73806,3262],{"class":53},[20,73808,73809,73810,94],{},"If you want to learn more about this pattern, see ",[173,73811,73812],{"href":73129},"Python list slicing explained",[134,73814,73816],{"id":73815},"common-beginner-mistake-assigning-the-result","Common beginner mistake: assigning the result",[20,73818,73819],{},"A very common mistake is writing code like this:",[30,73821,73823],{"className":32,"code":73822,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnew_list = numbers.reverse()\n\nprint(new_list)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73824,73825,73845,73859,73863,73874],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73826,73827,73829,73831,73833,73835,73837,73839,73841,73843],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73828,46],{"class":45},[39,73830,50],{"class":49},[39,73832,3249],{"class":53},[39,73834,58],{"class":57},[39,73836,61],{"class":53},[39,73838,64],{"class":57},[39,73840,61],{"class":53},[39,73842,73],{"class":57},[39,73844,3262],{"class":53},[39,73846,73847,73849,73851,73853,73855,73857],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73848,55491],{"class":45},[39,73850,50],{"class":49},[39,73852,91],{"class":45},[39,73854,94],{"class":53},[39,73856,73167],{"class":97},[39,73858,8257],{"class":53},[39,73860,73861],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,73862,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,73864,73865,73867,73869,73872],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,73866,113],{"class":112},[39,73868,101],{"class":53},[39,73870,73871],{"class":97},"new_list",[39,73873,80],{"class":53},[39,73875,73876,73878,73880,73882],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,73877,113],{"class":112},[39,73879,101],{"class":53},[39,73881,992],{"class":97},[39,73883,80],{"class":53},[20,73885,458],{},[30,73887,73889],{"className":32,"code":73888,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73890,73891,73895],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73892,73893],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73894,11420],{"class":3477},[39,73896,73897,73899,73901,73903,73905,73907,73909],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73898,3525],{"class":53},[39,73900,479],{"class":57},[39,73902,61],{"class":53},[39,73904,64],{"class":57},[39,73906,61],{"class":53},[39,73908,595],{"class":57},[39,73910,3262],{"class":53},[20,73912,11512],{},[147,73914,73915,73923,73927],{},[150,73916,73917,73919,73920,73922],{},[15,73918,73111],{}," changes ",[15,73921,992],{}," directly",[150,73924,40517,73925,71429],{},[3367,73926,4254],{},[150,73928,53255,73929,41764,73931],{},[15,73930,73871],{},[15,73932,3403],{},[20,73934,61489],{},[30,73936,73938],{"className":32,"code":73937,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nnumbers.reverse()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,73939,73940,73960,73970,73974],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73941,73942,73944,73946,73948,73950,73952,73954,73956,73958],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73943,46],{"class":45},[39,73945,50],{"class":49},[39,73947,3249],{"class":53},[39,73949,58],{"class":57},[39,73951,61],{"class":53},[39,73953,64],{"class":57},[39,73955,61],{"class":53},[39,73957,73],{"class":57},[39,73959,3262],{"class":53},[39,73961,73962,73964,73966,73968],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,73963,992],{"class":45},[39,73965,94],{"class":53},[39,73967,73167],{"class":97},[39,73969,8257],{"class":53},[39,73971,73972],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,73973,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,73975,73976,73978,73980,73982],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,73977,113],{"class":112},[39,73979,101],{"class":53},[39,73981,992],{"class":97},[39,73983,80],{"class":53},[20,73985,458],{},[30,73987,73989],{"className":32,"code":73988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,73990,73991],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,73992,73993,73995,73997,73999,74001,74003,74005],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,73994,3525],{"class":53},[39,73996,479],{"class":57},[39,73998,61],{"class":53},[39,74000,64],{"class":57},[39,74002,61],{"class":53},[39,74004,595],{"class":57},[39,74006,3262],{"class":53},[134,74008,74010,10198,74012,74015],{"id":74009},"reverse-vs-sorted-vs-slicing",[15,74011,73111],{},[15,74013,74014],{},"sorted()"," vs slicing",[20,74017,74018],{},"These are similar, but they do different jobs.",[223,74020,74021],{"id":73167},[15,74022,73111],{},[20,74024,74025,74027],{},[15,74026,73111],{}," flips the current order of the list.",[30,74029,74031],{"className":32,"code":74030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.reverse()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,74032,74033,74053,74063],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74034,74035,74037,74039,74041,74043,74045,74047,74049,74051],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74036,46],{"class":45},[39,74038,50],{"class":49},[39,74040,3249],{"class":53},[39,74042,479],{"class":57},[39,74044,61],{"class":53},[39,74046,595],{"class":57},[39,74048,61],{"class":53},[39,74050,64],{"class":57},[39,74052,3262],{"class":53},[39,74054,74055,74057,74059,74061],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74056,992],{"class":45},[39,74058,94],{"class":53},[39,74060,73167],{"class":97},[39,74062,8257],{"class":53},[39,74064,74065,74067,74069,74071],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,74066,113],{"class":112},[39,74068,101],{"class":53},[39,74070,992],{"class":97},[39,74072,80],{"class":53},[20,74074,458],{},[30,74076,74078],{"className":32,"code":74077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74079,74080],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74081,74082,74084,74086,74088,74090,74092,74094],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74083,3525],{"class":53},[39,74085,104],{"class":57},[39,74087,61],{"class":53},[39,74089,595],{"class":57},[39,74091,61],{"class":53},[39,74093,73],{"class":57},[39,74095,3262],{"class":53},[20,74097,74098,74099,74101],{},"Notice that this is ",[3367,74100,4254],{}," sorted order. It is just the original list backward.",[223,74103,74105],{"id":74104},"sorted",[15,74106,74014],{},[20,74108,74109,74114],{},[173,74110,74112],{"href":74111},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained\u002F",[15,74113,74014],{}," returns a new list in sorted order.",[30,74116,74118],{"className":32,"code":74117,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74119,74120,74140,74155,74159,74169],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74121,74122,74124,74126,74128,74130,74132,74134,74136,74138],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74123,46],{"class":45},[39,74125,50],{"class":49},[39,74127,3249],{"class":53},[39,74129,479],{"class":57},[39,74131,61],{"class":53},[39,74133,595],{"class":57},[39,74135,61],{"class":53},[39,74137,64],{"class":57},[39,74139,3262],{"class":53},[39,74141,74142,74144,74146,74149,74151,74153],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74143,86],{"class":45},[39,74145,50],{"class":49},[39,74147,74148],{"class":112}," sorted",[39,74150,101],{"class":53},[39,74152,992],{"class":97},[39,74154,80],{"class":53},[39,74156,74157],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,74158,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,74160,74161,74163,74165,74167],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,74162,113],{"class":112},[39,74164,101],{"class":53},[39,74166,992],{"class":97},[39,74168,80],{"class":53},[39,74170,74171,74173,74175,74177],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,74172,113],{"class":112},[39,74174,101],{"class":53},[39,74176,118],{"class":97},[39,74178,80],{"class":53},[20,74180,458],{},[30,74182,74184],{"className":32,"code":74183,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 1, 2]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74185,74186,74202],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74187,74188,74190,74192,74194,74196,74198,74200],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74189,3525],{"class":53},[39,74191,479],{"class":57},[39,74193,61],{"class":53},[39,74195,595],{"class":57},[39,74197,61],{"class":53},[39,74199,64],{"class":57},[39,74201,3262],{"class":53},[39,74203,74204,74206,74208,74210,74212,74214,74216],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74205,3525],{"class":53},[39,74207,58],{"class":57},[39,74209,61],{"class":53},[39,74211,64],{"class":57},[39,74213,61],{"class":53},[39,74215,73],{"class":57},[39,74217,3262],{"class":53},[20,74219,74220,74221,94],{},"If you want descending sorted order, you can use ",[15,74222,74223],{},"sorted(numbers, reverse=True)",[223,74225,74227],{"id":74226},"slicing","Slicing",[20,74229,74230,74231,74234],{},"Slicing with ",[15,74232,74233],{},"[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy.",[30,74236,74238],{"className":32,"code":74237,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers[::-1]\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,74239,74240,74260,74276,74280,74290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74241,74242,74244,74246,74248,74250,74252,74254,74256,74258],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74243,46],{"class":45},[39,74245,50],{"class":49},[39,74247,3249],{"class":53},[39,74249,479],{"class":57},[39,74251,61],{"class":53},[39,74253,595],{"class":57},[39,74255,61],{"class":53},[39,74257,64],{"class":57},[39,74259,3262],{"class":53},[39,74261,74262,74264,74266,74268,74270,74272,74274],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74263,86],{"class":45},[39,74265,50],{"class":49},[39,74267,91],{"class":45},[39,74269,73712],{"class":53},[39,74271,1648],{"class":49},[39,74273,58],{"class":57},[39,74275,3262],{"class":53},[39,74277,74278],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,74279,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,74281,74282,74284,74286,74288],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,74283,113],{"class":112},[39,74285,101],{"class":53},[39,74287,992],{"class":97},[39,74289,80],{"class":53},[39,74291,74292,74294,74296,74298],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,74293,113],{"class":112},[39,74295,101],{"class":53},[39,74297,118],{"class":97},[39,74299,80],{"class":53},[20,74301,458],{},[30,74303,74305],{"className":32,"code":74304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 1, 2]\n[2, 1, 3]\n",[15,74306,74307,74323],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74308,74309,74311,74313,74315,74317,74319,74321],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74310,3525],{"class":53},[39,74312,479],{"class":57},[39,74314,61],{"class":53},[39,74316,595],{"class":57},[39,74318,61],{"class":53},[39,74320,64],{"class":57},[39,74322,3262],{"class":53},[39,74324,74325,74327,74329,74331,74333,74335,74337],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74326,3525],{"class":53},[39,74328,104],{"class":57},[39,74330,61],{"class":53},[39,74332,595],{"class":57},[39,74334,61],{"class":53},[39,74336,73],{"class":57},[39,74338,3262],{"class":53},[223,74340,74342],{"id":74341},"quick-comparison","Quick comparison",[147,74344,74345,74350,74355],{},[150,74346,128,74347,74349],{},[15,74348,73111],{}," when you want to change the original list",[150,74351,128,74352,74354],{},[15,74353,74233],{}," when you want a reversed copy",[150,74356,128,74357,74359],{},[15,74358,74014],{}," when you want items in sorted order",[20,74361,74362,74363,74369],{},"You may also want to compare this with the ",[173,74364,74366,74367,1533],{"href":74365},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method\u002F","list ",[15,74368,63903],{},", which sorts a list in place instead of reversing it.",[134,74371,4584,74373],{"id":74372},"when-to-use-reverse",[15,74374,73111],{},[20,74376,74377,74379],{},[15,74378,73111],{}," is a good choice:",[147,74381,74382,74385,74388],{},[150,74383,74384],{},"When the list is already in the order you want to flip",[150,74386,74387],{},"When changing the original list is acceptable",[150,74389,74390],{},"When you want a simple built-in way to reverse items",[20,74392,74393,74394,94],{},"For a task-focused guide with multiple ways to do this, see ",[173,74395,74397],{"href":74396},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-reverse-a-list-in-python\u002F","How to reverse a list in Python",[134,74399,944],{"id":943},[20,74401,74402,74403,74405],{},"Beginners often run into problems with ",[15,74404,73111],{}," for these reasons:",[147,74407,74408,74412,74417,74422],{},[150,74409,12206,74410,12209],{},[15,74411,73111],{},[150,74413,1030,74414,74416],{},[15,74415,73111],{}," to sort values from highest to lowest",[150,74418,948,74419,74421],{},[15,74420,73111],{}," on a string or tuple instead of a list",[150,74423,1160,74424,1163,74426],{},[15,74425,73111],{},[15,74427,74428],{},"reversed()",[20,74430,74431],{},"Here is an example of using it on the wrong type:",[30,74433,74435],{"className":32,"code":74434,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.reverse()\n",[15,74436,74437,74449],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74438,74439,74441,74443,74445,74447],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74440,34302],{"class":45},[39,74442,50],{"class":49},[39,74444,255],{"class":243},[39,74446,3470],{"class":247},[39,74448,2983],{"class":243},[39,74450,74451,74453,74455,74457],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74452,34323],{"class":45},[39,74454,94],{"class":53},[39,74456,73167],{"class":97},[39,74458,8257],{"class":53},[20,74460,74461,74462,33214],{},"This causes an error because strings do not have a ",[15,74463,73111],{},[20,74465,74466],{},"If you are not sure what type a variable is, check it first:",[30,74468,74470],{"className":32,"code":74469,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\n\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74471,74472,74492,74496,74506,74520,74524,74538,74548,74552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74473,74474,74476,74478,74480,74482,74484,74486,74488,74490],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74475,7924],{"class":45},[39,74477,50],{"class":49},[39,74479,3249],{"class":53},[39,74481,58],{"class":57},[39,74483,61],{"class":53},[39,74485,64],{"class":57},[39,74487,61],{"class":53},[39,74489,73],{"class":57},[39,74491,3262],{"class":53},[39,74493,74494],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74495,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,74497,74498,74500,74502,74504],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,74499,113],{"class":112},[39,74501,101],{"class":53},[39,74503,7955],{"class":97},[39,74505,80],{"class":53},[39,74507,74508,74510,74512,74514,74516,74518],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,74509,113],{"class":112},[39,74511,101],{"class":53},[39,74513,2845],{"class":2523},[39,74515,101],{"class":53},[39,74517,7955],{"class":97},[39,74519,1026],{"class":53},[39,74521,74522],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,74523,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,74525,74526,74528,74530,74532,74534,74536],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,74527,86],{"class":45},[39,74529,50],{"class":49},[39,74531,8012],{"class":45},[39,74533,94],{"class":53},[39,74535,73167],{"class":97},[39,74537,8257],{"class":53},[39,74539,74540,74542,74544,74546],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,74541,113],{"class":112},[39,74543,101],{"class":53},[39,74545,118],{"class":97},[39,74547,80],{"class":53},[39,74549,74550],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,74551,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,74553,74554,74556,74558,74560,74562,74564,74566],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,74555,113],{"class":112},[39,74557,101],{"class":53},[39,74559,7955],{"class":97},[39,74561,73712],{"class":53},[39,74563,1648],{"class":49},[39,74565,58],{"class":57},[39,74567,3513],{"class":53},[20,74569,458],{},[30,74571,74573],{"className":32,"code":74572,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[1, 2, 1]\n",[15,74574,74575,74591,74605,74609],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74576,74577,74579,74581,74583,74585,74587,74589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74578,3525],{"class":53},[39,74580,58],{"class":57},[39,74582,61],{"class":53},[39,74584,64],{"class":57},[39,74586,61],{"class":53},[39,74588,73],{"class":57},[39,74590,3262],{"class":53},[39,74592,74593,74595,74597,74599,74601,74603],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74594,2914],{"class":49},[39,74596,2917],{"class":1689},[39,74598,2920],{"class":243},[39,74600,7710],{"class":247},[39,74602,629],{"class":243},[39,74604,2927],{"class":49},[39,74606,74607],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,74608,11420],{"class":3477},[39,74610,74611,74613,74615,74617,74619,74621,74623],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,74612,3525],{"class":53},[39,74614,58],{"class":57},[39,74616,61],{"class":53},[39,74618,64],{"class":57},[39,74620,61],{"class":53},[39,74622,595],{"class":57},[39,74624,3262],{"class":53},[20,74626,74627],{},"Wait — the last output above would be wrong for that list, so here is the correct runnable example:",[30,74629,74631],{"className":32,"code":74630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list = [1, 2, 3]\n\nprint(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\n\nresult = my_list.reverse()\nprint(result)\nprint(my_list)\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,74632,74633,74653,74657,74667,74681,74685,74699,74709,74719],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74634,74635,74637,74639,74641,74643,74645,74647,74649,74651],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74636,7924],{"class":45},[39,74638,50],{"class":49},[39,74640,3249],{"class":53},[39,74642,58],{"class":57},[39,74644,61],{"class":53},[39,74646,64],{"class":57},[39,74648,61],{"class":53},[39,74650,73],{"class":57},[39,74652,3262],{"class":53},[39,74654,74655],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74656,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,74658,74659,74661,74663,74665],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,74660,113],{"class":112},[39,74662,101],{"class":53},[39,74664,7955],{"class":97},[39,74666,80],{"class":53},[39,74668,74669,74671,74673,74675,74677,74679],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,74670,113],{"class":112},[39,74672,101],{"class":53},[39,74674,2845],{"class":2523},[39,74676,101],{"class":53},[39,74678,7955],{"class":97},[39,74680,1026],{"class":53},[39,74682,74683],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,74684,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,74686,74687,74689,74691,74693,74695,74697],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,74688,86],{"class":45},[39,74690,50],{"class":49},[39,74692,8012],{"class":45},[39,74694,94],{"class":53},[39,74696,73167],{"class":97},[39,74698,8257],{"class":53},[39,74700,74701,74703,74705,74707],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,74702,113],{"class":112},[39,74704,101],{"class":53},[39,74706,118],{"class":97},[39,74708,80],{"class":53},[39,74710,74711,74713,74715,74717],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,74712,113],{"class":112},[39,74714,101],{"class":53},[39,74716,7955],{"class":97},[39,74718,80],{"class":53},[39,74720,74721,74723,74725,74727,74729,74731,74733],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,74722,113],{"class":112},[39,74724,101],{"class":53},[39,74726,7955],{"class":97},[39,74728,73712],{"class":53},[39,74730,1648],{"class":49},[39,74732,58],{"class":57},[39,74734,3513],{"class":53},[20,74736,458],{},[30,74738,74740],{"className":32,"code":74739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nNone\n[3, 2, 1]\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,74741,74742,74758,74772,74776,74792],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74743,74744,74746,74748,74750,74752,74754,74756],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74745,3525],{"class":53},[39,74747,58],{"class":57},[39,74749,61],{"class":53},[39,74751,64],{"class":57},[39,74753,61],{"class":53},[39,74755,73],{"class":57},[39,74757,3262],{"class":53},[39,74759,74760,74762,74764,74766,74768,74770],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,74761,2914],{"class":49},[39,74763,2917],{"class":1689},[39,74765,2920],{"class":243},[39,74767,7710],{"class":247},[39,74769,629],{"class":243},[39,74771,2927],{"class":49},[39,74773,74774],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,74775,11420],{"class":3477},[39,74777,74778,74780,74782,74784,74786,74788,74790],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,74779,3525],{"class":53},[39,74781,479],{"class":57},[39,74783,61],{"class":53},[39,74785,64],{"class":57},[39,74787,61],{"class":53},[39,74789,595],{"class":57},[39,74791,3262],{"class":53},[39,74793,74794,74796,74798,74800,74802,74804,74806],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,74795,3525],{"class":53},[39,74797,58],{"class":57},[39,74799,61],{"class":53},[39,74801,64],{"class":57},[39,74803,61],{"class":53},[39,74805,73],{"class":57},[39,74807,3262],{"class":53},[20,74809,74810],{},"Notice the last line carefully:",[147,74812,74813,74822,74831],{},[150,74814,27407,74815,74818,74819],{},[15,74816,74817],{},"my_list.reverse()",", the list becomes ",[15,74820,74821],{},"[3, 2, 1]",[150,74823,11527,74824,74827,74828,22171],{},[15,74825,74826],{},"my_list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy of the ",[3367,74829,74830],{},"current",[150,74832,74833,74834],{},"So it prints ",[15,74835,74836],{},"[1, 2, 3]",[134,74838,1454],{"id":1453},[223,74840,1468,74842,55070],{"id":74841},"does-listreverse-return-a-new-list",[15,74843,73116],{},[20,74845,62194,74846,94],{},[15,74847,3403],{},[223,74849,33819,74851,33822,74853,929],{"id":74850},"how-is-reverse-different-from-sortedreversetrue",[15,74852,73111],{},[15,74854,74855],{},"sorted(reverse=True)",[20,74857,74858,74860],{},[15,74859,73111],{}," only flips the current order.",[20,74862,74863,74865],{},[15,74864,74855],{}," sorts the items first, then returns them in descending order.",[223,74867,27940,74869,74871],{"id":74868},"can-i-use-reverse-on-a-tuple-or-string",[15,74870,73111],{}," on a tuple or string?",[20,74873,45971,74874,74876],{},[15,74875,73111],{}," is a list method. Tuples and strings do not have this method.",[223,74878,74880],{"id":74879},"how-do-i-reverse-a-list-without-changing-the-original","How do I reverse a list without changing the original?",[20,74882,74883],{},"Use slicing:",[30,74885,74887],{"className":32,"code":74886,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list[::-1]\n",[15,74888,74889],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74890,74891,74893,74895,74897,74899],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74892,7955],{"class":45},[39,74894,73712],{"class":53},[39,74896,1648],{"class":49},[39,74898,58],{"class":57},[39,74900,3262],{"class":53},[20,74902,74903],{},"Or use:",[30,74905,74907],{"className":32,"code":74906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list(reversed(my_list))\n",[15,74908,74909],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,74910,74911,74913,74915,74918,74920,74922],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,74912,7710],{"class":2523},[39,74914,101],{"class":53},[39,74916,74917],{"class":112},"reversed",[39,74919,101],{"class":53},[39,74921,7955],{"class":97},[39,74923,1026],{"class":53},[20,74925,74926,74927,74931],{},"If you need to keep a separate version of a list before changing it, ",[173,74928,55121,74929],{"href":54561},[15,74930,12388],{}," can also help.",[134,74933,1514],{"id":1513},[147,74935,74936,74942,74948,74952,74956],{},[150,74937,74938],{},[173,74939,55121,74940,1533],{"href":74365},[15,74941,63903],{},[150,74943,74944],{},[173,74945,3202,74946,3135],{"href":74111},[15,74947,74014],{},[150,74949,74950],{},[173,74951,74397],{"href":74396},[150,74953,74954],{},[173,74955,73812],{"href":73129},[150,74957,74958],{},[173,74959,55121,74960,1533],{"href":54561},[15,74961,12388],{},[1550,74963,74964],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":74966},[74967,74968,74970,74971,74972,74974,74975,74982,74984,74985,74994],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":73190,"depth":83,"text":74969},"What list.reverse() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":73549,"depth":83,"text":74973},"reverse() changes the original list",{"id":73815,"depth":83,"text":73816},{"id":74009,"depth":83,"text":74976,"children":74977},"reverse() vs sorted() vs slicing",[74978,74979,74980,74981],{"id":73167,"depth":109,"text":73111},{"id":74104,"depth":109,"text":74014},{"id":74226,"depth":109,"text":74227},{"id":74341,"depth":109,"text":74342},{"id":74372,"depth":83,"text":74983},"When to use reverse()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":74986},[74987,74989,74991,74993],{"id":74841,"depth":109,"text":74988},"Does list.reverse() return a new list?",{"id":74850,"depth":109,"text":74990},"How is reverse() different from sorted(reverse=True)?",{"id":74868,"depth":109,"text":74992},"Can I use reverse() on a tuple or string?",{"id":74879,"depth":109,"text":74880},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list reverse method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method",{"title":73103,"description":74995},"reference\u002Fpython-list-reverse-method","GoeoBvCO4O891oJThYue_Af4uTq12-LuXTFyhK08BAs",{"id":75002,"title":75003,"body":75004,"description":77437,"extension":1587,"meta":77438,"navigation":420,"path":77439,"seo":77440,"stem":77441,"__hash__":77442},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained.md","Python List Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":75005,"toc":77405},[75006,75009,75021,75024,75047,75055,75057,75169,75178,75182,75185,75188,75275,75277,75310,75312,75335,75341,75345,75348,75370,75372,75389,75392,75412,75414,75524,75526,75603,75607,75610,75653,75655,75788,75790,75892,75897,75901,75904,75906,75920,75923,76037,76039,76113,76115,76143,76147,76152,76182,76185,76311,76313,76395,76401,76405,76407,76446,76455,76459,76462,76466,76513,76515,76523,76527,76578,76580,76593,76595,76609,76612,76620,76622,76669,76671,76679,76682,76725,76730,76733,76736,76759,76763,76814,76817,76838,76848,76852,76854,76884,76887,76910,76914,76917,76984,76986,77023,77026,77034,77101,77103,77140,77146,77153,77157,77160,77190,77195,77199,77202,77226,77229,77323,77333,77335,77339,77342,77346,77349,77354,77357,77363,77366,77368,77396,77402],[10,75007,75003],{"id":75008},"python-list-slicing-explained",[20,75010,75011,75012,1814,75014,16685,75017,75020],{},"List slicing lets you get part of a list in Python. It is a very common pattern, and once you understand ",[15,75013,35687],{},[15,75015,75016],{},"stop",[15,75018,75019],{},"step",", it becomes much easier to read and write Python code.",[20,75022,75023],{},"The basic slice form is:",[30,75025,75027],{"className":32,"code":75026,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list[start:stop:step]\n",[15,75028,75029],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75030,75031,75033,75035,75037,75039,75041,75043,75045],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75032,7955],{"class":45},[39,75034,3525],{"class":53},[39,75036,35687],{"class":45},[39,75038,145],{"class":53},[39,75040,75016],{"class":45},[39,75042,145],{"class":53},[39,75044,75019],{"class":45},[39,75046,3262],{"class":53},[20,75048,75049,75050,75052,75053,94],{},"You can leave out parts of the slice, and Python will use default values. One important rule to remember is that the ",[15,75051,75016],{}," position is ",[3367,75054,64661],{},[134,75056,1629],{"id":1628},[30,75058,75060],{"className":32,"code":75059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # [20, 30, 40]\nprint(numbers[:3])    # [10, 20, 30]\nprint(numbers[::2])   # [10, 30, 50]\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75061,75062,75090,75094,75115,75133,75150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75063,75064,75066,75068,75070,75072,75074,75076,75078,75080,75082,75084,75086,75088],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75065,46],{"class":45},[39,75067,50],{"class":49},[39,75069,3249],{"class":53},[39,75071,682],{"class":57},[39,75073,61],{"class":53},[39,75075,687],{"class":57},[39,75077,61],{"class":53},[39,75079,697],{"class":57},[39,75081,61],{"class":53},[39,75083,50449],{"class":57},[39,75085,61],{"class":53},[39,75087,4703],{"class":57},[39,75089,3262],{"class":53},[39,75091,75092],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,75093,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,75095,75096,75098,75100,75102,75104,75106,75108,75110,75112],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,75097,113],{"class":112},[39,75099,101],{"class":53},[39,75101,992],{"class":97},[39,75103,3525],{"class":53},[39,75105,58],{"class":57},[39,75107,145],{"class":53},[39,75109,1333],{"class":57},[39,75111,20058],{"class":53},[39,75113,75114],{"class":124},"   # [20, 30, 40]\n",[39,75116,75117,75119,75121,75123,75126,75128,75130],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,75118,113],{"class":112},[39,75120,101],{"class":53},[39,75122,992],{"class":97},[39,75124,75125],{"class":53},"[:",[39,75127,479],{"class":57},[39,75129,20058],{"class":53},[39,75131,75132],{"class":124},"    # [10, 20, 30]\n",[39,75134,75135,75137,75139,75141,75143,75145,75147],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,75136,113],{"class":112},[39,75138,101],{"class":53},[39,75140,992],{"class":97},[39,75142,73712],{"class":53},[39,75144,104],{"class":57},[39,75146,20058],{"class":53},[39,75148,75149],{"class":124},"   # [10, 30, 50]\n",[39,75151,75152,75154,75156,75158,75160,75162,75164,75166],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,75153,113],{"class":112},[39,75155,101],{"class":53},[39,75157,992],{"class":97},[39,75159,73712],{"class":53},[39,75161,1648],{"class":49},[39,75163,58],{"class":57},[39,75165,20058],{"class":53},[39,75167,75168],{"class":124},"  # [50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[20,75170,128,75171,75174,75175,75177],{},[15,75172,75173],{},"list[start:stop:step]",". The ",[15,75176,75016],{}," value is not included.",[134,75179,75181],{"id":75180},"what-list-slicing-means","What list slicing means",[20,75183,75184],{},"Slicing gets part of a list.",[20,75186,75187],{},"It uses square brackets with colons:",[30,75189,75191],{"className":32,"code":75190,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\npart = letters[1:4]\nprint(part)\n",[15,75192,75193,75241,75245,75264],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75194,75195,75197,75199,75201,75203,75205,75207,75209,75211,75213,75215,75217,75219,75221,75223,75225,75227,75229,75231,75233,75235,75237,75239],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75196,1053],{"class":45},[39,75198,50],{"class":49},[39,75200,3249],{"class":53},[39,75202,244],{"class":243},[39,75204,173],{"class":247},[39,75206,244],{"class":243},[39,75208,61],{"class":53},[39,75210,255],{"class":243},[39,75212,1070],{"class":247},[39,75214,244],{"class":243},[39,75216,61],{"class":53},[39,75218,255],{"class":243},[39,75220,9352],{"class":247},[39,75222,244],{"class":243},[39,75224,61],{"class":53},[39,75226,255],{"class":243},[39,75228,18380],{"class":247},[39,75230,244],{"class":243},[39,75232,61],{"class":53},[39,75234,255],{"class":243},[39,75236,60038],{"class":247},[39,75238,244],{"class":243},[39,75240,3262],{"class":53},[39,75242,75243],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,75244,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,75246,75247,75250,75252,75254,75256,75258,75260,75262],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,75248,75249],{"class":45},"part ",[39,75251,50],{"class":49},[39,75253,1091],{"class":45},[39,75255,3525],{"class":53},[39,75257,58],{"class":57},[39,75259,145],{"class":53},[39,75261,1333],{"class":57},[39,75263,3262],{"class":53},[39,75265,75266,75268,75270,75273],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,75267,113],{"class":112},[39,75269,101],{"class":53},[39,75271,75272],{"class":97},"part",[39,75274,80],{"class":53},[20,75276,458],{},[30,75278,75280],{"className":32,"code":75279,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,75281,75282],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75283,75284,75286,75288,75290,75292,75294,75296,75298,75300,75302,75304,75306,75308],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75285,3525],{"class":53},[39,75287,629],{"class":243},[39,75289,1070],{"class":247},[39,75291,629],{"class":243},[39,75293,61],{"class":53},[39,75295,2920],{"class":243},[39,75297,9352],{"class":247},[39,75299,629],{"class":243},[39,75301,61],{"class":53},[39,75303,2920],{"class":243},[39,75305,18380],{"class":247},[39,75307,629],{"class":243},[39,75309,3262],{"class":53},[20,75311,12664],{},[147,75313,75314,75317,75320,75326,75332],{},[150,75315,75316],{},"Slicing gets part of a list",[150,75318,75319],{},"It uses square brackets with colons",[150,75321,75322,75323],{},"Basic form: ",[15,75324,75325],{},"list[start:stop]",[150,75327,75328,75329,75331],{},"The item at ",[15,75330,75016],{}," is not included",[150,75333,75334],{},"Slicing returns a new list",[20,75336,75337,75338,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with lists, see the ",[173,75339,75340],{"href":50585},"beginner guide to Python lists",[134,75342,75344],{"id":75343},"how-slice-positions-work","How slice positions work",[20,75346,75347],{},"A slice can have up to three parts:",[30,75349,75350],{"className":32,"code":75026,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,75351,75352],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75353,75354,75356,75358,75360,75362,75364,75366,75368],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75355,7955],{"class":45},[39,75357,3525],{"class":53},[39,75359,35687],{"class":45},[39,75361,145],{"class":53},[39,75363,75016],{"class":45},[39,75365,145],{"class":53},[39,75367,75019],{"class":45},[39,75369,3262],{"class":53},[20,75371,64637],{},[147,75373,75374,75379,75384],{},[150,75375,75376,75378],{},[15,75377,35687],{}," is where slicing begins",[150,75380,75381,75383],{},[15,75382,75016],{}," is where slicing ends before that position",[150,75385,75386,75388],{},[15,75387,75019],{}," controls how many positions to move each time",[20,75390,75391],{},"If you leave part of the slice out:",[147,75393,75394,75400,75405],{},[150,75395,75396,75397,75399],{},"Missing ",[15,75398,35687],{}," means begin at the start of the list",[150,75401,75396,75402,75404],{},[15,75403,75016],{}," means go to the end of the list",[150,75406,75396,75407,75409,75410],{},[15,75408,75019],{}," means use ",[15,75411,58],{},[20,75413,515],{},[30,75415,75417],{"className":32,"code":75416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\nprint(numbers[:3])    # start from the beginning\nprint(numbers[2:])    # go to the end\nprint(numbers[::1])   # step of 1\n",[15,75418,75419,75447,75451,75472,75489,75507],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75420,75421,75423,75425,75427,75429,75431,75433,75435,75437,75439,75441,75443,75445],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75422,46],{"class":45},[39,75424,50],{"class":49},[39,75426,3249],{"class":53},[39,75428,682],{"class":57},[39,75430,61],{"class":53},[39,75432,687],{"class":57},[39,75434,61],{"class":53},[39,75436,697],{"class":57},[39,75438,61],{"class":53},[39,75440,50449],{"class":57},[39,75442,61],{"class":53},[39,75444,4703],{"class":57},[39,75446,3262],{"class":53},[39,75448,75449],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,75450,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,75452,75453,75455,75457,75459,75461,75463,75465,75467,75469],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,75454,113],{"class":112},[39,75456,101],{"class":53},[39,75458,992],{"class":97},[39,75460,3525],{"class":53},[39,75462,58],{"class":57},[39,75464,145],{"class":53},[39,75466,1333],{"class":57},[39,75468,20058],{"class":53},[39,75470,75471],{"class":124},"   # start at index 1, stop before index 4\n",[39,75473,75474,75476,75478,75480,75482,75484,75486],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,75475,113],{"class":112},[39,75477,101],{"class":53},[39,75479,992],{"class":97},[39,75481,75125],{"class":53},[39,75483,479],{"class":57},[39,75485,20058],{"class":53},[39,75487,75488],{"class":124},"    # start from the beginning\n",[39,75490,75491,75493,75495,75497,75499,75501,75504],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,75492,113],{"class":112},[39,75494,101],{"class":53},[39,75496,992],{"class":97},[39,75498,3525],{"class":53},[39,75500,104],{"class":57},[39,75502,75503],{"class":53},":])",[39,75505,75506],{"class":124},"    # go to the end\n",[39,75508,75509,75511,75513,75515,75517,75519,75521],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,75510,113],{"class":112},[39,75512,101],{"class":53},[39,75514,992],{"class":97},[39,75516,73712],{"class":53},[39,75518,58],{"class":57},[39,75520,20058],{"class":53},[39,75522,75523],{"class":124},"   # step of 1\n",[20,75525,458],{},[30,75527,75529],{"className":32,"code":75528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[20, 30, 40]\n[10, 20, 30]\n[30, 40, 50]\n[10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\n",[15,75530,75531,75547,75563,75579],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75532,75533,75535,75537,75539,75541,75543,75545],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75534,3525],{"class":53},[39,75536,15366],{"class":57},[39,75538,61],{"class":53},[39,75540,697],{"class":57},[39,75542,61],{"class":53},[39,75544,50449],{"class":57},[39,75546,3262],{"class":53},[39,75548,75549,75551,75553,75555,75557,75559,75561],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,75550,3525],{"class":53},[39,75552,682],{"class":57},[39,75554,61],{"class":53},[39,75556,687],{"class":57},[39,75558,61],{"class":53},[39,75560,697],{"class":57},[39,75562,3262],{"class":53},[39,75564,75565,75567,75569,75571,75573,75575,75577],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,75566,3525],{"class":53},[39,75568,36455],{"class":57},[39,75570,61],{"class":53},[39,75572,50449],{"class":57},[39,75574,61],{"class":53},[39,75576,4703],{"class":57},[39,75578,3262],{"class":53},[39,75580,75581,75583,75585,75587,75589,75591,75593,75595,75597,75599,75601],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,75582,3525],{"class":53},[39,75584,682],{"class":57},[39,75586,61],{"class":53},[39,75588,687],{"class":57},[39,75590,61],{"class":53},[39,75592,697],{"class":57},[39,75594,61],{"class":53},[39,75596,50449],{"class":57},[39,75598,61],{"class":53},[39,75600,4703],{"class":57},[39,75602,3262],{"class":53},[134,75604,75606],{"id":75605},"common-slicing-patterns","Common slicing patterns",[20,75608,75609],{},"These are some of the most useful slice patterns to know:",[147,75611,75612,75621,75630,75641,75647],{},[150,75613,75614,75617,75618,5582],{},[15,75615,75616],{},"list[:n]"," gets the first ",[15,75619,75620],{},"n",[150,75622,75623,75626,75627,75629],{},[15,75624,75625],{},"list[n:]"," gets items from position ",[15,75628,75620],{}," to the end",[150,75631,75632,75635,75636,75638,75639],{},[15,75633,75634],{},"list[a:b]"," gets items from ",[15,75637,173],{}," up to ",[15,75640,1070],{},[150,75642,75643,75646],{},[15,75644,75645],{},"list[::2]"," gets every second item",[150,75648,75649,75652],{},[15,75650,75651],{},"list[::-1]"," returns a reversed copy",[20,75654,515],{},[30,75656,75658],{"className":32,"code":75657,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[:3])    # first 3 items\nprint(numbers[3:])    # from index 3 to the end\nprint(numbers[1:5])   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\nprint(numbers[::2])   # every second item\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # reversed copy\n",[15,75659,75660,75693,75697,75714,75731,75752,75769],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75661,75662,75664,75666,75668,75670,75672,75674,75676,75678,75680,75682,75684,75686,75688,75691],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75663,46],{"class":45},[39,75665,50],{"class":49},[39,75667,3249],{"class":53},[39,75669,682],{"class":57},[39,75671,61],{"class":53},[39,75673,687],{"class":57},[39,75675,61],{"class":53},[39,75677,697],{"class":57},[39,75679,61],{"class":53},[39,75681,50449],{"class":57},[39,75683,61],{"class":53},[39,75685,4703],{"class":57},[39,75687,61],{"class":53},[39,75689,75690],{"class":57}," 60",[39,75692,3262],{"class":53},[39,75694,75695],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,75696,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,75698,75699,75701,75703,75705,75707,75709,75711],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,75700,113],{"class":112},[39,75702,101],{"class":53},[39,75704,992],{"class":97},[39,75706,75125],{"class":53},[39,75708,479],{"class":57},[39,75710,20058],{"class":53},[39,75712,75713],{"class":124},"    # first 3 items\n",[39,75715,75716,75718,75720,75722,75724,75726,75728],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,75717,113],{"class":112},[39,75719,101],{"class":53},[39,75721,992],{"class":97},[39,75723,3525],{"class":53},[39,75725,479],{"class":57},[39,75727,75503],{"class":53},[39,75729,75730],{"class":124},"    # from index 3 to the end\n",[39,75732,75733,75735,75737,75739,75741,75743,75745,75747,75749],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,75734,113],{"class":112},[39,75736,101],{"class":53},[39,75738,992],{"class":97},[39,75740,3525],{"class":53},[39,75742,58],{"class":57},[39,75744,145],{"class":53},[39,75746,1376],{"class":57},[39,75748,20058],{"class":53},[39,75750,75751],{"class":124},"   # items at indexes 1, 2, 3, 4\n",[39,75753,75754,75756,75758,75760,75762,75764,75766],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,75755,113],{"class":112},[39,75757,101],{"class":53},[39,75759,992],{"class":97},[39,75761,73712],{"class":53},[39,75763,104],{"class":57},[39,75765,20058],{"class":53},[39,75767,75768],{"class":124},"   # every second item\n",[39,75770,75771,75773,75775,75777,75779,75781,75783,75785],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,75772,113],{"class":112},[39,75774,101],{"class":53},[39,75776,992],{"class":97},[39,75778,73712],{"class":53},[39,75780,1648],{"class":49},[39,75782,58],{"class":57},[39,75784,20058],{"class":53},[39,75786,75787],{"class":124},"  # reversed copy\n",[20,75789,458],{},[30,75791,75793],{"className":32,"code":75792,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20, 30]\n[40, 50, 60]\n[20, 30, 40, 50]\n[10, 30, 50]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n",[15,75794,75795,75811,75827,75847,75863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75796,75797,75799,75801,75803,75805,75807,75809],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75798,3525],{"class":53},[39,75800,682],{"class":57},[39,75802,61],{"class":53},[39,75804,687],{"class":57},[39,75806,61],{"class":53},[39,75808,697],{"class":57},[39,75810,3262],{"class":53},[39,75812,75813,75815,75817,75819,75821,75823,75825],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,75814,3525],{"class":53},[39,75816,56294],{"class":57},[39,75818,61],{"class":53},[39,75820,4703],{"class":57},[39,75822,61],{"class":53},[39,75824,75690],{"class":57},[39,75826,3262],{"class":53},[39,75828,75829,75831,75833,75835,75837,75839,75841,75843,75845],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,75830,3525],{"class":53},[39,75832,15366],{"class":57},[39,75834,61],{"class":53},[39,75836,697],{"class":57},[39,75838,61],{"class":53},[39,75840,50449],{"class":57},[39,75842,61],{"class":53},[39,75844,4703],{"class":57},[39,75846,3262],{"class":53},[39,75848,75849,75851,75853,75855,75857,75859,75861],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,75850,3525],{"class":53},[39,75852,682],{"class":57},[39,75854,61],{"class":53},[39,75856,697],{"class":57},[39,75858,61],{"class":53},[39,75860,4703],{"class":57},[39,75862,3262],{"class":53},[39,75864,75865,75867,75870,75872,75874,75876,75878,75880,75882,75884,75886,75888,75890],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,75866,3525],{"class":53},[39,75868,75869],{"class":57},"60",[39,75871,61],{"class":53},[39,75873,4703],{"class":57},[39,75875,61],{"class":53},[39,75877,50449],{"class":57},[39,75879,61],{"class":53},[39,75881,697],{"class":57},[39,75883,61],{"class":53},[39,75885,687],{"class":57},[39,75887,61],{"class":53},[39,75889,692],{"class":57},[39,75891,3262],{"class":53},[20,75893,75894,75895,94],{},"If you want to make a separate copy of a list, see ",[173,75896,14499],{"href":56821},[134,75898,75900],{"id":75899},"negative-indexes-in-slices","Negative indexes in slices",[20,75902,75903],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the list.",[20,75905,5088],{},[147,75907,75908,75914],{},[150,75909,75910,75913],{},[15,75911,75912],{},"list[-1]"," is the last item",[150,75915,75916,75919],{},[15,75917,75918],{},"list[-2]"," is the second-to-last item",[20,75921,75922],{},"Negative indexes also work in slices.",[30,75924,75926],{"className":32,"code":75925,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\"]\n\nprint(letters[-1])    # last item\nprint(letters[-3:])   # last 3 items\nprint(letters[:-1])   # everything except the last item\n",[15,75927,75928,75976,75980,75999,76018],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,75929,75930,75932,75934,75936,75938,75940,75942,75944,75946,75948,75950,75952,75954,75956,75958,75960,75962,75964,75966,75968,75970,75972,75974],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,75931,1053],{"class":45},[39,75933,50],{"class":49},[39,75935,3249],{"class":53},[39,75937,244],{"class":243},[39,75939,173],{"class":247},[39,75941,244],{"class":243},[39,75943,61],{"class":53},[39,75945,255],{"class":243},[39,75947,1070],{"class":247},[39,75949,244],{"class":243},[39,75951,61],{"class":53},[39,75953,255],{"class":243},[39,75955,9352],{"class":247},[39,75957,244],{"class":243},[39,75959,61],{"class":53},[39,75961,255],{"class":243},[39,75963,18380],{"class":247},[39,75965,244],{"class":243},[39,75967,61],{"class":53},[39,75969,255],{"class":243},[39,75971,60038],{"class":247},[39,75973,244],{"class":243},[39,75975,3262],{"class":53},[39,75977,75978],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,75979,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,75981,75982,75984,75986,75988,75990,75992,75994,75996],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,75983,113],{"class":112},[39,75985,101],{"class":53},[39,75987,35757],{"class":97},[39,75989,3525],{"class":53},[39,75991,1648],{"class":49},[39,75993,58],{"class":57},[39,75995,20058],{"class":53},[39,75997,75998],{"class":124},"    # last item\n",[39,76000,76001,76003,76005,76007,76009,76011,76013,76015],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,76002,113],{"class":112},[39,76004,101],{"class":53},[39,76006,35757],{"class":97},[39,76008,3525],{"class":53},[39,76010,1648],{"class":49},[39,76012,479],{"class":57},[39,76014,75503],{"class":53},[39,76016,76017],{"class":124},"   # last 3 items\n",[39,76019,76020,76022,76024,76026,76028,76030,76032,76034],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,76021,113],{"class":112},[39,76023,101],{"class":53},[39,76025,35757],{"class":97},[39,76027,75125],{"class":53},[39,76029,1648],{"class":49},[39,76031,58],{"class":57},[39,76033,20058],{"class":53},[39,76035,76036],{"class":124},"   # everything except the last item\n",[20,76038,458],{},[30,76040,76042],{"className":32,"code":76041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"e\n['c', 'd', 'e']\n['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']\n",[15,76043,76044,76049,76077],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76045,76046],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76047,76048],{"class":45},"e\n",[39,76050,76051,76053,76055,76057,76059,76061,76063,76065,76067,76069,76071,76073,76075],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76052,3525],{"class":53},[39,76054,629],{"class":243},[39,76056,9352],{"class":247},[39,76058,629],{"class":243},[39,76060,61],{"class":53},[39,76062,2920],{"class":243},[39,76064,18380],{"class":247},[39,76066,629],{"class":243},[39,76068,61],{"class":53},[39,76070,2920],{"class":243},[39,76072,60038],{"class":247},[39,76074,629],{"class":243},[39,76076,3262],{"class":53},[39,76078,76079,76081,76083,76085,76087,76089,76091,76093,76095,76097,76099,76101,76103,76105,76107,76109,76111],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,76080,3525],{"class":53},[39,76082,629],{"class":243},[39,76084,173],{"class":247},[39,76086,629],{"class":243},[39,76088,61],{"class":53},[39,76090,2920],{"class":243},[39,76092,1070],{"class":247},[39,76094,629],{"class":243},[39,76096,61],{"class":53},[39,76098,2920],{"class":243},[39,76100,9352],{"class":247},[39,76102,629],{"class":243},[39,76104,61],{"class":53},[39,76106,2920],{"class":243},[39,76108,18380],{"class":247},[39,76110,629],{"class":243},[39,76112,3262],{"class":53},[20,76114,12664],{},[147,76116,76117,76120,76124,76130,76136],{},[150,76118,76119],{},"Negative indexes count from the end",[150,76121,76122,75913],{},[15,76123,75912],{},[150,76125,76126,76129],{},[15,76127,76128],{},"list[-3:]"," gets the last three items",[150,76131,76132,76135],{},[15,76133,76134],{},"list[:-1]"," gets everything except the last item",[150,76137,76138,76139,796,76141],{},"Negative indexes work with both ",[15,76140,35687],{},[15,76142,75016],{},[134,76144,76146],{"id":76145},"slice-step-and-reverse-order","Slice step and reverse order",[20,76148,1604,76149,76151],{},[15,76150,75019],{}," value controls how far Python moves each time.",[147,76153,76154,76157,76160,76165,76175],{},[150,76155,76156],{},"A positive step moves left to right",[150,76158,76159],{},"A negative step moves right to left",[150,76161,76162,76164],{},[15,76163,75651],{}," is a common way to reverse a list copy",[150,76166,8487,76167,76169,76170,76172,76173],{},[15,76168,75019],{}," is negative, ",[15,76171,35687],{}," usually needs to be greater than ",[15,76174,75016],{},[150,76176,76177,76179,76180],{},[15,76178,75019],{}," cannot be ",[15,76181,221],{},[20,76183,76184],{},"Example with different step values:",[30,76186,76188],{"className":32,"code":76187,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60]\n\nprint(numbers[::2])     # every second item\nprint(numbers[1::2])    # every second item starting at index 1\nprint(numbers[::-1])    # reverse the list\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[15,76189,76190,76222,76226,76243,76265,76284],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76191,76192,76194,76196,76198,76200,76202,76204,76206,76208,76210,76212,76214,76216,76218,76220],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76193,46],{"class":45},[39,76195,50],{"class":49},[39,76197,3249],{"class":53},[39,76199,682],{"class":57},[39,76201,61],{"class":53},[39,76203,687],{"class":57},[39,76205,61],{"class":53},[39,76207,697],{"class":57},[39,76209,61],{"class":53},[39,76211,50449],{"class":57},[39,76213,61],{"class":53},[39,76215,4703],{"class":57},[39,76217,61],{"class":53},[39,76219,75690],{"class":57},[39,76221,3262],{"class":53},[39,76223,76224],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76225,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,76227,76228,76230,76232,76234,76236,76238,76240],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,76229,113],{"class":112},[39,76231,101],{"class":53},[39,76233,992],{"class":97},[39,76235,73712],{"class":53},[39,76237,104],{"class":57},[39,76239,20058],{"class":53},[39,76241,76242],{"class":124},"     # every second item\n",[39,76244,76245,76247,76249,76251,76253,76255,76258,76260,76262],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,76246,113],{"class":112},[39,76248,101],{"class":53},[39,76250,992],{"class":97},[39,76252,3525],{"class":53},[39,76254,58],{"class":57},[39,76256,76257],{"class":53},"::",[39,76259,104],{"class":57},[39,76261,20058],{"class":53},[39,76263,76264],{"class":124},"    # every second item starting at index 1\n",[39,76266,76267,76269,76271,76273,76275,76277,76279,76281],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,76268,113],{"class":112},[39,76270,101],{"class":53},[39,76272,992],{"class":97},[39,76274,73712],{"class":53},[39,76276,1648],{"class":49},[39,76278,58],{"class":57},[39,76280,20058],{"class":53},[39,76282,76283],{"class":124},"    # reverse the list\n",[39,76285,76286,76288,76290,76292,76294,76296,76298,76300,76302,76304,76306,76308],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,76287,113],{"class":112},[39,76289,101],{"class":53},[39,76291,992],{"class":97},[39,76293,3525],{"class":53},[39,76295,1333],{"class":57},[39,76297,145],{"class":53},[39,76299,58],{"class":57},[39,76301,145],{"class":53},[39,76303,1648],{"class":49},[39,76305,58],{"class":57},[39,76307,20058],{"class":53},[39,76309,76310],{"class":124},"  # move backward from index 4 to after index 1\n",[20,76312,458],{},[30,76314,76316],{"className":32,"code":76315,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 30, 50]\n[20, 40, 60]\n[60, 50, 40, 30, 20, 10]\n[50, 40, 30]\n",[15,76317,76318,76334,76350,76378],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76319,76320,76322,76324,76326,76328,76330,76332],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76321,3525],{"class":53},[39,76323,682],{"class":57},[39,76325,61],{"class":53},[39,76327,697],{"class":57},[39,76329,61],{"class":53},[39,76331,4703],{"class":57},[39,76333,3262],{"class":53},[39,76335,76336,76338,76340,76342,76344,76346,76348],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76337,3525],{"class":53},[39,76339,15366],{"class":57},[39,76341,61],{"class":53},[39,76343,50449],{"class":57},[39,76345,61],{"class":53},[39,76347,75690],{"class":57},[39,76349,3262],{"class":53},[39,76351,76352,76354,76356,76358,76360,76362,76364,76366,76368,76370,76372,76374,76376],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,76353,3525],{"class":53},[39,76355,75869],{"class":57},[39,76357,61],{"class":53},[39,76359,4703],{"class":57},[39,76361,61],{"class":53},[39,76363,50449],{"class":57},[39,76365,61],{"class":53},[39,76367,697],{"class":57},[39,76369,61],{"class":53},[39,76371,687],{"class":57},[39,76373,61],{"class":53},[39,76375,692],{"class":57},[39,76377,3262],{"class":53},[39,76379,76380,76382,76385,76387,76389,76391,76393],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,76381,3525],{"class":53},[39,76383,76384],{"class":57},"50",[39,76386,61],{"class":53},[39,76388,50449],{"class":57},[39,76390,61],{"class":53},[39,76392,697],{"class":57},[39,76394,3262],{"class":53},[20,76396,76397,76398,94],{},"If you want to reverse a list in other ways, compare this with ",[173,76399,76400],{"href":74396},"how to reverse a list in Python",[223,76402,76404],{"id":76403},"step-cannot-be-0","Step cannot be 0",[20,76406,2458],{},[30,76408,76410],{"className":32,"code":76409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,76411,76412,76432],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76413,76414,76416,76418,76420,76422,76424,76426,76428,76430],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76415,46],{"class":45},[39,76417,50],{"class":49},[39,76419,3249],{"class":53},[39,76421,58],{"class":57},[39,76423,61],{"class":53},[39,76425,64],{"class":57},[39,76427,61],{"class":53},[39,76429,73],{"class":57},[39,76431,3262],{"class":53},[39,76433,76434,76436,76438,76440,76442,76444],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76435,113],{"class":112},[39,76437,101],{"class":53},[39,76439,992],{"class":97},[39,76441,73712],{"class":53},[39,76443,221],{"class":57},[39,76445,3513],{"class":53},[20,76447,76448,76449,76451,76452,76454],{},"Python raises a ",[15,76450,40315],{}," because a slice step of ",[15,76453,221],{}," does not make sense.",[134,76456,76458],{"id":76457},"slicing-vs-indexing","Slicing vs indexing",[20,76460,76461],{},"Slicing and indexing look similar, but they do different things.",[223,76463,76465],{"id":76464},"indexing-gets-one-item","Indexing gets one item",[30,76467,76469],{"className":32,"code":76468,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,76470,76471,76495,76499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76472,76473,76475,76477,76479,76481,76483,76485,76487,76489,76491,76493],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76474,46],{"class":45},[39,76476,50],{"class":49},[39,76478,3249],{"class":53},[39,76480,682],{"class":57},[39,76482,61],{"class":53},[39,76484,687],{"class":57},[39,76486,61],{"class":53},[39,76488,697],{"class":57},[39,76490,61],{"class":53},[39,76492,50449],{"class":57},[39,76494,3262],{"class":53},[39,76496,76497],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76498,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,76500,76501,76503,76505,76507,76509,76511],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,76502,113],{"class":112},[39,76504,101],{"class":53},[39,76506,992],{"class":97},[39,76508,3525],{"class":53},[39,76510,104],{"class":57},[39,76512,3513],{"class":53},[20,76514,458],{},[30,76516,76517],{"className":32,"code":69431,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,76518,76519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76520,76521],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76522,69431],{"class":57},[223,76524,76526],{"id":76525},"slicing-gets-a-new-list","Slicing gets a new list",[30,76528,76530],{"className":32,"code":76529,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\n\nprint(numbers[2:3])\n",[15,76531,76532,76556,76560],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76533,76534,76536,76538,76540,76542,76544,76546,76548,76550,76552,76554],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76535,46],{"class":45},[39,76537,50],{"class":49},[39,76539,3249],{"class":53},[39,76541,682],{"class":57},[39,76543,61],{"class":53},[39,76545,687],{"class":57},[39,76547,61],{"class":53},[39,76549,697],{"class":57},[39,76551,61],{"class":53},[39,76553,50449],{"class":57},[39,76555,3262],{"class":53},[39,76557,76558],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76559,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,76561,76562,76564,76566,76568,76570,76572,76574,76576],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,76563,113],{"class":112},[39,76565,101],{"class":53},[39,76567,992],{"class":97},[39,76569,3525],{"class":53},[39,76571,104],{"class":57},[39,76573,145],{"class":53},[39,76575,479],{"class":57},[39,76577,3513],{"class":53},[20,76579,458],{},[30,76581,76583],{"className":32,"code":76582,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[30]\n",[15,76584,76585],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76586,76587,76589,76591],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76588,3525],{"class":53},[39,76590,36455],{"class":57},[39,76592,3262],{"class":53},[20,76594,13373],{},[147,76596,76597,76603],{},[150,76598,76599,76602],{},[15,76600,76601],{},"numbers[2]"," returns one value",[150,76604,76605,76608],{},[15,76606,76607],{},"numbers[2:3]"," returns a list with one item",[20,76610,76611],{},"Another important difference is error behavior:",[147,76613,76614,76617],{},[150,76615,76616],{},"Out-of-range indexing can raise an error",[150,76618,76619],{},"Out-of-range slicing usually does not",[20,76621,515],{},[30,76623,76625],{"className":32,"code":76624,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5:10])\n",[15,76626,76627,76647,76651],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76628,76629,76631,76633,76635,76637,76639,76641,76643,76645],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76630,46],{"class":45},[39,76632,50],{"class":49},[39,76634,3249],{"class":53},[39,76636,682],{"class":57},[39,76638,61],{"class":53},[39,76640,687],{"class":57},[39,76642,61],{"class":53},[39,76644,697],{"class":57},[39,76646,3262],{"class":53},[39,76648,76649],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76650,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,76652,76653,76655,76657,76659,76661,76663,76665,76667],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,76654,113],{"class":112},[39,76656,101],{"class":53},[39,76658,992],{"class":97},[39,76660,3525],{"class":53},[39,76662,1376],{"class":57},[39,76664,145],{"class":53},[39,76666,682],{"class":57},[39,76668,3513],{"class":53},[20,76670,458],{},[30,76672,76673],{"className":32,"code":37908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,76674,76675],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76676,76677],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76678,37908],{"class":53},[20,76680,76681],{},"But this would raise an error:",[30,76683,76685],{"className":32,"code":76684,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,76686,76687,76707,76711],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76688,76689,76691,76693,76695,76697,76699,76701,76703,76705],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76690,46],{"class":45},[39,76692,50],{"class":49},[39,76694,3249],{"class":53},[39,76696,682],{"class":57},[39,76698,61],{"class":53},[39,76700,687],{"class":57},[39,76702,61],{"class":53},[39,76704,697],{"class":57},[39,76706,3262],{"class":53},[39,76708,76709],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76710,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,76712,76713,76715,76717,76719,76721,76723],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,76714,113],{"class":112},[39,76716,101],{"class":53},[39,76718,992],{"class":97},[39,76720,3525],{"class":53},[39,76722,1376],{"class":57},[39,76724,3513],{"class":53},[20,76726,76727,76728,94],{},"If you run into that error, see ",[173,76729,68850],{"href":68849},[134,76731,14788],{"id":76732},"beginner-mistakes-to-avoid",[20,76734,76735],{},"These are the most common slicing mistakes:",[147,76737,76738,76742,76744,76747,76753],{},[150,76739,4328,76740,75331],{},[15,76741,75016],{},[150,76743,60283],{},[150,76745,76746],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original list",[150,76748,1160,76749,1163,76751],{},[15,76750,75651],{},[15,76752,73116],{},[150,76754,76755,76756,76758],{},"Using step ",[15,76757,221],{},", which causes an error",[223,76760,76762],{"id":76761},"_1-forgetting-that-stop-is-not-included","1. Forgetting that stop is not included",[30,76764,76766],{"className":32,"code":76765,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,76767,76768,76796],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76769,76770,76772,76774,76776,76778,76780,76782,76784,76786,76788,76790,76792,76794],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76771,46],{"class":45},[39,76773,50],{"class":49},[39,76775,3249],{"class":53},[39,76777,682],{"class":57},[39,76779,61],{"class":53},[39,76781,687],{"class":57},[39,76783,61],{"class":53},[39,76785,697],{"class":57},[39,76787,61],{"class":53},[39,76789,50449],{"class":57},[39,76791,61],{"class":53},[39,76793,4703],{"class":57},[39,76795,3262],{"class":53},[39,76797,76798,76800,76802,76804,76806,76808,76810,76812],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76799,113],{"class":112},[39,76801,101],{"class":53},[39,76803,992],{"class":97},[39,76805,3525],{"class":53},[39,76807,58],{"class":57},[39,76809,145],{"class":53},[39,76811,1333],{"class":57},[39,76813,3513],{"class":53},[20,76815,76816],{},"This returns:",[30,76818,76820],{"className":32,"code":76819,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76821,76822],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76823,76824,76826,76828,76830,76832,76834,76836],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76825,3525],{"class":53},[39,76827,15366],{"class":57},[39,76829,61],{"class":53},[39,76831,697],{"class":57},[39,76833,61],{"class":53},[39,76835,50449],{"class":57},[39,76837,3262],{"class":53},[20,76839,40517,76840,76842,76843,76845,76846,94],{},[3367,76841,4254],{}," include ",[15,76844,76384],{},", because slicing stops before index ",[15,76847,1333],{},[223,76849,76851],{"id":76850},"_2-using-parentheses-instead-of-square-brackets","2. Using parentheses instead of square brackets",[20,76853,16256],{},[30,76855,76857],{"className":32,"code":76856,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# numbers(1:3)\n",[15,76858,76859,76879],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76860,76861,76863,76865,76867,76869,76871,76873,76875,76877],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76862,46],{"class":45},[39,76864,50],{"class":49},[39,76866,3249],{"class":53},[39,76868,682],{"class":57},[39,76870,61],{"class":53},[39,76872,687],{"class":57},[39,76874,61],{"class":53},[39,76876,697],{"class":57},[39,76878,3262],{"class":53},[39,76880,76881],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76882,76883],{"class":124},"# numbers(1:3)\n",[20,76885,76886],{},"A slice must use square brackets:",[30,76888,76890],{"className":32,"code":76889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,76891,76892],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76893,76894,76896,76898,76900,76902,76904,76906,76908],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76895,113],{"class":112},[39,76897,101],{"class":53},[39,76899,992],{"class":97},[39,76901,3525],{"class":53},[39,76903,58],{"class":57},[39,76905,145],{"class":53},[39,76907,479],{"class":57},[39,76909,3513],{"class":53},[223,76911,76913],{"id":76912},"_3-expecting-slicing-to-modify-the-original-list","3. Expecting slicing to modify the original list",[20,76915,76916],{},"A slice creates a new list.",[30,76918,76920],{"className":32,"code":76919,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]\npart = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,76921,76922,76946,76960,76964,76974],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76923,76924,76926,76928,76930,76932,76934,76936,76938,76940,76942,76944],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76925,46],{"class":45},[39,76927,50],{"class":49},[39,76929,3249],{"class":53},[39,76931,682],{"class":57},[39,76933,61],{"class":53},[39,76935,687],{"class":57},[39,76937,61],{"class":53},[39,76939,697],{"class":57},[39,76941,61],{"class":53},[39,76943,50449],{"class":57},[39,76945,3262],{"class":53},[39,76947,76948,76950,76952,76954,76956,76958],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,76949,75249],{"class":45},[39,76951,50],{"class":49},[39,76953,91],{"class":45},[39,76955,75125],{"class":53},[39,76957,104],{"class":57},[39,76959,3262],{"class":53},[39,76961,76962],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,76963,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,76965,76966,76968,76970,76972],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,76967,113],{"class":112},[39,76969,101],{"class":53},[39,76971,75272],{"class":97},[39,76973,80],{"class":53},[39,76975,76976,76978,76980,76982],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,76977,113],{"class":112},[39,76979,101],{"class":53},[39,76981,992],{"class":97},[39,76983,80],{"class":53},[20,76985,458],{},[30,76987,76989],{"className":32,"code":76988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 20]\n[10, 20, 30, 40]\n",[15,76990,76991,77003],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,76992,76993,76995,76997,76999,77001],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,76994,3525],{"class":53},[39,76996,682],{"class":57},[39,76998,61],{"class":53},[39,77000,687],{"class":57},[39,77002,3262],{"class":53},[39,77004,77005,77007,77009,77011,77013,77015,77017,77019,77021],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77006,3525],{"class":53},[39,77008,682],{"class":57},[39,77010,61],{"class":53},[39,77012,687],{"class":57},[39,77014,61],{"class":53},[39,77016,697],{"class":57},[39,77018,61],{"class":53},[39,77020,50449],{"class":57},[39,77022,3262],{"class":53},[20,77024,77025],{},"The original list stays the same unless you assign the result back.",[223,77027,77029,77030,1163,77032],{"id":77028},"_4-confusing-list-1-with-listreverse","4. Confusing ",[15,77031,75651],{},[15,77033,73116],{},[30,77035,77037],{"className":32,"code":77036,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n\nreversed_copy = numbers[::-1]\nprint(reversed_copy)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77038,77039,77059,77063,77080,77091],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77040,77041,77043,77045,77047,77049,77051,77053,77055,77057],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77042,46],{"class":45},[39,77044,50],{"class":49},[39,77046,3249],{"class":53},[39,77048,682],{"class":57},[39,77050,61],{"class":53},[39,77052,687],{"class":57},[39,77054,61],{"class":53},[39,77056,697],{"class":57},[39,77058,3262],{"class":53},[39,77060,77061],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77062,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,77064,77065,77068,77070,77072,77074,77076,77078],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,77066,77067],{"class":45},"reversed_copy ",[39,77069,50],{"class":49},[39,77071,91],{"class":45},[39,77073,73712],{"class":53},[39,77075,1648],{"class":49},[39,77077,58],{"class":57},[39,77079,3262],{"class":53},[39,77081,77082,77084,77086,77089],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,77083,113],{"class":112},[39,77085,101],{"class":53},[39,77087,77088],{"class":97},"reversed_copy",[39,77090,80],{"class":53},[39,77092,77093,77095,77097,77099],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,77094,113],{"class":112},[39,77096,101],{"class":53},[39,77098,992],{"class":97},[39,77100,80],{"class":53},[20,77102,458],{},[30,77104,77106],{"className":32,"code":77105,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[30, 20, 10]\n[10, 20, 30]\n",[15,77107,77108,77124],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77109,77110,77112,77114,77116,77118,77120,77122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77111,3525],{"class":53},[39,77113,36455],{"class":57},[39,77115,61],{"class":53},[39,77117,687],{"class":57},[39,77119,61],{"class":53},[39,77121,692],{"class":57},[39,77123,3262],{"class":53},[39,77125,77126,77128,77130,77132,77134,77136,77138],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77127,3525],{"class":53},[39,77129,682],{"class":57},[39,77131,61],{"class":53},[39,77133,687],{"class":57},[39,77135,61],{"class":53},[39,77137,697],{"class":57},[39,77139,3262],{"class":53},[20,77141,77142,77145],{},[15,77143,77144],{},"numbers[::-1]"," creates a reversed copy.",[20,77147,77148,77149,77152],{},"By contrast, ",[15,77150,77151],{},"numbers.reverse()"," changes the original list in place.",[223,77154,77156],{"id":77155},"_5-using-a-step-of-0","5. Using a step of 0",[20,77158,77159],{},"This is not allowed:",[30,77161,77163],{"className":32,"code":77162,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\n# print(numbers[::0])\n",[15,77164,77165,77185],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77166,77167,77169,77171,77173,77175,77177,77179,77181,77183],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77168,46],{"class":45},[39,77170,50],{"class":49},[39,77172,3249],{"class":53},[39,77174,682],{"class":57},[39,77176,61],{"class":53},[39,77178,687],{"class":57},[39,77180,61],{"class":53},[39,77182,697],{"class":57},[39,77184,3262],{"class":53},[39,77186,77187],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77188,77189],{"class":124},"# print(numbers[::0])\n",[20,77191,77192,77193,94],{},"Python will raise a ",[15,77194,40315],{},[134,77196,77198],{"id":77197},"common-causes-of-slicing-confusion","Common causes of slicing confusion",[20,77200,77201],{},"If list slicing feels confusing at first, these are usually the reasons:",[147,77203,77204,77211,77217,77220,77223],{},[150,77205,1160,77206,796,77208,77210],{},[15,77207,35687],{},[15,77209,75016],{}," positions",[150,77212,77213,77214,77216],{},"Assuming the ",[15,77215,75016],{}," index is included",[150,77218,77219],{},"Mixing up slicing and indexing",[150,77221,77222],{},"Using a negative step without understanding the direction",[150,77224,77225],{},"Expecting a slice to modify the original list",[20,77227,77228],{},"A good way to debug slices is to print the list and test small examples:",[30,77230,77232],{"className":32,"code":77231,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(len(my_list))\nprint(my_list[1:4])\nprint(my_list[:3])\nprint(my_list[-3:])\nprint(my_list[::-1])\n",[15,77233,77234,77244,77258,77276,77290,77307],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77235,77236,77238,77240,77242],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77237,113],{"class":112},[39,77239,101],{"class":53},[39,77241,7955],{"class":97},[39,77243,80],{"class":53},[39,77245,77246,77248,77250,77252,77254,77256],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77247,113],{"class":112},[39,77249,101],{"class":53},[39,77251,10775],{"class":112},[39,77253,101],{"class":53},[39,77255,7955],{"class":97},[39,77257,1026],{"class":53},[39,77259,77260,77262,77264,77266,77268,77270,77272,77274],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,77261,113],{"class":112},[39,77263,101],{"class":53},[39,77265,7955],{"class":97},[39,77267,3525],{"class":53},[39,77269,58],{"class":57},[39,77271,145],{"class":53},[39,77273,1333],{"class":57},[39,77275,3513],{"class":53},[39,77277,77278,77280,77282,77284,77286,77288],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,77279,113],{"class":112},[39,77281,101],{"class":53},[39,77283,7955],{"class":97},[39,77285,75125],{"class":53},[39,77287,479],{"class":57},[39,77289,3513],{"class":53},[39,77291,77292,77294,77296,77298,77300,77302,77304],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,77293,113],{"class":112},[39,77295,101],{"class":53},[39,77297,7955],{"class":97},[39,77299,3525],{"class":53},[39,77301,1648],{"class":49},[39,77303,479],{"class":57},[39,77305,77306],{"class":53},":])\n",[39,77308,77309,77311,77313,77315,77317,77319,77321],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,77310,113],{"class":112},[39,77312,101],{"class":53},[39,77314,7955],{"class":97},[39,77316,73712],{"class":53},[39,77318,1648],{"class":49},[39,77320,58],{"class":57},[39,77322,3513],{"class":53},[20,77324,948,77325,77327,77328,77332],{},[15,77326,1542],{}," is especially helpful when you are checking positions in a list. See ",[173,77329,77331],{"href":77330},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-length-len\u002F","Python list length with len()"," if you need a refresher.",[134,77334,1454],{"id":1453},[223,77336,77338],{"id":77337},"does-slicing-change-the-original-list","Does slicing change the original list?",[20,77340,77341],{},"No. A slice creates a new list unless you assign it back.",[223,77343,77345],{"id":77344},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-slice","Is the stop index included in a slice?",[20,77347,77348],{},"No. Python stops before that position.",[223,77350,1458,77352,39571],{"id":77351},"what-does-list-1-do",[15,77353,75651],{},[20,77355,77356],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the list.",[223,77358,77360,77361,929],{"id":77359},"can-slicing-cause-indexerror","Can slicing cause ",[15,77362,70321],{},[20,77364,77365],{},"Usually no. Slices that go past the end return the available items.",[134,77367,1514],{"id":1513},[147,77369,77370,77375,77380,77384,77388,77392],{},[150,77371,77372],{},[173,77373,77374],{"href":50585},"Beginner guide to Python lists",[150,77376,77377],{},[173,77378,77379],{"href":56755},"How to create a list in Python",[150,77381,77382],{},[173,77383,14576],{"href":56821},[150,77385,77386],{},[173,77387,74397],{"href":74396},[150,77389,77390],{},[173,77391,77331],{"href":77330},[150,77393,77394],{},[173,77395,68850],{"href":68849},[20,77397,77398,77399,77401],{},"Practice with small lists first, such as 3 to 5 items. Once slicing feels natural, move on to list indexing, ",[15,77400,1542],{},", copying, and reversing.",[1550,77403,77404],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":77406},[77407,77408,77409,77410,77411,77412,77415,77419,77427,77428,77436],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":75180,"depth":83,"text":75181},{"id":75343,"depth":83,"text":75344},{"id":75605,"depth":83,"text":75606},{"id":75899,"depth":83,"text":75900},{"id":76145,"depth":83,"text":76146,"children":77413},[77414],{"id":76403,"depth":109,"text":76404},{"id":76457,"depth":83,"text":76458,"children":77416},[77417,77418],{"id":76464,"depth":109,"text":76465},{"id":76525,"depth":109,"text":76526},{"id":76732,"depth":83,"text":14788,"children":77420},[77421,77422,77423,77424,77426],{"id":76761,"depth":109,"text":76762},{"id":76850,"depth":109,"text":76851},{"id":76912,"depth":109,"text":76913},{"id":77028,"depth":109,"text":77425},"4. Confusing list[::-1] with list.reverse()",{"id":77155,"depth":109,"text":77156},{"id":77197,"depth":83,"text":77198},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":77429},[77430,77431,77432,77434],{"id":77337,"depth":109,"text":77338},{"id":77344,"depth":109,"text":77345},{"id":77351,"depth":109,"text":77433},"What does list[::-1] do?",{"id":77359,"depth":109,"text":77435},"Can slicing cause IndexError?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained",{"title":75003,"description":77437},"reference\u002Fpython-list-slicing-explained","pKnzxErXID1m6QqeoQmUcGq-aEEzjpIsufZXfnjTT8o",{"id":77444,"title":77445,"body":77446,"description":79515,"extension":1587,"meta":79516,"navigation":420,"path":79517,"seo":79518,"stem":79519,"__hash__":79520},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method.md","Python List sort() Method",{"type":7,"value":77447,"toc":79481},[77448,77453,77459,77465,77467,77514,77521,77526,77530,77545,77548,77601,77603,77628,77633,77635,77667,77670,77686,77688,77749,77751,77776,77780,77785,77838,77840,77865,77870,77931,77933,77958,77961,77968,77972,77975,78036,78038,78071,78074,78135,78137,78170,78176,78249,78251,78283,78290,78295,78300,78302,78314,78317,78395,78397,78438,78441,78515,78517,78550,78555,78562,78569,78573,78582,78586,78594,78596,78663,78665,78701,78706,78717,78719,78724,78729,78731,78794,78796,78821,78828,78833,78837,78840,78880,78885,78891,78896,78898,78925,78930,78933,78980,78982,79039,79046,79051,79057,79126,79130,79133,79196,79198,79231,79236,79238,79241,79322,79324,79348,79354,79356,79361,79365,79372,79380,79384,79386,79409,79413,79415,79442,79445,79452,79455,79457,79478],[10,77449,53943,77451,18],{"id":77450},"python-list-sort-method",[15,77452,63903],{},[20,77454,77455,77458],{},[15,77456,77457],{},"list.sort()"," is the built-in list method for sorting items in a list.",[20,77460,77461,77462,77464],{},"Use this page as a quick reference for what ",[15,77463,63903],{}," does, how its main arguments work, and the beginner mistakes to avoid.",[134,77466,1629],{"id":1628},[30,77468,77470],{"className":32,"code":77469,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(numbers)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,77471,77472,77492,77502],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77473,77474,77476,77478,77480,77482,77484,77486,77488,77490],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77475,46],{"class":45},[39,77477,50],{"class":49},[39,77479,3249],{"class":53},[39,77481,479],{"class":57},[39,77483,61],{"class":53},[39,77485,595],{"class":57},[39,77487,61],{"class":53},[39,77489,64],{"class":57},[39,77491,3262],{"class":53},[39,77493,77494,77496,77498,77500],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77495,992],{"class":45},[39,77497,94],{"class":53},[39,77499,34414],{"class":97},[39,77501,8257],{"class":53},[39,77503,77504,77506,77508,77510,77512],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,77505,113],{"class":112},[39,77507,101],{"class":53},[39,77509,992],{"class":97},[39,77511,121],{"class":53},[39,77513,54533],{"class":124},[20,77515,128,77516,77518,77519,94],{},[15,77517,77457],{}," to sort a list in place. It changes the original list and returns ",[15,77520,3403],{},[134,77522,137,77524,140],{"id":77523},"what-listsort-does",[15,77525,77457],{},[20,77527,77528,145],{},[15,77529,77457],{},[147,77531,77532,77535,77538,77542],{},[150,77533,77534],{},"Sorts the items of a list in place",[150,77536,77537],{},"Changes the original list",[150,77539,494,77540],{},[15,77541,3403],{},[150,77543,77544],{},"Works for numbers and strings when items can be compared",[20,77546,77547],{},"This means the list itself is updated after you call the method.",[30,77549,77551],{"className":32,"code":77550,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77552,77553,77577,77587,77591],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77554,77555,77557,77559,77561,77563,77565,77567,77569,77571,77573,77575],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77556,46],{"class":45},[39,77558,50],{"class":49},[39,77560,3249],{"class":53},[39,77562,1376],{"class":57},[39,77564,61],{"class":53},[39,77566,64],{"class":57},[39,77568,61],{"class":53},[39,77570,1343],{"class":57},[39,77572,61],{"class":53},[39,77574,595],{"class":57},[39,77576,3262],{"class":53},[39,77578,77579,77581,77583,77585],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77580,992],{"class":45},[39,77582,94],{"class":53},[39,77584,34414],{"class":97},[39,77586,8257],{"class":53},[39,77588,77589],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,77590,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,77592,77593,77595,77597,77599],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,77594,113],{"class":112},[39,77596,101],{"class":53},[39,77598,992],{"class":97},[39,77600,80],{"class":53},[20,77602,458],{},[30,77604,77606],{"className":32,"code":77605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 5, 9]\n",[15,77607,77608],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77609,77610,77612,77614,77616,77618,77620,77622,77624,77626],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77611,3525],{"class":53},[39,77613,58],{"class":57},[39,77615,61],{"class":53},[39,77617,64],{"class":57},[39,77619,61],{"class":53},[39,77621,4228],{"class":57},[39,77623,61],{"class":53},[39,77625,1343],{"class":57},[39,77627,3262],{"class":53},[20,77629,77630,77631,94],{},"If you are still learning how lists work, see the ",[173,77632,66668],{"href":50585},[134,77634,1781],{"id":1780},[30,77636,77638],{"className":32,"code":77637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,77639,77640],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77641,77642,77644,77646,77648,77650,77652,77654,77656,77658,77661,77663,77665],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77643,7955],{"class":45},[39,77645,94],{"class":53},[39,77647,34414],{"class":97},[39,77649,101],{"class":53},[39,77651,14452],{"class":8788},[39,77653,50],{"class":49},[39,77655,3403],{"class":3477},[39,77657,61],{"class":53},[39,77659,77660],{"class":8788}," reverse",[39,77662,50],{"class":49},[39,77664,1038],{"class":3477},[39,77666,80],{"class":53},[20,77668,77669],{},"Main arguments:",[147,77671,77672,77677,77683],{},[150,77673,77674,77676],{},[15,77675,14452],{}," lets you sort by a custom rule",[150,77678,77679,77682],{},[15,77680,77681],{},"reverse=True"," sorts in descending order",[150,77684,77685],{},"If no arguments are given, sorting is ascending",[20,77687,515],{},[30,77689,77691],{"className":32,"code":77690,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [4, 1, 7, 2]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77692,77693,77717,77735,77739],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77694,77695,77697,77699,77701,77703,77705,77707,77709,77711,77713,77715],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77696,46],{"class":45},[39,77698,50],{"class":49},[39,77700,3249],{"class":53},[39,77702,1333],{"class":57},[39,77704,61],{"class":53},[39,77706,595],{"class":57},[39,77708,61],{"class":53},[39,77710,1338],{"class":57},[39,77712,61],{"class":53},[39,77714,64],{"class":57},[39,77716,3262],{"class":53},[39,77718,77719,77721,77723,77725,77727,77729,77731,77733],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77720,992],{"class":45},[39,77722,94],{"class":53},[39,77724,34414],{"class":97},[39,77726,101],{"class":53},[39,77728,73167],{"class":8788},[39,77730,50],{"class":49},[39,77732,939],{"class":3477},[39,77734,80],{"class":53},[39,77736,77737],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,77738,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,77740,77741,77743,77745,77747],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,77742,113],{"class":112},[39,77744,101],{"class":53},[39,77746,992],{"class":97},[39,77748,80],{"class":53},[20,77750,458],{},[30,77752,77754],{"className":32,"code":77753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[7, 4, 2, 1]\n",[15,77755,77756],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77757,77758,77760,77762,77764,77766,77768,77770,77772,77774],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77759,3525],{"class":53},[39,77761,1358],{"class":57},[39,77763,61],{"class":53},[39,77765,2080],{"class":57},[39,77767,61],{"class":53},[39,77769,64],{"class":57},[39,77771,61],{"class":53},[39,77773,595],{"class":57},[39,77775,3262],{"class":53},[134,77777,77779],{"id":77778},"sort-numbers","Sort numbers",[20,77781,128,77782,77784],{},[15,77783,63903],{}," when you want to sort numbers in ascending order.",[30,77786,77788],{"className":32,"code":77787,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77789,77790,77814,77824,77828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77791,77792,77794,77796,77798,77800,77802,77804,77806,77808,77810,77812],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77793,46],{"class":45},[39,77795,50],{"class":49},[39,77797,3249],{"class":53},[39,77799,682],{"class":57},[39,77801,61],{"class":53},[39,77803,73],{"class":57},[39,77805,61],{"class":53},[39,77807,5975],{"class":57},[39,77809,61],{"class":53},[39,77811,595],{"class":57},[39,77813,3262],{"class":53},[39,77815,77816,77818,77820,77822],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77817,992],{"class":45},[39,77819,94],{"class":53},[39,77821,34414],{"class":97},[39,77823,8257],{"class":53},[39,77825,77826],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,77827,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,77829,77830,77832,77834,77836],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,77831,113],{"class":112},[39,77833,101],{"class":53},[39,77835,992],{"class":97},[39,77837,80],{"class":53},[20,77839,458],{},[30,77841,77843],{"className":32,"code":77842,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 3, 8, 10]\n",[15,77844,77845],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77846,77847,77849,77851,77853,77855,77857,77859,77861,77863],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77848,3525],{"class":53},[39,77850,58],{"class":57},[39,77852,61],{"class":53},[39,77854,73],{"class":57},[39,77856,61],{"class":53},[39,77858,5975],{"class":57},[39,77860,61],{"class":53},[39,77862,692],{"class":57},[39,77864,3262],{"class":53},[20,77866,128,77867,77869],{},[15,77868,77681],{}," for descending order:",[30,77871,77873],{"className":32,"code":77872,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 3, 8, 1]\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,77874,77875,77899,77917,77921],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77876,77877,77879,77881,77883,77885,77887,77889,77891,77893,77895,77897],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77878,46],{"class":45},[39,77880,50],{"class":49},[39,77882,3249],{"class":53},[39,77884,682],{"class":57},[39,77886,61],{"class":53},[39,77888,73],{"class":57},[39,77890,61],{"class":53},[39,77892,5975],{"class":57},[39,77894,61],{"class":53},[39,77896,595],{"class":57},[39,77898,3262],{"class":53},[39,77900,77901,77903,77905,77907,77909,77911,77913,77915],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,77902,992],{"class":45},[39,77904,94],{"class":53},[39,77906,34414],{"class":97},[39,77908,101],{"class":53},[39,77910,73167],{"class":8788},[39,77912,50],{"class":49},[39,77914,939],{"class":3477},[39,77916,80],{"class":53},[39,77918,77919],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,77920,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,77922,77923,77925,77927,77929],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,77924,113],{"class":112},[39,77926,101],{"class":53},[39,77928,992],{"class":97},[39,77930,80],{"class":53},[20,77932,458],{},[30,77934,77936],{"className":32,"code":77935,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[10, 8, 3, 1]\n",[15,77937,77938],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77939,77940,77942,77944,77946,77948,77950,77952,77954,77956],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77941,3525],{"class":53},[39,77943,682],{"class":57},[39,77945,61],{"class":53},[39,77947,5975],{"class":57},[39,77949,61],{"class":53},[39,77951,73],{"class":57},[39,77953,61],{"class":53},[39,77955,595],{"class":57},[39,77957,3262],{"class":53},[20,77959,77960],{},"The important thing to remember is that the original list is updated after the method call.",[20,77962,77963,77964,94],{},"For a task-focused guide, read ",[173,77965,77967],{"href":77966},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to sort a list in Python",[134,77969,77971],{"id":77970},"sort-strings","Sort strings",[20,77973,77974],{},"Strings are sorted alphabetically by default.",[30,77976,77978],{"className":32,"code":77977,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,77979,77980,78012,78022,78026],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,77981,77982,77984,77986,77988,77990,77992,77994,77996,77998,78000,78002,78004,78006,78008,78010],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,77983,1191],{"class":45},[39,77985,50],{"class":49},[39,77987,3249],{"class":53},[39,77989,244],{"class":243},[39,77991,386],{"class":247},[39,77993,244],{"class":243},[39,77995,61],{"class":53},[39,77997,255],{"class":243},[39,77999,377],{"class":247},[39,78001,244],{"class":243},[39,78003,61],{"class":53},[39,78005,255],{"class":243},[39,78007,3720],{"class":247},[39,78009,244],{"class":243},[39,78011,3262],{"class":53},[39,78013,78014,78016,78018,78020],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78015,1229],{"class":45},[39,78017,94],{"class":53},[39,78019,34414],{"class":97},[39,78021,8257],{"class":53},[39,78023,78024],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,78025,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78027,78028,78030,78032,78034],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,78029,113],{"class":112},[39,78031,101],{"class":53},[39,78033,1229],{"class":97},[39,78035,80],{"class":53},[20,78037,458],{},[30,78039,78041],{"className":32,"code":78040,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78042,78043],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78044,78045,78047,78049,78051,78053,78055,78057,78059,78061,78063,78065,78067,78069],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78046,3525],{"class":53},[39,78048,629],{"class":243},[39,78050,377],{"class":247},[39,78052,629],{"class":243},[39,78054,61],{"class":53},[39,78056,2920],{"class":243},[39,78058,386],{"class":247},[39,78060,629],{"class":243},[39,78062,61],{"class":53},[39,78064,2920],{"class":243},[39,78066,3720],{"class":247},[39,78068,629],{"class":243},[39,78070,3262],{"class":53},[20,78072,78073],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters affect the result:",[30,78075,78077],{"className":32,"code":78076,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78078,78079,78111,78121,78125],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78080,78081,78083,78085,78087,78089,78091,78093,78095,78097,78099,78101,78103,78105,78107,78109],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78082,1191],{"class":45},[39,78084,50],{"class":49},[39,78086,3249],{"class":53},[39,78088,244],{"class":243},[39,78090,386],{"class":247},[39,78092,244],{"class":243},[39,78094,61],{"class":53},[39,78096,255],{"class":243},[39,78098,57365],{"class":247},[39,78100,244],{"class":243},[39,78102,61],{"class":53},[39,78104,255],{"class":243},[39,78106,3720],{"class":247},[39,78108,244],{"class":243},[39,78110,3262],{"class":53},[39,78112,78113,78115,78117,78119],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78114,1229],{"class":45},[39,78116,94],{"class":53},[39,78118,34414],{"class":97},[39,78120,8257],{"class":53},[39,78122,78123],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,78124,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78126,78127,78129,78131,78133],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,78128,113],{"class":112},[39,78130,101],{"class":53},[39,78132,1229],{"class":97},[39,78134,80],{"class":53},[20,78136,458],{},[30,78138,78140],{"className":32,"code":78139,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,78141,78142],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78143,78144,78146,78148,78150,78152,78154,78156,78158,78160,78162,78164,78166,78168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78145,3525],{"class":53},[39,78147,629],{"class":243},[39,78149,57365],{"class":247},[39,78151,629],{"class":243},[39,78153,61],{"class":53},[39,78155,2920],{"class":243},[39,78157,386],{"class":247},[39,78159,629],{"class":243},[39,78161,61],{"class":53},[39,78163,2920],{"class":243},[39,78165,3720],{"class":247},[39,78167,629],{"class":243},[39,78169,3262],{"class":53},[20,78171,78172,78173,145],{},"If you want case-insensitive sorting, use ",[15,78174,78175],{},"key=str.lower",[30,78177,78179],{"className":32,"code":78178,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78180,78181,78213,78235,78239],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78182,78183,78185,78187,78189,78191,78193,78195,78197,78199,78201,78203,78205,78207,78209,78211],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78184,1191],{"class":45},[39,78186,50],{"class":49},[39,78188,3249],{"class":53},[39,78190,244],{"class":243},[39,78192,386],{"class":247},[39,78194,244],{"class":243},[39,78196,61],{"class":53},[39,78198,255],{"class":243},[39,78200,57365],{"class":247},[39,78202,244],{"class":243},[39,78204,61],{"class":53},[39,78206,255],{"class":243},[39,78208,3720],{"class":247},[39,78210,244],{"class":243},[39,78212,3262],{"class":53},[39,78214,78215,78217,78219,78221,78223,78225,78227,78229,78231,78233],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78216,1229],{"class":45},[39,78218,94],{"class":53},[39,78220,34414],{"class":97},[39,78222,101],{"class":53},[39,78224,14452],{"class":8788},[39,78226,50],{"class":49},[39,78228,3069],{"class":2523},[39,78230,94],{"class":53},[39,78232,8254],{"class":997},[39,78234,80],{"class":53},[39,78236,78237],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,78238,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78240,78241,78243,78245,78247],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,78242,113],{"class":112},[39,78244,101],{"class":53},[39,78246,1229],{"class":97},[39,78248,80],{"class":53},[20,78250,458],{},[30,78252,78253],{"className":32,"code":78139,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,78254,78255],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78256,78257,78259,78261,78263,78265,78267,78269,78271,78273,78275,78277,78279,78281],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78258,3525],{"class":53},[39,78260,629],{"class":243},[39,78262,57365],{"class":247},[39,78264,629],{"class":243},[39,78266,61],{"class":53},[39,78268,2920],{"class":243},[39,78270,386],{"class":247},[39,78272,629],{"class":243},[39,78274,61],{"class":53},[39,78276,2920],{"class":243},[39,78278,3720],{"class":247},[39,78280,629],{"class":243},[39,78282,3262],{"class":53},[20,78284,78285,78286,78289],{},"The original spelling stays the same. Python only uses ",[15,78287,78288],{},"str.lower"," as the sorting rule.",[134,78291,36226,78293,36229],{"id":78292},"using-the-key-argument",[15,78294,14452],{},[20,78296,1604,78297,78299],{},[15,78298,14452],{}," argument changes how each item is compared.",[20,78301,6959],{},[147,78303,78304,78309],{},[150,78305,78306,78308],{},[15,78307,10775],{}," to sort by length",[150,78310,78311,78313],{},[15,78312,78288],{}," to sort strings without case problems",[20,78315,78316],{},"Sort words by length:",[30,78318,78320],{"className":32,"code":78319,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"pear\", \"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78321,78322,78363,78381,78385],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78323,78324,78326,78328,78330,78332,78335,78337,78339,78341,78343,78345,78347,78349,78351,78353,78355,78357,78359,78361],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78325,1191],{"class":45},[39,78327,50],{"class":49},[39,78329,3249],{"class":53},[39,78331,244],{"class":243},[39,78333,78334],{"class":247},"pear",[39,78336,244],{"class":243},[39,78338,61],{"class":53},[39,78340,255],{"class":243},[39,78342,386],{"class":247},[39,78344,244],{"class":243},[39,78346,61],{"class":53},[39,78348,255],{"class":243},[39,78350,37969],{"class":247},[39,78352,244],{"class":243},[39,78354,61],{"class":53},[39,78356,255],{"class":243},[39,78358,377],{"class":247},[39,78360,244],{"class":243},[39,78362,3262],{"class":53},[39,78364,78365,78367,78369,78371,78373,78375,78377,78379],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78366,1229],{"class":45},[39,78368,94],{"class":53},[39,78370,34414],{"class":97},[39,78372,101],{"class":53},[39,78374,14452],{"class":8788},[39,78376,50],{"class":49},[39,78378,10775],{"class":112},[39,78380,80],{"class":53},[39,78382,78383],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,78384,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78386,78387,78389,78391,78393],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,78388,113],{"class":112},[39,78390,101],{"class":53},[39,78392,1229],{"class":97},[39,78394,80],{"class":53},[20,78396,458],{},[30,78398,78400],{"className":32,"code":78399,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['fig', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana']\n",[15,78401,78402],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78403,78404,78406,78408,78410,78412,78414,78416,78418,78420,78422,78424,78426,78428,78430,78432,78434,78436],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78405,3525],{"class":53},[39,78407,629],{"class":243},[39,78409,37969],{"class":247},[39,78411,629],{"class":243},[39,78413,61],{"class":53},[39,78415,2920],{"class":243},[39,78417,78334],{"class":247},[39,78419,629],{"class":243},[39,78421,61],{"class":53},[39,78423,2920],{"class":243},[39,78425,377],{"class":247},[39,78427,629],{"class":243},[39,78429,61],{"class":53},[39,78431,2920],{"class":243},[39,78433,386],{"class":247},[39,78435,629],{"class":243},[39,78437,3262],{"class":53},[20,78439,78440],{},"Sort strings without case sensitivity:",[30,78442,78444],{"className":32,"code":78443,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Bob\", \"alice\", \"Carol\"]\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,78445,78446,78479,78501,78505],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78447,78448,78450,78452,78454,78456,78458,78460,78462,78464,78466,78468,78470,78472,78475,78477],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78449,1191],{"class":45},[39,78451,50],{"class":49},[39,78453,3249],{"class":53},[39,78455,244],{"class":243},[39,78457,4636],{"class":247},[39,78459,244],{"class":243},[39,78461,61],{"class":53},[39,78463,255],{"class":243},[39,78465,17415],{"class":247},[39,78467,244],{"class":243},[39,78469,61],{"class":53},[39,78471,255],{"class":243},[39,78473,78474],{"class":247},"Carol",[39,78476,244],{"class":243},[39,78478,3262],{"class":53},[39,78480,78481,78483,78485,78487,78489,78491,78493,78495,78497,78499],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78482,1229],{"class":45},[39,78484,94],{"class":53},[39,78486,34414],{"class":97},[39,78488,101],{"class":53},[39,78490,14452],{"class":8788},[39,78492,50],{"class":49},[39,78494,3069],{"class":2523},[39,78496,94],{"class":53},[39,78498,8254],{"class":997},[39,78500,80],{"class":53},[39,78502,78503],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,78504,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78506,78507,78509,78511,78513],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,78508,113],{"class":112},[39,78510,101],{"class":53},[39,78512,1229],{"class":97},[39,78514,80],{"class":53},[20,78516,458],{},[30,78518,78520],{"className":32,"code":78519,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['alice', 'Bob', 'Carol']\n",[15,78521,78522],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78523,78524,78526,78528,78530,78532,78534,78536,78538,78540,78542,78544,78546,78548],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78525,3525],{"class":53},[39,78527,629],{"class":243},[39,78529,17415],{"class":247},[39,78531,629],{"class":243},[39,78533,61],{"class":53},[39,78535,2920],{"class":243},[39,78537,4636],{"class":247},[39,78539,629],{"class":243},[39,78541,61],{"class":53},[39,78543,2920],{"class":243},[39,78545,78474],{"class":247},[39,78547,629],{"class":243},[39,78549,3262],{"class":53},[20,78551,1604,78552,78554],{},[15,78553,14452],{}," argument is especially useful when the default alphabetical or numeric order is not what you want.",[134,78556,78558,10198,78560],{"id":78557},"listsort-vs-sorted",[15,78559,77457],{},[15,78561,74014],{},[20,78563,78564,796,78566,78568],{},[15,78565,77457],{},[15,78567,74014],{}," both sort data, but they work differently.",[20,78570,78571,145],{},[15,78572,77457],{},[147,78574,78575,78578],{},[150,78576,78577],{},"Changes the existing list",[150,78579,494,78580],{},[15,78581,3403],{},[20,78583,78584,145],{},[15,78585,74014],{},[147,78587,78588,78591],{},[150,78589,78590],{},"Returns a new sorted list",[150,78592,78593],{},"Leaves the original unchanged",[20,78595,515],{},[30,78597,78599],{"className":32,"code":78598,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(new_list)\n",[15,78600,78601,78621,78625,78639,78643,78653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78602,78603,78605,78607,78609,78611,78613,78615,78617,78619],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78604,46],{"class":45},[39,78606,50],{"class":49},[39,78608,3249],{"class":53},[39,78610,479],{"class":57},[39,78612,61],{"class":53},[39,78614,595],{"class":57},[39,78616,61],{"class":53},[39,78618,64],{"class":57},[39,78620,3262],{"class":53},[39,78622,78623],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78624,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78626,78627,78629,78631,78633,78635,78637],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,78628,55491],{"class":45},[39,78630,50],{"class":49},[39,78632,74148],{"class":112},[39,78634,101],{"class":53},[39,78636,992],{"class":97},[39,78638,80],{"class":53},[39,78640,78641],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,78642,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78644,78645,78647,78649,78651],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,78646,113],{"class":112},[39,78648,101],{"class":53},[39,78650,992],{"class":97},[39,78652,80],{"class":53},[39,78654,78655,78657,78659,78661],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,78656,113],{"class":112},[39,78658,101],{"class":53},[39,78660,73871],{"class":97},[39,78662,80],{"class":53},[20,78664,458],{},[30,78666,78667],{"className":32,"code":74183,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,78668,78669,78685],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78670,78671,78673,78675,78677,78679,78681,78683],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78672,3525],{"class":53},[39,78674,479],{"class":57},[39,78676,61],{"class":53},[39,78678,595],{"class":57},[39,78680,61],{"class":53},[39,78682,64],{"class":57},[39,78684,3262],{"class":53},[39,78686,78687,78689,78691,78693,78695,78697,78699],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78688,3525],{"class":53},[39,78690,58],{"class":57},[39,78692,61],{"class":53},[39,78694,64],{"class":57},[39,78696,61],{"class":53},[39,78698,73],{"class":57},[39,78700,3262],{"class":53},[20,78702,128,78703,78705],{},[15,78704,74014],{}," when you want to keep the original list unchanged.",[20,78707,78708,78709,796,78713,94],{},"You can learn more in ",[173,78710,3202,78711,5399],{"href":74111},[15,78712,74014],{},[173,78714,78716],{"href":78715},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","sorted() vs list.sort() explained",[134,78718,944],{"id":943},[20,78720,78721,78722,94],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,78723,77457],{},[223,78725,12206,78727],{"id":78726},"assigning-the-result-of-sort",[15,78728,63903],{},[20,78730,25302],{},[30,78732,78734],{"className":32,"code":78733,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,78735,78736,78756,78770,78774,78784],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78737,78738,78740,78742,78744,78746,78748,78750,78752,78754],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78739,46],{"class":45},[39,78741,50],{"class":49},[39,78743,3249],{"class":53},[39,78745,479],{"class":57},[39,78747,61],{"class":53},[39,78749,595],{"class":57},[39,78751,61],{"class":53},[39,78753,64],{"class":57},[39,78755,3262],{"class":53},[39,78757,78758,78760,78762,78764,78766,78768],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78759,86],{"class":45},[39,78761,50],{"class":49},[39,78763,91],{"class":45},[39,78765,94],{"class":53},[39,78767,34414],{"class":97},[39,78769,8257],{"class":53},[39,78771,78772],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,78773,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78775,78776,78778,78780,78782],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,78777,113],{"class":112},[39,78779,101],{"class":53},[39,78781,118],{"class":97},[39,78783,80],{"class":53},[39,78785,78786,78788,78790,78792],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,78787,113],{"class":112},[39,78789,101],{"class":53},[39,78791,992],{"class":97},[39,78793,80],{"class":53},[20,78795,458],{},[30,78797,78799],{"className":32,"code":78798,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\n[1, 2, 3]\n",[15,78800,78801,78805],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78802,78803],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78804,11420],{"class":3477},[39,78806,78807,78809,78811,78813,78815,78817,78819],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78808,3525],{"class":53},[39,78810,58],{"class":57},[39,78812,61],{"class":53},[39,78814,64],{"class":57},[39,78816,61],{"class":53},[39,78818,73],{"class":57},[39,78820,3262],{"class":53},[20,78822,78823,78825,78826,94],{},[15,78824,63903],{}," does not return the sorted list. It returns ",[15,78827,3403],{},[20,78829,78830,78831,6247],{},"If you want a new list, use ",[15,78832,74014],{},[223,78834,78836],{"id":78835},"sorting-mixed-types","Sorting mixed types",[20,78838,78839],{},"Python cannot always compare different types directly.",[30,78841,78843],{"className":32,"code":78842,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, \"two\", 3]\nitems.sort()\n",[15,78844,78845,78870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78846,78847,78849,78851,78853,78855,78857,78859,78862,78864,78866,78868],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78848,7397],{"class":45},[39,78850,50],{"class":49},[39,78852,3249],{"class":53},[39,78854,58],{"class":57},[39,78856,61],{"class":53},[39,78858,255],{"class":243},[39,78860,78861],{"class":247},"two",[39,78863,244],{"class":243},[39,78865,61],{"class":53},[39,78867,73],{"class":57},[39,78869,3262],{"class":53},[39,78871,78872,78874,78876,78878],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78873,7426],{"class":45},[39,78875,94],{"class":53},[39,78877,34414],{"class":97},[39,78879,8257],{"class":53},[20,78881,2624,78882,78884],{},[15,78883,2627],{}," because Python cannot sort integers and strings together by default.",[223,78886,4328,78888,78890],{"id":78887},"forgetting-that-sort-only-works-on-lists",[15,78889,63903],{}," only works on lists",[20,78892,78893,78895],{},[15,78894,63903],{}," is a list method. It does not work directly on tuples or strings.",[20,78897,16256],{},[30,78899,78901],{"className":32,"code":78900,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"python\"\ntext.sort()\n",[15,78902,78903,78915],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78904,78905,78907,78909,78911,78913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78906,34302],{"class":45},[39,78908,50],{"class":49},[39,78910,255],{"class":243},[39,78912,34],{"class":247},[39,78914,2983],{"class":243},[39,78916,78917,78919,78921,78923],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78918,34323],{"class":45},[39,78920,94],{"class":53},[39,78922,34414],{"class":97},[39,78924,8257],{"class":53},[20,78926,78927,78928,33214],{},"Strings do not have a ",[15,78929,63903],{},[20,78931,78932],{},"If needed, convert the data first:",[30,78934,78936],{"className":32,"code":78935,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = list(\"python\")\nletters.sort()\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,78937,78938,78956,78966,78970],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78939,78940,78942,78944,78946,78948,78950,78952,78954],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78941,1053],{"class":45},[39,78943,50],{"class":49},[39,78945,22171],{"class":2523},[39,78947,101],{"class":53},[39,78949,244],{"class":243},[39,78951,34],{"class":247},[39,78953,244],{"class":243},[39,78955,80],{"class":53},[39,78957,78958,78960,78962,78964],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,78959,35757],{"class":45},[39,78961,94],{"class":53},[39,78963,34414],{"class":97},[39,78965,8257],{"class":53},[39,78967,78968],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,78969,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,78971,78972,78974,78976,78978],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,78973,113],{"class":112},[39,78975,101],{"class":53},[39,78977,35757],{"class":97},[39,78979,80],{"class":53},[20,78981,458],{},[30,78983,78985],{"className":32,"code":78984,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['h', 'n', 'o', 'p', 't', 'y']\n",[15,78986,78987],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,78988,78989,78991,78993,78995,78997,78999,79001,79003,79005,79007,79009,79011,79013,79015,79017,79019,79021,79023,79025,79027,79029,79031,79033,79035,79037],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,78990,3525],{"class":53},[39,78992,629],{"class":243},[39,78994,60029],{"class":247},[39,78996,629],{"class":243},[39,78998,61],{"class":53},[39,79000,2920],{"class":243},[39,79002,75620],{"class":247},[39,79004,629],{"class":243},[39,79006,61],{"class":53},[39,79008,2920],{"class":243},[39,79010,60064],{"class":247},[39,79012,629],{"class":243},[39,79014,61],{"class":53},[39,79016,2920],{"class":243},[39,79018,20],{"class":247},[39,79020,629],{"class":243},[39,79022,61],{"class":53},[39,79024,2920],{"class":243},[39,79026,62878],{"class":247},[39,79028,629],{"class":243},[39,79030,61],{"class":53},[39,79032,2920],{"class":243},[39,79034,11357],{"class":247},[39,79036,629],{"class":243},[39,79038,3262],{"class":53},[223,79040,79042,79043,79045],{"id":79041},"not-using-key-when-custom-sorting-is-needed","Not using ",[15,79044,14452],{}," when custom sorting is needed",[20,79047,79048,79049,94],{},"If the default order is not correct for your problem, you may need ",[15,79050,14452],{},[20,79052,79053,79054,79056],{},"For example, if you want to sort words by length, plain ",[15,79055,63903],{}," will not do that:",[30,79058,79060],{"className":32,"code":79059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"fig\", \"apple\"]\nwords.sort(key=len)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79061,79062,79094,79112,79116],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79063,79064,79066,79068,79070,79072,79074,79076,79078,79080,79082,79084,79086,79088,79090,79092],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79065,1191],{"class":45},[39,79067,50],{"class":49},[39,79069,3249],{"class":53},[39,79071,244],{"class":243},[39,79073,386],{"class":247},[39,79075,244],{"class":243},[39,79077,61],{"class":53},[39,79079,255],{"class":243},[39,79081,37969],{"class":247},[39,79083,244],{"class":243},[39,79085,61],{"class":53},[39,79087,255],{"class":243},[39,79089,377],{"class":247},[39,79091,244],{"class":243},[39,79093,3262],{"class":53},[39,79095,79096,79098,79100,79102,79104,79106,79108,79110],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,79097,1229],{"class":45},[39,79099,94],{"class":53},[39,79101,34414],{"class":97},[39,79103,101],{"class":53},[39,79105,14452],{"class":8788},[39,79107,50],{"class":49},[39,79109,10775],{"class":112},[39,79111,80],{"class":53},[39,79113,79114],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,79115,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,79117,79118,79120,79122,79124],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,79119,113],{"class":112},[39,79121,101],{"class":53},[39,79123,1229],{"class":97},[39,79125,80],{"class":53},[223,79127,79129],{"id":79128},"unexpected-string-order-because-of-uppercase-letters","Unexpected string order because of uppercase letters",[20,79131,79132],{},"This often surprises beginners:",[30,79134,79136],{"className":32,"code":79135,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nwords.sort()\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,79137,79138,79172,79182,79186],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79139,79140,79142,79144,79146,79148,79151,79153,79155,79157,79159,79161,79163,79165,79168,79170],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79141,1191],{"class":45},[39,79143,50],{"class":49},[39,79145,3249],{"class":53},[39,79147,244],{"class":243},[39,79149,79150],{"class":247},"zebra",[39,79152,244],{"class":243},[39,79154,61],{"class":53},[39,79156,255],{"class":243},[39,79158,57365],{"class":247},[39,79160,244],{"class":243},[39,79162,61],{"class":53},[39,79164,255],{"class":243},[39,79166,79167],{"class":247},"monkey",[39,79169,244],{"class":243},[39,79171,3262],{"class":53},[39,79173,79174,79176,79178,79180],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,79175,1229],{"class":45},[39,79177,94],{"class":53},[39,79179,34414],{"class":97},[39,79181,8257],{"class":53},[39,79183,79184],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,79185,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,79187,79188,79190,79192,79194],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,79189,113],{"class":112},[39,79191,101],{"class":53},[39,79193,1229],{"class":97},[39,79195,80],{"class":53},[20,79197,458],{},[30,79199,79201],{"className":32,"code":79200,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Apple', 'monkey', 'zebra']\n",[15,79202,79203],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79204,79205,79207,79209,79211,79213,79215,79217,79219,79221,79223,79225,79227,79229],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79206,3525],{"class":53},[39,79208,629],{"class":243},[39,79210,57365],{"class":247},[39,79212,629],{"class":243},[39,79214,61],{"class":53},[39,79216,2920],{"class":243},[39,79218,79167],{"class":247},[39,79220,629],{"class":243},[39,79222,61],{"class":53},[39,79224,2920],{"class":243},[39,79226,79150],{"class":247},[39,79228,629],{"class":243},[39,79230,3262],{"class":53},[20,79232,128,79233,79235],{},[15,79234,78175],{}," if you want case-insensitive sorting.",[223,79237,60301],{"id":60300},[20,79239,79240],{},"If sorting is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[30,79242,79244],{"className":32,"code":79243,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(type(my_list))\nprint(my_list.sort())\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nprint([type(item) for item in my_list])\n",[15,79245,79246,79256,79270,79284,79298],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79247,79248,79250,79252,79254],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79249,113],{"class":112},[39,79251,101],{"class":53},[39,79253,7955],{"class":97},[39,79255,80],{"class":53},[39,79257,79258,79260,79262,79264,79266,79268],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,79259,113],{"class":112},[39,79261,101],{"class":53},[39,79263,2845],{"class":2523},[39,79265,101],{"class":53},[39,79267,7955],{"class":97},[39,79269,1026],{"class":53},[39,79271,79272,79274,79276,79278,79280,79282],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,79273,113],{"class":112},[39,79275,101],{"class":53},[39,79277,7955],{"class":97},[39,79279,94],{"class":53},[39,79281,34414],{"class":97},[39,79283,6810],{"class":53},[39,79285,79286,79288,79290,79292,79294,79296],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,79287,113],{"class":112},[39,79289,101],{"class":53},[39,79291,74104],{"class":112},[39,79293,101],{"class":53},[39,79295,7955],{"class":97},[39,79297,1026],{"class":53},[39,79299,79300,79302,79304,79306,79308,79310,79312,79314,79316,79318,79320],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,79301,113],{"class":112},[39,79303,2608],{"class":53},[39,79305,2845],{"class":2523},[39,79307,101],{"class":53},[39,79309,22922],{"class":97},[39,79311,121],{"class":53},[39,79313,3502],{"class":572},[39,79315,5577],{"class":97},[39,79317,1128],{"class":572},[39,79319,8012],{"class":97},[39,79321,3513],{"class":53},[20,79323,10784],{},[147,79325,79326,79329,79332,79339,79345],{},[150,79327,79328],{},"What values are in the list",[150,79330,79331],{},"Whether the object is really a list",[150,79333,79334,79335,476,79337],{},"That ",[15,79336,63903],{},[15,79338,3403],{},[150,79340,79341,79342,79344],{},"Whether ",[15,79343,74014],{}," works better for your case",[150,79346,79347],{},"Whether the list contains mixed data types",[20,79349,79350,79351,79353],{},"If your problem is caused by incompatible values, see a guide for fixing sorting-related ",[15,79352,2627],{}," problems.",[134,79355,1454],{"id":1453},[223,79357,1468,79359,55070],{"id":79358},"does-listsort-return-a-new-list",[15,79360,77457],{},[20,79362,62194,79363,94],{},[15,79364,3403],{},[223,79366,1497,79368,796,79370,929],{"id":79367},"what-is-the-difference-between-sort-and-sorted",[15,79369,63903],{},[15,79371,74014],{},[20,79373,79374,79376,79377,79379],{},[15,79375,63903],{}," changes the list itself. ",[15,79378,74014],{}," creates and returns a new sorted list.",[223,79381,79383],{"id":79382},"how-do-i-sort-in-reverse-order","How do I sort in reverse order?",[20,79385,18307],{},[30,79387,79389],{"className":32,"code":79388,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.sort(reverse=True)\n",[15,79390,79391],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79392,79393,79395,79397,79399,79401,79403,79405,79407],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79394,7955],{"class":45},[39,79396,94],{"class":53},[39,79398,34414],{"class":97},[39,79400,101],{"class":53},[39,79402,73167],{"class":8788},[39,79404,50],{"class":49},[39,79406,939],{"class":3477},[39,79408,80],{"class":53},[223,79410,79412],{"id":79411},"how-do-i-sort-strings-without-case-problems","How do I sort strings without case problems?",[20,79414,18307],{},[30,79416,79418],{"className":32,"code":79417,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_list.sort(key=str.lower)\n",[15,79419,79420],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79421,79422,79424,79426,79428,79430,79432,79434,79436,79438,79440],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79423,7955],{"class":45},[39,79425,94],{"class":53},[39,79427,34414],{"class":97},[39,79429,101],{"class":53},[39,79431,14452],{"class":8788},[39,79433,50],{"class":49},[39,79435,3069],{"class":2523},[39,79437,94],{"class":53},[39,79439,8254],{"class":997},[39,79441,80],{"class":53},[20,79443,79444],{},"This sorts in a case-insensitive way.",[223,79446,79448,79449,79451],{"id":79447},"why-do-i-get-a-typeerror-when-sorting","Why do I get a ",[15,79450,2627],{}," when sorting?",[20,79453,79454],{},"Your list may contain values that Python cannot compare directly, such as strings and integers together.",[134,79456,1514],{"id":1513},[147,79458,79459,79464,79470,79474],{},[150,79460,79461],{},[173,79462,79463],{"href":77966},"How to sort a list in Python",[150,79465,79466],{},[173,79467,3202,79468,5399],{"href":74111},[15,79469,74014],{},[150,79471,79472],{},[173,79473,66668],{"href":50585},[150,79475,79476],{},[173,79477,78716],{"href":78715},[1550,79479,79480],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":79482},[79483,79484,79486,79487,79488,79489,79491,79493,79504,79514],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":77523,"depth":83,"text":79485},"What list.sort() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":77778,"depth":83,"text":77779},{"id":77970,"depth":83,"text":77971},{"id":78292,"depth":83,"text":79490},"Using the key argument",{"id":78557,"depth":83,"text":79492},"list.sort() vs sorted()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":79494},[79495,79497,79498,79500,79502,79503],{"id":78726,"depth":109,"text":79496},"Assigning the result of sort()",{"id":78835,"depth":109,"text":78836},{"id":78887,"depth":109,"text":79499},"Forgetting that sort() only works on lists",{"id":79041,"depth":109,"text":79501},"Not using key when custom sorting is needed",{"id":79128,"depth":109,"text":79129},{"id":60300,"depth":109,"text":60301},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":79505},[79506,79508,79510,79511,79512],{"id":79358,"depth":109,"text":79507},"Does list.sort() return a new list?",{"id":79367,"depth":109,"text":79509},"What is the difference between sort() and sorted()?",{"id":79382,"depth":109,"text":79383},{"id":79411,"depth":109,"text":79412},{"id":79447,"depth":109,"text":79513},"Why do I get a TypeError when sorting?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python list sort method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method",{"title":77445,"description":79515},"reference\u002Fpython-list-sort-method","nuiIwWy1KS8_euTEqMoYpg2B6j3JT08NKrBSVKMUQzs",{"id":79522,"title":79523,"body":79524,"description":82155,"extension":1587,"meta":82156,"navigation":420,"path":82157,"seo":82158,"stem":82159,"__hash__":82160},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained.md","Python map() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":79525,"toc":82114},[79526,79531,79536,79539,79550,79553,79573,79575,79637,79639,79680,79689,79694,79699,79705,79716,79718,79737,79740,79745,79750,79752,79757,79771,79773,79791,79794,79811,79814,79820,79843,79848,79850,79853,79914,79916,79949,79951,79990,79998,80008,80014,80019,80112,80114,80138,80140,80158,80161,80192,80198,80203,80206,80208,80333,80335,80359,80361,80380,80386,80392,80511,80513,80530,80537,80543,80548,80555,80561,80563,80620,80623,80644,80647,80650,80711,80713,80746,80750,80820,80822,80839,80843,80846,80921,80923,80960,80963,80966,81037,81039,81100,81105,81110,81113,81127,81129,81202,81204,81224,81227,81230,81287,81349,81352,81384,81387,81402,81407,81409,81415,81418,81474,81477,81479,81498,81502,81504,81548,81557,81559,81619,81623,81626,81628,81721,81723,81838,81842,81844,81918,81921,81924,81926,81931,81996,81998,82022,82032,82034,82040,82049,82058,82067,82073,82076,82080,82083,82085,82111],[10,79527,3202,79529,3206],{"id":79528},"python-map-function-explained",[15,79530,39327],{},[20,79532,3209,79533,79535],{},[15,79534,39327],{}," function applies the same function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79537,79538],{},"This is useful when you want to transform data, such as:",[147,79540,79541,79544,79547],{},[150,79542,79543],{},"converting numbers to strings",[150,79545,79546],{},"changing strings to integers",[150,79548,79549],{},"doubling every value in a list",[20,79551,79552],{},"The main thing beginners need to know is this:",[147,79554,79555,79562,79568],{},[150,79556,79557,13664,79559,79561],{},[15,79558,39327],{},[3367,79560,4254],{}," return a list in Python 3",[150,79563,79564,79565],{},"it returns a ",[3367,79566,79567],{},"map object",[150,79569,79570,79571],{},"you often convert that result with ",[15,79572,24392],{},[134,79574,1629],{"id":1628},[30,79576,79578],{"className":32,"code":79577,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79579,79580,79604,79623],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79581,79582,79584,79586,79588,79590,79592,79594,79596,79598,79600,79602],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79583,46],{"class":45},[39,79585,50],{"class":49},[39,79587,3249],{"class":53},[39,79589,58],{"class":57},[39,79591,61],{"class":53},[39,79593,64],{"class":57},[39,79595,61],{"class":53},[39,79597,73],{"class":57},[39,79599,61],{"class":53},[39,79601,2080],{"class":57},[39,79603,3262],{"class":53},[39,79605,79606,79608,79610,79613,79615,79617,79619,79621],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,79607,86],{"class":45},[39,79609,50],{"class":49},[39,79611,79612],{"class":112}," map",[39,79614,101],{"class":53},[39,79616,3069],{"class":2523},[39,79618,61],{"class":53},[39,79620,91],{"class":97},[39,79622,80],{"class":53},[39,79624,79625,79627,79629,79631,79633,79635],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,79626,113],{"class":112},[39,79628,101],{"class":53},[39,79630,7710],{"class":2523},[39,79632,101],{"class":53},[39,79634,118],{"class":97},[39,79636,1026],{"class":53},[20,79638,458],{},[30,79640,79642],{"className":32,"code":79641,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['1', '2', '3', '4']\n",[15,79643,79644],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79645,79646,79648,79650,79652,79654,79656,79658,79660,79662,79664,79666,79668,79670,79672,79674,79676,79678],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79647,3525],{"class":53},[39,79649,629],{"class":243},[39,79651,58],{"class":247},[39,79653,629],{"class":243},[39,79655,61],{"class":53},[39,79657,2920],{"class":243},[39,79659,104],{"class":247},[39,79661,629],{"class":243},[39,79663,61],{"class":53},[39,79665,2920],{"class":243},[39,79667,479],{"class":247},[39,79669,629],{"class":243},[39,79671,61],{"class":53},[39,79673,2920],{"class":243},[39,79675,1333],{"class":247},[39,79677,629],{"class":243},[39,79679,3262],{"class":53},[20,79681,128,79682,79685,79686,79688],{},[15,79683,79684],{},"map(function, iterable)"," to apply the same function to each item. Convert the result to ",[15,79687,24392],{}," if you want to see all mapped values at once.",[134,79690,137,79692,140],{"id":79691},"what-map-does",[15,79693,39327],{},[20,79695,79696,79698],{},[15,79697,39327],{}," applies a function to each item in an iterable.",[20,79700,79701,79702,79704],{},"An ",[3367,79703,3344],{}," is something you can loop over, such as:",[147,79706,79707,79709,79711,79713],{},[150,79708,37514],{},[150,79710,37517],{},[150,79712,37520],{},[150,79714,79715],{},"a range object",[20,79717,30338],{},[30,79719,79721],{"className":32,"code":79720,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"map(function, iterable)\n",[15,79722,79723],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79724,79725,79727,79729,79731,79733,79735],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79726,39470],{"class":112},[39,79728,101],{"class":53},[39,79730,37473],{"class":97},[39,79732,61],{"class":53},[39,79734,37478],{"class":97},[39,79736,80],{"class":53},[20,79738,79739],{},"For each item in the iterable, Python calls the function and produces a new value.",[20,79741,79742,79743,33355],{},"Important: the result is a ",[3367,79744,79567],{},[20,79746,79747,79748,94],{},"If you want to understand iterables better, see ",[173,79749,4758],{"href":4757},[134,79751,1781],{"id":1780},[20,79753,79754,79756],{},[15,79755,39327],{}," needs at least two parts:",[147,79758,79759,79765],{},[150,79760,79761,79764],{},[3367,79762,79763],{},"Function",": the function to run on each item",[150,79766,79767,79770],{},[3367,79768,79769],{},"Iterable",": the values to process",[20,79772,3329],{},[30,79774,79775],{"className":32,"code":79720,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,79776,79777],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79778,79779,79781,79783,79785,79787,79789],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79780,39470],{"class":112},[39,79782,101],{"class":53},[39,79784,37473],{"class":97},[39,79786,61],{"class":53},[39,79788,37478],{"class":97},[39,79790,80],{"class":53},[20,79792,79793],{},"You can pass:",[147,79795,79796,79805,79808],{},[150,79797,79798,79799,1814,79801,1818,79803],{},"built-in functions like ",[15,79800,3069],{},[15,79802,1813],{},[15,79804,1643],{},[150,79806,79807],{},"your own custom function",[150,79809,79810],{},"a lambda function for short one-line logic",[20,79812,79813],{},"If you are new to lambda functions, see lambda functions in Python explained.",[20,79815,79816,79817,79819],{},"You will often see ",[15,79818,39327],{}," used like this:",[30,79821,79823],{"className":32,"code":79822,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list(map(function, values))\n",[15,79824,79825],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79826,79827,79829,79831,79833,79835,79837,79839,79841],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79828,7710],{"class":2523},[39,79830,101],{"class":53},[39,79832,39470],{"class":112},[39,79834,101],{"class":53},[39,79836,37473],{"class":97},[39,79838,61],{"class":53},[39,79840,3510],{"class":97},[39,79842,1026],{"class":53},[20,79844,6293,79845,79847],{},[15,79846,24392],{}," turns the map object into a normal list you can print or reuse.",[134,79849,355],{"id":354},[20,79851,79852],{},"Here is a simple example that converts numbers to strings:",[30,79854,79856],{"className":32,"code":79855,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,79857,79858,79878,79896,79900],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79859,79860,79862,79864,79866,79868,79870,79872,79874,79876],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79861,46],{"class":45},[39,79863,50],{"class":49},[39,79865,3249],{"class":53},[39,79867,682],{"class":57},[39,79869,61],{"class":53},[39,79871,687],{"class":57},[39,79873,61],{"class":53},[39,79875,697],{"class":57},[39,79877,3262],{"class":53},[39,79879,79880,79882,79884,79886,79888,79890,79892,79894],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,79881,86],{"class":45},[39,79883,50],{"class":49},[39,79885,79612],{"class":112},[39,79887,101],{"class":53},[39,79889,3069],{"class":2523},[39,79891,61],{"class":53},[39,79893,91],{"class":97},[39,79895,80],{"class":53},[39,79897,79898],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,79899,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,79901,79902,79904,79906,79908,79910,79912],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,79903,113],{"class":112},[39,79905,101],{"class":53},[39,79907,7710],{"class":2523},[39,79909,101],{"class":53},[39,79911,118],{"class":97},[39,79913,1026],{"class":53},[20,79915,458],{},[30,79917,79919],{"className":32,"code":79918,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['10', '20', '30']\n",[15,79920,79921],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,79922,79923,79925,79927,79929,79931,79933,79935,79937,79939,79941,79943,79945,79947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,79924,3525],{"class":53},[39,79926,629],{"class":243},[39,79928,682],{"class":247},[39,79930,629],{"class":243},[39,79932,61],{"class":53},[39,79934,2920],{"class":243},[39,79936,15366],{"class":247},[39,79938,629],{"class":243},[39,79940,61],{"class":53},[39,79942,2920],{"class":243},[39,79944,36455],{"class":247},[39,79946,629],{"class":243},[39,79948,3262],{"class":53},[20,79950,11295],{},[147,79952,79953,79958,79966,79974,79982],{},[150,79954,79955,79957],{},[15,79956,992],{}," contains integers",[150,79959,79960,79963,79964],{},[15,79961,79962],{},"map(str, numbers)"," passes each number to ",[15,79965,47289],{},[150,79967,79968,41764,79971],{},[15,79969,79970],{},"str(10)",[15,79972,79973],{},"'10'",[150,79975,79976,41764,79979],{},[15,79977,79978],{},"str(20)",[15,79980,79981],{},"'20'",[150,79983,79984,41764,79987],{},[15,79985,79986],{},"str(30)",[15,79988,79989],{},"'30'",[20,79991,53255,79992,79994,79995,79997],{},[15,79993,39327],{}," applies ",[15,79996,47289],{}," one item at a time.",[20,79999,80000,80001,80003,80004,94],{},"If you want to understand ",[15,80002,24392],{}," better, see ",[173,80005,3202,80006,3135],{"href":64439},[15,80007,24392],{},[134,80009,948,80011,80013],{"id":80010},"using-map-with-your-own-function",[15,80012,39327],{}," with your own function",[20,80015,15326,80016,80018],{},[15,80017,39327],{}," with a function you define yourself.",[30,80020,80022],{"className":32,"code":80021,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def double(x):\n    return x * 2\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nresult = map(double, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80023,80024,80037,80047,80051,80075,80094,80098],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80025,80026,80028,80031,80033,80035],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80027,34466],{"class":1689},[39,80029,80030],{"class":34469}," double",[39,80032,101],{"class":53},[39,80034,1798],{"class":37275},[39,80036,7958],{"class":53},[39,80038,80039,80041,80043,80045],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80040,34477],{"class":572},[39,80042,3505],{"class":45},[39,80044,39483],{"class":49},[39,80046,45196],{"class":57},[39,80048,80049],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,80050,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80052,80053,80055,80057,80059,80061,80063,80065,80067,80069,80071,80073],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,80054,46],{"class":45},[39,80056,50],{"class":49},[39,80058,3249],{"class":53},[39,80060,58],{"class":57},[39,80062,61],{"class":53},[39,80064,64],{"class":57},[39,80066,61],{"class":53},[39,80068,73],{"class":57},[39,80070,61],{"class":53},[39,80072,2080],{"class":57},[39,80074,3262],{"class":53},[39,80076,80077,80079,80081,80083,80085,80088,80090,80092],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,80078,86],{"class":45},[39,80080,50],{"class":49},[39,80082,79612],{"class":112},[39,80084,101],{"class":53},[39,80086,80087],{"class":97},"double",[39,80089,61],{"class":53},[39,80091,91],{"class":97},[39,80093,80],{"class":53},[39,80095,80096],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,80097,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80099,80100,80102,80104,80106,80108,80110],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,80101,113],{"class":112},[39,80103,101],{"class":53},[39,80105,7710],{"class":2523},[39,80107,101],{"class":53},[39,80109,118],{"class":97},[39,80111,1026],{"class":53},[20,80113,458],{},[30,80115,80116],{"className":32,"code":39496,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,80117,80118],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80119,80120,80122,80124,80126,80128,80130,80132,80134,80136],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80121,3525],{"class":53},[39,80123,104],{"class":57},[39,80125,61],{"class":53},[39,80127,2080],{"class":57},[39,80129,61],{"class":53},[39,80131,37256],{"class":57},[39,80133,61],{"class":53},[39,80135,5975],{"class":57},[39,80137,3262],{"class":53},[20,80139,65175],{},[147,80141,80142,80149,80155],{},[150,80143,80144,80146,80147],{},[15,80145,39327],{}," takes the function ",[15,80148,80087],{},[150,80150,80151,80152,80154],{},"it sends each item from ",[15,80153,992],{}," into that function",[150,80156,80157],{},"the returned values become the mapped result",[20,80159,80160],{},"In other words, Python does this behind the scenes:",[147,80162,80163,80170,80177,80185],{},[150,80164,80165,5687,80168],{},[15,80166,80167],{},"double(1)",[15,80169,104],{},[150,80171,80172,5687,80175],{},[15,80173,80174],{},"double(2)",[15,80176,1333],{},[150,80178,80179,5687,80182],{},[15,80180,80181],{},"double(3)",[15,80183,80184],{},"6",[150,80186,80187,5687,80190],{},[15,80188,80189],{},"double(4)",[15,80191,1969],{},[134,80193,948,80195,80197],{"id":80194},"using-map-with-multiple-iterables",[15,80196,39327],{}," with multiple iterables",[20,80199,80200,80202],{},[15,80201,39327],{}," can also work with more than one iterable.",[20,80204,80205],{},"When you do that, the function must accept the same number of arguments.",[20,80207,515],{},[30,80209,80211],{"className":32,"code":80210,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80212,80213,80230,80240,80244,80265,80286,80290,80315,80319],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80214,80215,80217,80220,80222,80224,80226,80228],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80216,34466],{"class":1689},[39,80218,80219],{"class":34469}," add_numbers",[39,80221,101],{"class":53},[39,80223,173],{"class":37275},[39,80225,61],{"class":53},[39,80227,2181],{"class":37275},[39,80229,7958],{"class":53},[39,80231,80232,80234,80236,80238],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80233,34477],{"class":572},[39,80235,44151],{"class":45},[39,80237,1684],{"class":49},[39,80239,35796],{"class":45},[39,80241,80242],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,80243,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80245,80246,80249,80251,80253,80255,80257,80259,80261,80263],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,80247,80248],{"class":45},"list1 ",[39,80250,50],{"class":49},[39,80252,3249],{"class":53},[39,80254,58],{"class":57},[39,80256,61],{"class":53},[39,80258,64],{"class":57},[39,80260,61],{"class":53},[39,80262,73],{"class":57},[39,80264,3262],{"class":53},[39,80266,80267,80270,80272,80274,80276,80278,80280,80282,80284],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,80268,80269],{"class":45},"list2 ",[39,80271,50],{"class":49},[39,80273,3249],{"class":53},[39,80275,682],{"class":57},[39,80277,61],{"class":53},[39,80279,687],{"class":57},[39,80281,61],{"class":53},[39,80283,697],{"class":57},[39,80285,3262],{"class":53},[39,80287,80288],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,80289,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80291,80292,80294,80296,80298,80300,80303,80305,80308,80310,80313],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,80293,86],{"class":45},[39,80295,50],{"class":49},[39,80297,79612],{"class":112},[39,80299,101],{"class":53},[39,80301,80302],{"class":97},"add_numbers",[39,80304,61],{"class":53},[39,80306,80307],{"class":97}," list1",[39,80309,61],{"class":53},[39,80311,80312],{"class":97}," list2",[39,80314,80],{"class":53},[39,80316,80317],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,80318,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80320,80321,80323,80325,80327,80329,80331],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,80322,113],{"class":112},[39,80324,101],{"class":53},[39,80326,7710],{"class":2523},[39,80328,101],{"class":53},[39,80330,118],{"class":97},[39,80332,1026],{"class":53},[20,80334,458],{},[30,80336,80338],{"className":32,"code":80337,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[11, 22, 33]\n",[15,80339,80340],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80341,80342,80344,80347,80349,80352,80354,80357],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80343,3525],{"class":53},[39,80345,80346],{"class":57},"11",[39,80348,61],{"class":53},[39,80350,80351],{"class":57}," 22",[39,80353,61],{"class":53},[39,80355,80356],{"class":57}," 33",[39,80358,3262],{"class":53},[20,80360,1803],{},[147,80362,80363,80369,80375],{},[150,80364,80365,80366],{},"the first values are used together: ",[15,80367,80368],{},"add_numbers(1, 10)",[150,80370,80371,80372],{},"then ",[15,80373,80374],{},"add_numbers(2, 20)",[150,80376,80371,80377],{},[15,80378,80379],{},"add_numbers(3, 30)",[223,80381,80383,80385],{"id":80382},"map-stops-at-the-shortest-iterable",[15,80384,39327],{}," stops at the shortest iterable",[20,80387,80388,80389,80391],{},"If the iterables have different lengths, ",[15,80390,39327],{}," stops when the shortest one ends.",[30,80393,80395],{"className":32,"code":80394,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def add_numbers(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nlist2 = [10, 20]\n\nresult = map(add_numbers, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80396,80397,80413,80423,80427,80451,80467,80471,80493,80497],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80398,80399,80401,80403,80405,80407,80409,80411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80400,34466],{"class":1689},[39,80402,80219],{"class":34469},[39,80404,101],{"class":53},[39,80406,173],{"class":37275},[39,80408,61],{"class":53},[39,80410,2181],{"class":37275},[39,80412,7958],{"class":53},[39,80414,80415,80417,80419,80421],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80416,34477],{"class":572},[39,80418,44151],{"class":45},[39,80420,1684],{"class":49},[39,80422,35796],{"class":45},[39,80424,80425],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,80426,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80428,80429,80431,80433,80435,80437,80439,80441,80443,80445,80447,80449],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,80430,80248],{"class":45},[39,80432,50],{"class":49},[39,80434,3249],{"class":53},[39,80436,58],{"class":57},[39,80438,61],{"class":53},[39,80440,64],{"class":57},[39,80442,61],{"class":53},[39,80444,73],{"class":57},[39,80446,61],{"class":53},[39,80448,2080],{"class":57},[39,80450,3262],{"class":53},[39,80452,80453,80455,80457,80459,80461,80463,80465],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,80454,80269],{"class":45},[39,80456,50],{"class":49},[39,80458,3249],{"class":53},[39,80460,682],{"class":57},[39,80462,61],{"class":53},[39,80464,687],{"class":57},[39,80466,3262],{"class":53},[39,80468,80469],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,80470,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80472,80473,80475,80477,80479,80481,80483,80485,80487,80489,80491],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,80474,86],{"class":45},[39,80476,50],{"class":49},[39,80478,79612],{"class":112},[39,80480,101],{"class":53},[39,80482,80302],{"class":97},[39,80484,61],{"class":53},[39,80486,80307],{"class":97},[39,80488,61],{"class":53},[39,80490,80312],{"class":97},[39,80492,80],{"class":53},[39,80494,80495],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,80496,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80498,80499,80501,80503,80505,80507,80509],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,80500,113],{"class":112},[39,80502,101],{"class":53},[39,80504,7710],{"class":2523},[39,80506,101],{"class":53},[39,80508,118],{"class":97},[39,80510,1026],{"class":53},[20,80512,458],{},[30,80514,80516],{"className":32,"code":80515,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[11, 22]\n",[15,80517,80518],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80519,80520,80522,80524,80526,80528],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80521,3525],{"class":53},[39,80523,80346],{"class":57},[39,80525,61],{"class":53},[39,80527,80351],{"class":57},[39,80529,3262],{"class":53},[20,80531,80532,80533,80536],{},"Only two results are produced because ",[15,80534,80535],{},"list2"," has only two items.",[134,80538,80540,80542],{"id":80539},"map-returns-an-iterator-like-object",[15,80541,39327],{}," returns an iterator-like object",[20,80544,37634,80545,80547],{},[15,80546,39327],{}," returns a map object.",[20,80549,80550,80551,80554],{},"This object is ",[3367,80552,80553],{},"lazy",", which means values are produced only when needed.",[223,80556,2111,80558,80560],{"id":80557},"why-printresult-looks-strange",[15,80559,32641],{}," looks strange",[20,80562,33256],{},[30,80564,80566],{"className":32,"code":80565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,80567,80568,80588,80606,80610],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80569,80570,80572,80574,80576,80578,80580,80582,80584,80586],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80571,46],{"class":45},[39,80573,50],{"class":49},[39,80575,3249],{"class":53},[39,80577,58],{"class":57},[39,80579,61],{"class":53},[39,80581,64],{"class":57},[39,80583,61],{"class":53},[39,80585,73],{"class":57},[39,80587,3262],{"class":53},[39,80589,80590,80592,80594,80596,80598,80600,80602,80604],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80591,86],{"class":45},[39,80593,50],{"class":49},[39,80595,79612],{"class":112},[39,80597,101],{"class":53},[39,80599,3069],{"class":2523},[39,80601,61],{"class":53},[39,80603,91],{"class":97},[39,80605,80],{"class":53},[39,80607,80608],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,80609,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80611,80612,80614,80616,80618],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,80613,113],{"class":112},[39,80615,101],{"class":53},[39,80617,118],{"class":97},[39,80619,80],{"class":53},[20,80621,80622],{},"Output will look something like this:",[30,80624,80626],{"className":32,"code":80625,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cmap object at 0x...>\n",[15,80627,80628],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80629,80630,80632,80634,80636,80638,80640,80642],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80631,2914],{"class":49},[39,80633,39470],{"class":112},[39,80635,24229],{"class":2523},[39,80637,36976],{"class":45},[39,80639,36980],{"class":36979},[39,80641,36983],{"class":34067},[39,80643,2927],{"class":49},[20,80645,80646],{},"That happens because you are printing the map object itself, not the values inside it.",[20,80648,80649],{},"To see the mapped values, convert it to a list or loop over it:",[30,80651,80653],{"className":32,"code":80652,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80654,80655,80675,80693,80697],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80656,80657,80659,80661,80663,80665,80667,80669,80671,80673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80658,46],{"class":45},[39,80660,50],{"class":49},[39,80662,3249],{"class":53},[39,80664,58],{"class":57},[39,80666,61],{"class":53},[39,80668,64],{"class":57},[39,80670,61],{"class":53},[39,80672,73],{"class":57},[39,80674,3262],{"class":53},[39,80676,80677,80679,80681,80683,80685,80687,80689,80691],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80678,86],{"class":45},[39,80680,50],{"class":49},[39,80682,79612],{"class":112},[39,80684,101],{"class":53},[39,80686,3069],{"class":2523},[39,80688,61],{"class":53},[39,80690,91],{"class":97},[39,80692,80],{"class":53},[39,80694,80695],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,80696,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80698,80699,80701,80703,80705,80707,80709],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,80700,113],{"class":112},[39,80702,101],{"class":53},[39,80704,7710],{"class":2523},[39,80706,101],{"class":53},[39,80708,118],{"class":97},[39,80710,1026],{"class":53},[20,80712,458],{},[30,80714,80716],{"className":32,"code":80715,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,80717,80718],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80719,80720,80722,80724,80726,80728,80730,80732,80734,80736,80738,80740,80742,80744],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80721,3525],{"class":53},[39,80723,629],{"class":243},[39,80725,58],{"class":247},[39,80727,629],{"class":243},[39,80729,61],{"class":53},[39,80731,2920],{"class":243},[39,80733,104],{"class":247},[39,80735,629],{"class":243},[39,80737,61],{"class":53},[39,80739,2920],{"class":243},[39,80741,479],{"class":247},[39,80743,629],{"class":243},[39,80745,3262],{"class":53},[223,80747,80749],{"id":80748},"you-can-loop-over-a-map-object-directly","You can loop over a map object directly",[30,80751,80753],{"className":32,"code":80752,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,80754,80755,80775,80793,80797,80810],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80756,80757,80759,80761,80763,80765,80767,80769,80771,80773],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80758,46],{"class":45},[39,80760,50],{"class":49},[39,80762,3249],{"class":53},[39,80764,58],{"class":57},[39,80766,61],{"class":53},[39,80768,64],{"class":57},[39,80770,61],{"class":53},[39,80772,73],{"class":57},[39,80774,3262],{"class":53},[39,80776,80777,80779,80781,80783,80785,80787,80789,80791],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80778,86],{"class":45},[39,80780,50],{"class":49},[39,80782,79612],{"class":112},[39,80784,101],{"class":53},[39,80786,3069],{"class":2523},[39,80788,61],{"class":53},[39,80790,91],{"class":97},[39,80792,80],{"class":53},[39,80794,80795],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,80796,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80798,80799,80801,80803,80805,80808],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,80800,5574],{"class":572},[39,80802,5577],{"class":45},[39,80804,1128],{"class":572},[39,80806,80807],{"class":45}," result",[39,80809,598],{"class":53},[39,80811,80812,80814,80816,80818],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,80813,603],{"class":112},[39,80815,101],{"class":53},[39,80817,22922],{"class":97},[39,80819,80],{"class":53},[20,80821,458],{},[30,80823,80825],{"className":32,"code":80824,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1\n2\n3\n",[15,80826,80827,80831,80835],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80828,80829],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80830,46522],{"class":57},[39,80832,80833],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80834,16669],{"class":57},[39,80836,80837],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,80838,461],{"class":57},[223,80840,80842],{"id":80841},"a-map-object-is-exhausted-after-use","A map object is exhausted after use",[20,80844,80845],{},"Once you consume a map object, it is empty the next time.",[30,80847,80849],{"className":32,"code":80848,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,80850,80851,80871,80889,80893,80907],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80852,80853,80855,80857,80859,80861,80863,80865,80867,80869],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80854,46],{"class":45},[39,80856,50],{"class":49},[39,80858,3249],{"class":53},[39,80860,58],{"class":57},[39,80862,61],{"class":53},[39,80864,64],{"class":57},[39,80866,61],{"class":53},[39,80868,73],{"class":57},[39,80870,3262],{"class":53},[39,80872,80873,80875,80877,80879,80881,80883,80885,80887],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80874,86],{"class":45},[39,80876,50],{"class":49},[39,80878,79612],{"class":112},[39,80880,101],{"class":53},[39,80882,3069],{"class":2523},[39,80884,61],{"class":53},[39,80886,91],{"class":97},[39,80888,80],{"class":53},[39,80890,80891],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,80892,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,80894,80895,80897,80899,80901,80903,80905],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,80896,113],{"class":112},[39,80898,101],{"class":53},[39,80900,7710],{"class":2523},[39,80902,101],{"class":53},[39,80904,118],{"class":97},[39,80906,1026],{"class":53},[39,80908,80909,80911,80913,80915,80917,80919],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,80910,113],{"class":112},[39,80912,101],{"class":53},[39,80914,7710],{"class":2523},[39,80916,101],{"class":53},[39,80918,118],{"class":97},[39,80920,1026],{"class":53},[20,80922,458],{},[30,80924,80926],{"className":32,"code":80925,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['1', '2', '3']\n[]\n",[15,80927,80928,80956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80929,80930,80932,80934,80936,80938,80940,80942,80944,80946,80948,80950,80952,80954],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80931,3525],{"class":53},[39,80933,629],{"class":243},[39,80935,58],{"class":247},[39,80937,629],{"class":243},[39,80939,61],{"class":53},[39,80941,2920],{"class":243},[39,80943,104],{"class":247},[39,80945,629],{"class":243},[39,80947,61],{"class":53},[39,80949,2920],{"class":243},[39,80951,479],{"class":247},[39,80953,629],{"class":243},[39,80955,3262],{"class":53},[39,80957,80958],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80959,37908],{"class":53},[20,80961,80962],{},"The second list is empty because the map object was already used.",[20,80964,80965],{},"If you need the values more than once, store them in a list:",[30,80967,80969],{"className":32,"code":80968,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\n\nprint(result)\nprint(result)\n",[15,80970,80971,80991,81013,81017,81027],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,80972,80973,80975,80977,80979,80981,80983,80985,80987,80989],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,80974,46],{"class":45},[39,80976,50],{"class":49},[39,80978,3249],{"class":53},[39,80980,58],{"class":57},[39,80982,61],{"class":53},[39,80984,64],{"class":57},[39,80986,61],{"class":53},[39,80988,73],{"class":57},[39,80990,3262],{"class":53},[39,80992,80993,80995,80997,80999,81001,81003,81005,81007,81009,81011],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,80994,86],{"class":45},[39,80996,50],{"class":49},[39,80998,22171],{"class":2523},[39,81000,101],{"class":53},[39,81002,39470],{"class":112},[39,81004,101],{"class":53},[39,81006,3069],{"class":2523},[39,81008,61],{"class":53},[39,81010,91],{"class":97},[39,81012,1026],{"class":53},[39,81014,81015],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81016,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81018,81019,81021,81023,81025],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,81020,113],{"class":112},[39,81022,101],{"class":53},[39,81024,118],{"class":97},[39,81026,80],{"class":53},[39,81028,81029,81031,81033,81035],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,81030,113],{"class":112},[39,81032,101],{"class":53},[39,81034,118],{"class":97},[39,81036,80],{"class":53},[20,81038,458],{},[30,81040,81042],{"className":32,"code":81041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['1', '2', '3']\n['1', '2', '3']\n",[15,81043,81044,81072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81045,81046,81048,81050,81052,81054,81056,81058,81060,81062,81064,81066,81068,81070],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81047,3525],{"class":53},[39,81049,629],{"class":243},[39,81051,58],{"class":247},[39,81053,629],{"class":243},[39,81055,61],{"class":53},[39,81057,2920],{"class":243},[39,81059,104],{"class":247},[39,81061,629],{"class":243},[39,81063,61],{"class":53},[39,81065,2920],{"class":243},[39,81067,479],{"class":247},[39,81069,629],{"class":243},[39,81071,3262],{"class":53},[39,81073,81074,81076,81078,81080,81082,81084,81086,81088,81090,81092,81094,81096,81098],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81075,3525],{"class":53},[39,81077,629],{"class":243},[39,81079,58],{"class":247},[39,81081,629],{"class":243},[39,81083,61],{"class":53},[39,81085,2920],{"class":243},[39,81087,104],{"class":247},[39,81089,629],{"class":243},[39,81091,61],{"class":53},[39,81093,2920],{"class":243},[39,81095,479],{"class":247},[39,81097,629],{"class":243},[39,81099,3262],{"class":53},[134,81101,4584,81103],{"id":81102},"when-to-use-map",[15,81104,39327],{},[20,81106,81107,81109],{},[15,81108,39327],{}," is a good choice when you want to apply one function to every item.",[20,81111,81112],{},"It works especially well with simple built-in functions such as:",[147,81114,81115,81119,81123],{},[150,81116,81117],{},[15,81118,3069],{},[150,81120,81121],{},[15,81122,1813],{},[150,81124,81125],{},[15,81126,1643],{},[20,81128,515],{},[30,81130,81132],{"className":32,"code":81131,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = ['1', '2', '3']\nnumbers = list(map(int, values))\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,81133,81134,81166,81188,81192],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81135,81136,81138,81140,81142,81144,81146,81148,81150,81152,81154,81156,81158,81160,81162,81164],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81137,812],{"class":45},[39,81139,50],{"class":49},[39,81141,3249],{"class":53},[39,81143,629],{"class":243},[39,81145,58],{"class":247},[39,81147,629],{"class":243},[39,81149,61],{"class":53},[39,81151,2920],{"class":243},[39,81153,104],{"class":247},[39,81155,629],{"class":243},[39,81157,61],{"class":53},[39,81159,2920],{"class":243},[39,81161,479],{"class":247},[39,81163,629],{"class":243},[39,81165,3262],{"class":53},[39,81167,81168,81170,81172,81174,81176,81178,81180,81182,81184,81186],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81169,46],{"class":45},[39,81171,50],{"class":49},[39,81173,22171],{"class":2523},[39,81175,101],{"class":53},[39,81177,39470],{"class":112},[39,81179,101],{"class":53},[39,81181,1813],{"class":2523},[39,81183,61],{"class":53},[39,81185,3510],{"class":97},[39,81187,1026],{"class":53},[39,81189,81190],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81191,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81193,81194,81196,81198,81200],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,81195,113],{"class":112},[39,81197,101],{"class":53},[39,81199,992],{"class":97},[39,81201,80],{"class":53},[20,81203,458],{},[30,81205,81206],{"className":32,"code":54751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81207,81208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81209,81210,81212,81214,81216,81218,81220,81222],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81211,3525],{"class":53},[39,81213,58],{"class":57},[39,81215,61],{"class":53},[39,81217,64],{"class":57},[39,81219,61],{"class":53},[39,81221,73],{"class":57},[39,81223,3262],{"class":53},[20,81225,81226],{},"For beginners, a list comprehension is often easier to read.",[20,81228,81229],{},"For example, these do similar work:",[30,81231,81233],{"className":32,"code":81232,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = list(map(str, numbers))\nprint(result)\n",[15,81234,81235,81255,81277],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81236,81237,81239,81241,81243,81245,81247,81249,81251,81253],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81238,46],{"class":45},[39,81240,50],{"class":49},[39,81242,3249],{"class":53},[39,81244,58],{"class":57},[39,81246,61],{"class":53},[39,81248,64],{"class":57},[39,81250,61],{"class":53},[39,81252,73],{"class":57},[39,81254,3262],{"class":53},[39,81256,81257,81259,81261,81263,81265,81267,81269,81271,81273,81275],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81258,86],{"class":45},[39,81260,50],{"class":49},[39,81262,22171],{"class":2523},[39,81264,101],{"class":53},[39,81266,39470],{"class":112},[39,81268,101],{"class":53},[39,81270,3069],{"class":2523},[39,81272,61],{"class":53},[39,81274,91],{"class":97},[39,81276,1026],{"class":53},[39,81278,81279,81281,81283,81285],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81280,113],{"class":112},[39,81282,101],{"class":53},[39,81284,118],{"class":97},[39,81286,80],{"class":53},[30,81288,81290],{"className":32,"code":81289,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = [str(n) for n in numbers]\nprint(result)\n",[15,81291,81292,81312,81339],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81293,81294,81296,81298,81300,81302,81304,81306,81308,81310],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81295,46],{"class":45},[39,81297,50],{"class":49},[39,81299,3249],{"class":53},[39,81301,58],{"class":57},[39,81303,61],{"class":53},[39,81305,64],{"class":57},[39,81307,61],{"class":53},[39,81309,73],{"class":57},[39,81311,3262],{"class":53},[39,81313,81314,81316,81318,81320,81322,81324,81326,81328,81330,81333,81335,81337],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81315,86],{"class":45},[39,81317,50],{"class":49},[39,81319,3249],{"class":53},[39,81321,3069],{"class":2523},[39,81323,101],{"class":53},[39,81325,75620],{"class":97},[39,81327,121],{"class":53},[39,81329,3502],{"class":572},[39,81331,81332],{"class":45}," n ",[39,81334,1128],{"class":572},[39,81336,91],{"class":45},[39,81338,3262],{"class":53},[39,81340,81341,81343,81345,81347],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81342,113],{"class":112},[39,81344,101],{"class":53},[39,81346,118],{"class":97},[39,81348,80],{"class":53},[20,81350,81351],{},"Both produce:",[30,81353,81354],{"className":32,"code":80715,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81355,81356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81357,81358,81360,81362,81364,81366,81368,81370,81372,81374,81376,81378,81380,81382],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81359,3525],{"class":53},[39,81361,629],{"class":243},[39,81363,58],{"class":247},[39,81365,629],{"class":243},[39,81367,61],{"class":53},[39,81369,2920],{"class":243},[39,81371,104],{"class":247},[39,81373,629],{"class":243},[39,81375,61],{"class":53},[39,81377,2920],{"class":243},[39,81379,479],{"class":247},[39,81381,629],{"class":243},[39,81383,3262],{"class":53},[20,81385,81386],{},"A simple rule:",[147,81388,81389,81394,81399],{},[150,81390,39601,81391,81393],{},[15,81392,39327],{}," when applying a clear function to every item",[150,81395,39607,81396,81398],{},[15,81397,5574],{}," loop when you need more steps or more explanation",[150,81400,81401],{},"use a list comprehension when you want a compact and readable transformation",[20,81403,81404,81405,94],{},"If you want more practice with that style, see ",[173,81406,4015],{"href":4014},[134,81408,4141],{"id":4140},[223,81410,81412,81413],{"id":81411},"_1-forgetting-to-convert-the-result-to-list","1. Forgetting to convert the result to ",[15,81414,24392],{},[20,81416,81417],{},"This is very common:",[30,81419,81420],{"className":32,"code":80565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81421,81422,81442,81460,81464],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81423,81424,81426,81428,81430,81432,81434,81436,81438,81440],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81425,46],{"class":45},[39,81427,50],{"class":49},[39,81429,3249],{"class":53},[39,81431,58],{"class":57},[39,81433,61],{"class":53},[39,81435,64],{"class":57},[39,81437,61],{"class":53},[39,81439,73],{"class":57},[39,81441,3262],{"class":53},[39,81443,81444,81446,81448,81450,81452,81454,81456,81458],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81445,86],{"class":45},[39,81447,50],{"class":49},[39,81449,79612],{"class":112},[39,81451,101],{"class":53},[39,81453,3069],{"class":2523},[39,81455,61],{"class":53},[39,81457,91],{"class":97},[39,81459,80],{"class":53},[39,81461,81462],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81463,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81465,81466,81468,81470,81472],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,81467,113],{"class":112},[39,81469,101],{"class":53},[39,81471,118],{"class":97},[39,81473,80],{"class":53},[20,81475,81476],{},"This prints the map object, not the values.",[20,81478,38872],{},[30,81480,81482],{"className":32,"code":81481,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(result))\n",[15,81483,81484],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81485,81486,81488,81490,81492,81494,81496],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81487,113],{"class":112},[39,81489,101],{"class":53},[39,81491,7710],{"class":2523},[39,81493,101],{"class":53},[39,81495,118],{"class":97},[39,81497,1026],{"class":53},[223,81499,81501],{"id":81500},"_2-calling-the-function-instead-of-passing-it","2. Calling the function instead of passing it",[20,81503,16256],{},[30,81505,81507],{"className":32,"code":81506,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(str(), numbers)\n",[15,81508,81509,81529],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81510,81511,81513,81515,81517,81519,81521,81523,81525,81527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81512,46],{"class":45},[39,81514,50],{"class":49},[39,81516,3249],{"class":53},[39,81518,58],{"class":57},[39,81520,61],{"class":53},[39,81522,64],{"class":57},[39,81524,61],{"class":53},[39,81526,73],{"class":57},[39,81528,3262],{"class":53},[39,81530,81531,81533,81535,81537,81539,81541,81544,81546],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81532,86],{"class":45},[39,81534,50],{"class":49},[39,81536,79612],{"class":112},[39,81538,101],{"class":53},[39,81540,3069],{"class":2523},[39,81542,81543],{"class":53},"(),",[39,81545,91],{"class":97},[39,81547,80],{"class":53},[20,81549,81550,81551,81553,81554,81556],{},"This is wrong because ",[15,81552,47289],{}," is being called immediately. ",[15,81555,39327],{}," needs the function itself, not the result of calling it.",[20,81558,16268],{},[30,81560,81561],{"className":32,"code":80652,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81562,81563,81583,81601,81605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81564,81565,81567,81569,81571,81573,81575,81577,81579,81581],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81566,46],{"class":45},[39,81568,50],{"class":49},[39,81570,3249],{"class":53},[39,81572,58],{"class":57},[39,81574,61],{"class":53},[39,81576,64],{"class":57},[39,81578,61],{"class":53},[39,81580,73],{"class":57},[39,81582,3262],{"class":53},[39,81584,81585,81587,81589,81591,81593,81595,81597,81599],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81586,86],{"class":45},[39,81588,50],{"class":49},[39,81590,79612],{"class":112},[39,81592,101],{"class":53},[39,81594,3069],{"class":2523},[39,81596,61],{"class":53},[39,81598,91],{"class":97},[39,81600,80],{"class":53},[39,81602,81603],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81604,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81606,81607,81609,81611,81613,81615,81617],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,81608,113],{"class":112},[39,81610,101],{"class":53},[39,81612,7710],{"class":2523},[39,81614,101],{"class":53},[39,81616,118],{"class":97},[39,81618,1026],{"class":53},[223,81620,81622],{"id":81621},"_3-using-a-function-with-the-wrong-number-of-parameters","3. Using a function with the wrong number of parameters",[20,81624,81625],{},"If your function needs two arguments, but you pass only one iterable, it will fail.",[20,81627,16256],{},[30,81629,81631],{"className":32,"code":81630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nnumbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = map(add, numbers)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81632,81633,81650,81660,81664,81684,81703,81707],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81634,81635,81637,81640,81642,81644,81646,81648],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81636,34466],{"class":1689},[39,81638,81639],{"class":34469}," add",[39,81641,101],{"class":53},[39,81643,173],{"class":37275},[39,81645,61],{"class":53},[39,81647,2181],{"class":37275},[39,81649,7958],{"class":53},[39,81651,81652,81654,81656,81658],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81653,34477],{"class":572},[39,81655,44151],{"class":45},[39,81657,1684],{"class":49},[39,81659,35796],{"class":45},[39,81661,81662],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81663,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81665,81666,81668,81670,81672,81674,81676,81678,81680,81682],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,81667,46],{"class":45},[39,81669,50],{"class":49},[39,81671,3249],{"class":53},[39,81673,58],{"class":57},[39,81675,61],{"class":53},[39,81677,64],{"class":57},[39,81679,61],{"class":53},[39,81681,73],{"class":57},[39,81683,3262],{"class":53},[39,81685,81686,81688,81690,81692,81694,81697,81699,81701],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,81687,86],{"class":45},[39,81689,50],{"class":49},[39,81691,79612],{"class":112},[39,81693,101],{"class":53},[39,81695,81696],{"class":97},"add",[39,81698,61],{"class":53},[39,81700,91],{"class":97},[39,81702,80],{"class":53},[39,81704,81705],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,81706,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81708,81709,81711,81713,81715,81717,81719],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,81710,113],{"class":112},[39,81712,101],{"class":53},[39,81714,7710],{"class":2523},[39,81716,101],{"class":53},[39,81718,118],{"class":97},[39,81720,1026],{"class":53},[20,81722,16268],{},[30,81724,81726],{"className":32,"code":81725,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"def add(a, b):\n    return a + b\n\nlist1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = map(add, list1, list2)\n\nprint(list(result))\n",[15,81727,81728,81744,81754,81758,81778,81798,81820,81824],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81729,81730,81732,81734,81736,81738,81740,81742],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81731,34466],{"class":1689},[39,81733,81639],{"class":34469},[39,81735,101],{"class":53},[39,81737,173],{"class":37275},[39,81739,61],{"class":53},[39,81741,2181],{"class":37275},[39,81743,7958],{"class":53},[39,81745,81746,81748,81750,81752],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81747,34477],{"class":572},[39,81749,44151],{"class":45},[39,81751,1684],{"class":49},[39,81753,35796],{"class":45},[39,81755,81756],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81757,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81759,81760,81762,81764,81766,81768,81770,81772,81774,81776],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,81761,80248],{"class":45},[39,81763,50],{"class":49},[39,81765,3249],{"class":53},[39,81767,58],{"class":57},[39,81769,61],{"class":53},[39,81771,64],{"class":57},[39,81773,61],{"class":53},[39,81775,73],{"class":57},[39,81777,3262],{"class":53},[39,81779,81780,81782,81784,81786,81788,81790,81792,81794,81796],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,81781,80269],{"class":45},[39,81783,50],{"class":49},[39,81785,3249],{"class":53},[39,81787,682],{"class":57},[39,81789,61],{"class":53},[39,81791,687],{"class":57},[39,81793,61],{"class":53},[39,81795,697],{"class":57},[39,81797,3262],{"class":53},[39,81799,81800,81802,81804,81806,81808,81810,81812,81814,81816,81818],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,81801,86],{"class":45},[39,81803,50],{"class":49},[39,81805,79612],{"class":112},[39,81807,101],{"class":53},[39,81809,81696],{"class":97},[39,81811,61],{"class":53},[39,81813,80307],{"class":97},[39,81815,61],{"class":53},[39,81817,80312],{"class":97},[39,81819,80],{"class":53},[39,81821,81822],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,81823,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81825,81826,81828,81830,81832,81834,81836],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,81827,113],{"class":112},[39,81829,101],{"class":53},[39,81831,7710],{"class":2523},[39,81833,101],{"class":53},[39,81835,118],{"class":97},[39,81837,1026],{"class":53},[223,81839,81841],{"id":81840},"_4-reusing-the-same-map-object","4. Reusing the same map object",[20,81843,16256],{},[30,81845,81846],{"className":32,"code":80848,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,81847,81848,81868,81886,81890,81904],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81849,81850,81852,81854,81856,81858,81860,81862,81864,81866],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81851,46],{"class":45},[39,81853,50],{"class":49},[39,81855,3249],{"class":53},[39,81857,58],{"class":57},[39,81859,61],{"class":53},[39,81861,64],{"class":57},[39,81863,61],{"class":53},[39,81865,73],{"class":57},[39,81867,3262],{"class":53},[39,81869,81870,81872,81874,81876,81878,81880,81882,81884],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81871,86],{"class":45},[39,81873,50],{"class":49},[39,81875,79612],{"class":112},[39,81877,101],{"class":53},[39,81879,3069],{"class":2523},[39,81881,61],{"class":53},[39,81883,91],{"class":97},[39,81885,80],{"class":53},[39,81887,81888],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81889,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,81891,81892,81894,81896,81898,81900,81902],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,81893,113],{"class":112},[39,81895,101],{"class":53},[39,81897,7710],{"class":2523},[39,81899,101],{"class":53},[39,81901,118],{"class":97},[39,81903,1026],{"class":53},[39,81905,81906,81908,81910,81912,81914,81916],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,81907,113],{"class":112},[39,81909,101],{"class":53},[39,81911,7710],{"class":2523},[39,81913,101],{"class":53},[39,81915,118],{"class":97},[39,81917,1026],{"class":53},[20,81919,81920],{},"The second result is empty.",[20,81922,81923],{},"Fix: create a new map object, or convert once and save the list.",[134,81925,67486],{"id":67485},[20,81927,8487,81928,81930],{},[15,81929,39327],{}," is not doing what you expect, these quick checks can help:",[30,81932,81934],{"className":32,"code":81933,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(result)\nprint(list(result))\nprint(type(result))\nfor item in result:\n    print(item)\n",[15,81935,81936,81946,81960,81974,81986],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,81937,81938,81940,81942,81944],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,81939,113],{"class":112},[39,81941,101],{"class":53},[39,81943,118],{"class":97},[39,81945,80],{"class":53},[39,81947,81948,81950,81952,81954,81956,81958],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,81949,113],{"class":112},[39,81951,101],{"class":53},[39,81953,7710],{"class":2523},[39,81955,101],{"class":53},[39,81957,118],{"class":97},[39,81959,1026],{"class":53},[39,81961,81962,81964,81966,81968,81970,81972],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,81963,113],{"class":112},[39,81965,101],{"class":53},[39,81967,2845],{"class":2523},[39,81969,101],{"class":53},[39,81971,118],{"class":97},[39,81973,1026],{"class":53},[39,81975,81976,81978,81980,81982,81984],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,81977,5574],{"class":572},[39,81979,5577],{"class":45},[39,81981,1128],{"class":572},[39,81983,80807],{"class":45},[39,81985,598],{"class":53},[39,81987,81988,81990,81992,81994],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,81989,603],{"class":112},[39,81991,101],{"class":53},[39,81993,22922],{"class":97},[39,81995,80],{"class":53},[20,81997,12284],{},[147,81999,82000,82005,82010,82016],{},[150,82001,82002,82004],{},[15,82003,32641],{}," shows that you have a map object",[150,82006,82007,82009],{},[15,82008,32649],{}," shows the actual mapped values",[150,82011,82012,82015],{},[15,82013,82014],{},"print(type(result))"," confirms the result type",[150,82017,82018,82019,82021],{},"looping over ",[15,82020,118],{}," lets you inspect items one by one",[20,82023,82024,82025,82028,82029,82031],{},"Be careful: ",[15,82026,82027],{},"list(result)"," and a ",[15,82030,5574],{}," loop consume the map object.",[134,82033,1454],{"id":1453},[223,82035,1468,82037,82039],{"id":82036},"does-map-return-a-list-in-python",[15,82038,39327],{}," return a list in Python?",[20,82041,82042,82043,82045,82046,23550],{},"No. In Python 3, ",[15,82044,39327],{}," returns a map object. Use ",[15,82047,82048],{},"list(map(...))",[223,82050,14514,82052,82054,82055,82057],{"id":82051},"is-map-better-than-a-for-loop",[15,82053,39327],{}," better than a ",[15,82056,5574],{}," loop?",[20,82059,82060,82061,82063,82064,82066],{},"Not always. ",[15,82062,39327],{}," is shorter for simple transformations, but a ",[15,82065,5574],{}," loop can be easier to read.",[223,82068,1487,82070,82072],{"id":82069},"can-map-use-more-than-one-list",[15,82071,39327],{}," use more than one list?",[20,82074,82075],{},"Yes. Pass multiple iterables, and use a function that accepts one argument for each iterable.",[223,82077,82079],{"id":82078},"why-is-my-map-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my map object empty the second time?",[20,82081,82082],{},"A map object is consumed as you iterate over it. Create a new one if you need to use it again.",[134,82084,1514],{"id":1513},[147,82086,82087,82093,82099,82103,82107],{},[150,82088,82089],{},[173,82090,3202,82091,3135],{"href":39696},[15,82092,37188],{},[150,82094,82095],{},[173,82096,3202,82097,3135],{"href":64439},[15,82098,24392],{},[150,82100,82101],{},[173,82102,4838],{"href":4753},[150,82104,82105],{},[173,82106,4843],{"href":4014},[150,82108,82109],{},[173,82110,4833],{"href":4757},[1550,82112,82113],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sGLFI, html code.shiki .sGLFI{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#6F42C1;--shiki-dark:#B392F0}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":82115},[82116,82117,82119,82120,82121,82123,82128,82135,82137,82144,82145,82154],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":79691,"depth":83,"text":82118},"What map() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":80010,"depth":83,"text":82122},"Using map() with your own function",{"id":80194,"depth":83,"text":82124,"children":82125},"Using map() with multiple iterables",[82126],{"id":80382,"depth":109,"text":82127},"map() stops at the shortest iterable",{"id":80539,"depth":83,"text":82129,"children":82130},"map() returns an iterator-like object",[82131,82133,82134],{"id":80557,"depth":109,"text":82132},"Why print(result) looks strange",{"id":80748,"depth":109,"text":80749},{"id":80841,"depth":109,"text":80842},{"id":81102,"depth":83,"text":82136},"When to use map()",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":82138},[82139,82141,82142,82143],{"id":81411,"depth":109,"text":82140},"1. Forgetting to convert the result to list()",{"id":81500,"depth":109,"text":81501},{"id":81621,"depth":109,"text":81622},{"id":81840,"depth":109,"text":81841},{"id":67485,"depth":83,"text":67486},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":82146},[82147,82149,82151,82153],{"id":82036,"depth":109,"text":82148},"Does map() return a list in Python?",{"id":82051,"depth":109,"text":82150},"Is map() better than a for loop?",{"id":82069,"depth":109,"text":82152},"Can map() use more than one list?",{"id":82078,"depth":109,"text":82079},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python map function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained",{"title":79523,"description":82155},"reference\u002Fpython-map-function-explained","4MI2YLPo_ZE_nkJe3whDWQ5FDq18dCJHZg2kU_VJhkQ",{"id":82162,"title":82163,"body":82164,"description":84184,"extension":1587,"meta":84185,"navigation":420,"path":84186,"seo":84187,"stem":84188,"__hash__":84189},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained.md","Python max() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":82165,"toc":84142},[82166,82172,82177,82180,82188,82191,82193,82317,82319,82337,82339,82359,82364,82368,82382,82385,82388,82390,82395,82507,82510,82528,82534,82537,82599,82601,82610,82613,82627,82629,82677,82679,82688,82698,82704,82707,82734,82736,82744,82747,82750,82820,82822,82830,82833,82838,82843,82894,82896,82904,82907,82909,82926,82928,82980,82983,82989,82993,82998,83001,83005,83064,83066,83075,83081,83090,83094,83157,83159,83167,83172,83176,83181,83261,83263,83272,83279,83284,83289,83292,83327,83329,83337,83340,83346,83348,83398,83400,83409,83412,83430,83432,83437,83443,83450,83477,83479,83502,83507,83542,83547,83553,83558,83601,83604,83607,83646,83653,83659,83664,83679,83683,83690,83693,83697,83702,83706,83711,83713,83774,83776,83805,83810,83817,83826,83828,83831,83856,83858,83961,83964,83982,83991,83993,83998,84001,84007,84010,84012,84022,84028,84032,84090,84097,84105,84107,84139],[10,82167,3202,82169,3206],{"id":82168},"python-max-function-explained",[15,82170,82171],{},"max()",[20,82173,8735,82174,82176],{},[15,82175,82171],{}," function returns the largest item.",[20,82178,82179],{},"You can use it in two main ways:",[147,82181,82182,82185],{},[150,82183,82184],{},"To get the largest item from an iterable like a list or tuple",[150,82186,82187],{},"To compare two or more separate values",[20,82189,82190],{},"This is useful when you want the highest number, the alphabetically largest string, or the biggest item based on a custom rule.",[134,82192,1629],{"id":1628},[30,82194,82196],{"className":32,"code":82195,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\nprint(max(numbers))\n\nprint(max(3, 8, 2, 5))\n\nwords = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82197,82198,82222,82237,82241,82267,82271,82303],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82199,82200,82202,82204,82206,82208,82210,82212,82214,82216,82218,82220],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82201,46],{"class":45},[39,82203,50],{"class":49},[39,82205,3249],{"class":53},[39,82207,479],{"class":57},[39,82209,61],{"class":53},[39,82211,5975],{"class":57},[39,82213,61],{"class":53},[39,82215,64],{"class":57},[39,82217,61],{"class":53},[39,82219,4228],{"class":57},[39,82221,3262],{"class":53},[39,82223,82224,82226,82228,82231,82233,82235],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,82225,113],{"class":112},[39,82227,101],{"class":53},[39,82229,82230],{"class":112},"max",[39,82232,101],{"class":53},[39,82234,992],{"class":97},[39,82236,1026],{"class":53},[39,82238,82239],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,82240,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,82242,82243,82245,82247,82249,82251,82253,82255,82257,82259,82261,82263,82265],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,82244,113],{"class":112},[39,82246,101],{"class":53},[39,82248,82230],{"class":112},[39,82250,101],{"class":53},[39,82252,479],{"class":57},[39,82254,61],{"class":53},[39,82256,5975],{"class":57},[39,82258,61],{"class":53},[39,82260,64],{"class":57},[39,82262,61],{"class":53},[39,82264,4228],{"class":57},[39,82266,1026],{"class":53},[39,82268,82269],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,82270,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,82272,82273,82275,82277,82279,82281,82283,82285,82287,82289,82291,82293,82295,82297,82299,82301],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,82274,1191],{"class":45},[39,82276,50],{"class":49},[39,82278,3249],{"class":53},[39,82280,244],{"class":243},[39,82282,377],{"class":247},[39,82284,244],{"class":243},[39,82286,61],{"class":53},[39,82288,255],{"class":243},[39,82290,386],{"class":247},[39,82292,244],{"class":243},[39,82294,61],{"class":53},[39,82296,255],{"class":243},[39,82298,78334],{"class":247},[39,82300,244],{"class":243},[39,82302,3262],{"class":53},[39,82304,82305,82307,82309,82311,82313,82315],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,82306,113],{"class":112},[39,82308,101],{"class":53},[39,82310,82230],{"class":112},[39,82312,101],{"class":53},[39,82314,1229],{"class":97},[39,82316,1026],{"class":53},[20,82318,458],{},[30,82320,82322],{"className":32,"code":82321,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"8\n8\npear\n",[15,82323,82324,82328,82332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82325,82326],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82327,2005],{"class":57},[39,82329,82330],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,82331,2005],{"class":57},[39,82333,82334],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,82335,82336],{"class":45},"pear\n",[20,82338,335],{},[147,82340,82341,82347,82353],{},[150,82342,82343,82346],{},[15,82344,82345],{},"max(numbers)"," uses the iterable form",[150,82348,82349,82352],{},[15,82350,82351],{},"max(3, 8, 2, 5)"," uses separate arguments",[150,82354,82355,82358],{},[15,82356,82357],{},"max(words)"," compares strings alphabetically",[134,82360,137,82362,140],{"id":82361},"what-max-does",[15,82363,82171],{},[20,82365,82366,145],{},[15,82367,82171],{},[147,82369,82370,82373,82376,82379],{},[150,82371,82372],{},"Returns the largest item",[150,82374,82375],{},"Works with a list, tuple, string, set, or other iterable",[150,82377,82378],{},"Also works with two or more separate values",[150,82380,82381],{},"Compares items using Python’s normal ordering rules",[20,82383,82384],{},"For numbers, “largest” means the highest value.",[20,82386,82387],{},"For strings, “largest” means the item that comes last in alphabetical order.",[134,82389,1781],{"id":1780},[20,82391,82392,82393,145],{},"Here are the main forms of ",[15,82394,82171],{},[30,82396,82398],{"className":32,"code":82397,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"max(iterable)\nmax(iterable, *, key=func)\nmax(iterable, *, default=value)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args)\nmax(arg1, arg2, *args, key=func)\n",[15,82399,82400,82410,82434,82456,82479],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82401,82402,82404,82406,82408],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82403,82230],{"class":112},[39,82405,101],{"class":53},[39,82407,3344],{"class":97},[39,82409,80],{"class":53},[39,82411,82412,82414,82416,82418,82420,82423,82425,82427,82429,82432],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,82413,82230],{"class":112},[39,82415,101],{"class":53},[39,82417,3344],{"class":97},[39,82419,61],{"class":53},[39,82421,82422],{"class":49}," *",[39,82424,61],{"class":53},[39,82426,21191],{"class":8788},[39,82428,50],{"class":49},[39,82430,82431],{"class":97},"func",[39,82433,80],{"class":53},[39,82435,82436,82438,82440,82442,82444,82446,82448,82450,82452,82454],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,82437,82230],{"class":112},[39,82439,101],{"class":53},[39,82441,3344],{"class":97},[39,82443,61],{"class":53},[39,82445,82422],{"class":49},[39,82447,61],{"class":53},[39,82449,26135],{"class":8788},[39,82451,50],{"class":49},[39,82453,155],{"class":97},[39,82455,80],{"class":53},[39,82457,82458,82460,82462,82465,82467,82470,82472,82474,82477],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,82459,82230],{"class":112},[39,82461,101],{"class":53},[39,82463,82464],{"class":97},"arg1",[39,82466,61],{"class":53},[39,82468,82469],{"class":97}," arg2",[39,82471,61],{"class":53},[39,82473,82422],{"class":49},[39,82475,82476],{"class":97},"args",[39,82478,80],{"class":53},[39,82480,82481,82483,82485,82487,82489,82491,82493,82495,82497,82499,82501,82503,82505],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,82482,82230],{"class":112},[39,82484,101],{"class":53},[39,82486,82464],{"class":97},[39,82488,61],{"class":53},[39,82490,82469],{"class":97},[39,82492,61],{"class":53},[39,82494,82422],{"class":49},[39,82496,82476],{"class":97},[39,82498,61],{"class":53},[39,82500,21191],{"class":8788},[39,82502,50],{"class":49},[39,82504,82431],{"class":97},[39,82506,80],{"class":53},[20,82508,82509],{},"The most important parts are:",[147,82511,82512,82517,82522],{},[150,82513,82514,82516],{},[15,82515,3344],{},": a collection like a list, tuple, or string",[150,82518,82519,82521],{},[15,82520,14452],{},": a function that tells Python how to compare items",[150,82523,82524,82527],{},[15,82525,82526],{},"default",": a value to return if the iterable is empty",[134,82529,948,82531,82533],{"id":82530},"using-max-with-a-list-of-numbers",[15,82532,82171],{}," with a list of numbers",[20,82535,82536],{},"This is the most common beginner use case.",[30,82538,82540],{"className":32,"code":82539,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [72, 91, 85, 66]\nhighest_score = max(scores)\n\nprint(highest_score)\n",[15,82541,82542,82568,82584,82588],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82543,82544,82546,82548,82550,82553,82555,82557,82559,82561,82563,82566],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82545,675],{"class":45},[39,82547,50],{"class":49},[39,82549,3249],{"class":53},[39,82551,82552],{"class":57},"72",[39,82554,61],{"class":53},[39,82556,51112],{"class":57},[39,82558,61],{"class":53},[39,82560,13117],{"class":57},[39,82562,61],{"class":53},[39,82564,82565],{"class":57}," 66",[39,82567,3262],{"class":53},[39,82569,82570,82573,82575,82578,82580,82582],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,82571,82572],{"class":45},"highest_score ",[39,82574,50],{"class":49},[39,82576,82577],{"class":112}," max",[39,82579,101],{"class":53},[39,82581,16001],{"class":97},[39,82583,80],{"class":53},[39,82585,82586],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,82587,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,82589,82590,82592,82594,82597],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,82591,113],{"class":112},[39,82593,101],{"class":53},[39,82595,82596],{"class":97},"highest_score",[39,82598,80],{"class":53},[20,82600,458],{},[30,82602,82604],{"className":32,"code":82603,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"91\n",[15,82605,82606],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82607,82608],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82609,82603],{"class":57},[20,82611,82612],{},"This works well for:",[147,82614,82615,82618,82621,82624],{},[150,82616,82617],{},"Scores",[150,82619,82620],{},"Prices",[150,82622,82623],{},"Ages",[150,82625,82626],{},"Counts",[20,82628,51682],{},[30,82630,82632],{"className":32,"code":82631,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"prices = [19.99, 5.50, 12.75, 29.00]\nprint(max(prices))\n",[15,82633,82634,82662],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82635,82636,82639,82641,82643,82645,82647,82650,82652,82655,82657,82660],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82637,82638],{"class":45},"prices ",[39,82640,50],{"class":49},[39,82642,3249],{"class":53},[39,82644,40009],{"class":57},[39,82646,61],{"class":53},[39,82648,82649],{"class":57}," 5.50",[39,82651,61],{"class":53},[39,82653,82654],{"class":57}," 12.75",[39,82656,61],{"class":53},[39,82658,82659],{"class":57}," 29.00",[39,82661,3262],{"class":53},[39,82663,82664,82666,82668,82670,82672,82675],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,82665,113],{"class":112},[39,82667,101],{"class":53},[39,82669,82230],{"class":112},[39,82671,101],{"class":53},[39,82673,82674],{"class":97},"prices",[39,82676,1026],{"class":53},[20,82678,458],{},[30,82680,82682],{"className":32,"code":82681,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"29.0\n",[15,82683,82684],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82685,82686],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82687,82681],{"class":57},[20,82689,82690,82691,82693,82694,94],{},"If you only need the largest value, ",[15,82692,82171],{}," is simpler than ",[173,82695,82696],{"href":74111},[15,82697,74014],{},[134,82699,948,82701,82703],{"id":82700},"using-max-with-separate-values",[15,82702,82171],{}," with separate values",[20,82705,82706],{},"You do not always need a list. You can pass values directly.",[30,82708,82710],{"className":32,"code":82709,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(max(4, 12, 7))\n",[15,82711,82712],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82713,82714,82716,82718,82720,82722,82724,82726,82728,82730,82732],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82715,113],{"class":112},[39,82717,101],{"class":53},[39,82719,82230],{"class":112},[39,82721,101],{"class":53},[39,82723,1333],{"class":57},[39,82725,61],{"class":53},[39,82727,30556],{"class":57},[39,82729,61],{"class":53},[39,82731,1338],{"class":57},[39,82733,1026],{"class":53},[20,82735,458],{},[30,82737,82738],{"className":32,"code":1850,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,82739,82740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82741,82742],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82743,1850],{"class":57},[20,82745,82746],{},"This is useful for quick comparisons.",[20,82748,82749],{},"For example, comparing three numbers entered by a user:",[30,82751,82753],{"className":32,"code":82752,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = 15\nb = 42\nc = 27\n\nlargest = max(a, b, c)\nprint(largest)\n",[15,82754,82755,82764,82772,82782,82786,82809],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82756,82757,82759,82761],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82758,2176],{"class":45},[39,82760,50],{"class":49},[39,82762,82763],{"class":57}," 15\n",[39,82765,82766,82768,82770],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,82767,2204],{"class":45},[39,82769,50],{"class":49},[39,82771,2391],{"class":57},[39,82773,82774,82777,82779],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,82775,82776],{"class":45},"c ",[39,82778,50],{"class":49},[39,82780,82781],{"class":57}," 27\n",[39,82783,82784],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,82785,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,82787,82788,82791,82793,82795,82797,82799,82801,82803,82805,82807],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,82789,82790],{"class":45},"largest ",[39,82792,50],{"class":49},[39,82794,82577],{"class":112},[39,82796,101],{"class":53},[39,82798,173],{"class":97},[39,82800,61],{"class":53},[39,82802,2181],{"class":97},[39,82804,61],{"class":53},[39,82806,9294],{"class":97},[39,82808,80],{"class":53},[39,82810,82811,82813,82815,82818],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,82812,113],{"class":112},[39,82814,101],{"class":53},[39,82816,82817],{"class":97},"largest",[39,82819,80],{"class":53},[20,82821,458],{},[30,82823,82824],{"className":32,"code":46218,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,82825,82826],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82827,82828],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82829,46218],{"class":57},[20,82831,82832],{},"Use this form when you already have separate values and do not need to store them in a list first.",[134,82834,948,82836,46664],{"id":82835},"using-max-with-strings",[15,82837,82171],{},[20,82839,82840,82842],{},[15,82841,82171],{}," can compare strings too.",[30,82844,82846],{"className":32,"code":82845,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82847,82848,82880],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82849,82850,82852,82854,82856,82858,82860,82862,82864,82866,82868,82870,82872,82874,82876,82878],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82851,1191],{"class":45},[39,82853,50],{"class":49},[39,82855,3249],{"class":53},[39,82857,244],{"class":243},[39,82859,377],{"class":247},[39,82861,244],{"class":243},[39,82863,61],{"class":53},[39,82865,255],{"class":243},[39,82867,386],{"class":247},[39,82869,244],{"class":243},[39,82871,61],{"class":53},[39,82873,255],{"class":243},[39,82875,78334],{"class":247},[39,82877,244],{"class":243},[39,82879,3262],{"class":53},[39,82881,82882,82884,82886,82888,82890,82892],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,82883,113],{"class":112},[39,82885,101],{"class":53},[39,82887,82230],{"class":112},[39,82889,101],{"class":53},[39,82891,1229],{"class":97},[39,82893,1026],{"class":53},[20,82895,458],{},[30,82897,82898],{"className":32,"code":82336,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,82899,82900],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82901,82902],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82903,82336],{"class":45},[20,82905,82906],{},"This happens because strings are compared alphabetically.",[20,82908,67874],{},[147,82910,82911,82920,82923],{},[150,82912,82913,82916,82917,82919],{},[15,82914,82915],{},"\"pear\""," comes after ",[15,82918,64866],{}," alphabetically",[150,82921,82922],{},"Uppercase and lowercase letters can change the result",[150,82924,82925],{},"Mixed text case can surprise beginners",[20,82927,515],{},[30,82929,82931],{"className":32,"code":82930,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words))\n",[15,82932,82933,82966],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,82934,82935,82937,82939,82941,82943,82945,82947,82949,82951,82954,82956,82958,82960,82962,82964],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,82936,1191],{"class":45},[39,82938,50],{"class":49},[39,82940,3249],{"class":53},[39,82942,244],{"class":243},[39,82944,377],{"class":247},[39,82946,244],{"class":243},[39,82948,61],{"class":53},[39,82950,255],{"class":243},[39,82952,82953],{"class":247},"Banana",[39,82955,244],{"class":243},[39,82957,61],{"class":53},[39,82959,255],{"class":243},[39,82961,78334],{"class":247},[39,82963,244],{"class":243},[39,82965,3262],{"class":53},[39,82967,82968,82970,82972,82974,82976,82978],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,82969,113],{"class":112},[39,82971,101],{"class":53},[39,82973,82230],{"class":112},[39,82975,101],{"class":53},[39,82977,1229],{"class":97},[39,82979,1026],{"class":53},[20,82981,82982],{},"The result may not be what you expect because uppercase letters are compared differently from lowercase letters.",[20,82984,82985,82986,82988],{},"You can fix that with the ",[15,82987,14452],{}," argument, which is explained below.",[134,82990,36226,82991,36229],{"id":78292},[15,82992,14452],{},[20,82994,1604,82995,82997],{},[15,82996,14452],{}," argument lets you control how items are compared.",[20,82999,83000],{},"This is very useful when the “largest” item is not simply the normal largest value.",[223,83002,83004],{"id":83003},"find-the-longest-word","Find the longest word",[30,83006,83008],{"className":32,"code":83007,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"cat\", \"elephant\", \"dog\"]\nprint(max(words, key=len))\n",[15,83009,83010,83042],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83011,83012,83014,83016,83018,83020,83022,83024,83026,83028,83030,83032,83034,83036,83038,83040],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83013,1191],{"class":45},[39,83015,50],{"class":49},[39,83017,3249],{"class":53},[39,83019,244],{"class":243},[39,83021,839],{"class":247},[39,83023,244],{"class":243},[39,83025,61],{"class":53},[39,83027,255],{"class":243},[39,83029,67917],{"class":247},[39,83031,244],{"class":243},[39,83033,61],{"class":53},[39,83035,255],{"class":243},[39,83037,57723],{"class":247},[39,83039,244],{"class":243},[39,83041,3262],{"class":53},[39,83043,83044,83046,83048,83050,83052,83054,83056,83058,83060,83062],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83045,113],{"class":112},[39,83047,101],{"class":53},[39,83049,82230],{"class":112},[39,83051,101],{"class":53},[39,83053,1229],{"class":97},[39,83055,61],{"class":53},[39,83057,21191],{"class":8788},[39,83059,50],{"class":49},[39,83061,10775],{"class":112},[39,83063,1026],{"class":53},[20,83065,458],{},[30,83067,83069],{"className":32,"code":83068,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"elephant\n",[15,83070,83071],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83072,83073],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83074,83068],{"class":45},[20,83076,20383,83077,83080],{},[15,83078,83079],{},"key=len"," tells Python to compare the lengths of the strings instead of the strings themselves.",[20,83082,83083,83084,33242,83086,94],{},"If you are new to ",[15,83085,1542],{},[173,83087,83088,5399],{"href":41966},[15,83089,1542],{},[223,83091,83093],{"id":83092},"compare-strings-without-caring-about-uppercase-or-lowercase","Compare strings without caring about uppercase or lowercase",[30,83095,83097],{"className":32,"code":83096,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"Banana\", \"pear\"]\nprint(max(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,83098,83099,83131],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83100,83101,83103,83105,83107,83109,83111,83113,83115,83117,83119,83121,83123,83125,83127,83129],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83102,1191],{"class":45},[39,83104,50],{"class":49},[39,83106,3249],{"class":53},[39,83108,244],{"class":243},[39,83110,377],{"class":247},[39,83112,244],{"class":243},[39,83114,61],{"class":53},[39,83116,255],{"class":243},[39,83118,82953],{"class":247},[39,83120,244],{"class":243},[39,83122,61],{"class":53},[39,83124,255],{"class":243},[39,83126,78334],{"class":247},[39,83128,244],{"class":243},[39,83130,3262],{"class":53},[39,83132,83133,83135,83137,83139,83141,83143,83145,83147,83149,83151,83153,83155],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83134,113],{"class":112},[39,83136,101],{"class":53},[39,83138,82230],{"class":112},[39,83140,101],{"class":53},[39,83142,1229],{"class":97},[39,83144,61],{"class":53},[39,83146,21191],{"class":8788},[39,83148,50],{"class":49},[39,83150,3069],{"class":2523},[39,83152,94],{"class":53},[39,83154,8254],{"class":997},[39,83156,1026],{"class":53},[20,83158,458],{},[30,83160,83161],{"className":32,"code":82336,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,83162,83163],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83164,83165],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83166,82336],{"class":45},[20,83168,20383,83169,83171],{},[15,83170,78288],{}," converts each string to lowercase for comparison.",[223,83173,83175],{"id":83174},"use-a-lambda-function","Use a lambda function",[20,83177,83178,83179,145],{},"You can also use a small custom function with ",[15,83180,37272],{},[30,83182,83184],{"className":32,"code":83183,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"bb\", \"cccc\", \"ddd\"]\nprint(max(items, key=lambda text: len(text)))\n",[15,83185,83186,83229],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83187,83188,83190,83192,83194,83196,83198,83200,83202,83204,83207,83209,83211,83213,83216,83218,83220,83222,83225,83227],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83189,7397],{"class":45},[39,83191,50],{"class":49},[39,83193,3249],{"class":53},[39,83195,244],{"class":243},[39,83197,173],{"class":247},[39,83199,244],{"class":243},[39,83201,61],{"class":53},[39,83203,255],{"class":243},[39,83205,83206],{"class":247},"bb",[39,83208,244],{"class":243},[39,83210,61],{"class":53},[39,83212,255],{"class":243},[39,83214,83215],{"class":247},"cccc",[39,83217,244],{"class":243},[39,83219,61],{"class":53},[39,83221,255],{"class":243},[39,83223,83224],{"class":247},"ddd",[39,83226,244],{"class":243},[39,83228,3262],{"class":53},[39,83230,83231,83233,83235,83237,83239,83241,83243,83245,83247,83249,83251,83253,83255,83257,83259],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83232,113],{"class":112},[39,83234,101],{"class":53},[39,83236,82230],{"class":112},[39,83238,101],{"class":53},[39,83240,7426],{"class":97},[39,83242,61],{"class":53},[39,83244,21191],{"class":8788},[39,83246,50],{"class":49},[39,83248,37272],{"class":1689},[39,83250,42449],{"class":37275},[39,83252,145],{"class":53},[39,83254,37997],{"class":112},[39,83256,101],{"class":53},[39,83258,34323],{"class":97},[39,83260,2534],{"class":53},[20,83262,458],{},[30,83264,83266],{"className":32,"code":83265,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"cccc\n",[15,83267,83268],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83269,83270],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83271,83265],{"class":45},[20,83273,49156,83274,796,83276,83278],{},[15,83275,83079],{},[15,83277,78175],{}," are the most useful examples to remember.",[134,83280,36226,83282,36229],{"id":83281},"using-the-default-argument",[15,83283,82526],{},[20,83285,1604,83286,83288],{},[15,83287,82526],{}," argument only works with the iterable form.",[20,83290,83291],{},"It prevents an error when the iterable is empty.",[30,83293,83295],{"className":32,"code":83294,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,83296,83297,83305],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83298,83299,83301,83303],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83300,46],{"class":45},[39,83302,50],{"class":49},[39,83304,7455],{"class":53},[39,83306,83307,83309,83311,83313,83315,83317,83319,83321,83323,83325],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83308,113],{"class":112},[39,83310,101],{"class":53},[39,83312,82230],{"class":112},[39,83314,101],{"class":53},[39,83316,992],{"class":97},[39,83318,61],{"class":53},[39,83320,26135],{"class":8788},[39,83322,50],{"class":49},[39,83324,221],{"class":57},[39,83326,1026],{"class":53},[20,83328,458],{},[30,83330,83331],{"className":32,"code":46857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,83332,83333],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83334,83335],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83336,46857],{"class":57},[20,83338,83339],{},"This is helpful when a list may have no items.",[20,83341,83342,83343,83345],{},"Without ",[15,83344,82526],{},", this would raise an error.",[20,83347,51682],{},[30,83349,83351],{"className":32,"code":83350,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = []\nresult = max(words, default=\"no words found\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,83352,83353,83361,83388],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83354,83355,83357,83359],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83356,1191],{"class":45},[39,83358,50],{"class":49},[39,83360,7455],{"class":53},[39,83362,83363,83365,83367,83369,83371,83373,83375,83377,83379,83381,83384,83386],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83364,86],{"class":45},[39,83366,50],{"class":49},[39,83368,82577],{"class":112},[39,83370,101],{"class":53},[39,83372,1229],{"class":97},[39,83374,61],{"class":53},[39,83376,26135],{"class":8788},[39,83378,50],{"class":49},[39,83380,244],{"class":243},[39,83382,83383],{"class":247},"no words found",[39,83385,244],{"class":243},[39,83387,80],{"class":53},[39,83389,83390,83392,83394,83396],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,83391,113],{"class":112},[39,83393,101],{"class":53},[39,83395,118],{"class":97},[39,83397,80],{"class":53},[20,83399,458],{},[30,83401,83403],{"className":32,"code":83402,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"no words found\n",[15,83404,83405],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83406,83407],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83408,83402],{"class":45},[20,83410,83411],{},"Important:",[147,83413,83414,83422],{},[150,83415,83416,83418,83419],{},[15,83417,82526],{}," works with ",[15,83420,83421],{},"max(iterable, default=value)",[150,83423,40517,83424,83426,83427],{},[3367,83425,4254],{}," work with multiple separate arguments like ",[15,83428,83429],{},"max(1, 2, 3, default=0)",[134,83431,47592],{"id":47591},[20,83433,83434,83435,94],{},"There are a few common errors when using ",[15,83436,82171],{},[223,83438,83440,83442],{"id":83439},"valueerror-with-an-empty-iterable",[15,83441,40315],{}," with an empty iterable",[20,83444,83445,83446,45515,83448,94],{},"If the iterable is empty and you do not provide ",[15,83447,82526],{},[15,83449,40315],{},[30,83451,83453],{"className":32,"code":83452,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers))\n",[15,83454,83455,83463],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83456,83457,83459,83461],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83458,46],{"class":45},[39,83460,50],{"class":49},[39,83462,7455],{"class":53},[39,83464,83465,83467,83469,83471,83473,83475],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83466,113],{"class":112},[39,83468,101],{"class":53},[39,83470,82230],{"class":112},[39,83472,101],{"class":53},[39,83474,992],{"class":97},[39,83476,1026],{"class":53},[20,83478,29293],{},[30,83480,83482],{"className":32,"code":83481,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: max() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,83483,83484],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83485,83486,83488,83490,83492,83494,83497,83499],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83487,40315],{"class":2523},[39,83489,145],{"class":53},[39,83491,82577],{"class":112},[39,83493,6982],{"class":53},[39,83495,83496],{"class":45}," arg ",[39,83498,11805],{"class":49},[39,83500,83501],{"class":45}," an empty sequence\n",[20,83503,83504,83505,145],{},"Fix it by using ",[15,83506,82526],{},[30,83508,83510],{"className":32,"code":83509,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(max(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,83511,83512,83520],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83513,83514,83516,83518],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83515,46],{"class":45},[39,83517,50],{"class":49},[39,83519,7455],{"class":53},[39,83521,83522,83524,83526,83528,83530,83532,83534,83536,83538,83540],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83523,113],{"class":112},[39,83525,101],{"class":53},[39,83527,82230],{"class":112},[39,83529,101],{"class":53},[39,83531,992],{"class":97},[39,83533,61],{"class":53},[39,83535,26135],{"class":8788},[39,83537,50],{"class":49},[39,83539,3403],{"class":3477},[39,83541,1026],{"class":53},[20,83543,83544,83545,94],{},"If you need more help with this kind of problem, see ",[173,83546,65430],{"href":72468},[223,83548,83550,83552],{"id":83549},"typeerror-when-items-cannot-be-compared",[15,83551,2627],{}," when items cannot be compared",[20,83554,83555,83556,94],{},"If Python cannot compare the items, you get a ",[15,83557,2627],{},[30,83559,83561],{"className":32,"code":83560,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [10, \"20\", 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83562,83563,83587],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83564,83565,83567,83569,83571,83573,83575,83577,83579,83581,83583,83585],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83566,7397],{"class":45},[39,83568,50],{"class":49},[39,83570,3249],{"class":53},[39,83572,682],{"class":57},[39,83574,61],{"class":53},[39,83576,255],{"class":243},[39,83578,15366],{"class":247},[39,83580,244],{"class":243},[39,83582,61],{"class":53},[39,83584,697],{"class":57},[39,83586,3262],{"class":53},[39,83588,83589,83591,83593,83595,83597,83599],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83590,113],{"class":112},[39,83592,101],{"class":53},[39,83594,82230],{"class":112},[39,83596,101],{"class":53},[39,83598,7426],{"class":97},[39,83600,1026],{"class":53},[20,83602,83603],{},"This fails because integers and strings are different types and cannot be compared normally.",[20,83605,83606],{},"Fix it by making the items the same type:",[30,83608,83610],{"className":32,"code":83609,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [10, 20, 30]\nprint(max(items))\n",[15,83611,83612,83632],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83613,83614,83616,83618,83620,83622,83624,83626,83628,83630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83615,7397],{"class":45},[39,83617,50],{"class":49},[39,83619,3249],{"class":53},[39,83621,682],{"class":57},[39,83623,61],{"class":53},[39,83625,687],{"class":57},[39,83627,61],{"class":53},[39,83629,697],{"class":57},[39,83631,3262],{"class":53},[39,83633,83634,83636,83638,83640,83642,83644],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83635,113],{"class":112},[39,83637,101],{"class":53},[39,83639,82230],{"class":112},[39,83641,101],{"class":53},[39,83643,7426],{"class":97},[39,83645,1026],{"class":53},[20,83647,83648,83649,94],{},"If you are debugging this kind of issue, see ",[173,83650,83652],{"href":83651},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained","TypeError in Python: causes and fixes",[223,83654,83656,83658],{"id":83655},"typeerror-when-called-with-no-arguments",[15,83657,2627],{}," when called with no arguments",[20,83660,83661,83663],{},[15,83662,82171],{}," needs at least one iterable or at least two values.",[30,83665,83667],{"className":32,"code":83666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(max())\n",[15,83668,83669],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83670,83671,83673,83675,83677],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83672,113],{"class":112},[39,83674,101],{"class":53},[39,83676,82230],{"class":112},[39,83678,6810],{"class":53},[20,83680,2624,83681,94],{},[15,83682,2627],{},[134,83684,83686,10198,83688],{"id":83685},"max-vs-sorted",[15,83687,82171],{},[15,83689,74014],{},[20,83691,83692],{},"These two functions are related, but they do different things.",[20,83694,83695,145],{},[15,83696,82171],{},[147,83698,83699],{},[150,83700,83701],{},"Returns one largest item",[20,83703,83704,145],{},[15,83705,74014],{},[147,83707,83708],{},[150,83709,83710],{},"Returns a new sorted list of all items",[20,83712,515],{},[30,83714,83716],{"className":32,"code":83715,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 8, 2, 5]\n\nprint(max(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,83717,83718,83742,83746,83760],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83719,83720,83722,83724,83726,83728,83730,83732,83734,83736,83738,83740],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83721,46],{"class":45},[39,83723,50],{"class":49},[39,83725,3249],{"class":53},[39,83727,479],{"class":57},[39,83729,61],{"class":53},[39,83731,5975],{"class":57},[39,83733,61],{"class":53},[39,83735,64],{"class":57},[39,83737,61],{"class":53},[39,83739,4228],{"class":57},[39,83741,3262],{"class":53},[39,83743,83744],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83745,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,83747,83748,83750,83752,83754,83756,83758],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,83749,113],{"class":112},[39,83751,101],{"class":53},[39,83753,82230],{"class":112},[39,83755,101],{"class":53},[39,83757,992],{"class":97},[39,83759,1026],{"class":53},[39,83761,83762,83764,83766,83768,83770,83772],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,83763,113],{"class":112},[39,83765,101],{"class":53},[39,83767,74104],{"class":112},[39,83769,101],{"class":53},[39,83771,992],{"class":97},[39,83773,1026],{"class":53},[20,83775,458],{},[30,83777,83779],{"className":32,"code":83778,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"8\n[2, 3, 5, 8]\n",[15,83780,83781,83785],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83782,83783],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83784,2005],{"class":57},[39,83786,83787,83789,83791,83793,83795,83797,83799,83801,83803],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83788,3525],{"class":53},[39,83790,104],{"class":57},[39,83792,61],{"class":53},[39,83794,73],{"class":57},[39,83796,61],{"class":53},[39,83798,4228],{"class":57},[39,83800,61],{"class":53},[39,83802,5975],{"class":57},[39,83804,3262],{"class":53},[20,83806,128,83807,83809],{},[15,83808,82171],{}," when you only need the largest value.",[20,83811,128,83812,83816],{},[173,83813,83814],{"href":74111},[15,83815,74014],{}," when you need all items in order.",[20,83818,83819,83820,94],{},"If you want the smallest item instead, compare this with ",[173,83821,83823],{"href":83822},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained\u002F",[15,83824,83825],{},"min()",[134,83827,944],{"id":943},[20,83829,83830],{},"Beginners often run into these problems:",[147,83832,83833,83840,83843,83848,83851],{},[150,83834,29262,83835,83837,83838],{},[15,83836,82171],{}," on an empty list without ",[15,83839,82526],{},[150,83841,83842],{},"Mixing incompatible types like integers and strings",[150,83844,1030,83845,83847],{},[15,83846,82171],{}," to return all large items instead of one item",[150,83849,83850],{},"Forgetting that strings are compared alphabetically",[150,83852,948,83853,83855],{},[15,83854,82526],{}," with multiple separate arguments",[20,83857,10726],{},[30,83859,83861],{"className":32,"code":83860,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(items)\nprint(type(items))\nprint(len(items))\nprint(max(items))\nprint(max(items, default=None))\nprint([type(x) for x in items])\n",[15,83862,83863,83873,83887,83901,83915,83937],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,83864,83865,83867,83869,83871],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,83866,113],{"class":112},[39,83868,101],{"class":53},[39,83870,7426],{"class":97},[39,83872,80],{"class":53},[39,83874,83875,83877,83879,83881,83883,83885],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,83876,113],{"class":112},[39,83878,101],{"class":53},[39,83880,2845],{"class":2523},[39,83882,101],{"class":53},[39,83884,7426],{"class":97},[39,83886,1026],{"class":53},[39,83888,83889,83891,83893,83895,83897,83899],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,83890,113],{"class":112},[39,83892,101],{"class":53},[39,83894,10775],{"class":112},[39,83896,101],{"class":53},[39,83898,7426],{"class":97},[39,83900,1026],{"class":53},[39,83902,83903,83905,83907,83909,83911,83913],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,83904,113],{"class":112},[39,83906,101],{"class":53},[39,83908,82230],{"class":112},[39,83910,101],{"class":53},[39,83912,7426],{"class":97},[39,83914,1026],{"class":53},[39,83916,83917,83919,83921,83923,83925,83927,83929,83931,83933,83935],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,83918,113],{"class":112},[39,83920,101],{"class":53},[39,83922,82230],{"class":112},[39,83924,101],{"class":53},[39,83926,7426],{"class":97},[39,83928,61],{"class":53},[39,83930,26135],{"class":8788},[39,83932,50],{"class":49},[39,83934,3403],{"class":3477},[39,83936,1026],{"class":53},[39,83938,83939,83941,83943,83945,83947,83949,83951,83953,83955,83957,83959],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,83940,113],{"class":112},[39,83942,2608],{"class":53},[39,83944,2845],{"class":2523},[39,83946,101],{"class":53},[39,83948,1798],{"class":97},[39,83950,121],{"class":53},[39,83952,3502],{"class":572},[39,83954,3505],{"class":97},[39,83956,1128],{"class":572},[39,83958,5582],{"class":97},[39,83960,3513],{"class":53},[20,83962,83963],{},"These are useful for checking:",[147,83965,83966,83971,83976,83979],{},[150,83967,83968,83969],{},"What is actually inside ",[15,83970,7426],{},[150,83972,79341,83973,83975],{},[15,83974,7426],{}," is a list or some other type",[150,83977,83978],{},"Whether the iterable is empty",[150,83980,83981],{},"Whether all items have compatible types",[20,83983,68938,83984,83987,83988,83990],{},[15,83985,83986],{},"print(max(items))"," if ",[15,83989,7426],{}," might be empty or contain mixed types, because that line can also raise an error.",[134,83992,1454],{"id":1453},[223,83994,1458,83996,1461],{"id":83995},"what-does-max-return-in-python",[15,83997,82171],{},[20,83999,84000],{},"It returns the largest item from an iterable or the largest of two or more values.",[223,84002,1487,84004,84006],{"id":84003},"can-max-work-with-strings",[15,84005,82171],{}," work with strings?",[20,84008,84009],{},"Yes. It compares strings using alphabetical order, based on character values.",[223,84011,71236],{"id":71235},[20,84013,84014,52097,84016,84018,84019,84021],{},[15,84015,82171],{},[15,84017,40315],{}," unless you use the ",[15,84020,82526],{}," argument with the iterable form.",[223,84023,84025,84026,929],{"id":84024},"how-do-i-get-the-longest-string-with-max","How do I get the longest string with ",[15,84027,82171],{},[20,84029,128,84030,145],{},[15,84031,83079],{},[30,84033,84034],{"className":32,"code":83007,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,84035,84036,84068],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84037,84038,84040,84042,84044,84046,84048,84050,84052,84054,84056,84058,84060,84062,84064,84066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84039,1191],{"class":45},[39,84041,50],{"class":49},[39,84043,3249],{"class":53},[39,84045,244],{"class":243},[39,84047,839],{"class":247},[39,84049,244],{"class":243},[39,84051,61],{"class":53},[39,84053,255],{"class":243},[39,84055,67917],{"class":247},[39,84057,244],{"class":243},[39,84059,61],{"class":53},[39,84061,255],{"class":243},[39,84063,57723],{"class":247},[39,84065,244],{"class":243},[39,84067,3262],{"class":53},[39,84069,84070,84072,84074,84076,84078,84080,84082,84084,84086,84088],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84071,113],{"class":112},[39,84073,101],{"class":53},[39,84075,82230],{"class":112},[39,84077,101],{"class":53},[39,84079,1229],{"class":97},[39,84081,61],{"class":53},[39,84083,21191],{"class":8788},[39,84085,50],{"class":49},[39,84087,10775],{"class":112},[39,84089,1026],{"class":53},[223,84091,1497,84093,796,84095,929],{"id":84092},"what-is-the-difference-between-max-and-sorted",[15,84094,82171],{},[15,84096,74014],{},[20,84098,84099,84101,84102,84104],{},[15,84100,82171],{}," returns one largest item. ",[15,84103,74014],{}," returns all items in order.",[134,84106,1514],{"id":1513},[147,84108,84109,84115,84121,84127,84131,84135],{},[150,84110,84111],{},[173,84112,84113,3135],{"href":83822},[15,84114,83825],{},[150,84116,84117],{},[173,84118,84119,3135],{"href":74111},[15,84120,74014],{},[150,84122,84123],{},[173,84124,84125,3135],{"href":41966},[15,84126,1542],{},[150,84128,84129],{},[173,84130,1548],{"href":1547},[150,84132,84133],{},[173,84134,65430],{"href":72468},[150,84136,84137],{},[173,84138,83652],{"href":83651},[1550,84140,84141],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":84143},[84144,84145,84147,84148,84150,84152,84154,84159,84161,84169,84171,84172,84183],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":82361,"depth":83,"text":84146},"What max() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":82530,"depth":83,"text":84149},"Using max() with a list of numbers",{"id":82700,"depth":83,"text":84151},"Using max() with separate values",{"id":82835,"depth":83,"text":84153},"Using max() with strings",{"id":78292,"depth":83,"text":79490,"children":84155},[84156,84157,84158],{"id":83003,"depth":109,"text":83004},{"id":83092,"depth":109,"text":83093},{"id":83174,"depth":109,"text":83175},{"id":83281,"depth":83,"text":84160},"Using the default argument",{"id":47591,"depth":83,"text":47592,"children":84162},[84163,84165,84167],{"id":83439,"depth":109,"text":84164},"ValueError with an empty iterable",{"id":83549,"depth":109,"text":84166},"TypeError when items cannot be compared",{"id":83655,"depth":109,"text":84168},"TypeError when called with no arguments",{"id":83685,"depth":83,"text":84170},"max() vs sorted()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":84173},[84174,84176,84178,84179,84181],{"id":83995,"depth":109,"text":84175},"What does max() return in Python?",{"id":84003,"depth":109,"text":84177},"Can max() work with strings?",{"id":71235,"depth":109,"text":71236},{"id":84024,"depth":109,"text":84180},"How do I get the longest string with max()?",{"id":84092,"depth":109,"text":84182},"What is the difference between max() and sorted()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python max function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained",{"title":82163,"description":84184},"reference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained","hvpxLEK57awlwmwmUnkeI93490TdK4SLeAU63KWEzvc",{"id":84191,"title":84192,"body":84193,"description":86147,"extension":1587,"meta":86148,"navigation":420,"path":86149,"seo":86150,"stem":86151,"__hash__":86152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained.md","Python min() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":84194,"toc":86104},[84195,84200,84205,84211,84213,84287,84289,84302,84307,84312,84328,84332,84337,84413,84419,84422,84465,84467,84475,84481,84484,84515,84517,84525,84531,84536,84595,84597,84606,84609,84619,84625,84630,84665,84667,84675,84681,84687,84692,84736,84738,84747,84750,84790,84792,84801,84804,84816,84821,84826,84877,84879,84888,84891,84942,84944,84953,84956,84963,84969,84974,84976,84991,84995,85055,85057,85066,85070,85242,85244,85281,85288,85294,85297,85324,85326,85347,85352,85387,85389,85397,85400,85403,85419,85424,85426,85430,85436,85440,85467,85470,85480,85520,85524,85527,85570,85572,85581,85584,85589,85658,85660,85668,85673,85677,85680,85731,85733,85741,85744,85807,85809,85817,85820,85825,85829,85842,85849,85857,85859,85861,85891,85897,85998,86008,86010,86015,86018,86023,86026,86028,86036,86044,86052,86059,86067,86069,86101],[10,84196,3202,84198,3206],{"id":84197},"python-min-function-explained",[15,84199,83825],{},[20,84201,84202,84204],{},[15,84203,83825],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns the smallest item. You can use it with a single iterable, like a list or tuple, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[20,84206,84207,84208,84210],{},"This page explains what ",[15,84209,83825],{}," does, its main syntax forms, and the common mistakes beginners make when using it.",[134,84212,1629],{"id":1628},[30,84214,84216],{"className":32,"code":84215,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 2, 9, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n\nprint(min(5, 2, 9, 1))\n",[15,84217,84218,84242,84257,84261],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84219,84220,84222,84224,84226,84228,84230,84232,84234,84236,84238,84240],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84221,46],{"class":45},[39,84223,50],{"class":49},[39,84225,3249],{"class":53},[39,84227,1376],{"class":57},[39,84229,61],{"class":53},[39,84231,64],{"class":57},[39,84233,61],{"class":53},[39,84235,1343],{"class":57},[39,84237,61],{"class":53},[39,84239,595],{"class":57},[39,84241,3262],{"class":53},[39,84243,84244,84246,84248,84251,84253,84255],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84245,113],{"class":112},[39,84247,101],{"class":53},[39,84249,84250],{"class":112},"min",[39,84252,101],{"class":53},[39,84254,992],{"class":97},[39,84256,1026],{"class":53},[39,84258,84259],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,84260,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,84262,84263,84265,84267,84269,84271,84273,84275,84277,84279,84281,84283,84285],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,84264,113],{"class":112},[39,84266,101],{"class":53},[39,84268,84250],{"class":112},[39,84270,101],{"class":53},[39,84272,1376],{"class":57},[39,84274,61],{"class":53},[39,84276,64],{"class":57},[39,84278,61],{"class":53},[39,84280,1343],{"class":57},[39,84282,61],{"class":53},[39,84284,595],{"class":57},[39,84286,1026],{"class":53},[20,84288,458],{},[30,84290,84292],{"className":32,"code":84291,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1\n1\n",[15,84293,84294,84298],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84295,84296],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84297,46522],{"class":57},[39,84299,84300],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84301,46522],{"class":57},[20,84303,128,84304,84306],{},[15,84305,83825],{}," with one iterable like a list, or with multiple values separated by commas.",[134,84308,137,84310,140],{"id":84309},"what-min-does",[15,84311,83825],{},[147,84313,84314,84319,84322,84325],{},[150,84315,84316,84318],{},[15,84317,83825],{}," returns the smallest item",[150,84320,84321],{},"It can compare numbers, strings, and other comparable values",[150,84323,84324],{},"It is a built-in Python function",[150,84326,84327],{},"This page explains the function itself, not task-based use cases",[134,84329,84331],{"id":84330},"main-syntax-forms","Main syntax forms",[20,84333,84334,84335,145],{},"Here are the main ways to use ",[15,84336,83825],{},[30,84338,84340],{"className":32,"code":84339,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"min(iterable)\nmin(value1, value2, value3, ...)\nmin(iterable, key=...)\nmin(iterable, default=...)\n",[15,84341,84342,84352,84377,84395],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84343,84344,84346,84348,84350],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84345,84250],{"class":112},[39,84347,101],{"class":53},[39,84349,3344],{"class":97},[39,84351,80],{"class":53},[39,84353,84354,84356,84358,84361,84363,84366,84368,84371,84373,84375],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84355,84250],{"class":112},[39,84357,101],{"class":53},[39,84359,84360],{"class":97},"value1",[39,84362,61],{"class":53},[39,84364,84365],{"class":97}," value2",[39,84367,61],{"class":53},[39,84369,84370],{"class":97}," value3",[39,84372,61],{"class":53},[39,84374,34068],{"class":112},[39,84376,80],{"class":53},[39,84378,84379,84381,84383,84385,84387,84389,84391,84393],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,84380,84250],{"class":112},[39,84382,101],{"class":53},[39,84384,3344],{"class":97},[39,84386,61],{"class":53},[39,84388,21191],{"class":8788},[39,84390,50],{"class":49},[39,84392,36983],{"class":112},[39,84394,80],{"class":53},[39,84396,84397,84399,84401,84403,84405,84407,84409,84411],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,84398,84250],{"class":112},[39,84400,101],{"class":53},[39,84402,3344],{"class":97},[39,84404,61],{"class":53},[39,84406,26135],{"class":8788},[39,84408,50],{"class":49},[39,84410,36983],{"class":112},[39,84412,80],{"class":53},[223,84414,84416],{"id":84415},"miniterable",[15,84417,84418],{},"min(iterable)",[20,84420,84421],{},"Use this form when you have one collection of values.",[30,84423,84425],{"className":32,"code":84424,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [8, 3, 12, 1]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,84426,84427,84451],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84428,84429,84431,84433,84435,84437,84439,84441,84443,84445,84447,84449],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84430,46],{"class":45},[39,84432,50],{"class":49},[39,84434,3249],{"class":53},[39,84436,1969],{"class":57},[39,84438,61],{"class":53},[39,84440,73],{"class":57},[39,84442,61],{"class":53},[39,84444,30556],{"class":57},[39,84446,61],{"class":53},[39,84448,595],{"class":57},[39,84450,3262],{"class":53},[39,84452,84453,84455,84457,84459,84461,84463],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84454,113],{"class":112},[39,84456,101],{"class":53},[39,84458,84250],{"class":112},[39,84460,101],{"class":53},[39,84462,992],{"class":97},[39,84464,1026],{"class":53},[20,84466,458],{},[30,84468,84469],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,84470,84471],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84472,84473],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84474,46522],{"class":57},[223,84476,84478],{"id":84477},"minvalue1-value2-value3",[15,84479,84480],{},"min(value1, value2, value3, ...)",[20,84482,84483],{},"Use this form when you want to compare separate values directly.",[30,84485,84487],{"className":32,"code":84486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(min(8, 3, 12, 1))\n",[15,84488,84489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84490,84491,84493,84495,84497,84499,84501,84503,84505,84507,84509,84511,84513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84492,113],{"class":112},[39,84494,101],{"class":53},[39,84496,84250],{"class":112},[39,84498,101],{"class":53},[39,84500,1969],{"class":57},[39,84502,61],{"class":53},[39,84504,73],{"class":57},[39,84506,61],{"class":53},[39,84508,30556],{"class":57},[39,84510,61],{"class":53},[39,84512,595],{"class":57},[39,84514,1026],{"class":53},[20,84516,458],{},[30,84518,84519],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,84520,84521],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84522,84523],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84524,46522],{"class":57},[223,84526,84528],{"id":84527},"miniterable-key",[15,84529,84530],{},"min(iterable, key=...)",[20,84532,128,84533,84535],{},[15,84534,14452],{}," when you want Python to compare items using a custom rule.",[30,84537,84539],{"className":32,"code":84538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"pear\", \"kiwi\", \"banana\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84540,84541,84573],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84542,84543,84545,84547,84549,84551,84553,84555,84557,84559,84561,84563,84565,84567,84569,84571],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84544,1191],{"class":45},[39,84546,50],{"class":49},[39,84548,3249],{"class":53},[39,84550,244],{"class":243},[39,84552,78334],{"class":247},[39,84554,244],{"class":243},[39,84556,61],{"class":53},[39,84558,255],{"class":243},[39,84560,37952],{"class":247},[39,84562,244],{"class":243},[39,84564,61],{"class":53},[39,84566,255],{"class":243},[39,84568,386],{"class":247},[39,84570,244],{"class":243},[39,84572,3262],{"class":53},[39,84574,84575,84577,84579,84581,84583,84585,84587,84589,84591,84593],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84576,113],{"class":112},[39,84578,101],{"class":53},[39,84580,84250],{"class":112},[39,84582,101],{"class":53},[39,84584,1229],{"class":97},[39,84586,61],{"class":53},[39,84588,21191],{"class":8788},[39,84590,50],{"class":49},[39,84592,10775],{"class":112},[39,84594,1026],{"class":53},[20,84596,458],{},[30,84598,84600],{"className":32,"code":84599,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"kiwi\n",[15,84601,84602],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84603,84604],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84605,84599],{"class":45},[20,84607,84608],{},"Python compares the lengths of the strings, but it returns the original item, not the length.",[20,84610,84611,84612,84614,84615,94],{},"If you are not familiar with ",[15,84613,1542],{},", see the ",[173,84616,84617,3135],{"href":41966},[15,84618,1542],{},[223,84620,84622],{"id":84621},"miniterable-default",[15,84623,84624],{},"min(iterable, default=...)",[20,84626,128,84627,84629],{},[15,84628,82526],{}," when the iterable might be empty.",[30,84631,84633],{"className":32,"code":84632,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=0))\n",[15,84634,84635,84643],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84636,84637,84639,84641],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84638,46],{"class":45},[39,84640,50],{"class":49},[39,84642,7455],{"class":53},[39,84644,84645,84647,84649,84651,84653,84655,84657,84659,84661,84663],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84646,113],{"class":112},[39,84648,101],{"class":53},[39,84650,84250],{"class":112},[39,84652,101],{"class":53},[39,84654,992],{"class":97},[39,84656,61],{"class":53},[39,84658,26135],{"class":8788},[39,84660,50],{"class":49},[39,84662,221],{"class":57},[39,84664,1026],{"class":53},[20,84666,458],{},[30,84668,84669],{"className":32,"code":46857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,84670,84671],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84672,84673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84674,46857],{"class":57},[20,84676,84677,84678,84680],{},"This avoids a ",[15,84679,40315],{}," when there is no item to return.",[134,84682,948,84684,84686],{"id":84683},"using-min-with-numbers",[15,84685,83825],{}," with numbers",[20,84688,84689,84691],{},[15,84690,83825],{}," works with integers and floats. It returns the lowest numeric value.",[30,84693,84695],{"className":32,"code":84694,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"scores = [88, 72, 95, 60]\nprint(min(scores))\n",[15,84696,84697,84722],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84698,84699,84701,84703,84705,84707,84709,84712,84714,84716,84718,84720],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84700,675],{"class":45},[39,84702,50],{"class":49},[39,84704,3249],{"class":53},[39,84706,51107],{"class":57},[39,84708,61],{"class":53},[39,84710,84711],{"class":57}," 72",[39,84713,61],{"class":53},[39,84715,28518],{"class":57},[39,84717,61],{"class":53},[39,84719,75690],{"class":57},[39,84721,3262],{"class":53},[39,84723,84724,84726,84728,84730,84732,84734],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84725,113],{"class":112},[39,84727,101],{"class":53},[39,84729,84250],{"class":112},[39,84731,101],{"class":53},[39,84733,16001],{"class":97},[39,84735,1026],{"class":53},[20,84737,458],{},[30,84739,84741],{"className":32,"code":84740,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"60\n",[15,84742,84743],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84744,84745],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84746,84740],{"class":57},[20,84748,84749],{},"It also works with decimal values:",[30,84751,84753],{"className":32,"code":84752,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"prices = [19.99, 5.49, 12.75]\nprint(min(prices))\n",[15,84754,84755,84776],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84756,84757,84759,84761,84763,84765,84767,84770,84772,84774],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84758,82638],{"class":45},[39,84760,50],{"class":49},[39,84762,3249],{"class":53},[39,84764,40009],{"class":57},[39,84766,61],{"class":53},[39,84768,84769],{"class":57}," 5.49",[39,84771,61],{"class":53},[39,84773,82654],{"class":57},[39,84775,3262],{"class":53},[39,84777,84778,84780,84782,84784,84786,84788],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84779,113],{"class":112},[39,84781,101],{"class":53},[39,84783,84250],{"class":112},[39,84785,101],{"class":53},[39,84787,82674],{"class":97},[39,84789,1026],{"class":53},[20,84791,458],{},[30,84793,84795],{"className":32,"code":84794,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5.49\n",[15,84796,84797],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84798,84799],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84800,84794],{"class":57},[20,84802,84803],{},"This is useful for things like:",[147,84805,84806,84808,84810,84813],{},[150,84807,16001],{},[150,84809,82674],{},[150,84811,84812],{},"measurements",[150,84814,84815],{},"ages",[134,84817,948,84819,46664],{"id":84818},"using-min-with-strings",[15,84820,83825],{},[20,84822,84823,84825],{},[15,84824,83825],{}," can also compare strings. It uses character order, which is similar to alphabetical order.",[30,84827,84829],{"className":32,"code":84828,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84830,84831,84863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84832,84833,84835,84837,84839,84841,84843,84845,84847,84849,84851,84853,84855,84857,84859,84861],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84834,1191],{"class":45},[39,84836,50],{"class":49},[39,84838,3249],{"class":53},[39,84840,244],{"class":243},[39,84842,386],{"class":247},[39,84844,244],{"class":243},[39,84846,61],{"class":53},[39,84848,255],{"class":243},[39,84850,377],{"class":247},[39,84852,244],{"class":243},[39,84854,61],{"class":53},[39,84856,255],{"class":243},[39,84858,3720],{"class":247},[39,84860,244],{"class":243},[39,84862,3262],{"class":53},[39,84864,84865,84867,84869,84871,84873,84875],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84866,113],{"class":112},[39,84868,101],{"class":53},[39,84870,84250],{"class":112},[39,84872,101],{"class":53},[39,84874,1229],{"class":97},[39,84876,1026],{"class":53},[20,84878,458],{},[30,84880,84882],{"className":32,"code":84881,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"apple\n",[15,84883,84884],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84885,84886],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84887,84881],{"class":45},[20,84889,84890],{},"Be careful with uppercase and lowercase letters. They are not treated the same.",[30,84892,84894],{"className":32,"code":84893,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"banana\", \"Apple\", \"cherry\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,84895,84896,84928],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84897,84898,84900,84902,84904,84906,84908,84910,84912,84914,84916,84918,84920,84922,84924,84926],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84899,1191],{"class":45},[39,84901,50],{"class":49},[39,84903,3249],{"class":53},[39,84905,244],{"class":243},[39,84907,386],{"class":247},[39,84909,244],{"class":243},[39,84911,61],{"class":53},[39,84913,255],{"class":243},[39,84915,57365],{"class":247},[39,84917,244],{"class":243},[39,84919,61],{"class":53},[39,84921,255],{"class":243},[39,84923,3720],{"class":247},[39,84925,244],{"class":243},[39,84927,3262],{"class":53},[39,84929,84930,84932,84934,84936,84938,84940],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,84931,113],{"class":112},[39,84933,101],{"class":53},[39,84935,84250],{"class":112},[39,84937,101],{"class":53},[39,84939,1229],{"class":97},[39,84941,1026],{"class":53},[20,84943,458],{},[30,84945,84947],{"className":32,"code":84946,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Apple\n",[15,84948,84949],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,84950,84951],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,84952,84946],{"class":45},[20,84954,84955],{},"This may look surprising at first. Python compares characters by their internal order, so mixed letter case can change the result.",[20,84957,84958,84959,94],{},"If you need all items in order instead of just the smallest one, see ",[173,84960,84961,5399],{"href":74111},[15,84962,74014],{},[134,84964,948,84966,84968],{"id":84965},"using-min-with-a-key-function",[15,84967,83825],{}," with a key function",[20,84970,1604,84971,84973],{},[15,84972,14452],{}," argument changes how items are compared.",[20,84975,11071],{},[147,84977,84978,84983,84988],{},[150,84979,84980,84982],{},[15,84981,14452],{}," changes the comparison rule",[150,84984,84985,84987],{},[15,84986,83825],{}," still returns the original item",[150,84989,84990],{},"This is useful for custom comparisons",[223,84992,84994],{"id":84993},"find-the-shortest-string","Find the shortest string",[30,84996,84998],{"className":32,"code":84997,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"elephant\", \"cat\", \"giraffe\"]\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,84999,85000,85033],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85001,85002,85004,85006,85008,85010,85012,85014,85016,85018,85020,85022,85024,85026,85029,85031],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85003,1191],{"class":45},[39,85005,50],{"class":49},[39,85007,3249],{"class":53},[39,85009,244],{"class":243},[39,85011,67917],{"class":247},[39,85013,244],{"class":243},[39,85015,61],{"class":53},[39,85017,255],{"class":243},[39,85019,839],{"class":247},[39,85021,244],{"class":243},[39,85023,61],{"class":53},[39,85025,255],{"class":243},[39,85027,85028],{"class":247},"giraffe",[39,85030,244],{"class":243},[39,85032,3262],{"class":53},[39,85034,85035,85037,85039,85041,85043,85045,85047,85049,85051,85053],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85036,113],{"class":112},[39,85038,101],{"class":53},[39,85040,84250],{"class":112},[39,85042,101],{"class":53},[39,85044,1229],{"class":97},[39,85046,61],{"class":53},[39,85048,21191],{"class":8788},[39,85050,50],{"class":49},[39,85052,10775],{"class":112},[39,85054,1026],{"class":53},[20,85056,458],{},[30,85058,85060],{"className":32,"code":85059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"cat\n",[15,85061,85062],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85063,85064],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85065,85059],{"class":45},[223,85067,85069],{"id":85068},"find-the-dictionary-with-the-smallest-value","Find the dictionary with the smallest value",[30,85071,85073],{"className":32,"code":85072,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"students = [\n    {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"score\": 85},\n    {\"name\": \"Ben\", \"score\": 72},\n    {\"name\": \"Cara\", \"score\": 90}\n]\n\nlowest = min(students, key=lambda student: student[\"score\"])\nprint(lowest)\n",[15,85074,85075,85085,85120,85152,85184,85188,85192,85231],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85076,85077,85080,85082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85078,85079],{"class":45},"students ",[39,85081,50],{"class":49},[39,85083,85084],{"class":53}," [\n",[39,85086,85087,85090,85092,85094,85096,85098,85100,85102,85104,85106,85108,85111,85113,85115,85117],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85088,85089],{"class":53},"    {",[39,85091,244],{"class":243},[39,85093,7285],{"class":247},[39,85095,244],{"class":243},[39,85097,145],{"class":53},[39,85099,255],{"class":243},[39,85101,12492],{"class":247},[39,85103,244],{"class":243},[39,85105,61],{"class":53},[39,85107,255],{"class":243},[39,85109,85110],{"class":247},"score",[39,85112,244],{"class":243},[39,85114,145],{"class":53},[39,85116,13117],{"class":57},[39,85118,85119],{"class":53},"},\n",[39,85121,85122,85124,85126,85128,85130,85132,85134,85136,85138,85140,85142,85144,85146,85148,85150],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,85123,85089],{"class":53},[39,85125,244],{"class":243},[39,85127,7285],{"class":247},[39,85129,244],{"class":243},[39,85131,145],{"class":53},[39,85133,255],{"class":243},[39,85135,35555],{"class":247},[39,85137,244],{"class":243},[39,85139,61],{"class":53},[39,85141,255],{"class":243},[39,85143,85110],{"class":247},[39,85145,244],{"class":243},[39,85147,145],{"class":53},[39,85149,84711],{"class":57},[39,85151,85119],{"class":53},[39,85153,85154,85156,85158,85160,85162,85164,85166,85168,85170,85172,85174,85176,85178,85180,85182],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,85155,85089],{"class":53},[39,85157,244],{"class":243},[39,85159,7285],{"class":247},[39,85161,244],{"class":243},[39,85163,145],{"class":53},[39,85165,255],{"class":243},[39,85167,35564],{"class":247},[39,85169,244],{"class":243},[39,85171,61],{"class":53},[39,85173,255],{"class":243},[39,85175,85110],{"class":247},[39,85177,244],{"class":243},[39,85179,145],{"class":53},[39,85181,19511],{"class":57},[39,85183,8921],{"class":53},[39,85185,85186],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,85187,3262],{"class":53},[39,85189,85190],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,85191,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,85193,85194,85197,85199,85202,85204,85207,85209,85211,85213,85215,85217,85219,85221,85223,85225,85227,85229],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,85195,85196],{"class":45},"lowest ",[39,85198,50],{"class":49},[39,85200,85201],{"class":112}," min",[39,85203,101],{"class":53},[39,85205,85206],{"class":97},"students",[39,85208,61],{"class":53},[39,85210,21191],{"class":8788},[39,85212,50],{"class":49},[39,85214,37272],{"class":1689},[39,85216,12518],{"class":37275},[39,85218,145],{"class":53},[39,85220,12518],{"class":97},[39,85222,3525],{"class":53},[39,85224,244],{"class":243},[39,85226,85110],{"class":247},[39,85228,244],{"class":243},[39,85230,3513],{"class":53},[39,85232,85233,85235,85237,85240],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,85234,113],{"class":112},[39,85236,101],{"class":53},[39,85238,85239],{"class":97},"lowest",[39,85241,80],{"class":53},[20,85243,458],{},[30,85245,85247],{"className":32,"code":85246,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ben', 'score': 72}\n",[15,85248,85249],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85250,85251,85253,85255,85257,85259,85261,85263,85265,85267,85269,85271,85273,85275,85277,85279],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85252,8890],{"class":53},[39,85254,629],{"class":243},[39,85256,7285],{"class":247},[39,85258,629],{"class":243},[39,85260,145],{"class":53},[39,85262,2920],{"class":243},[39,85264,35555],{"class":247},[39,85266,629],{"class":243},[39,85268,61],{"class":53},[39,85270,2920],{"class":243},[39,85272,85110],{"class":247},[39,85274,629],{"class":243},[39,85276,145],{"class":53},[39,85278,84711],{"class":57},[39,85280,8921],{"class":53},[20,85282,85283,85284,85287],{},"Here, Python compares the ",[15,85285,85286],{},"\"score\""," values, but it returns the full dictionary.",[134,85289,948,85291,85293],{"id":85290},"using-default-with-empty-iterables",[15,85292,82526],{}," with empty iterables",[20,85295,85296],{},"An empty iterable has no smallest item, so this causes an error:",[30,85298,85300],{"className":32,"code":85299,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85301,85302,85310],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85303,85304,85306,85308],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85305,46],{"class":45},[39,85307,50],{"class":49},[39,85309,7455],{"class":53},[39,85311,85312,85314,85316,85318,85320,85322],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85313,113],{"class":112},[39,85315,101],{"class":53},[39,85317,84250],{"class":112},[39,85319,101],{"class":53},[39,85321,992],{"class":97},[39,85323,1026],{"class":53},[20,85325,458],{},[30,85327,85329],{"className":32,"code":85328,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: min() arg is an empty sequence\n",[15,85330,85331],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85332,85333,85335,85337,85339,85341,85343,85345],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85334,40315],{"class":2523},[39,85336,145],{"class":53},[39,85338,85201],{"class":112},[39,85340,6982],{"class":53},[39,85342,83496],{"class":45},[39,85344,11805],{"class":49},[39,85346,83501],{"class":45},[20,85348,85349,85350,145],{},"To avoid that, use ",[15,85351,82526],{},[30,85353,85355],{"className":32,"code":85354,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = []\nprint(min(numbers, default=None))\n",[15,85356,85357,85365],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85358,85359,85361,85363],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85360,46],{"class":45},[39,85362,50],{"class":49},[39,85364,7455],{"class":53},[39,85366,85367,85369,85371,85373,85375,85377,85379,85381,85383,85385],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85368,113],{"class":112},[39,85370,101],{"class":53},[39,85372,84250],{"class":112},[39,85374,101],{"class":53},[39,85376,992],{"class":97},[39,85378,61],{"class":53},[39,85380,26135],{"class":8788},[39,85382,50],{"class":49},[39,85384,3403],{"class":3477},[39,85386,1026],{"class":53},[20,85388,458],{},[30,85390,85391],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,85392,85393],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85394,85395],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85396,11420],{"class":3477},[20,85398,85399],{},"This is helpful when your list may be empty and you want a safe fallback value.",[20,85401,85402],{},"Remember:",[147,85404,85405,85413],{},[150,85406,85407,85409,85410,85412],{},[15,85408,82526],{}," works only when ",[15,85411,83825],{}," gets one iterable argument",[150,85414,85415,85416],{},"It does not work with ",[15,85417,85418],{},"min(3, 5, default=0)",[20,85420,85421,85422,94],{},"If you want help with this error, see ",[173,85423,65430],{"href":72468},[134,85425,10357],{"id":10356},[20,85427,56377,85428,94],{},[15,85429,83825],{},[223,85431,85433,85434],{"id":85432},"empty-list-without-default","Empty list without ",[15,85435,82526],{},[20,85437,2624,85438,145],{},[15,85439,40315],{},[30,85441,85443],{"className":32,"code":85442,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nprint(min(items))\n",[15,85444,85445,85453],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85446,85447,85449,85451],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85448,7397],{"class":45},[39,85450,50],{"class":49},[39,85452,7455],{"class":53},[39,85454,85455,85457,85459,85461,85463,85465],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85456,113],{"class":112},[39,85458,101],{"class":53},[39,85460,84250],{"class":112},[39,85462,101],{"class":53},[39,85464,7426],{"class":97},[39,85466,1026],{"class":53},[20,85468,85469],{},"Fix it by:",[147,85471,85472,85475],{},[150,85473,85474],{},"checking that the iterable is not empty first",[150,85476,85477,85478],{},"or using ",[15,85479,82526],{},[30,85481,85483],{"className":32,"code":85482,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = []\nprint(min(items, default=\"no items\"))\n",[15,85484,85485,85493],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85486,85487,85489,85491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85488,7397],{"class":45},[39,85490,50],{"class":49},[39,85492,7455],{"class":53},[39,85494,85495,85497,85499,85501,85503,85505,85507,85509,85511,85513,85516,85518],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85496,113],{"class":112},[39,85498,101],{"class":53},[39,85500,84250],{"class":112},[39,85502,101],{"class":53},[39,85504,7426],{"class":97},[39,85506,61],{"class":53},[39,85508,26135],{"class":8788},[39,85510,50],{"class":49},[39,85512,244],{"class":243},[39,85514,85515],{"class":247},"no items",[39,85517,244],{"class":243},[39,85519,1026],{"class":53},[223,85521,85523],{"id":85522},"mixed-types","Mixed types",[20,85525,85526],{},"In Python 3, values must usually be comparable to each other. This often fails:",[30,85528,85530],{"className":32,"code":85529,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nprint(min(data))\n",[15,85531,85532,85556],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85533,85534,85536,85538,85540,85542,85544,85546,85548,85550,85552,85554],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85535,8778],{"class":45},[39,85537,50],{"class":49},[39,85539,3249],{"class":53},[39,85541,682],{"class":57},[39,85543,61],{"class":53},[39,85545,255],{"class":243},[39,85547,15366],{"class":247},[39,85549,244],{"class":243},[39,85551,61],{"class":53},[39,85553,4228],{"class":57},[39,85555,3262],{"class":53},[39,85557,85558,85560,85562,85564,85566,85568],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85559,113],{"class":112},[39,85561,101],{"class":53},[39,85563,84250],{"class":112},[39,85565,101],{"class":53},[39,85567,8817],{"class":97},[39,85569,1026],{"class":53},[20,85571,458],{},[30,85573,85575],{"className":32,"code":85574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError\n",[15,85576,85577],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85578,85579],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85580,85574],{"class":2523},[20,85582,85583],{},"That happens because Python cannot directly compare integers and strings here.",[20,85585,85586,85587,94],{},"A simple fix is to convert everything to the same type before calling ",[15,85588,83825],{},[30,85590,85592],{"className":32,"code":85591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = [10, \"20\", 5]\nnumbers = [int(x) for x in data]\nprint(min(numbers))\n",[15,85593,85594,85618,85644],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85595,85596,85598,85600,85602,85604,85606,85608,85610,85612,85614,85616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85597,8778],{"class":45},[39,85599,50],{"class":49},[39,85601,3249],{"class":53},[39,85603,682],{"class":57},[39,85605,61],{"class":53},[39,85607,255],{"class":243},[39,85609,15366],{"class":247},[39,85611,244],{"class":243},[39,85613,61],{"class":53},[39,85615,4228],{"class":57},[39,85617,3262],{"class":53},[39,85619,85620,85622,85624,85626,85628,85630,85632,85634,85636,85638,85640,85642],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85621,46],{"class":45},[39,85623,50],{"class":49},[39,85625,3249],{"class":53},[39,85627,1813],{"class":2523},[39,85629,101],{"class":53},[39,85631,1798],{"class":97},[39,85633,121],{"class":53},[39,85635,3502],{"class":572},[39,85637,3505],{"class":45},[39,85639,1128],{"class":572},[39,85641,14177],{"class":45},[39,85643,3262],{"class":53},[39,85645,85646,85648,85650,85652,85654,85656],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,85647,113],{"class":112},[39,85649,101],{"class":53},[39,85651,84250],{"class":112},[39,85653,101],{"class":53},[39,85655,992],{"class":97},[39,85657,1026],{"class":53},[20,85659,458],{},[30,85661,85662],{"className":32,"code":2569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,85663,85664],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85665,85666],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85667,2569],{"class":57},[20,85669,85670,85671,94],{},"For more help with type-related problems, see this guide to ",[15,85672,2627],{},[223,85674,85676],{"id":85675},"string-comparisons-may-not-match-your-expectation","String comparisons may not match your expectation",[20,85678,85679],{},"If strings have mixed uppercase and lowercase letters, the result may not match normal dictionary order.",[30,85681,85683],{"className":32,"code":85682,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words))\n",[15,85684,85685,85717],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85686,85687,85689,85691,85693,85695,85697,85699,85701,85703,85705,85707,85709,85711,85713,85715],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85688,1191],{"class":45},[39,85690,50],{"class":49},[39,85692,3249],{"class":53},[39,85694,244],{"class":243},[39,85696,79150],{"class":247},[39,85698,244],{"class":243},[39,85700,61],{"class":53},[39,85702,255],{"class":243},[39,85704,57365],{"class":247},[39,85706,244],{"class":243},[39,85708,61],{"class":53},[39,85710,255],{"class":243},[39,85712,79167],{"class":247},[39,85714,244],{"class":243},[39,85716,3262],{"class":53},[39,85718,85719,85721,85723,85725,85727,85729],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85720,113],{"class":112},[39,85722,101],{"class":53},[39,85724,84250],{"class":112},[39,85726,101],{"class":53},[39,85728,1229],{"class":97},[39,85730,1026],{"class":53},[20,85732,458],{},[30,85734,85735],{"className":32,"code":84946,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,85736,85737],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85738,85739],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85740,84946],{"class":45},[20,85742,85743],{},"If needed, compare them in lowercase:",[30,85745,85747],{"className":32,"code":85746,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"zebra\", \"Apple\", \"monkey\"]\nprint(min(words, key=str.lower))\n",[15,85748,85749,85781],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85750,85751,85753,85755,85757,85759,85761,85763,85765,85767,85769,85771,85773,85775,85777,85779],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85752,1191],{"class":45},[39,85754,50],{"class":49},[39,85756,3249],{"class":53},[39,85758,244],{"class":243},[39,85760,79150],{"class":247},[39,85762,244],{"class":243},[39,85764,61],{"class":53},[39,85766,255],{"class":243},[39,85768,57365],{"class":247},[39,85770,244],{"class":243},[39,85772,61],{"class":53},[39,85774,255],{"class":243},[39,85776,79167],{"class":247},[39,85778,244],{"class":243},[39,85780,3262],{"class":53},[39,85782,85783,85785,85787,85789,85791,85793,85795,85797,85799,85801,85803,85805],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85784,113],{"class":112},[39,85786,101],{"class":53},[39,85788,84250],{"class":112},[39,85790,101],{"class":53},[39,85792,1229],{"class":97},[39,85794,61],{"class":53},[39,85796,21191],{"class":8788},[39,85798,50],{"class":49},[39,85800,3069],{"class":2523},[39,85802,94],{"class":53},[39,85804,8254],{"class":997},[39,85806,1026],{"class":53},[20,85808,458],{},[30,85810,85811],{"className":32,"code":84946,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,85812,85813],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85814,85815],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85816,84946],{"class":45},[20,85818,85819],{},"Here Python compares using lowercase versions, but still returns the original string.",[134,85821,4584,85823],{"id":85822},"when-to-use-min",[15,85824,83825],{},[20,85826,128,85827,10214],{},[15,85828,83825],{},[147,85830,85831,85834,85839],{},[150,85832,85833],{},"you need the smallest item quickly",[150,85835,85836,85837],{},"you want to compare values with a custom rule using ",[15,85838,14452],{},[150,85840,85841],{},"you want one result, not a full sorted list",[20,85843,128,85844,85848],{},[173,85845,85846],{"href":74111},[15,85847,74014],{}," if you need all items in order.",[20,85850,128,85851,85856],{},[173,85852,85854],{"href":85853},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-max-function-explained\u002F",[15,85855,82171],{}," if you want the largest item instead.",[134,85858,944],{"id":943},[20,85860,83830],{},[147,85862,85863,85871,85874,85879,85886],{},[150,85864,85865,85866,85868,85869],{},"Passing an empty list or tuple to ",[15,85867,83825],{}," without using ",[15,85870,82526],{},[150,85872,85873],{},"Mixing incompatible types such as integers and strings",[150,85875,1030,85876,85878],{},[15,85877,83825],{}," on strings to ignore uppercase and lowercase differences",[150,85880,4328,85881,85883,85884,84987],{},[15,85882,14452],{}," affects comparison but ",[15,85885,83825],{},[150,85887,948,85888,85890],{},[15,85889,82526],{}," in the wrong syntax form with multiple separate arguments",[20,85892,85893,85894,85896],{},"If you are debugging code that uses ",[15,85895,83825],{},", these quick checks can help:",[30,85898,85900],{"className":32,"code":85899,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(data))\nprint(data)\nprint(len(data))\nprint(min(data))\nprint(min(data, default=None))\nprint(min(words, key=len))\n",[15,85901,85902,85916,85926,85940,85954,85976],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,85903,85904,85906,85908,85910,85912,85914],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,85905,113],{"class":112},[39,85907,101],{"class":53},[39,85909,2845],{"class":2523},[39,85911,101],{"class":53},[39,85913,8817],{"class":97},[39,85915,1026],{"class":53},[39,85917,85918,85920,85922,85924],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,85919,113],{"class":112},[39,85921,101],{"class":53},[39,85923,8817],{"class":97},[39,85925,80],{"class":53},[39,85927,85928,85930,85932,85934,85936,85938],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,85929,113],{"class":112},[39,85931,101],{"class":53},[39,85933,10775],{"class":112},[39,85935,101],{"class":53},[39,85937,8817],{"class":97},[39,85939,1026],{"class":53},[39,85941,85942,85944,85946,85948,85950,85952],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,85943,113],{"class":112},[39,85945,101],{"class":53},[39,85947,84250],{"class":112},[39,85949,101],{"class":53},[39,85951,8817],{"class":97},[39,85953,1026],{"class":53},[39,85955,85956,85958,85960,85962,85964,85966,85968,85970,85972,85974],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,85957,113],{"class":112},[39,85959,101],{"class":53},[39,85961,84250],{"class":112},[39,85963,101],{"class":53},[39,85965,8817],{"class":97},[39,85967,61],{"class":53},[39,85969,26135],{"class":8788},[39,85971,50],{"class":49},[39,85973,3403],{"class":3477},[39,85975,1026],{"class":53},[39,85977,85978,85980,85982,85984,85986,85988,85990,85992,85994,85996],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,85979,113],{"class":112},[39,85981,101],{"class":53},[39,85983,84250],{"class":112},[39,85985,101],{"class":53},[39,85987,1229],{"class":97},[39,85989,61],{"class":53},[39,85991,21191],{"class":8788},[39,85993,50],{"class":49},[39,85995,10775],{"class":112},[39,85997,1026],{"class":53},[20,85999,86000,86001,86004,86005,86007],{},"Use them carefully. For example, ",[15,86002,86003],{},"print(min(data))"," will still fail if ",[15,86006,8817],{}," is empty or contains incompatible types.",[134,86009,1454],{"id":1453},[223,86011,1458,86013,1461],{"id":86012},"what-does-min-return-in-python",[15,86014,83825],{},[20,86016,86017],{},"It returns the smallest item from an iterable, or the smallest value from multiple arguments.",[223,86019,1487,86021,84006],{"id":86020},"can-min-work-with-strings",[15,86022,83825],{},[20,86024,86025],{},"Yes. It compares strings using character order, which is similar to alphabetical order but affected by letter case.",[223,86027,71236],{"id":71235},[20,86029,86030,52097,86032,84018,86034,36235],{},[15,86031,83825],{},[15,86033,40315],{},[15,86035,82526],{},[223,86037,1458,86039,86041,86042,929],{"id":86038},"what-does-key-do-in-min",[15,86040,14452],{}," do in ",[15,86043,83825],{},[20,86045,86046,86048,86049,86051],{},[15,86047,14452],{}," tells Python how to compare items. For example, ",[15,86050,83079],{}," compares strings by length.",[223,86053,1497,86055,796,86057,929],{"id":86054},"what-is-the-difference-between-min-and-sorted",[15,86056,83825],{},[15,86058,74014],{},[20,86060,86061,86063,86064,86066],{},[15,86062,83825],{}," returns only the smallest item. ",[15,86065,74014],{}," returns a new sorted list of all items.",[134,86068,1514],{"id":1513},[147,86070,86071,86077,86083,86089,86093,86097],{},[150,86072,86073],{},[173,86074,86075,3135],{"href":85853},[15,86076,82171],{},[150,86078,86079],{},[173,86080,86081,3135],{"href":74111},[15,86082,74014],{},[150,86084,86085],{},[173,86086,86087,3135],{"href":41966},[15,86088,1542],{},[150,86090,86091],{},[173,86092,79463],{"href":77966},[150,86094,86095],{},[173,86096,1548],{"href":1547},[150,86098,86099],{},[173,86100,65430],{"href":72468},[1550,86102,86103],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sFwrP, html code.shiki .sFwrP{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":86105},[86106,86107,86109,86115,86117,86119,86124,86126,86132,86134,86135,86146],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":84309,"depth":83,"text":86108},"What min() does",{"id":84330,"depth":83,"text":84331,"children":86110},[86111,86112,86113,86114],{"id":84415,"depth":109,"text":84418},{"id":84477,"depth":109,"text":84480},{"id":84527,"depth":109,"text":84530},{"id":84621,"depth":109,"text":84624},{"id":84683,"depth":83,"text":86116},"Using min() with numbers",{"id":84818,"depth":83,"text":86118},"Using min() with strings",{"id":84965,"depth":83,"text":86120,"children":86121},"Using min() with a key function",[86122,86123],{"id":84993,"depth":109,"text":84994},{"id":85068,"depth":109,"text":85069},{"id":85290,"depth":83,"text":86125},"Using default with empty iterables",{"id":10356,"depth":83,"text":10357,"children":86127},[86128,86130,86131],{"id":85432,"depth":109,"text":86129},"Empty list without default",{"id":85522,"depth":109,"text":85523},{"id":85675,"depth":109,"text":85676},{"id":85822,"depth":83,"text":86133},"When to use min()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":86136},[86137,86139,86141,86142,86144],{"id":86012,"depth":109,"text":86138},"What does min() return in Python?",{"id":86020,"depth":109,"text":86140},"Can min() work with strings?",{"id":71235,"depth":109,"text":71236},{"id":86038,"depth":109,"text":86143},"What does key do in min()?",{"id":86054,"depth":109,"text":86145},"What is the difference between min() and sorted()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python min function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained",{"title":84192,"description":86147},"reference\u002Fpython-min-function-explained","VRpvwOyAjT3zttFenYN7xvkjWchE8ws8iWzCuhgc8Cs",{"id":86154,"title":86155,"body":86156,"description":88335,"extension":1587,"meta":88336,"navigation":420,"path":88337,"seo":88338,"stem":88339,"__hash__":88340},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained.md","Python open() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":86157,"toc":88299},[86158,86161,86167,86173,86175,86256,86265,86269,86274,86276,86321,86323,86403,86409,86411,86414,86446,86448,86466,86468,86541,86543,86562,86566,86569,86605,86607,86674,86748,86821,86826,86830,86836,86839,86856,86859,86861,86922,86924,86944,86950,86954,86957,87027,87030,87049,87054,87130,87133,87137,87143,87147,87152,87222,87226,87231,87305,87309,87312,87387,87398,87402,87407,87497,87502,87570,87573,87592,87603,87607,87610,87615,87618,87680,87683,87694,87699,87702,87705,87710,87713,87716,87720,87723,87729,87732,87743,87745,87807,87822,87828,87831,87834,87845,87856,87862,87865,87867,87929,87939,87945,87950,87956,87960,87966,87969,87990,87992,87997,88024,88027,88054,88057,88096,88099,88137,88140,88201,88204,88206,88210,88213,88217,88223,88231,88239,88243,88246,88250,88256,88258,88296],[10,86159,86155],{"id":86160},"python-open-function-explained",[20,86162,86163,86166],{},[15,86164,86165],{},"open()"," is the built-in Python function used to open a file so your program can read from it or write to it.",[20,86168,86169,86170,86172],{},"This page is a beginner-friendly reference for ",[15,86171,86165],{},". You will learn what it does, the most common arguments, what it returns, and how to use it safely when working with files.",[134,86174,1629],{"id":1628},[30,86176,86178],{"className":32,"code":86177,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    content = file.read()\n    print(content)\n",[15,86179,86180,86229,86245],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86181,86182,86185,86188,86190,86192,86195,86197,86199,86201,86203,86205,86207,86210,86212,86214,86217,86219,86221,86223,86227],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86183,86184],{"class":572},"with",[39,86186,86187],{"class":112}," open",[39,86189,101],{"class":53},[39,86191,244],{"class":243},[39,86193,86194],{"class":247},"example.txt",[39,86196,244],{"class":243},[39,86198,61],{"class":53},[39,86200,255],{"class":243},[39,86202,60096],{"class":247},[39,86204,244],{"class":243},[39,86206,61],{"class":53},[39,86208,86209],{"class":8788}," encoding",[39,86211,50],{"class":49},[39,86213,244],{"class":243},[39,86215,86216],{"class":247},"utf-8",[39,86218,244],{"class":243},[39,86220,121],{"class":53},[39,86222,46963],{"class":572},[39,86224,86226],{"class":86225},"sMMDD"," file",[39,86228,598],{"class":53},[39,86230,86231,86234,86236,86238,86240,86243],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,86232,86233],{"class":45},"    content ",[39,86235,50],{"class":49},[39,86237,86226],{"class":86225},[39,86239,94],{"class":53},[39,86241,86242],{"class":97},"read",[39,86244,8257],{"class":53},[39,86246,86247,86249,86251,86254],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,86248,603],{"class":112},[39,86250,101],{"class":53},[39,86252,86253],{"class":97},"content",[39,86255,80],{"class":53},[20,86257,128,86258,86260,86261,86264],{},[15,86259,86184],{}," so the file closes automatically. ",[15,86262,86263],{},"\"r\""," means read mode.",[134,86266,86268],{"id":86267},"what-open-does","What open() does",[20,86270,86271,86273],{},[15,86272,86165],{}," opens a file and gives your program a way to work with it.",[20,86275,11071],{},[147,86277,86278,86281,86286,86291],{},[150,86279,86280],{},"It opens a file so your code can read from it or write to it",[150,86282,40517,86283,86285],{},[3367,86284,4254],{}," read or write anything by itself",[150,86287,17035,86288],{},[3367,86289,86290],{},"file object",[150,86292,86293,86294],{},"You use methods on that file object, such as:\n",[147,86295,86296,86301,86306,86311,86316],{},[150,86297,86298],{},[15,86299,86300],{},"read()",[150,86302,86303],{},[15,86304,86305],{},"readline()",[150,86307,86308],{},[15,86309,86310],{},"readlines()",[150,86312,86313],{},[15,86314,86315],{},"write()",[150,86317,86318],{},[15,86319,86320],{},"close()",[20,86322,515],{},[30,86324,86326],{"className":32,"code":86325,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"file = open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\")\ncontent = file.read()\nprint(content)\nfile.close()\n",[15,86327,86328,86367,86382,86392],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86329,86330,86333,86335,86337,86339,86341,86343,86345,86347,86349,86351,86353,86355,86357,86359,86361,86363,86365],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86331,86332],{"class":86225},"file",[39,86334,12886],{"class":49},[39,86336,86187],{"class":112},[39,86338,101],{"class":53},[39,86340,244],{"class":243},[39,86342,86194],{"class":247},[39,86344,244],{"class":243},[39,86346,61],{"class":53},[39,86348,255],{"class":243},[39,86350,60096],{"class":247},[39,86352,244],{"class":243},[39,86354,61],{"class":53},[39,86356,86209],{"class":8788},[39,86358,50],{"class":49},[39,86360,244],{"class":243},[39,86362,86216],{"class":247},[39,86364,244],{"class":243},[39,86366,80],{"class":53},[39,86368,86369,86372,86374,86376,86378,86380],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,86370,86371],{"class":45},"content ",[39,86373,50],{"class":49},[39,86375,86226],{"class":86225},[39,86377,94],{"class":53},[39,86379,86242],{"class":97},[39,86381,8257],{"class":53},[39,86383,86384,86386,86388,86390],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,86385,113],{"class":112},[39,86387,101],{"class":53},[39,86389,86253],{"class":97},[39,86391,80],{"class":53},[39,86393,86394,86396,86398,86401],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,86395,86332],{"class":86225},[39,86397,94],{"class":53},[39,86399,86400],{"class":97},"close",[39,86402,8257],{"class":53},[20,86404,86405,86406,86408],{},"This works, but in most cases you should use ",[15,86407,86184],{}," instead, because it closes the file for you automatically.",[134,86410,1781],{"id":1780},[20,86412,86413],{},"A common form is:",[30,86415,86417],{"className":32,"code":86416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"open(file, mode, encoding=\"utf-8\")\n",[15,86418,86419],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86420,86421,86423,86425,86427,86429,86432,86434,86436,86438,86440,86442,86444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86422,42034],{"class":112},[39,86424,101],{"class":53},[39,86426,86332],{"class":86225},[39,86428,61],{"class":53},[39,86430,86431],{"class":97}," mode",[39,86433,61],{"class":53},[39,86435,86209],{"class":8788},[39,86437,50],{"class":49},[39,86439,244],{"class":243},[39,86441,86216],{"class":247},[39,86443,244],{"class":243},[39,86445,80],{"class":53},[20,86447,64637],{},[147,86449,86450,86455,86460],{},[150,86451,86452,86454],{},[15,86453,86332],{}," is the file name or file path",[150,86456,86457,86459],{},[15,86458,20531],{}," controls how the file is opened",[150,86461,86462,86465],{},[15,86463,86464],{},"encoding"," matters when you are working with text files",[20,86467,515],{},[30,86469,86471],{"className":32,"code":86470,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"notes.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    text = file.read()\n    print(text)\n",[15,86472,86473,86516,86531],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86474,86475,86477,86479,86481,86483,86486,86488,86490,86492,86494,86496,86498,86500,86502,86504,86506,86508,86510,86512,86514],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86476,86184],{"class":572},[39,86478,86187],{"class":112},[39,86480,101],{"class":53},[39,86482,244],{"class":243},[39,86484,86485],{"class":247},"notes.txt",[39,86487,244],{"class":243},[39,86489,61],{"class":53},[39,86491,255],{"class":243},[39,86493,60096],{"class":247},[39,86495,244],{"class":243},[39,86497,61],{"class":53},[39,86499,86209],{"class":8788},[39,86501,50],{"class":49},[39,86503,244],{"class":243},[39,86505,86216],{"class":247},[39,86507,244],{"class":243},[39,86509,121],{"class":53},[39,86511,46963],{"class":572},[39,86513,86226],{"class":86225},[39,86515,598],{"class":53},[39,86517,86518,86521,86523,86525,86527,86529],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,86519,86520],{"class":45},"    text ",[39,86522,50],{"class":49},[39,86524,86226],{"class":86225},[39,86526,94],{"class":53},[39,86528,86242],{"class":97},[39,86530,8257],{"class":53},[39,86532,86533,86535,86537,86539],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,86534,603],{"class":112},[39,86536,101],{"class":53},[39,86538,34323],{"class":97},[39,86540,80],{"class":53},[20,86542,335],{},[147,86544,86545,86551,86556],{},[150,86546,86547,86550],{},[15,86548,86549],{},"\"notes.txt\""," is the file name",[150,86552,86553,86555],{},[15,86554,86263],{}," means open for reading",[150,86557,86558,86561],{},[15,86559,86560],{},"encoding=\"utf-8\""," tells Python how to decode the text",[134,86563,86565],{"id":86564},"common-file-modes","Common file modes",[20,86567,86568],{},"These are the modes beginners use most often:",[147,86570,86571,86576,86582,86587,86593,86599],{},[150,86572,86573,86575],{},[15,86574,86263],{}," = read a text file",[150,86577,86578,86581],{},[15,86579,86580],{},"\"w\""," = write a text file and replace existing content",[150,86583,86584,86586],{},[15,86585,17708],{}," = append text to the end of a file",[150,86588,86589,86592],{},[15,86590,86591],{},"\"x\""," = create a new file and fail if it already exists",[150,86594,86595,86598],{},[15,86596,86597],{},"\"rb\""," = read a binary file",[150,86600,86601,86604],{},[15,86602,86603],{},"\"wb\""," = write a binary file",[20,86606,1749],{},[30,86608,86610],{"className":32,"code":86609,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Read a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,86611,86612,86617,86660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86613,86614],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86615,86616],{"class":124},"# Read a text file\n",[39,86618,86619,86621,86623,86625,86627,86630,86632,86634,86636,86638,86640,86642,86644,86646,86648,86650,86652,86654,86656,86658],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,86620,86184],{"class":572},[39,86622,86187],{"class":112},[39,86624,101],{"class":53},[39,86626,244],{"class":243},[39,86628,86629],{"class":247},"data.txt",[39,86631,244],{"class":243},[39,86633,61],{"class":53},[39,86635,255],{"class":243},[39,86637,60096],{"class":247},[39,86639,244],{"class":243},[39,86641,61],{"class":53},[39,86643,86209],{"class":8788},[39,86645,50],{"class":49},[39,86647,244],{"class":243},[39,86649,86216],{"class":247},[39,86651,244],{"class":243},[39,86653,121],{"class":53},[39,86655,46963],{"class":572},[39,86657,86226],{"class":86225},[39,86659,598],{"class":53},[39,86661,86662,86664,86666,86668,86670,86672],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,86663,603],{"class":112},[39,86665,101],{"class":53},[39,86667,86332],{"class":86225},[39,86669,94],{"class":53},[39,86671,86242],{"class":97},[39,86673,6810],{"class":53},[30,86675,86677],{"className":32,"code":86676,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Hello\\n\")\n",[15,86678,86679,86684,86726],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86680,86681],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86682,86683],{"class":124},"# Write a text file (overwrites old content)\n",[39,86685,86686,86688,86690,86692,86694,86696,86698,86700,86702,86704,86706,86708,86710,86712,86714,86716,86718,86720,86722,86724],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,86687,86184],{"class":572},[39,86689,86187],{"class":112},[39,86691,101],{"class":53},[39,86693,244],{"class":243},[39,86695,86629],{"class":247},[39,86697,244],{"class":243},[39,86699,61],{"class":53},[39,86701,255],{"class":243},[39,86703,60079],{"class":247},[39,86705,244],{"class":243},[39,86707,61],{"class":53},[39,86709,86209],{"class":8788},[39,86711,50],{"class":49},[39,86713,244],{"class":243},[39,86715,86216],{"class":247},[39,86717,244],{"class":243},[39,86719,121],{"class":53},[39,86721,46963],{"class":572},[39,86723,86226],{"class":86225},[39,86725,598],{"class":53},[39,86727,86728,86731,86733,86735,86737,86739,86741,86744,86746],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,86729,86730],{"class":86225},"    file",[39,86732,94],{"class":53},[39,86734,69785],{"class":97},[39,86736,101],{"class":53},[39,86738,244],{"class":243},[39,86740,34482],{"class":247},[39,86742,86743],{"class":34067},"\\n",[39,86745,244],{"class":243},[39,86747,80],{"class":53},[30,86749,86751],{"className":32,"code":86750,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# Append to a text file\nwith open(\"data.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Another line\\n\")\n",[15,86752,86753,86758,86800],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86754,86755],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86756,86757],{"class":124},"# Append to a text file\n",[39,86759,86760,86762,86764,86766,86768,86770,86772,86774,86776,86778,86780,86782,86784,86786,86788,86790,86792,86794,86796,86798],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,86761,86184],{"class":572},[39,86763,86187],{"class":112},[39,86765,101],{"class":53},[39,86767,244],{"class":243},[39,86769,86629],{"class":247},[39,86771,244],{"class":243},[39,86773,61],{"class":53},[39,86775,255],{"class":243},[39,86777,173],{"class":247},[39,86779,244],{"class":243},[39,86781,61],{"class":53},[39,86783,86209],{"class":8788},[39,86785,50],{"class":49},[39,86787,244],{"class":243},[39,86789,86216],{"class":247},[39,86791,244],{"class":243},[39,86793,121],{"class":53},[39,86795,46963],{"class":572},[39,86797,86226],{"class":86225},[39,86799,598],{"class":53},[39,86801,86802,86804,86806,86808,86810,86812,86815,86817,86819],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,86803,86730],{"class":86225},[39,86805,94],{"class":53},[39,86807,69785],{"class":97},[39,86809,101],{"class":53},[39,86811,244],{"class":243},[39,86813,86814],{"class":247},"Another line",[39,86816,86743],{"class":34067},[39,86818,244],{"class":243},[39,86820,80],{"class":53},[20,86822,68938,86823,86825],{},[15,86824,86580],{}," mode. If the file already exists, its old contents are removed.",[134,86827,86829],{"id":86828},"what-open-returns","What open() returns",[20,86831,86832,21587,86834,94],{},[15,86833,86165],{},[3367,86835,86290],{},[20,86837,86838],{},"A file object is the thing you actually use to work with the file. It gives you methods like:",[147,86840,86841,86846,86851],{},[150,86842,86843],{},[15,86844,86845],{},"file.read()",[150,86847,86848],{},[15,86849,86850],{},"file.write()",[150,86852,86853],{},[15,86854,86855],{},"file.close()",[20,86857,86858],{},"It also keeps track of the current position in the file.",[20,86860,515],{},[30,86862,86864],{"className":32,"code":86863,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(type(file))\n",[15,86865,86866,86908],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86867,86868,86870,86872,86874,86876,86878,86880,86882,86884,86886,86888,86890,86892,86894,86896,86898,86900,86902,86904,86906],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86869,86184],{"class":572},[39,86871,86187],{"class":112},[39,86873,101],{"class":53},[39,86875,244],{"class":243},[39,86877,86194],{"class":247},[39,86879,244],{"class":243},[39,86881,61],{"class":53},[39,86883,255],{"class":243},[39,86885,60096],{"class":247},[39,86887,244],{"class":243},[39,86889,61],{"class":53},[39,86891,86209],{"class":8788},[39,86893,50],{"class":49},[39,86895,244],{"class":243},[39,86897,86216],{"class":247},[39,86899,244],{"class":243},[39,86901,121],{"class":53},[39,86903,46963],{"class":572},[39,86905,86226],{"class":86225},[39,86907,598],{"class":53},[39,86909,86910,86912,86914,86916,86918,86920],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,86911,603],{"class":112},[39,86913,101],{"class":53},[39,86915,2845],{"class":2523},[39,86917,101],{"class":53},[39,86919,86332],{"class":86225},[39,86921,1026],{"class":53},[20,86923,29642],{},[30,86925,86927],{"className":32,"code":86926,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass '_io.TextIOWrapper'>\n",[15,86928,86929],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86930,86931,86933,86935,86937,86940,86942],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86932,2914],{"class":49},[39,86934,2917],{"class":1689},[39,86936,2920],{"class":243},[39,86938,86939],{"class":247},"_io.TextIOWrapper",[39,86941,629],{"class":243},[39,86943,2927],{"class":49},[20,86945,86946,86947,86949],{},"You do not need to memorize that type name. The important idea is that ",[15,86948,86165],{}," gives you an object that knows how to interact with the file.",[134,86951,86953],{"id":86952},"why-beginners-should-use-with","Why beginners should use with",[20,86955,86956],{},"Beginners should usually write file code like this:",[30,86958,86959],{"className":32,"code":86177,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,86960,86961,87003,87017],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,86962,86963,86965,86967,86969,86971,86973,86975,86977,86979,86981,86983,86985,86987,86989,86991,86993,86995,86997,86999,87001],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,86964,86184],{"class":572},[39,86966,86187],{"class":112},[39,86968,101],{"class":53},[39,86970,244],{"class":243},[39,86972,86194],{"class":247},[39,86974,244],{"class":243},[39,86976,61],{"class":53},[39,86978,255],{"class":243},[39,86980,60096],{"class":247},[39,86982,244],{"class":243},[39,86984,61],{"class":53},[39,86986,86209],{"class":8788},[39,86988,50],{"class":49},[39,86990,244],{"class":243},[39,86992,86216],{"class":247},[39,86994,244],{"class":243},[39,86996,121],{"class":53},[39,86998,46963],{"class":572},[39,87000,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87002,598],{"class":53},[39,87004,87005,87007,87009,87011,87013,87015],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87006,86233],{"class":45},[39,87008,50],{"class":49},[39,87010,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87012,94],{"class":53},[39,87014,86242],{"class":97},[39,87016,8257],{"class":53},[39,87018,87019,87021,87023,87025],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,87020,603],{"class":112},[39,87022,101],{"class":53},[39,87024,86253],{"class":97},[39,87026,80],{"class":53},[20,87028,87029],{},"Why this is recommended:",[147,87031,87032,87037,87043,87046],{},[150,87033,87034,87036],{},[15,87035,86184],{}," automatically closes the file when the block ends",[150,87038,87039,87040,87042],{},"It is safer than calling ",[15,87041,86320],{}," yourself",[150,87044,87045],{},"It helps prevent bugs caused by leaving files open",[150,87047,87048],{},"It is the standard pattern you will see in most Python code",[20,87050,83342,87051,87053],{},[15,87052,86184],{},", you must remember to close the file yourself:",[30,87055,87056],{"className":32,"code":86325,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,87057,87058,87096,87110,87120],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87059,87060,87062,87064,87066,87068,87070,87072,87074,87076,87078,87080,87082,87084,87086,87088,87090,87092,87094],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87061,86332],{"class":86225},[39,87063,12886],{"class":49},[39,87065,86187],{"class":112},[39,87067,101],{"class":53},[39,87069,244],{"class":243},[39,87071,86194],{"class":247},[39,87073,244],{"class":243},[39,87075,61],{"class":53},[39,87077,255],{"class":243},[39,87079,60096],{"class":247},[39,87081,244],{"class":243},[39,87083,61],{"class":53},[39,87085,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87087,50],{"class":49},[39,87089,244],{"class":243},[39,87091,86216],{"class":247},[39,87093,244],{"class":243},[39,87095,80],{"class":53},[39,87097,87098,87100,87102,87104,87106,87108],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87099,86371],{"class":45},[39,87101,50],{"class":49},[39,87103,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87105,94],{"class":53},[39,87107,86242],{"class":97},[39,87109,8257],{"class":53},[39,87111,87112,87114,87116,87118],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,87113,113],{"class":112},[39,87115,101],{"class":53},[39,87117,86253],{"class":97},[39,87119,80],{"class":53},[39,87121,87122,87124,87126,87128],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,87123,86332],{"class":86225},[39,87125,94],{"class":53},[39,87127,86400],{"class":97},[39,87129,8257],{"class":53},[20,87131,87132],{},"That version is easier to get wrong.",[134,87134,87136],{"id":87135},"reading-text-with-open","Reading text with open()",[20,87138,87139,87140,87142],{},"Use mode ",[15,87141,86263],{}," when you want to read a text file.",[223,87144,87146],{"id":87145},"read-the-whole-file","Read the whole file",[20,87148,87149,87151],{},[15,87150,86300],{}," returns the full contents as one string.",[30,87153,87154],{"className":32,"code":86177,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,87155,87156,87198,87212],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87157,87158,87160,87162,87164,87166,87168,87170,87172,87174,87176,87178,87180,87182,87184,87186,87188,87190,87192,87194,87196],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87159,86184],{"class":572},[39,87161,86187],{"class":112},[39,87163,101],{"class":53},[39,87165,244],{"class":243},[39,87167,86194],{"class":247},[39,87169,244],{"class":243},[39,87171,61],{"class":53},[39,87173,255],{"class":243},[39,87175,60096],{"class":247},[39,87177,244],{"class":243},[39,87179,61],{"class":53},[39,87181,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87183,50],{"class":49},[39,87185,244],{"class":243},[39,87187,86216],{"class":247},[39,87189,244],{"class":243},[39,87191,121],{"class":53},[39,87193,46963],{"class":572},[39,87195,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87197,598],{"class":53},[39,87199,87200,87202,87204,87206,87208,87210],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87201,86233],{"class":45},[39,87203,50],{"class":49},[39,87205,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87207,94],{"class":53},[39,87209,86242],{"class":97},[39,87211,8257],{"class":53},[39,87213,87214,87216,87218,87220],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,87215,603],{"class":112},[39,87217,101],{"class":53},[39,87219,86253],{"class":97},[39,87221,80],{"class":53},[223,87223,87225],{"id":87224},"read-one-line","Read one line",[20,87227,87228,87230],{},[15,87229,86305],{}," reads one line at a time.",[30,87232,87234],{"className":32,"code":87233,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    first_line = file.readline()\n    print(first_line)\n",[15,87235,87236,87278,87294],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87237,87238,87240,87242,87244,87246,87248,87250,87252,87254,87256,87258,87260,87262,87264,87266,87268,87270,87272,87274,87276],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87239,86184],{"class":572},[39,87241,86187],{"class":112},[39,87243,101],{"class":53},[39,87245,244],{"class":243},[39,87247,86194],{"class":247},[39,87249,244],{"class":243},[39,87251,61],{"class":53},[39,87253,255],{"class":243},[39,87255,60096],{"class":247},[39,87257,244],{"class":243},[39,87259,61],{"class":53},[39,87261,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87263,50],{"class":49},[39,87265,244],{"class":243},[39,87267,86216],{"class":247},[39,87269,244],{"class":243},[39,87271,121],{"class":53},[39,87273,46963],{"class":572},[39,87275,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87277,598],{"class":53},[39,87279,87280,87283,87285,87287,87289,87292],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87281,87282],{"class":45},"    first_line ",[39,87284,50],{"class":49},[39,87286,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87288,94],{"class":53},[39,87290,87291],{"class":97},"readline",[39,87293,8257],{"class":53},[39,87295,87296,87298,87300,87303],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,87297,603],{"class":112},[39,87299,101],{"class":53},[39,87301,87302],{"class":97},"first_line",[39,87304,80],{"class":53},[223,87306,87308],{"id":87307},"loop-over-the-file-line-by-line","Loop over the file line by line",[20,87310,87311],{},"This is often the best choice for larger files.",[30,87313,87315],{"className":32,"code":87314,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    for line in file:\n        print(line.strip())\n",[15,87316,87317,87359,87373],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87318,87319,87321,87323,87325,87327,87329,87331,87333,87335,87337,87339,87341,87343,87345,87347,87349,87351,87353,87355,87357],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87320,86184],{"class":572},[39,87322,86187],{"class":112},[39,87324,101],{"class":53},[39,87326,244],{"class":243},[39,87328,86194],{"class":247},[39,87330,244],{"class":243},[39,87332,61],{"class":53},[39,87334,255],{"class":243},[39,87336,60096],{"class":247},[39,87338,244],{"class":243},[39,87340,61],{"class":53},[39,87342,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87344,50],{"class":49},[39,87346,244],{"class":243},[39,87348,86216],{"class":247},[39,87350,244],{"class":243},[39,87352,121],{"class":53},[39,87354,46963],{"class":572},[39,87356,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87358,598],{"class":53},[39,87360,87361,87364,87367,87369,87371],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87362,87363],{"class":572},"    for",[39,87365,87366],{"class":45}," line ",[39,87368,1128],{"class":572},[39,87370,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87372,598],{"class":53},[39,87374,87375,87377,87379,87381,87383,87385],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,87376,46943],{"class":112},[39,87378,101],{"class":53},[39,87380,41],{"class":97},[39,87382,94],{"class":53},[39,87384,8248],{"class":97},[39,87386,6810],{"class":53},[20,87388,87389,87390,177,87394,94],{},"If you want a full beginner walkthrough, see ",[173,87391,87393],{"href":87392},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File in Python",[173,87395,87397],{"href":87396},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-read-a-file-line-by-line-in-python\u002F","How to Read a File Line by Line in Python",[134,87399,87401],{"id":87400},"writing-text-with-open","Writing text with open()",[20,87403,128,87404,87406],{},[15,87405,86580],{}," to create a file or overwrite an existing file.",[30,87408,87410],{"className":32,"code":87409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"w\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"First line\\n\")\n    file.write(\"Second line\\n\")\n",[15,87411,87412,87455,87476],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87413,87414,87416,87418,87420,87422,87425,87427,87429,87431,87433,87435,87437,87439,87441,87443,87445,87447,87449,87451,87453],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87415,86184],{"class":572},[39,87417,86187],{"class":112},[39,87419,101],{"class":53},[39,87421,244],{"class":243},[39,87423,87424],{"class":247},"output.txt",[39,87426,244],{"class":243},[39,87428,61],{"class":53},[39,87430,255],{"class":243},[39,87432,60079],{"class":247},[39,87434,244],{"class":243},[39,87436,61],{"class":53},[39,87438,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87440,50],{"class":49},[39,87442,244],{"class":243},[39,87444,86216],{"class":247},[39,87446,244],{"class":243},[39,87448,121],{"class":53},[39,87450,46963],{"class":572},[39,87452,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87454,598],{"class":53},[39,87456,87457,87459,87461,87463,87465,87467,87470,87472,87474],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87458,86730],{"class":86225},[39,87460,94],{"class":53},[39,87462,69785],{"class":97},[39,87464,101],{"class":53},[39,87466,244],{"class":243},[39,87468,87469],{"class":247},"First line",[39,87471,86743],{"class":34067},[39,87473,244],{"class":243},[39,87475,80],{"class":53},[39,87477,87478,87480,87482,87484,87486,87488,87491,87493,87495],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,87479,86730],{"class":86225},[39,87481,94],{"class":53},[39,87483,69785],{"class":97},[39,87485,101],{"class":53},[39,87487,244],{"class":243},[39,87489,87490],{"class":247},"Second line",[39,87492,86743],{"class":34067},[39,87494,244],{"class":243},[39,87496,80],{"class":53},[20,87498,128,87499,87501],{},[15,87500,17708],{}," if you want to add content without deleting what is already there.",[30,87503,87505],{"className":32,"code":87504,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"output.txt\", \"a\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    file.write(\"Third line\\n\")\n",[15,87506,87507,87549],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87508,87509,87511,87513,87515,87517,87519,87521,87523,87525,87527,87529,87531,87533,87535,87537,87539,87541,87543,87545,87547],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87510,86184],{"class":572},[39,87512,86187],{"class":112},[39,87514,101],{"class":53},[39,87516,244],{"class":243},[39,87518,87424],{"class":247},[39,87520,244],{"class":243},[39,87522,61],{"class":53},[39,87524,255],{"class":243},[39,87526,173],{"class":247},[39,87528,244],{"class":243},[39,87530,61],{"class":53},[39,87532,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87534,50],{"class":49},[39,87536,244],{"class":243},[39,87538,86216],{"class":247},[39,87540,244],{"class":243},[39,87542,121],{"class":53},[39,87544,46963],{"class":572},[39,87546,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87548,598],{"class":53},[39,87550,87551,87553,87555,87557,87559,87561,87564,87566,87568],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87552,86730],{"class":86225},[39,87554,94],{"class":53},[39,87556,69785],{"class":97},[39,87558,101],{"class":53},[39,87560,244],{"class":243},[39,87562,87563],{"class":247},"Third line",[39,87565,86743],{"class":34067},[39,87567,244],{"class":243},[39,87569,80],{"class":53},[20,87571,87572],{},"Important detail:",[147,87574,87575,87580,87587],{},[150,87576,87577,87579],{},[15,87578,86315],{}," writes a string",[150,87581,87582,13664,87584,87586],{},[15,87583,86315],{},[3367,87585,4254],{}," add a newline for you",[150,87588,87589,87590,87042],{},"If you want a new line, include ",[15,87591,86743],{},[20,87593,87594,87595,177,87599,94],{},"If your goal is a full task rather than a function reference, see ",[173,87596,87598],{"href":87597},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-write-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Write to a File in Python",[173,87600,87602],{"href":87601},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-append-to-a-file-in-python\u002F","How to Append to a File in Python",[134,87604,87606],{"id":87605},"important-arguments-beginners-should-know","Important arguments beginners should know",[20,87608,87609],{},"A few arguments matter more than others when starting out.",[223,87611,87613],{"id":87612},"encodingutf-8",[15,87614,86560],{},[20,87616,87617],{},"For text files, this is a good default.",[30,87619,87621],{"className":32,"code":87620,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"message.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87622,87623,87666],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87624,87625,87627,87629,87631,87633,87636,87638,87640,87642,87644,87646,87648,87650,87652,87654,87656,87658,87660,87662,87664],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87626,86184],{"class":572},[39,87628,86187],{"class":112},[39,87630,101],{"class":53},[39,87632,244],{"class":243},[39,87634,87635],{"class":247},"message.txt",[39,87637,244],{"class":243},[39,87639,61],{"class":53},[39,87641,255],{"class":243},[39,87643,60096],{"class":247},[39,87645,244],{"class":243},[39,87647,61],{"class":53},[39,87649,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87651,50],{"class":49},[39,87653,244],{"class":243},[39,87655,86216],{"class":247},[39,87657,244],{"class":243},[39,87659,121],{"class":53},[39,87661,46963],{"class":572},[39,87663,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87665,598],{"class":53},[39,87667,87668,87670,87672,87674,87676,87678],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87669,603],{"class":112},[39,87671,101],{"class":53},[39,87673,86332],{"class":86225},[39,87675,94],{"class":53},[39,87677,86242],{"class":97},[39,87679,6810],{"class":53},[20,87681,87682],{},"Why it matters:",[147,87684,87685,87688,87691],{},[150,87686,87687],{},"It helps Python read text correctly",[150,87689,87690],{},"It avoids some text decoding problems",[150,87692,87693],{},"It makes your code more consistent across systems",[223,87695,87697],{"id":87696},"newline",[15,87698,87696],{},[20,87700,87701],{},"This is mostly useful when writing CSV files or when you need exact control over line endings.",[20,87703,87704],{},"Beginners usually do not need it for normal text files.",[223,87706,87708],{"id":87707},"buffering",[15,87709,87707],{},[20,87711,87712],{},"This is an advanced argument.",[20,87714,87715],{},"Most beginners can ignore it and use the default.",[134,87717,87719],{"id":87718},"common-errors-when-using-open","Common errors when using open()",[20,87721,87722],{},"Here are some common file-related errors you may see.",[223,87724,87726],{"id":87725},"filenotfounderror",[15,87727,87728],{},"FileNotFoundError",[20,87730,87731],{},"This happens when:",[147,87733,87734,87737,87740],{},[150,87735,87736],{},"the file does not exist",[150,87738,87739],{},"the path is wrong",[150,87741,87742],{},"your program is running from a different folder than you expect",[20,87744,515],{},[30,87746,87748],{"className":32,"code":87747,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"missing.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87749,87750,87793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87751,87752,87754,87756,87758,87760,87763,87765,87767,87769,87771,87773,87775,87777,87779,87781,87783,87785,87787,87789,87791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87753,86184],{"class":572},[39,87755,86187],{"class":112},[39,87757,101],{"class":53},[39,87759,244],{"class":243},[39,87761,87762],{"class":247},"missing.txt",[39,87764,244],{"class":243},[39,87766,61],{"class":53},[39,87768,255],{"class":243},[39,87770,60096],{"class":247},[39,87772,244],{"class":243},[39,87774,61],{"class":53},[39,87776,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87778,50],{"class":49},[39,87780,244],{"class":243},[39,87782,86216],{"class":247},[39,87784,244],{"class":243},[39,87786,121],{"class":53},[39,87788,46963],{"class":572},[39,87790,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87792,598],{"class":53},[39,87794,87795,87797,87799,87801,87803,87805],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87796,603],{"class":112},[39,87798,101],{"class":53},[39,87800,86332],{"class":86225},[39,87802,94],{"class":53},[39,87804,86242],{"class":97},[39,87806,6810],{"class":53},[20,87808,87809,87810,796,87818,94],{},"If you are stuck, see ",[173,87811,87813,87814,87817],{"href":87812},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ffilenotfounderror-errno-2-no-such-file-or-directory-fix\u002F","FileNotFoundError: ",[39,87815,87816],{},"Errno 2"," No such file or directory",[173,87819,87821],{"href":87820},"\u002Flearn\u002Fworking-with-file-paths-in-python\u002F","Working with File Paths in Python",[223,87823,87825],{"id":87824},"permissionerror",[15,87826,87827],{},"PermissionError",[20,87829,87830],{},"This happens when Python does not have permission to access the file.",[20,87832,87833],{},"Example causes:",[147,87835,87836,87839,87842],{},[150,87837,87838],{},"the file is protected",[150,87840,87841],{},"you are trying to write somewhere you should not",[150,87843,87844],{},"another program is blocking access",[20,87846,87847,87848],{},"Related page: ",[173,87849,87851,87852,87855],{"href":87850},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fpermissionerror-errno-13-permission-denied-fix\u002F","PermissionError: ",[39,87853,87854],{},"Errno 13"," Permission denied",[223,87857,87859],{"id":87858},"isadirectoryerror",[15,87860,87861],{},"IsADirectoryError",[20,87863,87864],{},"This happens when you pass a folder path instead of a file path.",[20,87866,515],{},[30,87868,87870],{"className":32,"code":87869,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"my_folder\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,87871,87872,87915],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,87873,87874,87876,87878,87880,87882,87885,87887,87889,87891,87893,87895,87897,87899,87901,87903,87905,87907,87909,87911,87913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,87875,86184],{"class":572},[39,87877,86187],{"class":112},[39,87879,101],{"class":53},[39,87881,244],{"class":243},[39,87883,87884],{"class":247},"my_folder",[39,87886,244],{"class":243},[39,87888,61],{"class":53},[39,87890,255],{"class":243},[39,87892,60096],{"class":247},[39,87894,244],{"class":243},[39,87896,61],{"class":53},[39,87898,86209],{"class":8788},[39,87900,50],{"class":49},[39,87902,244],{"class":243},[39,87904,86216],{"class":247},[39,87906,244],{"class":243},[39,87908,121],{"class":53},[39,87910,46963],{"class":572},[39,87912,86226],{"class":86225},[39,87914,598],{"class":53},[39,87916,87917,87919,87921,87923,87925,87927],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,87918,603],{"class":112},[39,87920,101],{"class":53},[39,87922,86332],{"class":86225},[39,87924,94],{"class":53},[39,87926,86242],{"class":97},[39,87928,6810],{"class":53},[20,87930,87847,87931],{},[173,87932,87934,87935,87938],{"href":87933},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fisadirectoryerror-errno-21-is-a-directory-fix\u002F","IsADirectoryError: ",[39,87936,87937],{},"Errno 21"," Is a directory",[223,87940,87942],{"id":87941},"unicodedecodeerror",[15,87943,87944],{},"UnicodeDecodeError",[20,87946,87947,87948,94],{},"This can happen when the file's real encoding does not match the encoding you used in ",[15,87949,86165],{},[20,87951,87847,87952],{},[173,87953,87955],{"href":87954},"\u002Ferrors\u002Funicodedecodeerror-utf-8-codec-cant-decode-byte-fix\u002F","UnicodeDecodeError: 'utf-8' codec can't decode byte",[134,87957,87959],{"id":87958},"when-to-use-other-pages","When to use other pages",[20,87961,87962,87963,87965],{},"This page is a reference for the ",[15,87964,86165],{}," function.",[20,87967,87968],{},"Use other pages when you need something more specific:",[147,87970,87971,87974,87977,87983],{},[150,87972,87973],{},"Use a how-to page for a full task, such as reading a file line by line",[150,87975,87976],{},"Use an error page when you already have a specific exception to fix",[150,87978,87979,87980,87982],{},"Use a path page when the real problem is the file location, not ",[15,87981,86165],{}," itself",[150,87984,87985,87986],{},"For a broader introduction, see ",[173,87987,87989],{"href":87988},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-file-handling-basics-read-and-write\u002F","Python File Handling Basics: Read and Write",[134,87991,944],{"id":943},[20,87993,87994,87995,145],{},"These are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,87996,86165],{},[147,87998,87999,88004,88010,88015,88018,88021],{},[150,88000,948,88001,88003],{},[15,88002,86263],{}," mode on a file that does not exist",[150,88005,88006,88007,88009],{},"Forgetting to use ",[15,88008,86464],{}," for text files",[150,88011,948,88012,88014],{},[15,88013,86580],{}," and accidentally deleting old content",[150,88016,88017],{},"Trying to read from a file opened in write mode",[150,88019,88020],{},"Passing a folder path instead of a file path",[150,88022,88023],{},"Using a relative path from the wrong working directory",[20,88025,88026],{},"If you are not sure what Python is trying to open, these quick checks can help:",[30,88028,88030],{"className":32,"code":88029,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import os\nprint(os.getcwd())\n",[15,88031,88032,88039],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88033,88034,88036],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88035,34706],{"class":572},[39,88037,88038],{"class":45}," os\n",[39,88040,88041,88043,88045,88047,88049,88052],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88042,113],{"class":112},[39,88044,101],{"class":53},[39,88046,42233],{"class":97},[39,88048,94],{"class":53},[39,88050,88051],{"class":97},"getcwd",[39,88053,6810],{"class":53},[20,88055,88056],{},"This shows the current working directory.",[30,88058,88060],{"className":32,"code":88059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import os\nprint(os.path.exists(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88061,88062,88068],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88063,88064,88066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88065,34706],{"class":572},[39,88067,88038],{"class":45},[39,88069,88070,88072,88074,88076,88078,88081,88083,88086,88088,88090,88092,88094],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88071,113],{"class":112},[39,88073,101],{"class":53},[39,88075,42233],{"class":97},[39,88077,94],{"class":53},[39,88079,88080],{"class":997},"path",[39,88082,94],{"class":53},[39,88084,88085],{"class":97},"exists",[39,88087,101],{"class":53},[39,88089,244],{"class":243},[39,88091,86194],{"class":247},[39,88093,244],{"class":243},[39,88095,1026],{"class":53},[20,88097,88098],{},"This checks whether the path exists.",[30,88100,88102],{"className":32,"code":88101,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import os\nprint(os.path.isfile(\"example.txt\"))\n",[15,88103,88104,88110],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88105,88106,88108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88107,34706],{"class":572},[39,88109,88038],{"class":45},[39,88111,88112,88114,88116,88118,88120,88122,88124,88127,88129,88131,88133,88135],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88113,113],{"class":112},[39,88115,101],{"class":53},[39,88117,42233],{"class":97},[39,88119,94],{"class":53},[39,88121,88080],{"class":997},[39,88123,94],{"class":53},[39,88125,88126],{"class":97},"isfile",[39,88128,101],{"class":53},[39,88130,244],{"class":243},[39,88132,86194],{"class":247},[39,88134,244],{"class":243},[39,88136,1026],{"class":53},[20,88138,88139],{},"This checks whether the path is a file.",[30,88141,88143],{"className":32,"code":88142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"with open(\"example.txt\", \"r\", encoding=\"utf-8\") as file:\n    print(file.read())\n",[15,88144,88145,88187],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88146,88147,88149,88151,88153,88155,88157,88159,88161,88163,88165,88167,88169,88171,88173,88175,88177,88179,88181,88183,88185],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88148,86184],{"class":572},[39,88150,86187],{"class":112},[39,88152,101],{"class":53},[39,88154,244],{"class":243},[39,88156,86194],{"class":247},[39,88158,244],{"class":243},[39,88160,61],{"class":53},[39,88162,255],{"class":243},[39,88164,60096],{"class":247},[39,88166,244],{"class":243},[39,88168,61],{"class":53},[39,88170,86209],{"class":8788},[39,88172,50],{"class":49},[39,88174,244],{"class":243},[39,88176,86216],{"class":247},[39,88178,244],{"class":243},[39,88180,121],{"class":53},[39,88182,46963],{"class":572},[39,88184,86226],{"class":86225},[39,88186,598],{"class":53},[39,88188,88189,88191,88193,88195,88197,88199],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88190,603],{"class":112},[39,88192,101],{"class":53},[39,88194,86332],{"class":86225},[39,88196,94],{"class":53},[39,88198,86242],{"class":97},[39,88200,6810],{"class":53},[20,88202,88203],{},"This is a simple test to confirm the file can be opened and read.",[134,88205,1454],{"id":1453},[223,88207,88209],{"id":88208},"what-does-open-return-in-python","What does open() return in Python?",[20,88211,88212],{},"It returns a file object. You use that object to read, write, or close the file.",[223,88214,88216],{"id":88215},"what-is-the-safest-way-to-use-open","What is the safest way to use open()?",[20,88218,88219,88220,88222],{},"Use it inside a ",[15,88221,86184],{}," block so the file closes automatically.",[223,88224,1497,88226,796,88228,88230],{"id":88225},"what-is-the-difference-between-w-and-a-mode",[15,88227,86580],{},[15,88229,17708],{}," mode?",[20,88232,88233,88235,88236,88238],{},[15,88234,86580],{}," overwrites the file. ",[15,88237,17708],{}," adds new content to the end.",[223,88240,88242],{"id":88241},"why-do-i-get-filenotfounderror-with-open","Why do I get FileNotFoundError with open()?",[20,88244,88245],{},"Usually the file path is wrong, the file does not exist, or your program is running from a different folder than you expect.",[223,88247,88249],{"id":88248},"should-i-always-set-encoding-when-opening-a-text-file","Should I always set encoding when opening a text file?",[20,88251,88252,88253,88255],{},"It is a good habit. ",[15,88254,86560],{}," is a safe default for many text files.",[134,88257,1514],{"id":1513},[147,88259,88260,88264,88268,88272,88276,88280,88284,88290],{},[150,88261,88262],{},[173,88263,87393],{"href":87392},[150,88265,88266],{},[173,88267,87598],{"href":87597},[150,88269,88270],{},[173,88271,87602],{"href":87601},[150,88273,88274],{},[173,88275,87397],{"href":87396},[150,88277,88278],{},[173,88279,87989],{"href":87988},[150,88281,88282],{},[173,88283,87821],{"href":87820},[150,88285,88286],{},[173,88287,87813,88288,87817],{"href":87812},[39,88289,87816],{},[150,88291,88292],{},[173,88293,87851,88294,87855],{"href":87850},[39,88295,87854],{},[1550,88297,88298],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":88300},[88301,88302,88303,88304,88305,88306,88307,88312,88313,88318,88324,88325,88326,88334],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":86267,"depth":83,"text":86268},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":86564,"depth":83,"text":86565},{"id":86828,"depth":83,"text":86829},{"id":86952,"depth":83,"text":86953},{"id":87135,"depth":83,"text":87136,"children":88308},[88309,88310,88311],{"id":87145,"depth":109,"text":87146},{"id":87224,"depth":109,"text":87225},{"id":87307,"depth":109,"text":87308},{"id":87400,"depth":83,"text":87401},{"id":87605,"depth":83,"text":87606,"children":88314},[88315,88316,88317],{"id":87612,"depth":109,"text":86560},{"id":87696,"depth":109,"text":87696},{"id":87707,"depth":109,"text":87707},{"id":87718,"depth":83,"text":87719,"children":88319},[88320,88321,88322,88323],{"id":87725,"depth":109,"text":87728},{"id":87824,"depth":109,"text":87827},{"id":87858,"depth":109,"text":87861},{"id":87941,"depth":109,"text":87944},{"id":87958,"depth":83,"text":87959},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":88327},[88328,88329,88330,88332,88333],{"id":88208,"depth":109,"text":88209},{"id":88215,"depth":109,"text":88216},{"id":88225,"depth":109,"text":88331},"What is the difference between \"w\" and \"a\" mode?",{"id":88241,"depth":109,"text":88242},{"id":88248,"depth":109,"text":88249},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python open function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained",{"title":86155,"description":88335},"reference\u002Fpython-open-function-explained","2NUk1nPkzgPoyQ-eW0tXGQJ5BkMh9G3DaGNf-J4gI50",{"id":88342,"title":88343,"body":88344,"description":90339,"extension":1587,"meta":90340,"navigation":420,"path":90341,"seo":90342,"stem":90343,"__hash__":90344},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained.md","Python print() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":88345,"toc":90286},[88346,88351,88356,88362,88364,88432,88434,88453,88458,88463,88468,88471,88483,88485,88528,88530,88548,88559,88561,88563,88588,88590,88601,88603,88663,88665,88691,88694,88698,88703,88707,88710,88744,88748,88751,88776,88780,88803,88807,88840,88845,88849,88854,88857,88925,88927,88951,88956,88959,88990,88992,89024,89041,89045,89050,89074,89081,89086,89091,89094,89098,89133,89135,89144,89148,89239,89241,89272,89277,89284,89289,89298,89301,89335,89337,89351,89355,89396,89398,89407,89411,89459,89461,89475,89480,89491,89498,89504,89506,89541,89543,89557,89560,89582,89588,89617,89628,89634,89640,89654,89656,89735,89737,89787,89794,89796,89801,89805,89808,89823,89828,89830,89849,89855,89858,89873,89875,89893,89899,89904,89934,89937,89960,89963,89990,89997,90003,90011,90034,90039,90047,90049,90069,90073,90079,90129,90132,90154,90156,90162,90170,90176,90182,90190,90195,90199,90202,90225,90230,90237,90249,90251,90283],[10,88347,3202,88349,3206],{"id":88348},"python-print-function-explained",[15,88350,46058],{},[20,88352,31931,88353,88355],{},[15,88354,46058],{}," function displays output in the terminal or console. It is one of the first functions beginners learn because it lets you show text, numbers, variable values, and calculation results.",[20,88357,88358,88359,88361],{},"This page explains the basic syntax of ",[15,88360,46058],{},", its most useful optional arguments, and common beginner mistakes.",[134,88363,1629],{"id":1628},[30,88365,88367],{"className":32,"code":88366,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Mia\"\nage = 12\n\nprint(name)\nprint(age)\nprint(\"Hello\", name)\n",[15,88368,88369,88381,88390,88394,88404,88414],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88370,88371,88373,88375,88377,88379],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88372,7493],{"class":45},[39,88374,50],{"class":49},[39,88376,255],{"class":243},[39,88378,7538],{"class":247},[39,88380,2983],{"class":243},[39,88382,88383,88385,88387],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88384,21240],{"class":45},[39,88386,50],{"class":49},[39,88388,88389],{"class":57}," 12\n",[39,88391,88392],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,88393,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,88395,88396,88398,88400,88402],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,88397,113],{"class":112},[39,88399,101],{"class":53},[39,88401,7285],{"class":97},[39,88403,80],{"class":53},[39,88405,88406,88408,88410,88412],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,88407,113],{"class":112},[39,88409,101],{"class":53},[39,88411,8911],{"class":97},[39,88413,80],{"class":53},[39,88415,88416,88418,88420,88422,88424,88426,88428,88430],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,88417,113],{"class":112},[39,88419,101],{"class":53},[39,88421,244],{"class":243},[39,88423,34482],{"class":247},[39,88425,244],{"class":243},[39,88427,61],{"class":53},[39,88429,35606],{"class":97},[39,88431,80],{"class":53},[20,88433,458],{},[30,88435,88437],{"className":32,"code":88436,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Mia\n12\nHello Mia\n",[15,88438,88439,88444,88448],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88440,88441],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88442,88443],{"class":45},"Mia\n",[39,88445,88446],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88447,1850],{"class":57},[39,88449,88450],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,88451,88452],{"class":45},"Hello Mia\n",[20,88454,128,88455,88457],{},[15,88456,46058],{}," to show text, numbers, and variable values on the screen.",[134,88459,137,88461,140],{"id":88460},"what-print-does",[15,88462,46058],{},[20,88464,88465,88467],{},[15,88466,46058],{}," sends output to the screen.",[20,88469,88470],{},"You can use it to display:",[147,88472,88473,88475,88477,88480],{},[150,88474,34323],{},[150,88476,992],{},[150,88478,88479],{},"variables",[150,88481,88482],{},"expressions",[20,88484,515],{},[30,88486,88488],{"className":32,"code":88487,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(5)\nprint(2 + 3)\n",[15,88489,88490,88504,88514],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88491,88492,88494,88496,88498,88500,88502],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88493,113],{"class":112},[39,88495,101],{"class":53},[39,88497,244],{"class":243},[39,88499,34482],{"class":247},[39,88501,244],{"class":243},[39,88503,80],{"class":53},[39,88505,88506,88508,88510,88512],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88507,113],{"class":112},[39,88509,101],{"class":53},[39,88511,1376],{"class":57},[39,88513,80],{"class":53},[39,88515,88516,88518,88520,88522,88524,88526],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,88517,113],{"class":112},[39,88519,101],{"class":53},[39,88521,104],{"class":57},[39,88523,2077],{"class":49},[39,88525,73],{"class":57},[39,88527,80],{"class":53},[20,88529,458],{},[30,88531,88533],{"className":32,"code":88532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello\n5\n5\n",[15,88534,88535,88540,88544],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88536,88537],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88538,88539],{"class":45},"Hello\n",[39,88541,88542],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88543,2569],{"class":57},[39,88545,88546],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,88547,2569],{"class":57},[20,88549,88550,88551,88553,88554,88558],{},"A very important detail is that ",[15,88552,46058],{}," ",[3367,88555,3315,88556],{},[15,88557,3403],{},". Its job is to display something, not to give you a value back.",[134,88560,1781],{"id":1780},[20,88562,30338],{},[30,88564,88566],{"className":32,"code":88565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(object1, object2, ...)\n",[15,88567,88568],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88569,88570,88572,88574,88577,88579,88582,88584,88586],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88571,113],{"class":112},[39,88573,101],{"class":53},[39,88575,88576],{"class":97},"object1",[39,88578,61],{"class":53},[39,88580,88581],{"class":97}," object2",[39,88583,61],{"class":53},[39,88585,34068],{"class":112},[39,88587,80],{"class":53},[20,88589,79793],{},[147,88591,88592,88595,88598],{},[150,88593,88594],{},"one value",[150,88596,88597],{},"many values",[150,88599,88600],{},"strings, numbers, variables, or expressions",[20,88602,515],{},[30,88604,88606],{"className":32,"code":88605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Apple\")\nprint(\"Score:\", 10)\nprint(\"Total:\", 4 + 6)\n",[15,88607,88608,88622,88641],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88609,88610,88612,88614,88616,88618,88620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88611,113],{"class":112},[39,88613,101],{"class":53},[39,88615,244],{"class":243},[39,88617,57365],{"class":247},[39,88619,244],{"class":243},[39,88621,80],{"class":53},[39,88623,88624,88626,88628,88630,88633,88635,88637,88639],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88625,113],{"class":112},[39,88627,101],{"class":53},[39,88629,244],{"class":243},[39,88631,88632],{"class":247},"Score:",[39,88634,244],{"class":243},[39,88636,61],{"class":53},[39,88638,692],{"class":57},[39,88640,80],{"class":53},[39,88642,88643,88645,88647,88649,88651,88653,88655,88657,88659,88661],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,88644,113],{"class":112},[39,88646,101],{"class":53},[39,88648,244],{"class":243},[39,88650,45170],{"class":247},[39,88652,244],{"class":243},[39,88654,61],{"class":53},[39,88656,2080],{"class":57},[39,88658,2077],{"class":49},[39,88660,37256],{"class":57},[39,88662,80],{"class":53},[20,88664,458],{},[30,88666,88668],{"className":32,"code":88667,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Apple\nScore: 10\nTotal: 10\n",[15,88669,88670,88674,88683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88671,88672],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88673,84946],{"class":45},[39,88675,88676,88679,88681],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88677,88678],{"class":45},"Score",[39,88680,145],{"class":53},[39,88682,2209],{"class":57},[39,88684,88685,88687,88689],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,88686,45210],{"class":45},[39,88688,145],{"class":53},[39,88690,2209],{"class":57},[20,88692,88693],{},"In Python 3, the parentheses are required.",[134,88695,88697],{"id":88696},"printing-different-kinds-of-values","Printing different kinds of values",[20,88699,88700,88701,94],{},"You can print several kinds of data with ",[15,88702,46058],{},[223,88704,88706],{"id":88705},"print-text","Print text",[20,88708,88709],{},"Text must be inside quotes.",[30,88711,88713],{"className":32,"code":88712,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"Python is fun\")\n",[15,88714,88715,88729],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88716,88717,88719,88721,88723,88725,88727],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88718,113],{"class":112},[39,88720,101],{"class":53},[39,88722,244],{"class":243},[39,88724,34482],{"class":247},[39,88726,244],{"class":243},[39,88728,80],{"class":53},[39,88730,88731,88733,88735,88737,88740,88742],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88732,113],{"class":112},[39,88734,101],{"class":53},[39,88736,244],{"class":243},[39,88738,88739],{"class":247},"Python is fun",[39,88741,244],{"class":243},[39,88743,80],{"class":53},[223,88745,88747],{"id":88746},"print-numbers","Print numbers",[20,88749,88750],{},"Numbers do not use quotes.",[30,88752,88754],{"className":32,"code":88753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(5)\nprint(3.14)\n",[15,88755,88756,88766],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88757,88758,88760,88762,88764],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88759,113],{"class":112},[39,88761,101],{"class":53},[39,88763,1376],{"class":57},[39,88765,80],{"class":53},[39,88767,88768,88770,88772,88774],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88769,113],{"class":112},[39,88771,101],{"class":53},[39,88773,39754],{"class":57},[39,88775,80],{"class":53},[223,88777,88779],{"id":88778},"print-variables","Print variables",[30,88781,88783],{"className":32,"code":88782,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"score = 99\nprint(score)\n",[15,88784,88785,88793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88786,88787,88789,88791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88788,4718],{"class":45},[39,88790,50],{"class":49},[39,88792,13741],{"class":57},[39,88794,88795,88797,88799,88801],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88796,113],{"class":112},[39,88798,101],{"class":53},[39,88800,85110],{"class":97},[39,88802,80],{"class":53},[223,88804,88806],{"id":88805},"print-expressions","Print expressions",[30,88808,88810],{"className":32,"code":88809,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(2 + 3)\nprint(10 * 4)\n",[15,88811,88812,88826],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88813,88814,88816,88818,88820,88822,88824],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88815,113],{"class":112},[39,88817,101],{"class":53},[39,88819,104],{"class":57},[39,88821,2077],{"class":49},[39,88823,73],{"class":57},[39,88825,80],{"class":53},[39,88827,88828,88830,88832,88834,88836,88838],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88829,113],{"class":112},[39,88831,101],{"class":53},[39,88833,682],{"class":57},[39,88835,82422],{"class":49},[39,88837,2080],{"class":57},[39,88839,80],{"class":53},[20,88841,88842,88843,94],{},"If you are not sure what counts as text, see ",[173,88844,50582],{"href":50581},[134,88846,88848],{"id":88847},"using-multiple-arguments","Using multiple arguments",[20,88850,88851,88853],{},[15,88852,46058],{}," can take more than one argument.",[20,88855,88856],{},"By default, Python places a space between them. This is often the easiest way to combine labels and variable values.",[30,88858,88860],{"className":32,"code":88859,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Ava\"\nage = 10\n\nprint(\"Name:\", name)\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88861,88862,88875,88883,88887,88906],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88863,88864,88866,88868,88870,88873],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88865,7493],{"class":45},[39,88867,50],{"class":49},[39,88869,255],{"class":243},[39,88871,88872],{"class":247},"Ava",[39,88874,2983],{"class":243},[39,88876,88877,88879,88881],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88878,21240],{"class":45},[39,88880,50],{"class":49},[39,88882,2209],{"class":57},[39,88884,88885],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,88886,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,88888,88889,88891,88893,88895,88898,88900,88902,88904],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,88890,113],{"class":112},[39,88892,101],{"class":53},[39,88894,244],{"class":243},[39,88896,88897],{"class":247},"Name:",[39,88899,244],{"class":243},[39,88901,61],{"class":53},[39,88903,35606],{"class":97},[39,88905,80],{"class":53},[39,88907,88908,88910,88912,88914,88917,88919,88921,88923],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,88909,113],{"class":112},[39,88911,101],{"class":53},[39,88913,244],{"class":243},[39,88915,88916],{"class":247},"Age:",[39,88918,244],{"class":243},[39,88920,61],{"class":53},[39,88922,8801],{"class":97},[39,88924,80],{"class":53},[20,88926,458],{},[30,88928,88930],{"className":32,"code":88929,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Name: Ava\nAge: 10\n",[15,88931,88932,88942],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88933,88934,88937,88939],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88935,88936],{"class":45},"Name",[39,88938,145],{"class":53},[39,88940,88941],{"class":45}," Ava\n",[39,88943,88944,88947,88949],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88945,88946],{"class":45},"Age",[39,88948,145],{"class":53},[39,88950,2209],{"class":57},[20,88952,88953,88954,94],{},"This is usually easier for beginners than joining values with ",[15,88955,1684],{},[20,88957,88958],{},"For example, this works:",[30,88960,88962],{"className":32,"code":88961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,88963,88964,88972],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88965,88966,88968,88970],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,88967,21240],{"class":45},[39,88969,50],{"class":49},[39,88971,2209],{"class":57},[39,88973,88974,88976,88978,88980,88982,88984,88986,88988],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,88975,113],{"class":112},[39,88977,101],{"class":53},[39,88979,244],{"class":243},[39,88981,88916],{"class":247},[39,88983,244],{"class":243},[39,88985,61],{"class":53},[39,88987,8801],{"class":97},[39,88989,80],{"class":53},[20,88991,36540],{},[30,88993,88995],{"className":32,"code":88994,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 10\nprint(\"Age: \" + age)\n",[15,88996,88997,89005],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,88998,88999,89001,89003],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89000,21240],{"class":45},[39,89002,50],{"class":49},[39,89004,2209],{"class":57},[39,89006,89007,89009,89011,89013,89016,89018,89020,89022],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89008,113],{"class":112},[39,89010,101],{"class":53},[39,89012,244],{"class":243},[39,89014,89015],{"class":247},"Age: ",[39,89017,244],{"class":243},[39,89019,2077],{"class":49},[39,89021,8801],{"class":97},[39,89023,80],{"class":53},[20,89025,89026,89027,89030,89031,89033,89034,89036,89037,94],{},"That fails because ",[15,89028,89029],{},"\"Age: \""," is a string and ",[15,89032,8911],{}," is an integer. If you want to combine them with ",[15,89035,1684],{},", you must first convert the number with ",[173,89038,89039],{"href":41783},[15,89040,47289],{},[134,89042,89044],{"id":89043},"important-optional-arguments","Important optional arguments",[20,89046,89047,89049],{},[15,89048,46058],{}," has a few optional arguments that are especially useful:",[147,89051,89052,89058,89063,89068],{},[150,89053,89054,89057],{},[15,89055,89056],{},"sep"," controls what goes between multiple values",[150,89059,89060,89062],{},[15,89061,52263],{}," controls what is added after the output",[150,89064,89065,89067],{},[15,89066,86332],{}," sends output to a file-like object",[150,89069,89070,89073],{},[15,89071,89072],{},"flush"," forces output to appear immediately",[20,89075,89076,89077,796,89079,94],{},"The most important ones for beginners are ",[15,89078,89056],{},[15,89080,52263],{},[134,89082,89084,36229],{"id":89083},"sep-argument",[15,89085,89056],{},[20,89087,1604,89088,89090],{},[15,89089,89056],{}," argument changes the separator between multiple printed values.",[20,89092,89093],{},"The default separator is a single space.",[223,89095,89097],{"id":89096},"default-behavior","Default behavior",[30,89099,89101],{"className":32,"code":89100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n",[15,89102,89103],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89104,89105,89107,89109,89111,89113,89115,89117,89119,89121,89123,89125,89127,89129,89131],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89106,113],{"class":112},[39,89108,101],{"class":53},[39,89110,244],{"class":243},[39,89112,248],{"class":247},[39,89114,244],{"class":243},[39,89116,61],{"class":53},[39,89118,255],{"class":243},[39,89120,275],{"class":247},[39,89122,244],{"class":243},[39,89124,61],{"class":53},[39,89126,255],{"class":243},[39,89128,258],{"class":247},[39,89130,244],{"class":243},[39,89132,80],{"class":53},[20,89134,458],{},[30,89136,89138],{"className":32,"code":89137,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red green blue\n",[15,89139,89140],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89141,89142],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89143,89137],{"class":45},[223,89145,89147],{"id":89146},"custom-separator","Custom separator",[30,89149,89151],{"className":32,"code":89150,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\",\")\nprint(\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", sep=\" - \")\n",[15,89152,89153,89196],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89154,89155,89157,89159,89161,89163,89165,89167,89169,89171,89173,89175,89177,89179,89181,89183,89186,89188,89190,89192,89194],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89156,113],{"class":112},[39,89158,101],{"class":53},[39,89160,244],{"class":243},[39,89162,248],{"class":247},[39,89164,244],{"class":243},[39,89166,61],{"class":53},[39,89168,255],{"class":243},[39,89170,275],{"class":247},[39,89172,244],{"class":243},[39,89174,61],{"class":53},[39,89176,255],{"class":243},[39,89178,258],{"class":247},[39,89180,244],{"class":243},[39,89182,61],{"class":53},[39,89184,89185],{"class":8788}," sep",[39,89187,50],{"class":49},[39,89189,244],{"class":243},[39,89191,61],{"class":247},[39,89193,244],{"class":243},[39,89195,80],{"class":53},[39,89197,89198,89200,89202,89204,89206,89208,89210,89212,89214,89216,89218,89220,89222,89224,89226,89228,89230,89232,89235,89237],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89199,113],{"class":112},[39,89201,101],{"class":53},[39,89203,244],{"class":243},[39,89205,248],{"class":247},[39,89207,244],{"class":243},[39,89209,61],{"class":53},[39,89211,255],{"class":243},[39,89213,275],{"class":247},[39,89215,244],{"class":243},[39,89217,61],{"class":53},[39,89219,255],{"class":243},[39,89221,258],{"class":247},[39,89223,244],{"class":243},[39,89225,61],{"class":53},[39,89227,89185],{"class":8788},[39,89229,50],{"class":49},[39,89231,244],{"class":243},[39,89233,89234],{"class":247}," - ",[39,89236,244],{"class":243},[39,89238,80],{"class":53},[20,89240,458],{},[30,89242,89244],{"className":32,"code":89243,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red,green,blue\nred - green - blue\n",[15,89245,89246,89258],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89247,89248,89250,89252,89254,89256],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89249,248],{"class":45},[39,89251,61],{"class":53},[39,89253,275],{"class":45},[39,89255,61],{"class":53},[39,89257,69572],{"class":45},[39,89259,89260,89263,89265,89268,89270],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89261,89262],{"class":45},"red ",[39,89264,1648],{"class":49},[39,89266,89267],{"class":45}," green ",[39,89269,1648],{"class":49},[39,89271,35495],{"class":45},[20,89273,89274,89276],{},[15,89275,89056],{}," only matters when you print more than one argument.",[20,89278,89279,89280,94],{},"This is useful for simple formatting without building one long string yourself. If you want more control over formatting, see ",[173,89281,89283],{"href":89282},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-format-strings-in-python\u002F","how to format strings in Python",[134,89285,89287,36229],{"id":89286},"end-argument",[15,89288,52263],{},[20,89290,89291,89292,89294,89295,89297],{},"By default, ",[15,89293,46058],{}," ends with a newline. That means the next ",[15,89296,46058],{}," starts on a new line.",[223,89299,89097],{"id":89300},"default-behavior-1",[30,89302,89304],{"className":32,"code":89303,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89305,89306,89320],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89307,89308,89310,89312,89314,89316,89318],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89309,113],{"class":112},[39,89311,101],{"class":53},[39,89313,244],{"class":243},[39,89315,34482],{"class":247},[39,89317,244],{"class":243},[39,89319,80],{"class":53},[39,89321,89322,89324,89326,89328,89331,89333],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89323,113],{"class":112},[39,89325,101],{"class":53},[39,89327,244],{"class":243},[39,89329,89330],{"class":247},"World",[39,89332,244],{"class":243},[39,89334,80],{"class":53},[20,89336,458],{},[30,89338,89340],{"className":32,"code":89339,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello\nWorld\n",[15,89341,89342,89346],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89343,89344],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89345,88539],{"class":45},[39,89347,89348],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89349,89350],{"class":45},"World\n",[223,89352,89354],{"id":89353},"stay-on-the-same-line","Stay on the same line",[30,89356,89358],{"className":32,"code":89357,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89359,89360,89382],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89361,89362,89364,89366,89368,89370,89372,89374,89376,89378,89380],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89363,113],{"class":112},[39,89365,101],{"class":53},[39,89367,244],{"class":243},[39,89369,34482],{"class":247},[39,89371,244],{"class":243},[39,89373,61],{"class":53},[39,89375,64632],{"class":8788},[39,89377,50],{"class":49},[39,89379,5887],{"class":243},[39,89381,80],{"class":53},[39,89383,89384,89386,89388,89390,89392,89394],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89385,113],{"class":112},[39,89387,101],{"class":53},[39,89389,244],{"class":243},[39,89391,89330],{"class":247},[39,89393,244],{"class":243},[39,89395,80],{"class":53},[20,89397,458],{},[30,89399,89401],{"className":32,"code":89400,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"HelloWorld\n",[15,89402,89403],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89404,89405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89406,89400],{"class":45},[223,89408,89410],{"id":89409},"add-a-custom-ending","Add a custom ending",[30,89412,89414],{"className":32,"code":89413,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\", end=\"!\\n\")\nprint(\"World\")\n",[15,89415,89416,89445],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89417,89418,89420,89422,89424,89426,89428,89430,89432,89434,89436,89439,89441,89443],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89419,113],{"class":112},[39,89421,101],{"class":53},[39,89423,244],{"class":243},[39,89425,34482],{"class":247},[39,89427,244],{"class":243},[39,89429,61],{"class":53},[39,89431,64632],{"class":8788},[39,89433,50],{"class":49},[39,89435,244],{"class":243},[39,89437,89438],{"class":247},"!",[39,89440,86743],{"class":34067},[39,89442,244],{"class":243},[39,89444,80],{"class":53},[39,89446,89447,89449,89451,89453,89455,89457],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89448,113],{"class":112},[39,89450,101],{"class":53},[39,89452,244],{"class":243},[39,89454,89330],{"class":247},[39,89456,244],{"class":243},[39,89458,80],{"class":53},[20,89460,458],{},[30,89462,89464],{"className":32,"code":89463,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello!\nWorld\n",[15,89465,89466,89471],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89467,89468],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89469,89470],{"class":45},"Hello!\n",[39,89472,89473],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89474,89350],{"class":45},[20,89476,1604,89477,89479],{},[15,89478,52263],{}," argument is useful for:",[147,89481,89482,89485,89488],{},[150,89483,89484],{},"progress messages",[150,89486,89487],{},"inline output",[150,89489,89490],{},"custom punctuation at the end of printed text",[134,89492,89494,476,89496],{"id":89493},"print-returns-none",[15,89495,46058],{},[15,89497,3403],{},[20,89499,89500,89501,89503],{},"A common beginner mistake is expecting ",[15,89502,46058],{}," to return the text it shows.",[20,89505,515],{},[30,89507,89509],{"className":32,"code":89508,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = print(\"Hi\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,89510,89511,89531],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89512,89513,89515,89517,89520,89522,89524,89527,89529],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89514,86],{"class":45},[39,89516,50],{"class":49},[39,89518,89519],{"class":112}," print",[39,89521,101],{"class":53},[39,89523,244],{"class":243},[39,89525,89526],{"class":247},"Hi",[39,89528,244],{"class":243},[39,89530,80],{"class":53},[39,89532,89533,89535,89537,89539],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89534,113],{"class":112},[39,89536,101],{"class":53},[39,89538,118],{"class":97},[39,89540,80],{"class":53},[20,89542,458],{},[30,89544,89546],{"className":32,"code":89545,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hi\nNone\n",[15,89547,89548,89553],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89549,89550],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89551,89552],{"class":45},"Hi\n",[39,89554,89555],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89556,11420],{"class":3477},[20,89558,89559],{},"Why does this happen?",[147,89561,89562,89570,89575],{},[150,89563,89564,89567,89568],{},[15,89565,89566],{},"print(\"Hi\")"," displays ",[15,89569,89526],{},[150,89571,89572,89573],{},"but the function itself returns ",[15,89574,3403],{},[150,89576,89577,89578,11531,89580],{},"so ",[15,89579,118],{},[15,89581,3403],{},[20,89583,89584,89585,89587],{},"If you need to keep a value, assign the value itself instead of the ",[15,89586,46058],{}," call.",[30,89589,89591],{"className":32,"code":89590,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"Hi\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,89592,89593,89606],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89594,89595,89598,89600,89602,89604],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89596,89597],{"class":45},"message ",[39,89599,50],{"class":49},[39,89601,255],{"class":243},[39,89603,89526],{"class":247},[39,89605,2983],{"class":243},[39,89607,89608,89610,89612,89615],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89609,113],{"class":112},[39,89611,101],{"class":53},[39,89613,89614],{"class":97},"message",[39,89616,80],{"class":53},[20,89618,89619,89620,89622,89623,89627],{},"This idea becomes clearer when you compare ",[15,89621,46058],{}," with functions like ",[173,89624,89625],{"href":7835},[15,89626,2580],{},", which do return a value.",[134,89629,89631,89632],{"id":89630},"when-beginners-use-print","When beginners use ",[15,89633,46058],{},[20,89635,89636,89637,89639],{},"Beginners use ",[15,89638,46058],{}," in many simple but important ways:",[147,89641,89642,89645,89648,89651],{},[150,89643,89644],{},"to display results to the user",[150,89646,89647],{},"to show messages in a script",[150,89649,89650],{},"to check variable values while debugging",[150,89652,89653],{},"to inspect loops and function behavior",[20,89655,515],{},[30,89657,89659],{"className":32,"code":89658,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"total = 0\n\nfor number in range(1, 4):\n    total += number\n    print(\"Current number:\", number, \"Total:\", total)\n",[15,89660,89661,89669,89673,89693,89704],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89662,89663,89665,89667],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89664,40792],{"class":45},[39,89666,50],{"class":49},[39,89668,38123],{"class":57},[39,89670,89671],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89672,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,89674,89675,89677,89679,89681,89683,89685,89687,89689,89691],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,89676,5574],{"class":572},[39,89678,6002],{"class":45},[39,89680,1128],{"class":572},[39,89682,53672],{"class":112},[39,89684,101],{"class":53},[39,89686,58],{"class":57},[39,89688,61],{"class":53},[39,89690,2080],{"class":57},[39,89692,7958],{"class":53},[39,89694,89695,89698,89701],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,89696,89697],{"class":45},"    total ",[39,89699,89700],{"class":49},"+=",[39,89702,89703],{"class":45}," number\n",[39,89705,89706,89708,89710,89712,89715,89717,89719,89721,89723,89725,89727,89729,89731,89733],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,89707,603],{"class":112},[39,89709,101],{"class":53},[39,89711,244],{"class":243},[39,89713,89714],{"class":247},"Current number:",[39,89716,244],{"class":243},[39,89718,61],{"class":53},[39,89720,1822],{"class":97},[39,89722,61],{"class":53},[39,89724,255],{"class":243},[39,89726,45170],{"class":247},[39,89728,244],{"class":243},[39,89730,61],{"class":53},[39,89732,45177],{"class":97},[39,89734,80],{"class":53},[20,89736,458],{},[30,89738,89740],{"className":32,"code":89739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Current number: 1 Total: 1\nCurrent number: 2 Total: 3\nCurrent number: 3 Total: 6\n",[15,89741,89742,89758,89772],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89743,89744,89747,89749,89751,89754,89756],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89745,89746],{"class":45},"Current number",[39,89748,145],{"class":53},[39,89750,595],{"class":57},[39,89752,89753],{"class":45}," Total",[39,89755,145],{"class":53},[39,89757,29227],{"class":57},[39,89759,89760,89762,89764,89766,89768,89770],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89761,89746],{"class":45},[39,89763,145],{"class":53},[39,89765,64],{"class":57},[39,89767,89753],{"class":45},[39,89769,145],{"class":53},[39,89771,2199],{"class":57},[39,89773,89774,89776,89778,89780,89782,89784],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,89775,89746],{"class":45},[39,89777,145],{"class":53},[39,89779,73],{"class":57},[39,89781,89753],{"class":45},[39,89783,145],{"class":53},[39,89785,89786],{"class":57}," 6\n",[20,89788,89789,89790,94],{},"This kind of output is very helpful when you are trying to understand what your code is doing. For more debugging help, see ",[173,89791,89793],{"href":89792},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-debug-python-code-beginner-guide\u002F","how to debug Python code",[134,89795,944],{"id":943},[20,89797,89798,89799,94],{},"Here are some common beginner problems when using ",[15,89800,46058],{},[223,89802,89804],{"id":89803},"forgetting-quotes-around-text","Forgetting quotes around text",[20,89806,89807],{},"This causes Python to think the word is a variable name.",[30,89809,89811],{"className":32,"code":89810,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(Hello)\n",[15,89812,89813],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89814,89815,89817,89819,89821],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89816,113],{"class":112},[39,89818,101],{"class":53},[39,89820,34482],{"class":97},[39,89822,80],{"class":53},[20,89824,8487,89825,89827],{},[15,89826,34482],{}," is not defined, Python raises an error.",[20,89829,10420],{},[30,89831,89833],{"className":32,"code":89832,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,89834,89835],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89836,89837,89839,89841,89843,89845,89847],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89838,113],{"class":112},[39,89840,101],{"class":53},[39,89842,244],{"class":243},[39,89844,34482],{"class":247},[39,89846,244],{"class":243},[39,89848,80],{"class":53},[223,89850,948,89852,89854],{"id":89851},"using-print-without-parentheses-in-python-3",[15,89853,113],{}," without parentheses in Python 3",[20,89856,89857],{},"This is incorrect in Python 3:",[30,89859,89861],{"className":32,"code":89860,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print \"Hello\"\n",[15,89862,89863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89864,89865,89867,89869,89871],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89866,113],{"class":112},[39,89868,255],{"class":243},[39,89870,34482],{"class":247},[39,89872,2983],{"class":243},[20,89874,10420],{},[30,89876,89877],{"className":32,"code":89832,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,89878,89879],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89880,89881,89883,89885,89887,89889,89891],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89882,113],{"class":112},[39,89884,101],{"class":53},[39,89886,244],{"class":243},[39,89888,34482],{"class":247},[39,89890,244],{"class":243},[39,89892,80],{"class":53},[223,89894,89896,89897],{"id":89895},"trying-to-join-strings-and-numbers-with","Trying to join strings and numbers with ",[15,89898,1684],{},[20,89900,89901,89902,94],{},"This causes a ",[15,89903,2627],{},[30,89905,89906],{"className":32,"code":88994,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,89907,89908,89916],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89909,89910,89912,89914],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89911,21240],{"class":45},[39,89913,50],{"class":49},[39,89915,2209],{"class":57},[39,89917,89918,89920,89922,89924,89926,89928,89930,89932],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,89919,113],{"class":112},[39,89921,101],{"class":53},[39,89923,244],{"class":243},[39,89925,89015],{"class":247},[39,89927,244],{"class":243},[39,89929,2077],{"class":49},[39,89931,8801],{"class":97},[39,89933,80],{"class":53},[20,89935,89936],{},"Fix it by using multiple arguments:",[30,89938,89940],{"className":32,"code":89939,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Age:\", age)\n",[15,89941,89942],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89943,89944,89946,89948,89950,89952,89954,89956,89958],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89945,113],{"class":112},[39,89947,101],{"class":53},[39,89949,244],{"class":243},[39,89951,88916],{"class":247},[39,89953,244],{"class":243},[39,89955,61],{"class":53},[39,89957,8801],{"class":97},[39,89959,80],{"class":53},[20,89961,89962],{},"Or convert the number first:",[30,89964,89966],{"className":32,"code":89965,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Age: \" + str(age))\n",[15,89967,89968],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,89969,89970,89972,89974,89976,89978,89980,89982,89984,89986,89988],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,89971,113],{"class":112},[39,89973,101],{"class":53},[39,89975,244],{"class":243},[39,89977,89015],{"class":247},[39,89979,244],{"class":243},[39,89981,2077],{"class":49},[39,89983,48510],{"class":2523},[39,89985,101],{"class":53},[39,89987,8911],{"class":97},[39,89989,1026],{"class":53},[20,89991,89992,89993,94],{},"If you see this error, read ",[173,89994,89996],{"href":89995},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-can-only-concatenate-str-not-int-to-str-fix\u002F","TypeError: can only concatenate str not int to str",[223,89998,1030,90000,90002],{"id":89999},"expecting-print-to-return-a-value",[15,90001,46058],{}," to return a value",[20,90004,90005,90006,34945,90009,145],{},"This does not store ",[15,90007,90008],{},"\"Hello\"",[15,90010,118],{},[30,90012,90014],{"className":32,"code":90013,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,90015,90016],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90017,90018,90020,90022,90024,90026,90028,90030,90032],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90019,86],{"class":45},[39,90021,50],{"class":49},[39,90023,89519],{"class":112},[39,90025,101],{"class":53},[39,90027,244],{"class":243},[39,90029,34482],{"class":247},[39,90031,244],{"class":243},[39,90033,80],{"class":53},[20,90035,90036,90037,94],{},"It stores ",[15,90038,3403],{},[223,90040,90042,90043,796,90045],{"id":90041},"misunderstanding-sep-and-end","Misunderstanding ",[15,90044,89056],{},[15,90046,52263],{},[20,90048,85402],{},[147,90050,90051,90060],{},[150,90052,90053,90055,90056,90059],{},[15,90054,89056],{}," changes what goes ",[3367,90057,90058],{},"between"," multiple values",[150,90061,90062,90064,90065,90068],{},[15,90063,52263],{}," changes what appears ",[3367,90066,90067],{},"after"," the output",[134,90070,90072],{"id":90071},"useful-debugging-commands","Useful debugging commands",[20,90074,90075,90076,90078],{},"These simple ",[15,90077,46058],{}," examples can help you inspect your code:",[30,90080,90082],{"className":32,"code":90081,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)\nprint(type(variable_name))\nhelp(print)\n",[15,90083,90084,90104,90119],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90085,90086,90088,90090,90092,90095,90097,90099,90102],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90087,113],{"class":112},[39,90089,101],{"class":53},[39,90091,244],{"class":243},[39,90093,90094],{"class":247},"Debug:",[39,90096,244],{"class":243},[39,90098,61],{"class":53},[39,90100,90101],{"class":97}," variable_name",[39,90103,80],{"class":53},[39,90105,90106,90108,90110,90112,90114,90117],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,90107,113],{"class":112},[39,90109,101],{"class":53},[39,90111,2845],{"class":2523},[39,90113,101],{"class":53},[39,90115,90116],{"class":97},"variable_name",[39,90118,1026],{"class":53},[39,90120,90121,90123,90125,90127],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,90122,31766],{"class":112},[39,90124,101],{"class":53},[39,90126,113],{"class":112},[39,90128,80],{"class":53},[20,90130,90131],{},"What they do:",[147,90133,90134,90140,90146],{},[150,90135,90136,90139],{},[15,90137,90138],{},"print(\"Debug:\", variable_name)"," shows the current value",[150,90141,90142,90145],{},[15,90143,90144],{},"print(type(variable_name))"," shows the value's type",[150,90147,90148,90151,90152],{},[15,90149,90150],{},"help(print)"," shows Python's built-in help for ",[15,90153,46058],{},[134,90155,1454],{"id":1453},[223,90157,1468,90159,90161],{"id":90158},"does-print-add-a-new-line-automatically",[15,90160,46058],{}," add a new line automatically?",[20,90163,90164,90165,90167,90168,36235],{},"Yes. By default, ",[15,90166,46058],{}," ends with a newline. You can change this with the ",[15,90169,52263],{},[223,90171,1487,90173,90175],{"id":90172},"can-print-show-more-than-one-value",[15,90174,46058],{}," show more than one value?",[20,90177,90178,90179,90181],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple arguments, and ",[15,90180,46058],{}," separates them with a space by default.",[223,90183,922,90185,926,90188,929],{"id":90184},"why-does-printhello-return-none",[15,90186,90187],{},"print(\"Hello\")",[15,90189,3403],{},[20,90191,28673,90192,90194],{},[15,90193,46058],{}," is used for displaying output, not for returning data.",[223,90196,90198],{"id":90197},"how-do-i-print-text-and-a-number-together","How do I print text and a number together?",[20,90200,90201],{},"Use multiple arguments:",[30,90203,90205],{"className":32,"code":90204,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"Age:\", 10)\n",[15,90206,90207],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90208,90209,90211,90213,90215,90217,90219,90221,90223],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90210,113],{"class":112},[39,90212,101],{"class":53},[39,90214,244],{"class":243},[39,90216,88916],{"class":247},[39,90218,244],{"class":243},[39,90220,61],{"class":53},[39,90222,692],{"class":57},[39,90224,80],{"class":53},[20,90226,90227,90228,39540],{},"You can also convert the number with ",[15,90229,47289],{},[223,90231,1497,90233,796,90235,929],{"id":90232},"what-is-the-difference-between-sep-and-end",[15,90234,89056],{},[15,90236,52263],{},[147,90238,90239,90244],{},[150,90240,90241,90243],{},[15,90242,89056],{}," changes the separator between multiple values",[150,90245,90246,90248],{},[15,90247,52263],{}," changes what appears after the output",[134,90250,1514],{"id":1513},[147,90252,90253,90257,90263,90269,90274,90279],{},[150,90254,90255],{},[173,90256,50582],{"href":50581},[150,90258,90259],{},[173,90260,3202,90261,3135],{"href":7835},[15,90262,2580],{},[150,90264,90265],{},[173,90266,3202,90267,3135],{"href":41783},[15,90268,47289],{},[150,90270,90271],{},[173,90272,90273],{"href":89282},"How to format strings in Python",[150,90275,90276],{},[173,90277,90278],{"href":89792},"How to debug Python code",[150,90280,90281],{},[173,90282,89996],{"href":89995},[1550,90284,90285],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":90287},[90288,90289,90291,90292,90298,90299,90300,90305,90311,90313,90315,90326,90327,90338],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":88460,"depth":83,"text":90290},"What print() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":88696,"depth":83,"text":88697,"children":90293},[90294,90295,90296,90297],{"id":88705,"depth":109,"text":88706},{"id":88746,"depth":109,"text":88747},{"id":88778,"depth":109,"text":88779},{"id":88805,"depth":109,"text":88806},{"id":88847,"depth":83,"text":88848},{"id":89043,"depth":83,"text":89044},{"id":89083,"depth":83,"text":90301,"children":90302},"sep argument",[90303,90304],{"id":89096,"depth":109,"text":89097},{"id":89146,"depth":109,"text":89147},{"id":89286,"depth":83,"text":90306,"children":90307},"end argument",[90308,90309,90310],{"id":89300,"depth":109,"text":89097},{"id":89353,"depth":109,"text":89354},{"id":89409,"depth":109,"text":89410},{"id":89493,"depth":83,"text":90312},"print() returns None",{"id":89630,"depth":83,"text":90314},"When beginners use print()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":90316},[90317,90318,90320,90322,90324],{"id":89803,"depth":109,"text":89804},{"id":89851,"depth":109,"text":90319},"Using print without parentheses in Python 3",{"id":89895,"depth":109,"text":90321},"Trying to join strings and numbers with +",{"id":89999,"depth":109,"text":90323},"Expecting print() to return a value",{"id":90041,"depth":109,"text":90325},"Misunderstanding sep and end",{"id":90071,"depth":83,"text":90072},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":90328},[90329,90331,90333,90335,90336],{"id":90158,"depth":109,"text":90330},"Does print() add a new line automatically?",{"id":90172,"depth":109,"text":90332},"Can print() show more than one value?",{"id":90184,"depth":109,"text":90334},"Why does print(\"Hello\") return None?",{"id":90197,"depth":109,"text":90198},{"id":90232,"depth":109,"text":90337},"What is the difference between sep and end?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python print function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained",{"title":88343,"description":90339},"reference\u002Fpython-print-function-explained","ahZWQtbTzoCwOmu5w2Uese6Ncgk-ftfLLIvMyuu3nQc",{"id":90346,"title":90347,"body":90348,"description":92652,"extension":1587,"meta":92653,"navigation":420,"path":92654,"seo":92655,"stem":92656,"__hash__":92657},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained.md","Python range() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":90349,"toc":92598},[90350,90355,90360,90373,90375,90440,90451,90456,90461,90463,90486,90489,90520,90522,90539,90544,90550,90555,90604,90607,90624,90630,90635,90658,90660,90688,90694,90702,90729,90731,90756,90762,90765,90796,90798,90827,90831,90834,90839,90861,90863,90891,90897,90903,90929,90931,90955,90961,90967,90997,90999,91027,91037,91041,91047,91080,91082,91111,91114,91117,91150,91152,91160,91166,91168,91191,91196,91205,91210,91224,91226,91266,91268,91298,91302,91337,91343,91347,91391,91393,91423,91429,91432,91511,91513,91535,91543,91546,91609,91617,91692,91698,91705,91710,91715,91738,91740,91761,91763,91776,91778,91825,91827,91866,91875,91877,91881,91885,91888,91915,91918,91947,91950,91974,91977,91985,91991,92013,92015,92043,92047,92052,92107,92112,92114,92171,92178,92187,92190,92222,92224,92232,92235,92241,92243,92266,92269,92275,92278,92297,92299,92318,92321,92343,92345,92373,92377,92381,92486,92488,92501,92503,92509,92512,92520,92525,92531,92537,92542,92550,92556,92563,92565,92595],[10,90351,3202,90353,3206],{"id":90352},"python-range-function-explained",[15,90354,35812],{},[20,90356,31931,90357,90359],{},[15,90358,35812],{}," function creates a sequence of numbers.",[20,90361,90362,90363,90365,90366,90368,90369,90372],{},"Beginners usually use it in ",[15,90364,5574],{}," loops to repeat something a certain number of times or to work with number patterns. A very important detail is that ",[15,90367,35812],{}," stops ",[3367,90370,90371],{},"before"," the end value.",[134,90374,1629],{"id":1628},[30,90376,90378],{"className":32,"code":90377,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n\n# Output:\n# 0\n# 1\n# 2\n# 3\n# 4\n",[15,90379,90380,90396,90406,90410,90415,90420,90425,90430,90435],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90381,90382,90384,90386,90388,90390,90392,90394],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90383,5574],{"class":572},[39,90385,69139],{"class":45},[39,90387,1128],{"class":572},[39,90389,53672],{"class":112},[39,90391,101],{"class":53},[39,90393,1376],{"class":57},[39,90395,7958],{"class":53},[39,90397,90398,90400,90402,90404],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,90399,603],{"class":112},[39,90401,101],{"class":53},[39,90403,35768],{"class":97},[39,90405,80],{"class":53},[39,90407,90408],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,90409,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,90411,90412],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,90413,90414],{"class":124},"# Output:\n",[39,90416,90417],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,90418,90419],{"class":124},"# 0\n",[39,90421,90422],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,90423,90424],{"class":124},"# 1\n",[39,90426,90427],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,90428,90429],{"class":124},"# 2\n",[39,90431,90432],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,90433,90434],{"class":124},"# 3\n",[39,90436,90437],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,90438,90439],{"class":124},"# 4\n",[20,90441,90442,90445,90446,90448,90449,94],{},[15,90443,90444],{},"range(5)"," creates numbers starting at ",[15,90447,221],{}," and stopping before ",[15,90450,1376],{},[134,90452,137,90454,140],{"id":90453},"what-range-does",[15,90455,35812],{},[20,90457,90458,90460],{},[15,90459,35812],{}," is used to generate numbers in order.",[20,90462,12664],{},[147,90464,90465,90470,90476,90481],{},[150,90466,90467,90469],{},[15,90468,35812],{}," creates a sequence of numbers",[150,90471,90472,90473,90475],{},"It is commonly used with ",[15,90474,5574],{}," loops",[150,90477,90478,90479],{},"The stop value is ",[3367,90480,64661],{},[150,90482,17035,90483,90485],{},[15,90484,59589],{}," object, not a regular list",[20,90487,90488],{},"You will often see it with a loop like this:",[30,90490,90492],{"className":32,"code":90491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for number in range(3):\n    print(number)\n",[15,90493,90494,90510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90495,90496,90498,90500,90502,90504,90506,90508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90497,5574],{"class":572},[39,90499,6002],{"class":45},[39,90501,1128],{"class":572},[39,90503,53672],{"class":112},[39,90505,101],{"class":53},[39,90507,479],{"class":57},[39,90509,7958],{"class":53},[39,90511,90512,90514,90516,90518],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,90513,603],{"class":112},[39,90515,101],{"class":53},[39,90517,1864],{"class":97},[39,90519,80],{"class":53},[20,90521,458],{},[30,90523,90525],{"className":32,"code":90524,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0\n1\n2\n",[15,90526,90527,90531,90535],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90528,90529],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90530,46857],{"class":57},[39,90532,90533],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,90534,46522],{"class":57},[39,90536,90537],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,90538,16669],{"class":57},[20,90540,90541,90542,94],{},"If you are still learning loops, see ",[173,90543,35643],{"href":35642},[134,90545,90547,90549],{"id":90546},"range-syntax",[15,90548,35812],{}," syntax",[20,90551,90552,90554],{},[15,90553,35812],{}," has three common forms:",[30,90556,90558],{"className":32,"code":90557,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(stop)\nrange(start, stop)\nrange(start, stop, step)\n",[15,90559,90560,90570,90585],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90561,90562,90564,90566,90568],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90563,59589],{"class":112},[39,90565,101],{"class":53},[39,90567,75016],{"class":97},[39,90569,80],{"class":53},[39,90571,90572,90574,90576,90578,90580,90583],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,90573,59589],{"class":112},[39,90575,101],{"class":53},[39,90577,35687],{"class":97},[39,90579,61],{"class":53},[39,90581,90582],{"class":97}," stop",[39,90584,80],{"class":53},[39,90586,90587,90589,90591,90593,90595,90597,90599,90602],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,90588,59589],{"class":112},[39,90590,101],{"class":53},[39,90592,35687],{"class":97},[39,90594,61],{"class":53},[39,90596,90582],{"class":97},[39,90598,61],{"class":53},[39,90600,90601],{"class":97}," step",[39,90603,80],{"class":53},[20,90605,90606],{},"Meaning of each argument:",[147,90608,90609,90614,90619],{},[150,90610,90611,90613],{},[15,90612,35687],{}," = first number",[150,90615,90616,90618],{},[15,90617,75016],{}," = end limit, not included",[150,90620,90621,90623],{},[15,90622,75019],{}," = amount to move each time",[223,90625,90627],{"id":90626},"rangestop",[15,90628,90629],{},"range(stop)",[20,90631,90632,90633,94],{},"When you give one value, Python treats it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,90634,221],{},[30,90636,90638],{"className":32,"code":90637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(5)))\n",[15,90639,90640],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90641,90642,90644,90646,90648,90650,90652,90654,90656],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90643,113],{"class":112},[39,90645,101],{"class":53},[39,90647,7710],{"class":2523},[39,90649,101],{"class":53},[39,90651,59589],{"class":112},[39,90653,101],{"class":53},[39,90655,1376],{"class":57},[39,90657,2534],{"class":53},[20,90659,458],{},[30,90661,90662],{"className":32,"code":59612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90663,90664],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90665,90666,90668,90670,90672,90674,90676,90678,90680,90682,90684,90686],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90667,3525],{"class":53},[39,90669,221],{"class":57},[39,90671,61],{"class":53},[39,90673,595],{"class":57},[39,90675,61],{"class":53},[39,90677,64],{"class":57},[39,90679,61],{"class":53},[39,90681,73],{"class":57},[39,90683,61],{"class":53},[39,90685,2080],{"class":57},[39,90687,3262],{"class":53},[223,90689,90691],{"id":90690},"rangestart-stop",[15,90692,90693],{},"range(start, stop)",[20,90695,90696,90697,90699,90700,94],{},"This starts at ",[15,90698,35687],{}," and stops before ",[15,90701,75016],{},[30,90703,90705],{"className":32,"code":90704,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(2, 6)))\n",[15,90706,90707],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90708,90709,90711,90713,90715,90717,90719,90721,90723,90725,90727],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90710,113],{"class":112},[39,90712,101],{"class":53},[39,90714,7710],{"class":2523},[39,90716,101],{"class":53},[39,90718,59589],{"class":112},[39,90720,101],{"class":53},[39,90722,104],{"class":57},[39,90724,61],{"class":53},[39,90726,37256],{"class":57},[39,90728,2534],{"class":53},[20,90730,458],{},[30,90732,90734],{"className":32,"code":90733,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,90735,90736],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90737,90738,90740,90742,90744,90746,90748,90750,90752,90754],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90739,3525],{"class":53},[39,90741,104],{"class":57},[39,90743,61],{"class":53},[39,90745,73],{"class":57},[39,90747,61],{"class":53},[39,90749,2080],{"class":57},[39,90751,61],{"class":53},[39,90753,4228],{"class":57},[39,90755,3262],{"class":53},[223,90757,90759],{"id":90758},"rangestart-stop-step",[15,90760,90761],{},"range(start, stop, step)",[20,90763,90764],{},"This also lets you control how much the value changes each time.",[30,90766,90768],{"className":32,"code":90767,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(1, 10, 2)))\n",[15,90769,90770],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90771,90772,90774,90776,90778,90780,90782,90784,90786,90788,90790,90792,90794],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90773,113],{"class":112},[39,90775,101],{"class":53},[39,90777,7710],{"class":2523},[39,90779,101],{"class":53},[39,90781,59589],{"class":112},[39,90783,101],{"class":53},[39,90785,58],{"class":57},[39,90787,61],{"class":53},[39,90789,692],{"class":57},[39,90791,61],{"class":53},[39,90793,64],{"class":57},[39,90795,2534],{"class":53},[20,90797,458],{},[30,90799,90801],{"className":32,"code":90800,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 3, 5, 7, 9]\n",[15,90802,90803],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90804,90805,90807,90809,90811,90813,90815,90817,90819,90821,90823,90825],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90806,3525],{"class":53},[39,90808,58],{"class":57},[39,90810,61],{"class":53},[39,90812,73],{"class":57},[39,90814,61],{"class":53},[39,90816,4228],{"class":57},[39,90818,61],{"class":53},[39,90820,1338],{"class":57},[39,90822,61],{"class":53},[39,90824,1343],{"class":57},[39,90826,3262],{"class":53},[134,90828,90830],{"id":90829},"how-the-arguments-work","How the arguments work",[20,90832,90833],{},"Here are the most common patterns beginners use.",[223,90835,90837],{"id":90836},"range5",[15,90838,90444],{},[30,90840,90841],{"className":32,"code":90637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90842,90843],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90844,90845,90847,90849,90851,90853,90855,90857,90859],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90846,113],{"class":112},[39,90848,101],{"class":53},[39,90850,7710],{"class":2523},[39,90852,101],{"class":53},[39,90854,59589],{"class":112},[39,90856,101],{"class":53},[39,90858,1376],{"class":57},[39,90860,2534],{"class":53},[20,90862,458],{},[30,90864,90865],{"className":32,"code":59612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90866,90867],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90868,90869,90871,90873,90875,90877,90879,90881,90883,90885,90887,90889],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90870,3525],{"class":53},[39,90872,221],{"class":57},[39,90874,61],{"class":53},[39,90876,595],{"class":57},[39,90878,61],{"class":53},[39,90880,64],{"class":57},[39,90882,61],{"class":53},[39,90884,73],{"class":57},[39,90886,61],{"class":53},[39,90888,2080],{"class":57},[39,90890,3262],{"class":53},[20,90892,90696,90893,90699,90895,94],{},[15,90894,221],{},[15,90896,1376],{},[223,90898,90900],{"id":90899},"range2-6",[15,90901,90902],{},"range(2, 6)",[30,90904,90905],{"className":32,"code":90704,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90906,90907],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90908,90909,90911,90913,90915,90917,90919,90921,90923,90925,90927],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90910,113],{"class":112},[39,90912,101],{"class":53},[39,90914,7710],{"class":2523},[39,90916,101],{"class":53},[39,90918,59589],{"class":112},[39,90920,101],{"class":53},[39,90922,104],{"class":57},[39,90924,61],{"class":53},[39,90926,37256],{"class":57},[39,90928,2534],{"class":53},[20,90930,458],{},[30,90932,90933],{"className":32,"code":90733,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90934,90935],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90936,90937,90939,90941,90943,90945,90947,90949,90951,90953],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90938,3525],{"class":53},[39,90940,104],{"class":57},[39,90942,61],{"class":53},[39,90944,73],{"class":57},[39,90946,61],{"class":53},[39,90948,2080],{"class":57},[39,90950,61],{"class":53},[39,90952,4228],{"class":57},[39,90954,3262],{"class":53},[20,90956,90696,90957,90699,90959,94],{},[15,90958,104],{},[15,90960,80184],{},[223,90962,90964],{"id":90963},"range1-10-2",[15,90965,90966],{},"range(1, 10, 2)",[30,90968,90969],{"className":32,"code":90767,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,90970,90971],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,90972,90973,90975,90977,90979,90981,90983,90985,90987,90989,90991,90993,90995],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,90974,113],{"class":112},[39,90976,101],{"class":53},[39,90978,7710],{"class":2523},[39,90980,101],{"class":53},[39,90982,59589],{"class":112},[39,90984,101],{"class":53},[39,90986,58],{"class":57},[39,90988,61],{"class":53},[39,90990,692],{"class":57},[39,90992,61],{"class":53},[39,90994,64],{"class":57},[39,90996,2534],{"class":53},[20,90998,458],{},[30,91000,91001],{"className":32,"code":90800,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91002,91003],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91004,91005,91007,91009,91011,91013,91015,91017,91019,91021,91023,91025],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91006,3525],{"class":53},[39,91008,58],{"class":57},[39,91010,61],{"class":53},[39,91012,73],{"class":57},[39,91014,61],{"class":53},[39,91016,4228],{"class":57},[39,91018,61],{"class":53},[39,91020,1338],{"class":57},[39,91022,61],{"class":53},[39,91024,1343],{"class":57},[39,91026,3262],{"class":53},[20,91028,91029,91030,91032,91033,60892,91035,94],{},"This moves by ",[15,91031,104],{}," each time, so it gives odd numbers from ",[15,91034,58],{},[15,91036,1767],{},[223,91038,91040],{"id":91039},"using-a-negative-step","Using a negative step",[20,91042,91043,91044,91046],{},"A negative step makes ",[15,91045,35812],{}," count backward.",[30,91048,91050],{"className":32,"code":91049,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(5, 0, -1)))\n",[15,91051,91052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91053,91054,91056,91058,91060,91062,91064,91066,91068,91070,91072,91074,91076,91078],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91055,113],{"class":112},[39,91057,101],{"class":53},[39,91059,7710],{"class":2523},[39,91061,101],{"class":53},[39,91063,59589],{"class":112},[39,91065,101],{"class":53},[39,91067,1376],{"class":57},[39,91069,61],{"class":53},[39,91071,3458],{"class":57},[39,91073,61],{"class":53},[39,91075,1847],{"class":49},[39,91077,58],{"class":57},[39,91079,2534],{"class":53},[20,91081,458],{},[30,91083,91085],{"className":32,"code":91084,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]\n",[15,91086,91087],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91088,91089,91091,91093,91095,91097,91099,91101,91103,91105,91107,91109],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91090,3525],{"class":53},[39,91092,1376],{"class":57},[39,91094,61],{"class":53},[39,91096,2080],{"class":57},[39,91098,61],{"class":53},[39,91100,73],{"class":57},[39,91102,61],{"class":53},[39,91104,64],{"class":57},[39,91106,61],{"class":53},[39,91108,595],{"class":57},[39,91110,3262],{"class":53},[20,91112,91113],{},"This works because the numbers move downward.",[20,91115,91116],{},"If the direction does not match the step, you may get an empty result:",[30,91118,91120],{"className":32,"code":91119,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(1, 5, -1)))\n",[15,91121,91122],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91123,91124,91126,91128,91130,91132,91134,91136,91138,91140,91142,91144,91146,91148],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91125,113],{"class":112},[39,91127,101],{"class":53},[39,91129,7710],{"class":2523},[39,91131,101],{"class":53},[39,91133,59589],{"class":112},[39,91135,101],{"class":53},[39,91137,58],{"class":57},[39,91139,61],{"class":53},[39,91141,4228],{"class":57},[39,91143,61],{"class":53},[39,91145,1847],{"class":49},[39,91147,58],{"class":57},[39,91149,2534],{"class":53},[20,91151,458],{},[30,91153,91154],{"className":32,"code":37908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91155,91156],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91157,91158],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91159,37908],{"class":53},[223,91161,91162,76179,91164],{"id":76403},[15,91163,75019],{},[15,91165,221],{},[20,91167,2458],{},[30,91169,91171],{"className":32,"code":91170,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(1, 5, 0)\n",[15,91172,91173],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91174,91175,91177,91179,91181,91183,91185,91187,91189],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91176,59589],{"class":112},[39,91178,101],{"class":53},[39,91180,58],{"class":57},[39,91182,61],{"class":53},[39,91184,4228],{"class":57},[39,91186,61],{"class":53},[39,91188,3458],{"class":57},[39,91190,80],{"class":53},[20,91192,76448,91193,91195],{},[15,91194,40315],{}," because it cannot move by zero.",[134,91197,948,91199,91201,91202,91204],{"id":91198},"using-range-in-a-for-loop",[15,91200,35812],{}," in a ",[15,91203,5574],{}," loop",[20,91206,91207,91209],{},[15,91208,35812],{}," is most useful when:",[147,91211,91212,91215,91218],{},[150,91213,91214],{},"You want to repeat something a set number of times",[150,91216,91217],{},"You need the current number in each loop",[150,91219,91220,91221],{},"You are using the common pattern ",[15,91222,91223],{},"for i in range(n)",[20,91225,515],{},[30,91227,91229],{"className":32,"code":91228,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(3):\n    print(\"Loop number:\", i)\n",[15,91230,91231,91247],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91232,91233,91235,91237,91239,91241,91243,91245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91234,5574],{"class":572},[39,91236,69139],{"class":45},[39,91238,1128],{"class":572},[39,91240,53672],{"class":112},[39,91242,101],{"class":53},[39,91244,479],{"class":57},[39,91246,7958],{"class":53},[39,91248,91249,91251,91253,91255,91258,91260,91262,91264],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91250,603],{"class":112},[39,91252,101],{"class":53},[39,91254,244],{"class":243},[39,91256,91257],{"class":247},"Loop number:",[39,91259,244],{"class":243},[39,91261,61],{"class":53},[39,91263,35743],{"class":97},[39,91265,80],{"class":53},[20,91267,458],{},[30,91269,91271],{"className":32,"code":91270,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Loop number: 0\nLoop number: 1\nLoop number: 2\n",[15,91272,91273,91282,91290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91274,91275,91278,91280],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91276,91277],{"class":45},"Loop number",[39,91279,145],{"class":53},[39,91281,38123],{"class":57},[39,91283,91284,91286,91288],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91285,91277],{"class":45},[39,91287,145],{"class":53},[39,91289,29227],{"class":57},[39,91291,91292,91294,91296],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,91293,91277],{"class":45},[39,91295,145],{"class":53},[39,91297,45196],{"class":57},[223,91299,91301],{"id":91300},"repeating-something-a-fixed-number-of-times","Repeating something a fixed number of times",[30,91303,91305],{"className":32,"code":91304,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(5):\n    print(\"Hello\")\n",[15,91306,91307,91323],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91308,91309,91311,91313,91315,91317,91319,91321],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91310,5574],{"class":572},[39,91312,69139],{"class":45},[39,91314,1128],{"class":572},[39,91316,53672],{"class":112},[39,91318,101],{"class":53},[39,91320,1376],{"class":57},[39,91322,7958],{"class":53},[39,91324,91325,91327,91329,91331,91333,91335],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91326,603],{"class":112},[39,91328,101],{"class":53},[39,91330,244],{"class":243},[39,91332,34482],{"class":247},[39,91334,244],{"class":243},[39,91336,80],{"class":53},[20,91338,91339,91340,91342],{},"This prints ",[15,91341,90008],{}," five times.",[223,91344,91346],{"id":91345},"using-the-current-number","Using the current number",[30,91348,91350],{"className":32,"code":91349,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(1, 4):\n    print(\"Current number is\", i)\n",[15,91351,91352,91372],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91353,91354,91356,91358,91360,91362,91364,91366,91368,91370],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91355,5574],{"class":572},[39,91357,69139],{"class":45},[39,91359,1128],{"class":572},[39,91361,53672],{"class":112},[39,91363,101],{"class":53},[39,91365,58],{"class":57},[39,91367,61],{"class":53},[39,91369,2080],{"class":57},[39,91371,7958],{"class":53},[39,91373,91374,91376,91378,91380,91383,91385,91387,91389],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91375,603],{"class":112},[39,91377,101],{"class":53},[39,91379,244],{"class":243},[39,91381,91382],{"class":247},"Current number is",[39,91384,244],{"class":243},[39,91386,61],{"class":53},[39,91388,35743],{"class":97},[39,91390,80],{"class":53},[20,91392,458],{},[30,91394,91396],{"className":32,"code":91395,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Current number is 1\nCurrent number is 2\nCurrent number is 3\n",[15,91397,91398,91407,91415],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91399,91400,91403,91405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91401,91402],{"class":45},"Current number ",[39,91404,11805],{"class":49},[39,91406,29227],{"class":57},[39,91408,91409,91411,91413],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91410,91402],{"class":45},[39,91412,11805],{"class":49},[39,91414,45196],{"class":57},[39,91416,91417,91419,91421],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,91418,91402],{"class":45},[39,91420,11805],{"class":49},[39,91422,2199],{"class":57},[223,91424,91426,91428],{"id":91425},"range-and-indexing",[15,91427,35812],{}," and indexing",[20,91430,91431],{},"You may see code like this:",[30,91433,91435],{"className":32,"code":91434,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor i in range(len(items)):\n    print(i, items[i])\n",[15,91436,91437,91469,91473,91493],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91438,91439,91441,91443,91445,91447,91449,91451,91453,91455,91457,91459,91461,91463,91465,91467],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91440,7397],{"class":45},[39,91442,50],{"class":49},[39,91444,3249],{"class":53},[39,91446,244],{"class":243},[39,91448,173],{"class":247},[39,91450,244],{"class":243},[39,91452,61],{"class":53},[39,91454,255],{"class":243},[39,91456,1070],{"class":247},[39,91458,244],{"class":243},[39,91460,61],{"class":53},[39,91462,255],{"class":243},[39,91464,9352],{"class":247},[39,91466,244],{"class":243},[39,91468,3262],{"class":53},[39,91470,91471],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91472,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,91474,91475,91477,91479,91481,91483,91485,91487,91489,91491],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,91476,5574],{"class":572},[39,91478,69139],{"class":45},[39,91480,1128],{"class":572},[39,91482,53672],{"class":112},[39,91484,101],{"class":53},[39,91486,10775],{"class":112},[39,91488,101],{"class":53},[39,91490,7426],{"class":97},[39,91492,69154],{"class":53},[39,91494,91495,91497,91499,91501,91503,91505,91507,91509],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,91496,603],{"class":112},[39,91498,101],{"class":53},[39,91500,35768],{"class":97},[39,91502,61],{"class":53},[39,91504,5582],{"class":97},[39,91506,3525],{"class":53},[39,91508,35768],{"class":97},[39,91510,3513],{"class":53},[20,91512,458],{},[30,91514,91515],{"className":32,"code":35780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91516,91517,91523,91529],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91518,91519,91521],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91520,221],{"class":57},[39,91522,35789],{"class":45},[39,91524,91525,91527],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91526,58],{"class":57},[39,91528,35796],{"class":45},[39,91530,91531,91533],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,91532,104],{"class":57},[39,91534,35803],{"class":45},[20,91536,91537,91538,91542],{},"This works, and it uses ",[173,91539,91540],{"href":41966},[15,91541,1542],{}," to get the number of items.",[20,91544,91545],{},"But for beginners, direct looping is often simpler:",[30,91547,91549],{"className":32,"code":91548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor item in items:\n    print(item)\n",[15,91550,91551,91583,91587,91599],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91552,91553,91555,91557,91559,91561,91563,91565,91567,91569,91571,91573,91575,91577,91579,91581],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91554,7397],{"class":45},[39,91556,50],{"class":49},[39,91558,3249],{"class":53},[39,91560,244],{"class":243},[39,91562,173],{"class":247},[39,91564,244],{"class":243},[39,91566,61],{"class":53},[39,91568,255],{"class":243},[39,91570,1070],{"class":247},[39,91572,244],{"class":243},[39,91574,61],{"class":53},[39,91576,255],{"class":243},[39,91578,9352],{"class":247},[39,91580,244],{"class":243},[39,91582,3262],{"class":53},[39,91584,91585],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91586,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,91588,91589,91591,91593,91595,91597],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,91590,5574],{"class":572},[39,91592,5577],{"class":45},[39,91594,1128],{"class":572},[39,91596,5582],{"class":45},[39,91598,598],{"class":53},[39,91600,91601,91603,91605,91607],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,91602,603],{"class":112},[39,91604,101],{"class":53},[39,91606,22922],{"class":97},[39,91608,80],{"class":53},[20,91610,36206,91611,91616],{},[173,91612,91614],{"href":91613},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-enumerate-function-explained\u002F",[15,91615,35364],{}," is usually a better choice:",[30,91618,91620],{"className":32,"code":91619,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nfor index, item in enumerate(items):\n    print(index, item)\n",[15,91621,91622,91654,91658,91678],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91623,91624,91626,91628,91630,91632,91634,91636,91638,91640,91642,91644,91646,91648,91650,91652],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91625,7397],{"class":45},[39,91627,50],{"class":49},[39,91629,3249],{"class":53},[39,91631,244],{"class":243},[39,91633,173],{"class":247},[39,91635,244],{"class":243},[39,91637,61],{"class":53},[39,91639,255],{"class":243},[39,91641,1070],{"class":247},[39,91643,244],{"class":243},[39,91645,61],{"class":53},[39,91647,255],{"class":243},[39,91649,9352],{"class":247},[39,91651,244],{"class":243},[39,91653,3262],{"class":53},[39,91655,91656],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91657,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,91659,91660,91662,91664,91666,91668,91670,91672,91674,91676],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,91661,5574],{"class":572},[39,91663,35436],{"class":45},[39,91665,61],{"class":53},[39,91667,5577],{"class":45},[39,91669,1128],{"class":572},[39,91671,35446],{"class":112},[39,91673,101],{"class":53},[39,91675,7426],{"class":97},[39,91677,7958],{"class":53},[39,91679,91680,91682,91684,91686,91688,91690],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,91681,603],{"class":112},[39,91683,101],{"class":53},[39,91685,1431],{"class":97},[39,91687,61],{"class":53},[39,91689,29119],{"class":97},[39,91691,80],{"class":53},[20,91693,78708,91694,94],{},[173,91695,36219,91696,36222],{"href":36218},[15,91697,35364],{},[134,91699,91701,91702,91704],{"id":91700},"converting-range-to-a-list","Converting ",[15,91703,35812],{}," to a list",[20,91706,91707,91709],{},[15,91708,35812],{}," does not directly show all numbers as a normal list.",[20,91711,91712,91713,145],{},"To see the values, convert it with ",[15,91714,24392],{},[30,91716,91718],{"className":32,"code":91717,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(3)))\n",[15,91719,91720],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91721,91722,91724,91726,91728,91730,91732,91734,91736],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91723,113],{"class":112},[39,91725,101],{"class":53},[39,91727,7710],{"class":2523},[39,91729,101],{"class":53},[39,91731,59589],{"class":112},[39,91733,101],{"class":53},[39,91735,479],{"class":57},[39,91737,2534],{"class":53},[20,91739,458],{},[30,91741,91743],{"className":32,"code":91742,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[0, 1, 2]\n",[15,91744,91745],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91746,91747,91749,91751,91753,91755,91757,91759],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91748,3525],{"class":53},[39,91750,221],{"class":57},[39,91752,61],{"class":53},[39,91754,595],{"class":57},[39,91756,61],{"class":53},[39,91758,64],{"class":57},[39,91760,3262],{"class":53},[20,91762,32925],{},[147,91764,91765,91770,91773],{},[150,91766,91767,91768,41694],{},"learning how ",[15,91769,35812],{},[150,91771,91772],{},"checking your values",[150,91774,91775],{},"debugging code",[20,91777,5088],{},[30,91779,91781],{"className":32,"code":91780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = range(4)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(list(numbers))\n",[15,91782,91783,91797,91801,91811],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91784,91785,91787,91789,91791,91793,91795],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91786,46],{"class":45},[39,91788,50],{"class":49},[39,91790,53672],{"class":112},[39,91792,101],{"class":53},[39,91794,1333],{"class":57},[39,91796,80],{"class":53},[39,91798,91799],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91800,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,91802,91803,91805,91807,91809],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,91804,113],{"class":112},[39,91806,101],{"class":53},[39,91808,992],{"class":97},[39,91810,80],{"class":53},[39,91812,91813,91815,91817,91819,91821,91823],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,91814,113],{"class":112},[39,91816,101],{"class":53},[39,91818,7710],{"class":2523},[39,91820,101],{"class":53},[39,91822,992],{"class":97},[39,91824,1026],{"class":53},[20,91826,458],{},[30,91828,91830],{"className":32,"code":91829,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(0, 4)\n[0, 1, 2, 3]\n",[15,91831,91832,91846],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91833,91834,91836,91838,91840,91842,91844],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91835,59589],{"class":112},[39,91837,101],{"class":53},[39,91839,221],{"class":57},[39,91841,61],{"class":53},[39,91843,2080],{"class":57},[39,91845,80],{"class":53},[39,91847,91848,91850,91852,91854,91856,91858,91860,91862,91864],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,91849,3525],{"class":53},[39,91851,221],{"class":57},[39,91853,61],{"class":53},[39,91855,595],{"class":57},[39,91857,61],{"class":53},[39,91859,64],{"class":57},[39,91861,61],{"class":53},[39,91863,73],{"class":57},[39,91865,3262],{"class":53},[20,91867,91868,91869,10198,91871,91874],{},"If you want to understand this difference more clearly, see Python ",[15,91870,59589],{},[15,91872,91873],{},"list(range)"," explained.",[134,91876,4141],{"id":4140},[20,91878,33154,91879,94],{},[15,91880,35812],{},[223,91882,91884],{"id":91883},"expecting-the-stop-value-to-be-included","Expecting the stop value to be included",[20,91886,91887],{},"Many beginners think this:",[30,91889,91891],{"className":32,"code":91890,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(list(range(1, 5)))\n",[15,91892,91893],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91894,91895,91897,91899,91901,91903,91905,91907,91909,91911,91913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91896,113],{"class":112},[39,91898,101],{"class":53},[39,91900,7710],{"class":2523},[39,91902,101],{"class":53},[39,91904,59589],{"class":112},[39,91906,101],{"class":53},[39,91908,58],{"class":57},[39,91910,61],{"class":53},[39,91912,4228],{"class":57},[39,91914,2534],{"class":53},[20,91916,91917],{},"will produce:",[30,91919,91921],{"className":32,"code":91920,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,91922,91923],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91924,91925,91927,91929,91931,91933,91935,91937,91939,91941,91943,91945],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91926,3525],{"class":53},[39,91928,58],{"class":57},[39,91930,61],{"class":53},[39,91932,64],{"class":57},[39,91934,61],{"class":53},[39,91936,73],{"class":57},[39,91938,61],{"class":53},[39,91940,2080],{"class":57},[39,91942,61],{"class":53},[39,91944,4228],{"class":57},[39,91946,3262],{"class":53},[20,91948,91949],{},"But the real output is:",[30,91951,91952],{"className":32,"code":53107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91953,91954],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91955,91956,91958,91960,91962,91964,91966,91968,91970,91972],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91957,3525],{"class":53},[39,91959,58],{"class":57},[39,91961,61],{"class":53},[39,91963,64],{"class":57},[39,91965,61],{"class":53},[39,91967,73],{"class":57},[39,91969,61],{"class":53},[39,91971,2080],{"class":57},[39,91973,3262],{"class":53},[20,91975,91976],{},"The stop value is excluded.",[223,91978,4202,91980,91982,91983],{"id":91979},"assuming-range5-starts-at-1",[15,91981,90444],{}," starts at ",[15,91984,58],{},[20,91986,37080,91987,18576,91989,94],{},[15,91988,221],{},[15,91990,58],{},[30,91992,91993],{"className":32,"code":90637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,91994,91995],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,91996,91997,91999,92001,92003,92005,92007,92009,92011],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,91998,113],{"class":112},[39,92000,101],{"class":53},[39,92002,7710],{"class":2523},[39,92004,101],{"class":53},[39,92006,59589],{"class":112},[39,92008,101],{"class":53},[39,92010,1376],{"class":57},[39,92012,2534],{"class":53},[20,92014,458],{},[30,92016,92017],{"className":32,"code":59612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92018,92019],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92020,92021,92023,92025,92027,92029,92031,92033,92035,92037,92039,92041],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92022,3525],{"class":53},[39,92024,221],{"class":57},[39,92026,61],{"class":53},[39,92028,595],{"class":57},[39,92030,61],{"class":53},[39,92032,64],{"class":57},[39,92034,61],{"class":53},[39,92036,73],{"class":57},[39,92038,61],{"class":53},[39,92040,2080],{"class":57},[39,92042,3262],{"class":53},[223,92044,92046],{"id":92045},"using-a-string-instead-of-an-integer","Using a string instead of an integer",[20,92048,92049,92050,145],{},"This often happens with ",[15,92051,2580],{},[30,92053,92055],{"className":32,"code":92054,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_number = input(\"Enter a number: \")\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92056,92057,92076,92080,92097],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92058,92059,92062,92064,92066,92068,92070,92072,92074],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92060,92061],{"class":45},"user_number ",[39,92063,50],{"class":49},[39,92065,7858],{"class":112},[39,92067,101],{"class":53},[39,92069,244],{"class":243},[39,92071,41480],{"class":247},[39,92073,244],{"class":243},[39,92075,80],{"class":53},[39,92077,92078],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,92079,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,92081,92082,92084,92086,92088,92090,92092,92095],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,92083,5574],{"class":572},[39,92085,69139],{"class":45},[39,92087,1128],{"class":572},[39,92089,53672],{"class":112},[39,92091,101],{"class":53},[39,92093,92094],{"class":97},"user_number",[39,92096,7958],{"class":53},[39,92098,92099,92101,92103,92105],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,92100,603],{"class":112},[39,92102,101],{"class":53},[39,92104,35768],{"class":97},[39,92106,80],{"class":53},[20,92108,48116,92109,92111],{},[15,92110,2580],{}," returns a string.",[20,92113,10420],{},[30,92115,92117],{"className":32,"code":92116,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_number = int(input(\"Enter a number: \"))\n\nfor i in range(user_number):\n    print(i)\n",[15,92118,92119,92141,92145,92161],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92120,92121,92123,92125,92127,92129,92131,92133,92135,92137,92139],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92122,92061],{"class":45},[39,92124,50],{"class":49},[39,92126,44883],{"class":2523},[39,92128,101],{"class":53},[39,92130,42070],{"class":112},[39,92132,101],{"class":53},[39,92134,244],{"class":243},[39,92136,41480],{"class":247},[39,92138,244],{"class":243},[39,92140,1026],{"class":53},[39,92142,92143],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,92144,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,92146,92147,92149,92151,92153,92155,92157,92159],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,92148,5574],{"class":572},[39,92150,69139],{"class":45},[39,92152,1128],{"class":572},[39,92154,53672],{"class":112},[39,92156,101],{"class":53},[39,92158,92094],{"class":97},[39,92160,7958],{"class":53},[39,92162,92163,92165,92167,92169],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,92164,603],{"class":112},[39,92166,101],{"class":53},[39,92168,35768],{"class":97},[39,92170,80],{"class":53},[20,92172,92173,92174,94],{},"If you see an error here, read ",[173,92175,50130,92176],{"href":50129},[15,92177,50133],{},[223,92179,92181,92182,92184,92185],{"id":92180},"using-a-negative-step-with-start-smaller-than-stop","Using a negative step with ",[15,92183,35687],{}," smaller than ",[15,92186,75016],{},[20,92188,92189],{},"This does not count backward correctly:",[30,92191,92192],{"className":32,"code":91119,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92193,92194],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92195,92196,92198,92200,92202,92204,92206,92208,92210,92212,92214,92216,92218,92220],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92197,113],{"class":112},[39,92199,101],{"class":53},[39,92201,7710],{"class":2523},[39,92203,101],{"class":53},[39,92205,59589],{"class":112},[39,92207,101],{"class":53},[39,92209,58],{"class":57},[39,92211,61],{"class":53},[39,92213,4228],{"class":57},[39,92215,61],{"class":53},[39,92217,1847],{"class":49},[39,92219,58],{"class":57},[39,92221,2534],{"class":53},[20,92223,458],{},[30,92225,92226],{"className":32,"code":37908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92227,92228],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92229,92230],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92231,37908],{"class":53},[20,92233,92234],{},"If the step is negative, the start usually needs to be larger than the stop.",[223,92236,25228,92238],{"id":92237},"trying-to-use-step-0",[15,92239,92240],{},"step = 0",[20,92242,77159],{},[30,92244,92246],{"className":32,"code":92245,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(1, 10, 0)\n",[15,92247,92248],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92249,92250,92252,92254,92256,92258,92260,92262,92264],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92251,59589],{"class":112},[39,92253,101],{"class":53},[39,92255,58],{"class":57},[39,92257,61],{"class":53},[39,92259,692],{"class":57},[39,92261,61],{"class":53},[39,92263,3458],{"class":57},[39,92265,80],{"class":53},[20,92267,92268],{},"Python raises an error because the sequence cannot move.",[223,92270,4328,92272,92274],{"id":92271},"forgetting-that-range-is-not-a-list",[15,92273,35812],{}," is not a list",[20,92276,92277],{},"This can confuse beginners when printing values:",[30,92279,92281],{"className":32,"code":92280,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(range(5))\n",[15,92282,92283],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92284,92285,92287,92289,92291,92293,92295],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92286,113],{"class":112},[39,92288,101],{"class":53},[39,92290,59589],{"class":112},[39,92292,101],{"class":53},[39,92294,1376],{"class":57},[39,92296,1026],{"class":53},[20,92298,458],{},[30,92300,92302],{"className":32,"code":92301,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(0, 5)\n",[15,92303,92304],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92305,92306,92308,92310,92312,92314,92316],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92307,59589],{"class":112},[39,92309,101],{"class":53},[39,92311,221],{"class":57},[39,92313,61],{"class":53},[39,92315,4228],{"class":57},[39,92317,80],{"class":53},[20,92319,92320],{},"To see the numbers, use:",[30,92322,92323],{"className":32,"code":90637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92324,92325],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92326,92327,92329,92331,92333,92335,92337,92339,92341],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92328,113],{"class":112},[39,92330,101],{"class":53},[39,92332,7710],{"class":2523},[39,92334,101],{"class":53},[39,92336,59589],{"class":112},[39,92338,101],{"class":53},[39,92340,1376],{"class":57},[39,92342,2534],{"class":53},[20,92344,458],{},[30,92346,92347],{"className":32,"code":59612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,92348,92349],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92350,92351,92353,92355,92357,92359,92361,92363,92365,92367,92369,92371],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92352,3525],{"class":53},[39,92354,221],{"class":57},[39,92356,61],{"class":53},[39,92358,595],{"class":57},[39,92360,61],{"class":53},[39,92362,64],{"class":57},[39,92364,61],{"class":53},[39,92366,73],{"class":57},[39,92368,61],{"class":53},[39,92370,2080],{"class":57},[39,92372,3262],{"class":53},[134,92374,92376],{"id":92375},"useful-checks-while-debugging","Useful checks while debugging",[20,92378,8487,92379,81930],{},[15,92380,35812],{},[30,92382,92384],{"className":32,"code":92383,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(list(range(2, 8)))\nprint(list(range(10, 0, -2)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\n",[15,92385,92386,92400,92418,92440,92468],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92387,92388,92390,92392,92394,92396,92398],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92389,113],{"class":112},[39,92391,101],{"class":53},[39,92393,59589],{"class":112},[39,92395,101],{"class":53},[39,92397,1376],{"class":57},[39,92399,1026],{"class":53},[39,92401,92402,92404,92406,92408,92410,92412,92414,92416],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,92403,113],{"class":112},[39,92405,101],{"class":53},[39,92407,7710],{"class":2523},[39,92409,101],{"class":53},[39,92411,59589],{"class":112},[39,92413,101],{"class":53},[39,92415,1376],{"class":57},[39,92417,2534],{"class":53},[39,92419,92420,92422,92424,92426,92428,92430,92432,92434,92436,92438],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,92421,113],{"class":112},[39,92423,101],{"class":53},[39,92425,7710],{"class":2523},[39,92427,101],{"class":53},[39,92429,59589],{"class":112},[39,92431,101],{"class":53},[39,92433,104],{"class":57},[39,92435,61],{"class":53},[39,92437,5975],{"class":57},[39,92439,2534],{"class":53},[39,92441,92442,92444,92446,92448,92450,92452,92454,92456,92458,92460,92462,92464,92466],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,92443,113],{"class":112},[39,92445,101],{"class":53},[39,92447,7710],{"class":2523},[39,92449,101],{"class":53},[39,92451,59589],{"class":112},[39,92453,101],{"class":53},[39,92455,682],{"class":57},[39,92457,61],{"class":53},[39,92459,3458],{"class":57},[39,92461,61],{"class":53},[39,92463,1847],{"class":49},[39,92465,104],{"class":57},[39,92467,2534],{"class":53},[39,92469,92470,92472,92474,92476,92478,92480,92482,92484],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,92471,113],{"class":112},[39,92473,101],{"class":53},[39,92475,2845],{"class":2523},[39,92477,101],{"class":53},[39,92479,59589],{"class":112},[39,92481,101],{"class":53},[39,92483,1376],{"class":57},[39,92485,2534],{"class":53},[20,92487,25620],{},[147,92489,92490,92493,92496],{},[150,92491,92492],{},"what values are being created",[150,92494,92495],{},"whether the direction is correct",[150,92497,92498,92499,24229],{},"whether you are working with a ",[15,92500,59589],{},[134,92502,1454],{"id":1453},[223,92504,1468,92506,92508],{"id":92505},"does-range-include-the-last-number",[15,92507,35812],{}," include the last number?",[20,92510,92511],{},"No. The stop value is excluded.",[223,92513,922,92515,92517,92518,929],{"id":92514},"why-does-range5-start-at-0",[15,92516,90444],{}," start at ",[15,92519,221],{},[20,92521,92522,92523,94],{},"When only one argument is given, Python uses it as the stop value and starts from ",[15,92524,221],{},[223,92526,1487,92528,92530],{"id":92527},"can-range-count-backward",[15,92529,35812],{}," count backward?",[20,92532,92533,92534,94],{},"Yes. Use a negative step, such as ",[15,92535,92536],{},"range(5, 0, -1)",[223,92538,14514,92540,25655],{"id":92539},"is-range-a-list",[15,92541,35812],{},[20,92543,25658,92544,92546,92547,23550],{},[15,92545,59589],{}," object. Use ",[15,92548,92549],{},"list(range(...))",[223,92551,922,92553,48290],{"id":92552},"why-does-rangeinput-fail",[15,92554,92555],{},"range(input())",[20,92557,92558,3110,92560,94],{},[15,92559,2580],{},[15,92561,92562],{},"int(input())",[134,92564,1514],{"id":1513},[147,92566,92567,92571,92577,92583,92589],{},[150,92568,92569],{},[173,92570,35643],{"href":35642},[150,92572,92573],{},[173,92574,3202,92575,3135],{"href":41966},[15,92576,1542],{},[150,92578,92579],{},[173,92580,3202,92581,3135],{"href":91613},[15,92582,35364],{},[150,92584,92585],{},[173,92586,37131,92587,36222],{"href":36218},[15,92588,35364],{},[150,92590,92591],{},[173,92592,50130,92593],{"href":50129},[15,92594,50133],{},[1550,92596,92597],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":92599},[92600,92601,92603,92609,92617,92624,92626,92638,92639,92651],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":90453,"depth":83,"text":92602},"What range() does",{"id":90546,"depth":83,"text":92604,"children":92605},"range() syntax",[92606,92607,92608],{"id":90626,"depth":109,"text":90629},{"id":90690,"depth":109,"text":90693},{"id":90758,"depth":109,"text":90761},{"id":90829,"depth":83,"text":90830,"children":92610},[92611,92612,92613,92614,92615],{"id":90836,"depth":109,"text":90444},{"id":90899,"depth":109,"text":90902},{"id":90963,"depth":109,"text":90966},{"id":91039,"depth":109,"text":91040},{"id":76403,"depth":109,"text":92616},"step cannot be 0",{"id":91198,"depth":83,"text":92618,"children":92619},"Using range() in a for loop",[92620,92621,92622],{"id":91300,"depth":109,"text":91301},{"id":91345,"depth":109,"text":91346},{"id":91425,"depth":109,"text":92623},"range() and indexing",{"id":91700,"depth":83,"text":92625},"Converting range() to a list",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":92627},[92628,92629,92631,92632,92634,92636],{"id":91883,"depth":109,"text":91884},{"id":91979,"depth":109,"text":92630},"Assuming range(5) starts at 1",{"id":92045,"depth":109,"text":92046},{"id":92180,"depth":109,"text":92633},"Using a negative step with start smaller than stop",{"id":92237,"depth":109,"text":92635},"Trying to use step = 0",{"id":92271,"depth":109,"text":92637},"Forgetting that range() is not a list",{"id":92375,"depth":83,"text":92376},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":92640},[92641,92643,92645,92647,92649],{"id":92505,"depth":109,"text":92642},"Does range() include the last number?",{"id":92514,"depth":109,"text":92644},"Why does range(5) start at 0?",{"id":92527,"depth":109,"text":92646},"Can range() count backward?",{"id":92539,"depth":109,"text":92648},"Is range() a list?",{"id":92552,"depth":109,"text":92650},"Why does range(input()) fail?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python range function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained",{"title":90347,"description":92652},"reference\u002Fpython-range-function-explained","WM74kaur77O7To2YFL58_24yQPMusxcx03D4i7kex70",{"id":92659,"title":92660,"body":92661,"description":94334,"extension":1587,"meta":94335,"navigation":420,"path":94336,"seo":94337,"stem":94338,"__hash__":94339},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained.md","Python range() vs list(range()) Explained",{"type":7,"value":92662,"toc":94307},[92663,92672,92679,92696,92712,92714,92763,92771,92775,92778,92798,92800,92864,92866,92909,92912,92958,92960,92993,93003,93009,93017,93034,93036,93067,93069,93094,93099,93110,93113,93183,93185,93216,93221,93226,93243,93245,93296,93298,93331,93334,93341,93346,93350,93366,93368,93412,93414,93460,93463,93476,93481,93485,93499,93501,93552,93554,93587,93592,93594,93601,93603,93626,93628,93693,93695,93712,93715,93748,93750,93778,93788,93795,93799,93802,93820,93823,93851,93854,93872,93877,93883,93886,93908,93910,93938,93940,93943,93968,93971,94084,94086,94165,94167,94173,94178,94186,94194,94198,94201,94203,94236,94238,94246,94252,94259,94266,94269,94271,94304],[10,92664,3202,92666,10198,92668,92671],{"id":92665},"python-range-vs-listrange-explained",[15,92667,35812],{},[15,92669,92670],{},"list(range())"," Explained",[20,92673,92674,796,92676,92678],{},[15,92675,35812],{},[15,92677,92670],{}," can represent the same numbers, but they are not the same thing.",[147,92680,92681,92689],{},[150,92682,92683,92685,92686],{},[15,92684,35812],{}," creates a ",[3367,92687,92688],{},"range object",[150,92690,92691,92685,92693],{},[15,92692,92670],{},[3367,92694,92695],{},"real list",[20,92697,92698,92699,92701,92702,92705,92706,92708,92709,92711],{},"This matters because beginners often expect ",[15,92700,90444],{}," to behave exactly like ",[15,92703,92704],{},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]",". It does not. In most cases, you should use ",[15,92707,35812],{}," for looping, and only use ",[15,92710,92670],{}," when you actually need a list.",[134,92713,3235],{"id":3234},[30,92715,92717],{"className":32,"code":92716,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = range(5)\nprint(numbers)          # range(0, 5)\nprint(list(numbers))    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92718,92719,92733,92746],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92720,92721,92723,92725,92727,92729,92731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92722,46],{"class":45},[39,92724,50],{"class":49},[39,92726,53672],{"class":112},[39,92728,101],{"class":53},[39,92730,1376],{"class":57},[39,92732,80],{"class":53},[39,92734,92735,92737,92739,92741,92743],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,92736,113],{"class":112},[39,92738,101],{"class":53},[39,92740,992],{"class":97},[39,92742,121],{"class":53},[39,92744,92745],{"class":124},"          # range(0, 5)\n",[39,92747,92748,92750,92752,92754,92756,92758,92760],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,92749,113],{"class":112},[39,92751,101],{"class":53},[39,92753,7710],{"class":2523},[39,92755,101],{"class":53},[39,92757,992],{"class":97},[39,92759,303],{"class":53},[39,92761,92762],{"class":124},"    # [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,92764,128,92765,92767,92768,92770],{},[15,92766,35812],{}," for looping. Use ",[15,92769,92670],{}," when you need an actual list value.",[134,92772,92774],{"id":92773},"what-is-the-difference","What is the difference?",[20,92776,92777],{},"The main difference is what each one returns.",[147,92779,92780,92787,92792,92795],{},[150,92781,92782,21587,92784,92786],{},[15,92783,35812],{},[3367,92785,92688],{},", not a list",[150,92788,92789,92791],{},[15,92790,92670],{}," converts that range object into a list",[150,92793,92794],{},"Both can represent the same sequence of numbers",[150,92796,92797],{},"They are used differently in real programs",[20,92799,515],{},[30,92801,92803],{"className":32,"code":92802,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(5)\nlst = list(range(5))\n\nprint(r)\nprint(lst)\n",[15,92804,92805,92820,92839,92843,92853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92806,92807,92810,92812,92814,92816,92818],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92808,92809],{"class":45},"r ",[39,92811,50],{"class":49},[39,92813,53672],{"class":112},[39,92815,101],{"class":53},[39,92817,1376],{"class":57},[39,92819,80],{"class":53},[39,92821,92822,92825,92827,92829,92831,92833,92835,92837],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,92823,92824],{"class":45},"lst ",[39,92826,50],{"class":49},[39,92828,22171],{"class":2523},[39,92830,101],{"class":53},[39,92832,59589],{"class":112},[39,92834,101],{"class":53},[39,92836,1376],{"class":57},[39,92838,1026],{"class":53},[39,92840,92841],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,92842,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,92844,92845,92847,92849,92851],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,92846,113],{"class":112},[39,92848,101],{"class":53},[39,92850,60096],{"class":97},[39,92852,80],{"class":53},[39,92854,92855,92857,92859,92862],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,92856,113],{"class":112},[39,92858,101],{"class":53},[39,92860,92861],{"class":97},"lst",[39,92863,80],{"class":53},[20,92865,458],{},[30,92867,92869],{"className":32,"code":92868,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,92870,92871,92885],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92872,92873,92875,92877,92879,92881,92883],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92874,59589],{"class":112},[39,92876,101],{"class":53},[39,92878,221],{"class":57},[39,92880,61],{"class":53},[39,92882,4228],{"class":57},[39,92884,80],{"class":53},[39,92886,92887,92889,92891,92893,92895,92897,92899,92901,92903,92905,92907],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,92888,3525],{"class":53},[39,92890,221],{"class":57},[39,92892,61],{"class":53},[39,92894,595],{"class":57},[39,92896,61],{"class":53},[39,92898,64],{"class":57},[39,92900,61],{"class":53},[39,92902,73],{"class":57},[39,92904,61],{"class":53},[39,92906,2080],{"class":57},[39,92908,3262],{"class":53},[20,92910,92911],{},"Even though they represent the same values, their types are different:",[30,92913,92915],{"className":32,"code":92914,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\n",[15,92916,92917,92935],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92918,92919,92921,92923,92925,92927,92929,92931,92933],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92920,113],{"class":112},[39,92922,101],{"class":53},[39,92924,2845],{"class":2523},[39,92926,101],{"class":53},[39,92928,59589],{"class":112},[39,92930,101],{"class":53},[39,92932,1376],{"class":57},[39,92934,2534],{"class":53},[39,92936,92937,92939,92941,92943,92945,92947,92949,92951,92953,92955],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,92938,113],{"class":112},[39,92940,101],{"class":53},[39,92942,2845],{"class":2523},[39,92944,101],{"class":53},[39,92946,7710],{"class":2523},[39,92948,101],{"class":53},[39,92950,59589],{"class":112},[39,92952,101],{"class":53},[39,92954,1376],{"class":57},[39,92956,92957],{"class":53},"))))\n",[20,92959,458],{},[30,92961,92963],{"className":32,"code":92962,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,92964,92965,92979],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,92966,92967,92969,92971,92973,92975,92977],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,92968,2914],{"class":49},[39,92970,2917],{"class":1689},[39,92972,2920],{"class":243},[39,92974,59589],{"class":247},[39,92976,629],{"class":243},[39,92978,2927],{"class":49},[39,92980,92981,92983,92985,92987,92989,92991],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,92982,2914],{"class":49},[39,92984,2917],{"class":1689},[39,92986,2920],{"class":243},[39,92988,7710],{"class":247},[39,92990,629],{"class":243},[39,92992,2927],{"class":49},[20,92994,92995,92996,92998,92999,94],{},"If you want to learn more about how ",[15,92997,35812],{}," works, see ",[173,93000,3202,93001,3135],{"href":92654},[15,93002,35812],{},[134,93004,137,93006,93008],{"id":93005},"what-range-gives-you",[15,93007,35812],{}," gives you",[20,93010,93011,93013,93014,93016],{},[15,93012,35812],{}," is most often used in ",[15,93015,5574],{}," loops.",[147,93018,93019,93022,93025,93028],{},[150,93020,93021],{},"It is commonly used in loops",[150,93023,93024],{},"It represents numbers without storing them all as a list",[150,93026,93027],{},"It is memory efficient for large sequences",[150,93029,93030,93031],{},"Printing it directly shows ",[15,93032,93033],{},"range(start, stop[, step])",[20,93035,515],{},[30,93037,93039],{"className":32,"code":93038,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(5):\n    print(i)\n",[15,93040,93041,93057],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93042,93043,93045,93047,93049,93051,93053,93055],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93044,5574],{"class":572},[39,93046,69139],{"class":45},[39,93048,1128],{"class":572},[39,93050,53672],{"class":112},[39,93052,101],{"class":53},[39,93054,1376],{"class":57},[39,93056,7958],{"class":53},[39,93058,93059,93061,93063,93065],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93060,603],{"class":112},[39,93062,101],{"class":53},[39,93064,35768],{"class":97},[39,93066,80],{"class":53},[20,93068,458],{},[30,93070,93072],{"className":32,"code":93071,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"0\n1\n2\n3\n4\n",[15,93073,93074,93078,93082,93086,93090],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93075,93076],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93077,46857],{"class":57},[39,93079,93080],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93081,46522],{"class":57},[39,93083,93084],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,93085,16669],{"class":57},[39,93087,93088],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,93089,461],{"class":57},[39,93091,93092],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,93093,48256],{"class":57},[20,93095,20383,93096,93098],{},[15,93097,90444],{}," works perfectly in a loop. You do not need to convert it to a list first.",[20,93100,93101,93102,93104,93105,94],{},"This is one reason ",[15,93103,35812],{}," is so common with ",[173,93106,3202,93108,90475],{"href":93107},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-for-loops-explained",[15,93109,5574],{},[20,93111,93112],{},"You can also inspect it:",[30,93114,93116],{"className":32,"code":93115,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(2, 10, 2)\n\nprint(r)\nprint(len(r))\nprint(6 in r)\n",[15,93117,93118,93140,93144,93154,93168],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93119,93120,93122,93124,93126,93128,93130,93132,93134,93136,93138],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93121,92809],{"class":45},[39,93123,50],{"class":49},[39,93125,53672],{"class":112},[39,93127,101],{"class":53},[39,93129,104],{"class":57},[39,93131,61],{"class":53},[39,93133,692],{"class":57},[39,93135,61],{"class":53},[39,93137,64],{"class":57},[39,93139,80],{"class":53},[39,93141,93142],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93143,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,93145,93146,93148,93150,93152],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,93147,113],{"class":112},[39,93149,101],{"class":53},[39,93151,60096],{"class":97},[39,93153,80],{"class":53},[39,93155,93156,93158,93160,93162,93164,93166],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,93157,113],{"class":112},[39,93159,101],{"class":53},[39,93161,10775],{"class":112},[39,93163,101],{"class":53},[39,93165,60096],{"class":97},[39,93167,1026],{"class":53},[39,93169,93170,93172,93174,93176,93178,93181],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,93171,113],{"class":112},[39,93173,101],{"class":53},[39,93175,80184],{"class":57},[39,93177,1149],{"class":572},[39,93179,93180],{"class":97}," r",[39,93182,80],{"class":53},[20,93184,458],{},[30,93186,93188],{"className":32,"code":93187,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(2, 10, 2)\n4\nTrue\n",[15,93189,93190,93208,93212],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93191,93192,93194,93196,93198,93200,93202,93204,93206],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93193,59589],{"class":112},[39,93195,101],{"class":53},[39,93197,104],{"class":57},[39,93199,61],{"class":53},[39,93201,692],{"class":57},[39,93203,61],{"class":53},[39,93205,64],{"class":57},[39,93207,80],{"class":53},[39,93209,93210],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93211,48256],{"class":57},[39,93213,93214],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,93215,3605],{"class":3477},[134,93217,137,93219,93008],{"id":93218},"what-listrange-gives-you",[15,93220,92670],{},[20,93222,93223,93225],{},[15,93224,92670],{}," creates a full list in memory.",[147,93227,93228,93231,93234,93237],{},[150,93229,93230],{},"It creates all values at once",[150,93232,93233],{},"Printing it shows the actual numbers",[150,93235,93236],{},"It is useful when you need list behavior",[150,93238,93239,93240,93242],{},"It is less efficient than plain ",[15,93241,35812],{}," for very large sequences",[20,93244,515],{},[30,93246,93248],{"className":32,"code":93247,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list(range(5))\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,93249,93250,93268,93272,93282],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93251,93252,93254,93256,93258,93260,93262,93264,93266],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93253,46],{"class":45},[39,93255,50],{"class":49},[39,93257,22171],{"class":2523},[39,93259,101],{"class":53},[39,93261,59589],{"class":112},[39,93263,101],{"class":53},[39,93265,1376],{"class":57},[39,93267,1026],{"class":53},[39,93269,93270],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93271,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,93273,93274,93276,93278,93280],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,93275,113],{"class":112},[39,93277,101],{"class":53},[39,93279,992],{"class":97},[39,93281,80],{"class":53},[39,93283,93284,93286,93288,93290,93292,93294],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,93285,113],{"class":112},[39,93287,101],{"class":53},[39,93289,992],{"class":97},[39,93291,3525],{"class":53},[39,93293,104],{"class":57},[39,93295,3513],{"class":53},[20,93297,458],{},[30,93299,93301],{"className":32,"code":93300,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n2\n",[15,93302,93303,93327],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93304,93305,93307,93309,93311,93313,93315,93317,93319,93321,93323,93325],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93306,3525],{"class":53},[39,93308,221],{"class":57},[39,93310,61],{"class":53},[39,93312,595],{"class":57},[39,93314,61],{"class":53},[39,93316,64],{"class":57},[39,93318,61],{"class":53},[39,93320,73],{"class":57},[39,93322,61],{"class":53},[39,93324,2080],{"class":57},[39,93326,3262],{"class":53},[39,93328,93329],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93330,16669],{"class":57},[20,93332,93333],{},"This is helpful when you want clear output or when another part of your program expects a list.",[20,93335,93336,93337,94],{},"If you want to understand the conversion step itself, see ",[173,93338,3202,93339,3135],{"href":64439},[15,93340,24392],{},[134,93342,4584,93344],{"id":93343},"when-to-use-range",[15,93345,35812],{},[20,93347,128,93348,10214],{},[15,93349,35812],{},[147,93351,93352,93357,93360,93363],{},[150,93353,93354,93355,91204],{},"You are writing a ",[15,93356,5574],{},[150,93358,93359],{},"You only need to iterate over numbers",[150,93361,93362],{},"You are working with large sequences",[150,93364,93365],{},"You do not need a real list",[20,93367,515],{},[30,93369,93371],{"className":32,"code":93370,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for i in range(1, 6):\n    print(\"Count:\", i)\n",[15,93372,93373,93393],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93374,93375,93377,93379,93381,93383,93385,93387,93389,93391],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93376,5574],{"class":572},[39,93378,69139],{"class":45},[39,93380,1128],{"class":572},[39,93382,53672],{"class":112},[39,93384,101],{"class":53},[39,93386,58],{"class":57},[39,93388,61],{"class":53},[39,93390,37256],{"class":57},[39,93392,7958],{"class":53},[39,93394,93395,93397,93399,93401,93404,93406,93408,93410],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93396,603],{"class":112},[39,93398,101],{"class":53},[39,93400,244],{"class":243},[39,93402,93403],{"class":247},"Count:",[39,93405,244],{"class":243},[39,93407,61],{"class":53},[39,93409,35743],{"class":97},[39,93411,80],{"class":53},[20,93413,458],{},[30,93415,93417],{"className":32,"code":93416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Count: 1\nCount: 2\nCount: 3\nCount: 4\nCount: 5\n",[15,93418,93419,93428,93436,93444,93452],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93420,93421,93424,93426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93422,93423],{"class":45},"Count",[39,93425,145],{"class":53},[39,93427,29227],{"class":57},[39,93429,93430,93432,93434],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93431,93423],{"class":45},[39,93433,145],{"class":53},[39,93435,45196],{"class":57},[39,93437,93438,93440,93442],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,93439,93423],{"class":45},[39,93441,145],{"class":53},[39,93443,2199],{"class":57},[39,93445,93446,93448,93450],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,93447,93423],{"class":45},[39,93449,145],{"class":53},[39,93451,23275],{"class":57},[39,93453,93454,93456,93458],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,93455,93423],{"class":45},[39,93457,145],{"class":53},[39,93459,34457],{"class":57},[20,93461,93462],{},"This is the most common use.",[20,93464,93465,93466,93468,93469,61879,93471,94],{},"If you need both the index and the value while looping through another sequence, ",[15,93467,35364],{}," is often a better choice than ",[15,93470,36212],{},[173,93472,36219,93474,36222],{"href":93473},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-enumerate-in-python",[15,93475,35364],{},[134,93477,4584,93479],{"id":93478},"when-to-use-listrange",[15,93480,92670],{},[20,93482,128,93483,10214],{},[15,93484,92670],{},[147,93486,93487,93490,93493,93496],{},[150,93488,93489],{},"You need to see all values clearly",[150,93491,93492],{},"Another part of your code expects a list",[150,93494,93495],{},"You want to modify the result as a list",[150,93497,93498],{},"You are learning and list output is easier to understand",[20,93500,515],{},[30,93502,93504],{"className":32,"code":93503,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = list(range(5))\nnumbers.append(5)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,93505,93506,93524,93538,93542],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93507,93508,93510,93512,93514,93516,93518,93520,93522],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93509,46],{"class":45},[39,93511,50],{"class":49},[39,93513,22171],{"class":2523},[39,93515,101],{"class":53},[39,93517,59589],{"class":112},[39,93519,101],{"class":53},[39,93521,1376],{"class":57},[39,93523,1026],{"class":53},[39,93525,93526,93528,93530,93532,93534,93536],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93527,992],{"class":45},[39,93529,94],{"class":53},[39,93531,13163],{"class":97},[39,93533,101],{"class":53},[39,93535,1376],{"class":57},[39,93537,80],{"class":53},[39,93539,93540],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,93541,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,93543,93544,93546,93548,93550],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,93545,113],{"class":112},[39,93547,101],{"class":53},[39,93549,992],{"class":97},[39,93551,80],{"class":53},[20,93553,458],{},[30,93555,93557],{"className":32,"code":93556,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]\n",[15,93558,93559],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93560,93561,93563,93565,93567,93569,93571,93573,93575,93577,93579,93581,93583,93585],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93562,3525],{"class":53},[39,93564,221],{"class":57},[39,93566,61],{"class":53},[39,93568,595],{"class":57},[39,93570,61],{"class":53},[39,93572,64],{"class":57},[39,93574,61],{"class":53},[39,93576,73],{"class":57},[39,93578,61],{"class":53},[39,93580,2080],{"class":57},[39,93582,61],{"class":53},[39,93584,4228],{"class":57},[39,93586,3262],{"class":53},[20,93588,5675,93589,93591],{},[15,93590,992],{}," is a list.",[134,93593,15208],{"id":15207},[20,93595,93596,93598,93599,94],{},[15,93597,35812],{}," can be used like a sequence, but it is still ",[3367,93600,37210],{},[20,93602,1731],{},[147,93604,93605,93607,93612,93617,93620],{},[150,93606,21597],{},[150,93608,93609,93610],{},"You can check its length with ",[15,93611,1542],{},[150,93613,93614,93615],{},"You can test membership with ",[15,93616,1128],{},[150,93618,93619],{},"You can index it",[150,93621,93622,93623,93625],{},"But list methods such as ",[15,93624,52255],{}," do not work on it",[20,93627,515],{},[30,93629,93631],{"className":32,"code":93630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(5)\n\nprint(r[2])\nprint(len(r))\nprint(3 in r)\n",[15,93632,93633,93647,93651,93665,93679],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93634,93635,93637,93639,93641,93643,93645],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93636,92809],{"class":45},[39,93638,50],{"class":49},[39,93640,53672],{"class":112},[39,93642,101],{"class":53},[39,93644,1376],{"class":57},[39,93646,80],{"class":53},[39,93648,93649],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93650,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,93652,93653,93655,93657,93659,93661,93663],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,93654,113],{"class":112},[39,93656,101],{"class":53},[39,93658,60096],{"class":97},[39,93660,3525],{"class":53},[39,93662,104],{"class":57},[39,93664,3513],{"class":53},[39,93666,93667,93669,93671,93673,93675,93677],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,93668,113],{"class":112},[39,93670,101],{"class":53},[39,93672,10775],{"class":112},[39,93674,101],{"class":53},[39,93676,60096],{"class":97},[39,93678,1026],{"class":53},[39,93680,93681,93683,93685,93687,93689,93691],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,93682,113],{"class":112},[39,93684,101],{"class":53},[39,93686,479],{"class":57},[39,93688,1149],{"class":572},[39,93690,93180],{"class":97},[39,93692,80],{"class":53},[20,93694,458],{},[30,93696,93698],{"className":32,"code":93697,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2\n5\nTrue\n",[15,93699,93700,93704,93708],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93701,93702],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93703,16669],{"class":57},[39,93705,93706],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93707,2569],{"class":57},[39,93709,93710],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,93711,3605],{"class":3477},[20,93713,93714],{},"Now compare that with this:",[30,93716,93718],{"className":32,"code":93717,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(5)\nr.append(5)\n",[15,93719,93720,93734],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93721,93722,93724,93726,93728,93730,93732],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93723,92809],{"class":45},[39,93725,50],{"class":49},[39,93727,53672],{"class":112},[39,93729,101],{"class":53},[39,93731,1376],{"class":57},[39,93733,80],{"class":53},[39,93735,93736,93738,93740,93742,93744,93746],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93737,60096],{"class":45},[39,93739,94],{"class":53},[39,93741,13163],{"class":97},[39,93743,101],{"class":53},[39,93745,1376],{"class":57},[39,93747,80],{"class":53},[20,93749,458],{},[30,93751,93753],{"className":32,"code":93752,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"AttributeError: 'range' object has no attribute 'append'\n",[15,93754,93755],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93756,93757,93759,93761,93763,93765,93767,93769,93772,93774,93776],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93758,25283],{"class":2523},[39,93760,145],{"class":53},[39,93762,2920],{"class":243},[39,93764,59589],{"class":247},[39,93766,629],{"class":243},[39,93768,24229],{"class":2523},[39,93770,93771],{"class":45}," has no attribute ",[39,93773,629],{"class":243},[39,93775,13163],{"class":247},[39,93777,29312],{"class":243},[20,93779,93780,93781,1814,93783,1818,93785,93787],{},"If you need methods like ",[15,93782,52255],{},[15,93784,55130],{},[15,93786,63903],{},", convert the range to a list first.",[20,93789,93790,93791,94],{},"If you run into this kind of problem, see ",[173,93792,25291,93793],{"href":35034},[15,93794,33869],{},[134,93796,93798],{"id":93797},"common-confusion","Common confusion",[20,93800,93801],{},"A very common beginner mistake is expecting this:",[30,93803,93804],{"className":32,"code":92280,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,93805,93806],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93807,93808,93810,93812,93814,93816,93818],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93809,113],{"class":112},[39,93811,101],{"class":53},[39,93813,59589],{"class":112},[39,93815,101],{"class":53},[39,93817,1376],{"class":57},[39,93819,1026],{"class":53},[20,93821,93822],{},"to show:",[30,93824,93825],{"className":32,"code":59612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,93826,93827],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93828,93829,93831,93833,93835,93837,93839,93841,93843,93845,93847,93849],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93830,3525],{"class":53},[39,93832,221],{"class":57},[39,93834,61],{"class":53},[39,93836,595],{"class":57},[39,93838,61],{"class":53},[39,93840,64],{"class":57},[39,93842,61],{"class":53},[39,93844,73],{"class":57},[39,93846,61],{"class":53},[39,93848,2080],{"class":57},[39,93850,3262],{"class":53},[20,93852,93853],{},"But in Python 3, it shows:",[30,93855,93856],{"className":32,"code":92301,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,93857,93858],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93859,93860,93862,93864,93866,93868,93870],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93861,59589],{"class":112},[39,93863,101],{"class":53},[39,93865,221],{"class":57},[39,93867,61],{"class":53},[39,93869,4228],{"class":57},[39,93871,80],{"class":53},[20,93873,4251,93874,93876],{},[3367,93875,4254],{}," mean the code is wrong.",[20,93878,93879,93880,93882],{},"It only means Python is showing the ",[3367,93881,92688],{},", not converting it to a list for display.",[20,93884,93885],{},"If you want list-style output, do this:",[30,93887,93888],{"className":32,"code":90637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,93889,93890],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93891,93892,93894,93896,93898,93900,93902,93904,93906],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93893,113],{"class":112},[39,93895,101],{"class":53},[39,93897,7710],{"class":2523},[39,93899,101],{"class":53},[39,93901,59589],{"class":112},[39,93903,101],{"class":53},[39,93905,1376],{"class":57},[39,93907,2534],{"class":53},[20,93909,458],{},[30,93911,93912],{"className":32,"code":59612,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,93913,93914],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93915,93916,93918,93920,93922,93924,93926,93928,93930,93932,93934,93936],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93917,3525],{"class":53},[39,93919,221],{"class":57},[39,93921,61],{"class":53},[39,93923,595],{"class":57},[39,93925,61],{"class":53},[39,93927,64],{"class":57},[39,93929,61],{"class":53},[39,93931,73],{"class":57},[39,93933,61],{"class":53},[39,93935,2080],{"class":57},[39,93937,3262],{"class":53},[134,93939,944],{"id":943},[20,93941,93942],{},"These are the most common causes of confusion:",[147,93944,93945,93951,93954,93960],{},[150,93946,948,93947,93950],{},[15,93948,93949],{},"print(range(5))"," and expecting a list",[150,93952,93953],{},"Trying to call list methods on a range object",[150,93955,93956,93957,93959],{},"Not realizing that ",[15,93958,35812],{}," is iterable but not a list",[150,93961,948,93962,93964,93965,93967],{},[15,93963,92670],{}," when plain ",[15,93966,35812],{}," would be simpler",[20,93969,93970],{},"These quick checks can help:",[30,93972,93974],{"className":32,"code":93973,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(range(5))\nprint(list(range(5)))\nprint(type(range(5)))\nprint(type(list(range(5))))\nprint(3 in range(5))\nprint(len(range(5)))\n",[15,93975,93976,93990,94008,94026,94048,94066],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,93977,93978,93980,93982,93984,93986,93988],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,93979,113],{"class":112},[39,93981,101],{"class":53},[39,93983,59589],{"class":112},[39,93985,101],{"class":53},[39,93987,1376],{"class":57},[39,93989,1026],{"class":53},[39,93991,93992,93994,93996,93998,94000,94002,94004,94006],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,93993,113],{"class":112},[39,93995,101],{"class":53},[39,93997,7710],{"class":2523},[39,93999,101],{"class":53},[39,94001,59589],{"class":112},[39,94003,101],{"class":53},[39,94005,1376],{"class":57},[39,94007,2534],{"class":53},[39,94009,94010,94012,94014,94016,94018,94020,94022,94024],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,94011,113],{"class":112},[39,94013,101],{"class":53},[39,94015,2845],{"class":2523},[39,94017,101],{"class":53},[39,94019,59589],{"class":112},[39,94021,101],{"class":53},[39,94023,1376],{"class":57},[39,94025,2534],{"class":53},[39,94027,94028,94030,94032,94034,94036,94038,94040,94042,94044,94046],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,94029,113],{"class":112},[39,94031,101],{"class":53},[39,94033,2845],{"class":2523},[39,94035,101],{"class":53},[39,94037,7710],{"class":2523},[39,94039,101],{"class":53},[39,94041,59589],{"class":112},[39,94043,101],{"class":53},[39,94045,1376],{"class":57},[39,94047,92957],{"class":53},[39,94049,94050,94052,94054,94056,94058,94060,94062,94064],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,94051,113],{"class":112},[39,94053,101],{"class":53},[39,94055,479],{"class":57},[39,94057,1149],{"class":572},[39,94059,53672],{"class":112},[39,94061,101],{"class":53},[39,94063,1376],{"class":57},[39,94065,1026],{"class":53},[39,94067,94068,94070,94072,94074,94076,94078,94080,94082],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,94069,113],{"class":112},[39,94071,101],{"class":53},[39,94073,10775],{"class":112},[39,94075,101],{"class":53},[39,94077,59589],{"class":112},[39,94079,101],{"class":53},[39,94081,1376],{"class":57},[39,94083,2534],{"class":53},[20,94085,458],{},[30,94087,94089],{"className":32,"code":94088,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"range(0, 5)\n[0, 1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'range'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\nTrue\n5\n",[15,94090,94091,94105,94129,94143,94157,94161],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94092,94093,94095,94097,94099,94101,94103],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94094,59589],{"class":112},[39,94096,101],{"class":53},[39,94098,221],{"class":57},[39,94100,61],{"class":53},[39,94102,4228],{"class":57},[39,94104,80],{"class":53},[39,94106,94107,94109,94111,94113,94115,94117,94119,94121,94123,94125,94127],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94108,3525],{"class":53},[39,94110,221],{"class":57},[39,94112,61],{"class":53},[39,94114,595],{"class":57},[39,94116,61],{"class":53},[39,94118,64],{"class":57},[39,94120,61],{"class":53},[39,94122,73],{"class":57},[39,94124,61],{"class":53},[39,94126,2080],{"class":57},[39,94128,3262],{"class":53},[39,94130,94131,94133,94135,94137,94139,94141],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,94132,2914],{"class":49},[39,94134,2917],{"class":1689},[39,94136,2920],{"class":243},[39,94138,59589],{"class":247},[39,94140,629],{"class":243},[39,94142,2927],{"class":49},[39,94144,94145,94147,94149,94151,94153,94155],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,94146,2914],{"class":49},[39,94148,2917],{"class":1689},[39,94150,2920],{"class":243},[39,94152,7710],{"class":247},[39,94154,629],{"class":243},[39,94156,2927],{"class":49},[39,94158,94159],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,94160,3605],{"class":3477},[39,94162,94163],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,94164,2569],{"class":57},[134,94166,1454],{"id":1453},[223,94168,14514,94170,94172],{"id":94169},"is-range-a-list-in-python",[15,94171,35812],{}," a list in Python?",[20,94174,45971,94175,94177],{},[15,94176,35812],{}," returns a range object. It can be iterated over, but it is not a list.",[223,94179,94181,94182,10705,94184,929],{"id":94180},"why-use-range-instead-of-listrange","Why use ",[15,94183,35812],{},[15,94185,92670],{},[20,94187,94188,94190,94191,94193],{},[15,94189,35812],{}," is better for loops and usually uses less memory. ",[15,94192,92670],{}," creates a full list.",[223,94195,94197],{"id":94196},"can-i-index-a-range-object","Can I index a range object?",[20,94199,94200],{},"Yes. A range object supports indexing, but it still is not a list.",[20,94202,515],{},[30,94204,94206],{"className":32,"code":94205,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"r = range(5)\nprint(r[1])\n",[15,94207,94208,94222],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94209,94210,94212,94214,94216,94218,94220],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94211,92809],{"class":45},[39,94213,50],{"class":49},[39,94215,53672],{"class":112},[39,94217,101],{"class":53},[39,94219,1376],{"class":57},[39,94221,80],{"class":53},[39,94223,94224,94226,94228,94230,94232,94234],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94225,113],{"class":112},[39,94227,101],{"class":53},[39,94229,60096],{"class":97},[39,94231,3525],{"class":53},[39,94233,58],{"class":57},[39,94235,3513],{"class":53},[20,94237,458],{},[30,94239,94240],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,94241,94242],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94243,94244],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94245,46522],{"class":57},[223,94247,922,94249,94251],{"id":94248},"why-does-printrange5-not-show-all-numbers",[15,94250,93949],{}," not show all numbers?",[20,94253,94254,94255,94258],{},"Because Python shows the range object representation. Use ",[15,94256,94257],{},"list(range(5))"," to display the numbers as a list.",[223,94260,94262,94263,94265],{"id":94261},"when-should-i-convert-range-to-a-list","When should I convert ",[15,94264,35812],{}," to a list?",[20,94267,94268],{},"Convert it when you need a real list, want list methods, or want clearer displayed output.",[134,94270,1514],{"id":1513},[147,94272,94273,94279,94285,94292,94298],{},[150,94274,94275],{},[173,94276,3202,94277,3135],{"href":92654},[15,94278,35812],{},[150,94280,94281],{},[173,94282,3202,94283,3135],{"href":64439},[15,94284,24392],{},[150,94286,94287],{},[173,94288,3202,94289,94291],{"href":93107},[15,94290,5574],{}," loops explained",[150,94293,94294],{},[173,94295,37131,94296,36222],{"href":93473},[15,94297,35364],{},[150,94299,94300],{},[173,94301,25734,94302],{"href":35034},[15,94303,33869],{},[1550,94305,94306],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":94308},[94309,94310,94311,94313,94315,94317,94319,94320,94321,94322,94333],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":92773,"depth":83,"text":92774},{"id":93005,"depth":83,"text":94312},"What range() gives you",{"id":93218,"depth":83,"text":94314},"What list(range()) gives you",{"id":93343,"depth":83,"text":94316},"When to use range()",{"id":93478,"depth":83,"text":94318},"When to use list(range())",{"id":15207,"depth":83,"text":15208},{"id":93797,"depth":83,"text":93798},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":94323},[94324,94326,94328,94329,94331],{"id":94169,"depth":109,"text":94325},"Is range() a list in Python?",{"id":94180,"depth":109,"text":94327},"Why use range() instead of list(range())?",{"id":94196,"depth":109,"text":94197},{"id":94248,"depth":109,"text":94330},"Why does print(range(5)) not show all numbers?",{"id":94261,"depth":109,"text":94332},"When should I convert range() to a list?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python range vs listrange explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained",{"title":92660,"description":94334},"reference\u002Fpython-range-vs-listrange-explained","rOnOrM8csHUwdMRaIQMxGCpXq2ANZXuGWJ3KxGj9cv8",{"id":94341,"title":94342,"body":94343,"description":95779,"extension":1587,"meta":95780,"navigation":420,"path":95781,"seo":95782,"stem":95783,"__hash__":95784},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained.md","Python round() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":94344,"toc":95745},[94345,94351,94356,94359,94373,94376,94378,94417,94419,94432,94440,94445,94461,94464,94466,94468,94489,94506,94509,94568,94570,94589,94594,94600,94603,94637,94639,94652,94655,94700,94702,94725,94732,94738,94741,94782,94784,94798,94801,94859,94861,94876,94889,94895,94901,94966,94968,94987,94989,95007,95010,95014,95020,95022,95055,95057,95070,95080,95083,95144,95146,95167,95170,95172,95188,95193,95197,95202,95207,95263,95265,95283,95286,95331,95333,95341,95346,95350,95364,95366,95398,95400,95409,95411,95415,95424,95427,95459,95461,95473,95476,95480,95485,95526,95528,95536,95539,95562,95566,95568,95577,95580,95633,95635,95644,95648,95653,95664,95666,95675,95678,95684,95687,95693,95703,95711,95718,95720,95742],[10,94346,3202,94348,3206],{"id":94347},"python-round-function-explained",[15,94349,94350],{},"round()",[20,94352,8735,94353,94355],{},[15,94354,94350],{}," function returns a rounded version of a number.",[20,94357,94358],{},"You can use it in two common ways:",[147,94360,94361,94367],{},[150,94362,94363,94366],{},[15,94364,94365],{},"round(number)"," rounds to the nearest whole number",[150,94368,94369,94372],{},[15,94370,94371],{},"round(number, digits)"," rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94374,94375],{},"This is useful when you want cleaner numeric output or when you need to limit decimal places in a result.",[134,94377,1629],{"id":1628},[30,94379,94381],{"className":32,"code":94380,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(3.14159))\nprint(round(3.14159, 2))\n",[15,94382,94383,94399],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94384,94385,94387,94389,94392,94394,94397],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94386,113],{"class":112},[39,94388,101],{"class":53},[39,94390,94391],{"class":112},"round",[39,94393,101],{"class":53},[39,94395,94396],{"class":57},"3.14159",[39,94398,1026],{"class":53},[39,94400,94401,94403,94405,94407,94409,94411,94413,94415],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94402,113],{"class":112},[39,94404,101],{"class":53},[39,94406,94391],{"class":112},[39,94408,101],{"class":53},[39,94410,94396],{"class":57},[39,94412,61],{"class":53},[39,94414,64],{"class":57},[39,94416,1026],{"class":53},[20,94418,458],{},[30,94420,94422],{"className":32,"code":94421,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n3.14\n",[15,94423,94424,94428],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94425,94426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94427,461],{"class":57},[39,94429,94430],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94431,39788],{"class":57},[20,94433,128,94434,94436,94437,94439],{},[15,94435,94365],{}," to round to the nearest whole number, or ",[15,94438,94371],{}," to keep a set number of decimal places.",[134,94441,137,94443,140],{"id":94442},"what-round-does",[15,94444,94350],{},[147,94446,94447,94452,94455,94458],{},[150,94448,94449,94451],{},[15,94450,94350],{}," is a built-in Python function",[150,94453,94454],{},"It returns a rounded version of a number",[150,94456,94457],{},"With one argument, it rounds to the nearest integer",[150,94459,94460],{},"With two arguments, it rounds to a chosen number of decimal places",[20,94462,94463],{},"You do not need to import anything to use it.",[134,94465,1781],{"id":1780},[20,94467,1784],{},[30,94469,94471],{"className":32,"code":94470,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"round(number[, ndigits])\n",[15,94472,94473],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94474,94475,94477,94479,94481,94484,94487],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94476,94391],{"class":112},[39,94478,101],{"class":53},[39,94480,1864],{"class":97},[39,94482,94483],{"class":53},"[,",[39,94485,94486],{"class":97}," ndigits",[39,94488,3513],{"class":53},[147,94490,94491,94496,94501],{},[150,94492,94493,94495],{},[15,94494,1864],{}," is the value to round",[150,94497,94498,19651],{},[15,94499,94500],{},"ndigits",[150,94502,94503,94505],{},[15,94504,94500],{}," can be positive, zero, or negative",[20,94507,94508],{},"Basic examples:",[30,94510,94512],{"className":32,"code":94511,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(7.8))\nprint(round(7.8, 1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\n",[15,94513,94514,94529,94547],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94515,94516,94518,94520,94522,94524,94527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94517,113],{"class":112},[39,94519,101],{"class":53},[39,94521,94391],{"class":112},[39,94523,101],{"class":53},[39,94525,94526],{"class":57},"7.8",[39,94528,1026],{"class":53},[39,94530,94531,94533,94535,94537,94539,94541,94543,94545],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94532,113],{"class":112},[39,94534,101],{"class":53},[39,94536,94391],{"class":112},[39,94538,101],{"class":53},[39,94540,94526],{"class":57},[39,94542,61],{"class":53},[39,94544,595],{"class":57},[39,94546,1026],{"class":53},[39,94548,94549,94551,94553,94555,94557,94560,94562,94564,94566],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,94550,113],{"class":112},[39,94552,101],{"class":53},[39,94554,94391],{"class":112},[39,94556,101],{"class":53},[39,94558,94559],{"class":57},"1234",[39,94561,61],{"class":53},[39,94563,1847],{"class":49},[39,94565,104],{"class":57},[39,94567,1026],{"class":53},[20,94569,458],{},[30,94571,94573],{"className":32,"code":94572,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"8\n7.8\n1200\n",[15,94574,94575,94579,94584],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94576,94577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94578,2005],{"class":57},[39,94580,94581],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94582,94583],{"class":57},"7.8\n",[39,94585,94586],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,94587,94588],{"class":57},"1200\n",[20,94590,94591,94592,94],{},"If you are still getting used to Python number types, see ",[173,94593,2043],{"href":2042},[134,94595,948,94597,94599],{"id":94596},"using-round-with-one-argument",[15,94598,94350],{}," with one argument",[20,94601,94602],{},"When you pass only one argument, Python rounds to the nearest whole number.",[30,94604,94606],{"className":32,"code":94605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(4.2))\nprint(round(4.8))\n",[15,94607,94608,94622],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94609,94610,94612,94614,94616,94618,94620],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94611,113],{"class":112},[39,94613,101],{"class":53},[39,94615,94391],{"class":112},[39,94617,101],{"class":53},[39,94619,1986],{"class":57},[39,94621,1026],{"class":53},[39,94623,94624,94626,94628,94630,94632,94635],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94625,113],{"class":112},[39,94627,101],{"class":53},[39,94629,94391],{"class":112},[39,94631,101],{"class":53},[39,94633,94634],{"class":57},"4.8",[39,94636,1026],{"class":53},[20,94638,458],{},[30,94640,94642],{"className":32,"code":94641,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4\n5\n",[15,94643,94644,94648],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94645,94646],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94647,48256],{"class":57},[39,94649,94650],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94651,2569],{"class":57},[20,94653,94654],{},"With a normal float, the result is usually an integer:",[30,94656,94658],{"className":32,"code":94657,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = round(10.2)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,94659,94660,94676,94686],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94661,94662,94664,94666,94669,94671,94674],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94663,86],{"class":45},[39,94665,50],{"class":49},[39,94667,94668],{"class":112}," round",[39,94670,101],{"class":53},[39,94672,94673],{"class":57},"10.2",[39,94675,80],{"class":53},[39,94677,94678,94680,94682,94684],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94679,113],{"class":112},[39,94681,101],{"class":53},[39,94683,118],{"class":97},[39,94685,80],{"class":53},[39,94687,94688,94690,94692,94694,94696,94698],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,94689,113],{"class":112},[39,94691,101],{"class":53},[39,94693,2845],{"class":2523},[39,94695,101],{"class":53},[39,94697,118],{"class":97},[39,94699,1026],{"class":53},[20,94701,458],{},[30,94703,94705],{"className":32,"code":94704,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,94706,94707,94711],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94708,94709],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94710,2000],{"class":57},[39,94712,94713,94715,94717,94719,94721,94723],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94714,2914],{"class":49},[39,94716,2917],{"class":1689},[39,94718,2920],{"class":243},[39,94720,1813],{"class":247},[39,94722,629],{"class":243},[39,94724,2927],{"class":49},[20,94726,94727,94728,94],{},"If you need to convert values directly to integers without rounding rules, compare this with ",[173,94729,3202,94730,3135],{"href":2496},[15,94731,2499],{},[134,94733,948,94735,94737],{"id":94734},"using-round-with-decimal-places",[15,94736,94350],{}," with decimal places",[20,94739,94740],{},"You can pass a second argument to control how many decimal places to keep.",[30,94742,94744],{"className":32,"code":94743,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(3.14159, 2))\nprint(round(3.14159, 3))\n",[15,94745,94746,94764],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94747,94748,94750,94752,94754,94756,94758,94760,94762],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94749,113],{"class":112},[39,94751,101],{"class":53},[39,94753,94391],{"class":112},[39,94755,101],{"class":53},[39,94757,94396],{"class":57},[39,94759,61],{"class":53},[39,94761,64],{"class":57},[39,94763,1026],{"class":53},[39,94765,94766,94768,94770,94772,94774,94776,94778,94780],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94767,113],{"class":112},[39,94769,101],{"class":53},[39,94771,94391],{"class":112},[39,94773,101],{"class":53},[39,94775,94396],{"class":57},[39,94777,61],{"class":53},[39,94779,73],{"class":57},[39,94781,1026],{"class":53},[20,94783,458],{},[30,94785,94787],{"className":32,"code":94786,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.14\n3.142\n",[15,94788,94789,94793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94790,94791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94792,39788],{"class":57},[39,94794,94795],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94796,94797],{"class":57},"3.142\n",[20,94799,94800],{},"This is helpful when you want a simpler numeric value for calculations or reporting.",[30,94802,94804],{"className":32,"code":94803,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = 19.9876\nrounded_price = round(price, 2)\n\nprint(price)\nprint(rounded_price)\n",[15,94805,94806,94815,94834,94838,94848],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94807,94808,94810,94812],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94809,39998],{"class":45},[39,94811,50],{"class":49},[39,94813,94814],{"class":57}," 19.9876\n",[39,94816,94817,94820,94822,94824,94826,94828,94830,94832],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94818,94819],{"class":45},"rounded_price ",[39,94821,50],{"class":49},[39,94823,94668],{"class":112},[39,94825,101],{"class":53},[39,94827,24761],{"class":97},[39,94829,61],{"class":53},[39,94831,64],{"class":57},[39,94833,80],{"class":53},[39,94835,94836],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,94837,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,94839,94840,94842,94844,94846],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,94841,113],{"class":112},[39,94843,101],{"class":53},[39,94845,24761],{"class":97},[39,94847,80],{"class":53},[39,94849,94850,94852,94854,94857],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,94851,113],{"class":112},[39,94853,101],{"class":53},[39,94855,94856],{"class":97},"rounded_price",[39,94858,80],{"class":53},[20,94860,458],{},[30,94862,94864],{"className":32,"code":94863,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"19.9876\n19.99\n",[15,94865,94866,94871],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94867,94868],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94869,94870],{"class":57},"19.9876\n",[39,94872,94873],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94874,94875],{"class":57},"19.99\n",[20,94877,94878,94879,94882,94883,177,94885,94],{},"If you need to convert text such as ",[15,94880,94881],{},"\"3.14159\""," before rounding, see ",[173,94884,40503],{"href":40502},[173,94886,3202,94887,3135],{"href":2502},[15,94888,2505],{},[134,94890,94892,94893],{"id":94891},"using-negative-ndigits","Using negative ",[15,94894,94500],{},[20,94896,94897,94898,94900],{},"A negative ",[15,94899,94500],{}," value rounds to tens, hundreds, or larger place values.",[30,94902,94904],{"className":32,"code":94903,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(1234, -1))\nprint(round(1234, -2))\nprint(round(1234, -3))\n",[15,94905,94906,94926,94946],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94907,94908,94910,94912,94914,94916,94918,94920,94922,94924],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94909,113],{"class":112},[39,94911,101],{"class":53},[39,94913,94391],{"class":112},[39,94915,101],{"class":53},[39,94917,94559],{"class":57},[39,94919,61],{"class":53},[39,94921,1847],{"class":49},[39,94923,58],{"class":57},[39,94925,1026],{"class":53},[39,94927,94928,94930,94932,94934,94936,94938,94940,94942,94944],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94929,113],{"class":112},[39,94931,101],{"class":53},[39,94933,94391],{"class":112},[39,94935,101],{"class":53},[39,94937,94559],{"class":57},[39,94939,61],{"class":53},[39,94941,1847],{"class":49},[39,94943,104],{"class":57},[39,94945,1026],{"class":53},[39,94947,94948,94950,94952,94954,94956,94958,94960,94962,94964],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,94949,113],{"class":112},[39,94951,101],{"class":53},[39,94953,94391],{"class":112},[39,94955,101],{"class":53},[39,94957,94559],{"class":57},[39,94959,61],{"class":53},[39,94961,1847],{"class":49},[39,94963,479],{"class":57},[39,94965,1026],{"class":53},[20,94967,458],{},[30,94969,94971],{"className":32,"code":94970,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1230\n1200\n1000\n",[15,94972,94973,94978,94982],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,94974,94975],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,94976,94977],{"class":57},"1230\n",[39,94979,94980],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,94981,94588],{"class":57},[39,94983,94984],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,94985,94986],{"class":57},"1000\n",[20,94988,65175],{},[147,94990,94991,94996,95002],{},[150,94992,94993,94995],{},[15,94994,65445],{}," rounds to the nearest 10",[150,94997,94998,95001],{},[15,94999,95000],{},"-2"," rounds to the nearest 100",[150,95003,95004,95006],{},[15,95005,47276],{}," rounds to the nearest 1000",[20,95008,95009],{},"This can be useful when you want less precise but easier-to-read numbers.",[134,95011,95013],{"id":95012},"important-behavior-beginners-notice","Important behavior beginners notice",[20,95015,95016,95017,94],{},"Some results may look surprising with numbers ending in ",[15,95018,95019],{},".5",[20,95021,5088],{},[30,95023,95025],{"className":32,"code":95024,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\n",[15,95026,95027,95041],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95028,95029,95031,95033,95035,95037,95039],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95030,113],{"class":112},[39,95032,101],{"class":53},[39,95034,94391],{"class":112},[39,95036,101],{"class":53},[39,95038,40768],{"class":57},[39,95040,1026],{"class":53},[39,95042,95043,95045,95047,95049,95051,95053],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95044,113],{"class":112},[39,95046,101],{"class":53},[39,95048,94391],{"class":112},[39,95050,101],{"class":53},[39,95052,1665],{"class":57},[39,95054,1026],{"class":53},[20,95056,458],{},[30,95058,95060],{"className":32,"code":95059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2\n4\n",[15,95061,95062,95066],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95063,95064],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95065,16669],{"class":57},[39,95067,95068],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95069,48256],{"class":57},[20,95071,95072,95073,95076,95077,95079],{},"Python uses ",[3367,95074,95075],{},"banker's rounding"," in tie cases. That means it rounds to the nearest even number in some ",[15,95078,95019],{}," situations.",[20,95081,95082],{},"More examples:",[30,95084,95086],{"className":32,"code":95085,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(round(1.5))\nprint(round(2.5))\nprint(round(3.5))\nprint(round(4.5))\n",[15,95087,95088,95102,95116,95130],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95089,95090,95092,95094,95096,95098,95100],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95091,113],{"class":112},[39,95093,101],{"class":53},[39,95095,94391],{"class":112},[39,95097,101],{"class":53},[39,95099,40781],{"class":57},[39,95101,1026],{"class":53},[39,95103,95104,95106,95108,95110,95112,95114],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95105,113],{"class":112},[39,95107,101],{"class":53},[39,95109,94391],{"class":112},[39,95111,101],{"class":53},[39,95113,40768],{"class":57},[39,95115,1026],{"class":53},[39,95117,95118,95120,95122,95124,95126,95128],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,95119,113],{"class":112},[39,95121,101],{"class":53},[39,95123,94391],{"class":112},[39,95125,101],{"class":53},[39,95127,1665],{"class":57},[39,95129,1026],{"class":53},[39,95131,95132,95134,95136,95138,95140,95142],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,95133,113],{"class":112},[39,95135,101],{"class":53},[39,95137,94391],{"class":112},[39,95139,101],{"class":53},[39,95141,40733],{"class":57},[39,95143,1026],{"class":53},[20,95145,458],{},[30,95147,95149],{"className":32,"code":95148,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2\n2\n4\n4\n",[15,95150,95151,95155,95159,95163],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95152,95153],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95154,16669],{"class":57},[39,95156,95157],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95158,16669],{"class":57},[39,95160,95161],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,95162,48256],{"class":57},[39,95164,95165],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,95166,48256],{"class":57},[20,95168,95169],{},"This is normal Python behavior, not a bug.",[20,95171,10326],{},[147,95173,95174,95181],{},[150,95175,95176,1757,95179],{},[15,95177,95178],{},"round(2.5)",[15,95180,104],{},[150,95182,95183,1757,95186],{},[15,95184,95185],{},"round(3.5)",[15,95187,1333],{},[20,95189,2792,95190,95192],{},[15,95191,95019],{}," to always round upward, this behavior can be confusing at first.",[134,95194,95196],{"id":95195},"return-values","Return values",[20,95198,95199,95201],{},[15,95200,94350],{}," returns the rounded value.",[20,95203,40517,95204,95206],{},[3367,95205,4254],{}," change the original variable unless you save the result.",[30,95208,95210],{"className":32,"code":95209,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.14159\n\nprint(value)\nprint(round(value, 2))\nprint(value)\n",[15,95211,95212,95221,95225,95235,95253],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95213,95214,95216,95218],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95215,2070],{"class":45},[39,95217,50],{"class":49},[39,95219,95220],{"class":57}," 3.14159\n",[39,95222,95223],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95224,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,95226,95227,95229,95231,95233],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,95228,113],{"class":112},[39,95230,101],{"class":53},[39,95232,155],{"class":97},[39,95234,80],{"class":53},[39,95236,95237,95239,95241,95243,95245,95247,95249,95251],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,95238,113],{"class":112},[39,95240,101],{"class":53},[39,95242,94391],{"class":112},[39,95244,101],{"class":53},[39,95246,155],{"class":97},[39,95248,61],{"class":53},[39,95250,64],{"class":57},[39,95252,1026],{"class":53},[39,95254,95255,95257,95259,95261],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,95256,113],{"class":112},[39,95258,101],{"class":53},[39,95260,155],{"class":97},[39,95262,80],{"class":53},[20,95264,458],{},[30,95266,95268],{"className":32,"code":95267,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.14159\n3.14\n3.14159\n",[15,95269,95270,95275,95279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95271,95272],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95273,95274],{"class":57},"3.14159\n",[39,95276,95277],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95278,39788],{"class":57},[39,95280,95281],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,95282,95274],{"class":57},[20,95284,95285],{},"If you want to keep the rounded value, assign it:",[30,95287,95289],{"className":32,"code":95288,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.14159\nvalue = round(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95290,95291,95299,95317,95321],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95292,95293,95295,95297],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95294,2070],{"class":45},[39,95296,50],{"class":49},[39,95298,95220],{"class":57},[39,95300,95301,95303,95305,95307,95309,95311,95313,95315],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95302,2070],{"class":45},[39,95304,50],{"class":49},[39,95306,94668],{"class":112},[39,95308,101],{"class":53},[39,95310,155],{"class":97},[39,95312,61],{"class":53},[39,95314,64],{"class":57},[39,95316,80],{"class":53},[39,95318,95319],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,95320,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,95322,95323,95325,95327,95329],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,95324,113],{"class":112},[39,95326,101],{"class":53},[39,95328,155],{"class":97},[39,95330,80],{"class":53},[20,95332,458],{},[30,95334,95335],{"className":32,"code":39788,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,95336,95337],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95338,95339],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95340,39788],{"class":57},[134,95342,4584,95344],{"id":95343},"when-to-use-round",[15,95345,94350],{},[20,95347,128,95348,5933],{},[15,95349,94350],{},[147,95351,95352,95355,95358,95361],{},[150,95353,95354],{},"Display simpler numeric output",[150,95356,95357],{},"Limit decimal places in calculations",[150,95359,95360],{},"Round values before reporting results",[150,95362,95363],{},"Prepare numbers for easier reading",[20,95365,5088],{},[30,95367,95369],{"className":32,"code":95368,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"distance = 12.67891\nprint(round(distance, 2))\n",[15,95370,95371,95380],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95372,95373,95375,95377],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95374,2218],{"class":45},[39,95376,50],{"class":49},[39,95378,95379],{"class":57}," 12.67891\n",[39,95381,95382,95384,95386,95388,95390,95392,95394,95396],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95383,113],{"class":112},[39,95385,101],{"class":53},[39,95387,94391],{"class":112},[39,95389,101],{"class":53},[39,95391,2241],{"class":97},[39,95393,61],{"class":53},[39,95395,64],{"class":57},[39,95397,1026],{"class":53},[20,95399,458],{},[30,95401,95403],{"className":32,"code":95402,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"12.68\n",[15,95404,95405],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95406,95407],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95408,95402],{"class":57},[134,95410,944],{"id":943},[20,95412,22706,95413,94],{},[15,95414,94350],{},[223,95416,1030,95418,95420,95421,95423],{"id":95417},"expecting-round-to-always-round-5-upward",[15,95419,94350],{}," to always round ",[15,95422,95019],{}," upward",[20,95425,95426],{},"This is one of the most common surprises.",[30,95428,95429],{"className":32,"code":95024,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,95430,95431,95445],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95432,95433,95435,95437,95439,95441,95443],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95434,113],{"class":112},[39,95436,101],{"class":53},[39,95438,94391],{"class":112},[39,95440,101],{"class":53},[39,95442,40768],{"class":57},[39,95444,1026],{"class":53},[39,95446,95447,95449,95451,95453,95455,95457],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95448,113],{"class":112},[39,95450,101],{"class":53},[39,95452,94391],{"class":112},[39,95454,101],{"class":53},[39,95456,1665],{"class":57},[39,95458,1026],{"class":53},[20,95460,458],{},[30,95462,95463],{"className":32,"code":95059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,95464,95465,95469],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95466,95467],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95468,16669],{"class":57},[39,95470,95471],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95472,48256],{"class":57},[20,95474,95475],{},"Python may round tie values to the nearest even number.",[223,95477,95479],{"id":95478},"forgetting-to-save-the-returned-value","Forgetting to save the returned value",[20,95481,95482,95484],{},[15,95483,94350],{}," returns a new value. It does not update the old one by itself.",[30,95486,95488],{"className":32,"code":95487,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 3.14159\nround(value, 2)\n\nprint(value)\n",[15,95489,95490,95498,95512,95516],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95491,95492,95494,95496],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95493,2070],{"class":45},[39,95495,50],{"class":49},[39,95497,95220],{"class":57},[39,95499,95500,95502,95504,95506,95508,95510],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95501,94391],{"class":112},[39,95503,101],{"class":53},[39,95505,155],{"class":97},[39,95507,61],{"class":53},[39,95509,64],{"class":57},[39,95511,80],{"class":53},[39,95513,95514],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,95515,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,95517,95518,95520,95522,95524],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,95519,113],{"class":112},[39,95521,101],{"class":53},[39,95523,155],{"class":97},[39,95525,80],{"class":53},[20,95527,458],{},[30,95529,95530],{"className":32,"code":95274,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,95531,95532],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95533,95534],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95535,95274],{"class":57},[20,95537,95538],{},"To keep the rounded result:",[30,95540,95542],{"className":32,"code":95541,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = round(value, 2)\n",[15,95543,95544],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95545,95546,95548,95550,95552,95554,95556,95558,95560],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95547,2070],{"class":45},[39,95549,50],{"class":49},[39,95551,94668],{"class":112},[39,95553,101],{"class":53},[39,95555,155],{"class":97},[39,95557,61],{"class":53},[39,95559,64],{"class":57},[39,95561,80],{"class":53},[223,95563,95565],{"id":95564},"passing-a-string-instead-of-a-number","Passing a string instead of a number",[20,95567,16013],{},[30,95569,95571],{"className":32,"code":95570,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# print(round(\"3.14\", 1))\n",[15,95572,95573],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95574,95575],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95576,95570],{"class":124},[20,95578,95579],{},"You need to convert the string first:",[30,95581,95583],{"className":32,"code":95582,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"3.14\"\nnumber = float(text)\n\nprint(round(number, 1))\n",[15,95584,95585,95597,95611,95615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95586,95587,95589,95591,95593,95595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95588,34302],{"class":45},[39,95590,50],{"class":49},[39,95592,255],{"class":243},[39,95594,39754],{"class":247},[39,95596,2983],{"class":243},[39,95598,95599,95601,95603,95605,95607,95609],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95600,1842],{"class":45},[39,95602,50],{"class":49},[39,95604,39866],{"class":2523},[39,95606,101],{"class":53},[39,95608,34323],{"class":97},[39,95610,80],{"class":53},[39,95612,95613],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,95614,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,95616,95617,95619,95621,95623,95625,95627,95629,95631],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,95618,113],{"class":112},[39,95620,101],{"class":53},[39,95622,94391],{"class":112},[39,95624,101],{"class":53},[39,95626,1864],{"class":97},[39,95628,61],{"class":53},[39,95630,595],{"class":57},[39,95632,1026],{"class":53},[20,95634,458],{},[30,95636,95638],{"className":32,"code":95637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.1\n",[15,95639,95640],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95641,95642],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95643,95637],{"class":57},[223,95645,95647],{"id":95646},"confusing-rounding-a-value-with-formatting-text-output","Confusing rounding a value with formatting text output",[20,95649,95650,95652],{},[15,95651,94350],{}," changes the numeric value it returns. It is not the same as formatting text for display.",[20,95654,95655,95656,177,95660,94],{},"If your data starts as text, convert it first with ",[173,95657,95658],{"href":2502},[15,95659,2505],{},[173,95661,95662],{"href":2496},[15,95663,2499],{},[134,95665,1454],{"id":1453},[223,95667,1468,95669,95671,95672,95674],{"id":95668},"does-round-always-round-05-up",[15,95670,94350],{}," always round ",[15,95673,39825],{}," up?",[20,95676,95677],{},"No. In tie cases, Python may round to the nearest even number.",[223,95679,1468,95681,95683],{"id":95680},"does-round-change-the-original-number",[15,95682,94350],{}," change the original number?",[20,95685,95686],{},"No. It returns a new value. You must assign it if you want to keep it.",[223,95688,1487,95690,95692],{"id":95689},"can-round-round-to-tens-or-hundreds",[15,95691,94350],{}," round to tens or hundreds?",[20,95694,95695,95696,95698,95699,177,95701,94],{},"Yes. Use a negative ",[15,95697,94500],{}," value like ",[15,95700,65445],{},[15,95702,95000],{},[223,95704,27940,95706,95708,95709,929],{"id":95705},"can-i-use-round-on-a-string-like-314",[15,95707,94350],{}," on a string like ",[15,95710,47700],{},[20,95712,95713,95714,177,95716,94],{},"Not directly. Convert the string first with ",[15,95715,2505],{},[15,95717,2499],{},[134,95719,1514],{"id":1513},[147,95721,95722,95728,95734,95738],{},[150,95723,95724],{},[173,95725,3202,95726,3135],{"href":2502},[15,95727,2505],{},[150,95729,95730],{},[173,95731,3202,95732,3135],{"href":2496},[15,95733,2499],{},[150,95735,95736],{},[173,95737,2043],{"href":2042},[150,95739,95740],{},[173,95741,41789],{"href":40502},[1550,95743,95744],{},"html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":95746},[95747,95748,95750,95751,95753,95755,95757,95758,95759,95761,95768,95778],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":94442,"depth":83,"text":95749},"What round() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":94596,"depth":83,"text":95752},"Using round() with one argument",{"id":94734,"depth":83,"text":95754},"Using round() with decimal places",{"id":94891,"depth":83,"text":95756},"Using negative ndigits",{"id":95012,"depth":83,"text":95013},{"id":95195,"depth":83,"text":95196},{"id":95343,"depth":83,"text":95760},"When to use round()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":95762},[95763,95765,95766,95767],{"id":95417,"depth":109,"text":95764},"Expecting round() to always round .5 upward",{"id":95478,"depth":109,"text":95479},{"id":95564,"depth":109,"text":95565},{"id":95646,"depth":109,"text":95647},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":95769},[95770,95772,95774,95776],{"id":95668,"depth":109,"text":95771},"Does round() always round 0.5 up?",{"id":95680,"depth":109,"text":95773},"Does round() change the original number?",{"id":95689,"depth":109,"text":95775},"Can round() round to tens or hundreds?",{"id":95705,"depth":109,"text":95777},"Can I use round() on a string like \"3.14\"?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python round function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained",{"title":94342,"description":95779},"reference\u002Fpython-round-function-explained","e0t8hwZaUiwtmjnn3D5wfXRBmBmXDud37ro5ZcnR9iM",{"id":95786,"title":95787,"body":95788,"description":96973,"extension":1587,"meta":96974,"navigation":420,"path":96975,"seo":96976,"stem":96977,"__hash__":96978},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method.md","Python Set add() Method",{"type":7,"value":95789,"toc":96947},[95790,95797,95803,95806,95808,95857,95861,95886,95891,95896,95901,95915,95926,95928,95947,95949,95965,95968,95979,95981,95983,96044,96048,96081,96088,96095,96098,96131,96134,96138,96141,96194,96198,96219,96225,96232,96239,96300,96308,96385,96389,96401,96410,96412,96418,96424,96428,96481,96484,96542,96546,96554,96557,96561,96564,96574,96576,96673,96676,96687,96690,96733,96737,96761,96764,96770,96772,96776,96801,96803,96870,96879,96881,96887,96892,96896,96899,96903,96910,96914,96919,96921,96938,96944],[10,95791,95793,95794,18],{"id":95792},"python-set-add-method","Python Set ",[15,95795,95796],{},"add()",[20,95798,95799,95802],{},[15,95800,95801],{},"set.add()"," adds one item to a set.",[20,95804,95805],{},"Use it when you want to put a single value into an existing set. If that value is not already present, Python adds it. If it is already in the set, nothing changes.",[134,95807,1629],{"id":1628},[30,95809,95811],{"className":32,"code":95810,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(4)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,95812,95813,95833,95847],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95814,95815,95817,95819,95821,95823,95825,95827,95829,95831],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95816,46],{"class":45},[39,95818,50],{"class":49},[39,95820,10103],{"class":53},[39,95822,58],{"class":57},[39,95824,61],{"class":53},[39,95826,64],{"class":57},[39,95828,61],{"class":53},[39,95830,73],{"class":57},[39,95832,8921],{"class":53},[39,95834,95835,95837,95839,95841,95843,95845],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,95836,992],{"class":45},[39,95838,94],{"class":53},[39,95840,81696],{"class":97},[39,95842,101],{"class":53},[39,95844,1333],{"class":57},[39,95846,80],{"class":53},[39,95848,95849,95851,95853,95855],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,95850,113],{"class":112},[39,95852,101],{"class":53},[39,95854,992],{"class":97},[39,95856,80],{"class":53},[20,95858,95859],{},[3367,95860,458],{},[30,95862,95864],{"className":32,"code":95863,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,95865,95866],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95867,95868,95870,95872,95874,95876,95878,95880,95882,95884],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95869,8890],{"class":53},[39,95871,58],{"class":57},[39,95873,61],{"class":53},[39,95875,64],{"class":57},[39,95877,61],{"class":53},[39,95879,73],{"class":57},[39,95881,61],{"class":53},[39,95883,2080],{"class":57},[39,95885,8921],{"class":53},[20,95887,128,95888,95890],{},[15,95889,95796],{}," to put one value into a set. If the value is already in the set, nothing changes.",[134,95892,137,95894,140],{"id":95893},"what-setadd-does",[15,95895,95801],{},[20,95897,95898,95900],{},[15,95899,95801],{}," is a built-in set method that:",[147,95902,95903,95906,95909,95912],{},[150,95904,95905],{},"Adds one item to a set",[150,95907,95908],{},"Changes the original set in place",[150,95910,95911],{},"Does not return a new set",[150,95913,95914],{},"Leaves the set unchanged if the item already exists",[20,95916,95917,95918,177,95922,94],{},"If you are new to sets, see ",[173,95919,95921],{"href":95920},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained","Python sets explained",[173,95923,95925],{"href":95924},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","how to create a set in Python",[134,95927,1781],{"id":1780},[30,95929,95931],{"className":32,"code":95930,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.add(item)\n",[15,95932,95933],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95934,95935,95937,95939,95941,95943,95945],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95936,15278],{"class":45},[39,95938,94],{"class":53},[39,95940,81696],{"class":97},[39,95942,101],{"class":53},[39,95944,22922],{"class":97},[39,95946,80],{"class":53},[20,95948,11071],{},[147,95950,95951,95956,95959],{},[150,95952,55510,95953,95955],{},[15,95954,95796],{}," on an existing set",[150,95957,95958],{},"Pass exactly one item",[150,95960,95961,95962],{},"The item must be ",[3367,95963,95964],{},"hashable",[20,95966,95967],{},"A hashable value is a value Python can safely store in a set. Common hashable values include:",[147,95969,95970,95972,95974,95977],{},[150,95971,56063],{},[150,95973,56066],{},[150,95975,95976],{},"Tuples",[150,95978,40206],{},[134,95980,355],{"id":354},[20,95982,11089],{},[30,95984,95986],{"className":32,"code":95985,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.add(\"green\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,95987,95988,96012,96030,96034],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,95989,95990,95992,95994,95996,95998,96000,96002,96004,96006,96008,96010],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,95991,236],{"class":45},[39,95993,50],{"class":49},[39,95995,10103],{"class":53},[39,95997,244],{"class":243},[39,95999,248],{"class":247},[39,96001,244],{"class":243},[39,96003,61],{"class":53},[39,96005,255],{"class":243},[39,96007,258],{"class":247},[39,96009,244],{"class":243},[39,96011,8921],{"class":53},[39,96013,96014,96016,96018,96020,96022,96024,96026,96028],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96015,288],{"class":45},[39,96017,94],{"class":53},[39,96019,81696],{"class":97},[39,96021,101],{"class":53},[39,96023,244],{"class":243},[39,96025,275],{"class":247},[39,96027,244],{"class":243},[39,96029,80],{"class":53},[39,96031,96032],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,96033,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,96035,96036,96038,96040,96042],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,96037,113],{"class":112},[39,96039,101],{"class":53},[39,96041,288],{"class":97},[39,96043,80],{"class":53},[20,96045,96046],{},[3367,96047,29642],{},[30,96049,96051],{"className":32,"code":96050,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red', 'green', 'blue'}\n",[15,96052,96053],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96054,96055,96057,96059,96061,96063,96065,96067,96069,96071,96073,96075,96077,96079],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96056,8890],{"class":53},[39,96058,629],{"class":243},[39,96060,248],{"class":247},[39,96062,629],{"class":243},[39,96064,61],{"class":53},[39,96066,2920],{"class":243},[39,96068,275],{"class":247},[39,96070,629],{"class":243},[39,96072,61],{"class":53},[39,96074,2920],{"class":243},[39,96076,258],{"class":247},[39,96078,629],{"class":243},[39,96080,8921],{"class":53},[20,96082,96083,96084,96087],{},"The new value ",[15,96085,96086],{},"\"green\""," was added to the set.",[20,96089,96090,96091,96094],{},"One important thing to remember: ",[3367,96092,96093],{},"sets are unordered collections",". That means you should not rely on the printed order of values.",[20,96096,96097],{},"For example, this is also valid output:",[30,96099,96101],{"className":32,"code":96100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'blue', 'red', 'green'}\n",[15,96102,96103],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96104,96105,96107,96109,96111,96113,96115,96117,96119,96121,96123,96125,96127,96129],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96106,8890],{"class":53},[39,96108,629],{"class":243},[39,96110,258],{"class":247},[39,96112,629],{"class":243},[39,96114,61],{"class":53},[39,96116,2920],{"class":243},[39,96118,248],{"class":247},[39,96120,629],{"class":243},[39,96122,61],{"class":53},[39,96124,2920],{"class":243},[39,96126,275],{"class":247},[39,96128,629],{"class":243},[39,96130,8921],{"class":53},[20,96132,96133],{},"The values are the same. Only the display order is different.",[134,96135,96137],{"id":96136},"what-happens-with-duplicate-values","What happens with duplicate values",[20,96139,96140],{},"Sets store unique values only. If you try to add a value that is already in the set, Python does not raise an error.",[30,96142,96144],{"className":32,"code":96143,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.add(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,96145,96146,96166,96180,96184],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96147,96148,96150,96152,96154,96156,96158,96160,96162,96164],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96149,46],{"class":45},[39,96151,50],{"class":49},[39,96153,10103],{"class":53},[39,96155,58],{"class":57},[39,96157,61],{"class":53},[39,96159,64],{"class":57},[39,96161,61],{"class":53},[39,96163,73],{"class":57},[39,96165,8921],{"class":53},[39,96167,96168,96170,96172,96174,96176,96178],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96169,992],{"class":45},[39,96171,94],{"class":53},[39,96173,81696],{"class":97},[39,96175,101],{"class":53},[39,96177,104],{"class":57},[39,96179,80],{"class":53},[39,96181,96182],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,96183,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,96185,96186,96188,96190,96192],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,96187,113],{"class":112},[39,96189,101],{"class":53},[39,96191,992],{"class":97},[39,96193,80],{"class":53},[20,96195,96196],{},[3367,96197,458],{},[30,96199,96201],{"className":32,"code":96200,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,96202,96203],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96204,96205,96207,96209,96211,96213,96215,96217],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96206,8890],{"class":53},[39,96208,58],{"class":57},[39,96210,61],{"class":53},[39,96212,64],{"class":57},[39,96214,61],{"class":53},[39,96216,73],{"class":57},[39,96218,8921],{"class":53},[20,96220,96221,96222,96224],{},"The set stays the same because ",[15,96223,104],{}," was already present.",[134,96226,96228,10198,96230],{"id":96227},"add-vs-update",[15,96229,95796],{},[15,96231,14565],{},[20,96233,128,96234,96236,96237,94],{},[15,96235,95796],{}," when you want to add ",[3367,96238,52259],{},[30,96240,96242],{"className":32,"code":96241,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.add(\"c\")\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96243,96244,96268,96286,96290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96245,96246,96248,96250,96252,96254,96256,96258,96260,96262,96264,96266],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96247,1053],{"class":45},[39,96249,50],{"class":49},[39,96251,10103],{"class":53},[39,96253,244],{"class":243},[39,96255,173],{"class":247},[39,96257,244],{"class":243},[39,96259,61],{"class":53},[39,96261,255],{"class":243},[39,96263,1070],{"class":247},[39,96265,244],{"class":243},[39,96267,8921],{"class":53},[39,96269,96270,96272,96274,96276,96278,96280,96282,96284],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96271,35757],{"class":45},[39,96273,94],{"class":53},[39,96275,81696],{"class":97},[39,96277,101],{"class":53},[39,96279,244],{"class":243},[39,96281,9352],{"class":247},[39,96283,244],{"class":243},[39,96285,80],{"class":53},[39,96287,96288],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,96289,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,96291,96292,96294,96296,96298],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,96293,113],{"class":112},[39,96295,101],{"class":53},[39,96297,35757],{"class":97},[39,96299,80],{"class":53},[20,96301,128,96302,96236,96304,96307],{},[15,96303,14565],{},[3367,96305,96306],{},"multiple items from an iterable"," such as a list, tuple, or set.",[30,96309,96311],{"className":32,"code":96310,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nletters.update([\"c\", \"d\", \"e\"])\n\nprint(letters)\n",[15,96312,96313,96337,96371,96375],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96314,96315,96317,96319,96321,96323,96325,96327,96329,96331,96333,96335],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96316,1053],{"class":45},[39,96318,50],{"class":49},[39,96320,10103],{"class":53},[39,96322,244],{"class":243},[39,96324,173],{"class":247},[39,96326,244],{"class":243},[39,96328,61],{"class":53},[39,96330,255],{"class":243},[39,96332,1070],{"class":247},[39,96334,244],{"class":243},[39,96336,8921],{"class":53},[39,96338,96339,96341,96343,96345,96347,96349,96351,96353,96355,96357,96359,96361,96363,96365,96367,96369],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96340,35757],{"class":45},[39,96342,94],{"class":53},[39,96344,30077],{"class":97},[39,96346,2608],{"class":53},[39,96348,244],{"class":243},[39,96350,9352],{"class":247},[39,96352,244],{"class":243},[39,96354,61],{"class":53},[39,96356,255],{"class":243},[39,96358,18380],{"class":247},[39,96360,244],{"class":243},[39,96362,61],{"class":53},[39,96364,255],{"class":243},[39,96366,60038],{"class":247},[39,96368,244],{"class":243},[39,96370,3513],{"class":53},[39,96372,96373],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,96374,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,96376,96377,96379,96381,96383],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,96378,113],{"class":112},[39,96380,101],{"class":53},[39,96382,35757],{"class":97},[39,96384,80],{"class":53},[223,96386,96388],{"id":96387},"key-difference","Key difference",[147,96390,96391,96396],{},[150,96392,96393,96395],{},[15,96394,95796],{}," adds one item",[150,96397,96398,96400],{},[15,96399,14565],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable",[20,96402,96403,96404,94],{},"If you want to learn that method next, see ",[173,96405,96407,96408,1533],{"href":96406},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","Python set ",[15,96409,14565],{},[134,96411,17032],{"id":17031},[20,96413,96414,476,96416,94],{},[15,96415,95801],{},[15,96417,3403],{},[20,96419,96420,96421,96423],{},"That means you should ",[3367,96422,4254],{}," assign its result back to the variable.",[223,96425,96427],{"id":96426},"correct","Correct",[30,96429,96431],{"className":32,"code":96430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96432,96433,96453,96467,96471],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96434,96435,96437,96439,96441,96443,96445,96447,96449,96451],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96436,15240],{"class":45},[39,96438,50],{"class":49},[39,96440,10103],{"class":53},[39,96442,58],{"class":57},[39,96444,61],{"class":53},[39,96446,64],{"class":57},[39,96448,61],{"class":53},[39,96450,73],{"class":57},[39,96452,8921],{"class":53},[39,96454,96455,96457,96459,96461,96463,96465],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96456,15278],{"class":45},[39,96458,94],{"class":53},[39,96460,81696],{"class":97},[39,96462,101],{"class":53},[39,96464,1333],{"class":57},[39,96466,80],{"class":53},[39,96468,96469],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,96470,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,96472,96473,96475,96477,96479],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,96474,113],{"class":112},[39,96476,101],{"class":53},[39,96478,15278],{"class":97},[39,96480,80],{"class":53},[223,96482,96483],{"id":61360},"Wrong",[30,96485,96487],{"className":32,"code":96486,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.add(4)\n\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,96488,96489,96509,96528,96532],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96490,96491,96493,96495,96497,96499,96501,96503,96505,96507],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96492,15240],{"class":45},[39,96494,50],{"class":49},[39,96496,10103],{"class":53},[39,96498,58],{"class":57},[39,96500,61],{"class":53},[39,96502,64],{"class":57},[39,96504,61],{"class":53},[39,96506,73],{"class":57},[39,96508,8921],{"class":53},[39,96510,96511,96513,96515,96518,96520,96522,96524,96526],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96512,15240],{"class":45},[39,96514,50],{"class":49},[39,96516,96517],{"class":45}," my_set",[39,96519,94],{"class":53},[39,96521,81696],{"class":97},[39,96523,101],{"class":53},[39,96525,1333],{"class":57},[39,96527,80],{"class":53},[39,96529,96530],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,96531,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,96533,96534,96536,96538,96540],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,96535,113],{"class":112},[39,96537,101],{"class":53},[39,96539,15278],{"class":97},[39,96541,80],{"class":53},[20,96543,96544],{},[3367,96545,458],{},[30,96547,96548],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,96549,96550],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96551,96552],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96553,11420],{"class":3477},[20,96555,96556],{},"This is a common beginner mistake. The method changes the original set directly.",[134,96558,96560],{"id":96559},"items-you-can-and-cannot-add","Items you can and cannot add",[20,96562,96563],{},"You can add hashable values such as:",[147,96565,96566,96568,96570,96572],{},[150,96567,56063],{},[150,96569,56066],{},[150,96571,95976],{},[150,96573,40206],{},[20,96575,515],{},[30,96577,96579],{"className":32,"code":96578,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = set()\n\nitems.add(10)\nitems.add(\"hello\")\nitems.add((1, 2))\nitems.add(True)\n\nprint(items)\n",[15,96580,96581,96591,96595,96609,96627,96645,96659,96663],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96582,96583,96585,96587,96589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96584,7397],{"class":45},[39,96586,50],{"class":49},[39,96588,15245],{"class":2523},[39,96590,8257],{"class":53},[39,96592,96593],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96594,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,96596,96597,96599,96601,96603,96605,96607],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,96598,7426],{"class":45},[39,96600,94],{"class":53},[39,96602,81696],{"class":97},[39,96604,101],{"class":53},[39,96606,682],{"class":57},[39,96608,80],{"class":53},[39,96610,96611,96613,96615,96617,96619,96621,96623,96625],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,96612,7426],{"class":45},[39,96614,94],{"class":53},[39,96616,81696],{"class":97},[39,96618,101],{"class":53},[39,96620,244],{"class":243},[39,96622,3470],{"class":247},[39,96624,244],{"class":243},[39,96626,80],{"class":53},[39,96628,96629,96631,96633,96635,96637,96639,96641,96643],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,96630,7426],{"class":45},[39,96632,94],{"class":53},[39,96634,81696],{"class":97},[39,96636,5126],{"class":53},[39,96638,58],{"class":57},[39,96640,61],{"class":53},[39,96642,64],{"class":57},[39,96644,1026],{"class":53},[39,96646,96647,96649,96651,96653,96655,96657],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,96648,7426],{"class":45},[39,96650,94],{"class":53},[39,96652,81696],{"class":97},[39,96654,101],{"class":53},[39,96656,939],{"class":3477},[39,96658,80],{"class":53},[39,96660,96661],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,96662,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,96664,96665,96667,96669,96671],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,96666,113],{"class":112},[39,96668,101],{"class":53},[39,96670,7426],{"class":97},[39,96672,80],{"class":53},[20,96674,96675],{},"You cannot add mutable values such as:",[147,96677,96678,96681,96684],{},[150,96679,96680],{},"Lists",[150,96682,96683],{},"Dictionaries",[150,96685,96686],{},"Sets",[20,96688,96689],{},"Example that causes an error:",[30,96691,96693],{"className":32,"code":96692,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.add([4, 5])\n",[15,96694,96695,96715],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96696,96697,96699,96701,96703,96705,96707,96709,96711,96713],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96698,7397],{"class":45},[39,96700,50],{"class":49},[39,96702,10103],{"class":53},[39,96704,58],{"class":57},[39,96706,61],{"class":53},[39,96708,64],{"class":57},[39,96710,61],{"class":53},[39,96712,73],{"class":57},[39,96714,8921],{"class":53},[39,96716,96717,96719,96721,96723,96725,96727,96729,96731],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96718,7426],{"class":45},[39,96720,94],{"class":53},[39,96722,81696],{"class":97},[39,96724,2608],{"class":53},[39,96726,1333],{"class":57},[39,96728,61],{"class":53},[39,96730,4228],{"class":57},[39,96732,3513],{"class":53},[20,96734,96735],{},[3367,96736,29293],{},[30,96738,96740],{"className":32,"code":96739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'\n",[15,96741,96742],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96743,96744,96746,96748,96751,96753,96755,96757,96759],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96745,2627],{"class":2523},[39,96747,145],{"class":53},[39,96749,96750],{"class":45}," unhashable ",[39,96752,2845],{"class":2523},[39,96754,145],{"class":53},[39,96756,2920],{"class":243},[39,96758,7710],{"class":247},[39,96760,29312],{"class":243},[20,96762,96763],{},"This happens because lists are mutable, so they cannot be stored as set items.",[20,96765,96766,96767,94],{},"If you get this error, see how to fix ",[15,96768,96769],{},"TypeError: unhashable type",[134,96771,944],{"id":943},[20,96773,14344,96774,145],{},[15,96775,95801],{},[147,96777,96778,96783,96788,96791,96798],{},[150,96779,948,96780,96782],{},[15,96781,95796],{}," when you need to insert multiple values",[150,96784,1030,96785,96787],{},[15,96786,95796],{}," to return the updated set",[150,96789,96790],{},"Trying to add a list or dictionary to a set",[150,96792,1160,96793,96795,96796],{},[15,96794,95801],{}," with list ",[15,96797,52255],{},[150,96799,96800],{},"Expecting sets to keep insertion order for display logic",[20,96802,71096],{},[30,96804,96806],{"className":32,"code":96805,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\nhelp(set.add)\n",[15,96807,96808,96818,96832,96842,96856],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,96809,96810,96812,96814,96816],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,96811,113],{"class":112},[39,96813,101],{"class":53},[39,96815,15278],{"class":97},[39,96817,80],{"class":53},[39,96819,96820,96822,96824,96826,96828,96830],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,96821,113],{"class":112},[39,96823,101],{"class":53},[39,96825,2845],{"class":2523},[39,96827,101],{"class":53},[39,96829,15278],{"class":97},[39,96831,1026],{"class":53},[39,96833,96834,96836,96838,96840],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,96835,113],{"class":112},[39,96837,101],{"class":53},[39,96839,155],{"class":97},[39,96841,80],{"class":53},[39,96843,96844,96846,96848,96850,96852,96854],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,96845,113],{"class":112},[39,96847,101],{"class":53},[39,96849,2845],{"class":2523},[39,96851,101],{"class":53},[39,96853,155],{"class":97},[39,96855,1026],{"class":53},[39,96857,96858,96860,96862,96864,96866,96868],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,96859,31766],{"class":112},[39,96861,101],{"class":53},[39,96863,5902],{"class":2523},[39,96865,94],{"class":53},[39,96867,81696],{"class":997},[39,96869,80],{"class":53},[20,96871,96872,96873,96875,96876,94],{},"Also remember that ",[15,96874,95801],{}," is not the same as adding items to a list. If you are working with lists instead, see ",[173,96877,52651],{"href":96878},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-add-an-item-to-a-list-in-python",[134,96880,1454],{"id":1453},[223,96882,1468,96884,96886],{"id":96883},"does-setadd-return-a-new-set",[15,96885,95801],{}," return a new set?",[20,96888,96889,96890,94],{},"No. It changes the existing set and returns ",[15,96891,3403],{},[223,96893,96895],{"id":96894},"what-if-i-add-a-value-that-is-already-in-the-set","What if I add a value that is already in the set?",[20,96897,96898],{},"Nothing breaks. The set stays the same because sets keep only unique values.",[223,96900,96902],{"id":96901},"how-do-i-add-more-than-one-item-to-a-set","How do I add more than one item to a set?",[20,96904,128,96905,10705,96908,94],{},[15,96906,96907],{},"set.update()",[15,96909,95796],{},[223,96911,96913],{"id":96912},"can-i-add-a-list-to-a-set","Can I add a list to a set?",[20,96915,96916,96917,94],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so Python raises a ",[15,96918,2627],{},[134,96920,1514],{"id":1513},[147,96922,96923,96927,96932],{},[150,96924,96925],{},[173,96926,95921],{"href":95920},[150,96928,96929],{},[173,96930,96931],{"href":95924},"How to create a set in Python",[150,96933,96934],{},[173,96935,96407,96936,1533],{"href":96406},[15,96937,14565],{},[20,96939,96940,96941,96943],{},"Once you understand ",[15,96942,95796],{},", the next useful step is learning when to use a set, list, or another collection type so you can choose the right method for the task.",[1550,96945,96946],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":96948},[96949,96950,96952,96953,96954,96955,96959,96963,96964,96965,96972],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":95893,"depth":83,"text":96951},"What set.add() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":96136,"depth":83,"text":96137},{"id":96227,"depth":83,"text":96956,"children":96957},"add() vs update()",[96958],{"id":96387,"depth":109,"text":96388},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032,"children":96960},[96961,96962],{"id":96426,"depth":109,"text":96427},{"id":61360,"depth":109,"text":96483},{"id":96559,"depth":83,"text":96560},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":96966},[96967,96969,96970,96971],{"id":96883,"depth":109,"text":96968},"Does set.add() return a new set?",{"id":96894,"depth":109,"text":96895},{"id":96901,"depth":109,"text":96902},{"id":96912,"depth":109,"text":96913},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set add method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method",{"title":95787,"description":96973},"reference\u002Fpython-set-add-method","9I9TzJ60fjl-DGg9PZdc1Vb3FA6ASoe34_STMZ7XW50",{"id":96980,"title":96981,"body":96982,"description":98151,"extension":1587,"meta":98152,"navigation":420,"path":98153,"seo":98154,"stem":98155,"__hash__":98156},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method.md","Python Set clear() Method",{"type":7,"value":96983,"toc":98118},[96984,96989,96995,97002,97047,97049,97060,97065,97070,97074,97088,97093,97095,97097,97112,97114,97128,97130,97132,97197,97199,97209,97211,97229,97235,97242,97247,97321,97323,97340,97346,97351,97422,97424,97451,97468,97471,97477,97479,97486,97490,97557,97559,97574,97577,97630,97632,97640,97652,97654,97658,97663,97665,97714,97716,97724,97726,97771,97773,97783,97789,97797,97810,97816,97818,97847,97849,97867,97871,97874,97905,97907,97925,97929,98004,98006,98022,98029,98031,98036,98041,98047,98050,98054,98062,98069,98077,98079,98115],[10,96985,95793,96987,18],{"id":96986},"python-set-clear-method",[15,96988,10935],{},[20,96990,96991,96994],{},[15,96992,96993],{},"set.clear()"," removes all items from a set.",[20,96996,96997,96998,97001],{},"Use it when you want to empty a set ",[3367,96999,97000],{},"without changing the variable itself",". This method changes the existing set in place, which is important when the same set is used in more than one place.",[30,97003,97005],{"className":32,"code":97004,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.clear()\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97006,97007,97027,97037],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97008,97009,97011,97013,97015,97017,97019,97021,97023,97025],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97010,46],{"class":45},[39,97012,50],{"class":49},[39,97014,10103],{"class":53},[39,97016,58],{"class":57},[39,97018,61],{"class":53},[39,97020,64],{"class":57},[39,97022,61],{"class":53},[39,97024,73],{"class":57},[39,97026,8921],{"class":53},[39,97028,97029,97031,97033,97035],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97030,992],{"class":45},[39,97032,94],{"class":53},[39,97034,10996],{"class":97},[39,97036,8257],{"class":53},[39,97038,97039,97041,97043,97045],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97040,113],{"class":112},[39,97042,101],{"class":53},[39,97044,992],{"class":97},[39,97046,80],{"class":53},[20,97048,458],{},[30,97050,97052],{"className":32,"code":97051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set()\n",[15,97053,97054],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97055,97056,97058],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97057,5902],{"class":2523},[39,97059,8257],{"class":53},[20,97061,97062,97064],{},[15,97063,10935],{}," removes all items from the set in place. It does not create a new set.",[134,97066,137,97068,140],{"id":97067},"what-setclear-does",[15,97069,96993],{},[20,97071,1604,97072,11026],{},[15,97073,10935],{},[147,97075,97076,97079,97081,97085],{},[150,97077,97078],{},"Removes every item from a set",[150,97080,95908],{},[150,97082,494,97083],{},[15,97084,3403],{},[150,97086,97087],{},"Works on mutable set objects",[20,97089,95917,97090,71195],{},[173,97091,95921],{"href":97092},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-sets-explained\u002F",[134,97094,1781],{"id":1780},[20,97096,54048],{},[30,97098,97100],{"className":32,"code":97099,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.clear()\n",[15,97101,97102],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97103,97104,97106,97108,97110],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97105,15278],{"class":45},[39,97107,94],{"class":53},[39,97109,10996],{"class":97},[39,97111,8257],{"class":53},[20,97113,12664],{},[147,97115,97116,97119,97122,97125],{},[150,97117,97118],{},"It takes no arguments",[150,97120,97121],{},"It empties the set",[150,97123,97124],{},"It keeps the same set variable",[150,97126,97127],{},"Use it when you want the set to stay the same object, but have no items in it",[134,97129,355],{"id":354},[20,97131,11089],{},[30,97133,97135],{"className":32,"code":97134,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"}\n\ncolors.clear()\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,97136,97137,97169,97173,97183,97187],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97138,97139,97141,97143,97145,97147,97149,97151,97153,97155,97157,97159,97161,97163,97165,97167],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97140,236],{"class":45},[39,97142,50],{"class":49},[39,97144,10103],{"class":53},[39,97146,244],{"class":243},[39,97148,248],{"class":247},[39,97150,244],{"class":243},[39,97152,61],{"class":53},[39,97154,255],{"class":243},[39,97156,275],{"class":247},[39,97158,244],{"class":243},[39,97160,61],{"class":53},[39,97162,255],{"class":243},[39,97164,258],{"class":247},[39,97166,244],{"class":243},[39,97168,8921],{"class":53},[39,97170,97171],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97172,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97174,97175,97177,97179,97181],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97176,288],{"class":45},[39,97178,94],{"class":53},[39,97180,10996],{"class":97},[39,97182,8257],{"class":53},[39,97184,97185],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,97186,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97188,97189,97191,97193,97195],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,97190,113],{"class":112},[39,97192,101],{"class":53},[39,97194,288],{"class":97},[39,97196,80],{"class":53},[20,97198,458],{},[30,97200,97201],{"className":32,"code":97051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97202,97203],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97204,97205,97207],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97206,5902],{"class":2523},[39,97208,8257],{"class":53},[20,97210,11295],{},[147,97212,97213,97218,97223],{},[150,97214,97215,97217],{},[15,97216,288],{}," starts with three values",[150,97219,97220,11308],{},[15,97221,97222],{},"colors.clear()",[150,97224,97225,97226,97228],{},"Printing the set shows ",[15,97227,3422],{},", which means an empty set",[134,97230,97232,97234],{"id":97231},"clear-vs-creating-a-new-empty-set",[15,97233,10935],{}," vs creating a new empty set",[20,97236,97237,796,97239,97241],{},[15,97238,10935],{},[15,97240,3422],{}," can both give you an empty set, but they do not work the same way.",[223,97243,948,97245],{"id":97244},"using-clear",[15,97246,10935],{},[30,97248,97250],{"className":32,"code":97249,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems.clear()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97251,97252,97272,97282,97286,97296,97300,97310],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97253,97254,97256,97258,97260,97262,97264,97266,97268,97270],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97255,7397],{"class":45},[39,97257,50],{"class":49},[39,97259,10103],{"class":53},[39,97261,58],{"class":57},[39,97263,61],{"class":53},[39,97265,64],{"class":57},[39,97267,61],{"class":53},[39,97269,73],{"class":57},[39,97271,8921],{"class":53},[39,97273,97274,97277,97279],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97275,97276],{"class":45},"other_name ",[39,97278,50],{"class":49},[39,97280,97281],{"class":45}," items\n",[39,97283,97284],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97285,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97287,97288,97290,97292,97294],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,97289,7426],{"class":45},[39,97291,94],{"class":53},[39,97293,10996],{"class":97},[39,97295,8257],{"class":53},[39,97297,97298],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,97299,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97301,97302,97304,97306,97308],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,97303,113],{"class":112},[39,97305,101],{"class":53},[39,97307,7426],{"class":97},[39,97309,80],{"class":53},[39,97311,97312,97314,97316,97319],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,97313,113],{"class":112},[39,97315,101],{"class":53},[39,97317,97318],{"class":97},"other_name",[39,97320,80],{"class":53},[20,97322,458],{},[30,97324,97326],{"className":32,"code":97325,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set()\nset()\n",[15,97327,97328,97334],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97329,97330,97332],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97331,5902],{"class":2523},[39,97333,8257],{"class":53},[39,97335,97336,97338],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97337,5902],{"class":2523},[39,97339,8257],{"class":53},[20,97341,97342,97343,94],{},"Both variables now show an empty set because they refer to the ",[3367,97344,97345],{},"same set object",[223,97347,948,97349],{"id":97348},"using-set",[15,97350,3422],{},[30,97352,97354],{"className":32,"code":97353,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nother_name = items\n\nitems = set()\n\nprint(items)\nprint(other_name)\n",[15,97355,97356,97376,97384,97388,97398,97402,97412],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97357,97358,97360,97362,97364,97366,97368,97370,97372,97374],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97359,7397],{"class":45},[39,97361,50],{"class":49},[39,97363,10103],{"class":53},[39,97365,58],{"class":57},[39,97367,61],{"class":53},[39,97369,64],{"class":57},[39,97371,61],{"class":53},[39,97373,73],{"class":57},[39,97375,8921],{"class":53},[39,97377,97378,97380,97382],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97379,97276],{"class":45},[39,97381,50],{"class":49},[39,97383,97281],{"class":45},[39,97385,97386],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97387,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97389,97390,97392,97394,97396],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,97391,7397],{"class":45},[39,97393,50],{"class":49},[39,97395,15245],{"class":2523},[39,97397,8257],{"class":53},[39,97399,97400],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,97401,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97403,97404,97406,97408,97410],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,97405,113],{"class":112},[39,97407,101],{"class":53},[39,97409,7426],{"class":97},[39,97411,80],{"class":53},[39,97413,97414,97416,97418,97420],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,97415,113],{"class":112},[39,97417,101],{"class":53},[39,97419,97318],{"class":97},[39,97421,80],{"class":53},[20,97423,458],{},[30,97425,97427],{"className":32,"code":97426,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set()\n{1, 2, 3}\n",[15,97428,97429,97435],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97430,97431,97433],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97432,5902],{"class":2523},[39,97434,8257],{"class":53},[39,97436,97437,97439,97441,97443,97445,97447,97449],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97438,8890],{"class":53},[39,97440,58],{"class":57},[39,97442,61],{"class":53},[39,97444,64],{"class":57},[39,97446,61],{"class":53},[39,97448,73],{"class":57},[39,97450,8921],{"class":53},[20,97452,20383,97453,92685,97456,97459,97460,94,97462,97464,97465,97467],{},[15,97454,97455],{},"items = set()",[3367,97457,97458],{},"new empty set object"," and assigns it to ",[15,97461,7426],{},[1446,97463],{},"\nBut ",[15,97466,97318],{}," still points to the original set.",[20,97469,97470],{},"This difference matters when more than one variable refers to the same set.",[20,97472,97473,97474,94],{},"If you need help creating sets correctly, see ",[173,97475,95925],{"href":97476},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set\u002F",[134,97478,17032],{"id":17031},[20,97480,97481,13664,97483,97485],{},[15,97482,10935],{},[3367,97484,4254],{}," return the emptied set.",[20,97487,4768,97488,94],{},[15,97489,3403],{},[30,97491,97493],{"className":32,"code":97492,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97494,97495,97515,97519,97533,97537,97547],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97496,97497,97499,97501,97503,97505,97507,97509,97511,97513],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97498,46],{"class":45},[39,97500,50],{"class":49},[39,97502,10103],{"class":53},[39,97504,58],{"class":57},[39,97506,61],{"class":53},[39,97508,64],{"class":57},[39,97510,61],{"class":53},[39,97512,73],{"class":57},[39,97514,8921],{"class":53},[39,97516,97517],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97518,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97520,97521,97523,97525,97527,97529,97531],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97522,86],{"class":45},[39,97524,50],{"class":49},[39,97526,91],{"class":45},[39,97528,94],{"class":53},[39,97530,10996],{"class":97},[39,97532,8257],{"class":53},[39,97534,97535],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,97536,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97538,97539,97541,97543,97545],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,97540,113],{"class":112},[39,97542,101],{"class":53},[39,97544,118],{"class":97},[39,97546,80],{"class":53},[39,97548,97549,97551,97553,97555],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,97550,113],{"class":112},[39,97552,101],{"class":53},[39,97554,992],{"class":97},[39,97556,80],{"class":53},[20,97558,458],{},[30,97560,97562],{"className":32,"code":97561,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"None\nset()\n",[15,97563,97564,97568],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97565,97566],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97567,11420],{"class":3477},[39,97569,97570,97572],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97571,5902],{"class":2523},[39,97573,8257],{"class":53},[20,97575,97576],{},"Do not do this:",[30,97578,97580],{"className":32,"code":97579,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.clear()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,97581,97582,97602,97616,97620],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97583,97584,97586,97588,97590,97592,97594,97596,97598,97600],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97585,46],{"class":45},[39,97587,50],{"class":49},[39,97589,10103],{"class":53},[39,97591,58],{"class":57},[39,97593,61],{"class":53},[39,97595,64],{"class":57},[39,97597,61],{"class":53},[39,97599,73],{"class":57},[39,97601,8921],{"class":53},[39,97603,97604,97606,97608,97610,97612,97614],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97605,46],{"class":45},[39,97607,50],{"class":49},[39,97609,91],{"class":45},[39,97611,94],{"class":53},[39,97613,10996],{"class":97},[39,97615,8257],{"class":53},[39,97617,97618],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97619,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97621,97622,97624,97626,97628],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,97623,113],{"class":112},[39,97625,101],{"class":53},[39,97627,992],{"class":97},[39,97629,80],{"class":53},[20,97631,458],{},[30,97633,97634],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97635,97636],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97637,97638],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97639,11420],{"class":3477},[20,97641,21801,97642,476,97644,97646,97647,97649,97650,94],{},[15,97643,54161],{},[15,97645,3403],{},", and then you assign that ",[15,97648,3403],{}," back to ",[15,97651,992],{},[134,97653,4141],{"id":4140},[20,97655,10360,97656,94],{},[15,97657,96993],{},[223,97659,12206,97661],{"id":97660},"assigning-the-result-of-clear",[15,97662,10935],{},[20,97664,16256],{},[30,97666,97668],{"className":32,"code":97667,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set = my_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97669,97670,97690,97704],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97671,97672,97674,97676,97678,97680,97682,97684,97686,97688],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97673,15240],{"class":45},[39,97675,50],{"class":49},[39,97677,10103],{"class":53},[39,97679,58],{"class":57},[39,97681,61],{"class":53},[39,97683,64],{"class":57},[39,97685,61],{"class":53},[39,97687,73],{"class":57},[39,97689,8921],{"class":53},[39,97691,97692,97694,97696,97698,97700,97702],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97693,15240],{"class":45},[39,97695,50],{"class":49},[39,97697,96517],{"class":45},[39,97699,94],{"class":53},[39,97701,10996],{"class":97},[39,97703,8257],{"class":53},[39,97705,97706,97708,97710,97712],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97707,113],{"class":112},[39,97709,101],{"class":53},[39,97711,15278],{"class":97},[39,97713,80],{"class":53},[20,97715,458],{},[30,97717,97718],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97719,97720],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97721,97722],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97723,11420],{"class":3477},[20,97725,16268],{},[30,97727,97729],{"className":32,"code":97728,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_set.clear()\nprint(my_set)\n",[15,97730,97731,97751,97761],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97732,97733,97735,97737,97739,97741,97743,97745,97747,97749],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97734,15240],{"class":45},[39,97736,50],{"class":49},[39,97738,10103],{"class":53},[39,97740,58],{"class":57},[39,97742,61],{"class":53},[39,97744,64],{"class":57},[39,97746,61],{"class":53},[39,97748,73],{"class":57},[39,97750,8921],{"class":53},[39,97752,97753,97755,97757,97759],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97754,15278],{"class":45},[39,97756,94],{"class":53},[39,97758,10996],{"class":97},[39,97760,8257],{"class":53},[39,97762,97763,97765,97767,97769],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97764,113],{"class":112},[39,97766,101],{"class":53},[39,97768,15278],{"class":97},[39,97770,80],{"class":53},[20,97772,458],{},[30,97774,97775],{"className":32,"code":97051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97776,97777],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97778,97779,97781],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97780,5902],{"class":2523},[39,97782,8257],{"class":53},[223,97784,1030,97786,97788],{"id":97785},"expecting-clear-to-remove-only-one-item",[15,97787,10935],{}," to remove only one item",[20,97790,97791,97793,97794,97796],{},[15,97792,10935],{}," removes ",[3367,97795,3339],{}," items from the set.",[20,97798,97799,97800,177,97805,94],{},"If you want to remove a single value, use methods like ",[173,97801,97803],{"href":97802},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method\u002F",[15,97804,55130],{},[173,97806,97808],{"href":97807},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method\u002F",[15,97809,12374],{},[223,97811,948,97813,97815],{"id":97812},"using-for-an-empty-set",[15,97814,3417],{}," for an empty set",[20,97817,25302],{},[30,97819,97821],{"className":32,"code":97820,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_value = {}\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,97822,97823,97832],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97824,97825,97828,97830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97826,97827],{"class":45},"empty_value ",[39,97829,50],{"class":49},[39,97831,9451],{"class":53},[39,97833,97834,97836,97838,97840,97842,97845],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97835,113],{"class":112},[39,97837,101],{"class":53},[39,97839,2845],{"class":2523},[39,97841,101],{"class":53},[39,97843,97844],{"class":97},"empty_value",[39,97846,1026],{"class":53},[20,97848,458],{},[30,97850,97851],{"className":32,"code":8420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97852,97853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97854,97855,97857,97859,97861,97863,97865],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97856,2914],{"class":49},[39,97858,2917],{"class":1689},[39,97860,2920],{"class":243},[39,97862,8433],{"class":247},[39,97864,629],{"class":243},[39,97866,2927],{"class":49},[20,97868,97869,8400],{},[15,97870,3417],{},[20,97872,97873],{},"To create an empty set, use:",[30,97875,97877],{"className":32,"code":97876,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_set = set()\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,97878,97879,97890],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97880,97881,97884,97886,97888],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97882,97883],{"class":45},"empty_set ",[39,97885,50],{"class":49},[39,97887,15245],{"class":2523},[39,97889,8257],{"class":53},[39,97891,97892,97894,97896,97898,97900,97903],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97893,113],{"class":112},[39,97895,101],{"class":53},[39,97897,2845],{"class":2523},[39,97899,101],{"class":53},[39,97901,97902],{"class":97},"empty_set",[39,97904,1026],{"class":53},[20,97906,458],{},[30,97908,97909],{"className":32,"code":8464,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,97910,97911],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97912,97913,97915,97917,97919,97921,97923],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97914,2914],{"class":49},[39,97916,2917],{"class":1689},[39,97918,2920],{"class":243},[39,97920,5902],{"class":247},[39,97922,629],{"class":243},[39,97924,2927],{"class":49},[223,97926,97928],{"id":97927},"not-realizing-another-variable-points-to-the-same-set","Not realizing another variable points to the same set",[30,97930,97932],{"className":32,"code":97931,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {\"x\", \"y\"}\nb = a\n\na.clear()\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\n",[15,97933,97934,97958,97966,97970,97980,97984,97994],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,97935,97936,97938,97940,97942,97944,97946,97948,97950,97952,97954,97956],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,97937,2176],{"class":45},[39,97939,50],{"class":49},[39,97941,10103],{"class":53},[39,97943,244],{"class":243},[39,97945,1798],{"class":247},[39,97947,244],{"class":243},[39,97949,61],{"class":53},[39,97951,255],{"class":243},[39,97953,11357],{"class":247},[39,97955,244],{"class":243},[39,97957,8921],{"class":53},[39,97959,97960,97962,97964],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,97961,2204],{"class":45},[39,97963,50],{"class":49},[39,97965,35789],{"class":45},[39,97967,97968],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,97969,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97971,97972,97974,97976,97978],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,97973,173],{"class":45},[39,97975,94],{"class":53},[39,97977,10996],{"class":97},[39,97979,8257],{"class":53},[39,97981,97982],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,97983,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,97985,97986,97988,97990,97992],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,97987,113],{"class":112},[39,97989,101],{"class":53},[39,97991,173],{"class":97},[39,97993,80],{"class":53},[39,97995,97996,97998,98000,98002],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,97997,113],{"class":112},[39,97999,101],{"class":53},[39,98001,1070],{"class":97},[39,98003,80],{"class":53},[20,98005,458],{},[30,98007,98008],{"className":32,"code":97325,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,98009,98010,98016],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98011,98012,98014],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98013,5902],{"class":2523},[39,98015,8257],{"class":53},[39,98017,98018,98020],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98019,5902],{"class":2523},[39,98021,8257],{"class":53},[20,98023,28673,98024,796,98026,98028],{},[15,98025,173],{},[15,98027,1070],{}," refer to the same set, clearing one affects both.",[134,98030,1454],{"id":1453},[223,98032,1458,98034,1461],{"id":98033},"what-does-setclear-return-in-python",[15,98035,96993],{},[20,98037,4768,98038,98040],{},[15,98039,3403],{},". It empties the set in place.",[223,98042,1468,98044,98046],{"id":98043},"does-clear-delete-the-set-variable",[15,98045,10935],{}," delete the set variable?",[20,98048,98049],{},"No. The variable still exists, but the set becomes empty.",[223,98051,98053],{"id":98052},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-set-after-clearing","How do I create an empty set after clearing?",[20,98055,98056,98057,98059,98060,94],{},"You already have one after ",[15,98058,10935],{},". Printing it shows ",[15,98061,3422],{},[223,98063,1497,98065,796,98067,929],{"id":98064},"what-is-the-difference-between-clear-and-set",[15,98066,10935],{},[15,98068,3422],{},[20,98070,98071,98073,98074,98076],{},[15,98072,10935],{}," empties the existing set object. ",[15,98075,3422],{}," creates a new empty set object.",[134,98078,1514],{"id":1513},[147,98080,98081,98085,98089,98096,98102,98108],{},[150,98082,98083],{},[173,98084,95921],{"href":97092},[150,98086,98087],{},[173,98088,96931],{"href":97476},[150,98090,98091],{},[173,98092,96407,98094,1533],{"href":98093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-add-method\u002F",[15,98095,95796],{},[150,98097,98098],{},[173,98099,96407,98100,1533],{"href":97802},[15,98101,55130],{},[150,98103,98104],{},[173,98105,96407,98106,1533],{"href":97807},[15,98107,12374],{},[150,98109,98110],{},[173,98111,96407,98113,1533],{"href":98112},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method\u002F",[15,98114,14565],{},[1550,98116,98117],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":98119},[98120,98122,98123,98124,98131,98132,98141,98150],{"id":97067,"depth":83,"text":98121},"What set.clear() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":97231,"depth":83,"text":98125,"children":98126},"clear() vs creating a new empty set",[98127,98129],{"id":97244,"depth":109,"text":98128},"Using clear()",{"id":97348,"depth":109,"text":98130},"Using set()",{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":98133},[98134,98136,98138,98140],{"id":97660,"depth":109,"text":98135},"Assigning the result of clear()",{"id":97785,"depth":109,"text":98137},"Expecting clear() to remove only one item",{"id":97812,"depth":109,"text":98139},"Using {} for an empty set",{"id":97927,"depth":109,"text":97928},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":98142},[98143,98145,98147,98148],{"id":98033,"depth":109,"text":98144},"What does set.clear() return in Python?",{"id":98043,"depth":109,"text":98146},"Does clear() delete the set variable?",{"id":98052,"depth":109,"text":98053},{"id":98064,"depth":109,"text":98149},"What is the difference between clear() and set()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set clear method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method",{"title":96981,"description":98151},"reference\u002Fpython-set-clear-method","an3xypUqNVPwtX2yUs0k-KfEaD7q5bOcJq4_cTEG7TM",{"id":98158,"title":98159,"body":98160,"description":99992,"extension":1587,"meta":99993,"navigation":420,"path":95924,"seo":99994,"stem":99995,"__hash__":99996},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set.md","Python Set: Creating a Set",{"type":7,"value":98161,"toc":99949},[98162,98165,98168,98171,98173,98276,98280,98327,98333,98335,98354,98358,98361,98363,98377,98386,98390,98393,98428,98432,98452,98455,98459,98462,98523,98527,98552,98559,98565,98570,98572,98584,98588,98637,98641,98665,98672,98676,98717,98721,98742,98746,98779,98783,98824,98827,98831,98836,98875,98879,98904,98909,98915,98952,98956,98979,98983,98985,98988,98991,99068,99072,99109,99112,99116,99122,99125,99135,99184,99190,99196,99223,99226,99248,99250,99281,99284,99288,99292,99331,99335,99398,99401,99434,99438,99463,99465,99468,99474,99477,99504,99507,99525,99529,99533,99536,99579,99582,99586,99589,99592,99622,99625,99629,99632,99647,99652,99656,99659,99748,99750,99753,99843,99846,99864,99866,99870,99880,99884,99892,99896,99899,99903,99906,99910,99913,99915,99943,99946],[10,98163,98159],{"id":98164},"python-set-creating-a-set",[20,98166,98167],{},"This page shows how to create sets in Python, which syntax to use, and what happens with duplicates and empty sets.",[20,98169,98170],{},"A set is useful when you want a collection of unique values. Unlike a list, a set does not keep duplicate items.",[134,98172,3235],{"id":3234},[30,98174,98176],{"className":32,"code":98175,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nwords = set([\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\"])\nempty_set = set()\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(words)\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,98177,98178,98198,98232,98242,98246,98256,98266],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98179,98180,98182,98184,98186,98188,98190,98192,98194,98196],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98181,46],{"class":45},[39,98183,50],{"class":49},[39,98185,10103],{"class":53},[39,98187,58],{"class":57},[39,98189,61],{"class":53},[39,98191,64],{"class":57},[39,98193,61],{"class":53},[39,98195,73],{"class":57},[39,98197,8921],{"class":53},[39,98199,98200,98202,98204,98206,98208,98210,98212,98214,98216,98218,98220,98222,98224,98226,98228,98230],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98201,1191],{"class":45},[39,98203,50],{"class":49},[39,98205,15245],{"class":2523},[39,98207,2608],{"class":53},[39,98209,244],{"class":243},[39,98211,377],{"class":247},[39,98213,244],{"class":243},[39,98215,61],{"class":53},[39,98217,255],{"class":243},[39,98219,386],{"class":247},[39,98221,244],{"class":243},[39,98223,61],{"class":53},[39,98225,255],{"class":243},[39,98227,377],{"class":247},[39,98229,244],{"class":243},[39,98231,3513],{"class":53},[39,98233,98234,98236,98238,98240],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,98235,97883],{"class":45},[39,98237,50],{"class":49},[39,98239,15245],{"class":2523},[39,98241,8257],{"class":53},[39,98243,98244],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,98245,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,98247,98248,98250,98252,98254],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,98249,113],{"class":112},[39,98251,101],{"class":53},[39,98253,992],{"class":97},[39,98255,80],{"class":53},[39,98257,98258,98260,98262,98264],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,98259,113],{"class":112},[39,98261,101],{"class":53},[39,98263,1229],{"class":97},[39,98265,80],{"class":53},[39,98267,98268,98270,98272,98274],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,98269,113],{"class":112},[39,98271,101],{"class":53},[39,98273,97902],{"class":97},[39,98275,80],{"class":53},[20,98277,98278],{},[3367,98279,458],{},[30,98281,98283],{"className":32,"code":98282,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{'banana', 'apple'}\nset()\n",[15,98284,98285,98301,98321],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98286,98287,98289,98291,98293,98295,98297,98299],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98288,8890],{"class":53},[39,98290,58],{"class":57},[39,98292,61],{"class":53},[39,98294,64],{"class":57},[39,98296,61],{"class":53},[39,98298,73],{"class":57},[39,98300,8921],{"class":53},[39,98302,98303,98305,98307,98309,98311,98313,98315,98317,98319],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98304,8890],{"class":53},[39,98306,629],{"class":243},[39,98308,386],{"class":247},[39,98310,629],{"class":243},[39,98312,61],{"class":53},[39,98314,2920],{"class":243},[39,98316,377],{"class":247},[39,98318,629],{"class":243},[39,98320,8921],{"class":53},[39,98322,98323,98325],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,98324,5902],{"class":2523},[39,98326,8257],{"class":53},[20,98328,98329,98330,98332],{},"Use curly braces with values for a non-empty set. Use ",[15,98331,3422],{}," for an empty set.",[134,98334,14774],{"id":14773},[147,98336,98337,98340,98345,98348,98351],{},[150,98338,98339],{},"How to create a set with curly braces",[150,98341,98342,98343],{},"How to create a set with ",[15,98344,3422],{},[150,98346,98347],{},"How to create an empty set correctly",[150,98349,98350],{},"What happens to duplicate values",[150,98352,98353],{},"How set creation differs from list, tuple, and dictionary creation",[134,98355,98357],{"id":98356},"what-a-set-is","What a set is",[20,98359,98360],{},"A set is a collection of unique values.",[20,98362,30153],{},[147,98364,98365,98368,98371,98374],{},[150,98366,98367],{},"Sets do not keep duplicate items",[150,98369,98370],{},"Sets are unordered",[150,98372,98373],{},"Sets do not use positions like list indexes",[150,98375,98376],{},"Sets are useful when you only care whether a value exists",[20,98378,98379,98380,177,98382,94],{},"If you want a full beginner explanation, see ",[173,98381,95921],{"href":97092},[173,98383,98385],{"href":98384},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-set-in-python\u002F","what is a set in Python",[134,98387,98389],{"id":98388},"create-a-set-with-curly-braces","Create a set with curly braces",[20,98391,98392],{},"Use curly braces with comma-separated values to create a non-empty set.",[30,98394,98396],{"className":32,"code":98395,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98397,98398,98418],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98399,98400,98402,98404,98406,98408,98410,98412,98414,98416],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98401,46],{"class":45},[39,98403,50],{"class":49},[39,98405,10103],{"class":53},[39,98407,58],{"class":57},[39,98409,61],{"class":53},[39,98411,64],{"class":57},[39,98413,61],{"class":53},[39,98415,73],{"class":57},[39,98417,8921],{"class":53},[39,98419,98420,98422,98424,98426],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98421,113],{"class":112},[39,98423,101],{"class":53},[39,98425,992],{"class":97},[39,98427,80],{"class":53},[20,98429,98430],{},[3367,98431,29642],{},[30,98433,98434],{"className":32,"code":96200,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,98435,98436],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98437,98438,98440,98442,98444,98446,98448,98450],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98439,8890],{"class":53},[39,98441,58],{"class":57},[39,98443,61],{"class":53},[39,98445,64],{"class":57},[39,98447,61],{"class":53},[39,98449,73],{"class":57},[39,98451,8921],{"class":53},[20,98453,98454],{},"This is the shortest way to create a set when you already know the values.",[223,98456,98458],{"id":98457},"duplicates-are-removed-automatically","Duplicates are removed automatically",[20,98460,98461],{},"If you repeat a value, Python keeps only one copy.",[30,98463,98465],{"className":32,"code":98464,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}\nprint(numbers)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,98466,98467,98499,98509],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98468,98469,98471,98473,98475,98477,98479,98481,98483,98485,98487,98489,98491,98493,98495,98497],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98470,46],{"class":45},[39,98472,50],{"class":49},[39,98474,10103],{"class":53},[39,98476,58],{"class":57},[39,98478,61],{"class":53},[39,98480,64],{"class":57},[39,98482,61],{"class":53},[39,98484,64],{"class":57},[39,98486,61],{"class":53},[39,98488,73],{"class":57},[39,98490,61],{"class":53},[39,98492,73],{"class":57},[39,98494,61],{"class":53},[39,98496,73],{"class":57},[39,98498,8921],{"class":53},[39,98500,98501,98503,98505,98507],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98502,113],{"class":112},[39,98504,101],{"class":53},[39,98506,992],{"class":97},[39,98508,80],{"class":53},[39,98510,98511,98513,98515,98517,98519,98521],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,98512,113],{"class":112},[39,98514,101],{"class":53},[39,98516,10775],{"class":112},[39,98518,101],{"class":53},[39,98520,992],{"class":97},[39,98522,1026],{"class":53},[20,98524,98525],{},[3367,98526,29642],{},[30,98528,98530],{"className":32,"code":98529,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n3\n",[15,98531,98532,98548],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98533,98534,98536,98538,98540,98542,98544,98546],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98535,8890],{"class":53},[39,98537,58],{"class":57},[39,98539,61],{"class":53},[39,98541,64],{"class":57},[39,98543,61],{"class":53},[39,98545,73],{"class":57},[39,98547,8921],{"class":53},[39,98549,98550],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98551,461],{"class":57},[20,98553,20590,98554,796,98556,98558],{},[15,98555,104],{},[15,98557,479],{}," appeared more than once, the set stores each value only once.",[134,98560,98562,98563],{"id":98561},"create-a-set-with-set","Create a set with ",[15,98564,3422],{},[20,98566,128,98567,98569],{},[15,98568,3422],{}," when you want to build a set from another iterable.",[20,98571,5073],{},[147,98573,98574,98576,98578,98580],{},[150,98575,96680],{},[150,98577,95976],{},[150,98579,56066],{},[150,98581,98582],{},[15,98583,35812],{},[223,98585,98587],{"id":98586},"create-a-set-from-a-list","Create a set from a list",[30,98589,98591],{"className":32,"code":98590,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = set([1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,98592,98593,98627],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98594,98595,98597,98599,98601,98603,98605,98607,98609,98611,98613,98615,98617,98619,98621,98623,98625],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98596,46],{"class":45},[39,98598,50],{"class":49},[39,98600,15245],{"class":2523},[39,98602,2608],{"class":53},[39,98604,58],{"class":57},[39,98606,61],{"class":53},[39,98608,64],{"class":57},[39,98610,61],{"class":53},[39,98612,64],{"class":57},[39,98614,61],{"class":53},[39,98616,73],{"class":57},[39,98618,61],{"class":53},[39,98620,73],{"class":57},[39,98622,61],{"class":53},[39,98624,2080],{"class":57},[39,98626,3513],{"class":53},[39,98628,98629,98631,98633,98635],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98630,113],{"class":112},[39,98632,101],{"class":53},[39,98634,992],{"class":97},[39,98636,80],{"class":53},[20,98638,98639],{},[3367,98640,29642],{},[30,98642,98643],{"className":32,"code":95863,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,98644,98645],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98646,98647,98649,98651,98653,98655,98657,98659,98661,98663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98648,8890],{"class":53},[39,98650,58],{"class":57},[39,98652,61],{"class":53},[39,98654,64],{"class":57},[39,98656,61],{"class":53},[39,98658,73],{"class":57},[39,98660,61],{"class":53},[39,98662,2080],{"class":57},[39,98664,8921],{"class":53},[20,98666,98667,98668,94],{},"This is a common way to remove duplicates from a list. For a full task-based example, see ",[173,98669,98671],{"href":98670},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python\u002F","how to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[223,98673,98675],{"id":98674},"create-a-set-from-a-tuple","Create a set from a tuple",[30,98677,98679],{"className":32,"code":98678,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = set((10, 20, 20, 30))\nprint(values)\n",[15,98680,98681,98707],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98682,98683,98685,98687,98689,98691,98693,98695,98697,98699,98701,98703,98705],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98684,812],{"class":45},[39,98686,50],{"class":49},[39,98688,15245],{"class":2523},[39,98690,5126],{"class":53},[39,98692,682],{"class":57},[39,98694,61],{"class":53},[39,98696,687],{"class":57},[39,98698,61],{"class":53},[39,98700,687],{"class":57},[39,98702,61],{"class":53},[39,98704,697],{"class":57},[39,98706,1026],{"class":53},[39,98708,98709,98711,98713,98715],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98710,113],{"class":112},[39,98712,101],{"class":53},[39,98714,856],{"class":97},[39,98716,80],{"class":53},[20,98718,98719],{},[3367,98720,29642],{},[30,98722,98724],{"className":32,"code":98723,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{10, 20, 30}\n",[15,98725,98726],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98727,98728,98730,98732,98734,98736,98738,98740],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98729,8890],{"class":53},[39,98731,682],{"class":57},[39,98733,61],{"class":53},[39,98735,687],{"class":57},[39,98737,61],{"class":53},[39,98739,697],{"class":57},[39,98741,8921],{"class":53},[223,98743,98745],{"id":98744},"create-a-set-from-a-string","Create a set from a string",[30,98747,98749],{"className":32,"code":98748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = set(\"hello\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,98750,98751,98769],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98752,98753,98755,98757,98759,98761,98763,98765,98767],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98754,1053],{"class":45},[39,98756,50],{"class":49},[39,98758,15245],{"class":2523},[39,98760,101],{"class":53},[39,98762,244],{"class":243},[39,98764,3470],{"class":247},[39,98766,244],{"class":243},[39,98768,80],{"class":53},[39,98770,98771,98773,98775,98777],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98772,113],{"class":112},[39,98774,101],{"class":53},[39,98776,35757],{"class":97},[39,98778,80],{"class":53},[20,98780,98781],{},[3367,98782,29642],{},[30,98784,98786],{"className":32,"code":98785,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n",[15,98787,98788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98789,98790,98792,98794,98796,98798,98800,98802,98804,98806,98808,98810,98812,98814,98816,98818,98820,98822],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98791,8890],{"class":53},[39,98793,629],{"class":243},[39,98795,60029],{"class":247},[39,98797,629],{"class":243},[39,98799,61],{"class":53},[39,98801,2920],{"class":243},[39,98803,60038],{"class":247},[39,98805,629],{"class":243},[39,98807,61],{"class":53},[39,98809,2920],{"class":243},[39,98811,60047],{"class":247},[39,98813,629],{"class":243},[39,98815,61],{"class":53},[39,98817,2920],{"class":243},[39,98819,60064],{"class":247},[39,98821,629],{"class":243},[39,98823,8921],{"class":53},[20,98825,98826],{},"The string is treated as an iterable of characters, so the set contains unique letters only.",[134,98828,98830],{"id":98829},"how-to-create-an-empty-set","How to create an empty set",[20,98832,98833,98834,94],{},"To create an empty set, use ",[15,98835,3422],{},[30,98837,98839],{"className":32,"code":98838,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\nprint(type(empty_set))\n",[15,98840,98841,98851,98861],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98842,98843,98845,98847,98849],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98844,97883],{"class":45},[39,98846,50],{"class":49},[39,98848,15245],{"class":2523},[39,98850,8257],{"class":53},[39,98852,98853,98855,98857,98859],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98854,113],{"class":112},[39,98856,101],{"class":53},[39,98858,97902],{"class":97},[39,98860,80],{"class":53},[39,98862,98863,98865,98867,98869,98871,98873],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,98864,113],{"class":112},[39,98866,101],{"class":53},[39,98868,2845],{"class":2523},[39,98870,101],{"class":53},[39,98872,97902],{"class":97},[39,98874,1026],{"class":53},[20,98876,98877],{},[3367,98878,458],{},[30,98880,98882],{"className":32,"code":98881,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set()\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,98883,98884,98890],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98885,98886,98888],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98887,5902],{"class":2523},[39,98889,8257],{"class":53},[39,98891,98892,98894,98896,98898,98900,98902],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98893,2914],{"class":49},[39,98895,2917],{"class":1689},[39,98897,2920],{"class":243},[39,98899,5902],{"class":247},[39,98901,629],{"class":243},[39,98903,2927],{"class":49},[223,98905,44035,98907],{"id":98906},"do-not-use",[15,98908,3417],{},[20,98910,98911,98912,98914],{},"Empty braces do ",[3367,98913,4254],{}," create a set.",[30,98916,98918],{"className":32,"code":98917,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_value = {}\nprint(empty_value)\nprint(type(empty_value))\n",[15,98919,98920,98928,98938],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98921,98922,98924,98926],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98923,97827],{"class":45},[39,98925,50],{"class":49},[39,98927,9451],{"class":53},[39,98929,98930,98932,98934,98936],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98931,113],{"class":112},[39,98933,101],{"class":53},[39,98935,97844],{"class":97},[39,98937,80],{"class":53},[39,98939,98940,98942,98944,98946,98948,98950],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,98941,113],{"class":112},[39,98943,101],{"class":53},[39,98945,2845],{"class":2523},[39,98947,101],{"class":53},[39,98949,97844],{"class":97},[39,98951,1026],{"class":53},[20,98953,98954],{},[3367,98955,458],{},[30,98957,98959],{"className":32,"code":98958,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{}\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,98960,98961,98965],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98962,98963],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98964,9047],{"class":53},[39,98966,98967,98969,98971,98973,98975,98977],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,98968,2914],{"class":49},[39,98970,2917],{"class":1689},[39,98972,2920],{"class":243},[39,98974,8433],{"class":247},[39,98976,629],{"class":243},[39,98978,2927],{"class":49},[20,98980,98981,8400],{},[15,98982,3417],{},[134,98984,71859],{"id":71858},[20,98986,98987],{},"Sets store each value only once.",[20,98989,98990],{},"If the same value appears multiple times, Python removes the extra copies when the set is created.",[30,98992,98994],{"className":32,"code":98993,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"apple\", \"apple\", \"orange\"}\nprint(words)\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,98995,98996,99044,99054],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,98997,98998,99000,99002,99004,99006,99008,99010,99012,99014,99016,99018,99020,99022,99024,99026,99028,99030,99032,99034,99036,99038,99040,99042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,98999,1191],{"class":45},[39,99001,50],{"class":49},[39,99003,10103],{"class":53},[39,99005,244],{"class":243},[39,99007,377],{"class":247},[39,99009,244],{"class":243},[39,99011,61],{"class":53},[39,99013,255],{"class":243},[39,99015,386],{"class":247},[39,99017,244],{"class":243},[39,99019,61],{"class":53},[39,99021,255],{"class":243},[39,99023,377],{"class":247},[39,99025,244],{"class":243},[39,99027,61],{"class":53},[39,99029,255],{"class":243},[39,99031,377],{"class":247},[39,99033,244],{"class":243},[39,99035,61],{"class":53},[39,99037,255],{"class":243},[39,99039,403],{"class":247},[39,99041,244],{"class":243},[39,99043,8921],{"class":53},[39,99045,99046,99048,99050,99052],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99047,113],{"class":112},[39,99049,101],{"class":53},[39,99051,1229],{"class":97},[39,99053,80],{"class":53},[39,99055,99056,99058,99060,99062,99064,99066],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,99057,113],{"class":112},[39,99059,101],{"class":53},[39,99061,10775],{"class":112},[39,99063,101],{"class":53},[39,99065,1229],{"class":97},[39,99067,1026],{"class":53},[20,99069,99070],{},[3367,99071,29642],{},[30,99073,99075],{"className":32,"code":99074,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n3\n",[15,99076,99077,99105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99078,99079,99081,99083,99085,99087,99089,99091,99093,99095,99097,99099,99101,99103],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99080,8890],{"class":53},[39,99082,629],{"class":243},[39,99084,386],{"class":247},[39,99086,629],{"class":243},[39,99088,61],{"class":53},[39,99090,2920],{"class":243},[39,99092,403],{"class":247},[39,99094,629],{"class":243},[39,99096,61],{"class":53},[39,99098,2920],{"class":243},[39,99100,377],{"class":247},[39,99102,629],{"class":243},[39,99104,8921],{"class":53},[39,99106,99107],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99108,461],{"class":57},[20,99110,99111],{},"This is why sets are helpful for cleaning repeated data.",[134,99113,99115],{"id":99114},"values-you-can-put-in-a-set","Values you can put in a set",[20,99117,99118,99119,99121],{},"Set items must be ",[3367,99120,95964],{},". In simple terms, that means Python must be able to treat the value as stable and usable inside a set.",[20,99123,99124],{},"These usually work:",[147,99126,99127,99129,99131,99133],{},[150,99128,56063],{},[150,99130,56066],{},[150,99132,95976],{},[150,99134,40206],{},[30,99136,99138],{"className":32,"code":99137,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = {1, \"apple\", (10, 20), True}\nprint(values)\n",[15,99139,99140,99174],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99141,99142,99144,99146,99148,99150,99152,99154,99156,99158,99160,99162,99164,99166,99168,99170,99172],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99143,812],{"class":45},[39,99145,50],{"class":49},[39,99147,10103],{"class":53},[39,99149,58],{"class":57},[39,99151,61],{"class":53},[39,99153,255],{"class":243},[39,99155,377],{"class":247},[39,99157,244],{"class":243},[39,99159,61],{"class":53},[39,99161,54],{"class":53},[39,99163,682],{"class":57},[39,99165,61],{"class":53},[39,99167,687],{"class":57},[39,99169,8846],{"class":53},[39,99171,3541],{"class":3477},[39,99173,8921],{"class":53},[39,99175,99176,99178,99180,99182],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99177,113],{"class":112},[39,99179,101],{"class":53},[39,99181,856],{"class":97},[39,99183,80],{"class":53},[20,99185,99186,99187,99189],{},"These do ",[3367,99188,4254],{}," work directly:",[147,99191,99192,99194],{},[150,99193,96680],{},[150,99195,96683],{},[30,99197,99199],{"className":32,"code":99198,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bad_set = {[1, 2, 3]}\n",[15,99200,99201],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99202,99203,99206,99208,99211,99213,99215,99217,99219,99221],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99204,99205],{"class":45},"bad_set ",[39,99207,50],{"class":49},[39,99209,99210],{"class":53}," {[",[39,99212,58],{"class":57},[39,99214,61],{"class":53},[39,99216,64],{"class":57},[39,99218,61],{"class":53},[39,99220,73],{"class":57},[39,99222,13316],{"class":53},[20,99224,99225],{},"This raises an error:",[30,99227,99228],{"className":32,"code":96739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,99229,99230],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99231,99232,99234,99236,99238,99240,99242,99244,99246],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99233,2627],{"class":2523},[39,99235,145],{"class":53},[39,99237,96750],{"class":45},[39,99239,2845],{"class":2523},[39,99241,145],{"class":53},[39,99243,2920],{"class":243},[39,99245,7710],{"class":247},[39,99247,29312],{"class":243},[20,99249,51682],{},[30,99251,99253],{"className":32,"code":99252,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bad_set = {{\"name\": \"Sam\"}}\n",[15,99254,99255],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99256,99257,99259,99261,99264,99266,99268,99270,99272,99274,99276,99278],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99258,99205],{"class":45},[39,99260,50],{"class":49},[39,99262,99263],{"class":53}," {{",[39,99265,244],{"class":243},[39,99267,7285],{"class":247},[39,99269,244],{"class":243},[39,99271,145],{"class":53},[39,99273,255],{"class":243},[39,99275,7294],{"class":247},[39,99277,244],{"class":243},[39,99279,99280],{"class":53},"}}\n",[20,99282,99283],{},"This also raises an error because dictionaries are unhashable.",[134,99285,99287],{"id":99286},"set-creation-examples-beginners-need","Set creation examples beginners need",[223,99289,99291],{"id":99290},"create-a-set-of-numbers","Create a set of numbers",[30,99293,99295],{"className":32,"code":99294,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99296,99297,99321],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99298,99299,99301,99303,99305,99307,99309,99311,99313,99315,99317,99319],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99300,46],{"class":45},[39,99302,50],{"class":49},[39,99304,10103],{"class":53},[39,99306,58],{"class":57},[39,99308,61],{"class":53},[39,99310,64],{"class":57},[39,99312,61],{"class":53},[39,99314,73],{"class":57},[39,99316,61],{"class":53},[39,99318,2080],{"class":57},[39,99320,8921],{"class":53},[39,99322,99323,99325,99327,99329],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99324,113],{"class":112},[39,99326,101],{"class":53},[39,99328,992],{"class":97},[39,99330,80],{"class":53},[223,99332,99334],{"id":99333},"create-a-set-from-a-list-with-duplicates","Create a set from a list with duplicates",[30,99336,99338],{"className":32,"code":99337,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 1, 2, 3, 3]\nunique_items = set(items)\n\nprint(unique_items)\n",[15,99339,99340,99368,99383,99387],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99341,99342,99344,99346,99348,99350,99352,99354,99356,99358,99360,99362,99364,99366],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99343,7397],{"class":45},[39,99345,50],{"class":49},[39,99347,3249],{"class":53},[39,99349,58],{"class":57},[39,99351,61],{"class":53},[39,99353,595],{"class":57},[39,99355,61],{"class":53},[39,99357,64],{"class":57},[39,99359,61],{"class":53},[39,99361,73],{"class":57},[39,99363,61],{"class":53},[39,99365,73],{"class":57},[39,99367,3262],{"class":53},[39,99369,99370,99373,99375,99377,99379,99381],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99371,99372],{"class":45},"unique_items ",[39,99374,50],{"class":49},[39,99376,15245],{"class":2523},[39,99378,101],{"class":53},[39,99380,7426],{"class":97},[39,99382,80],{"class":53},[39,99384,99385],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,99386,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,99388,99389,99391,99393,99396],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,99390,113],{"class":112},[39,99392,101],{"class":53},[39,99394,99395],{"class":97},"unique_items",[39,99397,80],{"class":53},[223,99399,98745],{"id":99400},"create-a-set-from-a-string-1",[30,99402,99404],{"className":32,"code":99403,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = set(\"banana\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,99405,99406,99424],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99407,99408,99410,99412,99414,99416,99418,99420,99422],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99409,1053],{"class":45},[39,99411,50],{"class":49},[39,99413,15245],{"class":2523},[39,99415,101],{"class":53},[39,99417,244],{"class":243},[39,99419,386],{"class":247},[39,99421,244],{"class":243},[39,99423,80],{"class":53},[39,99425,99426,99428,99430,99432],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99427,113],{"class":112},[39,99429,101],{"class":53},[39,99431,35757],{"class":97},[39,99433,80],{"class":53},[223,99435,99437],{"id":99436},"create-an-empty-set","Create an empty set",[30,99439,99441],{"className":32,"code":99440,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_set = set()\nprint(empty_set)\n",[15,99442,99443,99453],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99444,99445,99447,99449,99451],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99446,97883],{"class":45},[39,99448,50],{"class":49},[39,99450,15245],{"class":2523},[39,99452,8257],{"class":53},[39,99454,99455,99457,99459,99461],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99456,113],{"class":112},[39,99458,101],{"class":53},[39,99460,97902],{"class":97},[39,99462,80],{"class":53},[134,99464,944],{"id":943},[20,99466,99467],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating sets.",[223,99469,948,99471,99473],{"id":99470},"using-and-expecting-an-empty-set",[15,99472,3417],{}," and expecting an empty set",[20,99475,99476],{},"This is one of the most common mistakes.",[30,99478,99480],{"className":32,"code":99479,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = {}\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,99481,99482,99490],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99483,99484,99486,99488],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99485,2070],{"class":45},[39,99487,50],{"class":49},[39,99489,9451],{"class":53},[39,99491,99492,99494,99496,99498,99500,99502],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99493,113],{"class":112},[39,99495,101],{"class":53},[39,99497,2845],{"class":2523},[39,99499,101],{"class":53},[39,99501,155],{"class":97},[39,99503,1026],{"class":53},[20,99505,99506],{},"This prints:",[30,99508,99509],{"className":32,"code":8420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,99510,99511],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99512,99513,99515,99517,99519,99521,99523],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99514,2914],{"class":49},[39,99516,2917],{"class":1689},[39,99518,2920],{"class":243},[39,99520,8433],{"class":247},[39,99522,629],{"class":243},[39,99524,2927],{"class":49},[20,99526,128,99527,6247],{},[15,99528,3422],{},[223,99530,99532],{"id":99531},"forgetting-that-duplicate-values-are-removed","Forgetting that duplicate values are removed",[20,99534,99535],{},"If you create a set with repeated values, the duplicates disappear.",[30,99537,99539],{"className":32,"code":99538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,99540,99541,99569],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99542,99543,99545,99547,99549,99551,99553,99555,99557,99559,99561,99563,99565,99567],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99544,46],{"class":45},[39,99546,50],{"class":49},[39,99548,10103],{"class":53},[39,99550,58],{"class":57},[39,99552,61],{"class":53},[39,99554,595],{"class":57},[39,99556,61],{"class":53},[39,99558,64],{"class":57},[39,99560,61],{"class":53},[39,99562,64],{"class":57},[39,99564,61],{"class":53},[39,99566,73],{"class":57},[39,99568,8921],{"class":53},[39,99570,99571,99573,99575,99577],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99572,113],{"class":112},[39,99574,101],{"class":53},[39,99576,992],{"class":97},[39,99578,80],{"class":53},[20,99580,99581],{},"You will only get the unique values.",[223,99583,99585],{"id":99584},"expecting-set-items-to-stay-in-a-fixed-order","Expecting set items to stay in a fixed order",[20,99587,99588],{},"A set is unordered. You should not rely on item position.",[20,99590,99591],{},"This means code like this does not work:",[30,99593,99595],{"className":32,"code":99594,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {10, 20, 30}\n# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[15,99596,99597,99617],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99598,99599,99601,99603,99605,99607,99609,99611,99613,99615],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99600,46],{"class":45},[39,99602,50],{"class":49},[39,99604,10103],{"class":53},[39,99606,682],{"class":57},[39,99608,61],{"class":53},[39,99610,687],{"class":57},[39,99612,61],{"class":53},[39,99614,697],{"class":57},[39,99616,8921],{"class":53},[39,99618,99619],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99620,99621],{"class":124},"# numbers[0]  # This would cause an error\n",[20,99623,99624],{},"If you need ordered items by position, use a list instead.",[223,99626,99628],{"id":99627},"trying-to-put-a-list-or-dictionary-inside-a-set","Trying to put a list or dictionary inside a set",[20,99630,99631],{},"Lists and dictionaries cannot be added directly to a set because they are unhashable.",[30,99633,99635],{"className":32,"code":99634,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[15,99636,99637,99642],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99638,99639],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99640,99641],{"class":124},"# bad = {[1, 2]}\n",[39,99643,99644],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99645,99646],{"class":124},"# bad = {{\"a\": 1}}\n",[20,99648,99649,99650,94],{},"Both examples would raise a ",[15,99651,2627],{},[223,99653,99655],{"id":99654},"confusing-set-creation-with-dictionary-creation","Confusing set creation with dictionary creation",[20,99657,99658],{},"These look similar, but they are different:",[30,99660,99662],{"className":32,"code":99661,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, 3}\nmy_dict = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(type(my_dict))\n",[15,99663,99664,99684,99716,99720,99734],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99665,99666,99668,99670,99672,99674,99676,99678,99680,99682],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99667,15240],{"class":45},[39,99669,50],{"class":49},[39,99671,10103],{"class":53},[39,99673,58],{"class":57},[39,99675,61],{"class":53},[39,99677,64],{"class":57},[39,99679,61],{"class":53},[39,99681,73],{"class":57},[39,99683,8921],{"class":53},[39,99685,99686,99688,99690,99692,99694,99696,99698,99700,99702,99704,99706,99708,99710,99712,99714],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99687,11336],{"class":45},[39,99689,50],{"class":49},[39,99691,10103],{"class":53},[39,99693,244],{"class":243},[39,99695,173],{"class":247},[39,99697,244],{"class":243},[39,99699,145],{"class":53},[39,99701,595],{"class":57},[39,99703,61],{"class":53},[39,99705,255],{"class":243},[39,99707,1070],{"class":247},[39,99709,244],{"class":243},[39,99711,145],{"class":53},[39,99713,64],{"class":57},[39,99715,8921],{"class":53},[39,99717,99718],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,99719,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,99721,99722,99724,99726,99728,99730,99732],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,99723,113],{"class":112},[39,99725,101],{"class":53},[39,99727,2845],{"class":2523},[39,99729,101],{"class":53},[39,99731,15278],{"class":97},[39,99733,1026],{"class":53},[39,99735,99736,99738,99740,99742,99744,99746],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,99737,113],{"class":112},[39,99739,101],{"class":53},[39,99741,2845],{"class":2523},[39,99743,101],{"class":53},[39,99745,11062],{"class":97},[39,99747,1026],{"class":53},[134,99749,92376],{"id":92375},[20,99751,99752],{},"If you are not sure what Python created, these quick checks help:",[30,99754,99756],{"className":32,"code":99755,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = set([1, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint({})\nprint(set())\n",[15,99757,99758,99784,99788,99802,99812,99826,99833],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,99759,99760,99762,99764,99766,99768,99770,99772,99774,99776,99778,99780,99782],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,99761,15240],{"class":45},[39,99763,50],{"class":49},[39,99765,15245],{"class":2523},[39,99767,2608],{"class":53},[39,99769,58],{"class":57},[39,99771,61],{"class":53},[39,99773,64],{"class":57},[39,99775,61],{"class":53},[39,99777,64],{"class":57},[39,99779,61],{"class":53},[39,99781,73],{"class":57},[39,99783,3513],{"class":53},[39,99785,99786],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,99787,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,99789,99790,99792,99794,99796,99798,99800],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,99791,113],{"class":112},[39,99793,101],{"class":53},[39,99795,2845],{"class":2523},[39,99797,101],{"class":53},[39,99799,15278],{"class":97},[39,99801,1026],{"class":53},[39,99803,99804,99806,99808,99810],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,99805,113],{"class":112},[39,99807,101],{"class":53},[39,99809,15278],{"class":97},[39,99811,80],{"class":53},[39,99813,99814,99816,99818,99820,99822,99824],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,99815,113],{"class":112},[39,99817,101],{"class":53},[39,99819,10775],{"class":112},[39,99821,101],{"class":53},[39,99823,15278],{"class":97},[39,99825,1026],{"class":53},[39,99827,99828,99830],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,99829,113],{"class":112},[39,99831,99832],{"class":53},"({})\n",[39,99834,99835,99837,99839,99841],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,99836,113],{"class":112},[39,99838,101],{"class":53},[39,99840,5902],{"class":2523},[39,99842,6810],{"class":53},[20,99844,99845],{},"Use these to confirm:",[147,99847,99848,99851,99854,99857],{},[150,99849,99850],{},"The object type",[150,99852,99853],{},"The actual values stored",[150,99855,99856],{},"Whether duplicates were removed",[150,99858,99859,99860,796,99862],{},"The difference between ",[15,99861,3417],{},[15,99863,3422],{},[134,99865,1454],{"id":1453},[223,99867,99869],{"id":99868},"how-do-you-create-a-set-in-python","How do you create a set in Python?",[20,99871,99872,99873,99876,99877,99879],{},"Use curly braces for a non-empty set, like ",[15,99874,99875],{},"{1, 2, 3}",", or use ",[15,99878,3422],{}," with another iterable.",[223,99881,99883],{"id":99882},"how-do-you-create-an-empty-set-in-python","How do you create an empty set in Python?",[20,99885,128,99886,99888,99889,99891],{},[15,99887,3422],{},". Empty braces ",[15,99890,3417],{}," create a dictionary, not a set.",[223,99893,99895],{"id":99894},"does-a-set-keep-duplicates","Does a set keep duplicates?",[20,99897,99898],{},"No. Python removes duplicate values automatically when the set is created.",[223,99900,99902],{"id":99901},"can-a-set-contain-a-list","Can a set contain a list?",[20,99904,99905],{},"No. Lists are mutable and unhashable, so they cannot be stored inside a set.",[223,99907,99909],{"id":99908},"is-a-set-ordered-in-python","Is a set ordered in Python?",[20,99911,99912],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item position.",[134,99914,1514],{"id":1513},[147,99916,99917,99921,99927,99933,99938],{},[150,99918,99919],{},[173,99920,95921],{"href":97092},[150,99922,99923],{},[173,99924,3202,99925,1533],{"href":98093},[15,99926,95801],{},[150,99928,99929],{},[173,99930,3202,99931,1533],{"href":98112},[15,99932,96907],{},[150,99934,99935],{},[173,99936,99937],{"href":98670},"How to remove duplicates from a list in Python",[150,99939,99940],{},[173,99941,99942],{"href":98384},"What is a set in Python?",[20,99944,99945],{},"Next, learn how to add items to a set or use a set to remove duplicates from data.",[1550,99947,99948],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":99950},[99951,99952,99953,99954,99957,99963,99967,99968,99969,99975,99983,99984,99991],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":14773,"depth":83,"text":14774},{"id":98356,"depth":83,"text":98357},{"id":98388,"depth":83,"text":98389,"children":99955},[99956],{"id":98457,"depth":109,"text":98458},{"id":98561,"depth":83,"text":99958,"children":99959},"Create a set with set()",[99960,99961,99962],{"id":98586,"depth":109,"text":98587},{"id":98674,"depth":109,"text":98675},{"id":98744,"depth":109,"text":98745},{"id":98829,"depth":83,"text":98830,"children":99964},[99965],{"id":98906,"depth":109,"text":99966},"Do not use {}",{"id":71858,"depth":83,"text":71859},{"id":99114,"depth":83,"text":99115},{"id":99286,"depth":83,"text":99287,"children":99970},[99971,99972,99973,99974],{"id":99290,"depth":109,"text":99291},{"id":99333,"depth":109,"text":99334},{"id":99400,"depth":109,"text":98745},{"id":99436,"depth":109,"text":99437},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":99976},[99977,99979,99980,99981,99982],{"id":99470,"depth":109,"text":99978},"Using {} and expecting an empty set",{"id":99531,"depth":109,"text":99532},{"id":99584,"depth":109,"text":99585},{"id":99627,"depth":109,"text":99628},{"id":99654,"depth":109,"text":99655},{"id":92375,"depth":83,"text":92376},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":99985},[99986,99987,99988,99989,99990],{"id":99868,"depth":109,"text":99869},{"id":99882,"depth":109,"text":99883},{"id":99894,"depth":109,"text":99895},{"id":99901,"depth":109,"text":99902},{"id":99908,"depth":109,"text":99909},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set creating a set in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":98159,"description":99992},"reference\u002Fpython-set-creating-a-set","F7KVZkLoMkGFL1kMVB2Scd2DlvV1I1oMzOpp-WRoVog",{"id":99998,"title":99999,"body":100000,"description":102431,"extension":1587,"meta":102432,"navigation":420,"path":102433,"seo":102434,"stem":102435,"__hash__":102436},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method.md","Python Set difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":100001,"toc":102396},[100002,100008,100014,100017,100019,100096,100098,100115,100125,100127,100132,100140,100142,100158,100162,100164,100166,100169,100190,100193,100217,100223,100225,100322,100324,100341,100351,100353,100355,100363,100365,100376,100378,100469,100471,100495,100506,100508,100510,100513,100643,100645,100718,100720,100741,100744,100746,100752,100757,100760,100887,100889,100906,100909,100911,100919,100922,100926,100934,101025,101027,101064,101069,101076,101153,101155,101171,101176,101181,101183,101192,101200,101281,101283,101312,101315,101319,101330,101333,101416,101418,101439,101445,101447,101449,101453,101457,101464,101529,101531,101551,101554,101623,101625,101641,101645,101651,101663,101671,101673,101758,101760,101789,101792,101796,101801,101803,101853,101856,101937,101939,101955,101959,101962,102037,102040,102044,102047,102124,102126,102159,102165,102169,102172,102307,102309,102323,102325,102327,102333,102336,102343,102351,102357,102360,102364,102367,102369,102371,102393],[10,100003,95793,100005,18],{"id":100004},"python-set-difference-method",[15,100006,100007],{},"difference()",[20,100009,100010,100013],{},[15,100011,100012],{},"set.difference()"," returns the values that are in one set but not in another.",[20,100015,100016],{},"This is useful when you want to find items that exist in the first set and remove anything that also appears in one or more other sets.",[134,100018,3235],{"id":3234},[30,100020,100022],{"className":32,"code":100021,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\nresult = a.difference(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100023,100024,100048,100068,100086],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100025,100026,100028,100030,100032,100034,100036,100038,100040,100042,100044,100046],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100027,2176],{"class":45},[39,100029,50],{"class":49},[39,100031,10103],{"class":53},[39,100033,58],{"class":57},[39,100035,61],{"class":53},[39,100037,64],{"class":57},[39,100039,61],{"class":53},[39,100041,73],{"class":57},[39,100043,61],{"class":53},[39,100045,2080],{"class":57},[39,100047,8921],{"class":53},[39,100049,100050,100052,100054,100056,100058,100060,100062,100064,100066],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,100051,2204],{"class":45},[39,100053,50],{"class":49},[39,100055,10103],{"class":53},[39,100057,479],{"class":57},[39,100059,61],{"class":53},[39,100061,2080],{"class":57},[39,100063,61],{"class":53},[39,100065,4228],{"class":57},[39,100067,8921],{"class":53},[39,100069,100070,100072,100074,100076,100078,100080,100082,100084],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,100071,86],{"class":45},[39,100073,50],{"class":49},[39,100075,56489],{"class":45},[39,100077,94],{"class":53},[39,100079,2434],{"class":97},[39,100081,101],{"class":53},[39,100083,1070],{"class":97},[39,100085,80],{"class":53},[39,100087,100088,100090,100092,100094],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,100089,113],{"class":112},[39,100091,101],{"class":53},[39,100093,118],{"class":97},[39,100095,80],{"class":53},[20,100097,458],{},[30,100099,100101],{"className":32,"code":100100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2}\n",[15,100102,100103],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100104,100105,100107,100109,100111,100113],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100106,8890],{"class":53},[39,100108,58],{"class":57},[39,100110,61],{"class":53},[39,100112,64],{"class":57},[39,100114,8921],{"class":53},[20,100116,100117,100119,100120,100122,100123,94],{},[15,100118,100007],{}," returns a new set with items from ",[15,100121,173],{}," that are not in ",[15,100124,1070],{},[44523,100126],{},[134,100128,137,100130,140],{"id":100129},"what-difference-does",[15,100131,100007],{},[20,100133,1604,100134,100136,100137,100139],{},[15,100135,100007],{}," method compares sets and keeps only the values from the first set that do ",[3367,100138,4254],{}," appear in the other set.",[20,100141,12664],{},[147,100143,100144,100149,100152,100155],{},[150,100145,100146,100148],{},[15,100147,100007],{}," returns items that are in the first set but not in the other set",[150,100150,100151],{},"It creates a new set",[150,100153,100154],{},"It does not change the original set",[150,100156,100157],{},"It is useful for finding removed, missing, or unique values",[20,100159,95917,100160,94],{},[173,100161,95921],{"href":97092},[44523,100163],{},[134,100165,1781],{"id":1780},[20,100167,100168],{},"Use this form:",[30,100170,100172],{"className":32,"code":100171,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.difference(set2)\n",[15,100173,100174],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100175,100176,100179,100181,100183,100185,100188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100177,100178],{"class":45},"set1",[39,100180,94],{"class":53},[39,100182,2434],{"class":97},[39,100184,101],{"class":53},[39,100186,100187],{"class":97},"set2",[39,100189,80],{"class":53},[20,100191,100192],{},"You can also compare against more than one set:",[30,100194,100196],{"className":32,"code":100195,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.difference(set2, set3)\n",[15,100197,100198],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100199,100200,100202,100204,100206,100208,100210,100212,100215],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100201,100178],{"class":45},[39,100203,94],{"class":53},[39,100205,2434],{"class":97},[39,100207,101],{"class":53},[39,100209,100187],{"class":97},[39,100211,61],{"class":53},[39,100213,100214],{"class":97}," set3",[39,100216,80],{"class":53},[20,100218,100219,100220,100222],{},"In that case, Python removes any value found in ",[3367,100221,4971],{}," of the other sets.",[20,100224,515],{},[30,100226,100228],{"className":32,"code":100227,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2, 3}\nc = {5}\n\nresult = a.difference(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100229,100230,100258,100274,100286,100290,100312],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100231,100232,100234,100236,100238,100240,100242,100244,100246,100248,100250,100252,100254,100256],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100233,2176],{"class":45},[39,100235,50],{"class":49},[39,100237,10103],{"class":53},[39,100239,58],{"class":57},[39,100241,61],{"class":53},[39,100243,64],{"class":57},[39,100245,61],{"class":53},[39,100247,73],{"class":57},[39,100249,61],{"class":53},[39,100251,2080],{"class":57},[39,100253,61],{"class":53},[39,100255,4228],{"class":57},[39,100257,8921],{"class":53},[39,100259,100260,100262,100264,100266,100268,100270,100272],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,100261,2204],{"class":45},[39,100263,50],{"class":49},[39,100265,10103],{"class":53},[39,100267,104],{"class":57},[39,100269,61],{"class":53},[39,100271,73],{"class":57},[39,100273,8921],{"class":53},[39,100275,100276,100278,100280,100282,100284],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,100277,82776],{"class":45},[39,100279,50],{"class":49},[39,100281,10103],{"class":53},[39,100283,1376],{"class":57},[39,100285,8921],{"class":53},[39,100287,100288],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,100289,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,100291,100292,100294,100296,100298,100300,100302,100304,100306,100308,100310],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,100293,86],{"class":45},[39,100295,50],{"class":49},[39,100297,56489],{"class":45},[39,100299,94],{"class":53},[39,100301,2434],{"class":97},[39,100303,101],{"class":53},[39,100305,1070],{"class":97},[39,100307,61],{"class":53},[39,100309,9294],{"class":97},[39,100311,80],{"class":53},[39,100313,100314,100316,100318,100320],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,100315,113],{"class":112},[39,100317,101],{"class":53},[39,100319,118],{"class":97},[39,100321,80],{"class":53},[20,100323,458],{},[30,100325,100327],{"className":32,"code":100326,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 4}\n",[15,100328,100329],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100330,100331,100333,100335,100337,100339],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100332,8890],{"class":53},[39,100334,58],{"class":57},[39,100336,61],{"class":53},[39,100338,2080],{"class":57},[39,100340,8921],{"class":53},[20,100342,100343,100344,100346,100347,177,100349,94],{},"Here, Python starts with ",[15,100345,173],{}," and removes anything found in ",[15,100348,1070],{},[15,100350,9352],{},[44523,100352],{},[134,100354,17032],{"id":17031},[20,100356,100357,100359,100360,94],{},[15,100358,100007],{}," always returns a ",[3367,100361,100362],{},"new set",[20,100364,43258],{},[147,100366,100367,100370,100373],{},[150,100368,100369],{},"The return value is a new set",[150,100371,100372],{},"The result may be an empty set if all items are removed",[150,100374,100375],{},"The result is still a set, even if nothing remains",[20,100377,515],{},[30,100379,100381],{"className":32,"code":100380,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {1, 2, 3}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,100382,100383,100399,100419,100423,100441,100445,100455],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100384,100385,100387,100389,100391,100393,100395,100397],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100386,2176],{"class":45},[39,100388,50],{"class":49},[39,100390,10103],{"class":53},[39,100392,58],{"class":57},[39,100394,61],{"class":53},[39,100396,64],{"class":57},[39,100398,8921],{"class":53},[39,100400,100401,100403,100405,100407,100409,100411,100413,100415,100417],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,100402,2204],{"class":45},[39,100404,50],{"class":49},[39,100406,10103],{"class":53},[39,100408,58],{"class":57},[39,100410,61],{"class":53},[39,100412,64],{"class":57},[39,100414,61],{"class":53},[39,100416,73],{"class":57},[39,100418,8921],{"class":53},[39,100420,100421],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,100422,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,100424,100425,100427,100429,100431,100433,100435,100437,100439],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,100426,86],{"class":45},[39,100428,50],{"class":49},[39,100430,56489],{"class":45},[39,100432,94],{"class":53},[39,100434,2434],{"class":97},[39,100436,101],{"class":53},[39,100438,1070],{"class":97},[39,100440,80],{"class":53},[39,100442,100443],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,100444,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,100446,100447,100449,100451,100453],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,100448,113],{"class":112},[39,100450,101],{"class":53},[39,100452,118],{"class":97},[39,100454,80],{"class":53},[39,100456,100457,100459,100461,100463,100465,100467],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,100458,113],{"class":112},[39,100460,101],{"class":53},[39,100462,2845],{"class":2523},[39,100464,101],{"class":53},[39,100466,118],{"class":97},[39,100468,1026],{"class":53},[20,100470,458],{},[30,100472,100473],{"className":32,"code":98881,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,100474,100475,100481],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100476,100477,100479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100478,5902],{"class":2523},[39,100480,8257],{"class":53},[39,100482,100483,100485,100487,100489,100491,100493],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,100484,2914],{"class":49},[39,100486,2917],{"class":1689},[39,100488,2920],{"class":243},[39,100490,5902],{"class":247},[39,100492,629],{"class":243},[39,100494,2927],{"class":49},[20,100496,100497,100498,18576,100500,100502,100503,100505],{},"An empty set is shown as ",[15,100499,3422],{},[15,100501,3417],{},". In Python, ",[15,100504,3417],{}," means an empty dictionary.",[44523,100507],{},[134,100509,355],{"id":354},[20,100511,100512],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets:",[30,100514,100516],{"className":32,"code":100515,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits_a = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits_b = {\"banana\", \"orange\", \"grape\"}\n\nresult = fruits_a.difference(fruits_b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits_a)\nprint(fruits_b)\n",[15,100517,100518,100551,100584,100588,100608,100612,100622,100633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100519,100520,100523,100525,100527,100529,100531,100533,100535,100537,100539,100541,100543,100545,100547,100549],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100521,100522],{"class":45},"fruits_a ",[39,100524,50],{"class":49},[39,100526,10103],{"class":53},[39,100528,244],{"class":243},[39,100530,377],{"class":247},[39,100532,244],{"class":243},[39,100534,61],{"class":53},[39,100536,255],{"class":243},[39,100538,386],{"class":247},[39,100540,244],{"class":243},[39,100542,61],{"class":53},[39,100544,255],{"class":243},[39,100546,403],{"class":247},[39,100548,244],{"class":243},[39,100550,8921],{"class":53},[39,100552,100553,100556,100558,100560,100562,100564,100566,100568,100570,100572,100574,100576,100578,100580,100582],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,100554,100555],{"class":45},"fruits_b ",[39,100557,50],{"class":49},[39,100559,10103],{"class":53},[39,100561,244],{"class":243},[39,100563,386],{"class":247},[39,100565,244],{"class":243},[39,100567,61],{"class":53},[39,100569,255],{"class":243},[39,100571,403],{"class":247},[39,100573,244],{"class":243},[39,100575,61],{"class":53},[39,100577,255],{"class":243},[39,100579,22144],{"class":247},[39,100581,244],{"class":243},[39,100583,8921],{"class":53},[39,100585,100586],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,100587,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,100589,100590,100592,100594,100597,100599,100601,100603,100606],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,100591,86],{"class":45},[39,100593,50],{"class":49},[39,100595,100596],{"class":45}," fruits_a",[39,100598,94],{"class":53},[39,100600,2434],{"class":97},[39,100602,101],{"class":53},[39,100604,100605],{"class":97},"fruits_b",[39,100607,80],{"class":53},[39,100609,100610],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,100611,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,100613,100614,100616,100618,100620],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,100615,113],{"class":112},[39,100617,101],{"class":53},[39,100619,118],{"class":97},[39,100621,80],{"class":53},[39,100623,100624,100626,100628,100631],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,100625,113],{"class":112},[39,100627,101],{"class":53},[39,100629,100630],{"class":97},"fruits_a",[39,100632,80],{"class":53},[39,100634,100635,100637,100639,100641],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,100636,113],{"class":112},[39,100638,101],{"class":53},[39,100640,100605],{"class":97},[39,100642,80],{"class":53},[20,100644,29642],{},[30,100646,100648],{"className":32,"code":100647,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'grape'}\n",[15,100649,100650,100662,100690],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100651,100652,100654,100656,100658,100660],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100653,8890],{"class":53},[39,100655,629],{"class":243},[39,100657,377],{"class":247},[39,100659,629],{"class":243},[39,100661,8921],{"class":53},[39,100663,100664,100666,100668,100670,100672,100674,100676,100678,100680,100682,100684,100686,100688],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,100665,8890],{"class":53},[39,100667,629],{"class":243},[39,100669,386],{"class":247},[39,100671,629],{"class":243},[39,100673,61],{"class":53},[39,100675,2920],{"class":243},[39,100677,403],{"class":247},[39,100679,629],{"class":243},[39,100681,61],{"class":53},[39,100683,2920],{"class":243},[39,100685,377],{"class":247},[39,100687,629],{"class":243},[39,100689,8921],{"class":53},[39,100691,100692,100694,100696,100698,100700,100702,100704,100706,100708,100710,100712,100714,100716],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,100693,8890],{"class":53},[39,100695,629],{"class":243},[39,100697,386],{"class":247},[39,100699,629],{"class":243},[39,100701,61],{"class":53},[39,100703,2920],{"class":243},[39,100705,403],{"class":247},[39,100707,629],{"class":243},[39,100709,61],{"class":53},[39,100711,2920],{"class":243},[39,100713,22144],{"class":247},[39,100715,629],{"class":243},[39,100717,8921],{"class":53},[20,100719,11295],{},[147,100721,100722,100727,100732,100738],{},[150,100723,100724,100725],{},"Start with ",[15,100726,100630],{},[150,100728,100729,100730],{},"Remove any values also found in ",[15,100731,100605],{},[150,100733,100734,100735,100737],{},"Only ",[15,100736,472],{}," remains",[150,100739,100740],{},"The original sets stay unchanged",[20,100742,100743],{},"Notice that the printed order may look different. Sets do not keep items in a fixed order.",[44523,100745],{},[134,100747,948,100749,100751],{"id":100748},"using-difference-with-multiple-sets",[15,100750,100007],{}," with multiple sets",[20,100753,100754,100755,94],{},"You can pass two or more sets into ",[15,100756,100007],{},[20,100758,100759],{},"Python removes any value from the first set if that value appears in any of the other sets.",[30,100761,100763],{"className":32,"code":100762,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\ngroup_a = {2, 4}\ngroup_b = {5}\ngroup_c = {6, 7}\n\nresult = numbers.difference(group_a, group_b, group_c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,100764,100765,100797,100814,100827,100844,100848,100877],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100766,100767,100769,100771,100773,100775,100777,100779,100781,100783,100785,100787,100789,100791,100793,100795],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100768,46],{"class":45},[39,100770,50],{"class":49},[39,100772,10103],{"class":53},[39,100774,58],{"class":57},[39,100776,61],{"class":53},[39,100778,64],{"class":57},[39,100780,61],{"class":53},[39,100782,73],{"class":57},[39,100784,61],{"class":53},[39,100786,2080],{"class":57},[39,100788,61],{"class":53},[39,100790,4228],{"class":57},[39,100792,61],{"class":53},[39,100794,37256],{"class":57},[39,100796,8921],{"class":53},[39,100798,100799,100802,100804,100806,100808,100810,100812],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,100800,100801],{"class":45},"group_a ",[39,100803,50],{"class":49},[39,100805,10103],{"class":53},[39,100807,104],{"class":57},[39,100809,61],{"class":53},[39,100811,2080],{"class":57},[39,100813,8921],{"class":53},[39,100815,100816,100819,100821,100823,100825],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,100817,100818],{"class":45},"group_b ",[39,100820,50],{"class":49},[39,100822,10103],{"class":53},[39,100824,1376],{"class":57},[39,100826,8921],{"class":53},[39,100828,100829,100832,100834,100836,100838,100840,100842],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,100830,100831],{"class":45},"group_c ",[39,100833,50],{"class":49},[39,100835,10103],{"class":53},[39,100837,80184],{"class":57},[39,100839,61],{"class":53},[39,100841,1338],{"class":57},[39,100843,8921],{"class":53},[39,100845,100846],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,100847,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,100849,100850,100852,100854,100856,100858,100860,100862,100865,100867,100870,100872,100875],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,100851,86],{"class":45},[39,100853,50],{"class":49},[39,100855,91],{"class":45},[39,100857,94],{"class":53},[39,100859,2434],{"class":97},[39,100861,101],{"class":53},[39,100863,100864],{"class":97},"group_a",[39,100866,61],{"class":53},[39,100868,100869],{"class":97}," group_b",[39,100871,61],{"class":53},[39,100873,100874],{"class":97}," group_c",[39,100876,80],{"class":53},[39,100878,100879,100881,100883,100885],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,100880,113],{"class":112},[39,100882,101],{"class":53},[39,100884,118],{"class":97},[39,100886,80],{"class":53},[20,100888,458],{},[30,100890,100892],{"className":32,"code":100891,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 3}\n",[15,100893,100894],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100895,100896,100898,100900,100902,100904],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100897,8890],{"class":53},[39,100899,58],{"class":57},[39,100901,61],{"class":53},[39,100903,73],{"class":57},[39,100905,8921],{"class":53},[20,100907,100908],{},"This is helpful when you want to compare one main set against several groups at once.",[44523,100910],{},[134,100912,100914,10198,100916],{"id":100913},"difference-vs-difference_update",[15,100915,100007],{},[15,100917,100918],{},"difference_update()",[20,100920,100921],{},"These two methods are similar, but they work differently.",[223,100923,100924],{"id":2434},[15,100925,100007],{},[147,100927,100928,100931],{},[150,100929,100930],{},"Returns a new set",[150,100932,100933],{},"Does not change the original set",[30,100935,100937],{"className":32,"code":100936,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nresult = a.difference(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(a)\n",[15,100938,100939,100963,100979,100983,101001,101005,101015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,100940,100941,100943,100945,100947,100949,100951,100953,100955,100957,100959,100961],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,100942,2176],{"class":45},[39,100944,50],{"class":49},[39,100946,10103],{"class":53},[39,100948,58],{"class":57},[39,100950,61],{"class":53},[39,100952,64],{"class":57},[39,100954,61],{"class":53},[39,100956,73],{"class":57},[39,100958,61],{"class":53},[39,100960,2080],{"class":57},[39,100962,8921],{"class":53},[39,100964,100965,100967,100969,100971,100973,100975,100977],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,100966,2204],{"class":45},[39,100968,50],{"class":49},[39,100970,10103],{"class":53},[39,100972,479],{"class":57},[39,100974,61],{"class":53},[39,100976,2080],{"class":57},[39,100978,8921],{"class":53},[39,100980,100981],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,100982,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,100984,100985,100987,100989,100991,100993,100995,100997,100999],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,100986,86],{"class":45},[39,100988,50],{"class":49},[39,100990,56489],{"class":45},[39,100992,94],{"class":53},[39,100994,2434],{"class":97},[39,100996,101],{"class":53},[39,100998,1070],{"class":97},[39,101000,80],{"class":53},[39,101002,101003],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,101004,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101006,101007,101009,101011,101013],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,101008,113],{"class":112},[39,101010,101],{"class":53},[39,101012,118],{"class":97},[39,101014,80],{"class":53},[39,101016,101017,101019,101021,101023],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,101018,113],{"class":112},[39,101020,101],{"class":53},[39,101022,173],{"class":97},[39,101024,80],{"class":53},[20,101026,458],{},[30,101028,101030],{"className":32,"code":101029,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,101031,101032,101044],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101033,101034,101036,101038,101040,101042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101035,8890],{"class":53},[39,101037,58],{"class":57},[39,101039,61],{"class":53},[39,101041,64],{"class":57},[39,101043,8921],{"class":53},[39,101045,101046,101048,101050,101052,101054,101056,101058,101060,101062],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101047,8890],{"class":53},[39,101049,58],{"class":57},[39,101051,61],{"class":53},[39,101053,64],{"class":57},[39,101055,61],{"class":53},[39,101057,73],{"class":57},[39,101059,61],{"class":53},[39,101061,2080],{"class":57},[39,101063,8921],{"class":53},[223,101065,101067],{"id":101066},"difference_update",[15,101068,100918],{},[147,101070,101071,101074],{},[150,101072,101073],{},"Changes the original set",[150,101075,95911],{},[30,101077,101079],{"className":32,"code":101078,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\na.difference_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,101080,101081,101105,101121,101125,101139,101143],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101082,101083,101085,101087,101089,101091,101093,101095,101097,101099,101101,101103],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101084,2176],{"class":45},[39,101086,50],{"class":49},[39,101088,10103],{"class":53},[39,101090,58],{"class":57},[39,101092,61],{"class":53},[39,101094,64],{"class":57},[39,101096,61],{"class":53},[39,101098,73],{"class":57},[39,101100,61],{"class":53},[39,101102,2080],{"class":57},[39,101104,8921],{"class":53},[39,101106,101107,101109,101111,101113,101115,101117,101119],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101108,2204],{"class":45},[39,101110,50],{"class":49},[39,101112,10103],{"class":53},[39,101114,479],{"class":57},[39,101116,61],{"class":53},[39,101118,2080],{"class":57},[39,101120,8921],{"class":53},[39,101122,101123],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,101124,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101126,101127,101129,101131,101133,101135,101137],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,101128,173],{"class":45},[39,101130,94],{"class":53},[39,101132,101066],{"class":97},[39,101134,101],{"class":53},[39,101136,1070],{"class":97},[39,101138,80],{"class":53},[39,101140,101141],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,101142,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101144,101145,101147,101149,101151],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,101146,113],{"class":112},[39,101148,101],{"class":53},[39,101150,173],{"class":97},[39,101152,80],{"class":53},[20,101154,458],{},[30,101156,101157],{"className":32,"code":100100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,101158,101159],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101160,101161,101163,101165,101167,101169],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101162,8890],{"class":53},[39,101164,58],{"class":57},[39,101166,61],{"class":53},[39,101168,64],{"class":57},[39,101170,8921],{"class":53},[20,101172,128,101173,101175],{},[15,101174,100007],{}," when you want to keep the original data.",[20,101177,101178,101179,33214],{},"For more on the in-place version, see Python set ",[15,101180,100918],{},[44523,101182],{},[134,101184,101186,101188,101189,101191],{"id":101185},"difference-vs-the-operator",[15,101187,100007],{}," vs the ",[15,101190,1648],{}," operator",[20,101193,1604,101194,101196,101197,101199],{},[15,101195,1648],{}," operator does the same kind of comparison as ",[15,101198,100007],{}," for two sets.",[30,101201,101203],{"className":32,"code":101202,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(a - b)\n",[15,101204,101205,101229,101245,101249,101267],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101206,101207,101209,101211,101213,101215,101217,101219,101221,101223,101225,101227],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101208,2176],{"class":45},[39,101210,50],{"class":49},[39,101212,10103],{"class":53},[39,101214,58],{"class":57},[39,101216,61],{"class":53},[39,101218,64],{"class":57},[39,101220,61],{"class":53},[39,101222,73],{"class":57},[39,101224,61],{"class":53},[39,101226,2080],{"class":57},[39,101228,8921],{"class":53},[39,101230,101231,101233,101235,101237,101239,101241,101243],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101232,2204],{"class":45},[39,101234,50],{"class":49},[39,101236,10103],{"class":53},[39,101238,479],{"class":57},[39,101240,61],{"class":53},[39,101242,2080],{"class":57},[39,101244,8921],{"class":53},[39,101246,101247],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,101248,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101250,101251,101253,101255,101257,101259,101261,101263,101265],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,101252,113],{"class":112},[39,101254,101],{"class":53},[39,101256,173],{"class":97},[39,101258,94],{"class":53},[39,101260,2434],{"class":97},[39,101262,101],{"class":53},[39,101264,1070],{"class":97},[39,101266,1026],{"class":53},[39,101268,101269,101271,101273,101275,101277,101279],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,101270,113],{"class":112},[39,101272,101],{"class":53},[39,101274,2176],{"class":97},[39,101276,1648],{"class":49},[39,101278,2181],{"class":97},[39,101280,80],{"class":53},[20,101282,458],{},[30,101284,101286],{"className":32,"code":101285,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,101287,101288,101300],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101289,101290,101292,101294,101296,101298],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101291,8890],{"class":53},[39,101293,58],{"class":57},[39,101295,61],{"class":53},[39,101297,64],{"class":57},[39,101299,8921],{"class":53},[39,101301,101302,101304,101306,101308,101310],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101303,8890],{"class":53},[39,101305,58],{"class":57},[39,101307,61],{"class":53},[39,101309,64],{"class":57},[39,101311,8921],{"class":53},[20,101313,101314],{},"Both lines give the same result.",[20,101316,94181,101317,929],{},[15,101318,100007],{},[147,101320,101321,101324,101327],{},[150,101322,101323],{},"It is often clearer for beginners",[150,101325,101326],{},"The method name explains what the code is doing",[150,101328,101329],{},"It easily supports multiple sets",[20,101331,101332],{},"Example with multiple sets:",[30,101334,101336],{"className":32,"code":101335,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nb = {2}\nc = {4}\n\nprint(a.difference(b, c))\n",[15,101337,101338,101366,101378,101390,101394],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101339,101340,101342,101344,101346,101348,101350,101352,101354,101356,101358,101360,101362,101364],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101341,2176],{"class":45},[39,101343,50],{"class":49},[39,101345,10103],{"class":53},[39,101347,58],{"class":57},[39,101349,61],{"class":53},[39,101351,64],{"class":57},[39,101353,61],{"class":53},[39,101355,73],{"class":57},[39,101357,61],{"class":53},[39,101359,2080],{"class":57},[39,101361,61],{"class":53},[39,101363,4228],{"class":57},[39,101365,8921],{"class":53},[39,101367,101368,101370,101372,101374,101376],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101369,2204],{"class":45},[39,101371,50],{"class":49},[39,101373,10103],{"class":53},[39,101375,104],{"class":57},[39,101377,8921],{"class":53},[39,101379,101380,101382,101384,101386,101388],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,101381,82776],{"class":45},[39,101383,50],{"class":49},[39,101385,10103],{"class":53},[39,101387,1333],{"class":57},[39,101389,8921],{"class":53},[39,101391,101392],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,101393,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101395,101396,101398,101400,101402,101404,101406,101408,101410,101412,101414],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,101397,113],{"class":112},[39,101399,101],{"class":53},[39,101401,173],{"class":97},[39,101403,94],{"class":53},[39,101405,2434],{"class":97},[39,101407,101],{"class":53},[39,101409,1070],{"class":97},[39,101411,61],{"class":53},[39,101413,9294],{"class":97},[39,101415,1026],{"class":53},[20,101417,458],{},[30,101419,101421],{"className":32,"code":101420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 3, 5}\n",[15,101422,101423],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101424,101425,101427,101429,101431,101433,101435,101437],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101426,8890],{"class":53},[39,101428,58],{"class":57},[39,101430,61],{"class":53},[39,101432,73],{"class":57},[39,101434,61],{"class":53},[39,101436,4228],{"class":57},[39,101438,8921],{"class":53},[20,101440,101441,101442,101444],{},"You cannot write that in the same simple way with a single ",[15,101443,1648],{}," operator expression.",[44523,101446],{},[134,101448,4141],{"id":4140},[20,101450,20823,101451,94],{},[15,101452,100007],{},[223,101454,101456],{"id":101455},"expecting-the-original-set-to-change","Expecting the original set to change",[20,101458,4251,101459,101461,101462,145],{},[3367,101460,4254],{}," change ",[15,101463,173],{},[30,101465,101467],{"className":32,"code":101466,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101468,101469,101489,101501,101505,101519],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101470,101471,101473,101475,101477,101479,101481,101483,101485,101487],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101472,2176],{"class":45},[39,101474,50],{"class":49},[39,101476,10103],{"class":53},[39,101478,58],{"class":57},[39,101480,61],{"class":53},[39,101482,64],{"class":57},[39,101484,61],{"class":53},[39,101486,73],{"class":57},[39,101488,8921],{"class":53},[39,101490,101491,101493,101495,101497,101499],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101492,2204],{"class":45},[39,101494,50],{"class":49},[39,101496,10103],{"class":53},[39,101498,479],{"class":57},[39,101500,8921],{"class":53},[39,101502,101503],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,101504,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101506,101507,101509,101511,101513,101515,101517],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,101508,173],{"class":45},[39,101510,94],{"class":53},[39,101512,2434],{"class":97},[39,101514,101],{"class":53},[39,101516,1070],{"class":97},[39,101518,80],{"class":53},[39,101520,101521,101523,101525,101527],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,101522,113],{"class":112},[39,101524,101],{"class":53},[39,101526,173],{"class":97},[39,101528,80],{"class":53},[20,101530,458],{},[30,101532,101533],{"className":32,"code":96200,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,101534,101535],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101536,101537,101539,101541,101543,101545,101547,101549],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101538,8890],{"class":53},[39,101540,58],{"class":57},[39,101542,61],{"class":53},[39,101544,64],{"class":57},[39,101546,61],{"class":53},[39,101548,73],{"class":57},[39,101550,8921],{"class":53},[20,101552,101553],{},"If you want to keep the result, save it:",[30,101555,101557],{"className":32,"code":101556,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\na = a.difference(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,101558,101559,101579,101591,101595,101613],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101560,101561,101563,101565,101567,101569,101571,101573,101575,101577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101562,2176],{"class":45},[39,101564,50],{"class":49},[39,101566,10103],{"class":53},[39,101568,58],{"class":57},[39,101570,61],{"class":53},[39,101572,64],{"class":57},[39,101574,61],{"class":53},[39,101576,73],{"class":57},[39,101578,8921],{"class":53},[39,101580,101581,101583,101585,101587,101589],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101582,2204],{"class":45},[39,101584,50],{"class":49},[39,101586,10103],{"class":53},[39,101588,479],{"class":57},[39,101590,8921],{"class":53},[39,101592,101593],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,101594,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101596,101597,101599,101601,101603,101605,101607,101609,101611],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,101598,2176],{"class":45},[39,101600,50],{"class":49},[39,101602,56489],{"class":45},[39,101604,94],{"class":53},[39,101606,2434],{"class":97},[39,101608,101],{"class":53},[39,101610,1070],{"class":97},[39,101612,80],{"class":53},[39,101614,101615,101617,101619,101621],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,101616,113],{"class":112},[39,101618,101],{"class":53},[39,101620,173],{"class":97},[39,101622,80],{"class":53},[20,101624,458],{},[30,101626,101627],{"className":32,"code":100100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,101628,101629],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101630,101631,101633,101635,101637,101639],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101632,8890],{"class":53},[39,101634,58],{"class":57},[39,101636,61],{"class":53},[39,101638,64],{"class":57},[39,101640,8921],{"class":53},[223,101642,101644],{"id":101643},"expecting-items-from-the-second-set-instead-of-the-first-set","Expecting items from the second set instead of the first set",[20,101646,101647,101650],{},[15,101648,101649],{},"a.difference(b)"," means:",[147,101652,101653,101658],{},[150,101654,101655,101656],{},"keep items from ",[15,101657,173],{},[150,101659,101660,101661],{},"remove anything also in ",[15,101662,1070],{},[20,101664,40517,101665,101667,101668,101670],{},[3367,101666,4254],{}," mean “show me what is unique in ",[15,101669,1070],{},"”.",[20,101672,515],{},[30,101674,101676],{"className":32,"code":101675,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(b.difference(a))\n",[15,101677,101678,101698,101718,101722,101740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101679,101680,101682,101684,101686,101688,101690,101692,101694,101696],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101681,2176],{"class":45},[39,101683,50],{"class":49},[39,101685,10103],{"class":53},[39,101687,58],{"class":57},[39,101689,61],{"class":53},[39,101691,64],{"class":57},[39,101693,61],{"class":53},[39,101695,73],{"class":57},[39,101697,8921],{"class":53},[39,101699,101700,101702,101704,101706,101708,101710,101712,101714,101716],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101701,2204],{"class":45},[39,101703,50],{"class":49},[39,101705,10103],{"class":53},[39,101707,479],{"class":57},[39,101709,61],{"class":53},[39,101711,2080],{"class":57},[39,101713,61],{"class":53},[39,101715,4228],{"class":57},[39,101717,8921],{"class":53},[39,101719,101720],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,101721,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101723,101724,101726,101728,101730,101732,101734,101736,101738],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,101725,113],{"class":112},[39,101727,101],{"class":53},[39,101729,173],{"class":97},[39,101731,94],{"class":53},[39,101733,2434],{"class":97},[39,101735,101],{"class":53},[39,101737,1070],{"class":97},[39,101739,1026],{"class":53},[39,101741,101742,101744,101746,101748,101750,101752,101754,101756],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,101743,113],{"class":112},[39,101745,101],{"class":53},[39,101747,1070],{"class":97},[39,101749,94],{"class":53},[39,101751,2434],{"class":97},[39,101753,101],{"class":53},[39,101755,173],{"class":97},[39,101757,1026],{"class":53},[20,101759,458],{},[30,101761,101763],{"className":32,"code":101762,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2}\n{4, 5}\n",[15,101764,101765,101777],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101766,101767,101769,101771,101773,101775],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101768,8890],{"class":53},[39,101770,58],{"class":57},[39,101772,61],{"class":53},[39,101774,64],{"class":57},[39,101776,8921],{"class":53},[39,101778,101779,101781,101783,101785,101787],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101780,8890],{"class":53},[39,101782,1333],{"class":57},[39,101784,61],{"class":53},[39,101786,4228],{"class":57},[39,101788,8921],{"class":53},[20,101790,101791],{},"The order of the sets matters.",[223,101793,101795],{"id":101794},"comparing-lists-instead-of-sets","Comparing lists instead of sets",[20,101797,101798,101800],{},[15,101799,100007],{}," is a set method, not a list method.",[20,101802,54920],{},[30,101804,101806],{"className":32,"code":101805,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\n# a.difference(b)\n",[15,101807,101808,101828,101844,101848],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101809,101810,101812,101814,101816,101818,101820,101822,101824,101826],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101811,2176],{"class":45},[39,101813,50],{"class":49},[39,101815,3249],{"class":53},[39,101817,58],{"class":57},[39,101819,61],{"class":53},[39,101821,64],{"class":57},[39,101823,61],{"class":53},[39,101825,73],{"class":57},[39,101827,3262],{"class":53},[39,101829,101830,101832,101834,101836,101838,101840,101842],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101831,2204],{"class":45},[39,101833,50],{"class":49},[39,101835,3249],{"class":53},[39,101837,479],{"class":57},[39,101839,61],{"class":53},[39,101841,2080],{"class":57},[39,101843,3262],{"class":53},[39,101845,101846],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,101847,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101849,101850],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,101851,101852],{"class":124},"# a.difference(b)\n",[20,101854,101855],{},"Convert lists to sets first:",[30,101857,101859],{"className":32,"code":101858,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = [1, 2, 3]\nb = [3, 4]\n\nresult = set(a).difference(set(b))\nprint(result)\n",[15,101860,101861,101881,101897,101901,101927],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101862,101863,101865,101867,101869,101871,101873,101875,101877,101879],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101864,2176],{"class":45},[39,101866,50],{"class":49},[39,101868,3249],{"class":53},[39,101870,58],{"class":57},[39,101872,61],{"class":53},[39,101874,64],{"class":57},[39,101876,61],{"class":53},[39,101878,73],{"class":57},[39,101880,3262],{"class":53},[39,101882,101883,101885,101887,101889,101891,101893,101895],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,101884,2204],{"class":45},[39,101886,50],{"class":49},[39,101888,3249],{"class":53},[39,101890,479],{"class":57},[39,101892,61],{"class":53},[39,101894,2080],{"class":57},[39,101896,3262],{"class":53},[39,101898,101899],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,101900,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,101902,101903,101905,101907,101909,101911,101913,101915,101917,101919,101921,101923,101925],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,101904,86],{"class":45},[39,101906,50],{"class":49},[39,101908,15245],{"class":2523},[39,101910,101],{"class":53},[39,101912,173],{"class":97},[39,101914,8245],{"class":53},[39,101916,2434],{"class":97},[39,101918,101],{"class":53},[39,101920,5902],{"class":2523},[39,101922,101],{"class":53},[39,101924,1070],{"class":97},[39,101926,1026],{"class":53},[39,101928,101929,101931,101933,101935],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,101930,113],{"class":112},[39,101932,101],{"class":53},[39,101934,118],{"class":97},[39,101936,80],{"class":53},[20,101938,458],{},[30,101940,101941],{"className":32,"code":100100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,101942,101943],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101944,101945,101947,101949,101951,101953],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101946,8890],{"class":53},[39,101948,58],{"class":57},[39,101950,61],{"class":53},[39,101952,64],{"class":57},[39,101954,8921],{"class":53},[223,101956,101958],{"id":101957},"thinking-the-output-order-will-match-the-input-order","Thinking the output order will match the input order",[20,101960,101961],{},"Sets are unordered, so printed output may appear in a different order.",[30,101963,101965],{"className":32,"code":101964,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\"}\nb = {\"dog\"}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,101966,101967,101999,102015,102019],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,101968,101969,101971,101973,101975,101977,101979,101981,101983,101985,101987,101989,101991,101993,101995,101997],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,101970,2176],{"class":45},[39,101972,50],{"class":49},[39,101974,10103],{"class":53},[39,101976,244],{"class":243},[39,101978,839],{"class":247},[39,101980,244],{"class":243},[39,101982,61],{"class":53},[39,101984,255],{"class":243},[39,101986,57723],{"class":247},[39,101988,244],{"class":243},[39,101990,61],{"class":53},[39,101992,255],{"class":243},[39,101994,57740],{"class":247},[39,101996,244],{"class":243},[39,101998,8921],{"class":53},[39,102000,102001,102003,102005,102007,102009,102011,102013],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102002,2204],{"class":45},[39,102004,50],{"class":49},[39,102006,10103],{"class":53},[39,102008,244],{"class":243},[39,102010,57723],{"class":247},[39,102012,244],{"class":243},[39,102014,8921],{"class":53},[39,102016,102017],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,102018,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,102020,102021,102023,102025,102027,102029,102031,102033,102035],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,102022,113],{"class":112},[39,102024,101],{"class":53},[39,102026,173],{"class":97},[39,102028,94],{"class":53},[39,102030,2434],{"class":97},[39,102032,101],{"class":53},[39,102034,1070],{"class":97},[39,102036,1026],{"class":53},[20,102038,102039],{},"You should focus on which values are present, not their position.",[223,102041,102043],{"id":102042},"trying-to-use-duplicate-values-in-a-set-example","Trying to use duplicate values in a set example",[20,102045,102046],{},"Sets automatically remove duplicates.",[30,102048,102050],{"className":32,"code":102049,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 1, 2, 2, 3}\nb = {3}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(a.difference(b))\n",[15,102051,102052,102080,102092,102096,102106],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102053,102054,102056,102058,102060,102062,102064,102066,102068,102070,102072,102074,102076,102078],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102055,2176],{"class":45},[39,102057,50],{"class":49},[39,102059,10103],{"class":53},[39,102061,58],{"class":57},[39,102063,61],{"class":53},[39,102065,595],{"class":57},[39,102067,61],{"class":53},[39,102069,64],{"class":57},[39,102071,61],{"class":53},[39,102073,64],{"class":57},[39,102075,61],{"class":53},[39,102077,73],{"class":57},[39,102079,8921],{"class":53},[39,102081,102082,102084,102086,102088,102090],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102083,2204],{"class":45},[39,102085,50],{"class":49},[39,102087,10103],{"class":53},[39,102089,479],{"class":57},[39,102091,8921],{"class":53},[39,102093,102094],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,102095,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,102097,102098,102100,102102,102104],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,102099,113],{"class":112},[39,102101,101],{"class":53},[39,102103,173],{"class":97},[39,102105,80],{"class":53},[39,102107,102108,102110,102112,102114,102116,102118,102120,102122],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,102109,113],{"class":112},[39,102111,101],{"class":53},[39,102113,173],{"class":97},[39,102115,94],{"class":53},[39,102117,2434],{"class":97},[39,102119,101],{"class":53},[39,102121,1070],{"class":97},[39,102123,1026],{"class":53},[20,102125,458],{},[30,102127,102129],{"className":32,"code":102128,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{1, 2}\n",[15,102130,102131,102147],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102132,102133,102135,102137,102139,102141,102143,102145],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102134,8890],{"class":53},[39,102136,58],{"class":57},[39,102138,61],{"class":53},[39,102140,64],{"class":57},[39,102142,61],{"class":53},[39,102144,73],{"class":57},[39,102146,8921],{"class":53},[39,102148,102149,102151,102153,102155,102157],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102150,8890],{"class":53},[39,102152,58],{"class":57},[39,102154,61],{"class":53},[39,102156,64],{"class":57},[39,102158,8921],{"class":53},[20,102160,102161,102162,102164],{},"The duplicates are already gone before ",[15,102163,100007],{}," runs.",[223,102166,102168],{"id":102167},"quick-debugging-checks","Quick debugging checks",[20,102170,102171],{},"If your result is not what you expect, print the values you are working with:",[30,102173,102175],{"className":32,"code":102174,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a)\nprint(b)\nprint(a.difference(b))\nprint(type(a.difference(b)))\nprint(len(a.difference(b)))\n",[15,102176,102177,102201,102221,102225,102235,102245,102263,102285],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102178,102179,102181,102183,102185,102187,102189,102191,102193,102195,102197,102199],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102180,2176],{"class":45},[39,102182,50],{"class":49},[39,102184,10103],{"class":53},[39,102186,58],{"class":57},[39,102188,61],{"class":53},[39,102190,64],{"class":57},[39,102192,61],{"class":53},[39,102194,73],{"class":57},[39,102196,61],{"class":53},[39,102198,2080],{"class":57},[39,102200,8921],{"class":53},[39,102202,102203,102205,102207,102209,102211,102213,102215,102217,102219],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102204,2204],{"class":45},[39,102206,50],{"class":49},[39,102208,10103],{"class":53},[39,102210,479],{"class":57},[39,102212,61],{"class":53},[39,102214,2080],{"class":57},[39,102216,61],{"class":53},[39,102218,4228],{"class":57},[39,102220,8921],{"class":53},[39,102222,102223],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,102224,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,102226,102227,102229,102231,102233],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,102228,113],{"class":112},[39,102230,101],{"class":53},[39,102232,173],{"class":97},[39,102234,80],{"class":53},[39,102236,102237,102239,102241,102243],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,102238,113],{"class":112},[39,102240,101],{"class":53},[39,102242,1070],{"class":97},[39,102244,80],{"class":53},[39,102246,102247,102249,102251,102253,102255,102257,102259,102261],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,102248,113],{"class":112},[39,102250,101],{"class":53},[39,102252,173],{"class":97},[39,102254,94],{"class":53},[39,102256,2434],{"class":97},[39,102258,101],{"class":53},[39,102260,1070],{"class":97},[39,102262,1026],{"class":53},[39,102264,102265,102267,102269,102271,102273,102275,102277,102279,102281,102283],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,102266,113],{"class":112},[39,102268,101],{"class":53},[39,102270,2845],{"class":2523},[39,102272,101],{"class":53},[39,102274,173],{"class":97},[39,102276,94],{"class":53},[39,102278,2434],{"class":97},[39,102280,101],{"class":53},[39,102282,1070],{"class":97},[39,102284,2534],{"class":53},[39,102286,102287,102289,102291,102293,102295,102297,102299,102301,102303,102305],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,102288,113],{"class":112},[39,102290,101],{"class":53},[39,102292,10775],{"class":112},[39,102294,101],{"class":53},[39,102296,173],{"class":97},[39,102298,94],{"class":53},[39,102300,2434],{"class":97},[39,102302,101],{"class":53},[39,102304,1070],{"class":97},[39,102306,2534],{"class":53},[20,102308,10784],{},[147,102310,102311,102314,102317,102320],{},[150,102312,102313],{},"what is in each set",[150,102315,102316],{},"what result Python creates",[150,102318,102319],{},"that the result is a set",[150,102321,102322],{},"how many items remain",[44523,102324],{},[134,102326,1454],{"id":1453},[223,102328,1468,102330,102332],{"id":102329},"does-difference-change-the-original-set",[15,102331,100007],{}," change the original set?",[20,102334,102335],{},"No. It returns a new set and leaves the original set unchanged.",[223,102337,1497,102339,796,102341,929],{"id":102338},"what-is-the-difference-between-difference-and-difference_update",[15,102340,100007],{},[15,102342,100918],{},[20,102344,102345,102347,102348,102350],{},[15,102346,100007],{}," returns a new set. ",[15,102349,100918],{}," modifies the original set.",[223,102352,27940,102354,102356],{"id":102353},"can-i-use-difference-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,102355,100007],{}," with more than two sets?",[20,102358,102359],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets, and Python removes items found in any of them.",[223,102361,102363],{"id":102362},"why-is-my-output-in-a-different-order","Why is my output in a different order?",[20,102365,102366],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so item order is not guaranteed.",[44523,102368],{},[134,102370,1514],{"id":1513},[147,102372,102373,102377,102385],{},[150,102374,102375],{},[173,102376,95921],{"href":97092},[150,102378,102379],{},[173,102380,96407,102382,1533],{"href":102381},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method\u002F",[15,102383,102384],{},"intersection()",[150,102386,102387],{},[173,102388,96407,102390,1533],{"href":102389},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method\u002F",[15,102391,102392],{},"union()",[1550,102394,102395],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":102397},[102398,102399,102401,102402,102403,102404,102406,102411,102413,102421,102430],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":100129,"depth":83,"text":102400},"What difference() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":100748,"depth":83,"text":102405},"Using difference() with multiple sets",{"id":100913,"depth":83,"text":102407,"children":102408},"difference() vs difference_update()",[102409,102410],{"id":2434,"depth":109,"text":100007},{"id":101066,"depth":109,"text":100918},{"id":101185,"depth":83,"text":102412},"difference() vs the - operator",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":102414},[102415,102416,102417,102418,102419,102420],{"id":101455,"depth":109,"text":101456},{"id":101643,"depth":109,"text":101644},{"id":101794,"depth":109,"text":101795},{"id":101957,"depth":109,"text":101958},{"id":102042,"depth":109,"text":102043},{"id":102167,"depth":109,"text":102168},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":102422},[102423,102425,102427,102429],{"id":102329,"depth":109,"text":102424},"Does difference() change the original set?",{"id":102338,"depth":109,"text":102426},"What is the difference between difference() and difference_update()?",{"id":102353,"depth":109,"text":102428},"Can I use difference() with more than two sets?",{"id":102362,"depth":109,"text":102363},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method",{"title":99999,"description":102431},"reference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method","bZVw-xPJFGLOKBsNwpxWWnc63jZlXAESku0dp0AiTQs",{"id":102438,"title":102439,"body":102440,"description":104133,"extension":1587,"meta":104134,"navigation":420,"path":104135,"seo":104136,"stem":104137,"__hash__":104138},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method.md","Python Set discard() Method",{"type":7,"value":102441,"toc":104095},[102442,102448,102454,102467,102469,102570,102572,102617,102622,102627,102631,102645,102648,102656,102658,102677,102695,102697,102750,102752,102773,102780,102785,102812,102819,102918,102920,102957,102965,102969,102975,102978,103051,103053,103061,103066,103135,103137,103162,103164,103167,103270,103272,103333,103336,103340,103346,103419,103421,103454,103457,103460,103500,103506,103529,103534,103538,103549,103552,103554,103558,103564,103566,103623,103633,103635,103688,103695,103700,103768,103776,103782,103786,103788,103827,103832,103881,103885,103888,103890,103929,103932,103934,103939,103996,103998,104012,104014,104018,104024,104029,104034,104041,104052,104058,104063,104065,104092],[10,102443,95793,102445,18],{"id":102444},"python-set-discard-method",[15,102446,102447],{},"discard()",[20,102449,102450,102453],{},[15,102451,102452],{},"set.discard()"," removes one item from a set.",[20,102455,102456,102457,1814,102462,13664,102464,102466],{},"Use it when you want to remove a value safely, even if that value might not be in the set. Unlike ",[173,102458,102459],{"href":97802},[15,102460,102461],{},"set.remove()",[15,102463,102447],{},[3367,102465,4254],{}," raise an error for a missing item.",[134,102468,1629],{"id":1628},[30,102470,102472],{"className":32,"code":102471,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n\ncolors.discard(\"yellow\")  # no error if missing\nprint(colors)\n",[15,102473,102474,102506,102525,102535,102539,102560],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102475,102476,102478,102480,102482,102484,102486,102488,102490,102492,102494,102496,102498,102500,102502,102504],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102477,236],{"class":45},[39,102479,50],{"class":49},[39,102481,10103],{"class":53},[39,102483,244],{"class":243},[39,102485,248],{"class":247},[39,102487,244],{"class":243},[39,102489,61],{"class":53},[39,102491,255],{"class":243},[39,102493,258],{"class":247},[39,102495,244],{"class":243},[39,102497,61],{"class":53},[39,102499,255],{"class":243},[39,102501,275],{"class":247},[39,102503,244],{"class":243},[39,102505,8921],{"class":53},[39,102507,102508,102510,102512,102515,102517,102519,102521,102523],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102509,288],{"class":45},[39,102511,94],{"class":53},[39,102513,102514],{"class":97},"discard",[39,102516,101],{"class":53},[39,102518,244],{"class":243},[39,102520,258],{"class":247},[39,102522,244],{"class":243},[39,102524,80],{"class":53},[39,102526,102527,102529,102531,102533],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,102528,113],{"class":112},[39,102530,101],{"class":53},[39,102532,288],{"class":97},[39,102534,80],{"class":53},[39,102536,102537],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,102538,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,102540,102541,102543,102545,102547,102549,102551,102553,102555,102557],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,102542,288],{"class":45},[39,102544,94],{"class":53},[39,102546,102514],{"class":97},[39,102548,101],{"class":53},[39,102550,244],{"class":243},[39,102552,325],{"class":247},[39,102554,244],{"class":243},[39,102556,121],{"class":53},[39,102558,102559],{"class":124},"  # no error if missing\n",[39,102561,102562,102564,102566,102568],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,102563,113],{"class":112},[39,102565,101],{"class":53},[39,102567,288],{"class":97},[39,102569,80],{"class":53},[20,102571,29642],{},[30,102573,102575],{"className":32,"code":102574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red', 'green'}\n{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,102576,102577,102597],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102578,102579,102581,102583,102585,102587,102589,102591,102593,102595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102580,8890],{"class":53},[39,102582,629],{"class":243},[39,102584,248],{"class":247},[39,102586,629],{"class":243},[39,102588,61],{"class":53},[39,102590,2920],{"class":243},[39,102592,275],{"class":247},[39,102594,629],{"class":243},[39,102596,8921],{"class":53},[39,102598,102599,102601,102603,102605,102607,102609,102611,102613,102615],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102600,8890],{"class":53},[39,102602,629],{"class":243},[39,102604,248],{"class":247},[39,102606,629],{"class":243},[39,102608,61],{"class":53},[39,102610,2920],{"class":243},[39,102612,275],{"class":247},[39,102614,629],{"class":243},[39,102616,8921],{"class":53},[20,102618,128,102619,102621],{},[15,102620,102447],{}," when you want to remove a value from a set safely, even if that value may not exist.",[134,102623,137,102625,140],{"id":102624},"what-setdiscard-does",[15,102626,102452],{},[20,102628,102629,145],{},[15,102630,102447],{},[147,102632,102633,102636,102639,102641],{},[150,102634,102635],{},"Removes one item from a set",[150,102637,102638],{},"Does nothing if the item is not in the set",[150,102640,95908],{},[150,102642,494,102643],{},[15,102644,3403],{},[20,102646,102647],{},"This means the set itself is updated. Python does not create a new set.",[20,102649,95917,102650,177,102653,94],{},[173,102651,102652],{"href":98384},"what a set is in Python",[173,102654,102655],{"href":97476},"how to create a set",[134,102657,1781],{"id":1780},[30,102659,102661],{"className":32,"code":102660,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.discard(value)\n",[15,102662,102663],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102664,102665,102667,102669,102671,102673,102675],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102666,15278],{"class":45},[39,102668,94],{"class":53},[39,102670,102514],{"class":97},[39,102672,101],{"class":53},[39,102674,155],{"class":97},[39,102676,80],{"class":53},[147,102678,102679,102684,102689,102692],{},[150,102680,102681,102683],{},[15,102682,15278],{}," is the set you want to change",[150,102685,102686,102688],{},[15,102687,155],{}," is the item you want to remove",[150,102690,102691],{},"The set must already exist",[150,102693,102694],{},"The value must be a valid set element type",[223,102696,226],{"id":225},[30,102698,102700],{"className":32,"code":102699,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nnumbers.discard(3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,102701,102702,102726,102740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102703,102704,102706,102708,102710,102712,102714,102716,102718,102720,102722,102724],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102705,46],{"class":45},[39,102707,50],{"class":49},[39,102709,10103],{"class":53},[39,102711,58],{"class":57},[39,102713,61],{"class":53},[39,102715,64],{"class":57},[39,102717,61],{"class":53},[39,102719,73],{"class":57},[39,102721,61],{"class":53},[39,102723,2080],{"class":57},[39,102725,8921],{"class":53},[39,102727,102728,102730,102732,102734,102736,102738],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102729,992],{"class":45},[39,102731,94],{"class":53},[39,102733,102514],{"class":97},[39,102735,101],{"class":53},[39,102737,479],{"class":57},[39,102739,80],{"class":53},[39,102741,102742,102744,102746,102748],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,102743,113],{"class":112},[39,102745,101],{"class":53},[39,102747,992],{"class":97},[39,102749,80],{"class":53},[20,102751,458],{},[30,102753,102755],{"className":32,"code":102754,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 4}\n",[15,102756,102757],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102758,102759,102761,102763,102765,102767,102769,102771],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102760,8890],{"class":53},[39,102762,58],{"class":57},[39,102764,61],{"class":53},[39,102766,64],{"class":57},[39,102768,61],{"class":53},[39,102770,2080],{"class":57},[39,102772,8921],{"class":53},[134,102774,102776,102777,102779],{"id":102775},"what-makes-discard-different","What makes ",[15,102778,102447],{}," different",[20,102781,102782,102784],{},[15,102783,102447],{}," is similar to other set methods, but it behaves differently in an important way.",[147,102786,102787,102800,102809],{},[150,102788,102789,102790,1814,102794,102796,102797,102799],{},"Unlike ",[173,102791,102792],{"href":97802},[15,102793,55130],{},[15,102795,102447],{}," does not raise ",[15,102798,19300],{}," when the item is missing",[150,102801,102789,102802,1814,102806,102808],{},[173,102803,102804],{"href":97807},[15,102805,12374],{},[15,102807,102447],{}," removes a specific item",[150,102810,102811],{},"It is useful when you are not sure whether the item exists",[223,102813,102815,10198,102817],{"id":102814},"discard-vs-remove",[15,102816,102447],{},[15,102818,55130],{},[30,102820,102822],{"className":32,"code":102821,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\"}\n\nitems.discard(\"orange\")   # no error\nprint(items)\n\nitems.remove(\"banana\")    # removes existing item\nprint(items)\n",[15,102823,102824,102848,102852,102873,102883,102887,102908],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102825,102826,102828,102830,102832,102834,102836,102838,102840,102842,102844,102846],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102827,7397],{"class":45},[39,102829,50],{"class":49},[39,102831,10103],{"class":53},[39,102833,244],{"class":243},[39,102835,377],{"class":247},[39,102837,244],{"class":243},[39,102839,61],{"class":53},[39,102841,255],{"class":243},[39,102843,386],{"class":247},[39,102845,244],{"class":243},[39,102847,8921],{"class":53},[39,102849,102850],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102851,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,102853,102854,102856,102858,102860,102862,102864,102866,102868,102870],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,102855,7426],{"class":45},[39,102857,94],{"class":53},[39,102859,102514],{"class":97},[39,102861,101],{"class":53},[39,102863,244],{"class":243},[39,102865,403],{"class":247},[39,102867,244],{"class":243},[39,102869,121],{"class":53},[39,102871,102872],{"class":124},"   # no error\n",[39,102874,102875,102877,102879,102881],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,102876,113],{"class":112},[39,102878,101],{"class":53},[39,102880,7426],{"class":97},[39,102882,80],{"class":53},[39,102884,102885],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,102886,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,102888,102889,102891,102893,102895,102897,102899,102901,102903,102905],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,102890,7426],{"class":45},[39,102892,94],{"class":53},[39,102894,34409],{"class":97},[39,102896,101],{"class":53},[39,102898,244],{"class":243},[39,102900,386],{"class":247},[39,102902,244],{"class":243},[39,102904,121],{"class":53},[39,102906,102907],{"class":124},"    # removes existing item\n",[39,102909,102910,102912,102914,102916],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,102911,113],{"class":112},[39,102913,101],{"class":53},[39,102915,7426],{"class":97},[39,102917,80],{"class":53},[20,102919,458],{},[30,102921,102923],{"className":32,"code":102922,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'apple', 'banana'}\n{'apple'}\n",[15,102924,102925,102945],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102926,102927,102929,102931,102933,102935,102937,102939,102941,102943],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102928,8890],{"class":53},[39,102930,629],{"class":243},[39,102932,377],{"class":247},[39,102934,629],{"class":243},[39,102936,61],{"class":53},[39,102938,2920],{"class":243},[39,102940,386],{"class":247},[39,102942,629],{"class":243},[39,102944,8921],{"class":53},[39,102946,102947,102949,102951,102953,102955],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,102948,8890],{"class":53},[39,102950,629],{"class":243},[39,102952,377],{"class":247},[39,102954,629],{"class":243},[39,102956,8921],{"class":53},[20,102958,39954,102959,102961,102962,102964],{},[15,102960,55130],{}," with a missing value, Python raises an error. See ",[173,102963,10688],{"href":10687}," for more help with that case.",[134,102966,102968],{"id":102967},"what-the-method-returns","What the method returns",[20,102970,102971,476,102973,94],{},[15,102972,102447],{},[15,102974,3403],{},[20,102976,102977],{},"That means you should not write code like this:",[30,102979,102981],{"className":32,"code":102980,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nresult = colors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,102982,102983,103015,103037,103041],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,102984,102985,102987,102989,102991,102993,102995,102997,102999,103001,103003,103005,103007,103009,103011,103013],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,102986,236],{"class":45},[39,102988,50],{"class":49},[39,102990,10103],{"class":53},[39,102992,244],{"class":243},[39,102994,248],{"class":247},[39,102996,244],{"class":243},[39,102998,61],{"class":53},[39,103000,255],{"class":243},[39,103002,258],{"class":247},[39,103004,244],{"class":243},[39,103006,61],{"class":53},[39,103008,255],{"class":243},[39,103010,275],{"class":247},[39,103012,244],{"class":243},[39,103014,8921],{"class":53},[39,103016,103017,103019,103021,103023,103025,103027,103029,103031,103033,103035],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103018,86],{"class":45},[39,103020,50],{"class":49},[39,103022,12733],{"class":45},[39,103024,94],{"class":53},[39,103026,102514],{"class":97},[39,103028,101],{"class":53},[39,103030,244],{"class":243},[39,103032,258],{"class":247},[39,103034,244],{"class":243},[39,103036,80],{"class":53},[39,103038,103039],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103040,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103042,103043,103045,103047,103049],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,103044,113],{"class":112},[39,103046,101],{"class":53},[39,103048,118],{"class":97},[39,103050,80],{"class":53},[20,103052,458],{},[30,103054,103055],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,103056,103057],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103058,103059],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103060,11420],{"class":3477},[20,103062,103063,103064,145],{},"The changed set is still stored in ",[15,103065,288],{},[30,103067,103069],{"className":32,"code":103068,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.discard(\"blue\")\n\nprint(colors)\n",[15,103070,103071,103103,103121,103125],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103072,103073,103075,103077,103079,103081,103083,103085,103087,103089,103091,103093,103095,103097,103099,103101],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103074,236],{"class":45},[39,103076,50],{"class":49},[39,103078,10103],{"class":53},[39,103080,244],{"class":243},[39,103082,248],{"class":247},[39,103084,244],{"class":243},[39,103086,61],{"class":53},[39,103088,255],{"class":243},[39,103090,258],{"class":247},[39,103092,244],{"class":243},[39,103094,61],{"class":53},[39,103096,255],{"class":243},[39,103098,275],{"class":247},[39,103100,244],{"class":243},[39,103102,8921],{"class":53},[39,103104,103105,103107,103109,103111,103113,103115,103117,103119],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103106,288],{"class":45},[39,103108,94],{"class":53},[39,103110,102514],{"class":97},[39,103112,101],{"class":53},[39,103114,244],{"class":243},[39,103116,258],{"class":247},[39,103118,244],{"class":243},[39,103120,80],{"class":53},[39,103122,103123],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103124,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103126,103127,103129,103131,103133],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,103128,113],{"class":112},[39,103130,101],{"class":53},[39,103132,288],{"class":97},[39,103134,80],{"class":53},[20,103136,458],{},[30,103138,103140],{"className":32,"code":103139,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red', 'green'}\n",[15,103141,103142],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103143,103144,103146,103148,103150,103152,103154,103156,103158,103160],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103145,8890],{"class":53},[39,103147,629],{"class":243},[39,103149,248],{"class":247},[39,103151,629],{"class":243},[39,103153,61],{"class":53},[39,103155,2920],{"class":243},[39,103157,275],{"class":247},[39,103159,629],{"class":243},[39,103161,8921],{"class":53},[134,103163,355],{"id":354},[20,103165,103166],{},"Here is a basic example that removes an existing item.",[30,103168,103170],{"className":32,"code":103169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nprint(\"Before:\", fruits)\n\nfruits.discard(\"banana\")\n\nprint(\"After:\", fruits)\n",[15,103171,103172,103204,103208,103226,103230,103248,103252],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103173,103174,103176,103178,103180,103182,103184,103186,103188,103190,103192,103194,103196,103198,103200,103202],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103175,368],{"class":45},[39,103177,50],{"class":49},[39,103179,10103],{"class":53},[39,103181,244],{"class":243},[39,103183,377],{"class":247},[39,103185,244],{"class":243},[39,103187,61],{"class":53},[39,103189,255],{"class":243},[39,103191,386],{"class":247},[39,103193,244],{"class":243},[39,103195,61],{"class":53},[39,103197,255],{"class":243},[39,103199,403],{"class":247},[39,103201,244],{"class":243},[39,103203,8921],{"class":53},[39,103205,103206],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103207,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103209,103210,103212,103214,103216,103218,103220,103222,103224],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103211,113],{"class":112},[39,103213,101],{"class":53},[39,103215,244],{"class":243},[39,103217,11175],{"class":247},[39,103219,244],{"class":243},[39,103221,61],{"class":53},[39,103223,430],{"class":97},[39,103225,80],{"class":53},[39,103227,103228],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,103229,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103231,103232,103234,103236,103238,103240,103242,103244,103246],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,103233,35904],{"class":45},[39,103235,94],{"class":53},[39,103237,102514],{"class":97},[39,103239,101],{"class":53},[39,103241,244],{"class":243},[39,103243,386],{"class":247},[39,103245,244],{"class":243},[39,103247,80],{"class":53},[39,103249,103250],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,103251,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103253,103254,103256,103258,103260,103262,103264,103266,103268],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,103255,113],{"class":112},[39,103257,101],{"class":53},[39,103259,244],{"class":243},[39,103261,11215],{"class":247},[39,103263,244],{"class":243},[39,103265,61],{"class":53},[39,103267,430],{"class":97},[39,103269,80],{"class":53},[20,103271,458],{},[30,103273,103275],{"className":32,"code":103274,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Before: {'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\nAfter: {'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103276,103277,103309],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103278,103279,103281,103283,103285,103287,103289,103291,103293,103295,103297,103299,103301,103303,103305,103307],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103280,11235],{"class":45},[39,103282,145],{"class":53},[39,103284,10103],{"class":53},[39,103286,629],{"class":243},[39,103288,386],{"class":247},[39,103290,629],{"class":243},[39,103292,61],{"class":53},[39,103294,2920],{"class":243},[39,103296,377],{"class":247},[39,103298,629],{"class":243},[39,103300,61],{"class":53},[39,103302,2920],{"class":243},[39,103304,403],{"class":247},[39,103306,629],{"class":243},[39,103308,8921],{"class":53},[39,103310,103311,103313,103315,103317,103319,103321,103323,103325,103327,103329,103331],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103312,11288],{"class":45},[39,103314,145],{"class":53},[39,103316,10103],{"class":53},[39,103318,629],{"class":243},[39,103320,377],{"class":247},[39,103322,629],{"class":243},[39,103324,61],{"class":53},[39,103326,2920],{"class":243},[39,103328,403],{"class":247},[39,103330,629],{"class":243},[39,103332,8921],{"class":53},[20,103334,103335],{},"The order of items in a set may look different on your computer because sets are unordered.",[134,103337,103339],{"id":103338},"example-with-a-missing-item","Example with a missing item",[20,103341,103342,103343,103345],{},"One of the most useful features of ",[15,103344,102447],{}," is that it does not fail if the item is missing.",[30,103347,103349],{"className":32,"code":103348,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.discard(\"grape\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,103350,103351,103383,103387,103405,103409],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103352,103353,103355,103357,103359,103361,103363,103365,103367,103369,103371,103373,103375,103377,103379,103381],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103354,368],{"class":45},[39,103356,50],{"class":49},[39,103358,10103],{"class":53},[39,103360,244],{"class":243},[39,103362,377],{"class":247},[39,103364,244],{"class":243},[39,103366,61],{"class":53},[39,103368,255],{"class":243},[39,103370,386],{"class":247},[39,103372,244],{"class":243},[39,103374,61],{"class":53},[39,103376,255],{"class":243},[39,103378,403],{"class":247},[39,103380,244],{"class":243},[39,103382,8921],{"class":53},[39,103384,103385],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103386,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103388,103389,103391,103393,103395,103397,103399,103401,103403],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103390,35904],{"class":45},[39,103392,94],{"class":53},[39,103394,102514],{"class":97},[39,103396,101],{"class":53},[39,103398,244],{"class":243},[39,103400,22144],{"class":247},[39,103402,244],{"class":243},[39,103404,80],{"class":53},[39,103406,103407],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,103408,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103410,103411,103413,103415,103417],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,103412,113],{"class":112},[39,103414,101],{"class":53},[39,103416,35904],{"class":97},[39,103418,80],{"class":53},[20,103420,458],{},[30,103422,103424],{"className":32,"code":103423,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'banana', 'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,103425,103426],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103427,103428,103430,103432,103434,103436,103438,103440,103442,103444,103446,103448,103450,103452],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103429,8890],{"class":53},[39,103431,629],{"class":243},[39,103433,386],{"class":247},[39,103435,629],{"class":243},[39,103437,61],{"class":53},[39,103439,2920],{"class":243},[39,103441,377],{"class":247},[39,103443,629],{"class":243},[39,103445,61],{"class":53},[39,103447,2920],{"class":243},[39,103449,403],{"class":247},[39,103451,629],{"class":243},[39,103453,8921],{"class":53},[20,103455,103456],{},"No error happens here.",[20,103458,103459],{},"This is helpful in beginner code because you do not need to check first:",[30,103461,103463],{"className":32,"code":103462,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"if \"grape\" in fruits:\n    fruits.remove(\"grape\")\n",[15,103464,103465,103481],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103466,103467,103469,103471,103473,103475,103477,103479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103468,511],{"class":572},[39,103470,255],{"class":243},[39,103472,22144],{"class":247},[39,103474,244],{"class":243},[39,103476,1149],{"class":49},[39,103478,430],{"class":45},[39,103480,598],{"class":53},[39,103482,103483,103486,103488,103490,103492,103494,103496,103498],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103484,103485],{"class":45},"    fruits",[39,103487,94],{"class":53},[39,103489,34409],{"class":97},[39,103491,101],{"class":53},[39,103493,244],{"class":243},[39,103495,22144],{"class":247},[39,103497,244],{"class":243},[39,103499,80],{"class":53},[20,103501,103502,103503,103505],{},"With ",[15,103504,102447],{},", you can simply write:",[30,103507,103509],{"className":32,"code":103508,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits.discard(\"grape\")\n",[15,103510,103511],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103512,103513,103515,103517,103519,103521,103523,103525,103527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103514,35904],{"class":45},[39,103516,94],{"class":53},[39,103518,102514],{"class":97},[39,103520,101],{"class":53},[39,103522,244],{"class":243},[39,103524,22144],{"class":247},[39,103526,244],{"class":243},[39,103528,80],{"class":53},[134,103530,4584,103532],{"id":103531},"when-to-use-discard",[15,103533,102447],{},[20,103535,128,103536,10214],{},[15,103537,102447],{},[147,103539,103540,103543,103546],{},[150,103541,103542],{},"Missing values are normal",[150,103544,103545],{},"You want simple, safe removal",[150,103547,103548],{},"You do not want to write an existence check first",[20,103550,103551],{},"It is a good choice when your program does not care whether the value was already missing.",[134,103553,944],{"id":943},[20,103555,8063,103556,94],{},[15,103557,102447],{},[223,103559,1030,103561,103563],{"id":103560},"expecting-discard-to-return-the-changed-set",[15,103562,102447],{}," to return the changed set",[20,103565,4148],{},[30,103567,103569],{"className":32,"code":103568,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers = numbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103570,103571,103591,103609,103613],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103572,103573,103575,103577,103579,103581,103583,103585,103587,103589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103574,46],{"class":45},[39,103576,50],{"class":49},[39,103578,10103],{"class":53},[39,103580,58],{"class":57},[39,103582,61],{"class":53},[39,103584,64],{"class":57},[39,103586,61],{"class":53},[39,103588,73],{"class":57},[39,103590,8921],{"class":53},[39,103592,103593,103595,103597,103599,103601,103603,103605,103607],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103594,46],{"class":45},[39,103596,50],{"class":49},[39,103598,91],{"class":45},[39,103600,94],{"class":53},[39,103602,102514],{"class":97},[39,103604,101],{"class":53},[39,103606,104],{"class":57},[39,103608,80],{"class":53},[39,103610,103611],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103612,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103614,103615,103617,103619,103621],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,103616,113],{"class":112},[39,103618,101],{"class":53},[39,103620,992],{"class":97},[39,103622,80],{"class":53},[20,103624,103625,41764,103627,8215,103629,476,103631,94],{},[15,103626,992],{},[15,103628,3403],{},[15,103630,102447],{},[15,103632,3403],{},[20,103634,18453],{},[30,103636,103638],{"className":32,"code":103637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(2)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,103639,103640,103660,103674,103678],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103641,103642,103644,103646,103648,103650,103652,103654,103656,103658],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103643,46],{"class":45},[39,103645,50],{"class":49},[39,103647,10103],{"class":53},[39,103649,58],{"class":57},[39,103651,61],{"class":53},[39,103653,64],{"class":57},[39,103655,61],{"class":53},[39,103657,73],{"class":57},[39,103659,8921],{"class":53},[39,103661,103662,103664,103666,103668,103670,103672],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103663,992],{"class":45},[39,103665,94],{"class":53},[39,103667,102514],{"class":97},[39,103669,101],{"class":53},[39,103671,104],{"class":57},[39,103673,80],{"class":53},[39,103675,103676],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103677,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,103679,103680,103682,103684,103686],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,103681,113],{"class":112},[39,103683,101],{"class":53},[39,103685,992],{"class":97},[39,103687,80],{"class":53},[223,103689,1160,103691,1163,103693],{"id":103690},"confusing-discard-with-remove",[15,103692,102447],{},[15,103694,55130],{},[20,103696,103697,103698,94],{},"If you want to avoid errors for missing values, use ",[15,103699,102447],{},[30,103701,103703],{"className":32,"code":103702,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"z\")   # safe\nprint(letters)\n",[15,103704,103705,103737,103758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103706,103707,103709,103711,103713,103715,103717,103719,103721,103723,103725,103727,103729,103731,103733,103735],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103708,1053],{"class":45},[39,103710,50],{"class":49},[39,103712,10103],{"class":53},[39,103714,244],{"class":243},[39,103716,173],{"class":247},[39,103718,244],{"class":243},[39,103720,61],{"class":53},[39,103722,255],{"class":243},[39,103724,1070],{"class":247},[39,103726,244],{"class":243},[39,103728,61],{"class":53},[39,103730,255],{"class":243},[39,103732,9352],{"class":247},[39,103734,244],{"class":243},[39,103736,8921],{"class":53},[39,103738,103739,103741,103743,103745,103747,103749,103751,103753,103755],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103740,35757],{"class":45},[39,103742,94],{"class":53},[39,103744,102514],{"class":97},[39,103746,101],{"class":53},[39,103748,244],{"class":243},[39,103750,21689],{"class":247},[39,103752,244],{"class":243},[39,103754,121],{"class":53},[39,103756,103757],{"class":124},"   # safe\n",[39,103759,103760,103762,103764,103766],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103761,113],{"class":112},[39,103763,101],{"class":53},[39,103765,35757],{"class":97},[39,103767,80],{"class":53},[20,103769,103770,103771,45515,103774,94],{},"If you use ",[15,103772,103773],{},"remove(\"z\")",[15,103775,19300],{},[223,103777,25228,103779,103781],{"id":103778},"trying-to-use-discard-on-a-list-instead-of-a-set",[15,103780,102447],{}," on a list instead of a set",[20,103783,103784,101800],{},[15,103785,102447],{},[20,103787,16256],{},[30,103789,103791],{"className":32,"code":103790,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\nitems.discard(2)\n",[15,103792,103793,103813],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103794,103795,103797,103799,103801,103803,103805,103807,103809,103811],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103796,7397],{"class":45},[39,103798,50],{"class":49},[39,103800,3249],{"class":53},[39,103802,58],{"class":57},[39,103804,61],{"class":53},[39,103806,64],{"class":57},[39,103808,61],{"class":53},[39,103810,73],{"class":57},[39,103812,3262],{"class":53},[39,103814,103815,103817,103819,103821,103823,103825],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103816,7426],{"class":45},[39,103818,94],{"class":53},[39,103820,102514],{"class":97},[39,103822,101],{"class":53},[39,103824,104],{"class":57},[39,103826,80],{"class":53},[20,103828,103829,103830,145],{},"Use a set if you need ",[15,103831,102447],{},[30,103833,103835],{"className":32,"code":103834,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, 2, 3}\nitems.discard(2)\nprint(items)\n",[15,103836,103837,103857,103871],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103838,103839,103841,103843,103845,103847,103849,103851,103853,103855],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103840,7397],{"class":45},[39,103842,50],{"class":49},[39,103844,10103],{"class":53},[39,103846,58],{"class":57},[39,103848,61],{"class":53},[39,103850,64],{"class":57},[39,103852,61],{"class":53},[39,103854,73],{"class":57},[39,103856,8921],{"class":53},[39,103858,103859,103861,103863,103865,103867,103869],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103860,7426],{"class":45},[39,103862,94],{"class":53},[39,103864,102514],{"class":97},[39,103866,101],{"class":53},[39,103868,104],{"class":57},[39,103870,80],{"class":53},[39,103872,103873,103875,103877,103879],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103874,113],{"class":112},[39,103876,101],{"class":53},[39,103878,7426],{"class":97},[39,103880,80],{"class":53},[223,103882,103884],{"id":103883},"passing-an-unhashable-value-such-as-a-list","Passing an unhashable value such as a list",[20,103886,103887],{},"Set items must be hashable. A list is not hashable.",[20,103889,2458],{},[30,103891,103893],{"className":32,"code":103892,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {1, 2, 3}\ndata.discard([2])\n",[15,103894,103895,103915],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103896,103897,103899,103901,103903,103905,103907,103909,103911,103913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103898,8778],{"class":45},[39,103900,50],{"class":49},[39,103902,10103],{"class":53},[39,103904,58],{"class":57},[39,103906,61],{"class":53},[39,103908,64],{"class":57},[39,103910,61],{"class":53},[39,103912,73],{"class":57},[39,103914,8921],{"class":53},[39,103916,103917,103919,103921,103923,103925,103927],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103918,8817],{"class":45},[39,103920,94],{"class":53},[39,103922,102514],{"class":97},[39,103924,2608],{"class":53},[39,103926,104],{"class":57},[39,103928,3513],{"class":53},[20,103930,103931],{},"Use a valid set element type instead, such as a number, string, or tuple.",[134,103933,8484],{"id":8483},[20,103935,8487,103936,103938],{},[15,103937,102447],{}," is not working as expected, these quick checks can help:",[30,103940,103942],{"className":32,"code":103941,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(value in my_set)\nhelp(set.discard)\n",[15,103943,103944,103954,103968,103982],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,103945,103946,103948,103950,103952],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,103947,113],{"class":112},[39,103949,101],{"class":53},[39,103951,15278],{"class":97},[39,103953,80],{"class":53},[39,103955,103956,103958,103960,103962,103964,103966],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,103957,113],{"class":112},[39,103959,101],{"class":53},[39,103961,2845],{"class":2523},[39,103963,101],{"class":53},[39,103965,15278],{"class":97},[39,103967,1026],{"class":53},[39,103969,103970,103972,103974,103976,103978,103980],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,103971,113],{"class":112},[39,103973,101],{"class":53},[39,103975,2070],{"class":97},[39,103977,1128],{"class":572},[39,103979,96517],{"class":97},[39,103981,80],{"class":53},[39,103983,103984,103986,103988,103990,103992,103994],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,103985,31766],{"class":112},[39,103987,101],{"class":53},[39,103989,5902],{"class":2523},[39,103991,94],{"class":53},[39,103993,102514],{"class":997},[39,103995,80],{"class":53},[20,103997,10784],{},[147,103999,104000,104003,104006,104009],{},[150,104001,104002],{},"What is currently in the set",[150,104004,104005],{},"Whether the variable is really a set",[150,104007,104008],{},"Whether the value exists before removal",[150,104010,104011],{},"How Python documents the method",[134,104013,1454],{"id":1453},[223,104015,104017],{"id":104016},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-in-the-set","What happens if the item is not in the set?",[20,104019,104020,104021,104023],{},"Nothing happens. ",[15,104022,102447],{}," does not raise an error when the item is missing.",[223,104025,1458,104027,12327],{"id":104026},"what-does-setdiscard-return",[15,104028,102452],{},[20,104030,4768,104031,104033],{},[15,104032,3403],{},". It changes the original set instead of creating a new one.",[223,104035,1497,104037,796,104039,929],{"id":104036},"what-is-the-difference-between-discard-and-remove",[15,104038,102447],{},[15,104040,55130],{},[20,104042,104043,104044,26150,104046,104048,104049,104051],{},"Both remove items from a set. ",[15,104045,55130],{},[15,104047,19300],{}," if the item is missing, but ",[15,104050,102447],{}," does not.",[223,104053,27940,104055,104057],{"id":104054},"can-i-use-discard-with-lists-or-dictionaries",[15,104056,102447],{}," with lists or dictionaries?",[20,104059,45971,104060,104062],{},[15,104061,102447],{}," is a set method, so it works on set objects.",[134,104064,1514],{"id":1513},[147,104066,104067,104073,104079,104084,104088],{},[150,104068,104069],{},[173,104070,96407,104071,1533],{"href":97802},[15,104072,55130],{},[150,104074,104075],{},[173,104076,96407,104077,1533],{"href":97807},[15,104078,12374],{},[150,104080,104081],{},[173,104082,104083],{"href":97476},"Python set: creating a set",[150,104085,104086],{},[173,104087,99942],{"href":98384},[150,104089,104090],{},[173,104091,10876],{"href":10687},[1550,104093,104094],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":104096},[104097,104098,104100,104103,104108,104109,104110,104111,104113,104122,104123,104132],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":102624,"depth":83,"text":104099},"What set.discard() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":104101},[104102],{"id":225,"depth":109,"text":226},{"id":102775,"depth":83,"text":104104,"children":104105},"What makes discard() different",[104106],{"id":102814,"depth":109,"text":104107},"discard() vs remove()",{"id":102967,"depth":83,"text":102968},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":103338,"depth":83,"text":103339},{"id":103531,"depth":83,"text":104112},"When to use discard()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":104114},[104115,104117,104119,104121],{"id":103560,"depth":109,"text":104116},"Expecting discard() to return the changed set",{"id":103690,"depth":109,"text":104118},"Confusing discard() with remove()",{"id":103778,"depth":109,"text":104120},"Trying to use discard() on a list instead of a set",{"id":103883,"depth":109,"text":103884},{"id":8483,"depth":83,"text":8484},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":104124},[104125,104126,104128,104130],{"id":104016,"depth":109,"text":104017},{"id":104026,"depth":109,"text":104127},"What does set.discard() return?",{"id":104036,"depth":109,"text":104129},"What is the difference between discard() and remove()?",{"id":104054,"depth":109,"text":104131},"Can I use discard() with lists or dictionaries?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set discard method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method",{"title":102439,"description":104133},"reference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method","-9zfcGzLEa24aaupYhVun2XniU742IAOkMaj9_B4X44",{"id":104140,"title":104141,"body":104142,"description":106147,"extension":1587,"meta":106148,"navigation":420,"path":106149,"seo":106150,"stem":106151,"__hash__":106152},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained.md","Python set() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":104143,"toc":106105},[104144,104147,104155,104159,104170,104172,104227,104231,104251,104256,104260,104265,104267,104281,104283,104358,104360,104393,104398,104403,104405,104407,104422,104425,104433,104438,104453,104455,104544,104546,104635,104641,104645,104647,104685,104687,104711,104714,104729,104731,104786,104788,104821,104823,104828,104832,104836,104841,104906,104908,104928,104934,104938,104995,104997,105018,105022,105027,105072,105074,105107,105110,105114,105147,105149,105178,105182,105186,105189,105191,105210,105212,105258,105263,105277,105279,105310,105315,105318,105362,105364,105392,105396,105400,105416,105419,105484,105486,105498,105501,105505,105508,105513,105541,105543,105561,105567,105606,105608,105626,105632,105661,105663,105681,105684,105701,105703,105708,105712,105715,105741,105748,105753,105768,105777,105781,105784,105815,105821,105824,105833,105836,105838,105840,105898,105901,105926,105928,105932,105935,105939,105947,105951,105954,105958,105961,105963,105986,105988,106029,106036,106044,106047,106078,106080,106102],[10,104145,104141],{"id":104146},"python-set-function-explained",[20,104148,8735,104149,104151,104152,94],{},[15,104150,3422],{}," function creates a set in Python. A set is a collection that stores ",[3367,104153,104154],{},"unique values only",[20,104156,646,104157,649],{},[15,104158,3422],{},[147,104160,104161,104164,104167],{},[150,104162,104163],{},"remove duplicates from a list",[150,104165,104166],{},"check whether a value exists",[150,104168,104169],{},"work with set operations like union and intersection",[134,104171,1629],{"id":1628},[30,104173,104175],{"className":32,"code":104174,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3]\nunique_numbers = set(numbers)\nprint(unique_numbers)\n",[15,104176,104177,104201,104216],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104178,104179,104181,104183,104185,104187,104189,104191,104193,104195,104197,104199],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104180,46],{"class":45},[39,104182,50],{"class":49},[39,104184,3249],{"class":53},[39,104186,58],{"class":57},[39,104188,61],{"class":53},[39,104190,64],{"class":57},[39,104192,61],{"class":53},[39,104194,64],{"class":57},[39,104196,61],{"class":53},[39,104198,73],{"class":57},[39,104200,3262],{"class":53},[39,104202,104203,104206,104208,104210,104212,104214],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104204,104205],{"class":45},"unique_numbers ",[39,104207,50],{"class":49},[39,104209,15245],{"class":2523},[39,104211,101],{"class":53},[39,104213,992],{"class":97},[39,104215,80],{"class":53},[39,104217,104218,104220,104222,104225],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,104219,113],{"class":112},[39,104221,101],{"class":53},[39,104223,104224],{"class":97},"unique_numbers",[39,104226,80],{"class":53},[20,104228,104229],{},[3367,104230,458],{},[30,104232,104233],{"className":32,"code":96200,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,104234,104235],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104236,104237,104239,104241,104243,104245,104247,104249],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104238,8890],{"class":53},[39,104240,58],{"class":57},[39,104242,61],{"class":53},[39,104244,64],{"class":57},[39,104246,61],{"class":53},[39,104248,73],{"class":57},[39,104250,8921],{"class":53},[20,104252,128,104253,104255],{},[15,104254,3422],{}," to create a set from an iterable. A set keeps only unique values.",[134,104257,104259],{"id":104258},"what-set-does","What set() does",[20,104261,104262,104264],{},[15,104263,3422],{}," creates a new set object.",[20,104266,30153],{},[147,104268,104269,104272,104275,104278],{},[150,104270,104271],{},"A set stores unique items only",[150,104273,104274],{},"Duplicate values are removed automatically",[150,104276,104277],{},"Sets are unordered, so item order is not guaranteed",[150,104279,104280],{},"A very common use is removing duplicates from a list or another iterable",[20,104282,515],{},[30,104284,104286],{"className":32,"code":104285,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"red\", \"green\"]\nunique_colors = set(colors)\n\nprint(unique_colors)\n",[15,104287,104288,104328,104343,104347],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104289,104290,104292,104294,104296,104298,104300,104302,104304,104306,104308,104310,104312,104314,104316,104318,104320,104322,104324,104326],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104291,236],{"class":45},[39,104293,50],{"class":49},[39,104295,3249],{"class":53},[39,104297,244],{"class":243},[39,104299,248],{"class":247},[39,104301,244],{"class":243},[39,104303,61],{"class":53},[39,104305,255],{"class":243},[39,104307,258],{"class":247},[39,104309,244],{"class":243},[39,104311,61],{"class":53},[39,104313,255],{"class":243},[39,104315,248],{"class":247},[39,104317,244],{"class":243},[39,104319,61],{"class":53},[39,104321,255],{"class":243},[39,104323,275],{"class":247},[39,104325,244],{"class":243},[39,104327,3262],{"class":53},[39,104329,104330,104333,104335,104337,104339,104341],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104331,104332],{"class":45},"unique_colors ",[39,104334,50],{"class":49},[39,104336,15245],{"class":2523},[39,104338,101],{"class":53},[39,104340,288],{"class":97},[39,104342,80],{"class":53},[39,104344,104345],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,104346,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,104348,104349,104351,104353,104356],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,104350,113],{"class":112},[39,104352,101],{"class":53},[39,104354,104355],{"class":97},"unique_colors",[39,104357,80],{"class":53},[20,104359,29642],{},[30,104361,104363],{"className":32,"code":104362,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'blue', 'green', 'red'}\n",[15,104364,104365],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104366,104367,104369,104371,104373,104375,104377,104379,104381,104383,104385,104387,104389,104391],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104368,8890],{"class":53},[39,104370,629],{"class":243},[39,104372,258],{"class":247},[39,104374,629],{"class":243},[39,104376,61],{"class":53},[39,104378,2920],{"class":243},[39,104380,275],{"class":247},[39,104382,629],{"class":243},[39,104384,61],{"class":53},[39,104386,2920],{"class":243},[39,104388,248],{"class":247},[39,104390,629],{"class":243},[39,104392,8921],{"class":53},[20,104394,1910,104395,104397],{},[15,104396,342],{}," appears only once.",[20,104399,104400,104401,94],{},"If you want a broader beginner introduction to sets, see ",[173,104402,95921],{"href":95920},[134,104404,1781],{"id":1780},[20,104406,1784],{},[30,104408,104410],{"className":32,"code":104409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set(iterable)\n",[15,104411,104412],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104413,104414,104416,104418,104420],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104415,5902],{"class":2523},[39,104417,101],{"class":53},[39,104419,3344],{"class":97},[39,104421,80],{"class":53},[20,104423,104424],{},"The argument is optional.",[147,104426,104427,104430],{},[150,104428,104429],{},"If you pass an iterable, Python creates a set from its items",[150,104431,104432],{},"If you pass nothing, Python creates an empty set",[20,104434,104435,104436,145],{},"Common iterables you can use with ",[15,104437,3422],{},[147,104439,104440,104442,104444,104446,104450],{},[150,104441,7710],{},[150,104443,48559],{},[150,104445,60765],{},[150,104447,104448],{},[15,104449,35812],{},[150,104451,104452],{},"another set",[20,104454,1749],{},[30,104456,104458],{"className":32,"code":104457,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(set([1, 2, 2, 3]))\nprint(set((10, 20, 10)))\nprint(set(\"hello\"))\nprint(set(range(4)))\n",[15,104459,104460,104486,104508,104526],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104461,104462,104464,104466,104468,104470,104472,104474,104476,104478,104480,104482,104484],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104463,113],{"class":112},[39,104465,101],{"class":53},[39,104467,5902],{"class":2523},[39,104469,2608],{"class":53},[39,104471,58],{"class":57},[39,104473,61],{"class":53},[39,104475,64],{"class":57},[39,104477,61],{"class":53},[39,104479,64],{"class":57},[39,104481,61],{"class":53},[39,104483,73],{"class":57},[39,104485,2621],{"class":53},[39,104487,104488,104490,104492,104494,104496,104498,104500,104502,104504,104506],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104489,113],{"class":112},[39,104491,101],{"class":53},[39,104493,5902],{"class":2523},[39,104495,5126],{"class":53},[39,104497,682],{"class":57},[39,104499,61],{"class":53},[39,104501,687],{"class":57},[39,104503,61],{"class":53},[39,104505,692],{"class":57},[39,104507,2534],{"class":53},[39,104509,104510,104512,104514,104516,104518,104520,104522,104524],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,104511,113],{"class":112},[39,104513,101],{"class":53},[39,104515,5902],{"class":2523},[39,104517,101],{"class":53},[39,104519,244],{"class":243},[39,104521,3470],{"class":247},[39,104523,244],{"class":243},[39,104525,1026],{"class":53},[39,104527,104528,104530,104532,104534,104536,104538,104540,104542],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,104529,113],{"class":112},[39,104531,101],{"class":53},[39,104533,5902],{"class":2523},[39,104535,101],{"class":53},[39,104537,59589],{"class":112},[39,104539,101],{"class":53},[39,104541,1333],{"class":57},[39,104543,2534],{"class":53},[20,104545,29642],{},[30,104547,104549],{"className":32,"code":104548,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{10, 20}\n{'h', 'e', 'l', 'o'}\n{0, 1, 2, 3}\n",[15,104550,104551,104567,104579,104615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104552,104553,104555,104557,104559,104561,104563,104565],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104554,8890],{"class":53},[39,104556,58],{"class":57},[39,104558,61],{"class":53},[39,104560,64],{"class":57},[39,104562,61],{"class":53},[39,104564,73],{"class":57},[39,104566,8921],{"class":53},[39,104568,104569,104571,104573,104575,104577],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104570,8890],{"class":53},[39,104572,682],{"class":57},[39,104574,61],{"class":53},[39,104576,687],{"class":57},[39,104578,8921],{"class":53},[39,104580,104581,104583,104585,104587,104589,104591,104593,104595,104597,104599,104601,104603,104605,104607,104609,104611,104613],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,104582,8890],{"class":53},[39,104584,629],{"class":243},[39,104586,60029],{"class":247},[39,104588,629],{"class":243},[39,104590,61],{"class":53},[39,104592,2920],{"class":243},[39,104594,60038],{"class":247},[39,104596,629],{"class":243},[39,104598,61],{"class":53},[39,104600,2920],{"class":243},[39,104602,60047],{"class":247},[39,104604,629],{"class":243},[39,104606,61],{"class":53},[39,104608,2920],{"class":243},[39,104610,60064],{"class":247},[39,104612,629],{"class":243},[39,104614,8921],{"class":53},[39,104616,104617,104619,104621,104623,104625,104627,104629,104631,104633],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,104618,8890],{"class":53},[39,104620,221],{"class":57},[39,104622,61],{"class":53},[39,104624,595],{"class":57},[39,104626,61],{"class":53},[39,104628,64],{"class":57},[39,104630,61],{"class":53},[39,104632,73],{"class":57},[39,104634,8921],{"class":53},[20,104636,104637,104638,94],{},"If you are comparing built-in constructors, you may also want to read ",[173,104639,104640],{"href":64439},"Python list() function explained",[134,104642,104644],{"id":104643},"creating-an-empty-set-correctly","Creating an empty set correctly",[20,104646,97873],{},[30,104648,104649],{"className":32,"code":98838,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,104650,104651,104661,104671],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104652,104653,104655,104657,104659],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104654,97883],{"class":45},[39,104656,50],{"class":49},[39,104658,15245],{"class":2523},[39,104660,8257],{"class":53},[39,104662,104663,104665,104667,104669],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104664,113],{"class":112},[39,104666,101],{"class":53},[39,104668,97902],{"class":97},[39,104670,80],{"class":53},[39,104672,104673,104675,104677,104679,104681,104683],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,104674,113],{"class":112},[39,104676,101],{"class":53},[39,104678,2845],{"class":2523},[39,104680,101],{"class":53},[39,104682,97902],{"class":97},[39,104684,1026],{"class":53},[20,104686,458],{},[30,104688,104689],{"className":32,"code":98881,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,104690,104691,104697],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104692,104693,104695],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104694,5902],{"class":2523},[39,104696,8257],{"class":53},[39,104698,104699,104701,104703,104705,104707,104709],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104700,2914],{"class":49},[39,104702,2917],{"class":1689},[39,104704,2920],{"class":243},[39,104706,5902],{"class":247},[39,104708,629],{"class":243},[39,104710,2927],{"class":49},[20,104712,104713],{},"This is important because:",[147,104715,104716,104721],{},[150,104717,104718,104720],{},[15,104719,3422],{}," creates an empty set",[150,104722,104723,104725,104726,104728],{},[15,104724,3417],{}," creates an empty dictionary, ",[3367,104727,4254],{}," a set",[20,104730,515],{},[30,104732,104734],{"className":32,"code":104733,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = set()\nb = {}\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\n",[15,104735,104736,104746,104754,104758,104772],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104737,104738,104740,104742,104744],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104739,2176],{"class":45},[39,104741,50],{"class":49},[39,104743,15245],{"class":2523},[39,104745,8257],{"class":53},[39,104747,104748,104750,104752],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104749,2204],{"class":45},[39,104751,50],{"class":49},[39,104753,9451],{"class":53},[39,104755,104756],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,104757,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,104759,104760,104762,104764,104766,104768,104770],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,104761,113],{"class":112},[39,104763,101],{"class":53},[39,104765,2845],{"class":2523},[39,104767,101],{"class":53},[39,104769,173],{"class":97},[39,104771,1026],{"class":53},[39,104773,104774,104776,104778,104780,104782,104784],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,104775,113],{"class":112},[39,104777,101],{"class":53},[39,104779,2845],{"class":2523},[39,104781,101],{"class":53},[39,104783,1070],{"class":97},[39,104785,1026],{"class":53},[20,104787,458],{},[30,104789,104791],{"className":32,"code":104790,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'set'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n",[15,104792,104793,104807],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104794,104795,104797,104799,104801,104803,104805],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104796,2914],{"class":49},[39,104798,2917],{"class":1689},[39,104800,2920],{"class":243},[39,104802,5902],{"class":247},[39,104804,629],{"class":243},[39,104806,2927],{"class":49},[39,104808,104809,104811,104813,104815,104817,104819],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104810,2914],{"class":49},[39,104812,2917],{"class":1689},[39,104814,2920],{"class":243},[39,104816,8433],{"class":247},[39,104818,629],{"class":243},[39,104820,2927],{"class":49},[20,104822,13659],{},[20,104824,104825,104826,94],{},"For more on creating sets, see ",[173,104827,104083],{"href":95924},[134,104829,104831],{"id":104830},"using-set-with-common-iterables","Using set() with common iterables",[223,104833,104835],{"id":104834},"from-a-list","From a list",[20,104837,104838,104839,94],{},"This is one of the most common uses of ",[15,104840,3422],{},[30,104842,104844],{"className":32,"code":104843,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3]\nresult = set(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104845,104846,104878,104892,104896],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104847,104848,104850,104852,104854,104856,104858,104860,104862,104864,104866,104868,104870,104872,104874,104876],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104849,46],{"class":45},[39,104851,50],{"class":49},[39,104853,3249],{"class":53},[39,104855,58],{"class":57},[39,104857,61],{"class":53},[39,104859,64],{"class":57},[39,104861,61],{"class":53},[39,104863,64],{"class":57},[39,104865,61],{"class":53},[39,104867,73],{"class":57},[39,104869,61],{"class":53},[39,104871,73],{"class":57},[39,104873,61],{"class":53},[39,104875,73],{"class":57},[39,104877,3262],{"class":53},[39,104879,104880,104882,104884,104886,104888,104890],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104881,86],{"class":45},[39,104883,50],{"class":49},[39,104885,15245],{"class":2523},[39,104887,101],{"class":53},[39,104889,992],{"class":97},[39,104891,80],{"class":53},[39,104893,104894],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,104895,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,104897,104898,104900,104902,104904],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,104899,113],{"class":112},[39,104901,101],{"class":53},[39,104903,118],{"class":97},[39,104905,80],{"class":53},[20,104907,458],{},[30,104909,104910],{"className":32,"code":96200,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,104911,104912],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104913,104914,104916,104918,104920,104922,104924,104926],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104915,8890],{"class":53},[39,104917,58],{"class":57},[39,104919,61],{"class":53},[39,104921,64],{"class":57},[39,104923,61],{"class":53},[39,104925,73],{"class":57},[39,104927,8921],{"class":53},[20,104929,104930,104931,94],{},"This is useful when you need unique values. For a task-focused example, see ",[173,104932,98671],{"href":104933},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-duplicates-from-a-list-in-python",[223,104935,104937],{"id":104936},"from-a-tuple","From a tuple",[30,104939,104941],{"className":32,"code":104940,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (5, 5, 10, 15)\nresult = set(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,104942,104943,104967,104981,104985],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,104944,104945,104947,104949,104951,104953,104955,104957,104959,104961,104963,104965],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,104946,812],{"class":45},[39,104948,50],{"class":49},[39,104950,54],{"class":53},[39,104952,1376],{"class":57},[39,104954,61],{"class":53},[39,104956,4228],{"class":57},[39,104958,61],{"class":53},[39,104960,692],{"class":57},[39,104962,61],{"class":53},[39,104964,37549],{"class":57},[39,104966,80],{"class":53},[39,104968,104969,104971,104973,104975,104977,104979],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,104970,86],{"class":45},[39,104972,50],{"class":49},[39,104974,15245],{"class":2523},[39,104976,101],{"class":53},[39,104978,856],{"class":97},[39,104980,80],{"class":53},[39,104982,104983],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,104984,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,104986,104987,104989,104991,104993],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,104988,113],{"class":112},[39,104990,101],{"class":53},[39,104992,118],{"class":97},[39,104994,80],{"class":53},[20,104996,458],{},[30,104998,105000],{"className":32,"code":104999,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{5, 10, 15}\n",[15,105001,105002],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105003,105004,105006,105008,105010,105012,105014,105016],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105005,8890],{"class":53},[39,105007,1376],{"class":57},[39,105009,61],{"class":53},[39,105011,692],{"class":57},[39,105013,61],{"class":53},[39,105015,37549],{"class":57},[39,105017,8921],{"class":53},[223,105019,105021],{"id":105020},"from-a-string","From a string",[20,105023,50732,105024,105026],{},[15,105025,3422],{}," on a string, Python treats the string as an iterable of characters.",[30,105028,105030],{"className":32,"code":105029,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = set(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,105031,105032,105044,105058,105062],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105033,105034,105036,105038,105040,105042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105035,34302],{"class":45},[39,105037,50],{"class":49},[39,105039,255],{"class":243},[39,105041,386],{"class":247},[39,105043,2983],{"class":243},[39,105045,105046,105048,105050,105052,105054,105056],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105047,86],{"class":45},[39,105049,50],{"class":49},[39,105051,15245],{"class":2523},[39,105053,101],{"class":53},[39,105055,34323],{"class":97},[39,105057,80],{"class":53},[39,105059,105060],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,105061,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,105063,105064,105066,105068,105070],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,105065,113],{"class":112},[39,105067,101],{"class":53},[39,105069,118],{"class":97},[39,105071,80],{"class":53},[20,105073,29642],{},[30,105075,105077],{"className":32,"code":105076,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'b', 'a', 'n'}\n",[15,105078,105079],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105080,105081,105083,105085,105087,105089,105091,105093,105095,105097,105099,105101,105103,105105],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105082,8890],{"class":53},[39,105084,629],{"class":243},[39,105086,1070],{"class":247},[39,105088,629],{"class":243},[39,105090,61],{"class":53},[39,105092,2920],{"class":243},[39,105094,173],{"class":247},[39,105096,629],{"class":243},[39,105098,61],{"class":53},[39,105100,2920],{"class":243},[39,105102,75620],{"class":247},[39,105104,629],{"class":243},[39,105106,8921],{"class":53},[20,105108,105109],{},"The result contains unique characters only.",[223,105111,105113],{"id":105112},"from-range","From range()",[30,105115,105117],{"className":32,"code":105116,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = set(range(5))\nprint(result)\n",[15,105118,105119,105137],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105120,105121,105123,105125,105127,105129,105131,105133,105135],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105122,86],{"class":45},[39,105124,50],{"class":49},[39,105126,15245],{"class":2523},[39,105128,101],{"class":53},[39,105130,59589],{"class":112},[39,105132,101],{"class":53},[39,105134,1376],{"class":57},[39,105136,1026],{"class":53},[39,105138,105139,105141,105143,105145],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105140,113],{"class":112},[39,105142,101],{"class":53},[39,105144,118],{"class":97},[39,105146,80],{"class":53},[20,105148,458],{},[30,105150,105152],{"className":32,"code":105151,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,105153,105154],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105155,105156,105158,105160,105162,105164,105166,105168,105170,105172,105174,105176],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105157,8890],{"class":53},[39,105159,221],{"class":57},[39,105161,61],{"class":53},[39,105163,595],{"class":57},[39,105165,61],{"class":53},[39,105167,64],{"class":57},[39,105169,61],{"class":53},[39,105171,73],{"class":57},[39,105173,61],{"class":53},[39,105175,2080],{"class":57},[39,105177,8921],{"class":53},[134,105179,105181],{"id":105180},"what-kinds-of-values-a-set-can-contain","What kinds of values a set can contain",[20,105183,99118,105184,94],{},[3367,105185,95964],{},[20,105187,105188],{},"In simple terms, this means the value must be a type Python can safely use inside a set.",[20,105190,99124],{},[147,105192,105193,105197,105201,105205],{},[150,105194,105195],{},[15,105196,1813],{},[150,105198,105199],{},[15,105200,3069],{},[150,105202,105203],{},[15,105204,1817],{},[150,105206,105207,105209],{},[15,105208,48559],{}," (if its contents are also hashable)",[20,105211,515],{},[30,105213,105215],{"className":32,"code":105214,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {1, \"hello\", (10, 20)}\nprint(items)\n",[15,105216,105217,105248],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105218,105219,105221,105223,105225,105227,105229,105231,105233,105235,105237,105239,105241,105243,105245],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105220,7397],{"class":45},[39,105222,50],{"class":49},[39,105224,10103],{"class":53},[39,105226,58],{"class":57},[39,105228,61],{"class":53},[39,105230,255],{"class":243},[39,105232,3470],{"class":247},[39,105234,244],{"class":243},[39,105236,61],{"class":53},[39,105238,54],{"class":53},[39,105240,682],{"class":57},[39,105242,61],{"class":53},[39,105244,687],{"class":57},[39,105246,105247],{"class":53},")}\n",[39,105249,105250,105252,105254,105256],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105251,113],{"class":112},[39,105253,101],{"class":53},[39,105255,7426],{"class":97},[39,105257,80],{"class":53},[20,105259,99186,105260,105262],{},[3367,105261,4254],{}," work inside a set:",[147,105264,105265,105269,105273],{},[150,105266,105267],{},[15,105268,7710],{},[150,105270,105271],{},[15,105272,8433],{},[150,105274,105275],{},[15,105276,5902],{},[20,105278,96689],{},[30,105280,105282],{"className":32,"code":105281,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bad_set = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105283,105284],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105285,105286,105288,105290,105292,105294,105296,105298,105300,105302,105304,105306,105308],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105287,99205],{"class":45},[39,105289,50],{"class":49},[39,105291,99210],{"class":53},[39,105293,58],{"class":57},[39,105295,61],{"class":53},[39,105297,64],{"class":57},[39,105299,17674],{"class":53},[39,105301,3249],{"class":53},[39,105303,479],{"class":57},[39,105305,61],{"class":53},[39,105307,2080],{"class":57},[39,105309,13316],{"class":53},[20,105311,76448,105312,105314],{},[15,105313,2627],{}," because lists are mutable and cannot be added to a set.",[20,105316,105317],{},"A safer example:",[30,105319,105321],{"className":32,"code":105320,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"good_set = {(1, 2), (3, 4)}\nprint(good_set)\n",[15,105322,105323,105351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105324,105325,105328,105330,105333,105335,105337,105339,105341,105343,105345,105347,105349],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105326,105327],{"class":45},"good_set ",[39,105329,50],{"class":49},[39,105331,105332],{"class":53}," {(",[39,105334,58],{"class":57},[39,105336,61],{"class":53},[39,105338,64],{"class":57},[39,105340,8846],{"class":53},[39,105342,54],{"class":53},[39,105344,479],{"class":57},[39,105346,61],{"class":53},[39,105348,2080],{"class":57},[39,105350,105247],{"class":53},[39,105352,105353,105355,105357,105360],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105354,113],{"class":112},[39,105356,101],{"class":53},[39,105358,105359],{"class":97},"good_set",[39,105361,80],{"class":53},[20,105363,458],{},[30,105365,105367],{"className":32,"code":105366,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{(1, 2), (3, 4)}\n",[15,105368,105369],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105370,105371,105374,105376,105378,105380,105382,105384,105386,105388,105390],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105372,105373],{"class":53},"{(",[39,105375,58],{"class":57},[39,105377,61],{"class":53},[39,105379,64],{"class":57},[39,105381,8846],{"class":53},[39,105383,54],{"class":53},[39,105385,479],{"class":57},[39,105387,61],{"class":53},[39,105389,2080],{"class":57},[39,105391,105247],{"class":53},[134,105393,105395],{"id":105394},"when-to-use-set","When to use set()",[20,105397,128,105398,10214],{},[15,105399,3422],{},[147,105401,105402,105405,105410,105413],{},[150,105403,105404],{},"you need unique values only",[150,105406,105407,105408],{},"you want fast membership checks with ",[15,105409,1128],{},[150,105411,105412],{},"order does not matter",[150,105414,105415],{},"you need set operations like union or intersection",[20,105417,105418],{},"Example of membership checking:",[30,105420,105422],{"className":32,"code":105421,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"allowed_ids = set([101, 102, 103])\n\nprint(102 in allowed_ids)\nprint(999 in allowed_ids)\n",[15,105423,105424,105449,105453,105469],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105425,105426,105429,105431,105433,105435,105437,105439,105442,105444,105447],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105427,105428],{"class":45},"allowed_ids ",[39,105430,50],{"class":49},[39,105432,15245],{"class":2523},[39,105434,2608],{"class":53},[39,105436,46198],{"class":57},[39,105438,61],{"class":53},[39,105440,105441],{"class":57}," 102",[39,105443,61],{"class":53},[39,105445,105446],{"class":57}," 103",[39,105448,3513],{"class":53},[39,105450,105451],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105452,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,105454,105455,105457,105459,105462,105464,105467],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,105456,113],{"class":112},[39,105458,101],{"class":53},[39,105460,105461],{"class":57},"102",[39,105463,1149],{"class":572},[39,105465,105466],{"class":97}," allowed_ids",[39,105468,80],{"class":53},[39,105470,105471,105473,105475,105478,105480,105482],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,105472,113],{"class":112},[39,105474,101],{"class":53},[39,105476,105477],{"class":57},"999",[39,105479,1149],{"class":572},[39,105481,105466],{"class":97},[39,105483,80],{"class":53},[20,105485,458],{},[30,105487,105488],{"className":32,"code":43780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105489,105490,105494],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105491,105492],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105493,3605],{"class":3477},[39,105495,105496],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105497,3666],{"class":3477},[20,105499,105500],{},"This is a common real-world use of sets.",[134,105502,105504],{"id":105503},"set-vs","set() vs {}",[20,105506,105507],{},"These forms are similar, but they do not mean the same thing.",[223,105509,128,105511,97815],{"id":105510},"use-set-for-an-empty-set",[15,105512,3422],{},[30,105514,105515],{"className":32,"code":97876,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105516,105517,105527],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105518,105519,105521,105523,105525],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105520,97883],{"class":45},[39,105522,50],{"class":49},[39,105524,15245],{"class":2523},[39,105526,8257],{"class":53},[39,105528,105529,105531,105533,105535,105537,105539],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105530,113],{"class":112},[39,105532,101],{"class":53},[39,105534,2845],{"class":2523},[39,105536,101],{"class":53},[39,105538,97902],{"class":97},[39,105540,1026],{"class":53},[20,105542,458],{},[30,105544,105545],{"className":32,"code":8464,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105546,105547],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105548,105549,105551,105553,105555,105557,105559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105550,2914],{"class":49},[39,105552,2917],{"class":1689},[39,105554,2920],{"class":243},[39,105556,5902],{"class":247},[39,105558,629],{"class":243},[39,105560,2927],{"class":49},[223,105562,128,105564,105566],{"id":105563},"use-1-2-3-for-a-non-empty-set-literal",[15,105565,99875],{}," for a non-empty set literal",[30,105568,105570],{"className":32,"code":105569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nprint(type(numbers))\n",[15,105571,105572,105592],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105573,105574,105576,105578,105580,105582,105584,105586,105588,105590],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105575,46],{"class":45},[39,105577,50],{"class":49},[39,105579,10103],{"class":53},[39,105581,58],{"class":57},[39,105583,61],{"class":53},[39,105585,64],{"class":57},[39,105587,61],{"class":53},[39,105589,73],{"class":57},[39,105591,8921],{"class":53},[39,105593,105594,105596,105598,105600,105602,105604],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105595,113],{"class":112},[39,105597,101],{"class":53},[39,105599,2845],{"class":2523},[39,105601,101],{"class":53},[39,105603,992],{"class":97},[39,105605,1026],{"class":53},[20,105607,458],{},[30,105609,105610],{"className":32,"code":8464,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105611,105612],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105613,105614,105616,105618,105620,105622,105624],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105615,2914],{"class":49},[39,105617,2917],{"class":1689},[39,105619,2920],{"class":243},[39,105621,5902],{"class":247},[39,105623,629],{"class":243},[39,105625,2927],{"class":49},[223,105627,128,105629,105631],{"id":105628},"use-for-an-empty-dictionary",[15,105630,3417],{}," for an empty dictionary",[30,105633,105635],{"className":32,"code":105634,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_dict = {}\nprint(type(empty_dict))\n",[15,105636,105637,105646],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105638,105639,105642,105644],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105640,105641],{"class":45},"empty_dict ",[39,105643,50],{"class":49},[39,105645,9451],{"class":53},[39,105647,105648,105650,105652,105654,105656,105659],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105649,113],{"class":112},[39,105651,101],{"class":53},[39,105653,2845],{"class":2523},[39,105655,101],{"class":53},[39,105657,105658],{"class":97},"empty_dict",[39,105660,1026],{"class":53},[20,105662,458],{},[30,105664,105665],{"className":32,"code":8420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105666,105667],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105668,105669,105671,105673,105675,105677,105679],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105670,2914],{"class":49},[39,105672,2917],{"class":1689},[39,105674,2920],{"class":243},[39,105676,8433],{"class":247},[39,105678,629],{"class":243},[39,105680,2927],{"class":49},[20,105682,105683],{},"So the rule is simple:",[147,105685,105686,105691,105696],{},[150,105687,105688,105690],{},[15,105689,3422],{}," → empty set",[150,105692,105693,105695],{},[15,105694,99875],{}," → non-empty set",[150,105697,105698,105700],{},[15,105699,3417],{}," → empty dictionary",[134,105702,944],{"id":943},[20,105704,105705,105706,94],{},"These are common problems beginners run into with ",[15,105707,3422],{},[223,105709,948,105710,99473],{"id":99470},[15,105711,3417],{},[20,105713,105714],{},"This creates a dictionary, not a set:",[30,105716,105717],{"className":32,"code":99479,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,105718,105719,105727],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105720,105721,105723,105725],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105722,2070],{"class":45},[39,105724,50],{"class":49},[39,105726,9451],{"class":53},[39,105728,105729,105731,105733,105735,105737,105739],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105730,113],{"class":112},[39,105732,101],{"class":53},[39,105734,2845],{"class":2523},[39,105736,101],{"class":53},[39,105738,155],{"class":97},[39,105740,1026],{"class":53},[223,105742,105744,105745],{"id":105743},"passing-a-non-iterable-value-like-set5","Passing a non-iterable value like ",[15,105746,105747],{},"set(5)",[20,105749,105750,105752],{},[15,105751,3422],{}," expects one iterable argument. An integer is not iterable.",[30,105754,105756],{"className":32,"code":105755,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set(5)\n",[15,105757,105758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105759,105760,105762,105764,105766],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105761,5902],{"class":2523},[39,105763,101],{"class":53},[39,105765,1376],{"class":57},[39,105767,80],{"class":53},[20,105769,2624,105770,105772,105773,94],{},[15,105771,2627],{},". If you are seeing a related message, see ",[173,105774,105776],{"href":105775},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-int-object-is-not-iterable-fix","TypeError: int object is not iterable fix",[223,105778,105780],{"id":105779},"trying-to-put-lists-or-dictionaries-inside-a-set","Trying to put lists or dictionaries inside a set",[20,105782,105783],{},"This does not work because lists and dictionaries are unhashable.",[30,105785,105787],{"className":32,"code":105786,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = {[1, 2], [3, 4]}\n",[15,105788,105789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105790,105791,105793,105795,105797,105799,105801,105803,105805,105807,105809,105811,105813],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105792,2070],{"class":45},[39,105794,50],{"class":49},[39,105796,99210],{"class":53},[39,105798,58],{"class":57},[39,105800,61],{"class":53},[39,105802,64],{"class":57},[39,105804,17674],{"class":53},[39,105806,3249],{"class":53},[39,105808,479],{"class":57},[39,105810,61],{"class":53},[39,105812,2080],{"class":57},[39,105814,13316],{"class":53},[223,105816,1030,105818,105820],{"id":105817},"expecting-set-to-keep-the-original-order",[15,105819,3422],{}," to keep the original order",[20,105822,105823],{},"Sets are unordered. If you print a set, the items may not appear in the same order as the original iterable.",[223,105825,1160,105827,1163,105829,177,105831],{"id":105826},"confusing-set-with-list-or-dict",[15,105828,3422],{},[15,105830,24392],{},[15,105832,8732],{},[20,105834,105835],{},"These built-in functions create different types of objects. Choose the one that matches your goal.",[134,105837,60301],{"id":60300},[20,105839,10726],{},[30,105841,105843],{"className":32,"code":105842,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(my_value))\nprint(my_value)\nprint(list(my_set))\nprint(len(my_set))\n",[15,105844,105845,105860,105870,105884],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105846,105847,105849,105851,105853,105855,105858],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105848,113],{"class":112},[39,105850,101],{"class":53},[39,105852,2845],{"class":2523},[39,105854,101],{"class":53},[39,105856,105857],{"class":97},"my_value",[39,105859,1026],{"class":53},[39,105861,105862,105864,105866,105868],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,105863,113],{"class":112},[39,105865,101],{"class":53},[39,105867,105857],{"class":97},[39,105869,80],{"class":53},[39,105871,105872,105874,105876,105878,105880,105882],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,105873,113],{"class":112},[39,105875,101],{"class":53},[39,105877,7710],{"class":2523},[39,105879,101],{"class":53},[39,105881,15278],{"class":97},[39,105883,1026],{"class":53},[39,105885,105886,105888,105890,105892,105894,105896],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,105887,113],{"class":112},[39,105889,101],{"class":53},[39,105891,10775],{"class":112},[39,105893,101],{"class":53},[39,105895,15278],{"class":97},[39,105897,1026],{"class":53},[20,105899,105900],{},"What they help you see:",[147,105902,105903,105909,105914,105920],{},[150,105904,105905,105908],{},[15,105906,105907],{},"print(type(my_value))"," checks the actual type",[150,105910,105911,90139],{},[15,105912,105913],{},"print(my_value)",[150,105915,105916,105919],{},[15,105917,105918],{},"print(list(my_set))"," converts the set to a list so it is easier to inspect",[150,105921,105922,105925],{},[15,105923,105924],{},"print(len(my_set))"," shows how many unique items are in the set",[134,105927,1454],{"id":1453},[223,105929,105931],{"id":105930},"does-set-remove-duplicates","Does set() remove duplicates?",[20,105933,105934],{},"Yes. Duplicate values are automatically removed when the set is created.",[223,105936,105938],{"id":105937},"how-do-i-make-an-empty-set-in-python","How do I make an empty set in Python?",[20,105940,128,105941,105943,105944,105946],{},[15,105942,3422],{},". Do not use ",[15,105945,3417],{},", because that creates an empty dictionary.",[223,105948,105950],{"id":105949},"does-set-keep-the-original-order","Does set() keep the original order?",[20,105952,105953],{},"No. A set is unordered, so you should not rely on item order.",[223,105955,105957],{"id":105956},"can-i-use-set-on-a-string","Can I use set() on a string?",[20,105959,105960],{},"Yes. It creates a set of unique characters from the string.",[20,105962,515],{},[30,105964,105966],{"className":32,"code":105965,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(set(\"apple\"))\n",[15,105967,105968],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105969,105970,105972,105974,105976,105978,105980,105982,105984],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105971,113],{"class":112},[39,105973,101],{"class":53},[39,105975,5902],{"class":2523},[39,105977,101],{"class":53},[39,105979,244],{"class":243},[39,105981,377],{"class":247},[39,105983,244],{"class":243},[39,105985,1026],{"class":53},[20,105987,29642],{},[30,105989,105991],{"className":32,"code":105990,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a', 'p', 'l', 'e'}\n",[15,105992,105993],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,105994,105995,105997,105999,106001,106003,106005,106007,106009,106011,106013,106015,106017,106019,106021,106023,106025,106027],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,105996,8890],{"class":53},[39,105998,629],{"class":243},[39,106000,173],{"class":247},[39,106002,629],{"class":243},[39,106004,61],{"class":53},[39,106006,2920],{"class":243},[39,106008,20],{"class":247},[39,106010,629],{"class":243},[39,106012,61],{"class":53},[39,106014,2920],{"class":243},[39,106016,60047],{"class":247},[39,106018,629],{"class":243},[39,106020,61],{"class":53},[39,106022,2920],{"class":243},[39,106024,60038],{"class":247},[39,106026,629],{"class":243},[39,106028,8921],{"class":53},[223,106030,922,106032,106035],{"id":106031},"why-does-set1-2-3-4-not-work",[15,106033,106034],{},"set([1, 2], [3, 4])"," not work?",[20,106037,106038,28297,106040,106043],{},[15,106039,3422],{},[3367,106041,106042],{},"one optional iterable argument",", not multiple positional values.",[20,106045,106046],{},"If you want all those values in one set, combine them into a single iterable first:",[30,106048,106050],{"className":32,"code":106049,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(set([1, 2, 3, 4]))\n",[15,106051,106052],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106053,106054,106056,106058,106060,106062,106064,106066,106068,106070,106072,106074,106076],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106055,113],{"class":112},[39,106057,101],{"class":53},[39,106059,5902],{"class":2523},[39,106061,2608],{"class":53},[39,106063,58],{"class":57},[39,106065,61],{"class":53},[39,106067,64],{"class":57},[39,106069,61],{"class":53},[39,106071,73],{"class":57},[39,106073,61],{"class":53},[39,106075,2080],{"class":57},[39,106077,2621],{"class":53},[134,106079,1514],{"id":1513},[147,106081,106082,106086,106090,106094,106098],{},[150,106083,106084],{},[173,106085,95921],{"href":95920},[150,106087,106088],{},[173,106089,104083],{"href":95924},[150,106091,106092],{},[173,106093,99937],{"href":104933},[150,106095,106096],{},[173,106097,104640],{"href":64439},[150,106099,106100],{},[173,106101,105776],{"href":105775},[1550,106103,106104],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":106106},[106107,106108,106109,106110,106111,106117,106118,106119,106127,106137,106138,106146],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":104258,"depth":83,"text":104259},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":104643,"depth":83,"text":104644},{"id":104830,"depth":83,"text":104831,"children":106112},[106113,106114,106115,106116],{"id":104834,"depth":109,"text":104835},{"id":104936,"depth":109,"text":104937},{"id":105020,"depth":109,"text":105021},{"id":105112,"depth":109,"text":105113},{"id":105180,"depth":83,"text":105181},{"id":105394,"depth":83,"text":105395},{"id":105503,"depth":83,"text":105504,"children":106120},[106121,106123,106125],{"id":105510,"depth":109,"text":106122},"Use set() for an empty set",{"id":105563,"depth":109,"text":106124},"Use {1, 2, 3} for a non-empty set literal",{"id":105628,"depth":109,"text":106126},"Use {} for an empty dictionary",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":106128},[106129,106130,106132,106133,106135],{"id":99470,"depth":109,"text":99978},{"id":105743,"depth":109,"text":106131},"Passing a non-iterable value like set(5)",{"id":105779,"depth":109,"text":105780},{"id":105817,"depth":109,"text":106134},"Expecting set() to keep the original order",{"id":105826,"depth":109,"text":106136},"Confusing set() with list() or dict()",{"id":60300,"depth":83,"text":60301},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":106139},[106140,106141,106142,106143,106144],{"id":105930,"depth":109,"text":105931},{"id":105937,"depth":109,"text":105938},{"id":105949,"depth":109,"text":105950},{"id":105956,"depth":109,"text":105957},{"id":106031,"depth":109,"text":106145},"Why does set([1, 2], [3, 4]) not work?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained",{"title":104141,"description":106147},"reference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained","wzopeLgTwc6XjSZRTDiO0MhJY1lIjTWxNHu52c5tL8Y",{"id":106154,"title":106155,"body":106156,"description":107671,"extension":1587,"meta":107672,"navigation":420,"path":107673,"seo":107674,"stem":107675,"__hash__":107676},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method.md","Python Set intersection() Method",{"type":7,"value":106157,"toc":107647},[106158,106164,106169,106172,106255,106260,106265,106270,106272,106285,106289,106291,106310,106313,106336,106339,106350,106352,106433,106435,106452,106454,106460,106463,106558,106560,106591,106593,106601,106603,106606,106717,106719,106744,106746,106768,106773,106778,106784,106893,106895,106911,106914,106917,107000,107002,107019,107027,107029,107033,107039,107130,107132,107165,107170,107177,107254,107256,107273,107279,107281,107285,107301,107304,107330,107332,107393,107395,107518,107520,107571,107577,107579,107584,107586,107592,107595,107599,107602,107606,107609,107619,107621,107644],[10,106159,3202,106161,18],{"id":106160},"python-setintersection-method",[15,106162,106163],{},"set.intersection()",[20,106165,1604,106166,106168],{},[15,106167,106163],{}," method returns a new set containing only the values that appear in both sets.",[20,106170,106171],{},"Use it when you want to find common items between sets without changing the original set.",[30,106173,106175],{"className":32,"code":106174,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n# Output: {2, 3}\n",[15,106176,106177,106197,106217,106221,106240,106250],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106178,106179,106181,106183,106185,106187,106189,106191,106193,106195],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106180,2176],{"class":45},[39,106182,50],{"class":49},[39,106184,10103],{"class":53},[39,106186,58],{"class":57},[39,106188,61],{"class":53},[39,106190,64],{"class":57},[39,106192,61],{"class":53},[39,106194,73],{"class":57},[39,106196,8921],{"class":53},[39,106198,106199,106201,106203,106205,106207,106209,106211,106213,106215],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,106200,2204],{"class":45},[39,106202,50],{"class":49},[39,106204,10103],{"class":53},[39,106206,104],{"class":57},[39,106208,61],{"class":53},[39,106210,73],{"class":57},[39,106212,61],{"class":53},[39,106214,2080],{"class":57},[39,106216,8921],{"class":53},[39,106218,106219],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,106220,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,106222,106223,106225,106227,106229,106231,106234,106236,106238],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,106224,86],{"class":45},[39,106226,50],{"class":49},[39,106228,56489],{"class":45},[39,106230,94],{"class":53},[39,106232,106233],{"class":97},"intersection",[39,106235,101],{"class":53},[39,106237,1070],{"class":97},[39,106239,80],{"class":53},[39,106241,106242,106244,106246,106248],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,106243,113],{"class":112},[39,106245,101],{"class":53},[39,106247,118],{"class":97},[39,106249,80],{"class":53},[39,106251,106252],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,106253,106254],{"class":124},"# Output: {2, 3}\n",[20,106256,128,106257,106259],{},[15,106258,102384],{}," when you want only the items that appear in both sets.",[134,106261,12608,106263,12611],{"id":106262},"what-the-intersection-method-does",[15,106264,102384],{},[20,106266,106267,106269],{},[15,106268,102384],{}," is a set method that compares one set with another set or iterable and keeps only the shared values.",[20,106271,12664],{},[147,106273,106274,106277,106279,106282],{},[150,106275,106276],{},"It returns a new set with items that exist in both sets",[150,106278,100154],{},[150,106280,106281],{},"It works with values that can be stored in a set",[150,106283,106284],{},"It is useful for finding shared values",[20,106286,95917,106287,94],{},[173,106288,95921],{"href":95920},[134,106290,1781],{"id":1780},[30,106292,106294],{"className":32,"code":106293,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.intersection(set2)\n",[15,106295,106296],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106297,106298,106300,106302,106304,106306,106308],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106299,100178],{"class":45},[39,106301,94],{"class":53},[39,106303,106233],{"class":97},[39,106305,101],{"class":53},[39,106307,100187],{"class":97},[39,106309,80],{"class":53},[20,106311,106312],{},"You can also pass more than one argument:",[30,106314,106316],{"className":32,"code":106315,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.intersection(set2, set3)\n",[15,106317,106318],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106319,106320,106322,106324,106326,106328,106330,106332,106334],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106321,100178],{"class":45},[39,106323,94],{"class":53},[39,106325,106233],{"class":97},[39,106327,101],{"class":53},[39,106329,100187],{"class":97},[39,106331,61],{"class":53},[39,106333,100214],{"class":97},[39,106335,80],{"class":53},[20,106337,106338],{},"Important notes:",[147,106340,106341,106344,106347],{},[150,106342,106343],{},"The result is always a new set",[150,106345,106346],{},"If there are no shared items, the result is an empty set",[150,106348,106349],{},"You can pass sets or other iterables as arguments",[20,106351,515],{},[30,106353,106355],{"className":32,"code":106354,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106356,106357,106381,106401,106405,106423],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106358,106359,106361,106363,106365,106367,106369,106371,106373,106375,106377,106379],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106360,2176],{"class":45},[39,106362,50],{"class":49},[39,106364,10103],{"class":53},[39,106366,58],{"class":57},[39,106368,61],{"class":53},[39,106370,64],{"class":57},[39,106372,61],{"class":53},[39,106374,73],{"class":57},[39,106376,61],{"class":53},[39,106378,2080],{"class":57},[39,106380,8921],{"class":53},[39,106382,106383,106385,106387,106389,106391,106393,106395,106397,106399],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,106384,2204],{"class":45},[39,106386,50],{"class":49},[39,106388,10103],{"class":53},[39,106390,479],{"class":57},[39,106392,61],{"class":53},[39,106394,2080],{"class":57},[39,106396,61],{"class":53},[39,106398,4228],{"class":57},[39,106400,8921],{"class":53},[39,106402,106403],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,106404,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,106406,106407,106409,106411,106413,106415,106417,106419,106421],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,106408,86],{"class":45},[39,106410,50],{"class":49},[39,106412,56489],{"class":45},[39,106414,94],{"class":53},[39,106416,106233],{"class":97},[39,106418,101],{"class":53},[39,106420,1070],{"class":97},[39,106422,80],{"class":53},[39,106424,106425,106427,106429,106431],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,106426,113],{"class":112},[39,106428,101],{"class":53},[39,106430,118],{"class":97},[39,106432,80],{"class":53},[20,106434,458],{},[30,106436,106438],{"className":32,"code":106437,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{3, 4}\n",[15,106439,106440],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106441,106442,106444,106446,106448,106450],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106443,8890],{"class":53},[39,106445,479],{"class":57},[39,106447,61],{"class":53},[39,106449,2080],{"class":57},[39,106451,8921],{"class":53},[134,106453,17032],{"id":17031},[20,106455,106456,21587,106458,94],{},[15,106457,102384],{},[3367,106459,5902],{},[20,106461,106462],{},"That returned set contains only the elements that are present in all inputs.",[30,106464,106466],{"className":32,"code":106465,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,106467,106468,106488,106508,106512,106530,106534,106544],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106469,106470,106472,106474,106476,106478,106480,106482,106484,106486],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106471,2176],{"class":45},[39,106473,50],{"class":49},[39,106475,10103],{"class":53},[39,106477,58],{"class":57},[39,106479,61],{"class":53},[39,106481,64],{"class":57},[39,106483,61],{"class":53},[39,106485,73],{"class":57},[39,106487,8921],{"class":53},[39,106489,106490,106492,106494,106496,106498,106500,106502,106504,106506],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,106491,2204],{"class":45},[39,106493,50],{"class":49},[39,106495,10103],{"class":53},[39,106497,104],{"class":57},[39,106499,61],{"class":53},[39,106501,73],{"class":57},[39,106503,61],{"class":53},[39,106505,2080],{"class":57},[39,106507,8921],{"class":53},[39,106509,106510],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,106511,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,106513,106514,106516,106518,106520,106522,106524,106526,106528],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,106515,86],{"class":45},[39,106517,50],{"class":49},[39,106519,56489],{"class":45},[39,106521,94],{"class":53},[39,106523,106233],{"class":97},[39,106525,101],{"class":53},[39,106527,1070],{"class":97},[39,106529,80],{"class":53},[39,106531,106532],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,106533,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,106535,106536,106538,106540,106542],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,106537,113],{"class":112},[39,106539,101],{"class":53},[39,106541,118],{"class":97},[39,106543,80],{"class":53},[39,106545,106546,106548,106550,106552,106554,106556],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,106547,113],{"class":112},[39,106549,101],{"class":53},[39,106551,2845],{"class":2523},[39,106553,101],{"class":53},[39,106555,118],{"class":97},[39,106557,1026],{"class":53},[20,106559,458],{},[30,106561,106563],{"className":32,"code":106562,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n",[15,106564,106565,106577],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106566,106567,106569,106571,106573,106575],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106568,8890],{"class":53},[39,106570,104],{"class":57},[39,106572,61],{"class":53},[39,106574,73],{"class":57},[39,106576,8921],{"class":53},[39,106578,106579,106581,106583,106585,106587,106589],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,106580,2914],{"class":49},[39,106582,2917],{"class":1689},[39,106584,2920],{"class":243},[39,106586,5902],{"class":247},[39,106588,629],{"class":243},[39,106590,2927],{"class":49},[20,106592,85402],{},[147,106594,106595,106598],{},[150,106596,106597],{},"The return value is a set, not a list",[150,106599,106600],{},"The order is not guaranteed because sets are unordered",[134,106602,355],{"id":354},[20,106604,106605],{},"Here is a basic example with two sets that share some values:",[30,106607,106609],{"className":32,"code":106608,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\", \"blue\"}\n\ncommon_colors = colors1.intersection(colors2)\n\nprint(common_colors)\n",[15,106610,106611,106644,106677,106681,106702,106706],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106612,106613,106616,106618,106620,106622,106624,106626,106628,106630,106632,106634,106636,106638,106640,106642],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106614,106615],{"class":45},"colors1 ",[39,106617,50],{"class":49},[39,106619,10103],{"class":53},[39,106621,244],{"class":243},[39,106623,248],{"class":247},[39,106625,244],{"class":243},[39,106627,61],{"class":53},[39,106629,255],{"class":243},[39,106631,258],{"class":247},[39,106633,244],{"class":243},[39,106635,61],{"class":53},[39,106637,255],{"class":243},[39,106639,275],{"class":247},[39,106641,244],{"class":243},[39,106643,8921],{"class":53},[39,106645,106646,106649,106651,106653,106655,106657,106659,106661,106663,106665,106667,106669,106671,106673,106675],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,106647,106648],{"class":45},"colors2 ",[39,106650,50],{"class":49},[39,106652,10103],{"class":53},[39,106654,244],{"class":243},[39,106656,275],{"class":247},[39,106658,244],{"class":243},[39,106660,61],{"class":53},[39,106662,255],{"class":243},[39,106664,325],{"class":247},[39,106666,244],{"class":243},[39,106668,61],{"class":53},[39,106670,255],{"class":243},[39,106672,258],{"class":247},[39,106674,244],{"class":243},[39,106676,8921],{"class":53},[39,106678,106679],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,106680,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,106682,106683,106686,106688,106691,106693,106695,106697,106700],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,106684,106685],{"class":45},"common_colors ",[39,106687,50],{"class":49},[39,106689,106690],{"class":45}," colors1",[39,106692,94],{"class":53},[39,106694,106233],{"class":97},[39,106696,101],{"class":53},[39,106698,106699],{"class":97},"colors2",[39,106701,80],{"class":53},[39,106703,106704],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,106705,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,106707,106708,106710,106712,106715],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,106709,113],{"class":112},[39,106711,101],{"class":53},[39,106713,106714],{"class":97},"common_colors",[39,106716,80],{"class":53},[20,106718,458],{},[30,106720,106722],{"className":32,"code":106721,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,106723,106724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106725,106726,106728,106730,106732,106734,106736,106738,106740,106742],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106727,8890],{"class":53},[39,106729,629],{"class":243},[39,106731,258],{"class":247},[39,106733,629],{"class":243},[39,106735,61],{"class":53},[39,106737,2920],{"class":243},[39,106739,275],{"class":247},[39,106741,629],{"class":243},[39,106743,8921],{"class":53},[20,106745,11295],{},[147,106747,106748,106754,106758,106763],{},[150,106749,106750,106753],{},[15,106751,106752],{},"colors1"," contains three color names",[150,106755,106756,106753],{},[15,106757,106699],{},[150,106759,106760,106762],{},[15,106761,102384],{}," keeps only the values found in both sets",[150,106764,106765,106766],{},"The result is a new set stored in ",[15,106767,106714],{},[134,106769,948,106771,100751],{"id":106770},"using-intersection-with-multiple-sets",[15,106772,102384],{},[20,106774,106775,106776,94],{},"You can pass more than two sets or iterables to ",[15,106777,102384],{},[20,106779,106780,106781,106783],{},"Only the values found in ",[3367,106782,3339],{}," inputs will be kept.",[30,106785,106787],{"className":32,"code":106786,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\nb = {2, 3, 4, 5}\nc = {3, 4, 6}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b, c)\nprint(result)\n",[15,106788,106789,106813,106837,106857,106861,106883],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106790,106791,106793,106795,106797,106799,106801,106803,106805,106807,106809,106811],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106792,2176],{"class":45},[39,106794,50],{"class":49},[39,106796,10103],{"class":53},[39,106798,58],{"class":57},[39,106800,61],{"class":53},[39,106802,64],{"class":57},[39,106804,61],{"class":53},[39,106806,73],{"class":57},[39,106808,61],{"class":53},[39,106810,2080],{"class":57},[39,106812,8921],{"class":53},[39,106814,106815,106817,106819,106821,106823,106825,106827,106829,106831,106833,106835],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,106816,2204],{"class":45},[39,106818,50],{"class":49},[39,106820,10103],{"class":53},[39,106822,104],{"class":57},[39,106824,61],{"class":53},[39,106826,73],{"class":57},[39,106828,61],{"class":53},[39,106830,2080],{"class":57},[39,106832,61],{"class":53},[39,106834,4228],{"class":57},[39,106836,8921],{"class":53},[39,106838,106839,106841,106843,106845,106847,106849,106851,106853,106855],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,106840,82776],{"class":45},[39,106842,50],{"class":49},[39,106844,10103],{"class":53},[39,106846,479],{"class":57},[39,106848,61],{"class":53},[39,106850,2080],{"class":57},[39,106852,61],{"class":53},[39,106854,37256],{"class":57},[39,106856,8921],{"class":53},[39,106858,106859],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,106860,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,106862,106863,106865,106867,106869,106871,106873,106875,106877,106879,106881],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,106864,86],{"class":45},[39,106866,50],{"class":49},[39,106868,56489],{"class":45},[39,106870,94],{"class":53},[39,106872,106233],{"class":97},[39,106874,101],{"class":53},[39,106876,1070],{"class":97},[39,106878,61],{"class":53},[39,106880,9294],{"class":97},[39,106882,80],{"class":53},[39,106884,106885,106887,106889,106891],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,106886,113],{"class":112},[39,106888,101],{"class":53},[39,106890,118],{"class":97},[39,106892,80],{"class":53},[20,106894,458],{},[30,106896,106897],{"className":32,"code":106437,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,106898,106899],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106900,106901,106903,106905,106907,106909],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106902,8890],{"class":53},[39,106904,479],{"class":57},[39,106906,61],{"class":53},[39,106908,2080],{"class":57},[39,106910,8921],{"class":53},[20,106912,106913],{},"This is useful when you want to check which items are shared across many groups.",[20,106915,106916],{},"You can also pass other iterables:",[30,106918,106920],{"className":32,"code":106919,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection([2, 4, 6], (1, 2, 4))\nprint(result)\n",[15,106921,106922,106946,106950,106990],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,106923,106924,106926,106928,106930,106932,106934,106936,106938,106940,106942,106944],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,106925,2176],{"class":45},[39,106927,50],{"class":49},[39,106929,10103],{"class":53},[39,106931,58],{"class":57},[39,106933,61],{"class":53},[39,106935,64],{"class":57},[39,106937,61],{"class":53},[39,106939,73],{"class":57},[39,106941,61],{"class":53},[39,106943,2080],{"class":57},[39,106945,8921],{"class":53},[39,106947,106948],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,106949,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,106951,106952,106954,106956,106958,106960,106962,106964,106966,106968,106970,106972,106974,106976,106978,106980,106982,106984,106986,106988],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,106953,86],{"class":45},[39,106955,50],{"class":49},[39,106957,56489],{"class":45},[39,106959,94],{"class":53},[39,106961,106233],{"class":97},[39,106963,2608],{"class":53},[39,106965,104],{"class":57},[39,106967,61],{"class":53},[39,106969,2080],{"class":57},[39,106971,61],{"class":53},[39,106973,37256],{"class":57},[39,106975,17674],{"class":53},[39,106977,54],{"class":53},[39,106979,58],{"class":57},[39,106981,61],{"class":53},[39,106983,64],{"class":57},[39,106985,61],{"class":53},[39,106987,2080],{"class":57},[39,106989,1026],{"class":53},[39,106991,106992,106994,106996,106998],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,106993,113],{"class":112},[39,106995,101],{"class":53},[39,106997,118],{"class":97},[39,106999,80],{"class":53},[20,107001,458],{},[30,107003,107005],{"className":32,"code":107004,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{2, 4}\n",[15,107006,107007],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107008,107009,107011,107013,107015,107017],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107010,8890],{"class":53},[39,107012,104],{"class":57},[39,107014,61],{"class":53},[39,107016,2080],{"class":57},[39,107018,8921],{"class":53},[134,107020,107022,10198,107024],{"id":107021},"intersection-vs-intersection_update",[15,107023,102384],{},[15,107025,107026],{},"intersection_update()",[20,107028,100921],{},[223,107030,107031],{"id":106233},[15,107032,102384],{},[147,107034,107035,107037],{},[150,107036,100930],{},[150,107038,100933],{},[30,107040,107042],{"className":32,"code":107041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = a.intersection(b)\n\nprint(a)\nprint(result)\n",[15,107043,107044,107064,107084,107088,107106,107110,107120],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107045,107046,107048,107050,107052,107054,107056,107058,107060,107062],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107047,2176],{"class":45},[39,107049,50],{"class":49},[39,107051,10103],{"class":53},[39,107053,58],{"class":57},[39,107055,61],{"class":53},[39,107057,64],{"class":57},[39,107059,61],{"class":53},[39,107061,73],{"class":57},[39,107063,8921],{"class":53},[39,107065,107066,107068,107070,107072,107074,107076,107078,107080,107082],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,107067,2204],{"class":45},[39,107069,50],{"class":49},[39,107071,10103],{"class":53},[39,107073,104],{"class":57},[39,107075,61],{"class":53},[39,107077,73],{"class":57},[39,107079,61],{"class":53},[39,107081,2080],{"class":57},[39,107083,8921],{"class":53},[39,107085,107086],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,107087,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,107089,107090,107092,107094,107096,107098,107100,107102,107104],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,107091,86],{"class":45},[39,107093,50],{"class":49},[39,107095,56489],{"class":45},[39,107097,94],{"class":53},[39,107099,106233],{"class":97},[39,107101,101],{"class":53},[39,107103,1070],{"class":97},[39,107105,80],{"class":53},[39,107107,107108],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,107109,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,107111,107112,107114,107116,107118],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,107113,113],{"class":112},[39,107115,101],{"class":53},[39,107117,173],{"class":97},[39,107119,80],{"class":53},[39,107121,107122,107124,107126,107128],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,107123,113],{"class":112},[39,107125,101],{"class":53},[39,107127,118],{"class":97},[39,107129,80],{"class":53},[20,107131,458],{},[30,107133,107135],{"className":32,"code":107134,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n",[15,107136,107137,107153],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107138,107139,107141,107143,107145,107147,107149,107151],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107140,8890],{"class":53},[39,107142,58],{"class":57},[39,107144,61],{"class":53},[39,107146,64],{"class":57},[39,107148,61],{"class":53},[39,107150,73],{"class":57},[39,107152,8921],{"class":53},[39,107154,107155,107157,107159,107161,107163],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,107156,8890],{"class":53},[39,107158,104],{"class":57},[39,107160,61],{"class":53},[39,107162,73],{"class":57},[39,107164,8921],{"class":53},[223,107166,107168],{"id":107167},"intersection_update",[15,107169,107026],{},[147,107171,107172,107174],{},[150,107173,101073],{},[150,107175,107176],{},"Does not create a separate result set",[30,107178,107180],{"className":32,"code":107179,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {2, 3, 4}\n\na.intersection_update(b)\n\nprint(a)\n",[15,107181,107182,107202,107222,107226,107240,107244],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107183,107184,107186,107188,107190,107192,107194,107196,107198,107200],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107185,2176],{"class":45},[39,107187,50],{"class":49},[39,107189,10103],{"class":53},[39,107191,58],{"class":57},[39,107193,61],{"class":53},[39,107195,64],{"class":57},[39,107197,61],{"class":53},[39,107199,73],{"class":57},[39,107201,8921],{"class":53},[39,107203,107204,107206,107208,107210,107212,107214,107216,107218,107220],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,107205,2204],{"class":45},[39,107207,50],{"class":49},[39,107209,10103],{"class":53},[39,107211,104],{"class":57},[39,107213,61],{"class":53},[39,107215,73],{"class":57},[39,107217,61],{"class":53},[39,107219,2080],{"class":57},[39,107221,8921],{"class":53},[39,107223,107224],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,107225,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,107227,107228,107230,107232,107234,107236,107238],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,107229,173],{"class":45},[39,107231,94],{"class":53},[39,107233,107167],{"class":97},[39,107235,101],{"class":53},[39,107237,1070],{"class":97},[39,107239,80],{"class":53},[39,107241,107242],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,107243,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,107245,107246,107248,107250,107252],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,107247,113],{"class":112},[39,107249,101],{"class":53},[39,107251,173],{"class":97},[39,107253,80],{"class":53},[20,107255,458],{},[30,107257,107259],{"className":32,"code":107258,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{2, 3}\n",[15,107260,107261],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107262,107263,107265,107267,107269,107271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107264,8890],{"class":53},[39,107266,104],{"class":57},[39,107268,61],{"class":53},[39,107270,73],{"class":57},[39,107272,8921],{"class":53},[20,107274,107275,107276,107278],{},"Choose ",[15,107277,102384],{}," when you want to keep the original data unchanged.",[134,107280,4141],{"id":4140},[20,107282,14344,107283,145],{},[15,107284,102384],{},[147,107286,107287,107290,107293,107296],{},[150,107288,107289],{},"Expecting a list instead of a set",[150,107291,107292],{},"Assuming the output order will match the input order",[150,107294,107295],{},"Forgetting that duplicates are removed in sets",[150,107297,107298,107299],{},"Thinking the original set changes after calling ",[15,107300,102384],{},[20,107302,107303],{},"These are also common causes of confusion:",[147,107305,107306,107311,107314,107327],{},[150,107307,948,107308,107310],{},[15,107309,102384],{}," when order matters",[150,107312,107313],{},"Using sets with duplicate values and expecting duplicates in the result",[150,107315,1160,107316,1163,107318,177,107323],{},[15,107317,102384],{},[173,107319,107321],{"href":107320},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method",[15,107322,102392],{},[173,107324,107325],{"href":102433},[15,107326,100007],{},[150,107328,107329],{},"Expecting the method to update the original set",[20,107331,29748],{},[30,107333,107335],{"className":32,"code":107334,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(set1.intersection(set2))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107336,107337,107347,107361,107379],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107338,107339,107341,107343,107345],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107340,113],{"class":112},[39,107342,101],{"class":53},[39,107344,15278],{"class":97},[39,107346,80],{"class":53},[39,107348,107349,107351,107353,107355,107357,107359],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,107350,113],{"class":112},[39,107352,101],{"class":53},[39,107354,2845],{"class":2523},[39,107356,101],{"class":53},[39,107358,118],{"class":97},[39,107360,1026],{"class":53},[39,107362,107363,107365,107367,107369,107371,107373,107375,107377],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,107364,113],{"class":112},[39,107366,101],{"class":53},[39,107368,100178],{"class":97},[39,107370,94],{"class":53},[39,107372,106233],{"class":97},[39,107374,101],{"class":53},[39,107376,100187],{"class":97},[39,107378,1026],{"class":53},[39,107380,107381,107383,107385,107387,107389,107391],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,107382,113],{"class":112},[39,107384,101],{"class":53},[39,107386,10775],{"class":112},[39,107388,101],{"class":53},[39,107390,118],{"class":97},[39,107392,1026],{"class":53},[20,107394,515],{},[30,107396,107398],{"className":32,"code":107397,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 2, 3}\nother = {2, 3, 4}\n\nresult = numbers.intersection(other)\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\nprint(len(result))\n",[15,107399,107400,107424,107444,107448,107466,107470,107480,107490,107504],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107401,107402,107404,107406,107408,107410,107412,107414,107416,107418,107420,107422],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107403,46],{"class":45},[39,107405,50],{"class":49},[39,107407,10103],{"class":53},[39,107409,58],{"class":57},[39,107411,61],{"class":53},[39,107413,64],{"class":57},[39,107415,61],{"class":53},[39,107417,64],{"class":57},[39,107419,61],{"class":53},[39,107421,73],{"class":57},[39,107423,8921],{"class":53},[39,107425,107426,107428,107430,107432,107434,107436,107438,107440,107442],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,107427,43157],{"class":45},[39,107429,50],{"class":49},[39,107431,10103],{"class":53},[39,107433,104],{"class":57},[39,107435,61],{"class":53},[39,107437,73],{"class":57},[39,107439,61],{"class":53},[39,107441,2080],{"class":57},[39,107443,8921],{"class":53},[39,107445,107446],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,107447,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,107449,107450,107452,107454,107456,107458,107460,107462,107464],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,107451,86],{"class":45},[39,107453,50],{"class":49},[39,107455,91],{"class":45},[39,107457,94],{"class":53},[39,107459,106233],{"class":97},[39,107461,101],{"class":53},[39,107463,30356],{"class":97},[39,107465,80],{"class":53},[39,107467,107468],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,107469,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,107471,107472,107474,107476,107478],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,107473,113],{"class":112},[39,107475,101],{"class":53},[39,107477,992],{"class":97},[39,107479,80],{"class":53},[39,107481,107482,107484,107486,107488],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,107483,113],{"class":112},[39,107485,101],{"class":53},[39,107487,118],{"class":97},[39,107489,80],{"class":53},[39,107491,107492,107494,107496,107498,107500,107502],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,107493,113],{"class":112},[39,107495,101],{"class":53},[39,107497,2845],{"class":2523},[39,107499,101],{"class":53},[39,107501,118],{"class":97},[39,107503,1026],{"class":53},[39,107505,107506,107508,107510,107512,107514,107516],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,107507,113],{"class":112},[39,107509,101],{"class":53},[39,107511,10775],{"class":112},[39,107513,101],{"class":53},[39,107515,118],{"class":97},[39,107517,1026],{"class":53},[20,107519,458],{},[30,107521,107523],{"className":32,"code":107522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3}\n{2, 3}\n\u003Cclass 'set'>\n2\n",[15,107524,107525,107541,107553,107567],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107526,107527,107529,107531,107533,107535,107537,107539],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107528,8890],{"class":53},[39,107530,58],{"class":57},[39,107532,61],{"class":53},[39,107534,64],{"class":57},[39,107536,61],{"class":53},[39,107538,73],{"class":57},[39,107540,8921],{"class":53},[39,107542,107543,107545,107547,107549,107551],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,107544,8890],{"class":53},[39,107546,104],{"class":57},[39,107548,61],{"class":53},[39,107550,73],{"class":57},[39,107552,8921],{"class":53},[39,107554,107555,107557,107559,107561,107563,107565],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,107556,2914],{"class":49},[39,107558,2917],{"class":1689},[39,107560,2920],{"class":243},[39,107562,5902],{"class":247},[39,107564,629],{"class":243},[39,107566,2927],{"class":49},[39,107568,107569],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,107570,16669],{"class":57},[20,107572,107573,107574,107576],{},"Notice that the duplicate ",[15,107575,104],{}," does not appear twice, because sets automatically remove duplicates.",[134,107578,1454],{"id":1453},[223,107580,1468,107582,102332],{"id":107581},"does-intersection-change-the-original-set",[15,107583,102384],{},[20,107585,102335],{},[223,107587,1487,107589,107591],{"id":107588},"can-intersection-be-used-with-more-than-two-sets",[15,107590,102384],{}," be used with more than two sets?",[20,107593,107594],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables, and it keeps only items found in all of them.",[223,107596,107598],{"id":107597},"why-is-the-result-in-a-different-order","Why is the result in a different order?",[20,107600,107601],{},"Sets are unordered collections, so their display order is not guaranteed.",[223,107603,107605],{"id":107604},"what-happens-if-there-are-no-common-items","What happens if there are no common items?",[20,107607,107608],{},"The method returns an empty set:",[30,107610,107611],{"className":32,"code":97051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,107612,107613],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107614,107615,107617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107616,5902],{"class":2523},[39,107618,8257],{"class":53},[134,107620,1514],{"id":1513},[147,107622,107623,107627,107634,107640],{},[150,107624,107625],{},[173,107626,95921],{"href":95920},[150,107628,107629],{},[173,107630,3202,107631,1533],{"href":107320},[15,107632,107633],{},"set.union()",[150,107635,107636],{},[173,107637,3202,107638,1533],{"href":102433},[15,107639,100012],{},[150,107641,107642],{},[173,107643,99937],{"href":104933},[1550,107645,107646],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":107648},[107649,107651,107652,107653,107654,107656,107661,107662,107670],{"id":106262,"depth":83,"text":107650},"What the intersection() method does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":106770,"depth":83,"text":107655},"Using intersection() with multiple sets",{"id":107021,"depth":83,"text":107657,"children":107658},"intersection() vs intersection_update()",[107659,107660],{"id":106233,"depth":109,"text":102384},{"id":107167,"depth":109,"text":107026},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":107663},[107664,107666,107668,107669],{"id":107581,"depth":109,"text":107665},"Does intersection() change the original set?",{"id":107588,"depth":109,"text":107667},"Can intersection() be used with more than two sets?",{"id":107597,"depth":109,"text":107598},{"id":107604,"depth":109,"text":107605},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set intersection method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method",{"title":106155,"description":107671},"reference\u002Fpython-set-intersection-method","WdT5ZeMbzzTuqFC6QHuwvJILep4wDplT8MIltw8e0fg",{"id":107678,"title":107679,"body":107680,"description":108916,"extension":1587,"meta":108917,"navigation":420,"path":108918,"seo":108919,"stem":108920,"__hash__":108921},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method.md","Python Set pop() Method",{"type":7,"value":107681,"toc":108883},[107682,107687,107693,107702,107704,107779,107784,107799,107809,107814,107818,107831,107835,107837,107852,107854,107870,107872,107947,107951,107954,107956,107973,107978,108033,108038,108050,108054,108057,108158,108160,108201,108204,108208,108215,108217,108242,108245,108263,108270,108276,108279,108361,108368,108371,108451,108460,108463,108468,108472,108486,108535,108540,108544,108555,108604,108615,108620,108624,108636,108685,108696,108698,108702,108725,108727,108784,108786,108800,108802,108808,108814,108820,108829,108833,108840,108844,108852,108854,108880],[10,107683,95793,107685,18],{"id":107684},"python-set-pop-method",[15,107686,12374],{},[20,107688,107689,107692],{},[15,107690,107691],{},"set.pop()"," removes and returns one item from a set.",[20,107694,107695,107696,107698,107699,107701],{},"This method is useful when you want to take out any item, but you do ",[3367,107697,4254],{}," care which one. That is important because sets are unordered, so ",[15,107700,12374],{}," does not remove an item by position.",[134,107703,1629],{"id":1628},[30,107705,107707],{"className":32,"code":107706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nremoved = items.pop()\n\nprint(removed)\nprint(items)\n",[15,107708,107709,107741,107755,107759,107769],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107710,107711,107713,107715,107717,107719,107721,107723,107725,107727,107729,107731,107733,107735,107737,107739],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107712,7397],{"class":45},[39,107714,50],{"class":49},[39,107716,10103],{"class":53},[39,107718,244],{"class":243},[39,107720,377],{"class":247},[39,107722,244],{"class":243},[39,107724,61],{"class":53},[39,107726,255],{"class":243},[39,107728,386],{"class":247},[39,107730,244],{"class":243},[39,107732,61],{"class":53},[39,107734,255],{"class":243},[39,107736,3720],{"class":247},[39,107738,244],{"class":243},[39,107740,8921],{"class":53},[39,107742,107743,107745,107747,107749,107751,107753],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,107744,69525],{"class":45},[39,107746,50],{"class":49},[39,107748,5582],{"class":45},[39,107750,94],{"class":53},[39,107752,25853],{"class":97},[39,107754,8257],{"class":53},[39,107756,107757],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,107758,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,107760,107761,107763,107765,107767],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,107762,113],{"class":112},[39,107764,101],{"class":53},[39,107766,69548],{"class":97},[39,107768,80],{"class":53},[39,107770,107771,107773,107775,107777],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,107772,113],{"class":112},[39,107774,101],{"class":53},[39,107776,7426],{"class":97},[39,107778,80],{"class":53},[20,107780,107781],{},[3367,107782,107783],{},"What this does:",[147,107785,107786,107791,107796],{},[150,107787,107788,107789],{},"Removes one item from ",[15,107790,7426],{},[150,107792,107793,107794],{},"Stores that removed item in ",[15,107795,69548],{},[150,107797,107798],{},"Prints the removed item and the updated set",[20,107800,107801,88553,107803,107805,107806,107808],{},[3367,107802,83411],{},[15,107804,107691],{}," removes and returns one item from the set. The removed item is ",[3367,107807,4254],{}," chosen by index.",[134,107810,137,107812,140],{"id":107811},"what-setpop-does",[15,107813,107691],{},[20,107815,107816,145],{},[15,107817,107691],{},[147,107819,107820,107822,107825,107828],{},[150,107821,102635],{},[150,107823,107824],{},"Returns the removed item",[150,107826,107827],{},"Works only on non-empty sets",[150,107829,107830],{},"Does not take an index or value argument",[20,107832,95917,107833,94],{},[173,107834,95921],{"href":97092},[134,107836,1781],{"id":1780},[30,107838,107840],{"className":32,"code":107839,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.pop()\n",[15,107841,107842],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107843,107844,107846,107848,107850],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107845,15278],{"class":45},[39,107847,94],{"class":53},[39,107849,25853],{"class":97},[39,107851,8257],{"class":53},[20,107853,12664],{},[147,107855,107856,107862,107867],{},[150,107857,107858,107859],{},"The syntax is ",[15,107860,107861],{},"my_set.pop()",[150,107863,107864,107865],{},"It takes ",[3367,107866,28300],{},[150,107868,107869],{},"If you need the removed item, save the return value in a variable",[20,107871,515],{},[30,107873,107875],{"className":32,"code":107874,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nitem = colors.pop()\n\nprint(item)\nprint(colors)\n",[15,107876,107877,107909,107923,107927,107937],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107878,107879,107881,107883,107885,107887,107889,107891,107893,107895,107897,107899,107901,107903,107905,107907],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107880,236],{"class":45},[39,107882,50],{"class":49},[39,107884,10103],{"class":53},[39,107886,244],{"class":243},[39,107888,248],{"class":247},[39,107890,244],{"class":243},[39,107892,61],{"class":53},[39,107894,255],{"class":243},[39,107896,258],{"class":247},[39,107898,244],{"class":243},[39,107900,61],{"class":53},[39,107902,255],{"class":243},[39,107904,275],{"class":247},[39,107906,244],{"class":243},[39,107908,8921],{"class":53},[39,107910,107911,107913,107915,107917,107919,107921],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,107912,28150],{"class":45},[39,107914,50],{"class":49},[39,107916,12733],{"class":45},[39,107918,94],{"class":53},[39,107920,25853],{"class":97},[39,107922,8257],{"class":53},[39,107924,107925],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,107926,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,107928,107929,107931,107933,107935],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,107930,113],{"class":112},[39,107932,101],{"class":53},[39,107934,22922],{"class":97},[39,107936,80],{"class":53},[39,107938,107939,107941,107943,107945],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,107940,113],{"class":112},[39,107942,101],{"class":53},[39,107944,288],{"class":97},[39,107946,80],{"class":53},[134,107948,107950],{"id":107949},"important-behavior-to-understand","Important behavior to understand",[20,107952,107953],{},"Sets are unordered collections.",[20,107955,1731],{},[147,107957,107958,107964,107967],{},[150,107959,107960,107961,107963],{},"You cannot choose which item ",[15,107962,12374],{}," removes",[150,107965,107966],{},"The removed item may seem different across runs",[150,107968,107969,107970,107972],{},"You should not use ",[15,107971,12374],{}," when you need to remove a specific value",[20,107974,10073,107975,107977],{},[3367,107976,4254],{}," valid:",[30,107979,107981],{"className":32,"code":107980,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"}\nfruits.pop(\"apple\")\n",[15,107982,107983,108015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,107984,107985,107987,107989,107991,107993,107995,107997,107999,108001,108003,108005,108007,108009,108011,108013],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,107986,368],{"class":45},[39,107988,50],{"class":49},[39,107990,10103],{"class":53},[39,107992,244],{"class":243},[39,107994,377],{"class":247},[39,107996,244],{"class":243},[39,107998,61],{"class":53},[39,108000,255],{"class":243},[39,108002,386],{"class":247},[39,108004,244],{"class":243},[39,108006,61],{"class":53},[39,108008,255],{"class":243},[39,108010,3720],{"class":247},[39,108012,244],{"class":243},[39,108014,8921],{"class":53},[39,108016,108017,108019,108021,108023,108025,108027,108029,108031],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108018,35904],{"class":45},[39,108020,94],{"class":53},[39,108022,25853],{"class":97},[39,108024,101],{"class":53},[39,108026,244],{"class":243},[39,108028,377],{"class":247},[39,108030,244],{"class":243},[39,108032,80],{"class":53},[20,108034,39264,108035,108037],{},[15,108036,107691],{}," does not accept a value.",[20,108039,108040,108041,177,108045,94],{},"If you want to remove a specific item, use ",[173,108042,108043],{"href":97802},[15,108044,102461],{},[173,108046,108048],{"href":108047},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-discard-method\u002F",[15,108049,102452],{},[134,108051,108053],{"id":108052},"example-remove-one-item","Example: remove one item",[20,108055,108056],{},"Here is a simple example:",[30,108058,108060],{"className":32,"code":108059,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"animals = {\"cat\", \"dog\", \"rabbit\"}\n\nremoved_animal = animals.pop()\n\nprint(\"Removed:\", removed_animal)\nprint(\"Updated set:\", animals)\n",[15,108061,108062,108096,108100,108116,108120,108139],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108063,108064,108067,108069,108071,108073,108075,108077,108079,108081,108083,108085,108087,108089,108092,108094],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108065,108066],{"class":45},"animals ",[39,108068,50],{"class":49},[39,108070,10103],{"class":53},[39,108072,244],{"class":243},[39,108074,839],{"class":247},[39,108076,244],{"class":243},[39,108078,61],{"class":53},[39,108080,255],{"class":243},[39,108082,57723],{"class":247},[39,108084,244],{"class":243},[39,108086,61],{"class":53},[39,108088,255],{"class":243},[39,108090,108091],{"class":247},"rabbit",[39,108093,244],{"class":243},[39,108095,8921],{"class":53},[39,108097,108098],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108099,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,108101,108102,108105,108107,108110,108112,108114],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,108103,108104],{"class":45},"removed_animal ",[39,108106,50],{"class":49},[39,108108,108109],{"class":45}," animals",[39,108111,94],{"class":53},[39,108113,25853],{"class":97},[39,108115,8257],{"class":53},[39,108117,108118],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,108119,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,108121,108122,108124,108126,108128,108130,108132,108134,108137],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,108123,113],{"class":112},[39,108125,101],{"class":53},[39,108127,244],{"class":243},[39,108129,28568],{"class":247},[39,108131,244],{"class":243},[39,108133,61],{"class":53},[39,108135,108136],{"class":97}," removed_animal",[39,108138,80],{"class":53},[39,108140,108141,108143,108145,108147,108150,108152,108154,108156],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,108142,113],{"class":112},[39,108144,101],{"class":53},[39,108146,244],{"class":243},[39,108148,108149],{"class":247},"Updated set:",[39,108151,244],{"class":243},[39,108153,61],{"class":53},[39,108155,108109],{"class":97},[39,108157,80],{"class":53},[20,108159,29642],{},[30,108161,108163],{"className":32,"code":108162,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Removed: dog\nUpdated set: {'cat', 'rabbit'}\n",[15,108164,108165,108174],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108166,108167,108169,108171],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108168,28610],{"class":45},[39,108170,145],{"class":53},[39,108172,108173],{"class":45}," dog\n",[39,108175,108176,108179,108181,108183,108185,108187,108189,108191,108193,108195,108197,108199],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108177,108178],{"class":45},"Updated ",[39,108180,5902],{"class":2523},[39,108182,145],{"class":53},[39,108184,10103],{"class":53},[39,108186,629],{"class":243},[39,108188,839],{"class":247},[39,108190,629],{"class":243},[39,108192,61],{"class":53},[39,108194,2920],{"class":243},[39,108196,108091],{"class":247},[39,108198,629],{"class":243},[39,108200,8921],{"class":53},[20,108202,108203],{},"Your output may be different because sets do not guarantee order.",[134,108205,108207],{"id":108206},"what-happens-with-an-empty-set","What happens with an empty set",[20,108209,29262,108210,108212,108213,94],{},[15,108211,12374],{}," on an empty set raises a ",[15,108214,19300],{},[20,108216,515],{},[30,108218,108220],{"className":32,"code":108219,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = set()\nitems.pop()\n",[15,108221,108222,108232],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108223,108224,108226,108228,108230],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108225,7397],{"class":45},[39,108227,50],{"class":49},[39,108229,15245],{"class":2523},[39,108231,8257],{"class":53},[39,108233,108234,108236,108238,108240],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108235,7426],{"class":45},[39,108237,94],{"class":53},[39,108239,25853],{"class":97},[39,108241,8257],{"class":53},[20,108243,108244],{},"This raises:",[30,108246,108248],{"className":32,"code":108247,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"KeyError: 'pop from an empty set'\n",[15,108249,108250],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108251,108252,108254,108256,108258,108261],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108253,19300],{"class":2523},[39,108255,145],{"class":53},[39,108257,2920],{"class":243},[39,108259,108260],{"class":247},"pop from an empty set",[39,108262,29312],{"class":243},[20,108264,108265,108266,108269],{},"If needed, you can learn more about this kind of problem on the ",[173,108267,108268],{"href":10687},"KeyError in Python causes and fixes"," page.",[223,108271,108273,108274],{"id":108272},"check-before-calling-pop","Check before calling ",[15,108275,12374],{},[20,108277,108278],{},"A simple way to avoid the error is to check whether the set has items:",[30,108280,108282],{"className":32,"code":108281,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = set()\n\nif items:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nelse:\n    print(\"The set is empty.\")\n",[15,108283,108284,108294,108298,108306,108321,108340,108346],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108285,108286,108288,108290,108292],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108287,7397],{"class":45},[39,108289,50],{"class":49},[39,108291,15245],{"class":2523},[39,108293,8257],{"class":53},[39,108295,108296],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108297,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,108299,108300,108302,108304],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,108301,511],{"class":572},[39,108303,5582],{"class":45},[39,108305,598],{"class":53},[39,108307,108308,108311,108313,108315,108317,108319],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,108309,108310],{"class":45},"    removed ",[39,108312,50],{"class":49},[39,108314,5582],{"class":45},[39,108316,94],{"class":53},[39,108318,25853],{"class":97},[39,108320,8257],{"class":53},[39,108322,108323,108325,108327,108329,108331,108333,108335,108338],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,108324,603],{"class":112},[39,108326,101],{"class":53},[39,108328,244],{"class":243},[39,108330,28568],{"class":247},[39,108332,244],{"class":243},[39,108334,61],{"class":53},[39,108336,108337],{"class":97}," removed",[39,108339,80],{"class":53},[39,108341,108342,108344],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,108343,27046],{"class":572},[39,108345,598],{"class":53},[39,108347,108348,108350,108352,108354,108357,108359],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,108349,603],{"class":112},[39,108351,101],{"class":53},[39,108353,244],{"class":243},[39,108355,108356],{"class":247},"The set is empty.",[39,108358,244],{"class":243},[39,108360,80],{"class":53},[223,108362,128,108364,796,108366],{"id":108363},"use-try-and-except",[15,108365,29416],{},[15,108367,29447],{},[20,108369,108370],{},"You can also handle the error directly:",[30,108372,108374],{"className":32,"code":108373,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = set()\n\ntry:\n    removed = items.pop()\n    print(\"Removed:\", removed)\nexcept KeyError:\n    print(\"Cannot pop from an empty set.\")\n",[15,108375,108376,108386,108390,108396,108410,108428,108436],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108377,108378,108380,108382,108384],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108379,7397],{"class":45},[39,108381,50],{"class":49},[39,108383,15245],{"class":2523},[39,108385,8257],{"class":53},[39,108387,108388],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108389,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,108391,108392,108394],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,108393,29416],{"class":572},[39,108395,598],{"class":53},[39,108397,108398,108400,108402,108404,108406,108408],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,108399,108310],{"class":45},[39,108401,50],{"class":49},[39,108403,5582],{"class":45},[39,108405,94],{"class":53},[39,108407,25853],{"class":97},[39,108409,8257],{"class":53},[39,108411,108412,108414,108416,108418,108420,108422,108424,108426],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,108413,603],{"class":112},[39,108415,101],{"class":53},[39,108417,244],{"class":243},[39,108419,28568],{"class":247},[39,108421,244],{"class":243},[39,108423,61],{"class":53},[39,108425,108337],{"class":97},[39,108427,80],{"class":53},[39,108429,108430,108432,108434],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,108431,29447],{"class":572},[39,108433,29450],{"class":2523},[39,108435,598],{"class":53},[39,108437,108438,108440,108442,108444,108447,108449],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,108439,603],{"class":112},[39,108441,101],{"class":53},[39,108443,244],{"class":243},[39,108445,108446],{"class":247},"Cannot pop from an empty set.",[39,108448,244],{"class":243},[39,108450,80],{"class":53},[134,108452,4584,108454,10198,108456,10198,108458],{"id":108453},"when-to-use-pop-vs-remove-vs-discard",[15,108455,12374],{},[15,108457,55130],{},[15,108459,102447],{},[20,108461,108462],{},"These three methods all remove items from a set, but they are used in different situations.",[223,108464,128,108466],{"id":108465},"use-pop",[15,108467,12374],{},[20,108469,128,108470,10214],{},[15,108471,12374],{},[147,108473,108474,108480,108483],{},[150,108475,108476,108477],{},"You want to remove ",[3367,108478,108479],{},"any one item",[150,108481,108482],{},"You do not care which item is removed",[150,108484,108485],{},"You want the removed item returned",[30,108487,108489],{"className":32,"code":108488,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nvalue = numbers.pop()\nprint(value)\n",[15,108490,108491,108511,108525],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108492,108493,108495,108497,108499,108501,108503,108505,108507,108509],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108494,46],{"class":45},[39,108496,50],{"class":49},[39,108498,10103],{"class":53},[39,108500,58],{"class":57},[39,108502,61],{"class":53},[39,108504,64],{"class":57},[39,108506,61],{"class":53},[39,108508,73],{"class":57},[39,108510,8921],{"class":53},[39,108512,108513,108515,108517,108519,108521,108523],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108514,2070],{"class":45},[39,108516,50],{"class":49},[39,108518,91],{"class":45},[39,108520,94],{"class":53},[39,108522,25853],{"class":97},[39,108524,8257],{"class":53},[39,108526,108527,108529,108531,108533],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,108528,113],{"class":112},[39,108530,101],{"class":53},[39,108532,155],{"class":97},[39,108534,80],{"class":53},[223,108536,128,108538],{"id":108537},"use-remove",[15,108539,55130],{},[20,108541,128,108542,10214],{},[15,108543,55130],{},[147,108545,108546,108552],{},[150,108547,108548,108549],{},"You want to delete a ",[3367,108550,108551],{},"specific item",[150,108553,108554],{},"You expect that item to be in the set",[30,108556,108558],{"className":32,"code":108557,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.remove(2)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108559,108560,108580,108594],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108561,108562,108564,108566,108568,108570,108572,108574,108576,108578],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108563,46],{"class":45},[39,108565,50],{"class":49},[39,108567,10103],{"class":53},[39,108569,58],{"class":57},[39,108571,61],{"class":53},[39,108573,64],{"class":57},[39,108575,61],{"class":53},[39,108577,73],{"class":57},[39,108579,8921],{"class":53},[39,108581,108582,108584,108586,108588,108590,108592],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108583,992],{"class":45},[39,108585,94],{"class":53},[39,108587,34409],{"class":97},[39,108589,101],{"class":53},[39,108591,104],{"class":57},[39,108593,80],{"class":53},[39,108595,108596,108598,108600,108602],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,108597,113],{"class":112},[39,108599,101],{"class":53},[39,108601,992],{"class":97},[39,108603,80],{"class":53},[20,108605,108606,108607,108609,108610,108614],{},"If the item is missing, ",[15,108608,55130],{}," raises an error. See the ",[173,108611,108612,1533],{"href":97802},[15,108613,102461],{}," for details.",[223,108616,128,108618],{"id":108617},"use-discard",[15,108619,102447],{},[20,108621,128,108622,10214],{},[15,108623,102447],{},[147,108625,108626,108630],{},[150,108627,108548,108628],{},[3367,108629,108551],{},[150,108631,108632,108633,108635],{},"You do ",[3367,108634,4254],{}," want an error if the item is missing",[30,108637,108639],{"className":32,"code":108638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nnumbers.discard(5)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,108640,108641,108661,108675],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108642,108643,108645,108647,108649,108651,108653,108655,108657,108659],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108644,46],{"class":45},[39,108646,50],{"class":49},[39,108648,10103],{"class":53},[39,108650,58],{"class":57},[39,108652,61],{"class":53},[39,108654,64],{"class":57},[39,108656,61],{"class":53},[39,108658,73],{"class":57},[39,108660,8921],{"class":53},[39,108662,108663,108665,108667,108669,108671,108673],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108664,992],{"class":45},[39,108666,94],{"class":53},[39,108668,102514],{"class":97},[39,108670,101],{"class":53},[39,108672,1376],{"class":57},[39,108674,80],{"class":53},[39,108676,108677,108679,108681,108683],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,108678,113],{"class":112},[39,108680,101],{"class":53},[39,108682,992],{"class":97},[39,108684,80],{"class":53},[20,108686,108687,108688,108690,108691,108695],{},"This does nothing if ",[15,108689,1376],{}," is not in the set. See the ",[173,108692,108693,1533],{"href":108047},[15,108694,102452],{}," for more examples.",[134,108697,944],{"id":943},[20,108699,71070,108700,145],{},[15,108701,107691],{},[147,108703,108704,108710,108715,108720],{},[150,108705,108706,108707],{},"Trying to pass a value like ",[15,108708,108709],{},"my_set.pop(\"apple\")",[150,108711,1030,108712,108714],{},[15,108713,12374],{}," to remove the first or last item",[150,108716,29262,108717,108719],{},[15,108718,12374],{}," on an empty set",[150,108721,948,108722,108724],{},[15,108723,12374],{}," when you need to remove a specific item",[20,108726,61886],{},[30,108728,108730],{"className":32,"code":108729,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(len(my_set))\nprint(type(my_set))\nitem = my_set.pop()\n",[15,108731,108732,108742,108756,108770],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108733,108734,108736,108738,108740],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108735,113],{"class":112},[39,108737,101],{"class":53},[39,108739,15278],{"class":97},[39,108741,80],{"class":53},[39,108743,108744,108746,108748,108750,108752,108754],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108745,113],{"class":112},[39,108747,101],{"class":53},[39,108749,10775],{"class":112},[39,108751,101],{"class":53},[39,108753,15278],{"class":97},[39,108755,1026],{"class":53},[39,108757,108758,108760,108762,108764,108766,108768],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,108759,113],{"class":112},[39,108761,101],{"class":53},[39,108763,2845],{"class":2523},[39,108765,101],{"class":53},[39,108767,15278],{"class":97},[39,108769,1026],{"class":53},[39,108771,108772,108774,108776,108778,108780,108782],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,108773,28150],{"class":45},[39,108775,50],{"class":49},[39,108777,96517],{"class":45},[39,108779,94],{"class":53},[39,108781,25853],{"class":97},[39,108783,8257],{"class":53},[20,108785,25620],{},[147,108787,108788,108791,108794,108797],{},[150,108789,108790],{},"What values are in the set",[150,108792,108793],{},"Whether the set is empty",[150,108795,108796],{},"That the object is really a set",[150,108798,108799],{},"What value was actually removed",[134,108801,1454],{"id":1453},[223,108803,1468,108805,108807],{"id":108804},"does-setpop-remove-the-first-item",[15,108806,107691],{}," remove the first item?",[20,108809,108810,108811,108813],{},"No. Sets do not keep order in the way lists do, so ",[15,108812,12374],{}," removes an arbitrary item.",[223,108815,108817,108818,929],{"id":108816},"can-i-use-an-index-with-setpop","Can I use an index with ",[15,108819,107691],{},[20,108821,108822,108823,108825,108826,108828],{},"No. Unlike list ",[15,108824,12374],{},", set ",[15,108827,12374],{}," does not accept an index.",[223,108830,108832],{"id":108831},"what-error-happens-if-the-set-is-empty","What error happens if the set is empty?",[20,108834,71239,108835,44236,108837,108839],{},[15,108836,19300],{},[15,108838,12374],{}," is called on an empty set.",[223,108841,108843],{"id":108842},"how-do-i-remove-a-specific-item-from-a-set","How do I remove a specific item from a set?",[20,108845,128,108846,177,108848,10705,108850,94],{},[15,108847,55130],{},[15,108849,102447],{},[15,108851,12374],{},[134,108853,1514],{"id":1513},[147,108855,108856,108860,108866,108872,108876],{},[150,108857,108858],{},[173,108859,95921],{"href":97092},[150,108861,108862],{},[173,108863,96407,108864,1533],{"href":97802},[15,108865,55130],{},[150,108867,108868],{},[173,108869,96407,108870,1533],{"href":108047},[15,108871,102447],{},[150,108873,108874],{},[173,108875,10876],{"href":10687},[150,108877,108878],{},[173,108879,55116],{"href":54668},[1550,108881,108882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":108884},[108885,108886,108888,108889,108890,108891,108897,108906,108907,108915],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":107811,"depth":83,"text":108887},"What set.pop() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":107949,"depth":83,"text":107950},{"id":108052,"depth":83,"text":108053},{"id":108206,"depth":83,"text":108207,"children":108892},[108893,108895],{"id":108272,"depth":109,"text":108894},"Check before calling pop()",{"id":108363,"depth":109,"text":108896},"Use try and except",{"id":108453,"depth":83,"text":108898,"children":108899},"When to use pop() vs remove() vs discard()",[108900,108902,108904],{"id":108465,"depth":109,"text":108901},"Use pop()",{"id":108537,"depth":109,"text":108903},"Use remove()",{"id":108617,"depth":109,"text":108905},"Use discard()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":108908},[108909,108911,108913,108914],{"id":108804,"depth":109,"text":108910},"Does set.pop() remove the first item?",{"id":108816,"depth":109,"text":108912},"Can I use an index with set.pop()?",{"id":108831,"depth":109,"text":108832},{"id":108842,"depth":109,"text":108843},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set pop method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method",{"title":107679,"description":108916},"reference\u002Fpython-set-pop-method","HnjrB6euDyN20pcN7QQuCb2VArpBGb8ME-qhQl7T8YY",{"id":108923,"title":108924,"body":108925,"description":110078,"extension":1587,"meta":110079,"navigation":420,"path":110080,"seo":110081,"stem":110082,"__hash__":110083},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method.md","Python Set remove() Method",{"type":7,"value":108926,"toc":110046},[108927,108932,108937,108946,108948,109013,109017,109041,109048,109053,109057,109072,109075,109077,109096,109110,109113,109161,109165,109181,109183,109256,109260,109285,109291,109299,109303,109310,109365,109370,109387,109392,109398,109403,109411,109418,109422,109430,109485,109487,109504,109508,109515,109580,109584,109617,109619,109631,109638,109640,109645,109652,109654,109723,109727,109735,109737,109801,109805,109810,109857,109862,109930,109938,109945,109948,109954,109959,109963,109965,109968,109970,109975,109980,109986,109991,109998,110006,110012,110015,110017,110043],[10,108928,95793,108930,18],{"id":108929},"python-set-remove-method",[15,108931,55130],{},[20,108933,108934,108936],{},[15,108935,102461],{}," deletes one specific value from a set.",[20,108938,108939,108940,108943,108944,94],{},"Use it when you want to remove an item ",[3367,108941,108942],{},"and you expect that item to be present",". If the item is missing, Python raises a ",[15,108945,19300],{},[134,108947,1629],{"id":1628},[30,108949,108951],{"className":32,"code":108950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,108952,108953,108985,109003],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,108954,108955,108957,108959,108961,108963,108965,108967,108969,108971,108973,108975,108977,108979,108981,108983],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,108956,236],{"class":45},[39,108958,50],{"class":49},[39,108960,10103],{"class":53},[39,108962,244],{"class":243},[39,108964,248],{"class":247},[39,108966,244],{"class":243},[39,108968,61],{"class":53},[39,108970,255],{"class":243},[39,108972,258],{"class":247},[39,108974,244],{"class":243},[39,108976,61],{"class":53},[39,108978,255],{"class":243},[39,108980,275],{"class":247},[39,108982,244],{"class":243},[39,108984,8921],{"class":53},[39,108986,108987,108989,108991,108993,108995,108997,108999,109001],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,108988,288],{"class":45},[39,108990,94],{"class":53},[39,108992,34409],{"class":97},[39,108994,101],{"class":53},[39,108996,244],{"class":243},[39,108998,258],{"class":247},[39,109000,244],{"class":243},[39,109002,80],{"class":53},[39,109004,109005,109007,109009,109011],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,109006,113],{"class":112},[39,109008,101],{"class":53},[39,109010,288],{"class":97},[39,109012,80],{"class":53},[20,109014,109015],{},[3367,109016,29642],{},[30,109018,109019],{"className":32,"code":103139,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109020,109021],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109022,109023,109025,109027,109029,109031,109033,109035,109037,109039],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109024,8890],{"class":53},[39,109026,629],{"class":243},[39,109028,248],{"class":247},[39,109030,629],{"class":243},[39,109032,61],{"class":53},[39,109034,2920],{"class":243},[39,109036,275],{"class":247},[39,109038,629],{"class":243},[39,109040,8921],{"class":53},[20,109042,128,109043,109045,109046,94],{},[15,109044,55130],{}," to delete a value from a set. If the value is not in the set, Python raises a ",[15,109047,19300],{},[134,109049,137,109051,140],{"id":109050},"what-setremove-does",[15,109052,102461],{},[20,109054,109055,145],{},[15,109056,102461],{},[147,109058,109059,109062,109064,109066],{},[150,109060,109061],{},"Removes one specific value from a set",[150,109063,95908],{},[150,109065,95911],{},[150,109067,109068,109069,109071],{},"Raises ",[15,109070,19300],{}," if the value is missing",[20,109073,109074],{},"This means the set itself is updated. You do not need to assign the result to a new variable.",[134,109076,1781],{"id":1780},[30,109078,109080],{"className":32,"code":109079,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.remove(value)\n",[15,109081,109082],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109083,109084,109086,109088,109090,109092,109094],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109085,15278],{"class":45},[39,109087,94],{"class":53},[39,109089,34409],{"class":97},[39,109091,101],{"class":53},[39,109093,155],{"class":97},[39,109095,80],{"class":53},[147,109097,109098,109102,109107],{},[150,109099,109100,102683],{},[15,109101,15278],{},[150,109103,109104,109106],{},[15,109105,155],{}," is the item to remove",[150,109108,109109],{},"Use this method when you expect the item to exist",[20,109111,109112],{},"Here is a small example:",[30,109114,109115],{"className":32,"code":108557,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109116,109117,109137,109151],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109118,109119,109121,109123,109125,109127,109129,109131,109133,109135],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109120,46],{"class":45},[39,109122,50],{"class":49},[39,109124,10103],{"class":53},[39,109126,58],{"class":57},[39,109128,61],{"class":53},[39,109130,64],{"class":57},[39,109132,61],{"class":53},[39,109134,73],{"class":57},[39,109136,8921],{"class":53},[39,109138,109139,109141,109143,109145,109147,109149],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109140,992],{"class":45},[39,109142,94],{"class":53},[39,109144,34409],{"class":97},[39,109146,101],{"class":53},[39,109148,104],{"class":57},[39,109150,80],{"class":53},[39,109152,109153,109155,109157,109159],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,109154,113],{"class":112},[39,109156,101],{"class":53},[39,109158,992],{"class":97},[39,109160,80],{"class":53},[20,109162,109163],{},[3367,109164,29642],{},[30,109166,109167],{"className":32,"code":100891,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109168,109169],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109170,109171,109173,109175,109177,109179],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109172,8890],{"class":53},[39,109174,58],{"class":57},[39,109176,61],{"class":53},[39,109178,73],{"class":57},[39,109180,8921],{"class":53},[134,109182,355],{"id":354},[30,109184,109186],{"className":32,"code":109185,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\n\nfruits.remove(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n",[15,109187,109188,109220,109224,109242,109246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109189,109190,109192,109194,109196,109198,109200,109202,109204,109206,109208,109210,109212,109214,109216,109218],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109191,368],{"class":45},[39,109193,50],{"class":49},[39,109195,10103],{"class":53},[39,109197,244],{"class":243},[39,109199,377],{"class":247},[39,109201,244],{"class":243},[39,109203,61],{"class":53},[39,109205,255],{"class":243},[39,109207,386],{"class":247},[39,109209,244],{"class":243},[39,109211,61],{"class":53},[39,109213,255],{"class":243},[39,109215,403],{"class":247},[39,109217,244],{"class":243},[39,109219,8921],{"class":53},[39,109221,109222],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109223,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,109225,109226,109228,109230,109232,109234,109236,109238,109240],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,109227,35904],{"class":45},[39,109229,94],{"class":53},[39,109231,34409],{"class":97},[39,109233,101],{"class":53},[39,109235,244],{"class":243},[39,109237,386],{"class":247},[39,109239,244],{"class":243},[39,109241,80],{"class":53},[39,109243,109244],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,109245,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,109247,109248,109250,109252,109254],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,109249,113],{"class":112},[39,109251,101],{"class":53},[39,109253,35904],{"class":97},[39,109255,80],{"class":53},[20,109257,109258],{},[3367,109259,29642],{},[30,109261,109263],{"className":32,"code":109262,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'apple', 'orange'}\n",[15,109264,109265],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109266,109267,109269,109271,109273,109275,109277,109279,109281,109283],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109268,8890],{"class":53},[39,109270,629],{"class":243},[39,109272,377],{"class":247},[39,109274,629],{"class":243},[39,109276,61],{"class":53},[39,109278,2920],{"class":243},[39,109280,403],{"class":247},[39,109282,629],{"class":243},[39,109284,8921],{"class":53},[20,109286,109287,109288,109290],{},"This removes ",[15,109289,64866],{}," from the set.",[20,109292,109293,109294,109296,109297,94],{},"A set does ",[3367,109295,4254],{}," keep items in a fixed order, so your printed output may appear in a different order. If you are new to sets, see ",[173,109298,95925],{"href":97476},[134,109300,109302],{"id":109301},"what-happens-if-the-item-is-not-found","What happens if the item is not found",[20,109304,109305,109306,52097,109308,94],{},"If the value is not in the set, ",[15,109307,55130],{},[15,109309,19300],{},[30,109311,109313],{"className":32,"code":109312,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors.remove(\"yellow\")\n",[15,109314,109315,109347],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109316,109317,109319,109321,109323,109325,109327,109329,109331,109333,109335,109337,109339,109341,109343,109345],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109318,236],{"class":45},[39,109320,50],{"class":49},[39,109322,10103],{"class":53},[39,109324,244],{"class":243},[39,109326,248],{"class":247},[39,109328,244],{"class":243},[39,109330,61],{"class":53},[39,109332,255],{"class":243},[39,109334,258],{"class":247},[39,109336,244],{"class":243},[39,109338,61],{"class":53},[39,109340,255],{"class":243},[39,109342,275],{"class":247},[39,109344,244],{"class":243},[39,109346,8921],{"class":53},[39,109348,109349,109351,109353,109355,109357,109359,109361,109363],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109350,288],{"class":45},[39,109352,94],{"class":53},[39,109354,34409],{"class":97},[39,109356,101],{"class":53},[39,109358,244],{"class":243},[39,109360,325],{"class":247},[39,109362,244],{"class":243},[39,109364,80],{"class":53},[20,109366,109367],{},[3367,109368,109369],{},"Result:",[30,109371,109373],{"className":32,"code":109372,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"KeyError: 'yellow'\n",[15,109374,109375],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109376,109377,109379,109381,109383,109385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109378,19300],{"class":2523},[39,109380,145],{"class":53},[39,109382,2920],{"class":243},[39,109384,325],{"class":247},[39,109386,29312],{"class":243},[20,109388,21801,109389,109391],{},[15,109390,348],{}," is not in the set.",[20,109393,109394,109395,109397],{},"This behavior is useful when a missing value should be treated as a real problem. For example, if your program assumes the item must be there, ",[15,109396,55130],{}," helps you notice the mistake immediately.",[20,109399,109400,109401,94],{},"If your code is failing with this error, see ",[173,109402,10876],{"href":10687},[134,109404,3821,109406,109408,109409],{"id":109405},"how-remove-is-different-from-discard",[15,109407,55130],{}," is different from ",[15,109410,102447],{},[20,109412,109413,796,109415,109417],{},[15,109414,55130],{},[15,109416,102447],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the item is missing.",[223,109419,109420],{"id":34409},[15,109421,55130],{},[147,109423,109424,109427],{},[150,109425,109426],{},"Removes the item if it exists",[150,109428,109429],{},"Raises an error if the item is missing",[30,109431,109433],{"className":32,"code":109432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.remove(\"d\")\n",[15,109434,109435,109467],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109436,109437,109439,109441,109443,109445,109447,109449,109451,109453,109455,109457,109459,109461,109463,109465],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109438,1053],{"class":45},[39,109440,50],{"class":49},[39,109442,10103],{"class":53},[39,109444,244],{"class":243},[39,109446,173],{"class":247},[39,109448,244],{"class":243},[39,109450,61],{"class":53},[39,109452,255],{"class":243},[39,109454,1070],{"class":247},[39,109456,244],{"class":243},[39,109458,61],{"class":53},[39,109460,255],{"class":243},[39,109462,9352],{"class":247},[39,109464,244],{"class":243},[39,109466,8921],{"class":53},[39,109468,109469,109471,109473,109475,109477,109479,109481,109483],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109470,35757],{"class":45},[39,109472,94],{"class":53},[39,109474,34409],{"class":97},[39,109476,101],{"class":53},[39,109478,244],{"class":243},[39,109480,18380],{"class":247},[39,109482,244],{"class":243},[39,109484,80],{"class":53},[20,109486,108244],{},[30,109488,109490],{"className":32,"code":109489,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"KeyError: 'd'\n",[15,109491,109492],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109493,109494,109496,109498,109500,109502],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109495,19300],{"class":2523},[39,109497,145],{"class":53},[39,109499,2920],{"class":243},[39,109501,18380],{"class":247},[39,109503,29312],{"class":243},[223,109505,109506],{"id":102514},[15,109507,102447],{},[147,109509,109510,109512],{},[150,109511,109426],{},[150,109513,109514],{},"Does nothing if the item is missing",[30,109516,109518],{"className":32,"code":109517,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"}\nletters.discard(\"d\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,109519,109520,109552,109570],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109521,109522,109524,109526,109528,109530,109532,109534,109536,109538,109540,109542,109544,109546,109548,109550],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109523,1053],{"class":45},[39,109525,50],{"class":49},[39,109527,10103],{"class":53},[39,109529,244],{"class":243},[39,109531,173],{"class":247},[39,109533,244],{"class":243},[39,109535,61],{"class":53},[39,109537,255],{"class":243},[39,109539,1070],{"class":247},[39,109541,244],{"class":243},[39,109543,61],{"class":53},[39,109545,255],{"class":243},[39,109547,9352],{"class":247},[39,109549,244],{"class":243},[39,109551,8921],{"class":53},[39,109553,109554,109556,109558,109560,109562,109564,109566,109568],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109555,35757],{"class":45},[39,109557,94],{"class":53},[39,109559,102514],{"class":97},[39,109561,101],{"class":53},[39,109563,244],{"class":243},[39,109565,18380],{"class":247},[39,109567,244],{"class":243},[39,109569,80],{"class":53},[39,109571,109572,109574,109576,109578],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,109573,113],{"class":112},[39,109575,101],{"class":53},[39,109577,35757],{"class":97},[39,109579,80],{"class":53},[20,109581,109582],{},[3367,109583,458],{},[30,109585,109587],{"className":32,"code":109586,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a', 'b', 'c'}\n",[15,109588,109589],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109590,109591,109593,109595,109597,109599,109601,109603,109605,109607,109609,109611,109613,109615],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109592,8890],{"class":53},[39,109594,629],{"class":243},[39,109596,173],{"class":247},[39,109598,629],{"class":243},[39,109600,61],{"class":53},[39,109602,2920],{"class":243},[39,109604,1070],{"class":247},[39,109606,629],{"class":243},[39,109608,61],{"class":53},[39,109610,2920],{"class":243},[39,109612,9352],{"class":247},[39,109614,629],{"class":243},[39,109616,8921],{"class":53},[20,109618,18307],{},[147,109620,109621,109626],{},[150,109622,109623,109625],{},[15,109624,55130],{}," when missing values should be noticed",[150,109627,109628,109630],{},[15,109629,102447],{}," when you want to avoid errors",[20,109632,109633,109634,94],{},"If you want a full method reference, see ",[173,109635,96407,109636,1533],{"href":108047},[15,109637,102447],{},[134,109639,4141],{"id":4140},[223,109641,1030,109643,96787],{"id":109642},"expecting-remove-to-return-the-updated-set",[15,109644,55130],{},[20,109646,109647,109649,109650,94],{},[15,109648,55130],{}," changes the original set and returns ",[15,109651,3403],{},[20,109653,16256],{},[30,109655,109657],{"className":32,"code":109656,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\nnew_colors = colors.remove(\"blue\")\nprint(new_colors)\n",[15,109658,109659,109691,109713],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109660,109661,109663,109665,109667,109669,109671,109673,109675,109677,109679,109681,109683,109685,109687,109689],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109662,236],{"class":45},[39,109664,50],{"class":49},[39,109666,10103],{"class":53},[39,109668,244],{"class":243},[39,109670,248],{"class":247},[39,109672,244],{"class":243},[39,109674,61],{"class":53},[39,109676,255],{"class":243},[39,109678,258],{"class":247},[39,109680,244],{"class":243},[39,109682,61],{"class":53},[39,109684,255],{"class":243},[39,109686,275],{"class":247},[39,109688,244],{"class":243},[39,109690,8921],{"class":53},[39,109692,109693,109695,109697,109699,109701,109703,109705,109707,109709,109711],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109694,12728],{"class":45},[39,109696,50],{"class":49},[39,109698,12733],{"class":45},[39,109700,94],{"class":53},[39,109702,34409],{"class":97},[39,109704,101],{"class":53},[39,109706,244],{"class":243},[39,109708,258],{"class":247},[39,109710,244],{"class":243},[39,109712,80],{"class":53},[39,109714,109715,109717,109719,109721],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,109716,113],{"class":112},[39,109718,101],{"class":53},[39,109720,12752],{"class":97},[39,109722,80],{"class":53},[20,109724,109725],{},[3367,109726,458],{},[30,109728,109729],{"className":32,"code":11420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109730,109731],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109732,109733],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109734,11420],{"class":3477},[20,109736,16268],{},[30,109738,109739],{"className":32,"code":108950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,109740,109741,109773,109791],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109742,109743,109745,109747,109749,109751,109753,109755,109757,109759,109761,109763,109765,109767,109769,109771],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109744,236],{"class":45},[39,109746,50],{"class":49},[39,109748,10103],{"class":53},[39,109750,244],{"class":243},[39,109752,248],{"class":247},[39,109754,244],{"class":243},[39,109756,61],{"class":53},[39,109758,255],{"class":243},[39,109760,258],{"class":247},[39,109762,244],{"class":243},[39,109764,61],{"class":53},[39,109766,255],{"class":243},[39,109768,275],{"class":247},[39,109770,244],{"class":243},[39,109772,8921],{"class":53},[39,109774,109775,109777,109779,109781,109783,109785,109787,109789],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109776,288],{"class":45},[39,109778,94],{"class":53},[39,109780,34409],{"class":97},[39,109782,101],{"class":53},[39,109784,244],{"class":243},[39,109786,258],{"class":247},[39,109788,244],{"class":243},[39,109790,80],{"class":53},[39,109792,109793,109795,109797,109799],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,109794,113],{"class":112},[39,109796,101],{"class":53},[39,109798,288],{"class":97},[39,109800,80],{"class":53},[223,109802,109804],{"id":109803},"trying-to-remove-a-value-that-is-not-present","Trying to remove a value that is not present",[20,109806,109807,109808,94],{},"If the value is missing, you get a ",[15,109809,19300],{},[30,109811,109813],{"className":32,"code":109812,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109814,109815,109839],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109816,109817,109819,109821,109823,109825,109827,109829,109831,109833,109835,109837],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109818,236],{"class":45},[39,109820,50],{"class":49},[39,109822,10103],{"class":53},[39,109824,244],{"class":243},[39,109826,248],{"class":247},[39,109828,244],{"class":243},[39,109830,61],{"class":53},[39,109832,255],{"class":243},[39,109834,258],{"class":247},[39,109836,244],{"class":243},[39,109838,8921],{"class":53},[39,109840,109841,109843,109845,109847,109849,109851,109853,109855],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109842,288],{"class":45},[39,109844,94],{"class":53},[39,109846,34409],{"class":97},[39,109848,101],{"class":53},[39,109850,244],{"class":243},[39,109852,275],{"class":247},[39,109854,244],{"class":243},[39,109856,80],{"class":53},[20,109858,109859,109860,145],{},"To check first, you can use ",[15,109861,1128],{},[30,109863,109865],{"className":32,"code":109864,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\n\nif \"green\" in colors:\n    colors.remove(\"green\")\n",[15,109866,109867,109891,109895,109911],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,109868,109869,109871,109873,109875,109877,109879,109881,109883,109885,109887,109889],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,109870,236],{"class":45},[39,109872,50],{"class":49},[39,109874,10103],{"class":53},[39,109876,244],{"class":243},[39,109878,248],{"class":247},[39,109880,244],{"class":243},[39,109882,61],{"class":53},[39,109884,255],{"class":243},[39,109886,258],{"class":247},[39,109888,244],{"class":243},[39,109890,8921],{"class":53},[39,109892,109893],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,109894,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,109896,109897,109899,109901,109903,109905,109907,109909],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,109898,511],{"class":572},[39,109900,255],{"class":243},[39,109902,275],{"class":247},[39,109904,244],{"class":243},[39,109906,1149],{"class":49},[39,109908,12733],{"class":45},[39,109910,598],{"class":53},[39,109912,109913,109916,109918,109920,109922,109924,109926,109928],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,109914,109915],{"class":45},"    colors",[39,109917,94],{"class":53},[39,109919,34409],{"class":97},[39,109921,101],{"class":53},[39,109923,244],{"class":243},[39,109925,275],{"class":247},[39,109927,244],{"class":243},[39,109929,80],{"class":53},[20,109931,109932,109933,109937],{},"Or use ",[173,109934,109935],{"href":108047},[15,109936,102447],{}," if missing values are acceptable.",[223,109939,1160,109941,1163,109943],{"id":109940},"confusing-setremove-with-listremove",[15,109942,102461],{},[15,109944,54676],{},[20,109946,109947],{},"Sets do not store duplicates.",[20,109949,109950,109951,109953],{},"A list can contain repeated values, but a set cannot. That means ",[15,109952,102461],{}," removes a value from a collection where each item is unique.",[20,109955,109956,109957,94],{},"If you are working with lists and duplicates, you may also want to read ",[173,109958,98671],{"href":98670},[223,109960,109962],{"id":109961},"assuming-sets-keep-item-order","Assuming sets keep item order",[20,109964,107953],{},[20,109966,109967],{},"After removing an item, do not expect the remaining items to stay in a specific order when printed.",[134,109969,1454],{"id":1453},[223,109971,1468,109973,96886],{"id":109972},"does-setremove-return-a-new-set",[15,109974,102461],{},[20,109976,109977,109978,94],{},"No. It changes the original set and returns ",[15,109979,3403],{},[223,109981,29900,109983,109985],{"id":109982},"what-error-does-setremove-raise",[15,109984,102461],{}," raise?",[20,109987,29906,109988,109990],{},[15,109989,19300],{}," if the value is not in the set.",[223,109992,21032,109994,177,109996,929],{"id":109993},"should-i-use-remove-or-discard",[15,109995,55130],{},[15,109997,102447],{},[20,109999,128,110000,110002,110003,110005],{},[15,110001,55130],{}," when the item should exist. Use ",[15,110004,102447],{}," when missing items are acceptable.",[223,110007,1487,110009,110011],{"id":110008},"can-setremove-remove-multiple-items-at-once",[15,110010,102461],{}," remove multiple items at once?",[20,110013,110014],{},"No. It removes one item at a time. For multiple items, use a loop or another set operation.",[134,110016,1514],{"id":1513},[147,110018,110019,110025,110031,110035,110039],{},[150,110020,110021],{},[173,110022,96407,110023,1533],{"href":108047},[15,110024,102447],{},[150,110026,110027],{},[173,110028,96407,110029,1533],{"href":97807},[15,110030,12374],{},[150,110032,110033],{},[173,110034,96931],{"href":97476},[150,110036,110037],{},[173,110038,99937],{"href":98670},[150,110040,110041],{},[173,110042,10876],{"href":10687},[1550,110044,110045],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":110047},[110048,110049,110051,110052,110053,110054,110059,110067,110077],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":109050,"depth":83,"text":110050},"What set.remove() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":109301,"depth":83,"text":109302},{"id":109405,"depth":83,"text":110055,"children":110056},"How remove() is different from discard()",[110057,110058],{"id":34409,"depth":109,"text":55130},{"id":102514,"depth":109,"text":102447},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":110060},[110061,110063,110064,110066],{"id":109642,"depth":109,"text":110062},"Expecting remove() to return the updated set",{"id":109803,"depth":109,"text":109804},{"id":109940,"depth":109,"text":110065},"Confusing set.remove() with list.remove()",{"id":109961,"depth":109,"text":109962},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":110068},[110069,110071,110073,110075],{"id":109972,"depth":109,"text":110070},"Does set.remove() return a new set?",{"id":109982,"depth":109,"text":110072},"What error does set.remove() raise?",{"id":109993,"depth":109,"text":110074},"Should I use remove() or discard()?",{"id":110008,"depth":109,"text":110076},"Can set.remove() remove multiple items at once?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set remove method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method",{"title":108924,"description":110078},"reference\u002Fpython-set-remove-method","rqj96TKU47GbniERUcyXRFNr3Q0LLY8S8sJgEZ7LbL0",{"id":110085,"title":110086,"body":110087,"description":111460,"extension":1587,"meta":111461,"navigation":420,"path":111462,"seo":111463,"stem":111464,"__hash__":111465},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method.md","Python Set symmetric_difference() Method",{"type":7,"value":110088,"toc":111435},[110089,110095,110101,110104,110107,110121,110123,110204,110207,110212,110216,110230,110237,110239,110258,110261,110279,110281,110361,110363,110388,110392,110395,110403,110408,110413,110415,110428,110433,110436,110460,110463,110471,110473,110476,110573,110575,110608,110610,110636,110643,110646,110650,110658,110662,110670,110672,110762,110764,110778,110785,110790,110795,110797,110888,110890,110902,110904,110918,110924,110932,110934,111016,111018,111063,111066,111074,111077,111079,111083,111126,111128,111148,111153,111155,111240,111242,111247,111249,111256,111264,111270,111273,111275,111361,111363,111387,111391,111394,111396,111423,111433],[10,110090,95793,110092,18],{"id":110091},"python-set-symmetric_difference-method",[15,110093,110094],{},"symmetric_difference()",[20,110096,110097,110100],{},[15,110098,110099],{},"set.symmetric_difference()"," returns the values that appear in exactly one of two sets.",[20,110102,110103],{},"This is useful when you want to compare two sets and keep only the non-matching values.",[20,110105,110106],{},"Use it when:",[147,110108,110109,110112,110118],{},[150,110110,110111],{},"you want items in one set or the other",[150,110113,110114,110115,110117],{},"you do ",[3367,110116,4254],{}," want items that appear in both sets",[150,110119,110120],{},"you need a new set without changing the originals",[134,110122,3235],{"id":3234},[30,110124,110126],{"className":32,"code":110125,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = a.symmetric_difference(b)\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110127,110128,110148,110168,110172,110191],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110129,110130,110132,110134,110136,110138,110140,110142,110144,110146],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110131,2176],{"class":45},[39,110133,50],{"class":49},[39,110135,10103],{"class":53},[39,110137,58],{"class":57},[39,110139,61],{"class":53},[39,110141,64],{"class":57},[39,110143,61],{"class":53},[39,110145,73],{"class":57},[39,110147,8921],{"class":53},[39,110149,110150,110152,110154,110156,110158,110160,110162,110164,110166],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,110151,2204],{"class":45},[39,110153,50],{"class":49},[39,110155,10103],{"class":53},[39,110157,479],{"class":57},[39,110159,61],{"class":53},[39,110161,2080],{"class":57},[39,110163,61],{"class":53},[39,110165,4228],{"class":57},[39,110167,8921],{"class":53},[39,110169,110170],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,110171,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,110173,110174,110176,110178,110180,110182,110185,110187,110189],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,110175,86],{"class":45},[39,110177,50],{"class":49},[39,110179,56489],{"class":45},[39,110181,94],{"class":53},[39,110183,110184],{"class":97},"symmetric_difference",[39,110186,101],{"class":53},[39,110188,1070],{"class":97},[39,110190,80],{"class":53},[39,110192,110193,110195,110197,110199,110201],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,110194,113],{"class":112},[39,110196,101],{"class":53},[39,110198,118],{"class":97},[39,110200,121],{"class":53},[39,110202,110203],{"class":124},"  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[20,110205,110206],{},"Use this when you want values that are in one set or the other, but not in both.",[134,110208,137,110210,140],{"id":110209},"what-symmetric_difference-does",[15,110211,110094],{},[20,110213,110214,145],{},[15,110215,110099],{},[147,110217,110218,110221,110224,110227],{},[150,110219,110220],{},"returns a new set",[150,110222,110223],{},"keeps items that are in only one of the two sets",[150,110225,110226],{},"removes items that exist in both sets",[150,110228,110229],{},"does not change the original set",[20,110231,95917,110232,177,110234,94],{},[173,110233,95921],{"href":95920},[173,110235,110236],{"href":95924},"creating a set in Python",[134,110238,1781],{"id":1780},[30,110240,110242],{"className":32,"code":110241,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\n",[15,110243,110244],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110245,110246,110248,110250,110252,110254,110256],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110247,100178],{"class":45},[39,110249,94],{"class":53},[39,110251,110184],{"class":97},[39,110253,101],{"class":53},[39,110255,100187],{"class":97},[39,110257,80],{"class":53},[20,110259,110260],{},"Notes:",[147,110262,110263,110268,110273,110276],{},[150,110264,110265,110267],{},[15,110266,100178],{}," must be a set",[150,110269,110270,110272],{},[15,110271,100187],{}," can be any iterable",[150,110274,110275],{},"the result is always a set",[150,110277,110278],{},"the most common use is comparing two sets",[20,110280,515],{},[30,110282,110284],{"className":32,"code":110283,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.symmetric_difference(set2)\nprint(result)\n",[15,110285,110286,110307,110328,110332,110351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110287,110288,110291,110293,110295,110297,110299,110301,110303,110305],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110289,110290],{"class":45},"set1 ",[39,110292,50],{"class":49},[39,110294,10103],{"class":53},[39,110296,58],{"class":57},[39,110298,61],{"class":53},[39,110300,64],{"class":57},[39,110302,61],{"class":53},[39,110304,73],{"class":57},[39,110306,8921],{"class":53},[39,110308,110309,110312,110314,110316,110318,110320,110322,110324,110326],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,110310,110311],{"class":45},"set2 ",[39,110313,50],{"class":49},[39,110315,10103],{"class":53},[39,110317,479],{"class":57},[39,110319,61],{"class":53},[39,110321,2080],{"class":57},[39,110323,61],{"class":53},[39,110325,4228],{"class":57},[39,110327,8921],{"class":53},[39,110329,110330],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,110331,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,110333,110334,110336,110338,110341,110343,110345,110347,110349],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,110335,86],{"class":45},[39,110337,50],{"class":49},[39,110339,110340],{"class":45}," set1",[39,110342,94],{"class":53},[39,110344,110184],{"class":97},[39,110346,101],{"class":53},[39,110348,100187],{"class":97},[39,110350,80],{"class":53},[39,110352,110353,110355,110357,110359],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,110354,113],{"class":112},[39,110356,101],{"class":53},[39,110358,118],{"class":97},[39,110360,80],{"class":53},[20,110362,458],{},[30,110364,110366],{"className":32,"code":110365,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110367,110368],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110369,110370,110372,110374,110376,110378,110380,110382,110384,110386],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110371,8890],{"class":53},[39,110373,58],{"class":57},[39,110375,61],{"class":53},[39,110377,64],{"class":57},[39,110379,61],{"class":53},[39,110381,2080],{"class":57},[39,110383,61],{"class":53},[39,110385,4228],{"class":57},[39,110387,8921],{"class":53},[134,110389,110391],{"id":110390},"what-the-result-means","What the result means",[20,110393,110394],{},"The result includes:",[147,110396,110397,110400],{},[150,110398,110399],{},"items only in the first set",[150,110401,110402],{},"items only in the second set",[20,110404,110405,110406,10696],{},"The result does ",[3367,110407,4254],{},[147,110409,110410],{},[150,110411,110412],{},"items shared by both sets",[20,110414,5088],{},[147,110416,110417,110422],{},[150,110418,110419,110420],{},"first set: ",[15,110421,99875],{},[150,110423,110424,110425],{},"second set: ",[15,110426,110427],{},"{3, 4, 5}",[20,110429,3675,110430,110432],{},[15,110431,479],{}," is in both sets, so it is removed from the result.",[20,110434,110435],{},"The output is:",[30,110437,110438],{"className":32,"code":110365,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,110439,110440],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110441,110442,110444,110446,110448,110450,110452,110454,110456,110458],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110443,8890],{"class":53},[39,110445,58],{"class":57},[39,110447,61],{"class":53},[39,110449,64],{"class":57},[39,110451,61],{"class":53},[39,110453,2080],{"class":57},[39,110455,61],{"class":53},[39,110457,4228],{"class":57},[39,110459,8921],{"class":53},[20,110461,110462],{},"Also remember:",[147,110464,110465,110468],{},[150,110466,110467],{},"sets are unordered",[150,110469,110470],{},"Python does not guarantee the printed order of set items",[134,110472,355],{"id":354},[20,110474,110475],{},"Here is a small example with one shared value:",[30,110477,110479],{"className":32,"code":110478,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors1 = {\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"}\ncolors2 = {\"green\", \"yellow\"}\n\nresult = colors1.symmetric_difference(colors2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,110480,110481,110513,110537,110541,110559,110563],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110482,110483,110485,110487,110489,110491,110493,110495,110497,110499,110501,110503,110505,110507,110509,110511],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110484,106615],{"class":45},[39,110486,50],{"class":49},[39,110488,10103],{"class":53},[39,110490,244],{"class":243},[39,110492,248],{"class":247},[39,110494,244],{"class":243},[39,110496,61],{"class":53},[39,110498,255],{"class":243},[39,110500,258],{"class":247},[39,110502,244],{"class":243},[39,110504,61],{"class":53},[39,110506,255],{"class":243},[39,110508,275],{"class":247},[39,110510,244],{"class":243},[39,110512,8921],{"class":53},[39,110514,110515,110517,110519,110521,110523,110525,110527,110529,110531,110533,110535],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,110516,106648],{"class":45},[39,110518,50],{"class":49},[39,110520,10103],{"class":53},[39,110522,244],{"class":243},[39,110524,275],{"class":247},[39,110526,244],{"class":243},[39,110528,61],{"class":53},[39,110530,255],{"class":243},[39,110532,325],{"class":247},[39,110534,244],{"class":243},[39,110536,8921],{"class":53},[39,110538,110539],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,110540,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,110542,110543,110545,110547,110549,110551,110553,110555,110557],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,110544,86],{"class":45},[39,110546,50],{"class":49},[39,110548,106690],{"class":45},[39,110550,94],{"class":53},[39,110552,110184],{"class":97},[39,110554,101],{"class":53},[39,110556,106699],{"class":97},[39,110558,80],{"class":53},[39,110560,110561],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,110562,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,110564,110565,110567,110569,110571],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,110566,113],{"class":112},[39,110568,101],{"class":53},[39,110570,118],{"class":97},[39,110572,80],{"class":53},[20,110574,458],{},[30,110576,110578],{"className":32,"code":110577,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'red', 'blue', 'yellow'}\n",[15,110579,110580],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110581,110582,110584,110586,110588,110590,110592,110594,110596,110598,110600,110602,110604,110606],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110583,8890],{"class":53},[39,110585,629],{"class":243},[39,110587,248],{"class":247},[39,110589,629],{"class":243},[39,110591,61],{"class":53},[39,110593,2920],{"class":243},[39,110595,258],{"class":247},[39,110597,629],{"class":243},[39,110599,61],{"class":53},[39,110601,2920],{"class":243},[39,110603,325],{"class":247},[39,110605,629],{"class":243},[39,110607,8921],{"class":53},[20,110609,13019],{},[147,110611,110612,110617,110628],{},[150,110613,110614,110616],{},[15,110615,96086],{}," is in both sets, so it is excluded",[150,110618,110619,796,110621,110624,110625,110627],{},[15,110620,342],{},[15,110622,110623],{},"\"blue\""," are only in ",[15,110626,106752],{},", so they stay",[150,110629,110630,110632,110633,110635],{},[15,110631,348],{}," is only in ",[15,110634,106699],{},", so it stays",[134,110637,110639,10198,110641],{"id":110638},"symmetric_difference-vs-difference",[15,110640,110094],{},[15,110642,100007],{},[20,110644,110645],{},"These two methods are similar, but they do not do the same thing.",[20,110647,110648,145],{},[15,110649,100007],{},[147,110651,110652,110655],{},[150,110653,110654],{},"keeps items only from the first set",[150,110656,110657],{},"ignores unique items from the second set",[20,110659,110660,145],{},[15,110661,110094],{},[147,110663,110664,110667],{},[150,110665,110666],{},"keeps unique items from both sets",[150,110668,110669],{},"removes shared items",[20,110671,515],{},[30,110673,110675],{"className":32,"code":110674,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.difference(b))            # {1, 2}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110676,110677,110697,110717,110721,110742],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110678,110679,110681,110683,110685,110687,110689,110691,110693,110695],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110680,2176],{"class":45},[39,110682,50],{"class":49},[39,110684,10103],{"class":53},[39,110686,58],{"class":57},[39,110688,61],{"class":53},[39,110690,64],{"class":57},[39,110692,61],{"class":53},[39,110694,73],{"class":57},[39,110696,8921],{"class":53},[39,110698,110699,110701,110703,110705,110707,110709,110711,110713,110715],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,110700,2204],{"class":45},[39,110702,50],{"class":49},[39,110704,10103],{"class":53},[39,110706,479],{"class":57},[39,110708,61],{"class":53},[39,110710,2080],{"class":57},[39,110712,61],{"class":53},[39,110714,4228],{"class":57},[39,110716,8921],{"class":53},[39,110718,110719],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,110720,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,110722,110723,110725,110727,110729,110731,110733,110735,110737,110739],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,110724,113],{"class":112},[39,110726,101],{"class":53},[39,110728,173],{"class":97},[39,110730,94],{"class":53},[39,110732,2434],{"class":97},[39,110734,101],{"class":53},[39,110736,1070],{"class":97},[39,110738,303],{"class":53},[39,110740,110741],{"class":124},"            # {1, 2}\n",[39,110743,110744,110746,110748,110750,110752,110754,110756,110758,110760],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,110745,113],{"class":112},[39,110747,101],{"class":53},[39,110749,173],{"class":97},[39,110751,94],{"class":53},[39,110753,110184],{"class":97},[39,110755,101],{"class":53},[39,110757,1070],{"class":97},[39,110759,303],{"class":53},[39,110761,110203],{"class":124},[20,110763,18307],{},[147,110765,110766,110773],{},[150,110767,110768,110772],{},[173,110769,110770],{"href":102433},[15,110771,100007],{}," for a one-sided comparison",[150,110774,110775,110777],{},[15,110776,110094],{}," for a two-sided comparison",[134,110779,110781,10198,110783],{"id":110780},"symmetric_difference-vs-union",[15,110782,110094],{},[15,110784,102392],{},[20,110786,110787,110789],{},[15,110788,102392],{}," combines both sets.",[20,110791,110792,110794],{},[15,110793,110094],{}," only keeps non-shared values.",[20,110796,515],{},[30,110798,110800],{"className":32,"code":110799,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2, 3}\nb = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(a.union(b))                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(a.symmetric_difference(b))  # {1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,110801,110802,110822,110842,110846,110868],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110803,110804,110806,110808,110810,110812,110814,110816,110818,110820],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110805,2176],{"class":45},[39,110807,50],{"class":49},[39,110809,10103],{"class":53},[39,110811,58],{"class":57},[39,110813,61],{"class":53},[39,110815,64],{"class":57},[39,110817,61],{"class":53},[39,110819,73],{"class":57},[39,110821,8921],{"class":53},[39,110823,110824,110826,110828,110830,110832,110834,110836,110838,110840],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,110825,2204],{"class":45},[39,110827,50],{"class":49},[39,110829,10103],{"class":53},[39,110831,479],{"class":57},[39,110833,61],{"class":53},[39,110835,2080],{"class":57},[39,110837,61],{"class":53},[39,110839,4228],{"class":57},[39,110841,8921],{"class":53},[39,110843,110844],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,110845,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,110847,110848,110850,110852,110854,110856,110859,110861,110863,110865],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,110849,113],{"class":112},[39,110851,101],{"class":53},[39,110853,173],{"class":97},[39,110855,94],{"class":53},[39,110857,110858],{"class":97},"union",[39,110860,101],{"class":53},[39,110862,1070],{"class":97},[39,110864,303],{"class":53},[39,110866,110867],{"class":124},"                 # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[39,110869,110870,110872,110874,110876,110878,110880,110882,110884,110886],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,110871,113],{"class":112},[39,110873,101],{"class":53},[39,110875,173],{"class":97},[39,110877,94],{"class":53},[39,110879,110184],{"class":97},[39,110881,101],{"class":53},[39,110883,1070],{"class":97},[39,110885,303],{"class":53},[39,110887,110203],{"class":124},[20,110889,26833],{},[147,110891,110892,110897],{},[150,110893,110894,110896],{},[15,110895,102392],{}," includes everything",[150,110898,110899,110901],{},[15,110900,110094],{}," excludes values found in both sets",[20,110903,18307],{},[147,110905,110906,110913],{},[150,110907,110908,110912],{},[173,110909,110910],{"href":107320},[15,110911,102392],{}," when overlap does not matter",[150,110914,110915,110917],{},[15,110916,110094],{}," when you want non-matching values only",[134,110919,36226,110921,101191],{"id":110920},"using-the-operator",[15,110922,110923],{},"^",[20,110925,110926,110927,110929,110930,94],{},"For sets, the ",[15,110928,110923],{}," operator gives the same result as ",[15,110931,110094],{},[20,110933,515],{},[30,110935,110937],{"className":32,"code":110936,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\n",[15,110938,110939,110959,110979,110983,111001],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,110940,110941,110943,110945,110947,110949,110951,110953,110955,110957],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,110942,110290],{"class":45},[39,110944,50],{"class":49},[39,110946,10103],{"class":53},[39,110948,58],{"class":57},[39,110950,61],{"class":53},[39,110952,64],{"class":57},[39,110954,61],{"class":53},[39,110956,73],{"class":57},[39,110958,8921],{"class":53},[39,110960,110961,110963,110965,110967,110969,110971,110973,110975,110977],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,110962,110311],{"class":45},[39,110964,50],{"class":49},[39,110966,10103],{"class":53},[39,110968,479],{"class":57},[39,110970,61],{"class":53},[39,110972,2080],{"class":57},[39,110974,61],{"class":53},[39,110976,4228],{"class":57},[39,110978,8921],{"class":53},[39,110980,110981],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,110982,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,110984,110985,110987,110989,110991,110993,110995,110997,110999],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,110986,113],{"class":112},[39,110988,101],{"class":53},[39,110990,100178],{"class":97},[39,110992,94],{"class":53},[39,110994,110184],{"class":97},[39,110996,101],{"class":53},[39,110998,100187],{"class":97},[39,111000,1026],{"class":53},[39,111002,111003,111005,111007,111009,111011,111014],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,111004,113],{"class":112},[39,111006,101],{"class":53},[39,111008,110290],{"class":97},[39,111010,110923],{"class":49},[39,111012,111013],{"class":97}," set2",[39,111015,80],{"class":53},[20,111017,29642],{},[30,111019,111021],{"className":32,"code":111020,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 4, 5}\n{1, 2, 4, 5}\n",[15,111022,111023,111043],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111024,111025,111027,111029,111031,111033,111035,111037,111039,111041],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111026,8890],{"class":53},[39,111028,58],{"class":57},[39,111030,61],{"class":53},[39,111032,64],{"class":57},[39,111034,61],{"class":53},[39,111036,2080],{"class":57},[39,111038,61],{"class":53},[39,111040,4228],{"class":57},[39,111042,8921],{"class":53},[39,111044,111045,111047,111049,111051,111053,111055,111057,111059,111061],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,111046,8890],{"class":53},[39,111048,58],{"class":57},[39,111050,61],{"class":53},[39,111052,64],{"class":57},[39,111054,61],{"class":53},[39,111056,2080],{"class":57},[39,111058,61],{"class":53},[39,111060,4228],{"class":57},[39,111062,8921],{"class":53},[20,111064,111065],{},"Both forms:",[147,111067,111068,111071],{},[150,111069,111070],{},"return a new set",[150,111072,111073],{},"do not change the original sets",[20,111075,111076],{},"For beginners, the method form is often easier to read because the name explains what it does.",[134,111078,4141],{"id":4140},[20,111080,20823,111081,145],{},[15,111082,110094],{},[147,111084,111085,111093,111103,111118],{},[150,111086,111087,111090,111092],{},[3367,111088,111089],{},"Expecting sorted output",[1446,111091],{},"\nSets are unordered, so the result may print in a different order than you expect.",[150,111094,111095,111098,111100,111102],{},[3367,111096,111097],{},"Thinking the original set is changed",[1446,111099],{},[15,111101,110094],{}," returns a new set. It does not modify the original set.",[150,111104,111105,111110,111112,111114,111115,111117],{},[3367,111106,111107,111108],{},"Confusing it with ",[15,111109,100007],{},[1446,111111],{},[15,111113,100007],{}," only keeps items from the first set. ",[15,111116,110094],{}," keeps unique items from both sets.",[150,111119,111120,111123,111125],{},[3367,111121,111122],{},"Forgetting that sets remove duplicates",[1446,111124],{},"\nA set only stores unique values. If your original data has repeated values, they will appear only once.",[20,111127,58456],{},[147,111129,111130,111139,111142,111145],{},[150,111131,50098,111132,44236,111134,111138],{},[15,111133,110094],{},[173,111135,111136],{"href":107320},[15,111137,102392],{}," is actually needed",[150,111140,111141],{},"comparing lists instead of converting them to sets first",[150,111143,111144],{},"assuming repeated values will appear multiple times in the result",[150,111146,111147],{},"being confused by output order",[20,111149,111150,111151,94],{},"If you are starting with a list and want unique values first, see ",[173,111152,98671],{"href":104933},[20,111154,61886],{},[30,111156,111158],{"className":32,"code":111157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(set1)\nprint(set2)\nprint(set1.symmetric_difference(set2))\nprint(set1 ^ set2)\nprint(type(set1))\nprint(type(set2))\n",[15,111159,111160,111170,111180,111198,111212,111226],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111161,111162,111164,111166,111168],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111163,113],{"class":112},[39,111165,101],{"class":53},[39,111167,100178],{"class":97},[39,111169,80],{"class":53},[39,111171,111172,111174,111176,111178],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,111173,113],{"class":112},[39,111175,101],{"class":53},[39,111177,100187],{"class":97},[39,111179,80],{"class":53},[39,111181,111182,111184,111186,111188,111190,111192,111194,111196],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,111183,113],{"class":112},[39,111185,101],{"class":53},[39,111187,100178],{"class":97},[39,111189,94],{"class":53},[39,111191,110184],{"class":97},[39,111193,101],{"class":53},[39,111195,100187],{"class":97},[39,111197,1026],{"class":53},[39,111199,111200,111202,111204,111206,111208,111210],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,111201,113],{"class":112},[39,111203,101],{"class":53},[39,111205,110290],{"class":97},[39,111207,110923],{"class":49},[39,111209,111013],{"class":97},[39,111211,80],{"class":53},[39,111213,111214,111216,111218,111220,111222,111224],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,111215,113],{"class":112},[39,111217,101],{"class":53},[39,111219,2845],{"class":2523},[39,111221,101],{"class":53},[39,111223,100178],{"class":97},[39,111225,1026],{"class":53},[39,111227,111228,111230,111232,111234,111236,111238],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,111229,113],{"class":112},[39,111231,101],{"class":53},[39,111233,2845],{"class":2523},[39,111235,101],{"class":53},[39,111237,100187],{"class":97},[39,111239,1026],{"class":53},[134,111241,1454],{"id":1453},[223,111243,1468,111245,102332],{"id":111244},"does-symmetric_difference-change-the-original-set",[15,111246,110094],{},[20,111248,102335],{},[223,111250,1497,111252,796,111254,929],{"id":111251},"what-is-the-difference-between-symmetric_difference-and-difference",[15,111253,110094],{},[15,111255,100007],{},[20,111257,111258,111260,111261,111263],{},[15,111259,100007],{}," keeps items only from the first set. ",[15,111262,110094],{}," keeps items that appear in exactly one of the two sets.",[223,111265,27940,111267,111269],{"id":111266},"can-i-use-symmetric_difference-with-lists",[15,111268,110094],{}," with lists?",[20,111271,111272],{},"The method is for sets. Convert a list to a set first if needed.",[20,111274,515],{},[30,111276,111278],{"className":32,"code":111277,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list1 = [1, 2, 3]\nlist2 = [3, 4, 5]\n\nresult = set(list1).symmetric_difference(set(list2))\nprint(result)\n",[15,111279,111280,111300,111320,111324,111351],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111281,111282,111284,111286,111288,111290,111292,111294,111296,111298],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111283,80248],{"class":45},[39,111285,50],{"class":49},[39,111287,3249],{"class":53},[39,111289,58],{"class":57},[39,111291,61],{"class":53},[39,111293,64],{"class":57},[39,111295,61],{"class":53},[39,111297,73],{"class":57},[39,111299,3262],{"class":53},[39,111301,111302,111304,111306,111308,111310,111312,111314,111316,111318],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,111303,80269],{"class":45},[39,111305,50],{"class":49},[39,111307,3249],{"class":53},[39,111309,479],{"class":57},[39,111311,61],{"class":53},[39,111313,2080],{"class":57},[39,111315,61],{"class":53},[39,111317,4228],{"class":57},[39,111319,3262],{"class":53},[39,111321,111322],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,111323,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,111325,111326,111328,111330,111332,111334,111337,111339,111341,111343,111345,111347,111349],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,111327,86],{"class":45},[39,111329,50],{"class":49},[39,111331,15245],{"class":2523},[39,111333,101],{"class":53},[39,111335,111336],{"class":97},"list1",[39,111338,8245],{"class":53},[39,111340,110184],{"class":97},[39,111342,101],{"class":53},[39,111344,5902],{"class":2523},[39,111346,101],{"class":53},[39,111348,80535],{"class":97},[39,111350,1026],{"class":53},[39,111352,111353,111355,111357,111359],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,111354,113],{"class":112},[39,111356,101],{"class":53},[39,111358,118],{"class":97},[39,111360,80],{"class":53},[20,111362,458],{},[30,111364,111365],{"className":32,"code":110365,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,111366,111367],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111368,111369,111371,111373,111375,111377,111379,111381,111383,111385],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111370,8890],{"class":53},[39,111372,58],{"class":57},[39,111374,61],{"class":53},[39,111376,64],{"class":57},[39,111378,61],{"class":53},[39,111380,2080],{"class":57},[39,111382,61],{"class":53},[39,111384,4228],{"class":57},[39,111386,8921],{"class":53},[223,111388,111390],{"id":111389},"why-does-the-output-order-look-random","Why does the output order look random?",[20,111392,111393],{},"Sets are unordered, so Python does not guarantee item order.",[134,111395,1514],{"id":1513},[147,111397,111398,111402,111407,111413,111419],{},[150,111399,111400],{},[173,111401,95921],{"href":95920},[150,111403,111404],{},[173,111405,111406],{"href":95924},"Creating a set in Python",[150,111408,111409],{},[173,111410,96407,111411,1533],{"href":102433},[15,111412,100007],{},[150,111414,111415],{},[173,111416,96407,111417,1533],{"href":107320},[15,111418,102392],{},[150,111420,111421],{},[173,111422,99937],{"href":104933},[20,111424,111425,111426,1814,111428,16685,111430,111432],{},"If you are learning set methods, compare ",[15,111427,100007],{},[15,111429,102392],{},[15,111431,110094],{}," side by side. That makes it much easier to choose the right one for real tasks.",[1550,111434,56843],{},{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":111436},[111437,111438,111440,111441,111442,111443,111445,111447,111449,111450,111459],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":110209,"depth":83,"text":111439},"What symmetric_difference() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":110390,"depth":83,"text":110391},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":110638,"depth":83,"text":111444},"symmetric_difference() vs difference()",{"id":110780,"depth":83,"text":111446},"symmetric_difference() vs union()",{"id":110920,"depth":83,"text":111448},"Using the ^ operator",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":111451},[111452,111454,111456,111458],{"id":111244,"depth":109,"text":111453},"Does symmetric_difference() change the original set?",{"id":111251,"depth":109,"text":111455},"What is the difference between symmetric_difference() and difference()?",{"id":111266,"depth":109,"text":111457},"Can I use symmetric_difference() with lists?",{"id":111389,"depth":109,"text":111390},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set symmetric_difference method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method",{"title":110086,"description":111460},"reference\u002Fpython-set-symmetric_difference-method","lpKe_do_U0RkRSxaS1njn8pocrqwUs1i7_KsXGGWZm4",{"id":111467,"title":111468,"body":111469,"description":113532,"extension":1587,"meta":113533,"navigation":420,"path":107320,"seo":113534,"stem":113535,"__hash__":113536},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-union-method.md","Python Set union() Method",{"type":7,"value":111470,"toc":113491},[111471,111476,111481,111484,111497,111499,111581,111586,111591,111595,111607,111610,111614,111616,111643,111645,111656,111659,111728,111730,111736,111739,111749,111751,111840,111845,111847,111854,111857,111859,111862,111982,111984,112053,112056,112073,112078,112081,112197,112199,112228,112231,112237,112242,112246,112327,112329,112357,112362,112366,112461,112463,112504,112508,112511,112578,112580,112621,112627,112642,112649,112656,112660,112666,112752,112756,112764,112835,112840,112847,112849,112855,112857,112922,112924,112940,112945,112948,113017,113021,113024,113083,113086,113090,113143,113156,113159,113212,113216,113218,113249,113252,113257,113310,113314,113317,113338,113350,113352,113405,113407,113412,113414,113420,113423,113429,113434,113438,113441,113449,113458,113460,113488],[10,111472,3202,111474,18],{"id":111473},"python-setunion-method",[15,111475,107633],{},[20,111477,111478,111480],{},[15,111479,107633],{}," combines items from one set with items from one or more other iterables.",[20,111482,111483],{},"It is useful when you want:",[147,111485,111486,111489,111494],{},[150,111487,111488],{},"all unique values from multiple collections",[150,111490,2176,111491,111493],{},[3367,111492,100362],{}," as the result",[150,111495,111496],{},"to keep the original set unchanged",[134,111498,1629],{"id":1628},[30,111500,111502],{"className":32,"code":111501,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1 = {1, 2, 3}\nset2 = {3, 4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2)\nprint(result)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,111503,111504,111524,111544,111548,111566,111576],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111505,111506,111508,111510,111512,111514,111516,111518,111520,111522],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111507,110290],{"class":45},[39,111509,50],{"class":49},[39,111511,10103],{"class":53},[39,111513,58],{"class":57},[39,111515,61],{"class":53},[39,111517,64],{"class":57},[39,111519,61],{"class":53},[39,111521,73],{"class":57},[39,111523,8921],{"class":53},[39,111525,111526,111528,111530,111532,111534,111536,111538,111540,111542],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,111527,110311],{"class":45},[39,111529,50],{"class":49},[39,111531,10103],{"class":53},[39,111533,479],{"class":57},[39,111535,61],{"class":53},[39,111537,2080],{"class":57},[39,111539,61],{"class":53},[39,111541,4228],{"class":57},[39,111543,8921],{"class":53},[39,111545,111546],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,111547,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,111549,111550,111552,111554,111556,111558,111560,111562,111564],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,111551,86],{"class":45},[39,111553,50],{"class":49},[39,111555,110340],{"class":45},[39,111557,94],{"class":53},[39,111559,110858],{"class":97},[39,111561,101],{"class":53},[39,111563,100187],{"class":97},[39,111565,80],{"class":53},[39,111567,111568,111570,111572,111574],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,111569,113],{"class":112},[39,111571,101],{"class":53},[39,111573,118],{"class":97},[39,111575,80],{"class":53},[39,111577,111578],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,111579,111580],{"class":124},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[20,111582,111583,111585],{},[15,111584,102392],{}," returns a new set containing all unique items from both sets.",[134,111587,137,111589,140],{"id":111588},"what-setunion-does",[15,111590,107633],{},[20,111592,111593,145],{},[15,111594,107633],{},[147,111596,111597,111600,111603,111605],{},[150,111598,111599],{},"combines items from one set and one or more other iterables",[150,111601,111602],{},"keeps only unique values",[150,111604,110220],{},[150,111606,110229],{},[20,111608,111609],{},"If the same value appears more than once, it will appear only once in the result.",[20,111611,95917,111612,94],{},[173,111613,95921],{"href":97092},[134,111615,1781],{"id":1780},[30,111617,111619],{"className":32,"code":111618,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1.union(set2, set3, ...)\n",[15,111620,111621],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111622,111623,111625,111627,111629,111631,111633,111635,111637,111639,111641],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111624,100178],{"class":45},[39,111626,94],{"class":53},[39,111628,110858],{"class":97},[39,111630,101],{"class":53},[39,111632,100187],{"class":97},[39,111634,61],{"class":53},[39,111636,100214],{"class":97},[39,111638,61],{"class":53},[39,111640,34068],{"class":112},[39,111642,80],{"class":53},[20,111644,12664],{},[147,111646,111647,111650,111653],{},[150,111648,111649],{},"You can pass one or more arguments.",[150,111651,111652],{},"Each argument can be a set or another iterable.",[150,111654,111655],{},"The method returns a new set with all unique items.",[20,111657,111658],{},"Example with two sets:",[30,111660,111662],{"className":32,"code":111661,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\nprint(result)\n",[15,111663,111664,111680,111696,111700,111718],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111665,111666,111668,111670,111672,111674,111676,111678],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111667,2176],{"class":45},[39,111669,50],{"class":49},[39,111671,10103],{"class":53},[39,111673,58],{"class":57},[39,111675,61],{"class":53},[39,111677,64],{"class":57},[39,111679,8921],{"class":53},[39,111681,111682,111684,111686,111688,111690,111692,111694],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,111683,2204],{"class":45},[39,111685,50],{"class":49},[39,111687,10103],{"class":53},[39,111689,104],{"class":57},[39,111691,61],{"class":53},[39,111693,73],{"class":57},[39,111695,8921],{"class":53},[39,111697,111698],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,111699,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,111701,111702,111704,111706,111708,111710,111712,111714,111716],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,111703,86],{"class":45},[39,111705,50],{"class":49},[39,111707,56489],{"class":45},[39,111709,94],{"class":53},[39,111711,110858],{"class":97},[39,111713,101],{"class":53},[39,111715,1070],{"class":97},[39,111717,80],{"class":53},[39,111719,111720,111722,111724,111726],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,111721,113],{"class":112},[39,111723,101],{"class":53},[39,111725,118],{"class":97},[39,111727,80],{"class":53},[134,111729,21582],{"id":21581},[20,111731,111732,100359,111734,94],{},[15,111733,107633],{},[3367,111735,100362],{},[20,111737,111738],{},"That returned set contains every unique item found in:",[147,111740,111741,111744],{},[150,111742,111743],{},"the original set",[150,111745,111746,111747],{},"all arguments passed to ",[15,111748,102392],{},[20,111750,515],{},[30,111752,111754],{"className":32,"code":111753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nresult = a.union(b)\n\nprint(result)  # {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)       # {1, 2}\n",[15,111755,111756,111772,111788,111792,111810,111814,111827],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111757,111758,111760,111762,111764,111766,111768,111770],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111759,2176],{"class":45},[39,111761,50],{"class":49},[39,111763,10103],{"class":53},[39,111765,58],{"class":57},[39,111767,61],{"class":53},[39,111769,64],{"class":57},[39,111771,8921],{"class":53},[39,111773,111774,111776,111778,111780,111782,111784,111786],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,111775,2204],{"class":45},[39,111777,50],{"class":49},[39,111779,10103],{"class":53},[39,111781,104],{"class":57},[39,111783,61],{"class":53},[39,111785,73],{"class":57},[39,111787,8921],{"class":53},[39,111789,111790],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,111791,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,111793,111794,111796,111798,111800,111802,111804,111806,111808],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,111795,86],{"class":45},[39,111797,50],{"class":49},[39,111799,56489],{"class":45},[39,111801,94],{"class":53},[39,111803,110858],{"class":97},[39,111805,101],{"class":53},[39,111807,1070],{"class":97},[39,111809,80],{"class":53},[39,111811,111812],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,111813,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,111815,111816,111818,111820,111822,111824],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,111817,113],{"class":112},[39,111819,101],{"class":53},[39,111821,118],{"class":97},[39,111823,121],{"class":53},[39,111825,111826],{"class":124},"  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[39,111828,111829,111831,111833,111835,111837],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,111830,113],{"class":112},[39,111832,101],{"class":53},[39,111834,173],{"class":97},[39,111836,121],{"class":53},[39,111838,111839],{"class":124},"       # {1, 2}\n",[20,111841,1910,111842,111844],{},[15,111843,173],{}," did not change.",[20,111846,110462],{},[147,111848,111849,111851],{},[150,111850,110467],{},[150,111852,111853],{},"printed output order is not guaranteed",[20,111855,111856],{},"So you may see the same values in a different order.",[134,111858,355],{"id":354},[20,111860,111861],{},"Here is a basic example with overlapping values:",[30,111863,111865],{"className":32,"code":111864,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits1 = {\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"}\nfruits2 = {\"banana\", \"grape\", \"orange\"}\n\nresult = fruits1.union(fruits2)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(fruits1)\n",[15,111866,111867,111900,111933,111937,111957,111961,111971],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111868,111869,111872,111874,111876,111878,111880,111882,111884,111886,111888,111890,111892,111894,111896,111898],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111870,111871],{"class":45},"fruits1 ",[39,111873,50],{"class":49},[39,111875,10103],{"class":53},[39,111877,244],{"class":243},[39,111879,377],{"class":247},[39,111881,244],{"class":243},[39,111883,61],{"class":53},[39,111885,255],{"class":243},[39,111887,386],{"class":247},[39,111889,244],{"class":243},[39,111891,61],{"class":53},[39,111893,255],{"class":243},[39,111895,403],{"class":247},[39,111897,244],{"class":243},[39,111899,8921],{"class":53},[39,111901,111902,111905,111907,111909,111911,111913,111915,111917,111919,111921,111923,111925,111927,111929,111931],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,111903,111904],{"class":45},"fruits2 ",[39,111906,50],{"class":49},[39,111908,10103],{"class":53},[39,111910,244],{"class":243},[39,111912,386],{"class":247},[39,111914,244],{"class":243},[39,111916,61],{"class":53},[39,111918,255],{"class":243},[39,111920,22144],{"class":247},[39,111922,244],{"class":243},[39,111924,61],{"class":53},[39,111926,255],{"class":243},[39,111928,403],{"class":247},[39,111930,244],{"class":243},[39,111932,8921],{"class":53},[39,111934,111935],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,111936,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,111938,111939,111941,111943,111946,111948,111950,111952,111955],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,111940,86],{"class":45},[39,111942,50],{"class":49},[39,111944,111945],{"class":45}," fruits1",[39,111947,94],{"class":53},[39,111949,110858],{"class":97},[39,111951,101],{"class":53},[39,111953,111954],{"class":97},"fruits2",[39,111956,80],{"class":53},[39,111958,111959],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,111960,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,111962,111963,111965,111967,111969],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,111964,113],{"class":112},[39,111966,101],{"class":53},[39,111968,118],{"class":97},[39,111970,80],{"class":53},[39,111972,111973,111975,111977,111980],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,111974,113],{"class":112},[39,111976,101],{"class":53},[39,111978,111979],{"class":97},"fruits1",[39,111981,80],{"class":53},[20,111983,29642],{},[30,111985,111987],{"className":32,"code":111986,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'banana', 'orange', 'apple', 'grape'}\n{'banana', 'orange', 'apple'}\n",[15,111988,111989,112025],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,111990,111991,111993,111995,111997,111999,112001,112003,112005,112007,112009,112011,112013,112015,112017,112019,112021,112023],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,111992,8890],{"class":53},[39,111994,629],{"class":243},[39,111996,386],{"class":247},[39,111998,629],{"class":243},[39,112000,61],{"class":53},[39,112002,2920],{"class":243},[39,112004,403],{"class":247},[39,112006,629],{"class":243},[39,112008,61],{"class":53},[39,112010,2920],{"class":243},[39,112012,377],{"class":247},[39,112014,629],{"class":243},[39,112016,61],{"class":53},[39,112018,2920],{"class":243},[39,112020,22144],{"class":247},[39,112022,629],{"class":243},[39,112024,8921],{"class":53},[39,112026,112027,112029,112031,112033,112035,112037,112039,112041,112043,112045,112047,112049,112051],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112028,8890],{"class":53},[39,112030,629],{"class":243},[39,112032,386],{"class":247},[39,112034,629],{"class":243},[39,112036,61],{"class":53},[39,112038,2920],{"class":243},[39,112040,403],{"class":247},[39,112042,629],{"class":243},[39,112044,61],{"class":53},[39,112046,2920],{"class":243},[39,112048,377],{"class":247},[39,112050,629],{"class":243},[39,112052,8921],{"class":53},[20,112054,112055],{},"What this shows:",[147,112057,112058,112065,112068],{},[150,112059,112060,796,112062,112064],{},[15,112061,64866],{},[15,112063,65292],{}," appear in both sets",[150,112066,112067],{},"they appear only once in the result",[150,112069,112070,112072],{},[15,112071,111979],{}," stays unchanged",[134,112074,948,112076,100751],{"id":112075},"using-union-with-multiple-sets",[15,112077,102392],{},[20,112079,112080],{},"You can combine three or more sets in one call.",[30,112082,112084],{"className":32,"code":112083,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set1 = {1, 2}\nset2 = {2, 3}\nset3 = {3, 4}\nset4 = {4, 5}\n\nresult = set1.union(set2, set3, set4)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112085,112086,112102,112118,112135,112152,112156,112183,112187],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112087,112088,112090,112092,112094,112096,112098,112100],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112089,110290],{"class":45},[39,112091,50],{"class":49},[39,112093,10103],{"class":53},[39,112095,58],{"class":57},[39,112097,61],{"class":53},[39,112099,64],{"class":57},[39,112101,8921],{"class":53},[39,112103,112104,112106,112108,112110,112112,112114,112116],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112105,110311],{"class":45},[39,112107,50],{"class":49},[39,112109,10103],{"class":53},[39,112111,104],{"class":57},[39,112113,61],{"class":53},[39,112115,73],{"class":57},[39,112117,8921],{"class":53},[39,112119,112120,112123,112125,112127,112129,112131,112133],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,112121,112122],{"class":45},"set3 ",[39,112124,50],{"class":49},[39,112126,10103],{"class":53},[39,112128,479],{"class":57},[39,112130,61],{"class":53},[39,112132,2080],{"class":57},[39,112134,8921],{"class":53},[39,112136,112137,112140,112142,112144,112146,112148,112150],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,112138,112139],{"class":45},"set4 ",[39,112141,50],{"class":49},[39,112143,10103],{"class":53},[39,112145,1333],{"class":57},[39,112147,61],{"class":53},[39,112149,4228],{"class":57},[39,112151,8921],{"class":53},[39,112153,112154],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,112155,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112157,112158,112160,112162,112164,112166,112168,112170,112172,112174,112176,112178,112181],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,112159,86],{"class":45},[39,112161,50],{"class":49},[39,112163,110340],{"class":45},[39,112165,94],{"class":53},[39,112167,110858],{"class":97},[39,112169,101],{"class":53},[39,112171,100187],{"class":97},[39,112173,61],{"class":53},[39,112175,100214],{"class":97},[39,112177,61],{"class":53},[39,112179,112180],{"class":97}," set4",[39,112182,80],{"class":53},[39,112184,112185],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,112186,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112188,112189,112191,112193,112195],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,112190,113],{"class":112},[39,112192,101],{"class":53},[39,112194,118],{"class":97},[39,112196,80],{"class":53},[20,112198,29642],{},[30,112200,112202],{"className":32,"code":112201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,112203,112204],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112205,112206,112208,112210,112212,112214,112216,112218,112220,112222,112224,112226],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112207,8890],{"class":53},[39,112209,58],{"class":57},[39,112211,61],{"class":53},[39,112213,64],{"class":57},[39,112215,61],{"class":53},[39,112217,73],{"class":57},[39,112219,61],{"class":53},[39,112221,2080],{"class":57},[39,112223,61],{"class":53},[39,112225,4228],{"class":57},[39,112227,8921],{"class":53},[20,112229,112230],{},"This is useful when collecting unique values from many sources.",[134,112232,948,112234,112236],{"id":112233},"using-union-with-other-iterables",[15,112235,102392],{}," with other iterables",[20,112238,112239,112241],{},[15,112240,102392],{}," does not only work with sets. It also accepts other iterables such as lists and tuples.",[223,112243,112245],{"id":112244},"with-a-list","With a list",[30,112247,112249],{"className":32,"code":112248,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2, 3}\nmore_numbers = [3, 4, 5, 5]\n\nresult = numbers.union(more_numbers)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112250,112251,112271,112295,112299,112317],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112252,112253,112255,112257,112259,112261,112263,112265,112267,112269],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112254,46],{"class":45},[39,112256,50],{"class":49},[39,112258,10103],{"class":53},[39,112260,58],{"class":57},[39,112262,61],{"class":53},[39,112264,64],{"class":57},[39,112266,61],{"class":53},[39,112268,73],{"class":57},[39,112270,8921],{"class":53},[39,112272,112273,112275,112277,112279,112281,112283,112285,112287,112289,112291,112293],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112274,60638],{"class":45},[39,112276,50],{"class":49},[39,112278,3249],{"class":53},[39,112280,479],{"class":57},[39,112282,61],{"class":53},[39,112284,2080],{"class":57},[39,112286,61],{"class":53},[39,112288,4228],{"class":57},[39,112290,61],{"class":53},[39,112292,4228],{"class":57},[39,112294,3262],{"class":53},[39,112296,112297],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,112298,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112300,112301,112303,112305,112307,112309,112311,112313,112315],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,112302,86],{"class":45},[39,112304,50],{"class":49},[39,112306,91],{"class":45},[39,112308,94],{"class":53},[39,112310,110858],{"class":97},[39,112312,101],{"class":53},[39,112314,60667],{"class":97},[39,112316,80],{"class":53},[39,112318,112319,112321,112323,112325],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,112320,113],{"class":112},[39,112322,101],{"class":53},[39,112324,118],{"class":97},[39,112326,80],{"class":53},[20,112328,29642],{},[30,112330,112331],{"className":32,"code":112201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,112332,112333],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112334,112335,112337,112339,112341,112343,112345,112347,112349,112351,112353,112355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112336,8890],{"class":53},[39,112338,58],{"class":57},[39,112340,61],{"class":53},[39,112342,64],{"class":57},[39,112344,61],{"class":53},[39,112346,73],{"class":57},[39,112348,61],{"class":53},[39,112350,2080],{"class":57},[39,112352,61],{"class":53},[39,112354,4228],{"class":57},[39,112356,8921],{"class":53},[20,112358,20590,112359,112361],{},[15,112360,1376],{}," appears twice in the list, it appears only once in the result.",[223,112363,112365],{"id":112364},"with-a-tuple","With a tuple",[30,112367,112369],{"className":32,"code":112368,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nmore_letters = (\"b\", \"c\", \"d\")\n\nresult = letters.union(more_letters)\nprint(result)\n",[15,112370,112371,112395,112428,112432,112451],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112372,112373,112375,112377,112379,112381,112383,112385,112387,112389,112391,112393],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112374,1053],{"class":45},[39,112376,50],{"class":49},[39,112378,10103],{"class":53},[39,112380,244],{"class":243},[39,112382,173],{"class":247},[39,112384,244],{"class":243},[39,112386,61],{"class":53},[39,112388,255],{"class":243},[39,112390,1070],{"class":247},[39,112392,244],{"class":243},[39,112394,8921],{"class":53},[39,112396,112397,112400,112402,112404,112406,112408,112410,112412,112414,112416,112418,112420,112422,112424,112426],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112398,112399],{"class":45},"more_letters ",[39,112401,50],{"class":49},[39,112403,54],{"class":53},[39,112405,244],{"class":243},[39,112407,1070],{"class":247},[39,112409,244],{"class":243},[39,112411,61],{"class":53},[39,112413,255],{"class":243},[39,112415,9352],{"class":247},[39,112417,244],{"class":243},[39,112419,61],{"class":53},[39,112421,255],{"class":243},[39,112423,18380],{"class":247},[39,112425,244],{"class":243},[39,112427,80],{"class":53},[39,112429,112430],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,112431,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112433,112434,112436,112438,112440,112442,112444,112446,112449],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,112435,86],{"class":45},[39,112437,50],{"class":49},[39,112439,1091],{"class":45},[39,112441,94],{"class":53},[39,112443,110858],{"class":97},[39,112445,101],{"class":53},[39,112447,112448],{"class":97},"more_letters",[39,112450,80],{"class":53},[39,112452,112453,112455,112457,112459],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,112454,113],{"class":112},[39,112456,101],{"class":53},[39,112458,118],{"class":97},[39,112460,80],{"class":53},[20,112462,29642],{},[30,112464,112466],{"className":32,"code":112465,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd'}\n",[15,112467,112468],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112469,112470,112472,112474,112476,112478,112480,112482,112484,112486,112488,112490,112492,112494,112496,112498,112500,112502],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112471,8890],{"class":53},[39,112473,629],{"class":243},[39,112475,173],{"class":247},[39,112477,629],{"class":243},[39,112479,61],{"class":53},[39,112481,2920],{"class":243},[39,112483,1070],{"class":247},[39,112485,629],{"class":243},[39,112487,61],{"class":53},[39,112489,2920],{"class":243},[39,112491,9352],{"class":247},[39,112493,629],{"class":243},[39,112495,61],{"class":53},[39,112497,2920],{"class":243},[39,112499,18380],{"class":247},[39,112501,629],{"class":243},[39,112503,8921],{"class":53},[223,112505,112507],{"id":112506},"with-a-string","With a string",[20,112509,112510],{},"A string is treated as an iterable of individual characters.",[30,112512,112514],{"className":32,"code":112513,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"chars = {\"a\", \"b\"}\nresult = chars.union(\"cat\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,112515,112516,112541,112564,112568],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112517,112518,112521,112523,112525,112527,112529,112531,112533,112535,112537,112539],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112519,112520],{"class":45},"chars ",[39,112522,50],{"class":49},[39,112524,10103],{"class":53},[39,112526,244],{"class":243},[39,112528,173],{"class":247},[39,112530,244],{"class":243},[39,112532,61],{"class":53},[39,112534,255],{"class":243},[39,112536,1070],{"class":247},[39,112538,244],{"class":243},[39,112540,8921],{"class":53},[39,112542,112543,112545,112547,112550,112552,112554,112556,112558,112560,112562],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112544,86],{"class":45},[39,112546,50],{"class":49},[39,112548,112549],{"class":45}," chars",[39,112551,94],{"class":53},[39,112553,110858],{"class":97},[39,112555,101],{"class":53},[39,112557,244],{"class":243},[39,112559,839],{"class":247},[39,112561,244],{"class":243},[39,112563,80],{"class":53},[39,112565,112566],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,112567,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112569,112570,112572,112574,112576],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,112571,113],{"class":112},[39,112573,101],{"class":53},[39,112575,118],{"class":97},[39,112577,80],{"class":53},[20,112579,29642],{},[30,112581,112583],{"className":32,"code":112582,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'a', 'b', 'c', 't'}\n",[15,112584,112585],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112586,112587,112589,112591,112593,112595,112597,112599,112601,112603,112605,112607,112609,112611,112613,112615,112617,112619],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112588,8890],{"class":53},[39,112590,629],{"class":243},[39,112592,173],{"class":247},[39,112594,629],{"class":243},[39,112596,61],{"class":53},[39,112598,2920],{"class":243},[39,112600,1070],{"class":247},[39,112602,629],{"class":243},[39,112604,61],{"class":53},[39,112606,2920],{"class":243},[39,112608,9352],{"class":247},[39,112610,629],{"class":243},[39,112612,61],{"class":53},[39,112614,2920],{"class":243},[39,112616,62878],{"class":247},[39,112618,629],{"class":243},[39,112620,8921],{"class":53},[20,112622,21801,112623,112626],{},[15,112624,112625],{},"\"cat\""," is processed as:",[147,112628,112629,112633,112637],{},[150,112630,112631],{},[15,112632,66072],{},[150,112634,112635],{},[15,112636,17708],{},[150,112638,112639],{},[15,112640,112641],{},"\"t\"",[134,112643,112645,10198,112647],{"id":112644},"union-vs-update",[15,112646,102392],{},[15,112648,14565],{},[20,112650,112651,796,112653,112655],{},[15,112652,102392],{},[15,112654,14565],{}," are similar, but they behave differently.",[223,112657,112658],{"id":110858},[15,112659,102392],{},[147,112661,112662,112664],{},[150,112663,110220],{},[150,112665,110229],{},[30,112667,112668],{"className":32,"code":111753,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,112669,112670,112686,112702,112706,112724,112728,112740],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112671,112672,112674,112676,112678,112680,112682,112684],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112673,2176],{"class":45},[39,112675,50],{"class":49},[39,112677,10103],{"class":53},[39,112679,58],{"class":57},[39,112681,61],{"class":53},[39,112683,64],{"class":57},[39,112685,8921],{"class":53},[39,112687,112688,112690,112692,112694,112696,112698,112700],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112689,2204],{"class":45},[39,112691,50],{"class":49},[39,112693,10103],{"class":53},[39,112695,104],{"class":57},[39,112697,61],{"class":53},[39,112699,73],{"class":57},[39,112701,8921],{"class":53},[39,112703,112704],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,112705,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112707,112708,112710,112712,112714,112716,112718,112720,112722],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,112709,86],{"class":45},[39,112711,50],{"class":49},[39,112713,56489],{"class":45},[39,112715,94],{"class":53},[39,112717,110858],{"class":97},[39,112719,101],{"class":53},[39,112721,1070],{"class":97},[39,112723,80],{"class":53},[39,112725,112726],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,112727,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112729,112730,112732,112734,112736,112738],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,112731,113],{"class":112},[39,112733,101],{"class":53},[39,112735,118],{"class":97},[39,112737,121],{"class":53},[39,112739,111826],{"class":124},[39,112741,112742,112744,112746,112748,112750],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,112743,113],{"class":112},[39,112745,101],{"class":53},[39,112747,173],{"class":97},[39,112749,121],{"class":53},[39,112751,111839],{"class":124},[223,112753,112754],{"id":30077},[15,112755,14565],{},[147,112757,112758,112761],{},[150,112759,112760],{},"changes the existing set in place",[150,112762,112763],{},"does not create a separate result set",[30,112765,112767],{"className":32,"code":112766,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\n\nprint(a)  # {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,112768,112769,112785,112801,112805,112819,112823],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112770,112771,112773,112775,112777,112779,112781,112783],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112772,2176],{"class":45},[39,112774,50],{"class":49},[39,112776,10103],{"class":53},[39,112778,58],{"class":57},[39,112780,61],{"class":53},[39,112782,64],{"class":57},[39,112784,8921],{"class":53},[39,112786,112787,112789,112791,112793,112795,112797,112799],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112788,2204],{"class":45},[39,112790,50],{"class":49},[39,112792,10103],{"class":53},[39,112794,104],{"class":57},[39,112796,61],{"class":53},[39,112798,73],{"class":57},[39,112800,8921],{"class":53},[39,112802,112803],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,112804,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112806,112807,112809,112811,112813,112815,112817],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,112808,173],{"class":45},[39,112810,94],{"class":53},[39,112812,30077],{"class":97},[39,112814,101],{"class":53},[39,112816,1070],{"class":97},[39,112818,80],{"class":53},[39,112820,112821],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,112822,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112824,112825,112827,112829,112831,112833],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,112826,113],{"class":112},[39,112828,101],{"class":53},[39,112830,173],{"class":97},[39,112832,121],{"class":53},[39,112834,111826],{"class":124},[20,112836,128,112837,112839],{},[15,112838,102392],{}," when you want to keep the original set unchanged.",[20,112841,112842,112843,94],{},"For the in-place version, see ",[173,112844,3202,112845,1533],{"href":98112},[15,112846,96907],{},[134,112848,4141],{"id":4140},[223,112850,1030,112852,112854],{"id":112851},"expecting-union-to-change-the-original-set",[15,112853,102392],{}," to change the original set",[20,112856,81417],{},[30,112858,112860],{"className":32,"code":112859,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112861,112862,112878,112894,112898,112912],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112863,112864,112866,112868,112870,112872,112874,112876],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112865,2176],{"class":45},[39,112867,50],{"class":49},[39,112869,10103],{"class":53},[39,112871,58],{"class":57},[39,112873,61],{"class":53},[39,112875,64],{"class":57},[39,112877,8921],{"class":53},[39,112879,112880,112882,112884,112886,112888,112890,112892],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112881,2204],{"class":45},[39,112883,50],{"class":49},[39,112885,10103],{"class":53},[39,112887,104],{"class":57},[39,112889,61],{"class":53},[39,112891,73],{"class":57},[39,112893,8921],{"class":53},[39,112895,112896],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,112897,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112899,112900,112902,112904,112906,112908,112910],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,112901,173],{"class":45},[39,112903,94],{"class":53},[39,112905,110858],{"class":97},[39,112907,101],{"class":53},[39,112909,1070],{"class":97},[39,112911,80],{"class":53},[39,112913,112914,112916,112918,112920],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,112915,113],{"class":112},[39,112917,101],{"class":53},[39,112919,173],{"class":97},[39,112921,80],{"class":53},[20,112923,458],{},[30,112925,112926],{"className":32,"code":100100,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,112927,112928],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112929,112930,112932,112934,112936,112938],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112931,8890],{"class":53},[39,112933,58],{"class":57},[39,112935,61],{"class":53},[39,112937,64],{"class":57},[39,112939,8921],{"class":53},[20,112941,8110,112942,112944],{},[15,112943,102392],{}," returned a new set, but you did not save it.",[20,112946,112947],{},"Fix it like this:",[30,112949,112951],{"className":32,"code":112950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na = a.union(b)\nprint(a)\n",[15,112952,112953,112969,112985,112989,113007],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,112954,112955,112957,112959,112961,112963,112965,112967],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,112956,2176],{"class":45},[39,112958,50],{"class":49},[39,112960,10103],{"class":53},[39,112962,58],{"class":57},[39,112964,61],{"class":53},[39,112966,64],{"class":57},[39,112968,8921],{"class":53},[39,112970,112971,112973,112975,112977,112979,112981,112983],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,112972,2204],{"class":45},[39,112974,50],{"class":49},[39,112976,10103],{"class":53},[39,112978,104],{"class":57},[39,112980,61],{"class":53},[39,112982,73],{"class":57},[39,112984,8921],{"class":53},[39,112986,112987],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,112988,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,112990,112991,112993,112995,112997,112999,113001,113003,113005],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,112992,2176],{"class":45},[39,112994,50],{"class":49},[39,112996,56489],{"class":45},[39,112998,94],{"class":53},[39,113000,110858],{"class":97},[39,113002,101],{"class":53},[39,113004,1070],{"class":97},[39,113006,80],{"class":53},[39,113008,113009,113011,113013,113015],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,113010,113],{"class":112},[39,113012,101],{"class":53},[39,113014,173],{"class":97},[39,113016,80],{"class":53},[223,113018,113020],{"id":113019},"assuming-the-result-keeps-insertion-order","Assuming the result keeps insertion order",[20,113022,113023],{},"Sets are unordered. Do not rely on the printed order.",[30,113025,113027],{"className":32,"code":113026,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {3, 1}\nb = {2, 4}\n\nprint(a.union(b))\n",[15,113028,113029,113045,113061,113065],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113030,113031,113033,113035,113037,113039,113041,113043],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113032,2176],{"class":45},[39,113034,50],{"class":49},[39,113036,10103],{"class":53},[39,113038,479],{"class":57},[39,113040,61],{"class":53},[39,113042,595],{"class":57},[39,113044,8921],{"class":53},[39,113046,113047,113049,113051,113053,113055,113057,113059],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113048,2204],{"class":45},[39,113050,50],{"class":49},[39,113052,10103],{"class":53},[39,113054,104],{"class":57},[39,113056,61],{"class":53},[39,113058,2080],{"class":57},[39,113060,8921],{"class":53},[39,113062,113063],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113064,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,113066,113067,113069,113071,113073,113075,113077,113079,113081],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,113068,113],{"class":112},[39,113070,101],{"class":53},[39,113072,173],{"class":97},[39,113074,94],{"class":53},[39,113076,110858],{"class":97},[39,113078,101],{"class":53},[39,113080,1070],{"class":97},[39,113082,1026],{"class":53},[20,113084,113085],{},"The values may not appear in the order you expect.",[223,113087,113089],{"id":113088},"passing-a-string-and-forgetting-it-becomes-characters","Passing a string and forgetting it becomes characters",[30,113091,113093],{"className":32,"code":113092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union(\"cat\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,113094,113095,113111,113133],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113096,113097,113099,113101,113103,113105,113107,113109],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113098,1191],{"class":45},[39,113100,50],{"class":49},[39,113102,10103],{"class":53},[39,113104,244],{"class":243},[39,113106,57723],{"class":247},[39,113108,244],{"class":243},[39,113110,8921],{"class":53},[39,113112,113113,113115,113117,113119,113121,113123,113125,113127,113129,113131],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113114,86],{"class":45},[39,113116,50],{"class":49},[39,113118,5783],{"class":45},[39,113120,94],{"class":53},[39,113122,110858],{"class":97},[39,113124,101],{"class":53},[39,113126,244],{"class":243},[39,113128,839],{"class":247},[39,113130,244],{"class":243},[39,113132,80],{"class":53},[39,113134,113135,113137,113139,113141],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113136,113],{"class":112},[39,113138,101],{"class":53},[39,113140,118],{"class":97},[39,113142,80],{"class":53},[20,113144,113145,113146,1814,113148,16685,113150,113152,113153,113155],{},"This adds ",[15,113147,66072],{},[15,113149,17708],{},[15,113151,112641],{}," as separate items, not ",[15,113154,112625],{}," as one item.",[20,113157,113158],{},"If you want the whole string as one item, put it inside another iterable:",[30,113160,113162],{"className":32,"code":113161,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = {\"dog\"}\nresult = words.union([\"cat\"])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113163,113164,113180,113202],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113165,113166,113168,113170,113172,113174,113176,113178],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113167,1191],{"class":45},[39,113169,50],{"class":49},[39,113171,10103],{"class":53},[39,113173,244],{"class":243},[39,113175,57723],{"class":247},[39,113177,244],{"class":243},[39,113179,8921],{"class":53},[39,113181,113182,113184,113186,113188,113190,113192,113194,113196,113198,113200],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113183,86],{"class":45},[39,113185,50],{"class":49},[39,113187,5783],{"class":45},[39,113189,94],{"class":53},[39,113191,110858],{"class":97},[39,113193,2608],{"class":53},[39,113195,244],{"class":243},[39,113197,839],{"class":247},[39,113199,244],{"class":243},[39,113201,3513],{"class":53},[39,113203,113204,113206,113208,113210],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113205,113],{"class":112},[39,113207,101],{"class":53},[39,113209,118],{"class":97},[39,113211,80],{"class":53},[223,113213,113215],{"id":113214},"trying-to-use-unhashable-values-like-lists-inside-a-set","Trying to use unhashable values like lists inside a set",[20,113217,2458],{},[30,113219,113221],{"className":32,"code":113220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2, [3, 4]}\n",[15,113222,113223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113224,113225,113227,113229,113231,113233,113235,113237,113239,113241,113243,113245,113247],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113226,15240],{"class":45},[39,113228,50],{"class":49},[39,113230,10103],{"class":53},[39,113232,58],{"class":57},[39,113234,61],{"class":53},[39,113236,64],{"class":57},[39,113238,61],{"class":53},[39,113240,3249],{"class":53},[39,113242,479],{"class":57},[39,113244,61],{"class":53},[39,113246,2080],{"class":57},[39,113248,13316],{"class":53},[20,113250,113251],{},"Lists cannot be set items because they are mutable and unhashable.",[20,113253,113254,113255,145],{},"But a list can be used as an argument to ",[15,113256,102392],{},[30,113258,113260],{"className":32,"code":113259,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.union([3, 4])\nprint(result)\n",[15,113261,113262,113278,113300],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113263,113264,113266,113268,113270,113272,113274,113276],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113265,15240],{"class":45},[39,113267,50],{"class":49},[39,113269,10103],{"class":53},[39,113271,58],{"class":57},[39,113273,61],{"class":53},[39,113275,64],{"class":57},[39,113277,8921],{"class":53},[39,113279,113280,113282,113284,113286,113288,113290,113292,113294,113296,113298],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113281,86],{"class":45},[39,113283,50],{"class":49},[39,113285,96517],{"class":45},[39,113287,94],{"class":53},[39,113289,110858],{"class":97},[39,113291,2608],{"class":53},[39,113293,479],{"class":57},[39,113295,61],{"class":53},[39,113297,2080],{"class":57},[39,113299,3513],{"class":53},[39,113301,113302,113304,113306,113308],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113303,113],{"class":112},[39,113305,101],{"class":53},[39,113307,118],{"class":97},[39,113309,80],{"class":53},[134,113311,113313],{"id":113312},"common-causes-of-confusion","Common causes of confusion",[20,113315,113316],{},"Beginners often run into problems because they:",[147,113318,113319,113325,113332,113335],{},[150,113320,113321,113322,113324],{},"call ",[15,113323,102392],{}," without saving the returned set",[150,113326,113327,113328,1163,113330],{},"confuse ",[15,113329,102392],{},[15,113331,14565],{},[150,113333,113334],{},"expect duplicates to remain in the result",[150,113336,113337],{},"use a list as a set item instead of as an iterable argument",[20,113339,113340,113341,796,113345,94],{},"If you need a different set operation, compare this method with ",[173,113342,3202,113343,1533],{"href":102381},[15,113344,106163],{},[173,113346,3202,113348,1533],{"href":113347},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-difference-method\u002F",[15,113349,100012],{},[20,113351,61886],{},[30,113353,113355],{"className":32,"code":113354,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_set)\nprint(type(my_set))\nprint(result)\nhelp(set.union)\n",[15,113356,113357,113367,113381,113391],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113358,113359,113361,113363,113365],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113360,113],{"class":112},[39,113362,101],{"class":53},[39,113364,15278],{"class":97},[39,113366,80],{"class":53},[39,113368,113369,113371,113373,113375,113377,113379],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113370,113],{"class":112},[39,113372,101],{"class":53},[39,113374,2845],{"class":2523},[39,113376,101],{"class":53},[39,113378,15278],{"class":97},[39,113380,1026],{"class":53},[39,113382,113383,113385,113387,113389],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113384,113],{"class":112},[39,113386,101],{"class":53},[39,113388,118],{"class":97},[39,113390,80],{"class":53},[39,113392,113393,113395,113397,113399,113401,113403],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,113394,31766],{"class":112},[39,113396,101],{"class":53},[39,113398,5902],{"class":2523},[39,113400,94],{"class":53},[39,113402,110858],{"class":997},[39,113404,80],{"class":53},[134,113406,1454],{"id":1453},[223,113408,1468,113410,102332],{"id":113409},"does-setunion-change-the-original-set",[15,113411,107633],{},[20,113413,102335],{},[223,113415,1487,113417,113419],{"id":113416},"can-union-combine-more-than-two-sets",[15,113418,102392],{}," combine more than two sets?",[20,113421,113422],{},"Yes. You can pass multiple sets or iterables in one call.",[223,113424,27940,113426,113428],{"id":113425},"can-i-use-union-with-a-list-or-tuple",[15,113427,102392],{}," with a list or tuple?",[20,113430,41761,113431,113433],{},[15,113432,102392],{}," accepts other iterables, not just sets.",[223,113435,113437],{"id":113436},"why-is-the-output-order-different-from-my-input","Why is the output order different from my input?",[20,113439,113440],{},"Sets are unordered, so their printed order is not guaranteed.",[223,113442,1497,113444,796,113446,929],{"id":113443},"what-is-the-difference-between-union-and",[15,113445,102392],{},[15,113447,113448],{},"|",[20,113450,113451,113452,113454,113455,113457],{},"They both combine sets. The ",[15,113453,113448],{}," operator is shorter, but ",[15,113456,102392],{}," can be clearer for beginners.",[134,113459,1514],{"id":1513},[147,113461,113462,113466,113472,113478,113484],{},[150,113463,113464],{},[173,113465,95921],{"href":97092},[150,113467,113468],{},[173,113469,3202,113470,1533],{"href":98112},[15,113471,96907],{},[150,113473,113474],{},[173,113475,3202,113476,1533],{"href":102381},[15,113477,106163],{},[150,113479,113480],{},[173,113481,3202,113482,1533],{"href":113347},[15,113483,100012],{},[150,113485,113486],{},[173,113487,99937],{"href":98670},[1550,113489,113490],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":113492},[113493,113494,113496,113497,113498,113499,113501,113507,113512,113519,113520,113531],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":111588,"depth":83,"text":113495},"What set.union() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":21581,"depth":83,"text":21582},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":112075,"depth":83,"text":113500},"Using union() with multiple sets",{"id":112233,"depth":83,"text":113502,"children":113503},"Using union() with other iterables",[113504,113505,113506],{"id":112244,"depth":109,"text":112245},{"id":112364,"depth":109,"text":112365},{"id":112506,"depth":109,"text":112507},{"id":112644,"depth":83,"text":113508,"children":113509},"union() vs update()",[113510,113511],{"id":110858,"depth":109,"text":102392},{"id":30077,"depth":109,"text":14565},{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":113513},[113514,113516,113517,113518],{"id":112851,"depth":109,"text":113515},"Expecting union() to change the original set",{"id":113019,"depth":109,"text":113020},{"id":113088,"depth":109,"text":113089},{"id":113214,"depth":109,"text":113215},{"id":113312,"depth":83,"text":113313},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":113521},[113522,113524,113526,113528,113529],{"id":113409,"depth":109,"text":113523},"Does set.union() change the original set?",{"id":113416,"depth":109,"text":113525},"Can union() combine more than two sets?",{"id":113425,"depth":109,"text":113527},"Can I use union() with a list or tuple?",{"id":113436,"depth":109,"text":113437},{"id":113443,"depth":109,"text":113530},"What is the difference between union() and |?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set union method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":111468,"description":113532},"reference\u002Fpython-set-union-method","D6cPAK59nZf4j4OQgu4vv6gSQXcaH0E3a84fD3g94Kw",{"id":113538,"title":113539,"body":113540,"description":115429,"extension":1587,"meta":115430,"navigation":420,"path":96406,"seo":115431,"stem":115432,"__hash__":115433},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-update-method.md","Python Set update() Method",{"type":7,"value":113541,"toc":115395},[113542,113547,113552,113560,113562,113620,113625,113630,113634,113646,113649,113723,113728,113730,113732,113751,113753,113770,113773,113800,113802,113872,113876,113878,113884,113886,113947,113952,113954,114011,114015,114020,114085,114087,114107,114114,114118,114123,114208,114211,114218,114321,114325,114330,114388,114391,114402,114416,114423,114481,114488,114491,114501,114505,114563,114567,114633,114636,114694,114701,114708,114711,114715,114724,114793,114797,114803,114891,114901,114905,114909,114913,114916,114977,114982,115039,115043,115045,115080,115087,115089,115143,115150,115154,115157,115222,115231,115237,115294,115296,115301,115305,115309,115312,115319,115327,115331,115336,115340,115346,115348,115383,115392],[10,113543,95793,113545,18],{"id":113544},"python-set-update-method",[15,113546,14565],{},[20,113548,113549,113551],{},[15,113550,96907],{}," adds multiple items from another iterable into an existing set.",[20,113553,113554,113555,113559],{},"Use it when you want to change a set in place with values from a list, tuple, set, string, or another iterable. It is different from ",[173,113556,113557],{"href":98093},[15,113558,95801],{},", which adds only one item.",[134,113561,3235],{"id":3234},[30,113563,113565],{"className":32,"code":113564,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4])\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113566,113567,113583,113605,113615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113568,113569,113571,113573,113575,113577,113579,113581],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113570,46],{"class":45},[39,113572,50],{"class":49},[39,113574,10103],{"class":53},[39,113576,58],{"class":57},[39,113578,61],{"class":53},[39,113580,64],{"class":57},[39,113582,8921],{"class":53},[39,113584,113585,113587,113589,113591,113593,113595,113597,113599,113601,113603],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113586,992],{"class":45},[39,113588,94],{"class":53},[39,113590,30077],{"class":97},[39,113592,2608],{"class":53},[39,113594,104],{"class":57},[39,113596,61],{"class":53},[39,113598,73],{"class":57},[39,113600,61],{"class":53},[39,113602,2080],{"class":57},[39,113604,3513],{"class":53},[39,113606,113607,113609,113611,113613],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113608,113],{"class":112},[39,113610,101],{"class":53},[39,113612,992],{"class":97},[39,113614,80],{"class":53},[39,113616,113617],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,113618,113619],{"class":124},"# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[20,113621,128,113622,113624],{},[15,113623,14565],{}," to add multiple items from a list, tuple, set, or other iterable into an existing set.",[134,113626,137,113628,140],{"id":113627},"what-setupdate-does",[15,113629,96907],{},[20,113631,113632,145],{},[15,113633,96907],{},[147,113635,113636,113639,113641,113644],{},[150,113637,113638],{},"Adds items from another iterable into the current set",[150,113640,95908],{},[150,113642,113643],{},"Ignores duplicate values automatically",[150,113645,95911],{},[20,113647,113648],{},"This means the set itself is modified.",[30,113650,113652],{"className":32,"code":113651,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = {\"red\", \"blue\"}\ncolors.update([\"blue\", \"green\"])\n\nprint(colors)\n# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[15,113653,113654,113678,113704,113708,113718],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113655,113656,113658,113660,113662,113664,113666,113668,113670,113672,113674,113676],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113657,236],{"class":45},[39,113659,50],{"class":49},[39,113661,10103],{"class":53},[39,113663,244],{"class":243},[39,113665,248],{"class":247},[39,113667,244],{"class":243},[39,113669,61],{"class":53},[39,113671,255],{"class":243},[39,113673,258],{"class":247},[39,113675,244],{"class":243},[39,113677,8921],{"class":53},[39,113679,113680,113682,113684,113686,113688,113690,113692,113694,113696,113698,113700,113702],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113681,288],{"class":45},[39,113683,94],{"class":53},[39,113685,30077],{"class":97},[39,113687,2608],{"class":53},[39,113689,244],{"class":243},[39,113691,258],{"class":247},[39,113693,244],{"class":243},[39,113695,61],{"class":53},[39,113697,255],{"class":243},[39,113699,275],{"class":247},[39,113701,244],{"class":243},[39,113703,3513],{"class":53},[39,113705,113706],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113707,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,113709,113710,113712,113714,113716],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,113711,113],{"class":112},[39,113713,101],{"class":53},[39,113715,288],{"class":97},[39,113717,80],{"class":53},[39,113719,113720],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,113721,113722],{"class":124},"# {'red', 'blue', 'green'}\n",[20,113724,20590,113725,113727],{},[15,113726,110623],{}," was added again, it appears only once because sets store unique values.",[134,113729,1781],{"id":1780},[20,113731,6834],{},[30,113733,113735],{"className":32,"code":113734,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.update(iterable)\n",[15,113736,113737],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113738,113739,113741,113743,113745,113747,113749],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113740,15278],{"class":45},[39,113742,94],{"class":53},[39,113744,30077],{"class":97},[39,113746,101],{"class":53},[39,113748,3344],{"class":97},[39,113750,80],{"class":53},[20,113752,79793],{},[147,113754,113755,113758,113761,113764,113767],{},[150,113756,113757],{},"A list",[150,113759,113760],{},"A tuple",[150,113762,113763],{},"Another set",[150,113765,113766],{},"A string",[150,113768,113769],{},"Any other iterable",[20,113771,113772],{},"You can also pass multiple iterables at once:",[30,113774,113776],{"className":32,"code":113775,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set.update(a, b, c)\n",[15,113777,113778],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113779,113780,113782,113784,113786,113788,113790,113792,113794,113796,113798],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113781,15278],{"class":45},[39,113783,94],{"class":53},[39,113785,30077],{"class":97},[39,113787,101],{"class":53},[39,113789,173],{"class":97},[39,113791,61],{"class":53},[39,113793,2181],{"class":97},[39,113795,61],{"class":53},[39,113797,9294],{"class":97},[39,113799,80],{"class":53},[20,113801,515],{},[30,113803,113805],{"className":32,"code":113804,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = {1}\nvalues.update([2, 3], (4, 5), {6})\n\nprint(values)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[15,113806,113807,113819,113853,113857,113867],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113808,113809,113811,113813,113815,113817],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113810,812],{"class":45},[39,113812,50],{"class":49},[39,113814,10103],{"class":53},[39,113816,58],{"class":57},[39,113818,8921],{"class":53},[39,113820,113821,113823,113825,113827,113829,113831,113833,113835,113837,113839,113841,113843,113845,113847,113849,113851],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113822,856],{"class":45},[39,113824,94],{"class":53},[39,113826,30077],{"class":97},[39,113828,2608],{"class":53},[39,113830,104],{"class":57},[39,113832,61],{"class":53},[39,113834,73],{"class":57},[39,113836,17674],{"class":53},[39,113838,54],{"class":53},[39,113840,1333],{"class":57},[39,113842,61],{"class":53},[39,113844,4228],{"class":57},[39,113846,8846],{"class":53},[39,113848,10103],{"class":53},[39,113850,80184],{"class":57},[39,113852,30109],{"class":53},[39,113854,113855],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113856,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,113858,113859,113861,113863,113865],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,113860,113],{"class":112},[39,113862,101],{"class":53},[39,113864,856],{"class":97},[39,113866,80],{"class":53},[39,113868,113869],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,113870,113871],{"class":124},"# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}\n",[20,113873,95917,113874,94],{},[173,113875,95925],{"href":97476},[134,113877,21582],{"id":21581},[20,113879,113880,476,113882,94],{},[15,113881,96907],{},[15,113883,3403],{},[20,113885,11326],{},[30,113887,113889],{"className":32,"code":113888,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2}\nresult = numbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,113890,113891,113907,113929,113933,113943],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113892,113893,113895,113897,113899,113901,113903,113905],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113894,46],{"class":45},[39,113896,50],{"class":49},[39,113898,10103],{"class":53},[39,113900,58],{"class":57},[39,113902,61],{"class":53},[39,113904,64],{"class":57},[39,113906,8921],{"class":53},[39,113908,113909,113911,113913,113915,113917,113919,113921,113923,113925,113927],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113910,86],{"class":45},[39,113912,50],{"class":49},[39,113914,91],{"class":45},[39,113916,94],{"class":53},[39,113918,30077],{"class":97},[39,113920,2608],{"class":53},[39,113922,479],{"class":57},[39,113924,61],{"class":53},[39,113926,2080],{"class":57},[39,113928,3513],{"class":53},[39,113930,113931],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113932,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,113934,113935,113937,113939,113941],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,113936,113],{"class":112},[39,113938,101],{"class":53},[39,113940,118],{"class":97},[39,113942,80],{"class":53},[39,113944,113945],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,113946,61422],{"class":124},[20,113948,113949,113950,94],{},"The updated values are stored in the original set, not in ",[15,113951,118],{},[20,113953,18581],{},[30,113955,113957],{"className":32,"code":113956,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,113958,113959,113975,113993,113997,114007],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,113960,113961,113963,113965,113967,113969,113971,113973],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,113962,46],{"class":45},[39,113964,50],{"class":49},[39,113966,10103],{"class":53},[39,113968,58],{"class":57},[39,113970,61],{"class":53},[39,113972,64],{"class":57},[39,113974,8921],{"class":53},[39,113976,113977,113979,113981,113983,113985,113987,113989,113991],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,113978,992],{"class":45},[39,113980,94],{"class":53},[39,113982,30077],{"class":97},[39,113984,2608],{"class":53},[39,113986,479],{"class":57},[39,113988,61],{"class":53},[39,113990,2080],{"class":57},[39,113992,3513],{"class":53},[39,113994,113995],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,113996,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,113998,113999,114001,114003,114005],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114000,113],{"class":112},[39,114002,101],{"class":53},[39,114004,992],{"class":97},[39,114006,80],{"class":53},[39,114008,114009],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114010,113619],{"class":124},[134,114012,114014],{"id":114013},"example-update-with-a-list","Example: update with a list",[20,114016,114017,114018,94],{},"A list is one of the most common things to pass to ",[15,114019,14565],{},[30,114021,114023],{"className":32,"code":114022,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = {1, 2}\nnumbers.update([2, 3, 4, 4])\n\nprint(numbers)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114024,114025,114041,114067,114071,114081],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114026,114027,114029,114031,114033,114035,114037,114039],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114028,46],{"class":45},[39,114030,50],{"class":49},[39,114032,10103],{"class":53},[39,114034,58],{"class":57},[39,114036,61],{"class":53},[39,114038,64],{"class":57},[39,114040,8921],{"class":53},[39,114042,114043,114045,114047,114049,114051,114053,114055,114057,114059,114061,114063,114065],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114044,992],{"class":45},[39,114046,94],{"class":53},[39,114048,30077],{"class":97},[39,114050,2608],{"class":53},[39,114052,104],{"class":57},[39,114054,61],{"class":53},[39,114056,73],{"class":57},[39,114058,61],{"class":53},[39,114060,2080],{"class":57},[39,114062,61],{"class":53},[39,114064,2080],{"class":57},[39,114066,3513],{"class":53},[39,114068,114069],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114070,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114072,114073,114075,114077,114079],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114074,113],{"class":112},[39,114076,101],{"class":53},[39,114078,992],{"class":97},[39,114080,80],{"class":53},[39,114082,114083],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114084,113619],{"class":124},[20,114086,11295],{},[147,114088,114089,114094,114101],{},[150,114090,114091,114093],{},[15,114092,104],{}," is already in the set, so nothing changes for that value",[150,114095,114096,796,114098,114100],{},[15,114097,479],{},[15,114099,1333],{}," are added",[150,114102,114103,114104,114106],{},"The second ",[15,114105,1333],{}," is ignored because sets do not keep duplicates",[20,114108,114109,114110,114113],{},"This is one reason sets are useful when you want unique values. For example, you can ",[173,114111,114112],{"href":98670},"remove duplicates from a list in Python"," by converting the list to a set.",[134,114115,114117],{"id":114116},"example-update-with-another-set","Example: update with another set",[20,114119,7380,114120,114122],{},[15,114121,14565],{}," to combine values from one set into another.",[30,114124,114126],{"className":32,"code":114125,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\nset_a.update(set_b)\n\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\n",[15,114127,114128,114149,114170,114174,114190,114194,114204],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114129,114130,114133,114135,114137,114139,114141,114143,114145,114147],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114131,114132],{"class":45},"set_a ",[39,114134,50],{"class":49},[39,114136,10103],{"class":53},[39,114138,58],{"class":57},[39,114140,61],{"class":53},[39,114142,64],{"class":57},[39,114144,61],{"class":53},[39,114146,73],{"class":57},[39,114148,8921],{"class":53},[39,114150,114151,114154,114156,114158,114160,114162,114164,114166,114168],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114152,114153],{"class":45},"set_b ",[39,114155,50],{"class":49},[39,114157,10103],{"class":53},[39,114159,479],{"class":57},[39,114161,61],{"class":53},[39,114163,2080],{"class":57},[39,114165,61],{"class":53},[39,114167,4228],{"class":57},[39,114169,8921],{"class":53},[39,114171,114172],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114173,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114175,114176,114179,114181,114183,114185,114188],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114177,114178],{"class":45},"set_a",[39,114180,94],{"class":53},[39,114182,30077],{"class":97},[39,114184,101],{"class":53},[39,114186,114187],{"class":97},"set_b",[39,114189,80],{"class":53},[39,114191,114192],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114193,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114195,114196,114198,114200,114202],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,114197,113],{"class":112},[39,114199,101],{"class":53},[39,114201,114178],{"class":97},[39,114203,80],{"class":53},[39,114205,114206],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,114207,111580],{"class":124},[20,114209,114210],{},"This is useful when you want to keep only unique values and modify the original set.",[20,114212,114213,114214,94],{},"If you want a new combined set instead of changing the original, use ",[173,114215,114216],{"href":102389},[15,114217,107633],{},[30,114219,114221],{"className":32,"code":114220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"set_a = {1, 2, 3}\nset_b = {3, 4, 5}\n\ncombined = set_a.union(set_b)\n\nprint(combined)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}\nprint(set_a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114222,114223,114243,114263,114267,114287,114291,114302,114306,114316],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114224,114225,114227,114229,114231,114233,114235,114237,114239,114241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114226,114132],{"class":45},[39,114228,50],{"class":49},[39,114230,10103],{"class":53},[39,114232,58],{"class":57},[39,114234,61],{"class":53},[39,114236,64],{"class":57},[39,114238,61],{"class":53},[39,114240,73],{"class":57},[39,114242,8921],{"class":53},[39,114244,114245,114247,114249,114251,114253,114255,114257,114259,114261],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114246,114153],{"class":45},[39,114248,50],{"class":49},[39,114250,10103],{"class":53},[39,114252,479],{"class":57},[39,114254,61],{"class":53},[39,114256,2080],{"class":57},[39,114258,61],{"class":53},[39,114260,4228],{"class":57},[39,114262,8921],{"class":53},[39,114264,114265],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114266,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114268,114269,114272,114274,114277,114279,114281,114283,114285],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114270,114271],{"class":45},"combined ",[39,114273,50],{"class":49},[39,114275,114276],{"class":45}," set_a",[39,114278,94],{"class":53},[39,114280,110858],{"class":97},[39,114282,101],{"class":53},[39,114284,114187],{"class":97},[39,114286,80],{"class":53},[39,114288,114289],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114290,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114292,114293,114295,114297,114300],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,114294,113],{"class":112},[39,114296,101],{"class":53},[39,114298,114299],{"class":97},"combined",[39,114301,80],{"class":53},[39,114303,114304],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,114305,111580],{"class":124},[39,114307,114308,114310,114312,114314],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,114309,113],{"class":112},[39,114311,101],{"class":53},[39,114313,114178],{"class":97},[39,114315,80],{"class":53},[39,114317,114318],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,114319,114320],{"class":124},"# {1, 2, 3}\n",[134,114322,114324],{"id":114323},"example-update-with-a-string","Example: update with a string",[20,114326,64331,114327,114329],{},[15,114328,14565],{}," adds each character separately.",[30,114331,114333],{"className":32,"code":114332,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = {\"x\"}\nletters.update(\"cat\")\n\nprint(letters)\n# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[15,114334,114335,114351,114369,114373,114383],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114336,114337,114339,114341,114343,114345,114347,114349],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114338,1053],{"class":45},[39,114340,50],{"class":49},[39,114342,10103],{"class":53},[39,114344,244],{"class":243},[39,114346,1798],{"class":247},[39,114348,244],{"class":243},[39,114350,8921],{"class":53},[39,114352,114353,114355,114357,114359,114361,114363,114365,114367],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114354,35757],{"class":45},[39,114356,94],{"class":53},[39,114358,30077],{"class":97},[39,114360,101],{"class":53},[39,114362,244],{"class":243},[39,114364,839],{"class":247},[39,114366,244],{"class":243},[39,114368,80],{"class":53},[39,114370,114371],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114372,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114374,114375,114377,114379,114381],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114376,113],{"class":112},[39,114378,101],{"class":53},[39,114380,35757],{"class":97},[39,114382,80],{"class":53},[39,114384,114385],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114386,114387],{"class":124},"# {'x', 'c', 'a', 't'}\n",[20,114389,114390],{},"This often surprises beginners.",[20,114392,114393,13664,114396,114398,114399,114401],{},[15,114394,114395],{},"update(\"cat\")",[3367,114397,4254],{}," add ",[15,114400,112625],{}," as one item. It adds:",[147,114403,114404,114408,114412],{},[150,114405,114406],{},[15,114407,66072],{},[150,114409,114410],{},[15,114411,17708],{},[150,114413,114414],{},[15,114415,112641],{},[20,114417,114418,114419,145],{},"If you want to add one whole value, use ",[173,114420,114421],{"href":98093},[15,114422,95801],{},[30,114424,114426],{"className":32,"code":114425,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = {\"dog\"}\nwords.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(words)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,114427,114428,114444,114462,114466,114476],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114429,114430,114432,114434,114436,114438,114440,114442],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114431,1191],{"class":45},[39,114433,50],{"class":49},[39,114435,10103],{"class":53},[39,114437,244],{"class":243},[39,114439,57723],{"class":247},[39,114441,244],{"class":243},[39,114443,8921],{"class":53},[39,114445,114446,114448,114450,114452,114454,114456,114458,114460],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114447,1229],{"class":45},[39,114449,94],{"class":53},[39,114451,81696],{"class":97},[39,114453,101],{"class":53},[39,114455,244],{"class":243},[39,114457,839],{"class":247},[39,114459,244],{"class":243},[39,114461,80],{"class":53},[39,114463,114464],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114465,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114467,114468,114470,114472,114474],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114469,113],{"class":112},[39,114471,101],{"class":53},[39,114473,1229],{"class":97},[39,114475,80],{"class":53},[39,114477,114478],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114479,114480],{"class":124},"# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[134,114482,114484,10198,114486],{"id":114483},"update-vs-add",[15,114485,14565],{},[15,114487,95796],{},[20,114489,114490],{},"The difference is simple:",[147,114492,114493,114497],{},[150,114494,114495,96395],{},[15,114496,95796],{},[150,114498,114499,96400],{},[15,114500,14565],{},[20,114502,1315,114503,145],{},[15,114504,95796],{},[30,114506,114508],{"className":32,"code":114507,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.add(\"banana\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[15,114509,114510,114526,114544,114548,114558],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114511,114512,114514,114516,114518,114520,114522,114524],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114513,368],{"class":45},[39,114515,50],{"class":49},[39,114517,10103],{"class":53},[39,114519,244],{"class":243},[39,114521,377],{"class":247},[39,114523,244],{"class":243},[39,114525,8921],{"class":53},[39,114527,114528,114530,114532,114534,114536,114538,114540,114542],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114529,35904],{"class":45},[39,114531,94],{"class":53},[39,114533,81696],{"class":97},[39,114535,101],{"class":53},[39,114537,244],{"class":243},[39,114539,386],{"class":247},[39,114541,244],{"class":243},[39,114543,80],{"class":53},[39,114545,114546],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114547,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114549,114550,114552,114554,114556],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114551,113],{"class":112},[39,114553,101],{"class":53},[39,114555,35904],{"class":97},[39,114557,80],{"class":53},[39,114559,114560],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114561,114562],{"class":124},"# {'apple', 'banana'}\n",[20,114564,1315,114565,145],{},[15,114566,14565],{},[30,114568,114570],{"className":32,"code":114569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update([\"banana\", \"orange\"])\n\nprint(fruits)\n# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[15,114571,114572,114588,114614,114618,114628],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114573,114574,114576,114578,114580,114582,114584,114586],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114575,368],{"class":45},[39,114577,50],{"class":49},[39,114579,10103],{"class":53},[39,114581,244],{"class":243},[39,114583,377],{"class":247},[39,114585,244],{"class":243},[39,114587,8921],{"class":53},[39,114589,114590,114592,114594,114596,114598,114600,114602,114604,114606,114608,114610,114612],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114591,35904],{"class":45},[39,114593,94],{"class":53},[39,114595,30077],{"class":97},[39,114597,2608],{"class":53},[39,114599,244],{"class":243},[39,114601,386],{"class":247},[39,114603,244],{"class":243},[39,114605,61],{"class":53},[39,114607,255],{"class":243},[39,114609,403],{"class":247},[39,114611,244],{"class":243},[39,114613,3513],{"class":53},[39,114615,114616],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114617,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114619,114620,114622,114624,114626],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114621,113],{"class":112},[39,114623,101],{"class":53},[39,114625,35904],{"class":97},[39,114627,80],{"class":53},[39,114629,114630],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114631,114632],{"class":124},"# {'apple', 'banana', 'orange'}\n",[20,114634,114635],{},"Important warning with strings:",[30,114637,114639],{"className":32,"code":114638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = {\"apple\"}\nfruits.update(\"kiwi\")\n\nprint(fruits)\n# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[15,114640,114641,114657,114675,114679,114689],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114642,114643,114645,114647,114649,114651,114653,114655],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114644,368],{"class":45},[39,114646,50],{"class":49},[39,114648,10103],{"class":53},[39,114650,244],{"class":243},[39,114652,377],{"class":247},[39,114654,244],{"class":243},[39,114656,8921],{"class":53},[39,114658,114659,114661,114663,114665,114667,114669,114671,114673],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114660,35904],{"class":45},[39,114662,94],{"class":53},[39,114664,30077],{"class":97},[39,114666,101],{"class":53},[39,114668,244],{"class":243},[39,114670,37952],{"class":247},[39,114672,244],{"class":243},[39,114674,80],{"class":53},[39,114676,114677],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114678,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114680,114681,114683,114685,114687],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114682,113],{"class":112},[39,114684,101],{"class":53},[39,114686,35904],{"class":97},[39,114688,80],{"class":53},[39,114690,114691],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114692,114693],{"class":124},"# Adds 'k', 'i', 'w', 'i' as characters\n",[20,114695,61697,114696,61770,114699,6247],{},[15,114697,114698],{},"\"kiwi\"",[15,114700,95796],{},[134,114702,114704,10198,114706],{"id":114703},"update-vs-union",[15,114705,14565],{},[15,114707,102392],{},[20,114709,114710],{},"Both can combine values, but they work differently.",[223,114712,114713],{"id":30077},[15,114714,14565],{},[147,114716,114717,114720],{},[150,114718,114719],{},"Changes the existing set",[150,114721,494,114722],{},[15,114723,3403],{},[30,114725,114727],{"className":32,"code":114726,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\na.update(b)\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,114728,114729,114745,114761,114765,114779,114789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114730,114731,114733,114735,114737,114739,114741,114743],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114732,2176],{"class":45},[39,114734,50],{"class":49},[39,114736,10103],{"class":53},[39,114738,58],{"class":57},[39,114740,61],{"class":53},[39,114742,64],{"class":57},[39,114744,8921],{"class":53},[39,114746,114747,114749,114751,114753,114755,114757,114759],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114748,2204],{"class":45},[39,114750,50],{"class":49},[39,114752,10103],{"class":53},[39,114754,104],{"class":57},[39,114756,61],{"class":53},[39,114758,73],{"class":57},[39,114760,8921],{"class":53},[39,114762,114763],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114764,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114766,114767,114769,114771,114773,114775,114777],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114768,173],{"class":45},[39,114770,94],{"class":53},[39,114772,30077],{"class":97},[39,114774,101],{"class":53},[39,114776,1070],{"class":97},[39,114778,80],{"class":53},[39,114780,114781,114783,114785,114787],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114782,113],{"class":112},[39,114784,101],{"class":53},[39,114786,173],{"class":97},[39,114788,80],{"class":53},[39,114790,114791],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,114792,114320],{"class":124},[223,114794,114795],{"id":110858},[15,114796,102392],{},[147,114798,114799,114801],{},[150,114800,100930],{},[150,114802,100933],{},[30,114804,114806],{"className":32,"code":114805,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = {1, 2}\nb = {2, 3}\n\nc = a.union(b)\nprint(c)\n# {1, 2, 3}\nprint(a)\n# {1, 2}\n",[15,114807,114808,114824,114840,114844,114862,114872,114876,114886],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114809,114810,114812,114814,114816,114818,114820,114822],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114811,2176],{"class":45},[39,114813,50],{"class":49},[39,114815,10103],{"class":53},[39,114817,58],{"class":57},[39,114819,61],{"class":53},[39,114821,64],{"class":57},[39,114823,8921],{"class":53},[39,114825,114826,114828,114830,114832,114834,114836,114838],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114827,2204],{"class":45},[39,114829,50],{"class":49},[39,114831,10103],{"class":53},[39,114833,104],{"class":57},[39,114835,61],{"class":53},[39,114837,73],{"class":57},[39,114839,8921],{"class":53},[39,114841,114842],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114843,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114845,114846,114848,114850,114852,114854,114856,114858,114860],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114847,82776],{"class":45},[39,114849,50],{"class":49},[39,114851,56489],{"class":45},[39,114853,94],{"class":53},[39,114855,110858],{"class":97},[39,114857,101],{"class":53},[39,114859,1070],{"class":97},[39,114861,80],{"class":53},[39,114863,114864,114866,114868,114870],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114865,113],{"class":112},[39,114867,101],{"class":53},[39,114869,9352],{"class":97},[39,114871,80],{"class":53},[39,114873,114874],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,114875,114320],{"class":124},[39,114877,114878,114880,114882,114884],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,114879,113],{"class":112},[39,114881,101],{"class":53},[39,114883,173],{"class":97},[39,114885,80],{"class":53},[39,114887,114888],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,114889,114890],{"class":124},"# {1, 2}\n",[20,114892,107275,114893,114895,114896,114900],{},[15,114894,14565],{}," when you want to modify the original set in place. Choose ",[173,114897,114898],{"href":102389},[15,114899,102392],{}," when you want a new set.",[134,114902,114904],{"id":114903},"common-errors-and-confusion","Common errors and confusion",[20,114906,10360,114907,94],{},[15,114908,96907],{},[223,114910,114912],{"id":114911},"_1-saving-the-return-value","1. Saving the return value",[20,114914,114915],{},"This is wrong if you expect a set back:",[30,114917,114919],{"className":32,"code":114918,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nresult = my_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(result)\n# None\n",[15,114920,114921,114937,114959,114963,114973],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114922,114923,114925,114927,114929,114931,114933,114935],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114924,15240],{"class":45},[39,114926,50],{"class":49},[39,114928,10103],{"class":53},[39,114930,58],{"class":57},[39,114932,61],{"class":53},[39,114934,64],{"class":57},[39,114936,8921],{"class":53},[39,114938,114939,114941,114943,114945,114947,114949,114951,114953,114955,114957],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,114940,86],{"class":45},[39,114942,50],{"class":49},[39,114944,96517],{"class":45},[39,114946,94],{"class":53},[39,114948,30077],{"class":97},[39,114950,2608],{"class":53},[39,114952,479],{"class":57},[39,114954,61],{"class":53},[39,114956,2080],{"class":57},[39,114958,3513],{"class":53},[39,114960,114961],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,114962,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,114964,114965,114967,114969,114971],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,114966,113],{"class":112},[39,114968,101],{"class":53},[39,114970,118],{"class":97},[39,114972,80],{"class":53},[39,114974,114975],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,114976,61422],{"class":124},[20,114978,114979,114980,145],{},"Use the original set after calling ",[15,114981,14565],{},[30,114983,114985],{"className":32,"code":114984,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([3, 4])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3, 4}\n",[15,114986,114987,115003,115021,115025,115035],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,114988,114989,114991,114993,114995,114997,114999,115001],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,114990,15240],{"class":45},[39,114992,50],{"class":49},[39,114994,10103],{"class":53},[39,114996,58],{"class":57},[39,114998,61],{"class":53},[39,115000,64],{"class":57},[39,115002,8921],{"class":53},[39,115004,115005,115007,115009,115011,115013,115015,115017,115019],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115006,15278],{"class":45},[39,115008,94],{"class":53},[39,115010,30077],{"class":97},[39,115012,2608],{"class":53},[39,115014,479],{"class":57},[39,115016,61],{"class":53},[39,115018,2080],{"class":57},[39,115020,3513],{"class":53},[39,115022,115023],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,115024,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115026,115027,115029,115031,115033],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,115028,113],{"class":112},[39,115030,101],{"class":53},[39,115032,15278],{"class":97},[39,115034,80],{"class":53},[39,115036,115037],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,115038,113619],{"class":124},[223,115040,115042],{"id":115041},"_2-passing-a-non-iterable","2. Passing a non-iterable",[20,115044,2458],{},[30,115046,115048],{"className":32,"code":115047,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update(5)\n",[15,115049,115050,115066],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115051,115052,115054,115056,115058,115060,115062,115064],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115053,15240],{"class":45},[39,115055,50],{"class":49},[39,115057,10103],{"class":53},[39,115059,58],{"class":57},[39,115061,61],{"class":53},[39,115063,64],{"class":57},[39,115065,8921],{"class":53},[39,115067,115068,115070,115072,115074,115076,115078],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115069,15278],{"class":45},[39,115071,94],{"class":53},[39,115073,30077],{"class":97},[39,115075,101],{"class":53},[39,115077,1376],{"class":57},[39,115079,80],{"class":53},[20,115081,61876,115082,8215,115084,115086],{},[15,115083,2627],{},[15,115085,1376],{}," is an integer, not an iterable.",[20,115088,6170],{},[30,115090,115092],{"className":32,"code":115091,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([5])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 5}\n",[15,115093,115094,115110,115124,115128,115138],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115095,115096,115098,115100,115102,115104,115106,115108],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115097,15240],{"class":45},[39,115099,50],{"class":49},[39,115101,10103],{"class":53},[39,115103,58],{"class":57},[39,115105,61],{"class":53},[39,115107,64],{"class":57},[39,115109,8921],{"class":53},[39,115111,115112,115114,115116,115118,115120,115122],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115113,15278],{"class":45},[39,115115,94],{"class":53},[39,115117,30077],{"class":97},[39,115119,2608],{"class":53},[39,115121,1376],{"class":57},[39,115123,3513],{"class":53},[39,115125,115126],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,115127,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115129,115130,115132,115134,115136],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,115131,113],{"class":112},[39,115133,101],{"class":53},[39,115135,15278],{"class":97},[39,115137,80],{"class":53},[39,115139,115140],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,115141,115142],{"class":124},"# {1, 2, 5}\n",[20,115144,45520,115145,94],{},[173,115146,25291,115147],{"href":52202},[15,115148,115149],{},"TypeError: 'int' object is not iterable",[223,115151,115153],{"id":115152},"_3-expecting-duplicates-to-stay","3. Expecting duplicates to stay",[20,115155,115156],{},"Sets only keep unique values.",[30,115158,115160],{"className":32,"code":115159,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {1, 2}\nmy_set.update([2, 2, 2, 3])\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {1, 2, 3}\n",[15,115161,115162,115178,115204,115208,115218],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115163,115164,115166,115168,115170,115172,115174,115176],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115165,15240],{"class":45},[39,115167,50],{"class":49},[39,115169,10103],{"class":53},[39,115171,58],{"class":57},[39,115173,61],{"class":53},[39,115175,64],{"class":57},[39,115177,8921],{"class":53},[39,115179,115180,115182,115184,115186,115188,115190,115192,115194,115196,115198,115200,115202],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115181,15278],{"class":45},[39,115183,94],{"class":53},[39,115185,30077],{"class":97},[39,115187,2608],{"class":53},[39,115189,104],{"class":57},[39,115191,61],{"class":53},[39,115193,64],{"class":57},[39,115195,61],{"class":53},[39,115197,64],{"class":57},[39,115199,61],{"class":53},[39,115201,73],{"class":57},[39,115203,3513],{"class":53},[39,115205,115206],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,115207,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115209,115210,115212,115214,115216],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,115211,113],{"class":112},[39,115213,101],{"class":53},[39,115215,15278],{"class":97},[39,115217,80],{"class":53},[39,115219,115220],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,115221,114320],{"class":124},[223,115223,115225,115226,44236,115228,115230],{"id":115224},"_4-using-update-when-add-is-better","4. Using ",[15,115227,14565],{},[15,115229,95796],{}," is better",[20,115232,115233,115234,115236],{},"If you want to add one single value, especially a string, ",[15,115235,95796],{}," is usually the better choice.",[30,115238,115240],{"className":32,"code":115239,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_set = {\"dog\"}\nmy_set.add(\"cat\")\n\nprint(my_set)\n# {'dog', 'cat'}\n",[15,115241,115242,115258,115276,115280,115290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115243,115244,115246,115248,115250,115252,115254,115256],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115245,15240],{"class":45},[39,115247,50],{"class":49},[39,115249,10103],{"class":53},[39,115251,244],{"class":243},[39,115253,57723],{"class":247},[39,115255,244],{"class":243},[39,115257,8921],{"class":53},[39,115259,115260,115262,115264,115266,115268,115270,115272,115274],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115261,15278],{"class":45},[39,115263,94],{"class":53},[39,115265,81696],{"class":97},[39,115267,101],{"class":53},[39,115269,244],{"class":243},[39,115271,839],{"class":247},[39,115273,244],{"class":243},[39,115275,80],{"class":53},[39,115277,115278],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,115279,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115281,115282,115284,115286,115288],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,115283,113],{"class":112},[39,115285,101],{"class":53},[39,115287,15278],{"class":97},[39,115289,80],{"class":53},[39,115291,115292],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,115293,114480],{"class":124},[134,115295,1454],{"id":1453},[223,115297,1468,115299,96886],{"id":115298},"does-setupdate-return-a-new-set",[15,115300,96907],{},[20,115302,96889,115303,94],{},[15,115304,3403],{},[223,115306,27940,115307,31840],{"id":31837},[15,115308,14565],{},[20,115310,115311],{},"Yes. Any iterable like a list, tuple, set, or string can be used.",[223,115313,1497,115315,796,115317,929],{"id":115314},"what-is-the-difference-between-add-and-update",[15,115316,95796],{},[15,115318,14565],{},[20,115320,115321,115323,115324,115326],{},[15,115322,95796],{}," adds one item. ",[15,115325,14565],{}," adds multiple items from an iterable.",[223,115328,115330],{"id":115329},"why-did-my-string-get-split-into-letters","Why did my string get split into letters?",[20,115332,115333,115334,114329],{},"Because strings are iterable, so ",[15,115335,14565],{},[223,115337,115339],{"id":115338},"how-do-i-combine-two-sets-without-changing-the-original","How do I combine two sets without changing the original?",[20,115341,128,115342,10705,115344,94],{},[15,115343,102392],{},[15,115345,14565],{},[134,115347,1514],{"id":1513},[147,115349,115350,115357,115364,115370,115376],{},[150,115351,115352],{},[173,115353,115354],{"href":98093},[15,115355,115356],{},"Python set add() method",[150,115358,115359],{},[173,115360,115361],{"href":102389},[15,115362,115363],{},"Python set union() method",[150,115365,115366],{},[173,115367,115368],{"href":97476},[15,115369,96931],{},[150,115371,115372],{},[173,115373,115374],{"href":98670},[15,115375,99937],{},[150,115377,115378],{},[173,115379,115380,115382],{"href":52202},[15,115381,115149],{}," fix",[20,115384,115385,115386,115388,115389,115391],{},"Next, learn when to use ",[15,115387,95801],{}," for a single value and ",[15,115390,107633],{}," when you want a new combined set without changing the original.",[1550,115393,115394],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":115396},[115397,115398,115400,115401,115402,115403,115404,115405,115407,115412,115419,115428],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":113627,"depth":83,"text":115399},"What set.update() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":21581,"depth":83,"text":21582},{"id":114013,"depth":83,"text":114014},{"id":114116,"depth":83,"text":114117},{"id":114323,"depth":83,"text":114324},{"id":114483,"depth":83,"text":115406},"update() vs add()",{"id":114703,"depth":83,"text":115408,"children":115409},"update() vs union()",[115410,115411],{"id":30077,"depth":109,"text":14565},{"id":110858,"depth":109,"text":102392},{"id":114903,"depth":83,"text":114904,"children":115413},[115414,115415,115416,115417],{"id":114911,"depth":109,"text":114912},{"id":115041,"depth":109,"text":115042},{"id":115152,"depth":109,"text":115153},{"id":115224,"depth":109,"text":115418},"4. Using update() when add() is better",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":115420},[115421,115423,115424,115426,115427],{"id":115298,"depth":109,"text":115422},"Does set.update() return a new set?",{"id":31837,"depth":109,"text":31910},{"id":115314,"depth":109,"text":115425},"What is the difference between add() and update()?",{"id":115329,"depth":109,"text":115330},{"id":115338,"depth":109,"text":115339},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python set update method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":113539,"description":115429},"reference\u002Fpython-set-update-method","O92kX80vUFExg-dtCXumAvm7IuzEHXgSTW4bzDeyLc8",{"id":115435,"title":115436,"body":115437,"description":117203,"extension":1587,"meta":117204,"navigation":420,"path":13400,"seo":117205,"stem":117206,"__hash__":117207},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained.md","Python shallow copy vs deep copy Explained",{"type":7,"value":115438,"toc":117178},[115439,115442,115445,115448,115459,115467,115470,115472,115621,115633,115637,115654,115658,115666,115668,115679,115681,115778,115784,115787,115883,115892,115897,115901,115906,115908,115918,115920,116029,116037,116041,116044,116047,116064,116070,116150,116153,116157,116160,116164,116167,116226,116229,116233,116236,116328,116332,116335,116442,116446,116452,116480,116482,116564,116574,116578,116581,116592,116595,116680,116683,116688,116692,116695,116706,116709,116851,116854,116858,116861,116875,116878,116939,116945,116947,116950,116972,116975,117075,117078,117110,117112,117116,117119,117121,117124,117128,117131,117135,117138,117142,117145,117147,117175],[10,115440,115436],{"id":115441},"python-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained",[20,115443,115444],{},"When you copy data in Python, the result is not always fully independent from the original.",[20,115446,115447],{},"This is especially important with nested data, such as:",[147,115449,115450,115453,115456],{},[150,115451,115452],{},"a list inside another list",[150,115454,115455],{},"a dictionary containing lists",[150,115457,115458],{},"a list of dictionaries",[20,115460,99859,115461,796,115463,115466],{},[3367,115462,12462],{},[3367,115464,115465],{},"deep copy"," is about what gets copied and what stays shared.",[20,115468,115469],{},"If you get this wrong, changing one object can unexpectedly change another.",[134,115471,1629],{"id":1628},[30,115473,115475],{"className":32,"code":115474,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = copy.copy(original)\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(shallow)   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(deep)      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115476,115477,115484,115488,115514,115534,115554,115558,115576,115580,115593,115607],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115478,115479,115481],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115480,34706],{"class":572},[39,115482,115483],{"class":45}," copy\n",[39,115485,115486],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115487,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115489,115490,115492,115494,115496,115498,115500,115502,115504,115506,115508,115510,115512],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,115491,11697],{"class":45},[39,115493,50],{"class":49},[39,115495,55895],{"class":53},[39,115497,58],{"class":57},[39,115499,61],{"class":53},[39,115501,64],{"class":57},[39,115503,17674],{"class":53},[39,115505,3249],{"class":53},[39,115507,479],{"class":57},[39,115509,61],{"class":53},[39,115511,2080],{"class":57},[39,115513,52844],{"class":53},[39,115515,115516,115519,115521,115524,115526,115528,115530,115532],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,115517,115518],{"class":45},"shallow ",[39,115520,50],{"class":49},[39,115522,115523],{"class":45}," copy",[39,115525,94],{"class":53},[39,115527,12523],{"class":97},[39,115529,101],{"class":53},[39,115531,11744],{"class":97},[39,115533,80],{"class":53},[39,115535,115536,115539,115541,115543,115545,115548,115550,115552],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,115537,115538],{"class":45},"deep ",[39,115540,50],{"class":49},[39,115542,115523],{"class":45},[39,115544,94],{"class":53},[39,115546,115547],{"class":97},"deepcopy",[39,115549,101],{"class":53},[39,115551,11744],{"class":97},[39,115553,80],{"class":53},[39,115555,115556],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,115557,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115559,115560,115562,115564,115566,115568,115570,115572,115574],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,115561,11744],{"class":45},[39,115563,3525],{"class":53},[39,115565,221],{"class":57},[39,115567,13160],{"class":53},[39,115569,13163],{"class":97},[39,115571,101],{"class":53},[39,115573,55948],{"class":57},[39,115575,80],{"class":53},[39,115577,115578],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,115579,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115581,115582,115584,115586,115588,115590],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,115583,113],{"class":112},[39,115585,101],{"class":53},[39,115587,11744],{"class":97},[39,115589,121],{"class":53},[39,115591,115592],{"class":124},"  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[39,115594,115595,115597,115599,115602,115604],{"class":41,"line":6052},[39,115596,113],{"class":112},[39,115598,101],{"class":53},[39,115600,115601],{"class":97},"shallow",[39,115603,121],{"class":53},[39,115605,115606],{"class":124},"   # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[39,115608,115609,115611,115613,115616,115618],{"class":41,"line":11206},[39,115610,113],{"class":112},[39,115612,101],{"class":53},[39,115614,115615],{"class":97},"deep",[39,115617,121],{"class":53},[39,115619,115620],{"class":124},"      # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115622,128,115623,115626,115627,796,115629,115632],{},[15,115624,115625],{},"copy.copy()"," for a ",[3367,115628,12462],{},[15,115630,115631],{},"copy.deepcopy()"," when you need fully independent nested objects.",[134,115634,115636],{"id":115635},"what-this-page-helps-you-understand","What this page helps you understand",[147,115638,115639,115642,115645,115648,115651],{},[150,115640,115641],{},"What a copy means in Python",[150,115643,115644],{},"How shallow copy works",[150,115646,115647],{},"How deep copy works",[150,115649,115650],{},"Why nested objects cause confusion",[150,115652,115653],{},"When to use each approach",[134,115655,115657],{"id":115656},"what-a-shallow-copy-does","What a shallow copy does",[20,115659,14800,115660,115662,115663,115665],{},[3367,115661,12462],{}," creates a new outer object, but it does ",[3367,115664,4254],{}," fully copy the nested objects inside it.",[20,115667,1731],{},[147,115669,115670,115673,115676],{},[150,115671,115672],{},"the outer container is new",[150,115674,115675],{},"inner lists or dictionaries may still be shared",[150,115677,115678],{},"changing a nested mutable object can affect both versions",[20,115680,515],{},[30,115682,115684],{"className":32,"code":115683,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append([5, 6])\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[15,115685,115686,115712,115726,115730,115748,115752,115765],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115687,115688,115690,115692,115694,115696,115698,115700,115702,115704,115706,115708,115710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115689,11697],{"class":45},[39,115691,50],{"class":49},[39,115693,55895],{"class":53},[39,115695,58],{"class":57},[39,115697,61],{"class":53},[39,115699,64],{"class":57},[39,115701,17674],{"class":53},[39,115703,3249],{"class":53},[39,115705,479],{"class":57},[39,115707,61],{"class":53},[39,115709,2080],{"class":57},[39,115711,52844],{"class":53},[39,115713,115714,115716,115718,115720,115722,115724],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115715,13922],{"class":45},[39,115717,50],{"class":49},[39,115719,11772],{"class":45},[39,115721,94],{"class":53},[39,115723,12523],{"class":97},[39,115725,8257],{"class":53},[39,115727,115728],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,115729,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115731,115732,115734,115736,115738,115740,115742,115744,115746],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,115733,13941],{"class":45},[39,115735,94],{"class":53},[39,115737,13163],{"class":97},[39,115739,2608],{"class":53},[39,115741,1376],{"class":57},[39,115743,61],{"class":53},[39,115745,37256],{"class":57},[39,115747,3513],{"class":53},[39,115749,115750],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,115751,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115753,115754,115756,115758,115760,115762],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,115755,113],{"class":112},[39,115757,101],{"class":53},[39,115759,11744],{"class":97},[39,115761,121],{"class":53},[39,115763,115764],{"class":124},"  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\n",[39,115766,115767,115769,115771,115773,115775],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,115768,113],{"class":112},[39,115770,101],{"class":53},[39,115772,13941],{"class":97},[39,115774,121],{"class":53},[39,115776,115777],{"class":124},"    # [[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6]]\n",[20,115779,115780,115781,115783],{},"In this case, appending a new top-level item only changes ",[15,115782,13941],{},", because the outer list is different.",[20,115785,115786],{},"But now look at a nested change:",[30,115788,115790],{"className":32,"code":115789,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115791,115792,115818,115832,115836,115854,115858,115870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115793,115794,115796,115798,115800,115802,115804,115806,115808,115810,115812,115814,115816],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115795,11697],{"class":45},[39,115797,50],{"class":49},[39,115799,55895],{"class":53},[39,115801,58],{"class":57},[39,115803,61],{"class":53},[39,115805,64],{"class":57},[39,115807,17674],{"class":53},[39,115809,3249],{"class":53},[39,115811,479],{"class":57},[39,115813,61],{"class":53},[39,115815,2080],{"class":57},[39,115817,52844],{"class":53},[39,115819,115820,115822,115824,115826,115828,115830],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115821,13922],{"class":45},[39,115823,50],{"class":49},[39,115825,11772],{"class":45},[39,115827,94],{"class":53},[39,115829,12523],{"class":97},[39,115831,8257],{"class":53},[39,115833,115834],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,115835,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115837,115838,115840,115842,115844,115846,115848,115850,115852],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,115839,13941],{"class":45},[39,115841,3525],{"class":53},[39,115843,221],{"class":57},[39,115845,13160],{"class":53},[39,115847,13163],{"class":97},[39,115849,101],{"class":53},[39,115851,55948],{"class":57},[39,115853,80],{"class":53},[39,115855,115856],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,115857,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115859,115860,115862,115864,115866,115868],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,115861,113],{"class":112},[39,115863,101],{"class":53},[39,115865,11744],{"class":97},[39,115867,121],{"class":53},[39,115869,115592],{"class":124},[39,115871,115872,115874,115876,115878,115880],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,115873,113],{"class":112},[39,115875,101],{"class":53},[39,115877,13941],{"class":97},[39,115879,121],{"class":53},[39,115881,115882],{"class":124},"    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[20,115884,115885,115886,796,115888,115891],{},"Both changed because ",[15,115887,56052],{},[15,115889,115890],{},"copied[0]"," point to the same inner list.",[20,115893,115894,115895,94],{},"If you are new to this, it helps to first understand ",[173,115896,43542],{"href":11676},[134,115898,115900],{"id":115899},"what-a-deep-copy-does","What a deep copy does",[20,115902,14800,115903,115905],{},[3367,115904,115465],{}," creates a new outer object and also recursively copies the nested objects inside it.",[20,115907,1731],{},[147,115909,115910,115912,115915],{},[150,115911,115672],{},[150,115913,115914],{},"nested mutable objects are also new",[150,115916,115917],{},"changes inside nested structures do not affect the original",[20,115919,515],{},[30,115921,115923],{"className":32,"code":115922,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ncopied = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\ncopied[0].append(99)\n\nprint(original)  # [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(copied)    # [[1, 2, 99], [3, 4]]\n",[15,115924,115925,115931,115935,115961,115979,115983,116001,116005,116017],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,115926,115927,115929],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,115928,34706],{"class":572},[39,115930,115483],{"class":45},[39,115932,115933],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,115934,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115936,115937,115939,115941,115943,115945,115947,115949,115951,115953,115955,115957,115959],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,115938,11697],{"class":45},[39,115940,50],{"class":49},[39,115942,55895],{"class":53},[39,115944,58],{"class":57},[39,115946,61],{"class":53},[39,115948,64],{"class":57},[39,115950,17674],{"class":53},[39,115952,3249],{"class":53},[39,115954,479],{"class":57},[39,115956,61],{"class":53},[39,115958,2080],{"class":57},[39,115960,52844],{"class":53},[39,115962,115963,115965,115967,115969,115971,115973,115975,115977],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,115964,13922],{"class":45},[39,115966,50],{"class":49},[39,115968,115523],{"class":45},[39,115970,94],{"class":53},[39,115972,115547],{"class":97},[39,115974,101],{"class":53},[39,115976,11744],{"class":97},[39,115978,80],{"class":53},[39,115980,115981],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,115982,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,115984,115985,115987,115989,115991,115993,115995,115997,115999],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,115986,13941],{"class":45},[39,115988,3525],{"class":53},[39,115990,221],{"class":57},[39,115992,13160],{"class":53},[39,115994,13163],{"class":97},[39,115996,101],{"class":53},[39,115998,55948],{"class":57},[39,116000,80],{"class":53},[39,116002,116003],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,116004,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116006,116007,116009,116011,116013,116015],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,116008,113],{"class":112},[39,116010,101],{"class":53},[39,116012,11744],{"class":97},[39,116014,121],{"class":53},[39,116016,115764],{"class":124},[39,116018,116019,116021,116023,116025,116027],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,116020,113],{"class":112},[39,116022,101],{"class":53},[39,116024,13941],{"class":97},[39,116026,121],{"class":53},[39,116028,115882],{"class":124},[20,116030,116031,116032,116034,116035,94],{},"Here, the inner list was copied too, so changing ",[15,116033,115890],{}," does not change ",[15,116036,56052],{},[134,116038,116040],{"id":116039},"why-beginners-get-confused","Why beginners get confused",[20,116042,116043],{},"This topic is confusing because copying often appears to work at first.",[20,116045,116046],{},"Common reasons:",[147,116048,116049,116052,116055,116061],{},[150,116050,116051],{},"Simple lists of numbers often behave as expected",[150,116053,116054],{},"Problems usually appear only with nested lists or dictionaries",[150,116056,116057,116058,116060],{},"Assignment with ",[15,116059,50],{}," does not make a copy",[150,116062,116063],{},"Some methods make shallow copies, not deep copies",[20,116065,116066,116067,116069],{},"For example, this does ",[3367,116068,4254],{}," create a copy:",[30,116071,116073],{"className":32,"code":116072,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116074,116075,116095,116103,116107,116121,116125,116137],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116076,116077,116079,116081,116083,116085,116087,116089,116091,116093],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116078,11697],{"class":45},[39,116080,50],{"class":49},[39,116082,3249],{"class":53},[39,116084,58],{"class":57},[39,116086,61],{"class":53},[39,116088,64],{"class":57},[39,116090,61],{"class":53},[39,116092,73],{"class":57},[39,116094,3262],{"class":53},[39,116096,116097,116099,116101],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116098,13922],{"class":45},[39,116100,50],{"class":49},[39,116102,11735],{"class":45},[39,116104,116105],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,116106,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116108,116109,116111,116113,116115,116117,116119],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,116110,13941],{"class":45},[39,116112,94],{"class":53},[39,116114,13163],{"class":97},[39,116116,101],{"class":53},[39,116118,1333],{"class":57},[39,116120,80],{"class":53},[39,116122,116123],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,116124,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116126,116127,116129,116131,116133,116135],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,116128,113],{"class":112},[39,116130,101],{"class":53},[39,116132,11744],{"class":97},[39,116134,121],{"class":53},[39,116136,55302],{"class":124},[39,116138,116139,116141,116143,116145,116147],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,116140,113],{"class":112},[39,116142,101],{"class":53},[39,116144,13941],{"class":97},[39,116146,121],{"class":53},[39,116148,116149],{"class":124},"    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[20,116151,116152],{},"Both names refer to the same list.",[134,116154,116156],{"id":116155},"assignment-vs-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy","Assignment vs shallow copy vs deep copy",[20,116158,116159],{},"These three ideas are different.",[223,116161,116163],{"id":116162},"assignment","Assignment",[20,116165,116166],{},"With assignment, both names point to the same object.",[30,116168,116170],{"className":32,"code":116169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nassigned = original\n\nprint(original is assigned)  # True\n",[15,116171,116172,116198,116206,116210],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116173,116174,116176,116178,116180,116182,116184,116186,116188,116190,116192,116194,116196],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116175,11697],{"class":45},[39,116177,50],{"class":49},[39,116179,55895],{"class":53},[39,116181,58],{"class":57},[39,116183,61],{"class":53},[39,116185,64],{"class":57},[39,116187,17674],{"class":53},[39,116189,3249],{"class":53},[39,116191,479],{"class":57},[39,116193,61],{"class":53},[39,116195,2080],{"class":57},[39,116197,52844],{"class":53},[39,116199,116200,116202,116204],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116201,13713],{"class":45},[39,116203,50],{"class":49},[39,116205,11735],{"class":45},[39,116207,116208],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,116209,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116211,116212,116214,116216,116218,116220,116222,116224],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,116213,113],{"class":112},[39,116215,101],{"class":53},[39,116217,11697],{"class":97},[39,116219,11805],{"class":572},[39,116221,13781],{"class":97},[39,116223,121],{"class":53},[39,116225,1156],{"class":124},[20,116227,116228],{},"Changing one changes the other.",[223,116230,116232],{"id":116231},"shallow-copy","Shallow copy",[20,116234,116235],{},"With a shallow copy, the outer object is new, but inner objects are shared.",[30,116237,116239],{"className":32,"code":116238,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nshallow = original.copy()\n\nprint(original is shallow)      # False\nprint(original[0] is shallow[0])  # True\n",[15,116240,116241,116267,116281,116285,116302],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116242,116243,116245,116247,116249,116251,116253,116255,116257,116259,116261,116263,116265],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116244,11697],{"class":45},[39,116246,50],{"class":49},[39,116248,55895],{"class":53},[39,116250,58],{"class":57},[39,116252,61],{"class":53},[39,116254,64],{"class":57},[39,116256,17674],{"class":53},[39,116258,3249],{"class":53},[39,116260,479],{"class":57},[39,116262,61],{"class":53},[39,116264,2080],{"class":57},[39,116266,52844],{"class":53},[39,116268,116269,116271,116273,116275,116277,116279],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116270,115518],{"class":45},[39,116272,50],{"class":49},[39,116274,11772],{"class":45},[39,116276,94],{"class":53},[39,116278,12523],{"class":97},[39,116280,8257],{"class":53},[39,116282,116283],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,116284,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116286,116287,116289,116291,116293,116295,116298,116300],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,116288,113],{"class":112},[39,116290,101],{"class":53},[39,116292,11697],{"class":97},[39,116294,11805],{"class":572},[39,116296,116297],{"class":97}," shallow",[39,116299,121],{"class":53},[39,116301,20812],{"class":124},[39,116303,116304,116306,116308,116310,116312,116314,116316,116318,116320,116322,116324,116326],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,116305,113],{"class":112},[39,116307,101],{"class":53},[39,116309,11744],{"class":97},[39,116311,3525],{"class":53},[39,116313,221],{"class":57},[39,116315,12883],{"class":53},[39,116317,763],{"class":572},[39,116319,116297],{"class":97},[39,116321,3525],{"class":53},[39,116323,221],{"class":57},[39,116325,20058],{"class":53},[39,116327,1156],{"class":124},[223,116329,116331],{"id":116330},"deep-copy","Deep copy",[20,116333,116334],{},"With a deep copy, both the outer object and inner objects are copied.",[30,116336,116338],{"className":32,"code":116337,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import copy\n\noriginal = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\nprint(original is deep)         # False\nprint(original[0] is deep[0])   # False\n",[15,116339,116340,116346,116350,116376,116394,116398,116416],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116341,116342,116344],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116343,34706],{"class":572},[39,116345,115483],{"class":45},[39,116347,116348],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116349,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116351,116352,116354,116356,116358,116360,116362,116364,116366,116368,116370,116372,116374],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,116353,11697],{"class":45},[39,116355,50],{"class":49},[39,116357,55895],{"class":53},[39,116359,58],{"class":57},[39,116361,61],{"class":53},[39,116363,64],{"class":57},[39,116365,17674],{"class":53},[39,116367,3249],{"class":53},[39,116369,479],{"class":57},[39,116371,61],{"class":53},[39,116373,2080],{"class":57},[39,116375,52844],{"class":53},[39,116377,116378,116380,116382,116384,116386,116388,116390,116392],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,116379,115538],{"class":45},[39,116381,50],{"class":49},[39,116383,115523],{"class":45},[39,116385,94],{"class":53},[39,116387,115547],{"class":97},[39,116389,101],{"class":53},[39,116391,11744],{"class":97},[39,116393,80],{"class":53},[39,116395,116396],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,116397,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116399,116400,116402,116404,116406,116408,116411,116413],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,116401,113],{"class":112},[39,116403,101],{"class":53},[39,116405,11697],{"class":97},[39,116407,11805],{"class":572},[39,116409,116410],{"class":97}," deep",[39,116412,121],{"class":53},[39,116414,116415],{"class":124},"         # False\n",[39,116417,116418,116420,116422,116424,116426,116428,116430,116432,116434,116436,116438,116440],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,116419,113],{"class":112},[39,116421,101],{"class":53},[39,116423,11744],{"class":97},[39,116425,3525],{"class":53},[39,116427,221],{"class":57},[39,116429,12883],{"class":53},[39,116431,763],{"class":572},[39,116433,116410],{"class":97},[39,116435,3525],{"class":53},[39,116437,221],{"class":57},[39,116439,20058],{"class":53},[39,116441,1385],{"class":124},[134,116443,116445],{"id":116444},"common-ways-to-make-a-shallow-copy","Common ways to make a shallow copy",[20,116447,116448,116449,145],{},"These all make ",[3367,116450,116451],{},"shallow copies",[147,116453,116454,116458,116462,116467,116473],{},[150,116455,116456],{},[15,116457,55202],{},[150,116459,116460],{},[15,116461,12046],{},[150,116463,116464],{},[15,116465,116466],{},"set.copy()",[150,116468,116469,116470],{},"list slicing like ",[15,116471,116472],{},"my_list[:]",[150,116474,116475,116477,116478,34696],{},[15,116476,115625],{}," from the ",[15,116479,12523],{},[20,116481,1749],{},[30,116483,116485],{"className":32,"code":116484,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\n\na = numbers.copy()\nb = numbers[:]\n\nprint(a)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(b)  # [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,116486,116487,116507,116511,116525,116536,116540,116552],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116488,116489,116491,116493,116495,116497,116499,116501,116503,116505],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116490,46],{"class":45},[39,116492,50],{"class":49},[39,116494,3249],{"class":53},[39,116496,58],{"class":57},[39,116498,61],{"class":53},[39,116500,64],{"class":57},[39,116502,61],{"class":53},[39,116504,73],{"class":57},[39,116506,3262],{"class":53},[39,116508,116509],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116510,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116512,116513,116515,116517,116519,116521,116523],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,116514,2176],{"class":45},[39,116516,50],{"class":49},[39,116518,91],{"class":45},[39,116520,94],{"class":53},[39,116522,12523],{"class":97},[39,116524,8257],{"class":53},[39,116526,116527,116529,116531,116533],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,116528,2204],{"class":45},[39,116530,50],{"class":49},[39,116532,91],{"class":45},[39,116534,116535],{"class":53},"[:]\n",[39,116537,116538],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,116539,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116541,116542,116544,116546,116548,116550],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,116543,113],{"class":112},[39,116545,101],{"class":53},[39,116547,173],{"class":97},[39,116549,121],{"class":53},[39,116551,54533],{"class":124},[39,116553,116554,116556,116558,116560,116562],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,116555,113],{"class":112},[39,116557,101],{"class":53},[39,116559,1070],{"class":97},[39,116561,121],{"class":53},[39,116563,54533],{"class":124},[20,116565,72730,116566,47139,116570,94],{},[173,116567,116568,1533],{"href":54561},[15,116569,55202],{},[173,116571,116572,1533],{"href":12043},[15,116573,12046],{},[134,116575,116577],{"id":116576},"when-shallow-copy-is-enough","When shallow copy is enough",[20,116579,116580],{},"A shallow copy is often enough when:",[147,116582,116583,116586,116589],{},[150,116584,116585],{},"your data is flat and not nested",[150,116587,116588],{},"you only need a separate outer container",[150,116590,116591],{},"you do not plan to change nested mutable values",[20,116593,116594],{},"Example with a flat list:",[30,116596,116598],{"className":32,"code":116597,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original = [1, 2, 3]\ncopied = original.copy()\n\ncopied.append(4)\n\nprint(original)  # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(copied)    # [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",[15,116599,116600,116620,116634,116638,116652,116656,116668],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116601,116602,116604,116606,116608,116610,116612,116614,116616,116618],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116603,11697],{"class":45},[39,116605,50],{"class":49},[39,116607,3249],{"class":53},[39,116609,58],{"class":57},[39,116611,61],{"class":53},[39,116613,64],{"class":57},[39,116615,61],{"class":53},[39,116617,73],{"class":57},[39,116619,3262],{"class":53},[39,116621,116622,116624,116626,116628,116630,116632],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116623,13922],{"class":45},[39,116625,50],{"class":49},[39,116627,11772],{"class":45},[39,116629,94],{"class":53},[39,116631,12523],{"class":97},[39,116633,8257],{"class":53},[39,116635,116636],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,116637,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116639,116640,116642,116644,116646,116648,116650],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,116641,13941],{"class":45},[39,116643,94],{"class":53},[39,116645,13163],{"class":97},[39,116647,101],{"class":53},[39,116649,1333],{"class":57},[39,116651,80],{"class":53},[39,116653,116654],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,116655,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116657,116658,116660,116662,116664,116666],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,116659,113],{"class":112},[39,116661,101],{"class":53},[39,116663,11744],{"class":97},[39,116665,121],{"class":53},[39,116667,54533],{"class":124},[39,116669,116670,116672,116674,116676,116678],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,116671,113],{"class":112},[39,116673,101],{"class":53},[39,116675,13941],{"class":97},[39,116677,121],{"class":53},[39,116679,116149],{"class":124},[20,116681,116682],{},"This works fine because the list contains integers, and integers are immutable.",[20,116684,116685,116686,94],{},"If you just want the common ways to duplicate a list, see ",[173,116687,14499],{"href":56821},[134,116689,116691],{"id":116690},"when-deep-copy-is-safer","When deep copy is safer",[20,116693,116694],{},"A deep copy is safer when:",[147,116696,116697,116700,116703],{},[150,116698,116699],{},"your data contains nested lists, dictionaries, or sets",[150,116701,116702],{},"you need to modify inner values without changing the original",[150,116704,116705],{},"you want a fully independent duplicate",[20,116707,116708],{},"Example with a dictionary containing a list:",[30,116710,116712],{"className":32,"code":116711,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"import copy\n\noriginal = {\"scores\": [10, 20]}\nshallow = original.copy()\ndeep = copy.deepcopy(original)\n\noriginal[\"scores\"].append(30)\n\nprint(original)  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(shallow)   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\nprint(deep)      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[15,116713,116714,116720,116724,116750,116764,116782,116786,116808,116812,116825,116838],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116715,116716,116718],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116717,34706],{"class":572},[39,116719,115483],{"class":45},[39,116721,116722],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116723,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116725,116726,116728,116730,116732,116734,116736,116738,116740,116742,116744,116746,116748],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,116727,11697],{"class":45},[39,116729,50],{"class":49},[39,116731,10103],{"class":53},[39,116733,244],{"class":243},[39,116735,16001],{"class":247},[39,116737,244],{"class":243},[39,116739,145],{"class":53},[39,116741,3249],{"class":53},[39,116743,682],{"class":57},[39,116745,61],{"class":53},[39,116747,687],{"class":57},[39,116749,13316],{"class":53},[39,116751,116752,116754,116756,116758,116760,116762],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,116753,115518],{"class":45},[39,116755,50],{"class":49},[39,116757,11772],{"class":45},[39,116759,94],{"class":53},[39,116761,12523],{"class":97},[39,116763,8257],{"class":53},[39,116765,116766,116768,116770,116772,116774,116776,116778,116780],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,116767,115538],{"class":45},[39,116769,50],{"class":49},[39,116771,115523],{"class":45},[39,116773,94],{"class":53},[39,116775,115547],{"class":97},[39,116777,101],{"class":53},[39,116779,11744],{"class":97},[39,116781,80],{"class":53},[39,116783,116784],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,116785,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116787,116788,116790,116792,116794,116796,116798,116800,116802,116804,116806],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,116789,11744],{"class":45},[39,116791,3525],{"class":53},[39,116793,244],{"class":243},[39,116795,16001],{"class":247},[39,116797,244],{"class":243},[39,116799,13160],{"class":53},[39,116801,13163],{"class":97},[39,116803,101],{"class":53},[39,116805,36455],{"class":57},[39,116807,80],{"class":53},[39,116809,116810],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,116811,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116813,116814,116816,116818,116820,116822],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,116815,113],{"class":112},[39,116817,101],{"class":53},[39,116819,11744],{"class":97},[39,116821,121],{"class":53},[39,116823,116824],{"class":124},"  # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[39,116826,116827,116829,116831,116833,116835],{"class":41,"line":6052},[39,116828,113],{"class":112},[39,116830,101],{"class":53},[39,116832,115601],{"class":97},[39,116834,121],{"class":53},[39,116836,116837],{"class":124},"   # {'scores': [10, 20, 30]}\n",[39,116839,116840,116842,116844,116846,116848],{"class":41,"line":11206},[39,116841,113],{"class":112},[39,116843,101],{"class":53},[39,116845,115615],{"class":97},[39,116847,121],{"class":53},[39,116849,116850],{"class":124},"      # {'scores': [10, 20]}\n",[20,116852,116853],{},"The shallow copy still shares the inner list. The deep copy does not.",[134,116855,116857],{"id":116856},"important-limits-and-caution","Important limits and caution",[20,116859,116860],{},"Keep these points in mind:",[147,116862,116863,116866,116869,116872],{},[150,116864,116865],{},"Deep copy can be slower on large objects",[150,116867,116868],{},"Not every object copies cleanly in every situation",[150,116870,116871],{},"Copy only when you really need a separate object",[150,116873,116874],{},"Immutable values like integers and strings do not cause the same shared-mutation problem",[20,116876,116877],{},"For example, strings and integers do not behave like nested lists because they cannot be changed in place.",[30,116879,116881],{"className":32,"code":116880,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = 10\nb = a\n\nb = 20\n\nprint(a)  # 10\nprint(b)  # 20\n",[15,116882,116883,116891,116899,116903,116911,116915,116927],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116884,116885,116887,116889],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116886,2176],{"class":45},[39,116888,50],{"class":49},[39,116890,2209],{"class":57},[39,116892,116893,116895,116897],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116894,2204],{"class":45},[39,116896,50],{"class":49},[39,116898,35789],{"class":45},[39,116900,116901],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,116902,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116904,116905,116907,116909],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,116906,2204],{"class":45},[39,116908,50],{"class":49},[39,116910,14225],{"class":57},[39,116912,116913],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,116914,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,116916,116917,116919,116921,116923,116925],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,116918,113],{"class":112},[39,116920,101],{"class":53},[39,116922,173],{"class":97},[39,116924,121],{"class":53},[39,116926,26407],{"class":124},[39,116928,116929,116931,116933,116935,116937],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,116930,113],{"class":112},[39,116932,101],{"class":53},[39,116934,1070],{"class":97},[39,116936,121],{"class":53},[39,116938,27228],{"class":124},[20,116940,93101,116941,116944],{},[173,116942,116943],{"href":11676},"mutable vs immutable types"," matters when learning about copying.",[134,116946,944],{"id":943},[20,116948,116949],{},"These mistakes cause most copy-related bugs:",[147,116951,116952,116956,116961,116966,116969],{},[150,116953,948,116954,56385],{},[15,116955,50],{},[150,116957,948,116958,116960],{},[15,116959,55202],{}," on a nested list and expecting full independence",[150,116962,948,116963,116965],{},[15,116964,12046],{}," on a dictionary that contains lists or dictionaries",[150,116967,116968],{},"Changing an inner list after making a shallow copy",[150,116970,116971],{},"Not realizing the difference between mutable and immutable values",[20,116973,116974],{},"If something seems wrong, these checks can help:",[30,116976,116978],{"className":32,"code":116977,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(original is copied)\nprint(original == copied)\nprint(id(original), id(copied))\nprint(id(original[0]), id(copied[0]))\nprint(type(original))\n",[15,116979,116980,116994,117008,117030,117061],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,116981,116982,116984,116986,116988,116990,116992],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,116983,113],{"class":112},[39,116985,101],{"class":53},[39,116987,11697],{"class":97},[39,116989,11805],{"class":572},[39,116991,13995],{"class":97},[39,116993,80],{"class":53},[39,116995,116996,116998,117000,117002,117004,117006],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,116997,113],{"class":112},[39,116999,101],{"class":53},[39,117001,11697],{"class":97},[39,117003,4312],{"class":49},[39,117005,13995],{"class":97},[39,117007,80],{"class":53},[39,117009,117010,117012,117014,117016,117018,117020,117022,117024,117026,117028],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,117011,113],{"class":112},[39,117013,101],{"class":53},[39,117015,12261],{"class":112},[39,117017,101],{"class":53},[39,117019,11744],{"class":97},[39,117021,8846],{"class":53},[39,117023,14427],{"class":112},[39,117025,101],{"class":53},[39,117027,13941],{"class":97},[39,117029,1026],{"class":53},[39,117031,117032,117034,117036,117038,117040,117042,117044,117046,117049,117051,117053,117055,117057,117059],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,117033,113],{"class":112},[39,117035,101],{"class":53},[39,117037,12261],{"class":112},[39,117039,101],{"class":53},[39,117041,11744],{"class":97},[39,117043,3525],{"class":53},[39,117045,221],{"class":57},[39,117047,117048],{"class":53},"]),",[39,117050,14427],{"class":112},[39,117052,101],{"class":53},[39,117054,13941],{"class":97},[39,117056,3525],{"class":53},[39,117058,221],{"class":57},[39,117060,2621],{"class":53},[39,117062,117063,117065,117067,117069,117071,117073],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,117064,113],{"class":112},[39,117066,101],{"class":53},[39,117068,2845],{"class":2523},[39,117070,101],{"class":53},[39,117072,11744],{"class":97},[39,117074,1026],{"class":53},[20,117076,117077],{},"What they tell you:",[147,117079,117080,117085,117090,117095,117105],{},[150,117081,117082,117084],{},[15,117083,11805],{}," checks whether two names refer to the same object",[150,117086,117087,117089],{},[15,117088,4312],{}," checks whether values are equal",[150,117091,117092,117094],{},[15,117093,43096],{}," shows the identity of an object",[150,117096,117097,117098,796,117101,117104],{},"comparing ",[15,117099,117100],{},"id(original[0])",[15,117102,117103],{},"id(copied[0])"," helps detect shared inner objects",[150,117106,117107,117109],{},[15,117108,1926],{}," confirms what kind of object you are copying",[134,117111,1454],{"id":1453},[223,117113,117115],{"id":117114},"does-create-a-copy-in-python","Does = create a copy in Python?",[20,117117,117118],{},"No. It creates another reference to the same object.",[223,117120,56871],{"id":56786},[20,117122,117123],{},"No. It is a shallow copy.",[223,117125,117127],{"id":117126},"when-do-i-need-deepcopy","When do I need deepcopy()?",[20,117129,117130],{},"Use it when your object contains nested mutable values and you want full independence.",[223,117132,117134],{"id":117133},"do-strings-and-integers-need-deep-copy","Do strings and integers need deep copy?",[20,117136,117137],{},"Usually no. They are immutable, so changing one variable does not change the original value.",[223,117139,117141],{"id":117140},"why-did-changing-one-list-change-the-other","Why did changing one list change the other?",[20,117143,117144],{},"They likely share the same inner object because of assignment or a shallow copy.",[134,117146,1514],{"id":1513},[147,117148,117149,117154,117160,117166,117170],{},[150,117150,117151],{},[173,117152,117153],{"href":11676},"Mutability in Python explained: mutable vs immutable types",[150,117155,117156],{},[173,117157,3202,117158,1533],{"href":54561},[15,117159,55202],{},[150,117161,117162],{},[173,117163,3202,117164,1533],{"href":12043},[15,117165,12046],{},[150,117167,117168],{},[173,117169,14576],{"href":56821},[150,117171,117172],{},[173,117173,117174],{"href":58090},"What is a list in Python?",[1550,117176,117177],{},"html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":117179},[117180,117181,117182,117183,117184,117185,117190,117191,117192,117193,117194,117195,117202],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":115635,"depth":83,"text":115636},{"id":115656,"depth":83,"text":115657},{"id":115899,"depth":83,"text":115900},{"id":116039,"depth":83,"text":116040},{"id":116155,"depth":83,"text":116156,"children":117186},[117187,117188,117189],{"id":116162,"depth":109,"text":116163},{"id":116231,"depth":109,"text":116232},{"id":116330,"depth":109,"text":116331},{"id":116444,"depth":83,"text":116445},{"id":116576,"depth":83,"text":116577},{"id":116690,"depth":83,"text":116691},{"id":116856,"depth":83,"text":116857},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":117196},[117197,117198,117199,117200,117201],{"id":117114,"depth":109,"text":117115},{"id":56786,"depth":109,"text":56871},{"id":117126,"depth":109,"text":117127},{"id":117133,"depth":109,"text":117134},{"id":117140,"depth":109,"text":117141},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python shallow copy vs deep copy explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":115436,"description":117203},"reference\u002Fpython-shallow-copy-vs-deep-copy-explained","4P8qWKs1knuRzO-mq5pz1MvM10FXTsG04QbHQz5pkwk",{"id":117209,"title":117210,"body":117211,"description":119068,"extension":1587,"meta":119069,"navigation":420,"path":119070,"seo":119071,"stem":119072,"__hash__":119073},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained.md","Python sorted() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":117212,"toc":119026},[117213,117218,117223,117231,117233,117301,117306,117311,117326,117329,117331,117362,117364,117384,117387,117402,117404,117407,117480,117482,117527,117529,117540,117545,117549,117554,117557,117596,117598,117618,117621,117678,117680,117715,117718,117757,117759,117779,117782,117813,117815,117871,117873,117878,117949,117951,117984,117989,117994,118059,118061,118098,118101,118178,118180,118240,118247,118252,118255,118258,118339,118341,118382,118387,118390,118468,118470,118503,118512,118519,118522,118533,118536,118547,118551,118559,118568,118572,118577,118581,118586,118629,118632,118638,118641,118643,118690,118695,118699,118702,118751,118753,118774,118777,118779,118804,118807,118928,118933,118935,118940,118943,118948,118951,118959,118964,118971,118974,118982,118985,118987,119023],[10,117214,3202,117216,3206],{"id":117215},"python-sorted-function-explained",[15,117217,74014],{},[20,117219,117220,117222],{},[15,117221,74014],{}," is a built-in Python function that returns a new list in sorted order.",[20,117224,117225,117226,1814,117228,117230],{},"It is useful when you want to sort values without changing the original data. Unlike ",[15,117227,77457],{},[15,117229,74014],{}," also works with many iterable types, not just lists.",[134,117232,3235],{"id":3234},[30,117234,117236],{"className":32,"code":117235,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)      # [1, 2, 3]\nprint(numbers)     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[15,117237,117238,117258,117272,117276,117288],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117239,117240,117242,117244,117246,117248,117250,117252,117254,117256],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117241,46],{"class":45},[39,117243,50],{"class":49},[39,117245,3249],{"class":53},[39,117247,479],{"class":57},[39,117249,61],{"class":53},[39,117251,595],{"class":57},[39,117253,61],{"class":53},[39,117255,64],{"class":57},[39,117257,3262],{"class":53},[39,117259,117260,117262,117264,117266,117268,117270],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117261,86],{"class":45},[39,117263,50],{"class":49},[39,117265,74148],{"class":112},[39,117267,101],{"class":53},[39,117269,992],{"class":97},[39,117271,80],{"class":53},[39,117273,117274],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,117275,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,117277,117278,117280,117282,117284,117286],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,117279,113],{"class":112},[39,117281,101],{"class":53},[39,117283,118],{"class":97},[39,117285,121],{"class":53},[39,117287,55289],{"class":124},[39,117289,117290,117292,117294,117296,117298],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,117291,113],{"class":112},[39,117293,101],{"class":53},[39,117295,992],{"class":97},[39,117297,121],{"class":53},[39,117299,117300],{"class":124},"     # [3, 1, 2]\n",[20,117302,117303,117305],{},[15,117304,74014],{}," returns a new sorted list and does not change the original object.",[134,117307,137,117309,140],{"id":117308},"what-sorted-does",[15,117310,74014],{},[147,117312,117313,117317,117320,117323],{},[150,117314,117315,62517],{},[15,117316,74014],{},[150,117318,117319],{},"It returns a new list in sorted order.",[150,117321,117322],{},"It works with many iterable objects, not just lists.",[150,117324,117325],{},"It does not modify the original data.",[20,117327,117328],{},"This means you can use it with lists, tuples, sets, strings, and other iterable values.",[134,117330,1781],{"id":1780},[30,117332,117334],{"className":32,"code":117333,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"sorted(iterable, key=None, reverse=False)\n",[15,117335,117336],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117337,117338,117340,117342,117344,117346,117348,117350,117352,117354,117356,117358,117360],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117339,74104],{"class":112},[39,117341,101],{"class":53},[39,117343,3344],{"class":97},[39,117345,61],{"class":53},[39,117347,21191],{"class":8788},[39,117349,50],{"class":49},[39,117351,3403],{"class":3477},[39,117353,61],{"class":53},[39,117355,77660],{"class":8788},[39,117357,50],{"class":49},[39,117359,1038],{"class":3477},[39,117361,80],{"class":53},[223,117363,17008],{"id":17007},[147,117365,117366,117371,117376],{},[150,117367,117368,117370],{},[15,117369,3344],{},": the values to sort",[150,117372,117373,117375],{},[15,117374,14452],{},": an optional function that decides how items are compared",[150,117377,117378,117380,117381,117383],{},[15,117379,73167],{},": set to ",[15,117382,939],{}," to sort in descending order",[20,117385,117386],{},"In many cases, you only need:",[30,117388,117390],{"className":32,"code":117389,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"sorted(my_values)\n",[15,117391,117392],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117393,117394,117396,117398,117400],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117395,74104],{"class":112},[39,117397,101],{"class":53},[39,117399,59898],{"class":97},[39,117401,80],{"class":53},[134,117403,355],{"id":354},[20,117405,117406],{},"Here is a basic example with numbers:",[30,117408,117410],{"className":32,"code":117409,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 2, 8, 1]\n\nsorted_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(sorted_numbers)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,117411,117412,117436,117440,117455,117459,117470],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117413,117414,117416,117418,117420,117422,117424,117426,117428,117430,117432,117434],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117415,46],{"class":45},[39,117417,50],{"class":49},[39,117419,3249],{"class":53},[39,117421,1376],{"class":57},[39,117423,61],{"class":53},[39,117425,64],{"class":57},[39,117427,61],{"class":53},[39,117429,5975],{"class":57},[39,117431,61],{"class":53},[39,117433,595],{"class":57},[39,117435,3262],{"class":53},[39,117437,117438],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117439,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,117441,117442,117445,117447,117449,117451,117453],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,117443,117444],{"class":45},"sorted_numbers ",[39,117446,50],{"class":49},[39,117448,74148],{"class":112},[39,117450,101],{"class":53},[39,117452,992],{"class":97},[39,117454,80],{"class":53},[39,117456,117457],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,117458,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,117460,117461,117463,117465,117468],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,117462,113],{"class":112},[39,117464,101],{"class":53},[39,117466,117467],{"class":97},"sorted_numbers",[39,117469,80],{"class":53},[39,117471,117472,117474,117476,117478],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,117473,113],{"class":112},[39,117475,101],{"class":53},[39,117477,992],{"class":97},[39,117479,80],{"class":53},[20,117481,458],{},[30,117483,117485],{"className":32,"code":117484,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 5, 8]\n[5, 2, 8, 1]\n",[15,117486,117487,117507],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117488,117489,117491,117493,117495,117497,117499,117501,117503,117505],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117490,3525],{"class":53},[39,117492,58],{"class":57},[39,117494,61],{"class":53},[39,117496,64],{"class":57},[39,117498,61],{"class":53},[39,117500,4228],{"class":57},[39,117502,61],{"class":53},[39,117504,5975],{"class":57},[39,117506,3262],{"class":53},[39,117508,117509,117511,117513,117515,117517,117519,117521,117523,117525],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117510,3525],{"class":53},[39,117512,1376],{"class":57},[39,117514,61],{"class":53},[39,117516,64],{"class":57},[39,117518,61],{"class":53},[39,117520,5975],{"class":57},[39,117522,61],{"class":53},[39,117524,595],{"class":57},[39,117526,3262],{"class":53},[20,117528,13373],{},[147,117530,117531,117536],{},[150,117532,117533,117535],{},[15,117534,117467],{}," is a new sorted list",[150,117537,117538,112072],{},[15,117539,992],{},[20,117541,117542,117543,94],{},"If you want to sort a list in place instead, see ",[173,117544,77967],{"href":77966},[134,117546,117548],{"id":117547},"sorting-different-iterable-types","Sorting different iterable types",[20,117550,117551,117553],{},[15,117552,74014],{}," works with more than lists. The result is always a new list.",[223,117555,117556],{"id":7710},"List",[30,117558,117560],{"className":32,"code":117559,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nprint(sorted(numbers))\n",[15,117561,117562,117582],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117563,117564,117566,117568,117570,117572,117574,117576,117578,117580],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117565,46],{"class":45},[39,117567,50],{"class":49},[39,117569,3249],{"class":53},[39,117571,479],{"class":57},[39,117573,61],{"class":53},[39,117575,595],{"class":57},[39,117577,61],{"class":53},[39,117579,64],{"class":57},[39,117581,3262],{"class":53},[39,117583,117584,117586,117588,117590,117592,117594],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117585,113],{"class":112},[39,117587,101],{"class":53},[39,117589,74104],{"class":112},[39,117591,101],{"class":53},[39,117593,992],{"class":97},[39,117595,1026],{"class":53},[20,117597,458],{},[30,117599,117600],{"className":32,"code":54751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,117601,117602],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117603,117604,117606,117608,117610,117612,117614,117616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117605,3525],{"class":53},[39,117607,58],{"class":57},[39,117609,61],{"class":53},[39,117611,64],{"class":57},[39,117613,61],{"class":53},[39,117615,73],{"class":57},[39,117617,3262],{"class":53},[223,117619,117620],{"id":48559},"Tuple",[30,117622,117624],{"className":32,"code":117623,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (3, 1, 2)\nprint(sorted(values))\nprint(type(sorted(values)))\n",[15,117625,117626,117646,117660],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117627,117628,117630,117632,117634,117636,117638,117640,117642,117644],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117629,812],{"class":45},[39,117631,50],{"class":49},[39,117633,54],{"class":53},[39,117635,479],{"class":57},[39,117637,61],{"class":53},[39,117639,595],{"class":57},[39,117641,61],{"class":53},[39,117643,64],{"class":57},[39,117645,80],{"class":53},[39,117647,117648,117650,117652,117654,117656,117658],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117649,113],{"class":112},[39,117651,101],{"class":53},[39,117653,74104],{"class":112},[39,117655,101],{"class":53},[39,117657,856],{"class":97},[39,117659,1026],{"class":53},[39,117661,117662,117664,117666,117668,117670,117672,117674,117676],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,117663,113],{"class":112},[39,117665,101],{"class":53},[39,117667,2845],{"class":2523},[39,117669,101],{"class":53},[39,117671,74104],{"class":112},[39,117673,101],{"class":53},[39,117675,856],{"class":97},[39,117677,2534],{"class":53},[20,117679,458],{},[30,117681,117683],{"className":32,"code":117682,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,117684,117685,117701],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117686,117687,117689,117691,117693,117695,117697,117699],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117688,3525],{"class":53},[39,117690,58],{"class":57},[39,117692,61],{"class":53},[39,117694,64],{"class":57},[39,117696,61],{"class":53},[39,117698,73],{"class":57},[39,117700,3262],{"class":53},[39,117702,117703,117705,117707,117709,117711,117713],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117704,2914],{"class":49},[39,117706,2917],{"class":1689},[39,117708,2920],{"class":243},[39,117710,7710],{"class":247},[39,117712,629],{"class":243},[39,117714,2927],{"class":49},[223,117716,117717],{"id":5902},"Set",[30,117719,117721],{"className":32,"code":117720,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = {3, 1, 2}\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,117722,117723,117743],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117724,117725,117727,117729,117731,117733,117735,117737,117739,117741],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117726,812],{"class":45},[39,117728,50],{"class":49},[39,117730,10103],{"class":53},[39,117732,479],{"class":57},[39,117734,61],{"class":53},[39,117736,595],{"class":57},[39,117738,61],{"class":53},[39,117740,64],{"class":57},[39,117742,8921],{"class":53},[39,117744,117745,117747,117749,117751,117753,117755],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117746,113],{"class":112},[39,117748,101],{"class":53},[39,117750,74104],{"class":112},[39,117752,101],{"class":53},[39,117754,856],{"class":97},[39,117756,1026],{"class":53},[20,117758,458],{},[30,117760,117761],{"className":32,"code":54751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,117762,117763],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117764,117765,117767,117769,117771,117773,117775,117777],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117766,3525],{"class":53},[39,117768,58],{"class":57},[39,117770,61],{"class":53},[39,117772,64],{"class":57},[39,117774,61],{"class":53},[39,117776,73],{"class":57},[39,117778,3262],{"class":53},[223,117780,117781],{"id":60765},"String",[30,117783,117785],{"className":32,"code":117784,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"python\"\nprint(sorted(text))\n",[15,117786,117787,117799],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117788,117789,117791,117793,117795,117797],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117790,34302],{"class":45},[39,117792,50],{"class":49},[39,117794,255],{"class":243},[39,117796,34],{"class":247},[39,117798,2983],{"class":243},[39,117800,117801,117803,117805,117807,117809,117811],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117802,113],{"class":112},[39,117804,101],{"class":53},[39,117806,74104],{"class":112},[39,117808,101],{"class":53},[39,117810,34323],{"class":97},[39,117812,1026],{"class":53},[20,117814,458],{},[30,117816,117817],{"className":32,"code":78984,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,117818,117819],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117820,117821,117823,117825,117827,117829,117831,117833,117835,117837,117839,117841,117843,117845,117847,117849,117851,117853,117855,117857,117859,117861,117863,117865,117867,117869],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117822,3525],{"class":53},[39,117824,629],{"class":243},[39,117826,60029],{"class":247},[39,117828,629],{"class":243},[39,117830,61],{"class":53},[39,117832,2920],{"class":243},[39,117834,75620],{"class":247},[39,117836,629],{"class":243},[39,117838,61],{"class":53},[39,117840,2920],{"class":243},[39,117842,60064],{"class":247},[39,117844,629],{"class":243},[39,117846,61],{"class":53},[39,117848,2920],{"class":243},[39,117850,20],{"class":247},[39,117852,629],{"class":243},[39,117854,61],{"class":53},[39,117856,2920],{"class":243},[39,117858,62878],{"class":247},[39,117860,629],{"class":243},[39,117862,61],{"class":53},[39,117864,2920],{"class":243},[39,117866,11357],{"class":247},[39,117868,629],{"class":243},[39,117870,3262],{"class":53},[223,117872,28835],{"id":15216},[20,117874,63131,117875,117877],{},[15,117876,74014],{},", Python sorts the dictionary keys.",[30,117879,117881],{"className":32,"code":117880,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 20, \"city\": \"Lima\"}\nprint(sorted(person))\n",[15,117882,117883,117935],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117884,117885,117887,117889,117891,117893,117895,117897,117899,117901,117903,117905,117907,117909,117911,117913,117915,117917,117919,117921,117923,117925,117927,117929,117931,117933],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117886,12814],{"class":45},[39,117888,50],{"class":49},[39,117890,10103],{"class":53},[39,117892,244],{"class":243},[39,117894,7285],{"class":247},[39,117896,244],{"class":243},[39,117898,145],{"class":53},[39,117900,255],{"class":243},[39,117902,12492],{"class":247},[39,117904,244],{"class":243},[39,117906,61],{"class":53},[39,117908,255],{"class":243},[39,117910,8911],{"class":247},[39,117912,244],{"class":243},[39,117914,145],{"class":53},[39,117916,687],{"class":57},[39,117918,61],{"class":53},[39,117920,255],{"class":243},[39,117922,10021],{"class":247},[39,117924,244],{"class":243},[39,117926,145],{"class":53},[39,117928,255],{"class":243},[39,117930,15643],{"class":247},[39,117932,244],{"class":243},[39,117934,8921],{"class":53},[39,117936,117937,117939,117941,117943,117945,117947],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,117938,113],{"class":112},[39,117940,101],{"class":53},[39,117942,74104],{"class":112},[39,117944,101],{"class":53},[39,117946,16920],{"class":97},[39,117948,1026],{"class":53},[20,117950,458],{},[30,117952,117954],{"className":32,"code":117953,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['age', 'city', 'name']\n",[15,117955,117956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,117957,117958,117960,117962,117964,117966,117968,117970,117972,117974,117976,117978,117980,117982],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,117959,3525],{"class":53},[39,117961,629],{"class":243},[39,117963,8911],{"class":247},[39,117965,629],{"class":243},[39,117967,61],{"class":53},[39,117969,2920],{"class":243},[39,117971,10021],{"class":247},[39,117973,629],{"class":243},[39,117975,61],{"class":53},[39,117977,2920],{"class":243},[39,117979,7285],{"class":247},[39,117981,629],{"class":243},[39,117983,3262],{"class":53},[134,117985,948,117987],{"id":117986},"using-reversetrue",[15,117988,77681],{},[20,117990,128,117991,117993],{},[15,117992,77681],{}," when you want descending order instead of ascending order.",[30,117995,117997],{"className":32,"code":117996,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers))\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n",[15,117998,117999,118019,118023,118037],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118000,118001,118003,118005,118007,118009,118011,118013,118015,118017],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118002,46],{"class":45},[39,118004,50],{"class":49},[39,118006,3249],{"class":53},[39,118008,479],{"class":57},[39,118010,61],{"class":53},[39,118012,595],{"class":57},[39,118014,61],{"class":53},[39,118016,64],{"class":57},[39,118018,3262],{"class":53},[39,118020,118021],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118022,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,118024,118025,118027,118029,118031,118033,118035],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,118026,113],{"class":112},[39,118028,101],{"class":53},[39,118030,74104],{"class":112},[39,118032,101],{"class":53},[39,118034,992],{"class":97},[39,118036,1026],{"class":53},[39,118038,118039,118041,118043,118045,118047,118049,118051,118053,118055,118057],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,118040,113],{"class":112},[39,118042,101],{"class":53},[39,118044,74104],{"class":112},[39,118046,101],{"class":53},[39,118048,992],{"class":97},[39,118050,61],{"class":53},[39,118052,77660],{"class":8788},[39,118054,50],{"class":49},[39,118056,939],{"class":3477},[39,118058,1026],{"class":53},[20,118060,458],{},[30,118062,118064],{"className":32,"code":118063,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,118065,118066,118082],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118067,118068,118070,118072,118074,118076,118078,118080],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118069,3525],{"class":53},[39,118071,58],{"class":57},[39,118073,61],{"class":53},[39,118075,64],{"class":57},[39,118077,61],{"class":53},[39,118079,73],{"class":57},[39,118081,3262],{"class":53},[39,118083,118084,118086,118088,118090,118092,118094,118096],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118085,3525],{"class":53},[39,118087,479],{"class":57},[39,118089,61],{"class":53},[39,118091,64],{"class":57},[39,118093,61],{"class":53},[39,118095,595],{"class":57},[39,118097,3262],{"class":53},[20,118099,118100],{},"This also works with strings:",[30,118102,118104],{"className":32,"code":118103,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words))\nprint(sorted(words, reverse=True))\n",[15,118105,118106,118138,118142,118156],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118107,118108,118110,118112,118114,118116,118118,118120,118122,118124,118126,118128,118130,118132,118134,118136],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118109,1191],{"class":45},[39,118111,50],{"class":49},[39,118113,3249],{"class":53},[39,118115,244],{"class":243},[39,118117,377],{"class":247},[39,118119,244],{"class":243},[39,118121,61],{"class":53},[39,118123,255],{"class":243},[39,118125,386],{"class":247},[39,118127,244],{"class":243},[39,118129,61],{"class":53},[39,118131,255],{"class":243},[39,118133,3720],{"class":247},[39,118135,244],{"class":243},[39,118137,3262],{"class":53},[39,118139,118140],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118141,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,118143,118144,118146,118148,118150,118152,118154],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,118145,113],{"class":112},[39,118147,101],{"class":53},[39,118149,74104],{"class":112},[39,118151,101],{"class":53},[39,118153,1229],{"class":97},[39,118155,1026],{"class":53},[39,118157,118158,118160,118162,118164,118166,118168,118170,118172,118174,118176],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,118159,113],{"class":112},[39,118161,101],{"class":53},[39,118163,74104],{"class":112},[39,118165,101],{"class":53},[39,118167,1229],{"class":97},[39,118169,61],{"class":53},[39,118171,77660],{"class":8788},[39,118173,50],{"class":49},[39,118175,939],{"class":3477},[39,118177,1026],{"class":53},[20,118179,458],{},[30,118181,118182],{"className":32,"code":73748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,118183,118184,118212],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118185,118186,118188,118190,118192,118194,118196,118198,118200,118202,118204,118206,118208,118210],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118187,3525],{"class":53},[39,118189,629],{"class":243},[39,118191,377],{"class":247},[39,118193,629],{"class":243},[39,118195,61],{"class":53},[39,118197,2920],{"class":243},[39,118199,386],{"class":247},[39,118201,629],{"class":243},[39,118203,61],{"class":53},[39,118205,2920],{"class":243},[39,118207,3720],{"class":247},[39,118209,629],{"class":243},[39,118211,3262],{"class":53},[39,118213,118214,118216,118218,118220,118222,118224,118226,118228,118230,118232,118234,118236,118238],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118215,3525],{"class":53},[39,118217,629],{"class":243},[39,118219,3720],{"class":247},[39,118221,629],{"class":243},[39,118223,61],{"class":53},[39,118225,2920],{"class":243},[39,118227,386],{"class":247},[39,118229,629],{"class":243},[39,118231,61],{"class":53},[39,118233,2920],{"class":243},[39,118235,377],{"class":247},[39,118237,629],{"class":243},[39,118239,3262],{"class":53},[134,118241,948,118243,118246],{"id":118242},"using-key-for-custom-sorting",[15,118244,118245],{},"key="," for custom sorting",[20,118248,1604,118249,118251],{},[15,118250,118245],{}," argument lets you control how values are sorted.",[20,118253,118254],{},"Python applies the key function to each item, then sorts based on the result.",[20,118256,118257],{},"A beginner-friendly example is sorting words by length:",[30,118259,118261],{"className":32,"code":118260,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"pear\", \"fig\", \"banana\", \"kiwi\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=len)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118262,118263,118303,118307,118329],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118264,118265,118267,118269,118271,118273,118275,118277,118279,118281,118283,118285,118287,118289,118291,118293,118295,118297,118299,118301],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118266,1191],{"class":45},[39,118268,50],{"class":49},[39,118270,3249],{"class":53},[39,118272,244],{"class":243},[39,118274,78334],{"class":247},[39,118276,244],{"class":243},[39,118278,61],{"class":53},[39,118280,255],{"class":243},[39,118282,37969],{"class":247},[39,118284,244],{"class":243},[39,118286,61],{"class":53},[39,118288,255],{"class":243},[39,118290,386],{"class":247},[39,118292,244],{"class":243},[39,118294,61],{"class":53},[39,118296,255],{"class":243},[39,118298,37952],{"class":247},[39,118300,244],{"class":243},[39,118302,3262],{"class":53},[39,118304,118305],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118306,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,118308,118309,118311,118313,118315,118317,118319,118321,118323,118325,118327],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,118310,86],{"class":45},[39,118312,50],{"class":49},[39,118314,74148],{"class":112},[39,118316,101],{"class":53},[39,118318,1229],{"class":97},[39,118320,61],{"class":53},[39,118322,21191],{"class":8788},[39,118324,50],{"class":49},[39,118326,10775],{"class":112},[39,118328,80],{"class":53},[39,118330,118331,118333,118335,118337],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,118332,113],{"class":112},[39,118334,101],{"class":53},[39,118336,118],{"class":97},[39,118338,80],{"class":53},[20,118340,458],{},[30,118342,118344],{"className":32,"code":118343,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['fig', 'pear', 'kiwi', 'banana']\n",[15,118345,118346],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118347,118348,118350,118352,118354,118356,118358,118360,118362,118364,118366,118368,118370,118372,118374,118376,118378,118380],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118349,3525],{"class":53},[39,118351,629],{"class":243},[39,118353,37969],{"class":247},[39,118355,629],{"class":243},[39,118357,61],{"class":53},[39,118359,2920],{"class":243},[39,118361,78334],{"class":247},[39,118363,629],{"class":243},[39,118365,61],{"class":53},[39,118367,2920],{"class":243},[39,118369,37952],{"class":247},[39,118371,629],{"class":243},[39,118373,61],{"class":53},[39,118375,2920],{"class":243},[39,118377,386],{"class":247},[39,118379,629],{"class":243},[39,118381,3262],{"class":53},[20,118383,20383,118384,118386],{},[15,118385,10775],{}," is used as the key function, so the words are sorted by length.",[20,118388,118389],{},"Another common example is sorting text without caring about uppercase and lowercase letters:",[30,118391,118393],{"className":32,"code":118392,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nresult = sorted(words, key=str.lower)\nprint(result)\n",[15,118394,118395,118428,118432,118458],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118396,118397,118399,118401,118403,118405,118407,118409,118411,118413,118415,118417,118419,118421,118424,118426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118398,1191],{"class":45},[39,118400,50],{"class":49},[39,118402,3249],{"class":53},[39,118404,244],{"class":243},[39,118406,82953],{"class":247},[39,118408,244],{"class":243},[39,118410,61],{"class":53},[39,118412,255],{"class":243},[39,118414,377],{"class":247},[39,118416,244],{"class":243},[39,118418,61],{"class":53},[39,118420,255],{"class":243},[39,118422,118423],{"class":247},"Cherry",[39,118425,244],{"class":243},[39,118427,3262],{"class":53},[39,118429,118430],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118431,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,118433,118434,118436,118438,118440,118442,118444,118446,118448,118450,118452,118454,118456],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,118435,86],{"class":45},[39,118437,50],{"class":49},[39,118439,74148],{"class":112},[39,118441,101],{"class":53},[39,118443,1229],{"class":97},[39,118445,61],{"class":53},[39,118447,21191],{"class":8788},[39,118449,50],{"class":49},[39,118451,3069],{"class":2523},[39,118453,94],{"class":53},[39,118455,8254],{"class":997},[39,118457,80],{"class":53},[39,118459,118460,118462,118464,118466],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,118461,113],{"class":112},[39,118463,101],{"class":53},[39,118465,118],{"class":97},[39,118467,80],{"class":53},[20,118469,458],{},[30,118471,118473],{"className":32,"code":118472,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,118474,118475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118476,118477,118479,118481,118483,118485,118487,118489,118491,118493,118495,118497,118499,118501],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118478,3525],{"class":53},[39,118480,629],{"class":243},[39,118482,377],{"class":247},[39,118484,629],{"class":243},[39,118486,61],{"class":53},[39,118488,2920],{"class":243},[39,118490,82953],{"class":247},[39,118492,629],{"class":243},[39,118494,61],{"class":53},[39,118496,2920],{"class":243},[39,118498,118423],{"class":247},[39,118500,629],{"class":243},[39,118502,3262],{"class":53},[20,118504,118505,118506,34945,118508,94],{},"You can learn more about ",[15,118507,1542],{},[173,118509,3202,118510,3135],{"href":41966},[15,118511,1542],{},[134,118513,118515,10198,118517],{"id":118514},"sorted-vs-listsort",[15,118516,74014],{},[15,118518,77457],{},[20,118520,118521],{},"The main difference is this:",[147,118523,118524,118529],{},[150,118525,118526,118528],{},[15,118527,74014],{}," returns a new list",[150,118530,118531,73552],{},[15,118532,77457],{},[20,118534,118535],{},"Also:",[147,118537,118538,118543],{},[150,118539,118540,118542],{},[15,118541,74014],{}," works with many iterables",[150,118544,118545,78890],{},[15,118546,77457],{},[20,118548,128,118549,10214],{},[15,118550,74014],{},[147,118552,118553,118556],{},[150,118554,118555],{},"you want to keep the original data unchanged",[150,118557,118558],{},"your data is not a list",[20,118560,118561,118562,94],{},"For a full side-by-side comparison, see ",[173,118563,3202,118564,10198,118566,5399],{"href":78715},[15,118565,74014],{},[15,118567,77457],{},[134,118569,118571],{"id":118570},"what-can-cause-errors","What can cause errors",[20,118573,118574,118575,94],{},"A few common problems happen when using ",[15,118576,74014],{},[223,118578,118580],{"id":118579},"mixing-values-that-cannot-be-compared","Mixing values that cannot be compared",[20,118582,118583,118584,145],{},"This can raise a ",[15,118585,2627],{},[30,118587,118589],{"className":32,"code":118588,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, \"2\", 3]\nprint(sorted(values))\n",[15,118590,118591,118615],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118592,118593,118595,118597,118599,118601,118603,118605,118607,118609,118611,118613],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118594,812],{"class":45},[39,118596,50],{"class":49},[39,118598,3249],{"class":53},[39,118600,58],{"class":57},[39,118602,61],{"class":53},[39,118604,255],{"class":243},[39,118606,104],{"class":247},[39,118608,244],{"class":243},[39,118610,61],{"class":53},[39,118612,73],{"class":57},[39,118614,3262],{"class":53},[39,118616,118617,118619,118621,118623,118625,118627],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118618,113],{"class":112},[39,118620,101],{"class":53},[39,118622,74104],{"class":112},[39,118624,101],{"class":53},[39,118626,856],{"class":97},[39,118628,1026],{"class":53},[20,118630,118631],{},"Python cannot sort integers and strings together in the normal way.",[223,118633,118635,118636,1927],{"id":118634},"using-the-wrong-key-function","Using the wrong ",[15,118637,14452],{},[20,118639,118640],{},"If your key function does something invalid for the item type, you may get an error.",[20,118642,515],{},[30,118644,118646],{"className":32,"code":118645,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 2, 30]\nprint(sorted(numbers, key=len))\n",[15,118647,118648,118668],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118649,118650,118652,118654,118656,118658,118660,118662,118664,118666],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118651,46],{"class":45},[39,118653,50],{"class":49},[39,118655,3249],{"class":53},[39,118657,682],{"class":57},[39,118659,61],{"class":53},[39,118661,64],{"class":57},[39,118663,61],{"class":53},[39,118665,697],{"class":57},[39,118667,3262],{"class":53},[39,118669,118670,118672,118674,118676,118678,118680,118682,118684,118686,118688],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118671,113],{"class":112},[39,118673,101],{"class":53},[39,118675,74104],{"class":112},[39,118677,101],{"class":53},[39,118679,992],{"class":97},[39,118681,61],{"class":53},[39,118683,21191],{"class":8788},[39,118685,50],{"class":49},[39,118687,10775],{"class":112},[39,118689,1026],{"class":53},[20,118691,48116,118692,118694],{},[15,118693,1542],{}," does not work on integers.",[223,118696,118698],{"id":118697},"expecting-the-original-list-to-change","Expecting the original list to change",[20,118700,118701],{},"This is not a syntax error, but it is a very common beginner mistake:",[30,118703,118705],{"className":32,"code":118704,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,118706,118707,118727,118737,118741],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118708,118709,118711,118713,118715,118717,118719,118721,118723,118725],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118710,46],{"class":45},[39,118712,50],{"class":49},[39,118714,3249],{"class":53},[39,118716,479],{"class":57},[39,118718,61],{"class":53},[39,118720,595],{"class":57},[39,118722,61],{"class":53},[39,118724,64],{"class":57},[39,118726,3262],{"class":53},[39,118728,118729,118731,118733,118735],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118730,74104],{"class":112},[39,118732,101],{"class":53},[39,118734,992],{"class":97},[39,118736,80],{"class":53},[39,118738,118739],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,118740,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,118742,118743,118745,118747,118749],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,118744,113],{"class":112},[39,118746,101],{"class":53},[39,118748,992],{"class":97},[39,118750,80],{"class":53},[20,118752,458],{},[30,118754,118756],{"className":32,"code":118755,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 1, 2]\n",[15,118757,118758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118759,118760,118762,118764,118766,118768,118770,118772],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118761,3525],{"class":53},[39,118763,479],{"class":57},[39,118765,61],{"class":53},[39,118767,595],{"class":57},[39,118769,61],{"class":53},[39,118771,64],{"class":57},[39,118773,3262],{"class":53},[20,118775,118776],{},"If you do not save the result, the original list stays the same.",[134,118778,944],{"id":943},[147,118780,118781,118785,118788,118793,118797],{},[150,118782,4202,118783,73552],{},[15,118784,74014],{},[150,118786,118787],{},"Trying to sort mixed types like integers and strings together",[150,118789,4328,118790,118792],{},[15,118791,74014],{}," always returns a list",[150,118794,948,118795,22715],{},[15,118796,118245],{},[150,118798,29262,118799,118801,118802],{},[15,118800,63903],{}," on a non-list object instead of using ",[15,118803,74014],{},[20,118805,118806],{},"These quick checks can help while debugging:",[30,118808,118810],{"className":32,"code":118809,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(sorted([3, 1, 2]))\nprint(type(sorted((3, 1, 2))))\nprint(sorted(['Banana', 'apple'], key=str.lower))\nprint(sorted([3, 1, 2], reverse=True))\n",[15,118811,118812,118834,118860,118898],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,118813,118814,118816,118818,118820,118822,118824,118826,118828,118830,118832],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,118815,113],{"class":112},[39,118817,101],{"class":53},[39,118819,74104],{"class":112},[39,118821,2608],{"class":53},[39,118823,479],{"class":57},[39,118825,61],{"class":53},[39,118827,595],{"class":57},[39,118829,61],{"class":53},[39,118831,64],{"class":57},[39,118833,2621],{"class":53},[39,118835,118836,118838,118840,118842,118844,118846,118848,118850,118852,118854,118856,118858],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,118837,113],{"class":112},[39,118839,101],{"class":53},[39,118841,2845],{"class":2523},[39,118843,101],{"class":53},[39,118845,74104],{"class":112},[39,118847,5126],{"class":53},[39,118849,479],{"class":57},[39,118851,61],{"class":53},[39,118853,595],{"class":57},[39,118855,61],{"class":53},[39,118857,64],{"class":57},[39,118859,92957],{"class":53},[39,118861,118862,118864,118866,118868,118870,118872,118874,118876,118878,118880,118882,118884,118886,118888,118890,118892,118894,118896],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,118863,113],{"class":112},[39,118865,101],{"class":53},[39,118867,74104],{"class":112},[39,118869,2608],{"class":53},[39,118871,629],{"class":243},[39,118873,82953],{"class":247},[39,118875,629],{"class":243},[39,118877,61],{"class":53},[39,118879,2920],{"class":243},[39,118881,377],{"class":247},[39,118883,629],{"class":243},[39,118885,17674],{"class":53},[39,118887,21191],{"class":8788},[39,118889,50],{"class":49},[39,118891,3069],{"class":2523},[39,118893,94],{"class":53},[39,118895,8254],{"class":997},[39,118897,1026],{"class":53},[39,118899,118900,118902,118904,118906,118908,118910,118912,118914,118916,118918,118920,118922,118924,118926],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,118901,113],{"class":112},[39,118903,101],{"class":53},[39,118905,74104],{"class":112},[39,118907,2608],{"class":53},[39,118909,479],{"class":57},[39,118911,61],{"class":53},[39,118913,595],{"class":57},[39,118915,61],{"class":53},[39,118917,64],{"class":57},[39,118919,17674],{"class":53},[39,118921,77660],{"class":8788},[39,118923,50],{"class":49},[39,118925,939],{"class":3477},[39,118927,1026],{"class":53},[20,118929,118930,118931,94],{},"If Python raises an error because values cannot be compared, that is often a type problem in your data. You may also want to review common list behavior in ",[173,118932,52374],{"href":50585},[134,118934,1454],{"id":1453},[223,118936,1468,118938,56765],{"id":118937},"does-sorted-change-the-original-list",[15,118939,74014],{},[20,118941,118942],{},"No. It returns a new sorted list and leaves the original list unchanged.",[223,118944,1458,118946,12327],{"id":118945},"what-does-sorted-return",[15,118947,74014],{},[20,118949,118950],{},"It always returns a new list, even if you sort a tuple, set, or string.",[223,118952,118954,118955,10705,118957,929],{"id":118953},"when-should-i-use-sorted-instead-of-listsort","When should I use ",[15,118956,74014],{},[15,118958,77457],{},[20,118960,128,118961,118963],{},[15,118962,74014],{}," when you want a new list or when your data is not a list.",[223,118965,1458,118967,86041,118969,929],{"id":118966},"what-does-key-do-in-sorted",[15,118968,118245],{},[15,118970,74014],{},[20,118972,118973],{},"It tells Python what value to use when comparing each item during sorting.",[223,118975,922,118977,118979,118980,929],{"id":118976},"why-does-sorted-give-a-typeerror",[15,118978,74014],{}," give a ",[15,118981,2627],{},[20,118983,118984],{},"Usually because the items cannot be compared directly, such as mixing strings and integers.",[134,118986,1514],{"id":1513},[147,118988,118989,118993,119001,119005,119011,119017],{},[150,118990,118991],{},[173,118992,79463],{"href":77966},[150,118994,118995],{},[173,118996,3202,118997,10198,118999,5399],{"href":78715},[15,118998,74014],{},[15,119000,77457],{},[150,119002,119003],{},[173,119004,52374],{"href":50585},[150,119006,119007],{},[173,119008,3202,119009,3135],{"href":41966},[15,119010,1542],{},[150,119012,119013],{},[173,119014,3202,119015,3135],{"href":91613},[15,119016,35364],{},[150,119018,119019],{},[173,119020,3202,119021,3135],{"href":35809},[15,119022,35812],{},[1550,119024,119025],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":119027},[119028,119029,119031,119034,119035,119042,119044,119046,119048,119054,119055,119067],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":117308,"depth":83,"text":119030},"What sorted() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":119032},[119033],{"id":17007,"depth":109,"text":17008},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":117547,"depth":83,"text":117548,"children":119036},[119037,119038,119039,119040,119041],{"id":7710,"depth":109,"text":117556},{"id":48559,"depth":109,"text":117620},{"id":5902,"depth":109,"text":117717},{"id":60765,"depth":109,"text":117781},{"id":15216,"depth":109,"text":28835},{"id":117986,"depth":83,"text":119043},"Using reverse=True",{"id":118242,"depth":83,"text":119045},"Using key= for custom sorting",{"id":118514,"depth":83,"text":119047},"sorted() vs list.sort()",{"id":118570,"depth":83,"text":118571,"children":119049},[119050,119051,119053],{"id":118579,"depth":109,"text":118580},{"id":118634,"depth":109,"text":119052},"Using the wrong key function",{"id":118697,"depth":109,"text":118698},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":119056},[119057,119059,119061,119063,119065],{"id":118937,"depth":109,"text":119058},"Does sorted() change the original list?",{"id":118945,"depth":109,"text":119060},"What does sorted() return?",{"id":118953,"depth":109,"text":119062},"When should I use sorted() instead of list.sort()?",{"id":118966,"depth":109,"text":119064},"What does key= do in sorted()?",{"id":118976,"depth":109,"text":119066},"Why does sorted() give a TypeError?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python sorted function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained",{"title":117210,"description":119068},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-function-explained","LQH2I83gor3v6qTZiOQhBtX1q59uADx_8T7BkBYcca8",{"id":119075,"title":119076,"body":119077,"description":121188,"extension":1587,"meta":121189,"navigation":420,"path":78715,"seo":121190,"stem":121191,"__hash__":121192},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained.md","Python sorted() vs list.sort() Explained",{"type":7,"value":119078,"toc":121135},[119079,119086,119089,119099,119105,119108,119126,119134,119136,119195,119203,119207,119229,119233,119237,119239,119256,119258,119270,119276,119360,119364,119411,119417,119424,119428,119433,119435,119447,119452,119505,119509,119529,119536,119543,119547,119550,119569,119573,119687,119691,119761,119763,119775,119780,119784,119797,119801,119876,119880,119919,119926,119932,119937,119941,119955,119959,120024,120028,120061,120064,120069,120077,120084,120097,120100,120104,120187,120191,120228,120232,120335,120339,120400,120405,120412,120416,120419,120425,120428,120495,120499,120523,120525,120543,120550,120603,120607,120627,120633,120635,120692,120699,120725,120730,120735,120743,120749,120809,120813,120860,120863,120865,120868,120894,120897,120990,120992,121012,121016,121019,121037,121043,121045,121053,121058,121065,121068,121074,121077,121083,121091,121099,121104,121106,121132],[10,119080,3202,119082,10198,119084,92671],{"id":119081},"python-sorted-vs-listsort-explained",[15,119083,74014],{},[15,119085,77457],{},[20,119087,119088],{},"Python gives you two common ways to sort values:",[147,119090,119091,119095],{},[150,119092,119093],{},[15,119094,74014],{},[150,119096,119097],{},[15,119098,77457],{},[20,119100,119101,119102,119104],{},"They look similar, but they do ",[3367,119103,4254],{}," behave the same way.",[20,119106,119107],{},"The main difference is simple:",[147,119109,119110,119118],{},[150,119111,128,119112,119114,119115],{},[15,119113,74014],{}," when you want a ",[3367,119116,119117],{},"new sorted result",[150,119119,128,119120,119122,119123],{},[15,119121,77457],{}," when you want to ",[3367,119124,119125],{},"change the original list",[20,119127,119128,119129,476,119131,119133],{},"This matters a lot for beginners, especially when ",[15,119130,77457],{},[15,119132,3403],{}," and causes confusion.",[134,119135,3235],{"id":3234},[30,119137,119139],{"className":32,"code":119138,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_list = sorted(numbers)   # returns a new sorted list\nnumbers.sort()              # sorts the original list in place\n",[15,119140,119141,119161,119165,119182],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119142,119143,119145,119147,119149,119151,119153,119155,119157,119159],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119144,46],{"class":45},[39,119146,50],{"class":49},[39,119148,3249],{"class":53},[39,119150,479],{"class":57},[39,119152,61],{"class":53},[39,119154,595],{"class":57},[39,119156,61],{"class":53},[39,119158,64],{"class":57},[39,119160,3262],{"class":53},[39,119162,119163],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119164,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119166,119167,119169,119171,119173,119175,119177,119179],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,119168,55491],{"class":45},[39,119170,50],{"class":49},[39,119172,74148],{"class":112},[39,119174,101],{"class":53},[39,119176,992],{"class":97},[39,119178,121],{"class":53},[39,119180,119181],{"class":124},"   # returns a new sorted list\n",[39,119183,119184,119186,119188,119190,119192],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,119185,992],{"class":45},[39,119187,94],{"class":53},[39,119189,34414],{"class":97},[39,119191,6982],{"class":53},[39,119193,119194],{"class":124},"              # sorts the original list in place\n",[20,119196,128,119197,119199,119200,119202],{},[15,119198,74014],{}," when you want a new result. Use ",[15,119201,77457],{}," when you want to change the existing list.",[134,119204,119206],{"id":119205},"what-this-page-helps-you-decide","What this page helps you decide",[147,119208,119209,119214,119219,119226],{},[150,119210,128,119211,119213],{},[15,119212,74014],{}," to get a new sorted list",[150,119215,128,119216,119218],{},[15,119217,77457],{}," to sort an existing list in place",[150,119220,119221,119222,476,119224],{},"Understand why ",[15,119223,77457],{},[15,119225,3403],{},[150,119227,119228],{},"See when each option is better for beginner code",[134,119230,137,119231,140],{"id":117308},[15,119232,74014],{},[20,119234,119235,62517],{},[15,119236,74014],{},[20,119238,48533],{},[147,119240,119241,119247,119253],{},[150,119242,119243,119244],{},"returns a ",[3367,119245,119246],{},"new list",[150,119248,119249,119250,119252],{},"does ",[3367,119251,4254],{}," change the original data",[150,119254,119255],{},"works with many iterable objects, not just lists",[20,119257,50738],{},[147,119259,119260,119262,119264,119266,119268],{},[150,119261,4917],{},[150,119263,4920],{},[150,119265,4926],{},[150,119267,4923],{},[150,119269,35524],{},[223,119271,34693,119273,119275],{"id":119272},"example-sorted-keeps-the-original-list-unchanged",[15,119274,74014],{}," keeps the original list unchanged",[30,119277,119279],{"className":32,"code":119278,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(\"original:\", numbers)\nprint(\"sorted result:\", result)\n",[15,119280,119281,119301,119305,119319,119323,119341],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119282,119283,119285,119287,119289,119291,119293,119295,119297,119299],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119284,46],{"class":45},[39,119286,50],{"class":49},[39,119288,3249],{"class":53},[39,119290,479],{"class":57},[39,119292,61],{"class":53},[39,119294,595],{"class":57},[39,119296,61],{"class":53},[39,119298,64],{"class":57},[39,119300,3262],{"class":53},[39,119302,119303],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119304,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119306,119307,119309,119311,119313,119315,119317],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,119308,86],{"class":45},[39,119310,50],{"class":49},[39,119312,74148],{"class":112},[39,119314,101],{"class":53},[39,119316,992],{"class":97},[39,119318,80],{"class":53},[39,119320,119321],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,119322,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119324,119325,119327,119329,119331,119333,119335,119337,119339],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,119326,113],{"class":112},[39,119328,101],{"class":53},[39,119330,244],{"class":243},[39,119332,11765],{"class":247},[39,119334,244],{"class":243},[39,119336,61],{"class":53},[39,119338,91],{"class":97},[39,119340,80],{"class":53},[39,119342,119343,119345,119347,119349,119352,119354,119356,119358],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,119344,113],{"class":112},[39,119346,101],{"class":53},[39,119348,244],{"class":243},[39,119350,119351],{"class":247},"sorted result:",[39,119353,244],{"class":243},[39,119355,61],{"class":53},[39,119357,80807],{"class":97},[39,119359,80],{"class":53},[20,119361,119362],{},[3367,119363,458],{},[30,119365,119367],{"className":32,"code":119366,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"original: [3, 1, 2]\nsorted result: [1, 2, 3]\n",[15,119368,119369,119389],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119370,119371,119373,119375,119377,119379,119381,119383,119385,119387],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119372,11744],{"class":45},[39,119374,145],{"class":53},[39,119376,3249],{"class":53},[39,119378,479],{"class":57},[39,119380,61],{"class":53},[39,119382,595],{"class":57},[39,119384,61],{"class":53},[39,119386,64],{"class":57},[39,119388,3262],{"class":53},[39,119390,119391,119393,119395,119397,119399,119401,119403,119405,119407,119409],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119392,74104],{"class":112},[39,119394,80807],{"class":45},[39,119396,145],{"class":53},[39,119398,3249],{"class":53},[39,119400,58],{"class":57},[39,119402,61],{"class":53},[39,119404,64],{"class":57},[39,119406,61],{"class":53},[39,119408,73],{"class":57},[39,119410,3262],{"class":53},[20,119412,119413,119414,119416],{},"The important part is that ",[15,119415,992],{}," stays the same.",[20,119418,119419,119420,94],{},"If you want a full function-focused explanation, see ",[173,119421,3202,119422,3135],{"href":74111},[15,119423,74014],{},[134,119425,137,119426,140],{"id":77523},[15,119427,77457],{},[20,119429,119430,119432],{},[15,119431,63903],{}," is a method that belongs to lists.",[20,119434,48533],{},[147,119436,119437,119440,119443],{},[150,119438,119439],{},"changes the original list directly",[150,119441,119442],{},"only works on lists",[150,119444,3315,119445],{},[15,119446,3403],{},[223,119448,34693,119450,73552],{"id":119449},"example-listsort-changes-the-original-list",[15,119451,77457],{},[30,119453,119455],{"className":32,"code":119454,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnumbers.sort()\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,119456,119457,119477,119481,119491,119495],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119458,119459,119461,119463,119465,119467,119469,119471,119473,119475],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119460,46],{"class":45},[39,119462,50],{"class":49},[39,119464,3249],{"class":53},[39,119466,479],{"class":57},[39,119468,61],{"class":53},[39,119470,595],{"class":57},[39,119472,61],{"class":53},[39,119474,64],{"class":57},[39,119476,3262],{"class":53},[39,119478,119479],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119480,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119482,119483,119485,119487,119489],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,119484,992],{"class":45},[39,119486,94],{"class":53},[39,119488,34414],{"class":97},[39,119490,8257],{"class":53},[39,119492,119493],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,119494,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119496,119497,119499,119501,119503],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,119498,113],{"class":112},[39,119500,101],{"class":53},[39,119502,992],{"class":97},[39,119504,80],{"class":53},[20,119506,119507],{},[3367,119508,458],{},[30,119510,119511],{"className":32,"code":54751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,119512,119513],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119514,119515,119517,119519,119521,119523,119525,119527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119516,3525],{"class":53},[39,119518,58],{"class":57},[39,119520,61],{"class":53},[39,119522,64],{"class":57},[39,119524,61],{"class":53},[39,119526,73],{"class":57},[39,119528,3262],{"class":53},[20,119530,119531,119532,119535],{},"After calling ",[15,119533,119534],{},"numbers.sort()",", the list itself is changed.",[20,119537,119538,119539,94],{},"For a method-specific reference page, see ",[173,119540,3202,119541,1533],{"href":74365},[15,119542,77457],{},[134,119544,119546],{"id":119545},"main-difference-at-a-glance","Main difference at a glance",[20,119548,119549],{},"Here is the core difference:",[147,119551,119552,119561],{},[150,119553,119554,119557,119558],{},[15,119555,119556],{},"sorted(iterable)"," → returns a ",[3367,119559,119560],{},"new sorted list",[150,119562,119563,119566,119567,73922],{},[15,119564,119565],{},"my_list.sort()"," → changes ",[15,119568,7955],{},[223,119570,119572],{"id":119571},"side-by-side-example","Side-by-side example",[30,119574,119576],{"className":32,"code":119575,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 2, 4]\n\na = sorted(numbers)\nprint(\"numbers after sorted():\", numbers)\nprint(\"a:\", a)\n\nnumbers.sort()\nprint(\"numbers after sort():\", numbers)\n",[15,119577,119578,119598,119602,119616,119635,119654,119658,119668],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119579,119580,119582,119584,119586,119588,119590,119592,119594,119596],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119581,46],{"class":45},[39,119583,50],{"class":49},[39,119585,3249],{"class":53},[39,119587,1376],{"class":57},[39,119589,61],{"class":53},[39,119591,64],{"class":57},[39,119593,61],{"class":53},[39,119595,2080],{"class":57},[39,119597,3262],{"class":53},[39,119599,119600],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119601,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119603,119604,119606,119608,119610,119612,119614],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,119605,2176],{"class":45},[39,119607,50],{"class":49},[39,119609,74148],{"class":112},[39,119611,101],{"class":53},[39,119613,992],{"class":97},[39,119615,80],{"class":53},[39,119617,119618,119620,119622,119624,119627,119629,119631,119633],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,119619,113],{"class":112},[39,119621,101],{"class":53},[39,119623,244],{"class":243},[39,119625,119626],{"class":247},"numbers after sorted():",[39,119628,244],{"class":243},[39,119630,61],{"class":53},[39,119632,91],{"class":97},[39,119634,80],{"class":53},[39,119636,119637,119639,119641,119643,119646,119648,119650,119652],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,119638,113],{"class":112},[39,119640,101],{"class":53},[39,119642,244],{"class":243},[39,119644,119645],{"class":247},"a:",[39,119647,244],{"class":243},[39,119649,61],{"class":53},[39,119651,56489],{"class":97},[39,119653,80],{"class":53},[39,119655,119656],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,119657,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119659,119660,119662,119664,119666],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,119661,992],{"class":45},[39,119663,94],{"class":53},[39,119665,34414],{"class":97},[39,119667,8257],{"class":53},[39,119669,119670,119672,119674,119676,119679,119681,119683,119685],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,119671,113],{"class":112},[39,119673,101],{"class":53},[39,119675,244],{"class":243},[39,119677,119678],{"class":247},"numbers after sort():",[39,119680,244],{"class":243},[39,119682,61],{"class":53},[39,119684,91],{"class":97},[39,119686,80],{"class":53},[20,119688,119689],{},[3367,119690,458],{},[30,119692,119694],{"className":32,"code":119693,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers after sorted(): [5, 2, 4]\na: [2, 4, 5]\nnumbers after sort(): [2, 4, 5]\n",[15,119695,119696,119719,119739],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119697,119698,119701,119703,119705,119707,119709,119711,119713,119715,119717],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119699,119700],{"class":45},"numbers after ",[39,119702,74104],{"class":112},[39,119704,29196],{"class":53},[39,119706,3249],{"class":53},[39,119708,1376],{"class":57},[39,119710,61],{"class":53},[39,119712,64],{"class":57},[39,119714,61],{"class":53},[39,119716,2080],{"class":57},[39,119718,3262],{"class":53},[39,119720,119721,119723,119725,119727,119729,119731,119733,119735,119737],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119722,173],{"class":45},[39,119724,145],{"class":53},[39,119726,3249],{"class":53},[39,119728,104],{"class":57},[39,119730,61],{"class":53},[39,119732,2080],{"class":57},[39,119734,61],{"class":53},[39,119736,4228],{"class":57},[39,119738,3262],{"class":53},[39,119740,119741,119743,119745,119747,119749,119751,119753,119755,119757,119759],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,119742,119700],{"class":45},[39,119744,34414],{"class":97},[39,119746,29196],{"class":53},[39,119748,3249],{"class":53},[39,119750,104],{"class":57},[39,119752,61],{"class":53},[39,119754,2080],{"class":57},[39,119756,61],{"class":53},[39,119758,4228],{"class":57},[39,119760,3262],{"class":53},[20,119762,10326],{},[147,119764,119765,119770],{},[150,119766,119767,119769],{},[15,119768,74014],{}," keeps the original data unchanged",[150,119771,119772,119774],{},[15,119773,63903],{}," is useful when you do not need the original order anymore",[134,119776,4584,119778],{"id":119777},"when-to-use-sorted",[15,119779,74014],{},[20,119781,128,119782,10214],{},[15,119783,74014],{},[147,119785,119786,119789,119791,119794],{},[150,119787,119788],{},"you want to keep the original list unchanged",[150,119790,118558],{},[150,119792,119793],{},"you want to store the result in a new variable",[150,119795,119796],{},"you want clearer code that is easy to read",[223,119798,119800],{"id":119799},"example-sorting-a-tuple","Example: sorting a tuple",[30,119802,119804],{"className":32,"code":119803,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (4, 1, 3, 2)\n\nresult = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,119805,119806,119830,119834,119848,119852,119862],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119807,119808,119810,119812,119814,119816,119818,119820,119822,119824,119826,119828],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119809,46],{"class":45},[39,119811,50],{"class":49},[39,119813,54],{"class":53},[39,119815,1333],{"class":57},[39,119817,61],{"class":53},[39,119819,595],{"class":57},[39,119821,61],{"class":53},[39,119823,73],{"class":57},[39,119825,61],{"class":53},[39,119827,64],{"class":57},[39,119829,80],{"class":53},[39,119831,119832],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119833,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119835,119836,119838,119840,119842,119844,119846],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,119837,86],{"class":45},[39,119839,50],{"class":49},[39,119841,74148],{"class":112},[39,119843,101],{"class":53},[39,119845,992],{"class":97},[39,119847,80],{"class":53},[39,119849,119850],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,119851,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,119853,119854,119856,119858,119860],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,119855,113],{"class":112},[39,119857,101],{"class":53},[39,119859,118],{"class":97},[39,119861,80],{"class":53},[39,119863,119864,119866,119868,119870,119872,119874],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,119865,113],{"class":112},[39,119867,101],{"class":53},[39,119869,2845],{"class":2523},[39,119871,101],{"class":53},[39,119873,118],{"class":97},[39,119875,1026],{"class":53},[20,119877,119878],{},[3367,119879,458],{},[30,119881,119883],{"className":32,"code":119882,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3, 4]\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,119884,119885,119905],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119886,119887,119889,119891,119893,119895,119897,119899,119901,119903],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119888,3525],{"class":53},[39,119890,58],{"class":57},[39,119892,61],{"class":53},[39,119894,64],{"class":57},[39,119896,61],{"class":53},[39,119898,73],{"class":57},[39,119900,61],{"class":53},[39,119902,2080],{"class":57},[39,119904,3262],{"class":53},[39,119906,119907,119909,119911,119913,119915,119917],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119908,2914],{"class":49},[39,119910,2917],{"class":1689},[39,119912,2920],{"class":243},[39,119914,7710],{"class":247},[39,119916,629],{"class":243},[39,119918,2927],{"class":49},[20,119920,1910,119921,119923,119924,94],{},[15,119922,74014],{}," can sort a tuple, but the result is a ",[3367,119925,7710],{},[20,119927,119928,119929,119931],{},"If you are still learning list behavior, ",[173,119930,52374],{"href":50585}," is a helpful next step.",[134,119933,4584,119935],{"id":119934},"when-to-use-listsort",[15,119936,77457],{},[20,119938,128,119939,10214],{},[15,119940,77457],{},[147,119942,119943,119946,119949,119952],{},[150,119944,119945],{},"you already have a list",[150,119947,119948],{},"you want to update that list directly",[150,119950,119951],{},"you do not need the original order anymore",[150,119953,119954],{},"you want a simple in-place change",[223,119956,119958],{"id":119957},"example-sorting-one-list-directly","Example: sorting one list directly",[30,119960,119962],{"className":32,"code":119961,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Charlie\", \"Alice\", \"Bob\"]\n\nnames.sort()\n\nprint(names)\n",[15,119963,119964,119996,120000,120010,120014],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,119965,119966,119968,119970,119972,119974,119976,119978,119980,119982,119984,119986,119988,119990,119992,119994],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,119967,4618],{"class":45},[39,119969,50],{"class":49},[39,119971,3249],{"class":53},[39,119973,244],{"class":243},[39,119975,4645],{"class":247},[39,119977,244],{"class":243},[39,119979,61],{"class":53},[39,119981,255],{"class":243},[39,119983,4627],{"class":247},[39,119985,244],{"class":243},[39,119987,61],{"class":53},[39,119989,255],{"class":243},[39,119991,4636],{"class":247},[39,119993,244],{"class":243},[39,119995,3262],{"class":53},[39,119997,119998],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,119999,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120001,120002,120004,120006,120008],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,120003,4662],{"class":45},[39,120005,94],{"class":53},[39,120007,34414],{"class":97},[39,120009,8257],{"class":53},[39,120011,120012],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,120013,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120015,120016,120018,120020,120022],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,120017,113],{"class":112},[39,120019,101],{"class":53},[39,120021,4662],{"class":97},[39,120023,80],{"class":53},[20,120025,120026],{},[3367,120027,458],{},[30,120029,120031],{"className":32,"code":120030,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Alice', 'Bob', 'Charlie']\n",[15,120032,120033],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120034,120035,120037,120039,120041,120043,120045,120047,120049,120051,120053,120055,120057,120059],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120036,3525],{"class":53},[39,120038,629],{"class":243},[39,120040,4627],{"class":247},[39,120042,629],{"class":243},[39,120044,61],{"class":53},[39,120046,2920],{"class":243},[39,120048,4636],{"class":247},[39,120050,629],{"class":243},[39,120052,61],{"class":53},[39,120054,2920],{"class":243},[39,120056,4645],{"class":247},[39,120058,629],{"class":243},[39,120060,3262],{"class":53},[20,120062,120063],{},"This is a good choice when you only need the list in sorted form and do not care about keeping the old order.",[20,120065,120066,120067,94],{},"If your goal is the task itself, see ",[173,120068,79463],{"href":77966},[134,120070,120072,796,120074,120076],{"id":120071},"reverse-and-key-work-with-both",[15,120073,73167],{},[15,120075,14452],{}," work with both",[20,120078,10203,120079,796,120081,120083],{},[15,120080,74014],{},[15,120082,77457],{}," support:",[147,120085,120086,120091],{},[150,120087,120088,120090],{},[15,120089,77681],{}," for descending order",[150,120092,120093,120096],{},[15,120094,120095],{},"key=..."," for custom sorting rules",[20,120098,120099],{},"The sorting behavior is very similar. The main difference is still whether you get a new list or change the original one.",[223,120101,120103],{"id":120102},"example-descending-order","Example: descending order",[30,120105,120107],{"className":32,"code":120106,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nprint(sorted(numbers, reverse=True))\n\nnumbers.sort(reverse=True)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120108,120109,120129,120133,120155,120159,120177],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120110,120111,120113,120115,120117,120119,120121,120123,120125,120127],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120112,46],{"class":45},[39,120114,50],{"class":49},[39,120116,3249],{"class":53},[39,120118,479],{"class":57},[39,120120,61],{"class":53},[39,120122,595],{"class":57},[39,120124,61],{"class":53},[39,120126,64],{"class":57},[39,120128,3262],{"class":53},[39,120130,120131],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120132,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120134,120135,120137,120139,120141,120143,120145,120147,120149,120151,120153],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,120136,113],{"class":112},[39,120138,101],{"class":53},[39,120140,74104],{"class":112},[39,120142,101],{"class":53},[39,120144,992],{"class":97},[39,120146,61],{"class":53},[39,120148,77660],{"class":8788},[39,120150,50],{"class":49},[39,120152,939],{"class":3477},[39,120154,1026],{"class":53},[39,120156,120157],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,120158,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120160,120161,120163,120165,120167,120169,120171,120173,120175],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,120162,992],{"class":45},[39,120164,94],{"class":53},[39,120166,34414],{"class":97},[39,120168,101],{"class":53},[39,120170,73167],{"class":8788},[39,120172,50],{"class":49},[39,120174,939],{"class":3477},[39,120176,80],{"class":53},[39,120178,120179,120181,120183,120185],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,120180,113],{"class":112},[39,120182,101],{"class":53},[39,120184,992],{"class":97},[39,120186,80],{"class":53},[20,120188,120189],{},[3367,120190,458],{},[30,120192,120194],{"className":32,"code":120193,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[3, 2, 1]\n[3, 2, 1]\n",[15,120195,120196,120212],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120197,120198,120200,120202,120204,120206,120208,120210],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120199,3525],{"class":53},[39,120201,479],{"class":57},[39,120203,61],{"class":53},[39,120205,64],{"class":57},[39,120207,61],{"class":53},[39,120209,595],{"class":57},[39,120211,3262],{"class":53},[39,120213,120214,120216,120218,120220,120222,120224,120226],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120215,3525],{"class":53},[39,120217,479],{"class":57},[39,120219,61],{"class":53},[39,120221,64],{"class":57},[39,120223,61],{"class":53},[39,120225,595],{"class":57},[39,120227,3262],{"class":53},[223,120229,120231],{"id":120230},"example-case-insensitive-sorting","Example: case-insensitive sorting",[30,120233,120235],{"className":32,"code":120234,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Banana\", \"apple\", \"Cherry\"]\n\nprint(sorted(words, key=str.lower))\n\nwords.sort(key=str.lower)\nprint(words)\n",[15,120236,120237,120269,120273,120299,120303,120325],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120238,120239,120241,120243,120245,120247,120249,120251,120253,120255,120257,120259,120261,120263,120265,120267],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120240,1191],{"class":45},[39,120242,50],{"class":49},[39,120244,3249],{"class":53},[39,120246,244],{"class":243},[39,120248,82953],{"class":247},[39,120250,244],{"class":243},[39,120252,61],{"class":53},[39,120254,255],{"class":243},[39,120256,377],{"class":247},[39,120258,244],{"class":243},[39,120260,61],{"class":53},[39,120262,255],{"class":243},[39,120264,118423],{"class":247},[39,120266,244],{"class":243},[39,120268,3262],{"class":53},[39,120270,120271],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120272,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120274,120275,120277,120279,120281,120283,120285,120287,120289,120291,120293,120295,120297],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,120276,113],{"class":112},[39,120278,101],{"class":53},[39,120280,74104],{"class":112},[39,120282,101],{"class":53},[39,120284,1229],{"class":97},[39,120286,61],{"class":53},[39,120288,21191],{"class":8788},[39,120290,50],{"class":49},[39,120292,3069],{"class":2523},[39,120294,94],{"class":53},[39,120296,8254],{"class":997},[39,120298,1026],{"class":53},[39,120300,120301],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,120302,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120304,120305,120307,120309,120311,120313,120315,120317,120319,120321,120323],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,120306,1229],{"class":45},[39,120308,94],{"class":53},[39,120310,34414],{"class":97},[39,120312,101],{"class":53},[39,120314,14452],{"class":8788},[39,120316,50],{"class":49},[39,120318,3069],{"class":2523},[39,120320,94],{"class":53},[39,120322,8254],{"class":997},[39,120324,80],{"class":53},[39,120326,120327,120329,120331,120333],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,120328,113],{"class":112},[39,120330,101],{"class":53},[39,120332,1229],{"class":97},[39,120334,80],{"class":53},[20,120336,120337],{},[3367,120338,458],{},[30,120340,120342],{"className":32,"code":120341,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n['apple', 'Banana', 'Cherry']\n",[15,120343,120344,120372],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120345,120346,120348,120350,120352,120354,120356,120358,120360,120362,120364,120366,120368,120370],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120347,3525],{"class":53},[39,120349,629],{"class":243},[39,120351,377],{"class":247},[39,120353,629],{"class":243},[39,120355,61],{"class":53},[39,120357,2920],{"class":243},[39,120359,82953],{"class":247},[39,120361,629],{"class":243},[39,120363,61],{"class":53},[39,120365,2920],{"class":243},[39,120367,118423],{"class":247},[39,120369,629],{"class":243},[39,120371,3262],{"class":53},[39,120373,120374,120376,120378,120380,120382,120384,120386,120388,120390,120392,120394,120396,120398],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120375,3525],{"class":53},[39,120377,629],{"class":243},[39,120379,377],{"class":247},[39,120381,629],{"class":243},[39,120383,61],{"class":53},[39,120385,2920],{"class":243},[39,120387,82953],{"class":247},[39,120389,629],{"class":243},[39,120391,61],{"class":53},[39,120393,2920],{"class":243},[39,120395,118423],{"class":247},[39,120397,629],{"class":243},[39,120399,3262],{"class":53},[20,120401,948,120402,120404],{},[15,120403,78175],{}," tells Python to compare words in lowercase form.",[20,120406,120407,120408,94],{},"For more advanced custom sorting, especially with dictionaries, see ",[173,120409,120411],{"href":120410},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-sort-a-list-of-dictionaries-in-python\u002F","How to sort a list of dictionaries in Python",[134,120413,120415],{"id":120414},"beginner-mistakes-to-watch-for","Beginner mistakes to watch for",[20,120417,120418],{},"These are the most common problems beginners run into.",[223,120420,120422,120423,12209],{"id":120421},"mistake-1-assigning-listsort-to-a-variable","Mistake 1: Assigning ",[15,120424,77457],{},[20,120426,120427],{},"This is probably the most common one.",[30,120429,120431],{"className":32,"code":120430,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nresult = numbers.sort()\n\nprint(result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120432,120433,120453,120457,120471,120475,120485],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120434,120435,120437,120439,120441,120443,120445,120447,120449,120451],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120436,46],{"class":45},[39,120438,50],{"class":49},[39,120440,3249],{"class":53},[39,120442,479],{"class":57},[39,120444,61],{"class":53},[39,120446,595],{"class":57},[39,120448,61],{"class":53},[39,120450,64],{"class":57},[39,120452,3262],{"class":53},[39,120454,120455],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120456,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120458,120459,120461,120463,120465,120467,120469],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,120460,86],{"class":45},[39,120462,50],{"class":49},[39,120464,91],{"class":45},[39,120466,94],{"class":53},[39,120468,34414],{"class":97},[39,120470,8257],{"class":53},[39,120472,120473],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,120474,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120476,120477,120479,120481,120483],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,120478,113],{"class":112},[39,120480,101],{"class":53},[39,120482,118],{"class":97},[39,120484,80],{"class":53},[39,120486,120487,120489,120491,120493],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,120488,113],{"class":112},[39,120490,101],{"class":53},[39,120492,992],{"class":97},[39,120494,80],{"class":53},[20,120496,120497],{},[3367,120498,458],{},[30,120500,120501],{"className":32,"code":78798,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,120502,120503,120507],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120504,120505],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120506,11420],{"class":3477},[39,120508,120509,120511,120513,120515,120517,120519,120521],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120510,3525],{"class":53},[39,120512,58],{"class":57},[39,120514,61],{"class":53},[39,120516,64],{"class":57},[39,120518,61],{"class":53},[39,120520,73],{"class":57},[39,120522,3262],{"class":53},[20,120524,11512],{},[147,120526,120527,120532,120537],{},[150,120528,120529,120531],{},[15,120530,119534],{}," sorts the list in place",[150,120533,34630,120534,120536],{},[3367,120535,4254],{}," return the sorted list",[150,120538,89577,120539,41764,120541],{},[15,120540,118],{},[15,120542,3403],{},[223,120544,120546,120547,120549],{"id":120545},"mistake-2-expecting-sorted-to-change-the-original-list","Mistake 2: Expecting ",[15,120548,74014],{}," to change the original list",[30,120551,120553],{"className":32,"code":120552,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nsorted(numbers)\n\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,120554,120555,120575,120579,120589,120593],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120556,120557,120559,120561,120563,120565,120567,120569,120571,120573],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120558,46],{"class":45},[39,120560,50],{"class":49},[39,120562,3249],{"class":53},[39,120564,479],{"class":57},[39,120566,61],{"class":53},[39,120568,595],{"class":57},[39,120570,61],{"class":53},[39,120572,64],{"class":57},[39,120574,3262],{"class":53},[39,120576,120577],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120578,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120580,120581,120583,120585,120587],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,120582,74104],{"class":112},[39,120584,101],{"class":53},[39,120586,992],{"class":97},[39,120588,80],{"class":53},[39,120590,120591],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,120592,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120594,120595,120597,120599,120601],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,120596,113],{"class":112},[39,120598,101],{"class":53},[39,120600,992],{"class":97},[39,120602,80],{"class":53},[20,120604,120605],{},[3367,120606,458],{},[30,120608,120609],{"className":32,"code":118755,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,120610,120611],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120612,120613,120615,120617,120619,120621,120623,120625],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120614,3525],{"class":53},[39,120616,479],{"class":57},[39,120618,61],{"class":53},[39,120620,595],{"class":57},[39,120622,61],{"class":53},[39,120624,64],{"class":57},[39,120626,3262],{"class":53},[20,120628,120629,120632],{},[15,120630,120631],{},"sorted(numbers)"," creates a new sorted list, but here the result is not saved anywhere.",[20,120634,10420],{},[30,120636,120638],{"className":32,"code":120637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [3, 1, 2]\n\nnew_numbers = sorted(numbers)\n\nprint(new_numbers)\n",[15,120639,120640,120660,120664,120678,120682],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120641,120642,120644,120646,120648,120650,120652,120654,120656,120658],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120643,46],{"class":45},[39,120645,50],{"class":49},[39,120647,3249],{"class":53},[39,120649,479],{"class":57},[39,120651,61],{"class":53},[39,120653,595],{"class":57},[39,120655,61],{"class":53},[39,120657,64],{"class":57},[39,120659,3262],{"class":53},[39,120661,120662],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120663,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120665,120666,120668,120670,120672,120674,120676],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,120667,55243],{"class":45},[39,120669,50],{"class":49},[39,120671,74148],{"class":112},[39,120673,101],{"class":53},[39,120675,992],{"class":97},[39,120677,80],{"class":53},[39,120679,120680],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,120681,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120683,120684,120686,120688,120690],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,120685,113],{"class":112},[39,120687,101],{"class":53},[39,120689,55262],{"class":97},[39,120691,80],{"class":53},[223,120693,120695,120696,120698],{"id":120694},"mistake-3-trying-to-call-sort-on-a-tuple-or-string","Mistake 3: Trying to call ",[15,120697,63903],{}," on a tuple or string",[30,120700,120701],{"className":32,"code":78900,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,120702,120703,120715],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120704,120705,120707,120709,120711,120713],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120706,34302],{"class":45},[39,120708,50],{"class":49},[39,120710,255],{"class":243},[39,120712,34],{"class":247},[39,120714,2983],{"class":243},[39,120716,120717,120719,120721,120723],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120718,34323],{"class":45},[39,120720,94],{"class":53},[39,120722,34414],{"class":97},[39,120724,8257],{"class":53},[20,120726,120727,120728,33214],{},"This will fail because strings do not have a ",[15,120729,63903],{},[20,120731,120732,120734],{},[15,120733,63903],{}," only works on lists.",[20,120736,120737,120738,120740,120741,94],{},"If you need to sort other iterable objects, use ",[15,120739,74014],{},". This is easier to understand if you know what an iterable is, so you may also want to read ",[173,120742,4758],{"href":5202},[223,120744,120746,120747,118792],{"id":120745},"mistake-4-forgetting-that-sorted-always-returns-a-list","Mistake 4: Forgetting that ",[15,120748,74014],{},[30,120750,120752],{"className":32,"code":120751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cab\"\nresult = sorted(text)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,120753,120754,120767,120781,120785,120795],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120755,120756,120758,120760,120762,120765],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120757,34302],{"class":45},[39,120759,50],{"class":49},[39,120761,255],{"class":243},[39,120763,120764],{"class":247},"cab",[39,120766,2983],{"class":243},[39,120768,120769,120771,120773,120775,120777,120779],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120770,86],{"class":45},[39,120772,50],{"class":49},[39,120774,74148],{"class":112},[39,120776,101],{"class":53},[39,120778,34323],{"class":97},[39,120780,80],{"class":53},[39,120782,120783],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,120784,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,120786,120787,120789,120791,120793],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,120788,113],{"class":112},[39,120790,101],{"class":53},[39,120792,118],{"class":97},[39,120794,80],{"class":53},[39,120796,120797,120799,120801,120803,120805,120807],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,120798,113],{"class":112},[39,120800,101],{"class":53},[39,120802,2845],{"class":2523},[39,120804,101],{"class":53},[39,120806,118],{"class":97},[39,120808,1026],{"class":53},[20,120810,120811],{},[3367,120812,458],{},[30,120814,120816],{"className":32,"code":120815,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,120817,120818,120846],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120819,120820,120822,120824,120826,120828,120830,120832,120834,120836,120838,120840,120842,120844],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120821,3525],{"class":53},[39,120823,629],{"class":243},[39,120825,173],{"class":247},[39,120827,629],{"class":243},[39,120829,61],{"class":53},[39,120831,2920],{"class":243},[39,120833,1070],{"class":247},[39,120835,629],{"class":243},[39,120837,61],{"class":53},[39,120839,2920],{"class":243},[39,120841,9352],{"class":247},[39,120843,629],{"class":243},[39,120845,3262],{"class":53},[39,120847,120848,120850,120852,120854,120856,120858],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120849,2914],{"class":49},[39,120851,2917],{"class":1689},[39,120853,2920],{"class":243},[39,120855,7710],{"class":247},[39,120857,629],{"class":243},[39,120859,2927],{"class":49},[20,120861,120862],{},"Even though the original value was a string, the result is still a list.",[134,120864,113313],{"id":113312},[20,120866,120867],{},"Beginners usually mix these up for one of these reasons:",[147,120869,120870,120873,120878,120883,120889],{},[150,120871,120872],{},"confusing a function with a method",[150,120874,120875,120876,53246],{},"not knowing that ",[15,120877,63903],{},[150,120879,120880,120881,12209],{},"assigning the result of ",[15,120882,77457],{},[150,120884,120885,120886,120888],{},"trying to use ",[15,120887,63903],{}," on non-list data types",[150,120890,50112,120891,120893],{},[15,120892,74014],{}," to preserve the original data type, such as tuple or string",[20,120895,120896],{},"If something is not behaving the way you expect, these quick checks can help:",[30,120898,120900],{"className":32,"code":120899,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_list)\nprint(sorted(my_list))\nresult = my_list.sort(); print(result)\nprint(type(my_data))\nhelp(sorted)\nhelp(list.sort)\n",[15,120901,120902,120912,120926,120951,120966,120976],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,120903,120904,120906,120908,120910],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,120905,113],{"class":112},[39,120907,101],{"class":53},[39,120909,7955],{"class":97},[39,120911,80],{"class":53},[39,120913,120914,120916,120918,120920,120922,120924],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,120915,113],{"class":112},[39,120917,101],{"class":53},[39,120919,74104],{"class":112},[39,120921,101],{"class":53},[39,120923,7955],{"class":97},[39,120925,1026],{"class":53},[39,120927,120928,120930,120932,120934,120936,120938,120940,120943,120945,120947,120949],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,120929,86],{"class":45},[39,120931,50],{"class":49},[39,120933,8012],{"class":45},[39,120935,94],{"class":53},[39,120937,34414],{"class":97},[39,120939,6982],{"class":53},[39,120941,120942],{"class":45},"; ",[39,120944,113],{"class":112},[39,120946,101],{"class":53},[39,120948,118],{"class":97},[39,120950,80],{"class":53},[39,120952,120953,120955,120957,120959,120961,120964],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,120954,113],{"class":112},[39,120956,101],{"class":53},[39,120958,2845],{"class":2523},[39,120960,101],{"class":53},[39,120962,120963],{"class":97},"my_data",[39,120965,1026],{"class":53},[39,120967,120968,120970,120972,120974],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,120969,31766],{"class":112},[39,120971,101],{"class":53},[39,120973,74104],{"class":112},[39,120975,80],{"class":53},[39,120977,120978,120980,120982,120984,120986,120988],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,120979,31766],{"class":112},[39,120981,101],{"class":53},[39,120983,7710],{"class":2523},[39,120985,94],{"class":53},[39,120987,34414],{"class":997},[39,120989,80],{"class":53},[20,120991,83963],{},[147,120993,120994,120997,121001,121009],{},[150,120995,120996],{},"whether your original list changed",[150,120998,25631,120999,11317],{},[15,121000,74014],{},[150,121002,121003,121004,121006,121007],{},"whether ",[15,121005,63903],{}," returned ",[15,121008,3403],{},[150,121010,121011],{},"what type of object you are working with",[134,121013,121015],{"id":121014},"simple-rule-to-remember","Simple rule to remember",[20,121017,121018],{},"Use this rule:",[147,121020,121021,121029],{},[150,121022,121023,121024,121026,121027],{},"Need a ",[3367,121025,119117],{},": use ",[15,121028,74014],{},[150,121030,121031,121032,121026,121035],{},"Need to ",[3367,121033,121034],{},"change one list directly",[15,121036,77457],{},[20,121038,121039,121040,121042],{},"For many beginners, ",[15,121041,74014],{}," feels easier because it is more explicit and does not silently change the original list.",[134,121044,1454],{"id":1453},[223,121046,121048,121049,177,121051,929],{"id":121047},"which-is-better-for-beginners-sorted-or-listsort","Which is better for beginners, ",[15,121050,74014],{},[15,121052,77457],{},[20,121054,121055,121057],{},[15,121056,74014],{}," is often easier to understand because it returns a new result and does not change the original data.",[223,121059,922,121061,926,121063,929],{"id":121060},"why-does-listsort-return-none",[15,121062,77457],{},[15,121064,3403],{},[20,121066,121067],{},"Because it changes the list directly instead of creating and returning a new sorted list.",[223,121069,1487,121071,121073],{"id":121070},"can-sorted-sort-a-tuple",[15,121072,74014],{}," sort a tuple?",[20,121075,121076],{},"Yes. It can sort any iterable, but it returns a list.",[223,121078,27940,121080,121082],{"id":121079},"can-i-use-sort-on-a-string",[15,121081,63903],{}," on a string?",[20,121084,45971,121085,121087,121088,39540],{},[15,121086,63903],{}," is a list method. Use ",[15,121089,121090],{},"sorted(string)",[223,121092,11431,121094,796,121096,121098],{"id":121093},"do-sorted-and-sort-both-support-descending-order",[15,121095,74014],{},[15,121097,63903],{}," both support descending order?",[20,121100,121101,121102,94],{},"Yes. Both support ",[15,121103,77681],{},[134,121105,1514],{"id":1513},[147,121107,121108,121114,121120,121124,121128],{},[150,121109,121110],{},[173,121111,3202,121112,3135],{"href":74111},[15,121113,74014],{},[150,121115,121116],{},[173,121117,3202,121118,1533],{"href":74365},[15,121119,77457],{},[150,121121,121122],{},[173,121123,79463],{"href":77966},[150,121125,121126],{},[173,121127,120411],{"href":120410},[150,121129,121130],{},[173,121131,52374],{"href":50585},[1550,121133,121134],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":121136},[121137,121138,121139,121143,121147,121150,121154,121158,121163,121173,121174,121175,121187],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":119205,"depth":83,"text":119206},{"id":117308,"depth":83,"text":119030,"children":121140},[121141],{"id":119272,"depth":109,"text":121142},"Example: sorted() keeps the original list unchanged",{"id":77523,"depth":83,"text":79485,"children":121144},[121145],{"id":119449,"depth":109,"text":121146},"Example: list.sort() changes the original list",{"id":119545,"depth":83,"text":119546,"children":121148},[121149],{"id":119571,"depth":109,"text":119572},{"id":119777,"depth":83,"text":121151,"children":121152},"When to use sorted()",[121153],{"id":119799,"depth":109,"text":119800},{"id":119934,"depth":83,"text":121155,"children":121156},"When to use list.sort()",[121157],{"id":119957,"depth":109,"text":119958},{"id":120071,"depth":83,"text":121159,"children":121160},"reverse and key work with both",[121161,121162],{"id":120102,"depth":109,"text":120103},{"id":120230,"depth":109,"text":120231},{"id":120414,"depth":83,"text":120415,"children":121164},[121165,121167,121169,121171],{"id":120421,"depth":109,"text":121166},"Mistake 1: Assigning list.sort() to a variable",{"id":120545,"depth":109,"text":121168},"Mistake 2: Expecting sorted() to change the original list",{"id":120694,"depth":109,"text":121170},"Mistake 3: Trying to call sort() on a tuple or string",{"id":120745,"depth":109,"text":121172},"Mistake 4: Forgetting that sorted() always returns a list",{"id":113312,"depth":83,"text":113313},{"id":121014,"depth":83,"text":121015},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":121176},[121177,121179,121181,121183,121185],{"id":121047,"depth":109,"text":121178},"Which is better for beginners, sorted() or list.sort()?",{"id":121060,"depth":109,"text":121180},"Why does list.sort() return None?",{"id":121070,"depth":109,"text":121182},"Can sorted() sort a tuple?",{"id":121079,"depth":109,"text":121184},"Can I use sort() on a string?",{"id":121093,"depth":109,"text":121186},"Do sorted() and sort() both support descending order?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python sorted vs list.sort explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":119076,"description":121188},"reference\u002Fpython-sorted-vs-list.sort-explained","X_9GbXWbpLil07A8gxuHLi2EoRTNXkAwL_w70GVpp14",{"id":121194,"title":41784,"body":121195,"description":122926,"extension":1587,"meta":122927,"navigation":420,"path":122928,"seo":122929,"stem":122930,"__hash__":122931},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained.md",{"type":7,"value":121196,"toc":122883},[121197,121202,121207,121213,121215,121270,121274,121297,121302,121307,121312,121314,121345,121348,121362,121364,121366,121381,121386,121390,121393,121444,121448,121462,121469,121473,121477,121532,121536,121559,121563,121619,121623,121646,121650,121705,121709,121732,121736,121803,121807,121842,121848,121853,121858,121860,121874,121876,121950,121954,121973,121978,121985,121988,122000,122002,122071,122075,122112,122115,122140,122147,122156,122159,122171,122177,122183,122185,122191,122196,122275,122279,122320,122324,122326,122353,122356,122379,122382,122388,122391,122428,122440,122447,122449,122500,122503,122535,122538,122540,122547,122549,122564,122566,122623,122627,122651,122653,122658,122674,122681,122685,122688,122771,122781,122783,122788,122791,122797,122800,122806,122809,122815,122818,122825,122833,122835,122880],[10,121198,3202,121200,3206],{"id":121199},"python-str-function-explained",[15,121201,47289],{},[20,121203,31931,121204,121206],{},[15,121205,47289],{}," function converts a value into a string.",[20,121208,121209,121210,121212],{},"A string is text in Python. Beginners often use ",[15,121211,47289],{}," when they need to turn a number into text before combining it with other strings.",[134,121214,1629],{"id":1628},[30,121216,121218],{"className":32,"code":121217,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121219,121220,121228,121242,121246,121256],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121221,121222,121224,121226],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121223,21240],{"class":45},[39,121225,50],{"class":49},[39,121227,44832],{"class":57},[39,121229,121230,121232,121234,121236,121238,121240],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121231,34302],{"class":45},[39,121233,50],{"class":49},[39,121235,48510],{"class":2523},[39,121237,101],{"class":53},[39,121239,8911],{"class":97},[39,121241,80],{"class":53},[39,121243,121244],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,121245,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,121247,121248,121250,121252,121254],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,121249,113],{"class":112},[39,121251,101],{"class":53},[39,121253,34323],{"class":97},[39,121255,80],{"class":53},[39,121257,121258,121260,121262,121264,121266,121268],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,121259,113],{"class":112},[39,121261,101],{"class":53},[39,121263,2845],{"class":2523},[39,121265,101],{"class":53},[39,121267,34323],{"class":97},[39,121269,1026],{"class":53},[20,121271,121272],{},[3367,121273,458],{},[30,121275,121277],{"className":32,"code":121276,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121278,121279,121283],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121280,121281],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121282,2331],{"class":57},[39,121284,121285,121287,121289,121291,121293,121295],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121286,2914],{"class":49},[39,121288,2917],{"class":1689},[39,121290,2920],{"class":243},[39,121292,3069],{"class":247},[39,121294,629],{"class":243},[39,121296,2927],{"class":49},[20,121298,128,121299,121301],{},[15,121300,47289],{}," when you need a string version of a value, such as a number before joining or concatenating text.",[134,121303,137,121305,140],{"id":121304},"what-str-does",[15,121306,47289],{},[20,121308,121309,121311],{},[15,121310,47289],{}," converts a value into a string.",[20,121313,1731],{},[147,121315,121316,121323,121330,121337],{},[150,121317,121318,121319,41764,121321],{},"An integer like ",[15,121320,682],{},[15,121322,41735],{},[150,121324,121325,121326,41764,121328],{},"A float like ",[15,121327,39754],{},[15,121329,47700],{},[150,121331,121332,121333,41764,121335],{},"A boolean like ",[15,121334,939],{},[15,121336,6257],{},[150,121338,121339,121340,41764,121342],{},"A list like ",[15,121341,74836],{},[15,121343,121344],{},"\"[1, 2, 3]\"",[20,121346,121347],{},"The result is text, so you can:",[147,121349,121350,121353,121356,121359],{},[150,121351,121352],{},"print it",[150,121354,121355],{},"combine it with other strings",[150,121357,121358],{},"save it to a file",[150,121360,121361],{},"use it in messages",[134,121363,1781],{"id":1780},[20,121365,6834],{},[30,121367,121369],{"className":32,"code":121368,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"str(object)\n",[15,121370,121371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121372,121373,121375,121377,121379],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121374,3069],{"class":2523},[39,121376,101],{"class":53},[39,121378,42006],{"class":2523},[39,121380,80],{"class":53},[20,121382,20383,121383,121385],{},[15,121384,42006],{}," is the value you want to convert.",[20,121387,121388,7841],{},[15,121389,47289],{},[20,121391,121392],{},"A very common beginner use case is converting a number before combining it with text:",[30,121394,121396],{"className":32,"code":121395,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"score = 100\nmessage = \"Your score is \" + str(score)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,121397,121398,121407,121430,121434],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121399,121400,121402,121404],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121401,4718],{"class":45},[39,121403,50],{"class":49},[39,121405,121406],{"class":57}," 100\n",[39,121408,121409,121411,121413,121415,121418,121420,121422,121424,121426,121428],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121410,89597],{"class":45},[39,121412,50],{"class":49},[39,121414,255],{"class":243},[39,121416,121417],{"class":247},"Your score is ",[39,121419,244],{"class":243},[39,121421,2077],{"class":49},[39,121423,48510],{"class":2523},[39,121425,101],{"class":53},[39,121427,85110],{"class":97},[39,121429,80],{"class":53},[39,121431,121432],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,121433,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,121435,121436,121438,121440,121442],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,121437,113],{"class":112},[39,121439,101],{"class":53},[39,121441,89614],{"class":97},[39,121443,80],{"class":53},[20,121445,121446],{},[3367,121447,458],{},[30,121449,121451],{"className":32,"code":121450,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Your score is 100\n",[15,121452,121453],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121454,121455,121458,121460],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121456,121457],{"class":45},"Your score ",[39,121459,11805],{"class":49},[39,121461,121406],{"class":57},[20,121463,1920,121464,121468],{},[173,121465,121466,1927],{"href":1923},[15,121467,1926],{}," can help you check.",[134,121470,121472],{"id":121471},"simple-examples","Simple examples",[223,121474,121476],{"id":121475},"convert-an-integer-to-a-string","Convert an integer to a string",[30,121478,121480],{"className":32,"code":121479,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = 10\ntext = str(number)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121481,121482,121490,121504,121508,121518],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121483,121484,121486,121488],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121485,1842],{"class":45},[39,121487,50],{"class":49},[39,121489,2209],{"class":57},[39,121491,121492,121494,121496,121498,121500,121502],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121493,34302],{"class":45},[39,121495,50],{"class":49},[39,121497,48510],{"class":2523},[39,121499,101],{"class":53},[39,121501,1864],{"class":97},[39,121503,80],{"class":53},[39,121505,121506],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,121507,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,121509,121510,121512,121514,121516],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,121511,113],{"class":112},[39,121513,101],{"class":53},[39,121515,34323],{"class":97},[39,121517,80],{"class":53},[39,121519,121520,121522,121524,121526,121528,121530],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,121521,113],{"class":112},[39,121523,101],{"class":53},[39,121525,2845],{"class":2523},[39,121527,101],{"class":53},[39,121529,34323],{"class":97},[39,121531,1026],{"class":53},[20,121533,121534],{},[3367,121535,458],{},[30,121537,121539],{"className":32,"code":121538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121540,121541,121545],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121542,121543],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121544,2000],{"class":57},[39,121546,121547,121549,121551,121553,121555,121557],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121548,2914],{"class":49},[39,121550,2917],{"class":1689},[39,121552,2920],{"class":243},[39,121554,3069],{"class":247},[39,121556,629],{"class":243},[39,121558,2927],{"class":49},[223,121560,121562],{"id":121561},"convert-a-float-to-a-string","Convert a float to a string",[30,121564,121566],{"className":32,"code":121565,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = 3.14\ntext = str(price)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121567,121568,121577,121591,121595,121605],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121569,121570,121572,121574],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121571,39998],{"class":45},[39,121573,50],{"class":49},[39,121575,121576],{"class":57}," 3.14\n",[39,121578,121579,121581,121583,121585,121587,121589],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121580,34302],{"class":45},[39,121582,50],{"class":49},[39,121584,48510],{"class":2523},[39,121586,101],{"class":53},[39,121588,24761],{"class":97},[39,121590,80],{"class":53},[39,121592,121593],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,121594,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,121596,121597,121599,121601,121603],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,121598,113],{"class":112},[39,121600,101],{"class":53},[39,121602,34323],{"class":97},[39,121604,80],{"class":53},[39,121606,121607,121609,121611,121613,121615,121617],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,121608,113],{"class":112},[39,121610,101],{"class":53},[39,121612,2845],{"class":2523},[39,121614,101],{"class":53},[39,121616,34323],{"class":97},[39,121618,1026],{"class":53},[20,121620,121621],{},[3367,121622,458],{},[30,121624,121626],{"className":32,"code":121625,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3.14\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121627,121628,121632],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121629,121630],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121631,39788],{"class":57},[39,121633,121634,121636,121638,121640,121642,121644],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121635,2914],{"class":49},[39,121637,2917],{"class":1689},[39,121639,2920],{"class":243},[39,121641,3069],{"class":247},[39,121643,629],{"class":243},[39,121645,2927],{"class":49},[223,121647,121649],{"id":121648},"convert-a-boolean-to-a-string","Convert a boolean to a string",[30,121651,121653],{"className":32,"code":121652,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = True\ntext = str(value)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121654,121655,121663,121677,121681,121691],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121656,121657,121659,121661],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121658,2070],{"class":45},[39,121660,50],{"class":49},[39,121662,6038],{"class":3477},[39,121664,121665,121667,121669,121671,121673,121675],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121666,34302],{"class":45},[39,121668,50],{"class":49},[39,121670,48510],{"class":2523},[39,121672,101],{"class":53},[39,121674,155],{"class":97},[39,121676,80],{"class":53},[39,121678,121679],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,121680,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,121682,121683,121685,121687,121689],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,121684,113],{"class":112},[39,121686,101],{"class":53},[39,121688,34323],{"class":97},[39,121690,80],{"class":53},[39,121692,121693,121695,121697,121699,121701,121703],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,121694,113],{"class":112},[39,121696,101],{"class":53},[39,121698,2845],{"class":2523},[39,121700,101],{"class":53},[39,121702,34323],{"class":97},[39,121704,1026],{"class":53},[20,121706,121707],{},[3367,121708,458],{},[30,121710,121712],{"className":32,"code":121711,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121713,121714,121718],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121715,121716],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121717,3605],{"class":3477},[39,121719,121720,121722,121724,121726,121728,121730],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121721,2914],{"class":49},[39,121723,2917],{"class":1689},[39,121725,2920],{"class":243},[39,121727,3069],{"class":247},[39,121729,629],{"class":243},[39,121731,2927],{"class":49},[223,121733,121735],{"id":121734},"convert-a-list-to-a-string","Convert a list to a string",[30,121737,121739],{"className":32,"code":121738,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [1, 2, 3]\ntext = str(items)\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,121740,121741,121761,121775,121779,121789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121742,121743,121745,121747,121749,121751,121753,121755,121757,121759],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121744,7397],{"class":45},[39,121746,50],{"class":49},[39,121748,3249],{"class":53},[39,121750,58],{"class":57},[39,121752,61],{"class":53},[39,121754,64],{"class":57},[39,121756,61],{"class":53},[39,121758,73],{"class":57},[39,121760,3262],{"class":53},[39,121762,121763,121765,121767,121769,121771,121773],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121764,34302],{"class":45},[39,121766,50],{"class":49},[39,121768,48510],{"class":2523},[39,121770,101],{"class":53},[39,121772,7426],{"class":97},[39,121774,80],{"class":53},[39,121776,121777],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,121778,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,121780,121781,121783,121785,121787],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,121782,113],{"class":112},[39,121784,101],{"class":53},[39,121786,34323],{"class":97},[39,121788,80],{"class":53},[39,121790,121791,121793,121795,121797,121799,121801],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,121792,113],{"class":112},[39,121794,101],{"class":53},[39,121796,2845],{"class":2523},[39,121798,101],{"class":53},[39,121800,34323],{"class":97},[39,121802,1026],{"class":53},[20,121804,121805],{},[3367,121806,458],{},[30,121808,121810],{"className":32,"code":121809,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[1, 2, 3]\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,121811,121812,121828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121813,121814,121816,121818,121820,121822,121824,121826],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121815,3525],{"class":53},[39,121817,58],{"class":57},[39,121819,61],{"class":53},[39,121821,64],{"class":57},[39,121823,61],{"class":53},[39,121825,73],{"class":57},[39,121827,3262],{"class":53},[39,121829,121830,121832,121834,121836,121838,121840],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121831,2914],{"class":49},[39,121833,2917],{"class":1689},[39,121835,2920],{"class":243},[39,121837,3069],{"class":247},[39,121839,629],{"class":243},[39,121841,2927],{"class":49},[20,121843,121844,121845,121847],{},"This gives you the string form of the list. It does ",[3367,121846,4254],{}," join the items into a clean sentence.",[134,121849,4584,121851],{"id":121850},"when-to-use-str",[15,121852,47289],{},[20,121854,128,121855,121857],{},[15,121856,47289],{}," when you want a text representation of another data type.",[20,121859,36039],{},[147,121861,121862,121865,121868,121871],{},[150,121863,121864],{},"Before concatenating text with numbers",[150,121866,121867],{},"Before writing mixed values to a file",[150,121869,121870],{},"Before displaying values in messages",[150,121872,121873],{},"When you want text instead of a numeric value",[20,121875,515],{},[30,121877,121879],{"className":32,"code":121878,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 25\n\nmessage = name + \" is \" + str(age) + \" years old.\"\nprint(message)\n",[15,121880,121881,121893,121901,121905,121940],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121882,121883,121885,121887,121889,121891],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121884,7493],{"class":45},[39,121886,50],{"class":49},[39,121888,255],{"class":243},[39,121890,11120],{"class":247},[39,121892,2983],{"class":243},[39,121894,121895,121897,121899],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,121896,21240],{"class":45},[39,121898,50],{"class":49},[39,121900,44832],{"class":57},[39,121902,121903],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,121904,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,121906,121907,121909,121911,121913,121915,121917,121919,121921,121923,121925,121927,121929,121931,121933,121935,121938],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,121908,89597],{"class":45},[39,121910,50],{"class":49},[39,121912,35583],{"class":45},[39,121914,1684],{"class":49},[39,121916,255],{"class":243},[39,121918,936],{"class":247},[39,121920,244],{"class":243},[39,121922,2077],{"class":49},[39,121924,48510],{"class":2523},[39,121926,101],{"class":53},[39,121928,8911],{"class":97},[39,121930,121],{"class":53},[39,121932,2077],{"class":49},[39,121934,255],{"class":243},[39,121936,121937],{"class":247}," years old.",[39,121939,2983],{"class":243},[39,121941,121942,121944,121946,121948],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,121943,113],{"class":112},[39,121945,101],{"class":53},[39,121947,89614],{"class":97},[39,121949,80],{"class":53},[20,121951,121952],{},[3367,121953,458],{},[30,121955,121957],{"className":32,"code":121956,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Maya is 25 years old.\n",[15,121958,121959],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,121960,121961,121964,121966,121968,121971],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,121962,121963],{"class":45},"Maya ",[39,121965,11805],{"class":49},[39,121967,8918],{"class":57},[39,121969,121970],{"class":45}," years old",[39,121972,639],{"class":53},[20,121974,121975,121976,94],{},"If you need help with cleaner message building, see ",[173,121977,89283],{"href":89282},[134,121979,121981,10198,121983],{"id":121980},"str-vs-print",[15,121982,47289],{},[15,121984,46058],{},[20,121986,121987],{},"These two functions do different jobs:",[147,121989,121990,121995],{},[150,121991,121992,121994],{},[15,121993,47289],{}," converts a value and returns a string",[150,121996,121997,121999],{},[15,121998,46058],{}," displays output on the screen",[20,122001,515],{},[30,122003,122005],{"className":32,"code":122004,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 42\n\ntext = str(value)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,122006,122007,122015,122019,122033,122043,122057],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122008,122009,122011,122013],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122010,2070],{"class":45},[39,122012,50],{"class":49},[39,122014,2391],{"class":57},[39,122016,122017],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122018,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,122020,122021,122023,122025,122027,122029,122031],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,122022,34302],{"class":45},[39,122024,50],{"class":49},[39,122026,48510],{"class":2523},[39,122028,101],{"class":53},[39,122030,155],{"class":97},[39,122032,80],{"class":53},[39,122034,122035,122037,122039,122041],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,122036,113],{"class":112},[39,122038,101],{"class":53},[39,122040,34323],{"class":97},[39,122042,80],{"class":53},[39,122044,122045,122047,122049,122051,122053,122055],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,122046,113],{"class":112},[39,122048,101],{"class":53},[39,122050,2845],{"class":2523},[39,122052,101],{"class":53},[39,122054,34323],{"class":97},[39,122056,1026],{"class":53},[39,122058,122059,122061,122063,122065,122067,122069],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,122060,113],{"class":112},[39,122062,101],{"class":53},[39,122064,2845],{"class":2523},[39,122066,101],{"class":53},[39,122068,155],{"class":97},[39,122070,1026],{"class":53},[20,122072,122073],{},[3367,122074,458],{},[30,122076,122078],{"className":32,"code":122077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,122079,122080,122084,122098],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122081,122082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122083,46218],{"class":57},[39,122085,122086,122088,122090,122092,122094,122096],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122087,2914],{"class":49},[39,122089,2917],{"class":1689},[39,122091,2920],{"class":243},[39,122093,3069],{"class":247},[39,122095,629],{"class":243},[39,122097,2927],{"class":49},[39,122099,122100,122102,122104,122106,122108,122110],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,122101,2914],{"class":49},[39,122103,2917],{"class":1689},[39,122105,2920],{"class":243},[39,122107,1813],{"class":247},[39,122109,629],{"class":243},[39,122111,2927],{"class":49},[20,122113,122114],{},"Notice:",[147,122116,122117,122123,122128],{},[150,122118,122119,122122],{},[15,122120,122121],{},"str(value)"," created a string",[150,122124,122125,122127],{},[15,122126,46058],{}," only displayed values",[150,122129,122130,122132,122133,122135,122136,60892,122138],{},[15,122131,46058],{}," did not change ",[15,122134,155],{}," from ",[15,122137,1813],{},[15,122139,3069],{},[20,122141,122142,122143,94],{},"You can learn more about output with the ",[173,122144,122145,1927],{"href":46055},[15,122146,46058],{},[134,122148,122150,10198,122152,122155],{"id":122149},"str-vs-repr-for-beginners",[15,122151,47289],{},[15,122153,122154],{},"repr()"," for beginners",[20,122157,122158],{},"For beginners, the main idea is simple:",[147,122160,122161,122166],{},[150,122162,122163,122165],{},[15,122164,47289],{}," is the more readable text version",[150,122167,122168,122170],{},[15,122169,122154],{}," is more developer-focused",[20,122172,122173,122174,122176],{},"In everyday beginner code, you will usually need ",[15,122175,47289],{}," much more often.",[20,122178,122179,122180,122182],{},"For example, when showing values in a message, ",[15,122181,47289],{}," is usually the right choice.",[134,122184,4141],{"id":4140},[223,122186,25386,122188,122190],{"id":122187},"thinking-str-changes-the-original-variable",[15,122189,47289],{}," changes the original variable",[20,122192,122193,122195],{},[15,122194,47289],{}," does not modify the original value. It returns a new string.",[30,122197,122199],{"className":32,"code":122198,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n\nprint(age)\nprint(type(age))\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,122200,122201,122209,122223,122227,122237,122251,122261],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122202,122203,122205,122207],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122204,21240],{"class":45},[39,122206,50],{"class":49},[39,122208,44832],{"class":57},[39,122210,122211,122213,122215,122217,122219,122221],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122212,34302],{"class":45},[39,122214,50],{"class":49},[39,122216,48510],{"class":2523},[39,122218,101],{"class":53},[39,122220,8911],{"class":97},[39,122222,80],{"class":53},[39,122224,122225],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,122226,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,122228,122229,122231,122233,122235],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,122230,113],{"class":112},[39,122232,101],{"class":53},[39,122234,8911],{"class":97},[39,122236,80],{"class":53},[39,122238,122239,122241,122243,122245,122247,122249],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,122240,113],{"class":112},[39,122242,101],{"class":53},[39,122244,2845],{"class":2523},[39,122246,101],{"class":53},[39,122248,8911],{"class":97},[39,122250,1026],{"class":53},[39,122252,122253,122255,122257,122259],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,122254,113],{"class":112},[39,122256,101],{"class":53},[39,122258,34323],{"class":97},[39,122260,80],{"class":53},[39,122262,122263,122265,122267,122269,122271,122273],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,122264,113],{"class":112},[39,122266,101],{"class":53},[39,122268,2845],{"class":2523},[39,122270,101],{"class":53},[39,122272,34323],{"class":97},[39,122274,1026],{"class":53},[20,122276,122277],{},[3367,122278,458],{},[30,122280,122282],{"className":32,"code":122281,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"25\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n25\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122283,122284,122288,122302,122306],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122285,122286],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122287,2331],{"class":57},[39,122289,122290,122292,122294,122296,122298,122300],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122291,2914],{"class":49},[39,122293,2917],{"class":1689},[39,122295,2920],{"class":243},[39,122297,1813],{"class":247},[39,122299,629],{"class":243},[39,122301,2927],{"class":49},[39,122303,122304],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,122305,2331],{"class":57},[39,122307,122308,122310,122312,122314,122316,122318],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,122309,2914],{"class":49},[39,122311,2917],{"class":1689},[39,122313,2920],{"class":243},[39,122315,3069],{"class":247},[39,122317,629],{"class":243},[39,122319,2927],{"class":49},[223,122321,122323],{"id":122322},"forgetting-to-store-the-result","Forgetting to store the result",[20,122325,6304],{},[30,122327,122329],{"className":32,"code":122328,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\ntext = str(age)\n",[15,122330,122331,122339],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122332,122333,122335,122337],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122334,21240],{"class":45},[39,122336,50],{"class":49},[39,122338,44832],{"class":57},[39,122340,122341,122343,122345,122347,122349,122351],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122342,34302],{"class":45},[39,122344,50],{"class":49},[39,122346,48510],{"class":2523},[39,122348,101],{"class":53},[39,122350,8911],{"class":97},[39,122352,80],{"class":53},[20,122354,122355],{},"But if you only do this:",[30,122357,122359],{"className":32,"code":122358,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\nstr(age)\n",[15,122360,122361,122369],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122362,122363,122365,122367],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122364,21240],{"class":45},[39,122366,50],{"class":49},[39,122368,44832],{"class":57},[39,122370,122371,122373,122375,122377],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122372,3069],{"class":2523},[39,122374,101],{"class":53},[39,122376,8911],{"class":97},[39,122378,80],{"class":53},[20,122380,122381],{},"the conversion happens, but you did not save the result anywhere.",[223,122383,948,122385,122387],{"id":122384},"using-str-too-early",[15,122386,47289],{}," too early",[20,122389,122390],{},"If you convert a number to a string, you can no longer use it directly for math.",[30,122392,122394],{"className":32,"code":122393,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = 10\ntext_price = str(price)\n\n# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[15,122395,122396,122404,122419,122423],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122397,122398,122400,122402],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122399,39998],{"class":45},[39,122401,50],{"class":49},[39,122403,2209],{"class":57},[39,122405,122406,122409,122411,122413,122415,122417],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122407,122408],{"class":45},"text_price ",[39,122410,50],{"class":49},[39,122412,48510],{"class":2523},[39,122414,101],{"class":53},[39,122416,24761],{"class":97},[39,122418,80],{"class":53},[39,122420,122421],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,122422,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,122424,122425],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,122426,122427],{"class":124},"# print(text_price + 5)   # This would cause an error\n",[20,122429,122430,122431,177,122435,122439],{},"If you need a number again, convert it back with ",[173,122432,122433],{"href":2496},[15,122434,2499],{},[173,122436,122437],{"href":2502},[15,122438,2505],{},", depending on the situation.",[223,122441,1030,122443,122446],{"id":122442},"expecting-strlist_value-to-create-user-friendly-formatting",[15,122444,122445],{},"str(list_value)"," to create user-friendly formatting",[20,122448,64235],{},[30,122450,122452],{"className":32,"code":122451,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\"]\nprint(str(items))\n",[15,122453,122454,122486],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122455,122456,122458,122460,122462,122464,122466,122468,122470,122472,122474,122476,122478,122480,122482,122484],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122457,7397],{"class":45},[39,122459,50],{"class":49},[39,122461,3249],{"class":53},[39,122463,244],{"class":243},[39,122465,377],{"class":247},[39,122467,244],{"class":243},[39,122469,61],{"class":53},[39,122471,255],{"class":243},[39,122473,386],{"class":247},[39,122475,244],{"class":243},[39,122477,61],{"class":53},[39,122479,255],{"class":243},[39,122481,403],{"class":247},[39,122483,244],{"class":243},[39,122485,3262],{"class":53},[39,122487,122488,122490,122492,122494,122496,122498],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122489,113],{"class":112},[39,122491,101],{"class":53},[39,122493,3069],{"class":2523},[39,122495,101],{"class":53},[39,122497,7426],{"class":97},[39,122499,1026],{"class":53},[20,122501,122502],{},"prints:",[30,122504,122505],{"className":32,"code":72426,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,122506,122507],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122508,122509,122511,122513,122515,122517,122519,122521,122523,122525,122527,122529,122531,122533],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122510,3525],{"class":53},[39,122512,629],{"class":243},[39,122514,377],{"class":247},[39,122516,629],{"class":243},[39,122518,61],{"class":53},[39,122520,2920],{"class":243},[39,122522,386],{"class":247},[39,122524,629],{"class":243},[39,122526,61],{"class":53},[39,122528,2920],{"class":243},[39,122530,403],{"class":247},[39,122532,629],{"class":243},[39,122534,3262],{"class":53},[20,122536,122537],{},"That is the string representation of the list. It is not the same as a nicely formatted sentence.",[134,122539,17032],{"id":17031},[20,122541,122542,21587,122544,94],{},[15,122543,47289],{},[3367,122545,122546],{},"new string",[20,122548,11071],{},[147,122550,122551,122554,122557],{},[150,122552,122553],{},"It always returns a string",[150,122555,122556],{},"It does not modify the original object",[150,122558,7380,122559,122563],{},[173,122560,122561],{"href":1923},[15,122562,1926],{}," to confirm the result",[20,122565,515],{},[30,122567,122569],{"className":32,"code":122568,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 99\nconverted = str(value)\n\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122570,122571,122579,122594,122598,122609],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122572,122573,122575,122577],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122574,2070],{"class":45},[39,122576,50],{"class":49},[39,122578,13741],{"class":57},[39,122580,122581,122584,122586,122588,122590,122592],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122582,122583],{"class":45},"converted ",[39,122585,50],{"class":49},[39,122587,48510],{"class":2523},[39,122589,101],{"class":53},[39,122591,155],{"class":97},[39,122593,80],{"class":53},[39,122595,122596],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,122597,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,122599,122600,122602,122604,122607],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,122601,113],{"class":112},[39,122603,101],{"class":53},[39,122605,122606],{"class":97},"converted",[39,122608,80],{"class":53},[39,122610,122611,122613,122615,122617,122619,122621],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,122612,113],{"class":112},[39,122614,101],{"class":53},[39,122616,2845],{"class":2523},[39,122618,101],{"class":53},[39,122620,122606],{"class":97},[39,122622,1026],{"class":53},[20,122624,122625],{},[3367,122626,458],{},[30,122628,122630],{"className":32,"code":122629,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"99\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,122631,122632,122637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122633,122634],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122635,122636],{"class":57},"99\n",[39,122638,122639,122641,122643,122645,122647,122649],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122640,2914],{"class":49},[39,122642,2917],{"class":1689},[39,122644,2920],{"class":243},[39,122646,3069],{"class":247},[39,122648,629],{"class":243},[39,122650,2927],{"class":49},[134,122652,113313],{"id":113312},[20,122654,122655,122656,74405],{},"Beginners usually run into trouble with ",[15,122657,47289],{},[147,122659,122660,122663,122666,122671],{},[150,122661,122662],{},"Trying to add a string and an integer without conversion",[150,122664,122665],{},"Confusing conversion with printing",[150,122667,948,122668,122670],{},[15,122669,47289],{}," too early and then trying to do math on the result",[150,122672,122673],{},"Assuming list or dictionary conversion creates user-friendly formatting",[20,122675,122676,122677,94],{},"A very common related error happens when you try to combine text and a number directly. If that is your problem, see ",[173,122678,25291,122679],{"href":89995},[15,122680,89996],{},[134,122682,122684],{"id":122683},"useful-debugging-steps","Useful debugging steps",[20,122686,122687],{},"If you are not sure what is happening, print both the value and its type:",[30,122689,122691],{"className":32,"code":122690,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 25\n\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n\nconverted = str(value)\nprint(converted)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,122692,122693,122701,122705,122715,122729,122733,122747,122757],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122694,122695,122697,122699],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122696,2070],{"class":45},[39,122698,50],{"class":49},[39,122700,44832],{"class":57},[39,122702,122703],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122704,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,122706,122707,122709,122711,122713],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,122708,113],{"class":112},[39,122710,101],{"class":53},[39,122712,155],{"class":97},[39,122714,80],{"class":53},[39,122716,122717,122719,122721,122723,122725,122727],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,122718,113],{"class":112},[39,122720,101],{"class":53},[39,122722,2845],{"class":2523},[39,122724,101],{"class":53},[39,122726,155],{"class":97},[39,122728,1026],{"class":53},[39,122730,122731],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,122732,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,122734,122735,122737,122739,122741,122743,122745],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,122736,122583],{"class":45},[39,122738,50],{"class":49},[39,122740,48510],{"class":2523},[39,122742,101],{"class":53},[39,122744,155],{"class":97},[39,122746,80],{"class":53},[39,122748,122749,122751,122753,122755],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,122750,113],{"class":112},[39,122752,101],{"class":53},[39,122754,122606],{"class":97},[39,122756,80],{"class":53},[39,122758,122759,122761,122763,122765,122767,122769],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,122760,113],{"class":112},[39,122762,101],{"class":53},[39,122764,2845],{"class":2523},[39,122766,101],{"class":53},[39,122768,122606],{"class":97},[39,122770,1026],{"class":53},[20,122772,122773,122774,1814,122776,122778,122779,94],{},"This helps you see exactly when a value changes from ",[15,122775,1813],{},[15,122777,1817],{},", or another type into ",[15,122780,3069],{},[134,122782,1454],{"id":1453},[223,122784,1458,122786,1461],{"id":122785},"what-does-str-return-in-python",[15,122787,47289],{},[20,122789,122790],{},"It returns a string version of the value you pass in.",[223,122792,1468,122794,122796],{"id":122793},"does-str-change-the-original-variable",[15,122795,47289],{}," change the original variable?",[20,122798,122799],{},"No. It creates and returns a new string.",[223,122801,1487,122803,122805],{"id":122802},"can-str-convert-numbers-to-text",[15,122804,47289],{}," convert numbers to text?",[20,122807,122808],{},"Yes. It can convert integers, floats, and other values into strings.",[223,122810,94181,122812,122814],{"id":122811},"why-use-str-before-combining-text-and-numbers",[15,122813,47289],{}," before combining text and numbers?",[20,122816,122817],{},"Because Python does not let you directly concatenate a string with an integer or float.",[223,122819,14514,122821,56807,122823,929],{"id":122820},"is-str-the-same-as-print",[15,122822,47289],{},[15,122824,46058],{},[20,122826,45971,122827,122829,122830,122832],{},[15,122828,47289],{}," converts to text. ",[15,122831,46058],{}," shows output.",[134,122834,1514],{"id":1513},[147,122836,122837,122843,122849,122855,122861,122870,122874],{},[150,122838,122839],{},[173,122840,122841,3135],{"href":46055},[15,122842,46058],{},[150,122844,122845],{},[173,122846,122847,3135],{"href":1923},[15,122848,1926],{},[150,122850,122851],{},[173,122852,122853,3135],{"href":2496},[15,122854,2499],{},[150,122856,122857],{},[173,122858,122859,3135],{"href":2502},[15,122860,2505],{},[150,122862,122863],{},[173,122864,122866,122867,122869],{"href":122865},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-convert-int-to-string-in-python\u002F","How to convert ",[15,122868,1813],{}," to string in Python",[150,122871,122872],{},[173,122873,90273],{"href":89282},[150,122875,122876],{},[173,122877,29960,122878],{"href":89995},[15,122879,89996],{},[1550,122881,122882],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":122884},[122885,122886,122888,122889,122895,122897,122899,122901,122910,122911,122912,122913,122925],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":121304,"depth":83,"text":122887},"What str() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":121471,"depth":83,"text":121472,"children":122890},[122891,122892,122893,122894],{"id":121475,"depth":109,"text":121476},{"id":121561,"depth":109,"text":121562},{"id":121648,"depth":109,"text":121649},{"id":121734,"depth":109,"text":121735},{"id":121850,"depth":83,"text":122896},"When to use str()",{"id":121980,"depth":83,"text":122898},"str() vs print()",{"id":122149,"depth":83,"text":122900},"str() vs repr() for beginners",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":122902},[122903,122905,122906,122908],{"id":122187,"depth":109,"text":122904},"Thinking str() changes the original variable",{"id":122322,"depth":109,"text":122323},{"id":122384,"depth":109,"text":122907},"Using str() too early",{"id":122442,"depth":109,"text":122909},"Expecting str(list_value) to create user-friendly formatting",{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":113312,"depth":83,"text":113313},{"id":122683,"depth":83,"text":122684},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":122914},[122915,122917,122919,122921,122923],{"id":122785,"depth":109,"text":122916},"What does str() return in Python?",{"id":122793,"depth":109,"text":122918},"Does str() change the original variable?",{"id":122802,"depth":109,"text":122920},"Can str() convert numbers to text?",{"id":122811,"depth":109,"text":122922},"Why use str() before combining text and numbers?",{"id":122820,"depth":109,"text":122924},"Is str() the same as print()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python str function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained",{"title":41784,"description":122926},"reference\u002Fpython-str-function-explained","xSgxPTbh2LeZ2szCzgugEbmUMc6VSvYIjm9yYt9CY3Y",{"id":122933,"title":122934,"body":122935,"description":124388,"extension":1587,"meta":124389,"navigation":420,"path":124390,"seo":124391,"stem":124392,"__hash__":124393},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method.md","Python String count() Method",{"type":7,"value":122936,"toc":124350},[122937,122943,122949,122952,122974,122976,123038,123040,123053,123059,123064,123069,123071,123084,123095,123097,123124,123126,123143,123150,123161,123163,123168,123170,123182,123190,123199,123201,123204,123257,123259,123267,123275,123279,123284,123324,123326,123334,123337,123339,123379,123381,123389,123399,123405,123408,123481,123483,123496,123500,123505,123533,123536,123571,123573,123581,123584,123588,123592,123594,123610,123612,123652,123654,123662,123671,123714,123716,123724,123726,123730,123736,123739,123779,123781,123789,123794,123797,123840,123844,123847,123882,123887,123889,123928,123938,123946,123956,123964,123968,123973,123975,124016,124018,124026,124031,124034,124037,124055,124061,124065,124070,124073,124113,124115,124120,124219,124222,124238,124240,124259,124261,124268,124271,124277,124280,124286,124290,124296,124299,124305,124308,124310,124347],[10,122938,122940,122941,18],{"id":122939},"python-string-count-method","Python String ",[15,122942,17],{},[20,122944,122945,122946,122948],{},"The Python string ",[15,122947,17],{}," method returns how many times a substring appears in a string.",[20,122950,122951],{},"This reference page explains:",[147,122953,122954,122958,122961,122963,122971],{},[150,122955,25631,122956,140],{},[15,122957,17],{},[150,122959,122960],{},"its syntax",[150,122962,35010],{},[150,122964,122965,122966,796,122968,122970],{},"how ",[15,122967,35687],{},[15,122969,52263],{}," work",[150,122972,122973],{},"common beginner mistakes",[134,122975,1629],{"id":1628},[30,122977,122979],{"className":32,"code":122978,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,122980,122981,122993,123015],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,122982,122983,122985,122987,122989,122991],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,122984,34302],{"class":45},[39,122986,50],{"class":49},[39,122988,255],{"class":243},[39,122990,386],{"class":247},[39,122992,2983],{"class":243},[39,122994,122995,122997,122999,123001,123003,123005,123007,123009,123011,123013],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,122996,113],{"class":112},[39,122998,101],{"class":53},[39,123000,34323],{"class":97},[39,123002,94],{"class":53},[39,123004,98],{"class":97},[39,123006,101],{"class":53},[39,123008,244],{"class":243},[39,123010,173],{"class":247},[39,123012,244],{"class":243},[39,123014,1026],{"class":53},[39,123016,123017,123019,123021,123023,123025,123027,123029,123031,123034,123036],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,123018,113],{"class":112},[39,123020,101],{"class":53},[39,123022,34323],{"class":97},[39,123024,94],{"class":53},[39,123026,98],{"class":97},[39,123028,101],{"class":53},[39,123030,244],{"class":243},[39,123032,123033],{"class":247},"na",[39,123035,244],{"class":243},[39,123037,1026],{"class":53},[20,123039,458],{},[30,123041,123043],{"className":32,"code":123042,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"3\n2\n",[15,123044,123045,123049],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123046,123047],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123048,461],{"class":57},[39,123050,123051],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123052,16669],{"class":57},[20,123054,128,123055,123058],{},[15,123056,123057],{},"string.count(value)"," to count how many times a substring appears in a string.",[134,123060,12608,123062,12611],{"id":123061},"what-the-count-method-does",[15,123063,17],{},[20,123065,123066,123068],{},[15,123067,17],{}," tells you how many times some text appears inside a string.",[20,123070,12664],{},[147,123072,123073,123076,123079,123081],{},[150,123074,123075],{},"It returns how many times a substring appears in a string",[150,123077,123078],{},"It works with single characters and longer strings",[150,123080,43266],{},[150,123082,123083],{},"It does not change the original string",[20,123085,123086,123087,123089,123090,1814,123092,123094],{},"For example, if you want to know how many ",[15,123088,17708],{}," characters are in ",[15,123091,64866],{},[15,123093,17],{}," is a simple choice.",[134,123096,1781],{"id":1780},[30,123098,123100],{"className":32,"code":123099,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.count(value, start, end)\n",[15,123101,123102],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123103,123104,123106,123108,123110,123112,123114,123116,123118,123120,123122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123105,60765],{"class":45},[39,123107,94],{"class":53},[39,123109,98],{"class":97},[39,123111,101],{"class":53},[39,123113,155],{"class":97},[39,123115,61],{"class":53},[39,123117,35666],{"class":97},[39,123119,61],{"class":53},[39,123121,64632],{"class":97},[39,123123,80],{"class":53},[223,123125,17008],{"id":17007},[147,123127,123128,123133,123138],{},[150,123129,123130,123132],{},[15,123131,155],{},": the text to search for",[150,123134,123135,123137],{},[15,123136,35687],{},": optional; where counting begins",[150,123139,123140,123142],{},[15,123141,52263],{},": optional; where counting stops",[20,123144,123145,796,123147,123149],{},[15,123146,35687],{},[15,123148,52263],{}," work like slice positions:",[147,123151,123152,123157],{},[150,123153,123154,123156],{},[15,123155,35687],{}," is included",[150,123158,123159,75331],{},[15,123160,52263],{},[134,123162,17032],{"id":17031},[20,123164,123165,123167],{},[15,123166,17],{}," returns a whole number.",[20,123169,1749],{},[147,123171,123172,123177],{},[150,123173,123174,123175],{},"If the substring is found 3 times, it returns ",[15,123176,479],{},[150,123178,123179,123180],{},"If the substring is not found, it returns ",[15,123181,221],{},[20,123183,40517,123184,926,123186,177,123188,94],{},[3367,123185,4254],{},[15,123187,939],{},[15,123189,1038],{},[20,123191,123192,123193,123198],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, using the ",[173,123194,123196,101191],{"href":123195},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python\u002F",[15,123197,1128],{}," is often a better fit.",[134,123200,355],{"id":354},[20,123202,123203],{},"Here is a short example that counts one character:",[30,123205,123207],{"className":32,"code":123206,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple\"\nresult = text.count(\"p\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,123208,123209,123221,123243,123247],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123210,123211,123213,123215,123217,123219],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123212,34302],{"class":45},[39,123214,50],{"class":49},[39,123216,255],{"class":243},[39,123218,377],{"class":247},[39,123220,2983],{"class":243},[39,123222,123223,123225,123227,123229,123231,123233,123235,123237,123239,123241],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123224,86],{"class":45},[39,123226,50],{"class":49},[39,123228,42449],{"class":45},[39,123230,94],{"class":53},[39,123232,98],{"class":97},[39,123234,101],{"class":53},[39,123236,244],{"class":243},[39,123238,20],{"class":247},[39,123240,244],{"class":243},[39,123242,80],{"class":53},[39,123244,123245],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,123246,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,123248,123249,123251,123253,123255],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,123250,113],{"class":112},[39,123252,101],{"class":53},[39,123254,118],{"class":97},[39,123256,80],{"class":53},[20,123258,458],{},[30,123260,123261],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123262,123263],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123264,123265],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123266,16669],{"class":57},[20,123268,63411,123269,123272,123273,94],{},[15,123270,123271],{},"\"p\""," appears 2 times in ",[15,123274,472],{},[134,123276,123278],{"id":123277},"counting-a-word-or-substring","Counting a word or substring",[20,123280,123281,123283],{},[15,123282,17],{}," can search for more than one character. It can count full words or repeated patterns.",[30,123285,123287],{"className":32,"code":123286,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat dog cat bird cat\"\nprint(text.count(\"cat\"))\n",[15,123288,123289,123302],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123290,123291,123293,123295,123297,123300],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123292,34302],{"class":45},[39,123294,50],{"class":49},[39,123296,255],{"class":243},[39,123298,123299],{"class":247},"cat dog cat bird cat",[39,123301,2983],{"class":243},[39,123303,123304,123306,123308,123310,123312,123314,123316,123318,123320,123322],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123305,113],{"class":112},[39,123307,101],{"class":53},[39,123309,34323],{"class":97},[39,123311,94],{"class":53},[39,123313,98],{"class":97},[39,123315,101],{"class":53},[39,123317,244],{"class":243},[39,123319,839],{"class":247},[39,123321,244],{"class":243},[39,123323,1026],{"class":53},[20,123325,458],{},[30,123327,123328],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123329,123330],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123331,123332],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123333,461],{"class":57},[20,123335,123336],{},"It matches exact text only. That means spacing, punctuation, and letter case matter.",[20,123338,515],{},[30,123340,123342],{"className":32,"code":123341,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"one One one\"\nprint(text.count(\"one\"))\n",[15,123343,123344,123357],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123345,123346,123348,123350,123352,123355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123347,34302],{"class":45},[39,123349,50],{"class":49},[39,123351,255],{"class":243},[39,123353,123354],{"class":247},"one One one",[39,123356,2983],{"class":243},[39,123358,123359,123361,123363,123365,123367,123369,123371,123373,123375,123377],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123360,113],{"class":112},[39,123362,101],{"class":53},[39,123364,34323],{"class":97},[39,123366,94],{"class":53},[39,123368,98],{"class":97},[39,123370,101],{"class":53},[39,123372,244],{"class":243},[39,123374,6201],{"class":247},[39,123376,244],{"class":243},[39,123378,1026],{"class":53},[20,123380,458],{},[30,123382,123383],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123384,123385],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123386,123387],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123388,16669],{"class":57},[20,123390,123391,123392,123395,123396,123398],{},"The uppercase ",[15,123393,123394],{},"\"One\""," is not counted because ",[15,123397,17],{}," is case-sensitive.",[134,123400,948,123401,796,123403],{"id":64997},[15,123402,35687],{},[15,123404,52263],{},[20,123406,123407],{},"You can limit the search to only part of the string.",[30,123409,123411],{"className":32,"code":123410,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2))\nprint(text.count(\"a\", 2, 5))\n",[15,123412,123413,123425,123451],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123414,123415,123417,123419,123421,123423],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123416,34302],{"class":45},[39,123418,50],{"class":49},[39,123420,255],{"class":243},[39,123422,386],{"class":247},[39,123424,2983],{"class":243},[39,123426,123427,123429,123431,123433,123435,123437,123439,123441,123443,123445,123447,123449],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123428,113],{"class":112},[39,123430,101],{"class":53},[39,123432,34323],{"class":97},[39,123434,94],{"class":53},[39,123436,98],{"class":97},[39,123438,101],{"class":53},[39,123440,244],{"class":243},[39,123442,173],{"class":247},[39,123444,244],{"class":243},[39,123446,61],{"class":53},[39,123448,64],{"class":57},[39,123450,1026],{"class":53},[39,123452,123453,123455,123457,123459,123461,123463,123465,123467,123469,123471,123473,123475,123477,123479],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,123454,113],{"class":112},[39,123456,101],{"class":53},[39,123458,34323],{"class":97},[39,123460,94],{"class":53},[39,123462,98],{"class":97},[39,123464,101],{"class":53},[39,123466,244],{"class":243},[39,123468,173],{"class":247},[39,123470,244],{"class":243},[39,123472,61],{"class":53},[39,123474,64],{"class":57},[39,123476,61],{"class":53},[39,123478,4228],{"class":57},[39,123480,1026],{"class":53},[20,123482,458],{},[30,123484,123486],{"className":32,"code":123485,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"2\n1\n",[15,123487,123488,123492],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123489,123490],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123491,16669],{"class":57},[39,123493,123494],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123495,46522],{"class":57},[223,123497,123499],{"id":123498},"how-this-works","How this works",[20,123501,123502,123503,145],{},"In ",[15,123504,64866],{},[147,123506,123507,123515,123523],{},[150,123508,70555,123509,123511,123512],{},[15,123510,104],{}," starts at the first ",[15,123513,123514],{},"\"n\"",[150,123516,123517,123520,123521,75629],{},[15,123518,123519],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2)"," counts from index ",[15,123522,104],{},[150,123524,123525,123520,123528,123530,123531],{},[15,123526,123527],{},"text.count(\"a\", 2, 5)",[15,123529,104],{}," up to, but not including, index ",[15,123532,1376],{},[20,123534,123535],{},"This is similar to slicing:",[30,123537,123539],{"className":32,"code":123538,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text[2:5])\n",[15,123540,123541,123553],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123542,123543,123545,123547,123549,123551],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123544,34302],{"class":45},[39,123546,50],{"class":49},[39,123548,255],{"class":243},[39,123550,386],{"class":247},[39,123552,2983],{"class":243},[39,123554,123555,123557,123559,123561,123563,123565,123567,123569],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123556,113],{"class":112},[39,123558,101],{"class":53},[39,123560,34323],{"class":97},[39,123562,3525],{"class":53},[39,123564,104],{"class":57},[39,123566,145],{"class":53},[39,123568,1376],{"class":57},[39,123570,3513],{"class":53},[20,123572,458],{},[30,123574,123575],{"className":32,"code":41077,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123576,123577],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123578,123579],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123580,41077],{"class":45},[20,123582,123583],{},"Only that section is searched.",[134,123585,123587],{"id":123586},"case-sensitivity","Case sensitivity",[20,123589,123590,123398],{},[15,123591,17],{},[20,123593,1731],{},[147,123595,123596,123604],{},[150,123597,123598,796,123600,123603],{},[15,123599,17708],{},[15,123601,123602],{},"\"A\""," are different",[150,123605,123606,796,123608,123603],{},[15,123607,64126],{},[15,123609,90008],{},[20,123611,515],{},[30,123613,123615],{"className":32,"code":123614,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123616,123617,123630],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123618,123619,123621,123623,123625,123628],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123620,34302],{"class":45},[39,123622,50],{"class":49},[39,123624,255],{"class":243},[39,123626,123627],{"class":247},"Apple apple APPLE",[39,123629,2983],{"class":243},[39,123631,123632,123634,123636,123638,123640,123642,123644,123646,123648,123650],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123633,113],{"class":112},[39,123635,101],{"class":53},[39,123637,34323],{"class":97},[39,123639,94],{"class":53},[39,123641,98],{"class":97},[39,123643,101],{"class":53},[39,123645,244],{"class":243},[39,123647,377],{"class":247},[39,123649,244],{"class":243},[39,123651,1026],{"class":53},[20,123653,458],{},[30,123655,123656],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123657,123658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123659,123660],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123661,46522],{"class":57},[20,123663,123664,123665,145],{},"If you want case-insensitive counting, convert the string first with ",[173,123666,123668],{"href":123667},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method\u002F",[15,123669,123670],{},"lower()",[30,123672,123674],{"className":32,"code":123673,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Apple apple APPLE\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"apple\"))\n",[15,123675,123676,123688],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123677,123678,123680,123682,123684,123686],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123679,34302],{"class":45},[39,123681,50],{"class":49},[39,123683,255],{"class":243},[39,123685,123627],{"class":247},[39,123687,2983],{"class":243},[39,123689,123690,123692,123694,123696,123698,123700,123702,123704,123706,123708,123710,123712],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123691,113],{"class":112},[39,123693,101],{"class":53},[39,123695,34323],{"class":97},[39,123697,94],{"class":53},[39,123699,8254],{"class":97},[39,123701,8251],{"class":53},[39,123703,98],{"class":97},[39,123705,101],{"class":53},[39,123707,244],{"class":243},[39,123709,377],{"class":247},[39,123711,244],{"class":243},[39,123713,1026],{"class":53},[20,123715,458],{},[30,123717,123718],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123719,123720],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123721,123722],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123723,461],{"class":57},[134,123725,944],{"id":943},[20,123727,22706,123728,94],{},[15,123729,17],{},[223,123731,1030,123733,123735],{"id":123732},"expecting-count-to-ignore-case-automatically",[15,123734,17],{}," to ignore case automatically",[20,123737,123738],{},"This will not count uppercase and lowercase as the same:",[30,123740,123742],{"className":32,"code":123741,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123743,123744,123757],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123745,123746,123748,123750,123752,123755],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123747,34302],{"class":45},[39,123749,50],{"class":49},[39,123751,255],{"class":243},[39,123753,123754],{"class":247},"Aardvark",[39,123756,2983],{"class":243},[39,123758,123759,123761,123763,123765,123767,123769,123771,123773,123775,123777],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123760,113],{"class":112},[39,123762,101],{"class":53},[39,123764,34323],{"class":97},[39,123766,94],{"class":53},[39,123768,98],{"class":97},[39,123770,101],{"class":53},[39,123772,244],{"class":243},[39,123774,173],{"class":247},[39,123776,244],{"class":243},[39,123778,1026],{"class":53},[20,123780,458],{},[30,123782,123783],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,123784,123785],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123786,123787],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123788,16669],{"class":57},[20,123790,123391,123791,123793],{},[15,123792,123602],{}," at the start is not counted.",[20,123795,123796],{},"If needed, convert first:",[30,123798,123800],{"className":32,"code":123799,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Aardvark\"\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123801,123802,123814],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123803,123804,123806,123808,123810,123812],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123805,34302],{"class":45},[39,123807,50],{"class":49},[39,123809,255],{"class":243},[39,123811,123754],{"class":247},[39,123813,2983],{"class":243},[39,123815,123816,123818,123820,123822,123824,123826,123828,123830,123832,123834,123836,123838],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123817,113],{"class":112},[39,123819,101],{"class":53},[39,123821,34323],{"class":97},[39,123823,94],{"class":53},[39,123825,8254],{"class":97},[39,123827,8251],{"class":53},[39,123829,98],{"class":97},[39,123831,101],{"class":53},[39,123833,244],{"class":243},[39,123835,173],{"class":247},[39,123837,244],{"class":243},[39,123839,1026],{"class":53},[223,123841,123843],{"id":123842},"forgetting-quotes-around-the-substring","Forgetting quotes around the substring",[20,123845,123846],{},"This causes an error if the variable does not exist:",[30,123848,123850],{"className":32,"code":123849,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(a))\n",[15,123851,123852,123864],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123853,123854,123856,123858,123860,123862],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123855,34302],{"class":45},[39,123857,50],{"class":49},[39,123859,255],{"class":243},[39,123861,386],{"class":247},[39,123863,2983],{"class":243},[39,123865,123866,123868,123870,123872,123874,123876,123878,123880],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123867,113],{"class":112},[39,123869,101],{"class":53},[39,123871,34323],{"class":97},[39,123873,94],{"class":53},[39,123875,98],{"class":97},[39,123877,101],{"class":53},[39,123879,173],{"class":97},[39,123881,1026],{"class":53},[20,123883,123884,123885,94],{},"Python tries to find a variable named ",[15,123886,173],{},[20,123888,10420],{},[30,123890,123892],{"className":32,"code":123891,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\n",[15,123893,123894,123906],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123895,123896,123898,123900,123902,123904],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123897,34302],{"class":45},[39,123899,50],{"class":49},[39,123901,255],{"class":243},[39,123903,386],{"class":247},[39,123905,2983],{"class":243},[39,123907,123908,123910,123912,123914,123916,123918,123920,123922,123924,123926],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123909,113],{"class":112},[39,123911,101],{"class":53},[39,123913,34323],{"class":97},[39,123915,94],{"class":53},[39,123917,98],{"class":97},[39,123919,101],{"class":53},[39,123921,244],{"class":243},[39,123923,173],{"class":247},[39,123925,244],{"class":243},[39,123927,1026],{"class":53},[223,123929,1160,123931,1163,123933,177,123936],{"id":123930},"confusing-count-with-find-or-index",[15,123932,17],{},[15,123934,123935],{},"find()",[15,123937,1302],{},[20,123939,128,123940,123942,123943,94],{},[15,123941,17],{}," when you need the ",[3367,123944,123945],{},"number of matches",[20,123947,128,123948,123942,123953,123955],{},[173,123949,123951],{"href":123950},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method\u002F",[15,123952,123935],{},[3367,123954,64538],{}," of the first match.",[20,123957,128,123958,123963],{},[173,123959,123961],{"href":123960},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method\u002F",[15,123962,1302],{}," when you also need the position, but want an error if the text is not found.",[223,123965,123967],{"id":123966},"assuming-it-counts-overlapping-matches","Assuming it counts overlapping matches",[20,123969,123970,123972],{},[15,123971,17],{}," counts non-overlapping matches only.",[20,123974,515],{},[30,123976,123978],{"className":32,"code":123977,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"aaaa\"\nprint(text.count(\"aa\"))\n",[15,123979,123980,123993],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,123981,123982,123984,123986,123988,123991],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,123983,34302],{"class":45},[39,123985,50],{"class":49},[39,123987,255],{"class":243},[39,123989,123990],{"class":247},"aaaa",[39,123992,2983],{"class":243},[39,123994,123995,123997,123999,124001,124003,124005,124007,124009,124012,124014],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,123996,113],{"class":112},[39,123998,101],{"class":53},[39,124000,34323],{"class":97},[39,124002,94],{"class":53},[39,124004,98],{"class":97},[39,124006,101],{"class":53},[39,124008,244],{"class":243},[39,124010,124011],{"class":247},"aa",[39,124013,244],{"class":243},[39,124015,1026],{"class":53},[20,124017,458],{},[30,124019,124020],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,124021,124022],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124023,124024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124025,16669],{"class":57},[20,124027,124028,124029,94],{},"It does not return ",[15,124030,479],{},[20,124032,124033],{},"Why not?",[20,124035,124036],{},"Because Python counts these matches:",[147,124038,124039,124048],{},[150,124040,124041,124044,124045],{},[15,124042,124043],{},"\"aa\""," at positions ",[15,124046,124047],{},"0-1",[150,124049,124050,124044,124052],{},[15,124051,124043],{},[15,124053,124054],{},"2-3",[20,124056,124057,124058,94],{},"It does not count overlapping matches like positions ",[15,124059,124060],{},"1-2",[134,124062,4584,124063],{"id":57969},[15,124064,17],{},[20,124066,128,124067,124069],{},[15,124068,17],{}," when you need the number of matches in a string.",[20,124071,124072],{},"Choose the right tool for the job:",[147,124074,124075,124084,124094,124104],{},[150,124076,128,124077,124079,124080,124083],{},[15,124078,17],{}," when you need ",[3367,124081,124082],{},"how many times"," something appears",[150,124085,128,124086,124079,124090,124093],{},[173,124087,124088],{"href":123950},[15,124089,123935],{},[3367,124091,124092],{},"where"," it appears",[150,124095,47416,124096,124100,124101],{},[173,124097,124098,101191],{"href":123195},[15,124099,1128],{}," when you only need to know ",[3367,124102,124103],{},"if it exists",[150,124105,128,124106,124112],{},[173,124107,124109],{"href":124108},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-replace-text-in-a-string-in-python\u002F",[15,124110,124111],{},"replace()"," when you want to change matching text",[134,124114,25554],{"id":25553},[20,124116,8487,124117,124119],{},[15,124118,17],{}," is not giving the result you expect, check these things:",[30,124121,124123],{"className":32,"code":124122,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.lower().count(\"a\"))\nprint(text.count(\"na\"))\n",[15,124124,124125,124135,124149,124171,124197],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124126,124127,124129,124131,124133],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124128,113],{"class":112},[39,124130,101],{"class":53},[39,124132,34323],{"class":97},[39,124134,80],{"class":53},[39,124136,124137,124139,124141,124143,124145,124147],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124138,113],{"class":112},[39,124140,101],{"class":53},[39,124142,2845],{"class":2523},[39,124144,101],{"class":53},[39,124146,34323],{"class":97},[39,124148,1026],{"class":53},[39,124150,124151,124153,124155,124157,124159,124161,124163,124165,124167,124169],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,124152,113],{"class":112},[39,124154,101],{"class":53},[39,124156,34323],{"class":97},[39,124158,94],{"class":53},[39,124160,98],{"class":97},[39,124162,101],{"class":53},[39,124164,244],{"class":243},[39,124166,173],{"class":247},[39,124168,244],{"class":243},[39,124170,1026],{"class":53},[39,124172,124173,124175,124177,124179,124181,124183,124185,124187,124189,124191,124193,124195],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,124174,113],{"class":112},[39,124176,101],{"class":53},[39,124178,34323],{"class":97},[39,124180,94],{"class":53},[39,124182,8254],{"class":97},[39,124184,8251],{"class":53},[39,124186,98],{"class":97},[39,124188,101],{"class":53},[39,124190,244],{"class":243},[39,124192,173],{"class":247},[39,124194,244],{"class":243},[39,124196,1026],{"class":53},[39,124198,124199,124201,124203,124205,124207,124209,124211,124213,124215,124217],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,124200,113],{"class":112},[39,124202,101],{"class":53},[39,124204,34323],{"class":97},[39,124206,94],{"class":53},[39,124208,98],{"class":97},[39,124210,101],{"class":53},[39,124212,244],{"class":243},[39,124214,123033],{"class":247},[39,124216,244],{"class":243},[39,124218,1026],{"class":53},[20,124220,124221],{},"These checks can help you find problems such as:",[147,124223,124224,124227,124232,124235],{},[150,124225,124226],{},"the string using different uppercase and lowercase letters",[150,124228,124229,124231],{},[15,124230,34323],{}," not being a string",[150,124233,124234],{},"counting the wrong substring",[150,124236,124237],{},"expecting overlapping matches",[20,124239,58456],{},[147,124241,124242,124245,124248,124251],{},[150,124243,124244],{},"trying to count text with different letter case",[150,124246,124247],{},"passing a variable name that was not defined",[150,124249,124250],{},"expecting overlapping matches to be counted",[150,124252,50098,124253,44236,124255,177,124257,72901],{},[15,124254,17],{},[15,124256,123935],{},[15,124258,1128],{},[134,124260,1454],{"id":1453},[223,124262,124264,124265,124267],{"id":124263},"does-string-count-change-the-original-string","Does string ",[15,124266,17],{}," change the original string?",[20,124269,124270],{},"No. It only returns a number. The original string stays the same.",[223,124272,14514,124274,124276],{"id":124273},"is-count-case-sensitive",[15,124275,17],{}," case-sensitive?",[20,124278,124279],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are counted separately.",[223,124281,1458,124283,124285],{"id":124282},"what-does-count-return-if-nothing-is-found",[15,124284,17],{}," return if nothing is found?",[20,124287,4768,124288,94],{},[15,124289,221],{},[223,124291,1487,124293,124295],{"id":124292},"can-count-count-words-instead-of-letters",[15,124294,17],{}," count words instead of letters?",[20,124297,124298],{},"Yes. It can count any substring, including full words.",[223,124300,1468,124302,124304],{"id":124301},"does-count-count-overlapping-matches",[15,124303,17],{}," count overlapping matches?",[20,124306,124307],{},"No. It counts non-overlapping matches only.",[134,124309,1514],{"id":1513},[147,124311,124312,124319,124326,124333,124340],{},[150,124313,124314],{},[173,124315,124316],{"href":123950},[15,124317,124318],{},"Python string find() method",[150,124320,124321],{},[173,124322,124323],{"href":123960},[15,124324,124325],{},"Python string index() method",[150,124327,124328],{},[173,124329,124330],{"href":123667},[15,124331,124332],{},"Python string lower() method",[150,124334,124335],{},[173,124336,124337],{"href":123195},[15,124338,124339],{},"How to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[150,124341,124342],{},[173,124343,124344],{"href":124108},[15,124345,124346],{},"How to replace text in a string in Python",[1550,124348,124349],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":124351},[124352,124353,124355,124358,124359,124360,124361,124364,124365,124373,124374,124375,124387],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":123061,"depth":83,"text":124354},"What the count() method does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":124356},[124357],{"id":17007,"depth":109,"text":17008},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":123277,"depth":83,"text":123278},{"id":64997,"depth":83,"text":65780,"children":124362},[124363],{"id":123498,"depth":109,"text":123499},{"id":123586,"depth":83,"text":123587},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":124366},[124367,124369,124370,124372],{"id":123732,"depth":109,"text":124368},"Expecting count() to ignore case automatically",{"id":123842,"depth":109,"text":123843},{"id":123930,"depth":109,"text":124371},"Confusing count() with find() or index()",{"id":123966,"depth":109,"text":123967},{"id":57969,"depth":83,"text":58595},{"id":25553,"depth":83,"text":25554},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":124376},[124377,124379,124381,124383,124385],{"id":124263,"depth":109,"text":124378},"Does string count() change the original string?",{"id":124273,"depth":109,"text":124380},"Is count() case-sensitive?",{"id":124282,"depth":109,"text":124382},"What does count() return if nothing is found?",{"id":124292,"depth":109,"text":124384},"Can count() count words instead of letters?",{"id":124301,"depth":109,"text":124386},"Does count() count overlapping matches?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string count method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-count-method",{"title":122934,"description":124388},"reference\u002Fpython-string-count-method","xCR9DWe-YanJ6UFYPr-2k6HicXjYCslaXeN-KYxccGE",{"id":124395,"title":124396,"body":124397,"description":125982,"extension":1587,"meta":125983,"navigation":420,"path":125984,"seo":125985,"stem":125986,"__hash__":125987},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string.md","Python String: Creating a String",{"type":7,"value":124398,"toc":125955},[124399,124402,124405,124502,124511,124513,124532,124536,124539,124542,124555,124558,124587,124592,124597,124655,124657,124690,124696,124700,124703,124706,124735,124738,124765,124768,124771,124775,124778,124785,124848,124850,124868,124871,124875,124878,124881,124923,124926,124970,124973,124976,124980,124985,124988,125031,125033,125056,125059,125092,125095,125144,125154,125158,125161,125164,125193,125196,125207,125209,125268,125271,125275,125278,125281,125296,125305,125308,125342,125345,125372,125375,125382,125384,125387,125389,125392,125406,125415,125417,125444,125448,125451,125465,125468,125527,125531,125534,125561,125564,125591,125599,125602,125662,125664,125697,125701,125704,125723,125728,125777,125782,125784,125787,125846,125864,125866,125870,125878,125882,125885,125889,125895,125899,125909,125913,125916,125918,125952],[10,124400,124396],{"id":124401},"python-string-creating-a-string",[20,124403,124404],{},"Learn the basic ways to create strings in Python. This page focuses only on making string values, not changing or processing them.",[30,124406,124408],{"className":32,"code":124407,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Alice\"\nmessage = 'Hello'\nempty = \"\"\ntext = str(123)\n\nprint(name)\nprint(message)\nprint(empty)\nprint(text)\n",[15,124409,124410,124422,124434,124443,124457,124461,124471,124481,124492],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124411,124412,124414,124416,124418,124420],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124413,7493],{"class":45},[39,124415,50],{"class":49},[39,124417,255],{"class":243},[39,124419,4627],{"class":247},[39,124421,2983],{"class":243},[39,124423,124424,124426,124428,124430,124432],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124425,89597],{"class":45},[39,124427,50],{"class":49},[39,124429,2920],{"class":243},[39,124431,34482],{"class":247},[39,124433,29312],{"class":243},[39,124435,124436,124439,124441],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,124437,124438],{"class":45},"empty ",[39,124440,50],{"class":49},[39,124442,7498],{"class":243},[39,124444,124445,124447,124449,124451,124453,124455],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,124446,34302],{"class":45},[39,124448,50],{"class":49},[39,124450,48510],{"class":2523},[39,124452,101],{"class":53},[39,124454,49852],{"class":57},[39,124456,80],{"class":53},[39,124458,124459],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,124460,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,124462,124463,124465,124467,124469],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,124464,113],{"class":112},[39,124466,101],{"class":53},[39,124468,7285],{"class":97},[39,124470,80],{"class":53},[39,124472,124473,124475,124477,124479],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,124474,113],{"class":112},[39,124476,101],{"class":53},[39,124478,89614],{"class":97},[39,124480,80],{"class":53},[39,124482,124483,124485,124487,124490],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,124484,113],{"class":112},[39,124486,101],{"class":53},[39,124488,124489],{"class":97},"empty",[39,124491,80],{"class":53},[39,124493,124494,124496,124498,124500],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,124495,113],{"class":112},[39,124497,101],{"class":53},[39,124499,34323],{"class":97},[39,124501,80],{"class":53},[20,124503,124504,124507,124508,124510],{},[3367,124505,124506],{},"Note:"," Use single quotes, double quotes, or ",[15,124509,47289],{}," to create a string. Triple quotes are useful for multi-line text.",[134,124512,14774],{"id":14773},[147,124514,124515,124518,124521,124524,124529],{},[150,124516,124517],{},"What a string is in Python",[150,124519,124520],{},"How to create a string with quotes",[150,124522,124523],{},"How to create an empty string",[150,124525,124526,124527],{},"How to convert other values to strings with ",[15,124528,47289],{},[150,124530,124531],{},"When to use single, double, or triple quotes",[134,124533,124535],{"id":124534},"what-a-string-is","What a string is",[20,124537,124538],{},"A string is text data in Python.",[20,124540,124541],{},"Strings can contain:",[147,124543,124544,124547,124549,124552],{},[150,124545,124546],{},"Letters",[150,124548,56063],{},[150,124550,124551],{},"Spaces",[150,124553,124554],{},"Symbols",[20,124556,124557],{},"Examples of strings:",[30,124559,124561],{"className":32,"code":124560,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\"hello\"\n\"123\"\n\"Python is fun\"\n",[15,124562,124563,124571,124579],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124564,124565,124567,124569],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124566,244],{"class":42936},[39,124568,3470],{"class":42940},[39,124570,2983],{"class":42936},[39,124572,124573,124575,124577],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124574,244],{"class":42936},[39,124576,49852],{"class":42940},[39,124578,2983],{"class":42936},[39,124580,124581,124583,124585],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,124582,244],{"class":42936},[39,124584,88739],{"class":42940},[39,124586,2983],{"class":42936},[20,124588,20590,124589,124591],{},[15,124590,49902],{}," looks like a number, it is a string because it is inside quotes.",[20,124593,124594,124595,145],{},"You can check the type with ",[15,124596,1926],{},[30,124598,124600],{"className":32,"code":124599,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = 123\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,124601,124602,124614,124623,124627,124641],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124603,124604,124606,124608,124610,124612],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124605,34302],{"class":45},[39,124607,50],{"class":49},[39,124609,255],{"class":243},[39,124611,49852],{"class":247},[39,124613,2983],{"class":243},[39,124615,124616,124618,124620],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124617,1842],{"class":45},[39,124619,50],{"class":49},[39,124621,124622],{"class":57}," 123\n",[39,124624,124625],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,124626,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,124628,124629,124631,124633,124635,124637,124639],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,124630,113],{"class":112},[39,124632,101],{"class":53},[39,124634,2845],{"class":2523},[39,124636,101],{"class":53},[39,124638,34323],{"class":97},[39,124640,1026],{"class":53},[39,124642,124643,124645,124647,124649,124651,124653],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,124644,113],{"class":112},[39,124646,101],{"class":53},[39,124648,2845],{"class":2523},[39,124650,101],{"class":53},[39,124652,1864],{"class":97},[39,124654,1026],{"class":53},[20,124656,458],{},[30,124658,124660],{"className":32,"code":124659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,124661,124662,124676],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124663,124664,124666,124668,124670,124672,124674],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124665,2914],{"class":49},[39,124667,2917],{"class":1689},[39,124669,2920],{"class":243},[39,124671,3069],{"class":247},[39,124673,629],{"class":243},[39,124675,2927],{"class":49},[39,124677,124678,124680,124682,124684,124686,124688],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124679,2914],{"class":49},[39,124681,2917],{"class":1689},[39,124683,2920],{"class":243},[39,124685,1813],{"class":247},[39,124687,629],{"class":243},[39,124689,2927],{"class":49},[20,124691,124692,124693,94],{},"If you are new to strings, see ",[173,124694,124695],{"href":50581},"Python strings explained: basics and examples",[134,124697,124699],{"id":124698},"create-a-string-with-quotes","Create a string with quotes",[20,124701,124702],{},"The most common way to create a string is to put text inside quotes.",[20,124704,124705],{},"You can use single quotes:",[30,124707,124709],{"className":32,"code":124708,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"greeting = 'hello'\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124710,124711,124724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124712,124713,124716,124718,124720,124722],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124714,124715],{"class":45},"greeting ",[39,124717,50],{"class":49},[39,124719,2920],{"class":243},[39,124721,3470],{"class":247},[39,124723,29312],{"class":243},[39,124725,124726,124728,124730,124733],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124727,113],{"class":112},[39,124729,101],{"class":53},[39,124731,124732],{"class":97},"greeting",[39,124734,80],{"class":53},[20,124736,124737],{},"Or double quotes:",[30,124739,124741],{"className":32,"code":124740,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"greeting = \"hello\"\nprint(greeting)\n",[15,124742,124743,124755],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124744,124745,124747,124749,124751,124753],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124746,124715],{"class":45},[39,124748,50],{"class":49},[39,124750,255],{"class":243},[39,124752,3470],{"class":247},[39,124754,2983],{"class":243},[39,124756,124757,124759,124761,124763],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124758,113],{"class":112},[39,124760,101],{"class":53},[39,124762,124732],{"class":97},[39,124764,80],{"class":53},[20,124766,124767],{},"Both create a string. In most cases, there is no difference.",[20,124769,124770],{},"Choose the style that makes your text easier to write.",[134,124772,124774],{"id":124773},"create-an-empty-string","Create an empty string",[20,124776,124777],{},"An empty string is a string with no characters in it.",[20,124779,124780,124781,177,124783,145],{},"Use either ",[15,124782,5887],{},[15,124784,3398],{},[30,124786,124788],{"className":32,"code":124787,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty1 = \"\"\nempty2 = ''\n\nprint(empty1)\nprint(empty2)\nprint(type(empty1))\n",[15,124789,124790,124799,124808,124812,124823,124834],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124791,124792,124795,124797],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124793,124794],{"class":45},"empty1 ",[39,124796,50],{"class":49},[39,124798,7498],{"class":243},[39,124800,124801,124804,124806],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124802,124803],{"class":45},"empty2 ",[39,124805,50],{"class":49},[39,124807,47101],{"class":243},[39,124809,124810],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,124811,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,124813,124814,124816,124818,124821],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,124815,113],{"class":112},[39,124817,101],{"class":53},[39,124819,124820],{"class":97},"empty1",[39,124822,80],{"class":53},[39,124824,124825,124827,124829,124832],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,124826,113],{"class":112},[39,124828,101],{"class":53},[39,124830,124831],{"class":97},"empty2",[39,124833,80],{"class":53},[39,124835,124836,124838,124840,124842,124844,124846],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,124837,113],{"class":112},[39,124839,101],{"class":53},[39,124841,2845],{"class":2523},[39,124843,101],{"class":53},[39,124845,124820],{"class":97},[39,124847,1026],{"class":53},[20,124849,458],{},[30,124851,124852],{"className":32,"code":45377,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,124853,124854],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124855,124856,124858,124860,124862,124864,124866],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124857,2914],{"class":49},[39,124859,2917],{"class":1689},[39,124861,2920],{"class":243},[39,124863,3069],{"class":247},[39,124865,629],{"class":243},[39,124867,2927],{"class":49},[20,124869,124870],{},"An empty string is often used as a starting value before adding text later.",[134,124872,124874],{"id":124873},"create-a-multi-line-string","Create a multi-line string",[20,124876,124877],{},"Use triple quotes when you want text to span more than one line.",[20,124879,124880],{},"You can use triple double quotes:",[30,124882,124884],{"className":32,"code":124883,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"\"\"Hello\nWelcome to Python\nHave a nice day\"\"\"\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124885,124886,124897,124902,124909,124913],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124887,124888,124890,124892,124895],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124889,89597],{"class":45},[39,124891,50],{"class":49},[39,124893,124894],{"class":243}," \"\"\"",[39,124896,88539],{"class":247},[39,124898,124899],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124900,124901],{"class":247},"Welcome to Python\n",[39,124903,124904,124907],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,124905,124906],{"class":247},"Have a nice day",[39,124908,42944],{"class":243},[39,124910,124911],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,124912,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,124914,124915,124917,124919,124921],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,124916,113],{"class":112},[39,124918,101],{"class":53},[39,124920,89614],{"class":97},[39,124922,80],{"class":53},[20,124924,124925],{},"Or triple single quotes:",[30,124927,124929],{"className":32,"code":124928,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = '''Line 1\nLine 2\nLine 3'''\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,124930,124931,124943,124948,124956,124960],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124932,124933,124935,124937,124940],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124934,89597],{"class":45},[39,124936,50],{"class":49},[39,124938,124939],{"class":243}," '''",[39,124941,124942],{"class":247},"Line 1\n",[39,124944,124945],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,124946,124947],{"class":247},"Line 2\n",[39,124949,124950,124953],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,124951,124952],{"class":247},"Line 3",[39,124954,124955],{"class":243},"'''\n",[39,124957,124958],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,124959,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,124961,124962,124964,124966,124968],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,124963,113],{"class":112},[39,124965,101],{"class":53},[39,124967,89614],{"class":97},[39,124969,80],{"class":53},[20,124971,124972],{},"Python keeps the line breaks inside the string.",[20,124974,124975],{},"Use triple quotes when you really need multiple lines. For normal one-line text, single or double quotes are usually clearer.",[134,124977,124979],{"id":124978},"convert-values-to-strings-with-str","Convert values to strings with str()",[20,124981,1604,124982,124984],{},[15,124983,47289],{}," function converts other values into strings.",[20,124986,124987],{},"Example with a number:",[30,124989,124991],{"className":32,"code":124990,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = str(42)\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,124992,124993,125007,125017],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,124994,124995,124997,124999,125001,125003,125005],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,124996,34302],{"class":45},[39,124998,50],{"class":49},[39,125000,48510],{"class":2523},[39,125002,101],{"class":53},[39,125004,46132],{"class":57},[39,125006,80],{"class":53},[39,125008,125009,125011,125013,125015],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125010,113],{"class":112},[39,125012,101],{"class":53},[39,125014,34323],{"class":97},[39,125016,80],{"class":53},[39,125018,125019,125021,125023,125025,125027,125029],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,125020,113],{"class":112},[39,125022,101],{"class":53},[39,125024,2845],{"class":2523},[39,125026,101],{"class":53},[39,125028,34323],{"class":97},[39,125030,1026],{"class":53},[20,125032,458],{},[30,125034,125036],{"className":32,"code":125035,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"42\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125037,125038,125042],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125039,125040],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125041,46218],{"class":57},[39,125043,125044,125046,125048,125050,125052,125054],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125045,2914],{"class":49},[39,125047,2917],{"class":1689},[39,125049,2920],{"class":243},[39,125051,3069],{"class":247},[39,125053,629],{"class":243},[39,125055,2927],{"class":49},[20,125057,125058],{},"You can also convert other values:",[30,125060,125062],{"className":32,"code":125061,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(str(True))\nprint(str(3.14))\n",[15,125063,125064,125078],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125065,125066,125068,125070,125072,125074,125076],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125067,113],{"class":112},[39,125069,101],{"class":53},[39,125071,3069],{"class":2523},[39,125073,101],{"class":53},[39,125075,939],{"class":3477},[39,125077,1026],{"class":53},[39,125079,125080,125082,125084,125086,125088,125090],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125081,113],{"class":112},[39,125083,101],{"class":53},[39,125085,3069],{"class":2523},[39,125087,101],{"class":53},[39,125089,39754],{"class":57},[39,125091,1026],{"class":53},[20,125093,125094],{},"This is useful when you need to combine text with other data.",[30,125096,125098],{"className":32,"code":125097,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 25\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125099,125100,125108,125130,125134],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125101,125102,125104,125106],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125103,21240],{"class":45},[39,125105,50],{"class":49},[39,125107,44832],{"class":57},[39,125109,125110,125112,125114,125116,125118,125120,125122,125124,125126,125128],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125111,89597],{"class":45},[39,125113,50],{"class":49},[39,125115,255],{"class":243},[39,125117,89015],{"class":247},[39,125119,244],{"class":243},[39,125121,2077],{"class":49},[39,125123,48510],{"class":2523},[39,125125,101],{"class":53},[39,125127,8911],{"class":97},[39,125129,80],{"class":53},[39,125131,125132],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,125133,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,125135,125136,125138,125140,125142],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,125137,113],{"class":112},[39,125139,101],{"class":53},[39,125141,89614],{"class":97},[39,125143,80],{"class":53},[20,125145,125146,125147,177,125151,94],{},"If you want to learn this function in more detail, see ",[173,125148,3202,125149,3135],{"href":41783},[15,125150,47289],{},[173,125152,125153],{"href":122865},"how to convert int to string in Python",[134,125155,125157],{"id":125156},"single-quotes-vs-double-quotes","Single quotes vs double quotes",[20,125159,125160],{},"There is no major difference between single quotes and double quotes for normal strings.",[20,125162,125163],{},"Both of these are valid:",[30,125165,125167],{"className":32,"code":125166,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = 'Python'\nb = \"Python\"\n",[15,125168,125169,125181],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125170,125171,125173,125175,125177,125179],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125172,2176],{"class":45},[39,125174,50],{"class":49},[39,125176,2920],{"class":243},[39,125178,6913],{"class":247},[39,125180,29312],{"class":243},[39,125182,125183,125185,125187,125189,125191],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125184,2204],{"class":45},[39,125186,50],{"class":49},[39,125188,255],{"class":243},[39,125190,6913],{"class":247},[39,125192,2983],{"class":243},[20,125194,125195],{},"A common rule is:",[147,125197,125198,125201,125204],{},[150,125199,125200],{},"Use double quotes if the text contains a single quote",[150,125202,125203],{},"Use single quotes if the text contains double quotes",[150,125205,125206],{},"Pick one style and stay consistent",[20,125208,515],{},[30,125210,125212],{"className":32,"code":125211,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text1 = \"It's working\"\ntext2 = 'She said \"hello\"'\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125213,125214,125228,125242,125246,125257],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125215,125216,125219,125221,125223,125226],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125217,125218],{"class":45},"text1 ",[39,125220,50],{"class":49},[39,125222,255],{"class":243},[39,125224,125225],{"class":247},"It's working",[39,125227,2983],{"class":243},[39,125229,125230,125233,125235,125237,125240],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125231,125232],{"class":45},"text2 ",[39,125234,50],{"class":49},[39,125236,2920],{"class":243},[39,125238,125239],{"class":247},"She said \"hello\"",[39,125241,29312],{"class":243},[39,125243,125244],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,125245,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,125247,125248,125250,125252,125255],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,125249,113],{"class":112},[39,125251,101],{"class":53},[39,125253,125254],{"class":97},"text1",[39,125256,80],{"class":53},[39,125258,125259,125261,125263,125266],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,125260,113],{"class":112},[39,125262,101],{"class":53},[39,125264,125265],{"class":97},"text2",[39,125267,80],{"class":53},[20,125269,125270],{},"This helps you avoid unnecessary escaping.",[134,125272,125274],{"id":125273},"escaping-quote-characters","Escaping quote characters",[20,125276,125277],{},"A quote character can end a string too early if it matches the quote used to start the string.",[20,125279,125280],{},"For example, this causes a problem:",[30,125282,125284],{"className":32,"code":125283,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's working'\n",[15,125285,125286,125291],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125287,125288],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125289,125290],{"class":124},"# This will cause an error\n",[39,125292,125293],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125294,125295],{"class":124},"# text = 'It's working'\n",[20,125297,125298,125299,34945,125301,125304],{},"Python sees the second ",[15,125300,629],{},[15,125302,125303],{},"It's"," as the end of the string.",[20,125306,125307],{},"To fix this, use a backslash:",[30,125309,125311],{"className":32,"code":125310,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = 'It\\'s working'\nprint(text)\n",[15,125312,125313,125332],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125314,125315,125317,125319,125321,125324,125327,125330],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125316,34302],{"class":45},[39,125318,50],{"class":49},[39,125320,2920],{"class":243},[39,125322,125323],{"class":247},"It",[39,125325,125326],{"class":34067},"\\'",[39,125328,125329],{"class":247},"s working",[39,125331,29312],{"class":243},[39,125333,125334,125336,125338,125340],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125335,113],{"class":112},[39,125337,101],{"class":53},[39,125339,34323],{"class":97},[39,125341,80],{"class":53},[20,125343,125344],{},"You can also switch quote styles:",[30,125346,125348],{"className":32,"code":125347,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"It's working\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125349,125350,125362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125351,125352,125354,125356,125358,125360],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125353,34302],{"class":45},[39,125355,50],{"class":49},[39,125357,255],{"class":243},[39,125359,125225],{"class":247},[39,125361,2983],{"class":243},[39,125363,125364,125366,125368,125370],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125365,113],{"class":112},[39,125367,101],{"class":53},[39,125369,34323],{"class":97},[39,125371,80],{"class":53},[20,125373,125374],{},"In many cases, switching quote styles is simpler than escaping.",[20,125376,125377,125378,94],{},"If you get a quote-related error, see ",[173,125379,125381],{"href":125380},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fsyntaxerror-eol-while-scanning-string-literal-fix\u002F","SyntaxError: EOL while scanning string literal",[134,125383,944],{"id":943},[20,125385,125386],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating strings.",[223,125388,89804],{"id":89803},[20,125390,125391],{},"If you write text without quotes, Python treats it like a variable name.",[30,125393,125395],{"className":32,"code":125394,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# This will cause an error\n# name = Alice\n",[15,125396,125397,125401],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125398,125399],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125400,125290],{"class":124},[39,125402,125403],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125404,125405],{"class":124},"# name = Alice\n",[20,125407,125408,125409,8215,125412,125414],{},"Python may raise a ",[15,125410,125411],{},"NameError",[15,125413,4627],{}," is not defined.",[20,125416,10420],{},[30,125418,125420],{"className":32,"code":125419,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(name)\n",[15,125421,125422,125434],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125423,125424,125426,125428,125430,125432],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125425,7493],{"class":45},[39,125427,50],{"class":49},[39,125429,255],{"class":243},[39,125431,4627],{"class":247},[39,125433,2983],{"class":243},[39,125435,125436,125438,125440,125442],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125437,113],{"class":112},[39,125439,101],{"class":53},[39,125441,7285],{"class":97},[39,125443,80],{"class":53},[223,125445,125447],{"id":125446},"mixing-quote-characters-incorrectly","Mixing quote characters incorrectly",[20,125449,125450],{},"This can break the string early and cause a syntax error.",[30,125452,125454],{"className":32,"code":125453,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# This will cause an error\n# text = 'It's good'\n",[15,125455,125456,125460],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125457,125458],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125459,125290],{"class":124},[39,125461,125462],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125463,125464],{"class":124},"# text = 'It's good'\n",[20,125466,125467],{},"Fix it by escaping the quote or changing quote styles:",[30,125469,125471],{"className":32,"code":125470,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text1 = 'It\\'s good'\ntext2 = \"It's good\"\n\nprint(text1)\nprint(text2)\n",[15,125472,125473,125490,125503,125507,125517],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125474,125475,125477,125479,125481,125483,125485,125488],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125476,125218],{"class":45},[39,125478,50],{"class":49},[39,125480,2920],{"class":243},[39,125482,125323],{"class":247},[39,125484,125326],{"class":34067},[39,125486,125487],{"class":247},"s good",[39,125489,29312],{"class":243},[39,125491,125492,125494,125496,125498,125501],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125493,125232],{"class":45},[39,125495,50],{"class":49},[39,125497,255],{"class":243},[39,125499,125500],{"class":247},"It's good",[39,125502,2983],{"class":243},[39,125504,125505],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,125506,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,125508,125509,125511,125513,125515],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,125510,113],{"class":112},[39,125512,101],{"class":53},[39,125514,125254],{"class":97},[39,125516,80],{"class":53},[39,125518,125519,125521,125523,125525],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,125520,113],{"class":112},[39,125522,101],{"class":53},[39,125524,125265],{"class":97},[39,125526,80],{"class":53},[223,125528,125530],{"id":125529},"using-triple-quotes-when-a-single-line-string-is-enough","Using triple quotes when a single-line string is enough",[20,125532,125533],{},"Triple quotes work, but they are usually best for multi-line text.",[30,125535,125537],{"className":32,"code":125536,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"\"\"hello\"\"\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125538,125539,125551],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125540,125541,125543,125545,125547,125549],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125542,34302],{"class":45},[39,125544,50],{"class":49},[39,125546,124894],{"class":243},[39,125548,3470],{"class":247},[39,125550,42944],{"class":243},[39,125552,125553,125555,125557,125559],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125554,113],{"class":112},[39,125556,101],{"class":53},[39,125558,34323],{"class":97},[39,125560,80],{"class":53},[20,125562,125563],{},"This is valid, but for one line, this is simpler:",[30,125565,125567],{"className":32,"code":125566,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text)\n",[15,125568,125569,125581],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125570,125571,125573,125575,125577,125579],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125572,34302],{"class":45},[39,125574,50],{"class":49},[39,125576,255],{"class":243},[39,125578,3470],{"class":247},[39,125580,2983],{"class":243},[39,125582,125583,125585,125587,125589],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125584,113],{"class":112},[39,125586,101],{"class":53},[39,125588,34323],{"class":97},[39,125590,80],{"class":53},[223,125592,4202,125594,796,125596,125598],{"id":125593},"assuming-123-and-123-are-the-same-type",[15,125595,49852],{},[15,125597,49902],{}," are the same type",[20,125600,125601],{},"They are different:",[30,125603,125605],{"className":32,"code":125604,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value1 = 123\nvalue2 = \"123\"\n\nprint(type(value1))\nprint(type(value2))\n",[15,125606,125607,125616,125629,125633,125647],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125608,125609,125612,125614],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125610,125611],{"class":45},"value1 ",[39,125613,50],{"class":49},[39,125615,124622],{"class":57},[39,125617,125618,125621,125623,125625,125627],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125619,125620],{"class":45},"value2 ",[39,125622,50],{"class":49},[39,125624,255],{"class":243},[39,125626,49852],{"class":247},[39,125628,2983],{"class":243},[39,125630,125631],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,125632,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,125634,125635,125637,125639,125641,125643,125645],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,125636,113],{"class":112},[39,125638,101],{"class":53},[39,125640,2845],{"class":2523},[39,125642,101],{"class":53},[39,125644,84360],{"class":97},[39,125646,1026],{"class":53},[39,125648,125649,125651,125653,125655,125657,125660],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,125650,113],{"class":112},[39,125652,101],{"class":53},[39,125654,2845],{"class":2523},[39,125656,101],{"class":53},[39,125658,125659],{"class":97},"value2",[39,125661,1026],{"class":53},[20,125663,458],{},[30,125665,125667],{"className":32,"code":125666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,125668,125669,125683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125670,125671,125673,125675,125677,125679,125681],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125672,2914],{"class":49},[39,125674,2917],{"class":1689},[39,125676,2920],{"class":243},[39,125678,1813],{"class":247},[39,125680,629],{"class":243},[39,125682,2927],{"class":49},[39,125684,125685,125687,125689,125691,125693,125695],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125686,2914],{"class":49},[39,125688,2917],{"class":1689},[39,125690,2920],{"class":243},[39,125692,3069],{"class":247},[39,125694,629],{"class":243},[39,125696,2927],{"class":49},[223,125698,125700],{"id":125699},"trying-to-join-text-and-numbers-without-converting-first","Trying to join text and numbers without converting first",[20,125702,125703],{},"This causes a type error:",[30,125705,125707],{"className":32,"code":125706,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# This will cause an error\n# age = 10\n# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[15,125708,125709,125713,125718],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125710,125711],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125712,125290],{"class":124},[39,125714,125715],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125716,125717],{"class":124},"# age = 10\n",[39,125719,125720],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,125721,125722],{"class":124},"# message = \"Age: \" + age\n",[20,125724,125725,125726,145],{},"Fix it with ",[15,125727,47289],{},[30,125729,125731],{"className":32,"code":125730,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"age = 10\nmessage = \"Age: \" + str(age)\n\nprint(message)\n",[15,125732,125733,125741,125763,125767],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125734,125735,125737,125739],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125736,21240],{"class":45},[39,125738,50],{"class":49},[39,125740,2209],{"class":57},[39,125742,125743,125745,125747,125749,125751,125753,125755,125757,125759,125761],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125744,89597],{"class":45},[39,125746,50],{"class":49},[39,125748,255],{"class":243},[39,125750,89015],{"class":247},[39,125752,244],{"class":243},[39,125754,2077],{"class":49},[39,125756,48510],{"class":2523},[39,125758,101],{"class":53},[39,125760,8911],{"class":97},[39,125762,80],{"class":53},[39,125764,125765],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,125766,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,125768,125769,125771,125773,125775],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,125770,113],{"class":112},[39,125772,101],{"class":53},[39,125774,89614],{"class":97},[39,125776,80],{"class":53},[20,125778,125779,125780,94],{},"For this specific error, see ",[173,125781,89996],{"href":89995},[223,125783,60301],{"id":60300},[20,125785,125786],{},"If you are not sure what value you created, these commands help:",[30,125788,125790],{"className":32,"code":125789,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(repr(text))\n",[15,125791,125792,125804,125808,125818,125832],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,125793,125794,125796,125798,125800,125802],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,125795,34302],{"class":45},[39,125797,50],{"class":49},[39,125799,255],{"class":243},[39,125801,3470],{"class":247},[39,125803,2983],{"class":243},[39,125805,125806],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,125807,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,125809,125810,125812,125814,125816],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,125811,113],{"class":112},[39,125813,101],{"class":53},[39,125815,34323],{"class":97},[39,125817,80],{"class":53},[39,125819,125820,125822,125824,125826,125828,125830],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,125821,113],{"class":112},[39,125823,101],{"class":53},[39,125825,2845],{"class":2523},[39,125827,101],{"class":53},[39,125829,34323],{"class":97},[39,125831,1026],{"class":53},[39,125833,125834,125836,125838,125840,125842,125844],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,125835,113],{"class":112},[39,125837,101],{"class":53},[39,125839,41388],{"class":112},[39,125841,101],{"class":53},[39,125843,34323],{"class":97},[39,125845,1026],{"class":53},[147,125847,125848,125853,125858],{},[150,125849,125850,45884],{},[15,125851,125852],{},"print(text)",[150,125854,125855,45889],{},[15,125856,125857],{},"print(type(text))",[150,125859,125860,125863],{},[15,125861,125862],{},"print(repr(text))"," shows the exact string representation, which is helpful for spaces and escape characters",[134,125865,1454],{"id":1453},[223,125867,125869],{"id":125868},"how-do-i-create-a-string-in-python","How do I create a string in Python?",[20,125871,125872,125873,177,125876,94],{},"Put text inside single quotes or double quotes, like ",[15,125874,125875],{},"'hello'",[15,125877,64126],{},[223,125879,125881],{"id":125880},"what-is-the-difference-between-single-and-double-quotes-in-python","What is the difference between single and double quotes in Python?",[20,125883,125884],{},"Usually none. They both create strings. Choose the one that avoids extra escaping.",[223,125886,125888],{"id":125887},"how-do-i-create-an-empty-string","How do I create an empty string?",[20,125890,128,125891,177,125893,94],{},[15,125892,5887],{},[15,125894,3398],{},[223,125896,125898],{"id":125897},"how-do-i-turn-a-number-into-a-string","How do I turn a number into a string?",[20,125900,128,125901,125903,125904,125906,125907,94],{},[15,125902,47289],{},", like ",[15,125905,79970],{},", which returns ",[15,125908,41735],{},[223,125910,125912],{"id":125911},"how-do-i-write-a-string-on-multiple-lines","How do I write a string on multiple lines?",[20,125914,125915],{},"Use triple quotes so Python keeps the line breaks.",[134,125917,1514],{"id":1513},[147,125919,125920,125924,125930,125935,125944,125948],{},[150,125921,125922],{},[173,125923,124695],{"href":50581},[150,125925,125926],{},[173,125927,3202,125928,3135],{"href":41783},[15,125929,47289],{},[150,125931,125932],{},[173,125933,125934],{"href":122865},"How to convert int to string in Python",[150,125936,125937],{},[173,125938,125940,125941,1533],{"href":125939},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method\u002F","Python string ",[15,125942,125943],{},"format()",[150,125945,125946],{},[173,125947,125381],{"href":125380},[150,125949,125950],{},[173,125951,89996],{"href":89995},[1550,125953,125954],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":125956},[125957,125958,125959,125960,125961,125962,125963,125964,125965,125974,125981],{"id":14773,"depth":83,"text":14774},{"id":124534,"depth":83,"text":124535},{"id":124698,"depth":83,"text":124699},{"id":124773,"depth":83,"text":124774},{"id":124873,"depth":83,"text":124874},{"id":124978,"depth":83,"text":124979},{"id":125156,"depth":83,"text":125157},{"id":125273,"depth":83,"text":125274},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":125966},[125967,125968,125969,125970,125972,125973],{"id":89803,"depth":109,"text":89804},{"id":125446,"depth":109,"text":125447},{"id":125529,"depth":109,"text":125530},{"id":125593,"depth":109,"text":125971},"Assuming 123 and \"123\" are the same type",{"id":125699,"depth":109,"text":125700},{"id":60300,"depth":109,"text":60301},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":125975},[125976,125977,125978,125979,125980],{"id":125868,"depth":109,"text":125869},{"id":125880,"depth":109,"text":125881},{"id":125887,"depth":109,"text":125888},{"id":125897,"depth":109,"text":125898},{"id":125911,"depth":109,"text":125912},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string creating a string in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string",{"title":124396,"description":125982},"reference\u002Fpython-string-creating-a-string","4BQU6hnmGKtWtbnNEuQ2DsM1B7YLS8pxu2cdWLKXLUE",{"id":125989,"title":125990,"body":125991,"description":127905,"extension":1587,"meta":127906,"navigation":420,"path":127907,"seo":127908,"stem":127909,"__hash__":127910},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method.md","Python String endswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":125992,"toc":127866},[125993,125999,126004,126012,126014,126081,126083,126095,126104,126109,126113,126130,126132,126197,126199,126211,126216,126218,126246,126267,126270,126309,126311,126319,126323,126327,126331,126339,126342,126383,126385,126393,126396,126453,126455,126463,126467,126472,126516,126518,126526,126535,126539,126544,126592,126594,126602,126608,126610,126614,126626,126631,126710,126712,126732,126736,126740,126780,126782,126790,126794,126837,126839,126847,126851,126891,126893,126901,126905,126961,126963,126971,126977,126979,126983,126993,127060,127062,127075,127082,127125,127127,127135,127139,127142,127198,127200,127208,127211,127213,127290,127292,127300,127309,127311,127315,127319,127321,127343,127346,127393,127397,127436,127438,127446,127448,127490,127497,127502,127564,127566,127578,127584,127589,127638,127640,127659,127665,127667,127686,127688,127779,127781,127787,127794,127800,127806,127811,127820,127827,127835,127837,127863],[10,125994,122940,125996,18],{"id":125995},"python-string-endswith-method",[15,125997,125998],{},"endswith()",[20,126000,122945,126001,126003],{},[15,126002,125998],{}," method checks whether a string ends with specific text.",[20,126005,126006,126007,177,126009,126011],{},"It is useful when you want a simple ",[15,126008,939],{},[15,126010,1038],{}," answer. Beginners often use it for file extensions, URL endings, and checking user input.",[134,126013,1629],{"id":1628},[30,126015,126017],{"className":32,"code":126016,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126018,126019,126033,126058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126020,126021,126024,126026,126028,126031],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126022,126023],{"class":45},"filename ",[39,126025,50],{"class":49},[39,126027,255],{"class":243},[39,126029,126030],{"class":247},"report.csv",[39,126032,2983],{"class":243},[39,126034,126035,126037,126039,126042,126044,126047,126049,126051,126054,126056],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126036,113],{"class":112},[39,126038,101],{"class":53},[39,126040,126041],{"class":97},"filename",[39,126043,94],{"class":53},[39,126045,126046],{"class":97},"endswith",[39,126048,101],{"class":53},[39,126050,244],{"class":243},[39,126052,126053],{"class":247},".csv",[39,126055,244],{"class":243},[39,126057,1026],{"class":53},[39,126059,126060,126062,126064,126066,126068,126070,126072,126074,126077,126079],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,126061,113],{"class":112},[39,126063,101],{"class":53},[39,126065,126041],{"class":97},[39,126067,94],{"class":53},[39,126069,126046],{"class":97},[39,126071,101],{"class":53},[39,126073,244],{"class":243},[39,126075,126076],{"class":247},".txt",[39,126078,244],{"class":243},[39,126080,1026],{"class":53},[20,126082,458],{},[30,126084,126085],{"className":32,"code":43780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126086,126087,126091],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126088,126089],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126090,3605],{"class":3477},[39,126092,126093],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126094,3666],{"class":3477},[20,126096,128,126097,4985,126099,177,126101,126103],{},[15,126098,125998],{},[15,126100,939],{},[15,126102,1038],{}," based on the ending of a string.",[134,126105,137,126107,140],{"id":126106},"what-endswith-does",[15,126108,125998],{},[20,126110,126111,145],{},[15,126112,125998],{},[147,126114,126115,126118,126124,126127],{},[150,126116,126117],{},"Checks whether a string ends with a given suffix",[150,126119,494,126120,177,126122],{},[15,126121,939],{},[15,126123,1038],{},[150,126125,126126],{},"Does not change the original string",[150,126128,126129],{},"Works well with normal text such as file names, URLs, and sentence endings",[20,126131,515],{},[30,126133,126135],{"className":32,"code":126134,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\"world\"))\nprint(text.endswith(\"hello\"))\n",[15,126136,126137,126149,126153,126175],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126138,126139,126141,126143,126145,126147],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126140,34302],{"class":45},[39,126142,50],{"class":49},[39,126144,255],{"class":243},[39,126146,59997],{"class":247},[39,126148,2983],{"class":243},[39,126150,126151],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126152,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,126154,126155,126157,126159,126161,126163,126165,126167,126169,126171,126173],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,126156,113],{"class":112},[39,126158,101],{"class":53},[39,126160,34323],{"class":97},[39,126162,94],{"class":53},[39,126164,126046],{"class":97},[39,126166,101],{"class":53},[39,126168,244],{"class":243},[39,126170,60182],{"class":247},[39,126172,244],{"class":243},[39,126174,1026],{"class":53},[39,126176,126177,126179,126181,126183,126185,126187,126189,126191,126193,126195],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,126178,113],{"class":112},[39,126180,101],{"class":53},[39,126182,34323],{"class":97},[39,126184,94],{"class":53},[39,126186,126046],{"class":97},[39,126188,101],{"class":53},[39,126190,244],{"class":243},[39,126192,3470],{"class":247},[39,126194,244],{"class":243},[39,126196,1026],{"class":53},[20,126198,458],{},[30,126200,126201],{"className":32,"code":43780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126202,126203,126207],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126204,126205],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126206,3605],{"class":3477},[39,126208,126209],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126210,3666],{"class":3477},[20,126212,126213,126214,94],{},"If you are learning string basics, see ",[173,126215,124695],{"href":50581},[134,126217,1781],{"id":1780},[30,126219,126221],{"className":32,"code":126220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.endswith(suffix, start, end)\n",[15,126222,126223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126224,126225,126227,126229,126231,126233,126236,126238,126240,126242,126244],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126226,60765],{"class":45},[39,126228,94],{"class":53},[39,126230,126046],{"class":97},[39,126232,101],{"class":53},[39,126234,126235],{"class":97},"suffix",[39,126237,61],{"class":53},[39,126239,35666],{"class":97},[39,126241,61],{"class":53},[39,126243,64632],{"class":97},[39,126245,80],{"class":53},[147,126247,126248,126253,126260],{},[150,126249,126250,126252],{},[15,126251,126235],{}," is required",[150,126254,126255,796,126257,126259],{},[15,126256,35687],{},[15,126258,52263],{}," are optional",[150,126261,126262,796,126264,126266],{},[15,126263,35687],{},[15,126265,52263],{}," limit which part of the string is checked",[20,126268,126269],{},"Basic example:",[30,126271,126273],{"className":32,"code":126272,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"notes.txt\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".txt\"))\n",[15,126274,126275,126287],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126276,126277,126279,126281,126283,126285],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126278,126023],{"class":45},[39,126280,50],{"class":49},[39,126282,255],{"class":243},[39,126284,86485],{"class":247},[39,126286,2983],{"class":243},[39,126288,126289,126291,126293,126295,126297,126299,126301,126303,126305,126307],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126290,113],{"class":112},[39,126292,101],{"class":53},[39,126294,126041],{"class":97},[39,126296,94],{"class":53},[39,126298,126046],{"class":97},[39,126300,101],{"class":53},[39,126302,244],{"class":243},[39,126304,126076],{"class":247},[39,126306,244],{"class":243},[39,126308,1026],{"class":53},[20,126310,458],{},[30,126312,126313],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126314,126315],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126316,126317],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126318,3605],{"class":3477},[134,126320,126322],{"id":126321},"arguments-explained","Arguments explained",[223,126324,126325],{"id":126235},[15,126326,126235],{},[20,126328,126329,30363],{},[15,126330,126235],{},[147,126332,126333,126336],{},[150,126334,126335],{},"A single string",[150,126337,126338],{},"A tuple of strings",[20,126340,126341],{},"Single suffix:",[30,126343,126345],{"className":32,"code":126344,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith(\".png\"))\n",[15,126346,126347,126360],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126348,126349,126351,126353,126355,126358],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126350,7493],{"class":45},[39,126352,50],{"class":49},[39,126354,255],{"class":243},[39,126356,126357],{"class":247},"image.png",[39,126359,2983],{"class":243},[39,126361,126362,126364,126366,126368,126370,126372,126374,126376,126379,126381],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126363,113],{"class":112},[39,126365,101],{"class":53},[39,126367,7285],{"class":97},[39,126369,94],{"class":53},[39,126371,126046],{"class":97},[39,126373,101],{"class":53},[39,126375,244],{"class":243},[39,126377,126378],{"class":247},".png",[39,126380,244],{"class":243},[39,126382,1026],{"class":53},[20,126384,458],{},[30,126386,126387],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126388,126389],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126390,126391],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126392,3605],{"class":3477},[20,126394,126395],{},"Tuple of suffixes:",[30,126397,126399],{"className":32,"code":126398,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"image.png\"\nprint(name.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126400,126401,126413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126402,126403,126405,126407,126409,126411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126404,7493],{"class":45},[39,126406,50],{"class":49},[39,126408,255],{"class":243},[39,126410,126357],{"class":247},[39,126412,2983],{"class":243},[39,126414,126415,126417,126419,126421,126423,126425,126427,126429,126432,126434,126436,126438,126440,126442,126444,126446,126449,126451],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126416,113],{"class":112},[39,126418,101],{"class":53},[39,126420,7285],{"class":97},[39,126422,94],{"class":53},[39,126424,126046],{"class":97},[39,126426,5126],{"class":53},[39,126428,244],{"class":243},[39,126430,126431],{"class":247},".jpg",[39,126433,244],{"class":243},[39,126435,61],{"class":53},[39,126437,255],{"class":243},[39,126439,126378],{"class":247},[39,126441,244],{"class":243},[39,126443,61],{"class":53},[39,126445,255],{"class":243},[39,126447,126448],{"class":247},".gif",[39,126450,244],{"class":243},[39,126452,2534],{"class":53},[20,126454,458],{},[30,126456,126457],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126458,126459],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126460,126461],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126462,3605],{"class":3477},[223,126464,126465],{"id":35687},[15,126466,35687],{},[20,126468,126469,126471],{},[15,126470,35687],{}," tells Python where to begin checking in the string.",[30,126473,126475],{"className":32,"code":126474,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"my_report.csv\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 3))\n",[15,126476,126477,126490],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126478,126479,126481,126483,126485,126488],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126480,34302],{"class":45},[39,126482,50],{"class":49},[39,126484,255],{"class":243},[39,126486,126487],{"class":247},"my_report.csv",[39,126489,2983],{"class":243},[39,126491,126492,126494,126496,126498,126500,126502,126504,126506,126508,126510,126512,126514],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126493,113],{"class":112},[39,126495,101],{"class":53},[39,126497,34323],{"class":97},[39,126499,94],{"class":53},[39,126501,126046],{"class":97},[39,126503,101],{"class":53},[39,126505,244],{"class":243},[39,126507,126053],{"class":247},[39,126509,244],{"class":243},[39,126511,61],{"class":53},[39,126513,73],{"class":57},[39,126515,1026],{"class":53},[20,126517,458],{},[30,126519,126520],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126521,126522],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126523,126524],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126525,3605],{"class":3477},[20,126527,126528,126529,126531,126532,94],{},"Python checks the part from index ",[15,126530,479],{}," onward, which is ",[15,126533,126534],{},"\"report.csv\"",[223,126536,126537],{"id":52263},[15,126538,52263],{},[20,126540,126541,126543],{},[15,126542,52263],{}," tells Python where to stop checking before the end of the full string.",[30,126545,126547],{"className":32,"code":126546,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"report.csv backup\"\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\", 0, 10))\n",[15,126548,126549,126562],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126550,126551,126553,126555,126557,126560],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126552,34302],{"class":45},[39,126554,50],{"class":49},[39,126556,255],{"class":243},[39,126558,126559],{"class":247},"report.csv backup",[39,126561,2983],{"class":243},[39,126563,126564,126566,126568,126570,126572,126574,126576,126578,126580,126582,126584,126586,126588,126590],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126565,113],{"class":112},[39,126567,101],{"class":53},[39,126569,34323],{"class":97},[39,126571,94],{"class":53},[39,126573,126046],{"class":97},[39,126575,101],{"class":53},[39,126577,244],{"class":243},[39,126579,126053],{"class":247},[39,126581,244],{"class":243},[39,126583,61],{"class":53},[39,126585,3458],{"class":57},[39,126587,61],{"class":53},[39,126589,692],{"class":57},[39,126591,1026],{"class":53},[20,126593,458],{},[30,126595,126596],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126597,126598],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126599,126600],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126601,3605],{"class":3477},[20,126603,126604,126605,126607],{},"Here, Python only checks ",[15,126606,126534],{}," and ignores the rest.",[134,126609,17032],{"id":17031},[20,126611,126612,25120],{},[15,126613,125998],{},[147,126615,126616,126621],{},[150,126617,126618,126620],{},[15,126619,939],{}," if the string ends with the suffix",[150,126622,126623,126625],{},[15,126624,1038],{}," if it does not",[20,126627,126628,126629,6788],{},"This makes it very useful inside ",[15,126630,511],{},[30,126632,126634],{"className":32,"code":126633,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"data.csv\"\n\nif filename.endswith(\".csv\"):\n    print(\"This is a CSV file.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is not a CSV file.\")\n",[15,126635,126636,126649,126653,126674,126689,126695],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126637,126638,126640,126642,126644,126647],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126639,126023],{"class":45},[39,126641,50],{"class":49},[39,126643,255],{"class":243},[39,126645,126646],{"class":247},"data.csv",[39,126648,2983],{"class":243},[39,126650,126651],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126652,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,126654,126655,126657,126660,126662,126664,126666,126668,126670,126672],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,126656,511],{"class":572},[39,126658,126659],{"class":45}," filename",[39,126661,94],{"class":53},[39,126663,126046],{"class":97},[39,126665,101],{"class":53},[39,126667,244],{"class":243},[39,126669,126053],{"class":247},[39,126671,244],{"class":243},[39,126673,7958],{"class":53},[39,126675,126676,126678,126680,126682,126685,126687],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,126677,603],{"class":112},[39,126679,101],{"class":53},[39,126681,244],{"class":243},[39,126683,126684],{"class":247},"This is a CSV file.",[39,126686,244],{"class":243},[39,126688,80],{"class":53},[39,126690,126691,126693],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,126692,27046],{"class":572},[39,126694,598],{"class":53},[39,126696,126697,126699,126701,126703,126706,126708],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,126698,603],{"class":112},[39,126700,101],{"class":53},[39,126702,244],{"class":243},[39,126704,126705],{"class":247},"This is not a CSV file.",[39,126707,244],{"class":243},[39,126709,80],{"class":53},[20,126711,458],{},[30,126713,126715],{"className":32,"code":126714,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"This is a CSV file.\n",[15,126716,126717],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126718,126719,126721,126723,126725,126728,126730],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126720,49485],{"class":45},[39,126722,11805],{"class":49},[39,126724,44151],{"class":45},[39,126726,126727],{"class":34067},"CSV",[39,126729,86226],{"class":86225},[39,126731,639],{"class":53},[134,126733,126735],{"id":126734},"common-beginner-examples","Common beginner examples",[223,126737,126739],{"id":126738},"check-a-file-extension","Check a file extension",[30,126741,126743],{"className":32,"code":126742,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"sales.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,126744,126745,126758],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126746,126747,126749,126751,126753,126756],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126748,126023],{"class":45},[39,126750,50],{"class":49},[39,126752,255],{"class":243},[39,126754,126755],{"class":247},"sales.csv",[39,126757,2983],{"class":243},[39,126759,126760,126762,126764,126766,126768,126770,126772,126774,126776,126778],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126761,113],{"class":112},[39,126763,101],{"class":53},[39,126765,126041],{"class":97},[39,126767,94],{"class":53},[39,126769,126046],{"class":97},[39,126771,101],{"class":53},[39,126773,244],{"class":243},[39,126775,126053],{"class":247},[39,126777,244],{"class":243},[39,126779,1026],{"class":53},[20,126781,458],{},[30,126783,126784],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126785,126786],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126787,126788],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126789,3605],{"class":3477},[223,126791,126793],{"id":126792},"check-whether-a-url-ends-with-a-slash","Check whether a URL ends with a slash",[30,126795,126797],{"className":32,"code":126796,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F\"\nprint(url.endswith(\"\u002F\"))\n",[15,126798,126799,126813],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126800,126801,126804,126806,126808,126811],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126802,126803],{"class":45},"url ",[39,126805,50],{"class":49},[39,126807,255],{"class":243},[39,126809,126810],{"class":247},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\u002Fdocs\u002F",[39,126812,2983],{"class":243},[39,126814,126815,126817,126819,126822,126824,126826,126828,126830,126833,126835],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126816,113],{"class":112},[39,126818,101],{"class":53},[39,126820,126821],{"class":97},"url",[39,126823,94],{"class":53},[39,126825,126046],{"class":97},[39,126827,101],{"class":53},[39,126829,244],{"class":243},[39,126831,126832],{"class":247},"\u002F",[39,126834,244],{"class":243},[39,126836,1026],{"class":53},[20,126838,458],{},[30,126840,126841],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126842,126843],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126844,126845],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126846,3605],{"class":3477},[223,126848,126850],{"id":126849},"check-whether-user-input-ends-with-punctuation","Check whether user input ends with punctuation",[30,126852,126854],{"className":32,"code":126853,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"Hello!\"\nprint(message.endswith(\"!\"))\n",[15,126855,126856,126869],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126857,126858,126860,126862,126864,126867],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126859,89597],{"class":45},[39,126861,50],{"class":49},[39,126863,255],{"class":243},[39,126865,126866],{"class":247},"Hello!",[39,126868,2983],{"class":243},[39,126870,126871,126873,126875,126877,126879,126881,126883,126885,126887,126889],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126872,113],{"class":112},[39,126874,101],{"class":53},[39,126876,89614],{"class":97},[39,126878,94],{"class":53},[39,126880,126046],{"class":97},[39,126882,101],{"class":53},[39,126884,244],{"class":243},[39,126886,89438],{"class":247},[39,126888,244],{"class":243},[39,126890,1026],{"class":53},[20,126892,458],{},[30,126894,126895],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126896,126897],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126898,126899],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126900,3605],{"class":3477},[223,126902,126904],{"id":126903},"check-multiple-allowed-endings","Check multiple allowed endings",[30,126906,126908],{"className":32,"code":126907,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,126909,126910,126923],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126911,126912,126914,126916,126918,126921],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126913,126023],{"class":45},[39,126915,50],{"class":49},[39,126917,255],{"class":243},[39,126919,126920],{"class":247},"photo.jpg",[39,126922,2983],{"class":243},[39,126924,126925,126927,126929,126931,126933,126935,126937,126939,126941,126943,126945,126947,126949,126951,126953,126955,126957,126959],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,126926,113],{"class":112},[39,126928,101],{"class":53},[39,126930,126041],{"class":97},[39,126932,94],{"class":53},[39,126934,126046],{"class":97},[39,126936,5126],{"class":53},[39,126938,244],{"class":243},[39,126940,126431],{"class":247},[39,126942,244],{"class":243},[39,126944,61],{"class":53},[39,126946,255],{"class":243},[39,126948,126378],{"class":247},[39,126950,244],{"class":243},[39,126952,61],{"class":53},[39,126954,255],{"class":243},[39,126956,126448],{"class":247},[39,126958,244],{"class":243},[39,126960,2534],{"class":53},[20,126962,458],{},[30,126964,126965],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,126966,126967],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126968,126969],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,126970,3605],{"class":3477},[20,126972,126973,126974,94],{},"If you need to check whether text appears anywhere in a string, not just at the end, see ",[173,126975,126976],{"href":123195},"how to check if a string contains a substring in Python",[134,126978,123587],{"id":123586},[20,126980,126981,123398],{},[15,126982,125998],{},[20,126984,126985,126986,796,126989,126992],{},"That means ",[15,126987,126988],{},"\".CSV\"",[15,126990,126991],{},"\".csv\""," are different.",[30,126994,126996],{"className":32,"code":126995,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\n\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename.endswith(\".CSV\"))\n",[15,126997,126998,127011,127015,127037],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,126999,127000,127002,127004,127006,127009],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127001,126023],{"class":45},[39,127003,50],{"class":49},[39,127005,255],{"class":243},[39,127007,127008],{"class":247},"REPORT.CSV",[39,127010,2983],{"class":243},[39,127012,127013],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127014,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,127016,127017,127019,127021,127023,127025,127027,127029,127031,127033,127035],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,127018,113],{"class":112},[39,127020,101],{"class":53},[39,127022,126041],{"class":97},[39,127024,94],{"class":53},[39,127026,126046],{"class":97},[39,127028,101],{"class":53},[39,127030,244],{"class":243},[39,127032,126053],{"class":247},[39,127034,244],{"class":243},[39,127036,1026],{"class":53},[39,127038,127039,127041,127043,127045,127047,127049,127051,127053,127056,127058],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,127040,113],{"class":112},[39,127042,101],{"class":53},[39,127044,126041],{"class":97},[39,127046,94],{"class":53},[39,127048,126046],{"class":97},[39,127050,101],{"class":53},[39,127052,244],{"class":243},[39,127054,127055],{"class":247},".CSV",[39,127057,244],{"class":243},[39,127059,1026],{"class":53},[20,127061,458],{},[30,127063,127065],{"className":32,"code":127064,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"False\nTrue\n",[15,127066,127067,127071],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127068,127069],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127070,3666],{"class":3477},[39,127072,127073],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127074,3605],{"class":3477},[20,127076,127077,127078,94],{},"If you want a case-insensitive check, convert the string first with ",[173,127079,127080],{"href":123667},[15,127081,123670],{},[30,127083,127085],{"className":32,"code":127084,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.lower().endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127086,127087,127099],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127088,127089,127091,127093,127095,127097],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127090,126023],{"class":45},[39,127092,50],{"class":49},[39,127094,255],{"class":243},[39,127096,127008],{"class":247},[39,127098,2983],{"class":243},[39,127100,127101,127103,127105,127107,127109,127111,127113,127115,127117,127119,127121,127123],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127102,113],{"class":112},[39,127104,101],{"class":53},[39,127106,126041],{"class":97},[39,127108,94],{"class":53},[39,127110,8254],{"class":97},[39,127112,8251],{"class":53},[39,127114,126046],{"class":97},[39,127116,101],{"class":53},[39,127118,244],{"class":243},[39,127120,126053],{"class":247},[39,127122,244],{"class":243},[39,127124,1026],{"class":53},[20,127126,458],{},[30,127128,127129],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127130,127131],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127132,127133],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127134,3605],{"class":3477},[134,127136,127138],{"id":127137},"using-multiple-suffixes","Using multiple suffixes",[20,127140,127141],{},"You can pass a tuple of suffixes to check several endings at once.",[30,127143,127145],{"className":32,"code":127144,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"picture.gif\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\", \".gif\")))\n",[15,127146,127147,127160],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127148,127149,127151,127153,127155,127158],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127150,126023],{"class":45},[39,127152,50],{"class":49},[39,127154,255],{"class":243},[39,127156,127157],{"class":247},"picture.gif",[39,127159,2983],{"class":243},[39,127161,127162,127164,127166,127168,127170,127172,127174,127176,127178,127180,127182,127184,127186,127188,127190,127192,127194,127196],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127163,113],{"class":112},[39,127165,101],{"class":53},[39,127167,126041],{"class":97},[39,127169,94],{"class":53},[39,127171,126046],{"class":97},[39,127173,5126],{"class":53},[39,127175,244],{"class":243},[39,127177,126431],{"class":247},[39,127179,244],{"class":243},[39,127181,61],{"class":53},[39,127183,255],{"class":243},[39,127185,126378],{"class":247},[39,127187,244],{"class":243},[39,127189,61],{"class":53},[39,127191,255],{"class":243},[39,127193,126448],{"class":247},[39,127195,244],{"class":243},[39,127197,2534],{"class":53},[20,127199,458],{},[30,127201,127202],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127203,127204],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127205,127206],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127207,3605],{"class":3477},[20,127209,127210],{},"This is helpful when you want to allow several file types.",[20,127212,51682],{},[30,127214,127216],{"className":32,"code":127215,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"document = \"notes.txt\"\nallowed = (\".txt\", \".md\", \".docx\")\n\nprint(document.endswith(allowed))\n",[15,127217,127218,127231,127266,127270],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127219,127220,127223,127225,127227,127229],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127221,127222],{"class":45},"document ",[39,127224,50],{"class":49},[39,127226,255],{"class":243},[39,127228,86485],{"class":247},[39,127230,2983],{"class":243},[39,127232,127233,127236,127238,127240,127242,127244,127246,127248,127250,127253,127255,127257,127259,127262,127264],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127234,127235],{"class":45},"allowed ",[39,127237,50],{"class":49},[39,127239,54],{"class":53},[39,127241,244],{"class":243},[39,127243,126076],{"class":247},[39,127245,244],{"class":243},[39,127247,61],{"class":53},[39,127249,255],{"class":243},[39,127251,127252],{"class":247},".md",[39,127254,244],{"class":243},[39,127256,61],{"class":53},[39,127258,255],{"class":243},[39,127260,127261],{"class":247},".docx",[39,127263,244],{"class":243},[39,127265,80],{"class":53},[39,127267,127268],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,127269,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,127271,127272,127274,127276,127279,127281,127283,127285,127288],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,127273,113],{"class":112},[39,127275,101],{"class":53},[39,127277,127278],{"class":97},"document",[39,127280,94],{"class":53},[39,127282,126046],{"class":97},[39,127284,101],{"class":53},[39,127286,127287],{"class":97},"allowed",[39,127289,1026],{"class":53},[20,127291,458],{},[30,127293,127294],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127295,127296],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127297,127298],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127299,3605],{"class":3477},[20,127301,127302,127303,94],{},"If you want the opposite check at the beginning of a string, see ",[173,127304,125940,127306,1533],{"href":127305},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method\u002F",[15,127307,127308],{},"startswith()",[134,127310,944],{"id":943},[20,127312,8063,127313,94],{},[15,127314,125998],{},[223,127316,127318],{"id":127317},"using-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Using a list instead of a tuple",[20,127320,4148],{},[30,127322,127324],{"className":32,"code":127323,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\n# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[15,127325,127326,127338],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127327,127328,127330,127332,127334,127336],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127329,126023],{"class":45},[39,127331,50],{"class":49},[39,127333,255],{"class":243},[39,127335,126920],{"class":247},[39,127337,2983],{"class":243},[39,127339,127340],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127341,127342],{"class":124},"# print(filename.endswith([\".jpg\", \".png\"]))  # TypeError\n",[20,127344,127345],{},"Use a tuple instead:",[30,127347,127349],{"className":32,"code":127348,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"photo.jpg\"\nprint(filename.endswith((\".jpg\", \".png\")))\n",[15,127350,127351,127363],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127352,127353,127355,127357,127359,127361],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127354,126023],{"class":45},[39,127356,50],{"class":49},[39,127358,255],{"class":243},[39,127360,126920],{"class":247},[39,127362,2983],{"class":243},[39,127364,127365,127367,127369,127371,127373,127375,127377,127379,127381,127383,127385,127387,127389,127391],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127366,113],{"class":112},[39,127368,101],{"class":53},[39,127370,126041],{"class":97},[39,127372,94],{"class":53},[39,127374,126046],{"class":97},[39,127376,5126],{"class":53},[39,127378,244],{"class":243},[39,127380,126431],{"class":247},[39,127382,244],{"class":243},[39,127384,61],{"class":53},[39,127386,255],{"class":243},[39,127388,126378],{"class":247},[39,127390,244],{"class":243},[39,127392,2534],{"class":53},[223,127394,127396],{"id":127395},"forgetting-that-the-check-is-case-sensitive","Forgetting that the check is case-sensitive",[30,127398,127400],{"className":32,"code":127399,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"REPORT.CSV\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\n",[15,127401,127402,127414],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127403,127404,127406,127408,127410,127412],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127405,126023],{"class":45},[39,127407,50],{"class":49},[39,127409,255],{"class":243},[39,127411,127008],{"class":247},[39,127413,2983],{"class":243},[39,127415,127416,127418,127420,127422,127424,127426,127428,127430,127432,127434],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127417,113],{"class":112},[39,127419,101],{"class":53},[39,127421,126041],{"class":97},[39,127423,94],{"class":53},[39,127425,126046],{"class":97},[39,127427,101],{"class":53},[39,127429,244],{"class":243},[39,127431,126053],{"class":247},[39,127433,244],{"class":243},[39,127435,1026],{"class":53},[20,127437,458],{},[30,127439,127440],{"className":32,"code":3666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127441,127442],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127443,127444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127445,3666],{"class":3477},[20,127447,38872],{},[30,127449,127450],{"className":32,"code":127084,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127451,127452,127464],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127453,127454,127456,127458,127460,127462],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127455,126023],{"class":45},[39,127457,50],{"class":49},[39,127459,255],{"class":243},[39,127461,127008],{"class":247},[39,127463,2983],{"class":243},[39,127465,127466,127468,127470,127472,127474,127476,127478,127480,127482,127484,127486,127488],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127467,113],{"class":112},[39,127469,101],{"class":53},[39,127471,126041],{"class":97},[39,127473,94],{"class":53},[39,127475,8254],{"class":97},[39,127477,8251],{"class":53},[39,127479,126046],{"class":97},[39,127481,101],{"class":53},[39,127483,244],{"class":243},[39,127485,126053],{"class":247},[39,127487,244],{"class":243},[39,127489,1026],{"class":53},[223,127491,1160,127493,1163,127495],{"id":127492},"confusing-endswith-with-in",[15,127494,125998],{},[15,127496,1128],{},[20,127498,127499,127501],{},[15,127500,125998],{}," checks only the end of the string.",[30,127503,127505],{"className":32,"code":127504,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"my_report.csv.backup\"\n\nprint(text.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(\".csv\" in text)\n",[15,127506,127507,127520,127524,127546],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127508,127509,127511,127513,127515,127518],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127510,34302],{"class":45},[39,127512,50],{"class":49},[39,127514,255],{"class":243},[39,127516,127517],{"class":247},"my_report.csv.backup",[39,127519,2983],{"class":243},[39,127521,127522],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127523,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,127525,127526,127528,127530,127532,127534,127536,127538,127540,127542,127544],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,127527,113],{"class":112},[39,127529,101],{"class":53},[39,127531,34323],{"class":97},[39,127533,94],{"class":53},[39,127535,126046],{"class":97},[39,127537,101],{"class":53},[39,127539,244],{"class":243},[39,127541,126053],{"class":247},[39,127543,244],{"class":243},[39,127545,1026],{"class":53},[39,127547,127548,127550,127552,127554,127556,127558,127560,127562],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,127549,113],{"class":112},[39,127551,101],{"class":53},[39,127553,244],{"class":243},[39,127555,126053],{"class":247},[39,127557,244],{"class":243},[39,127559,1149],{"class":572},[39,127561,42449],{"class":97},[39,127563,80],{"class":53},[20,127565,458],{},[30,127567,127568],{"className":32,"code":127064,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,127569,127570,127574],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127571,127572],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127573,3666],{"class":3477},[39,127575,127576],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127577,3605],{"class":3477},[223,127579,1030,127581,127583],{"id":127580},"expecting-endswith-to-remove-the-suffix",[15,127582,125998],{}," to remove the suffix",[20,127585,127586,127588],{},[15,127587,125998],{}," only checks. It does not edit the string.",[30,127590,127592],{"className":32,"code":127591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"report.csv\"\nprint(filename.endswith(\".csv\"))\nprint(filename)\n",[15,127593,127594,127606,127628],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127595,127596,127598,127600,127602,127604],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127597,126023],{"class":45},[39,127599,50],{"class":49},[39,127601,255],{"class":243},[39,127603,126030],{"class":247},[39,127605,2983],{"class":243},[39,127607,127608,127610,127612,127614,127616,127618,127620,127622,127624,127626],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127609,113],{"class":112},[39,127611,101],{"class":53},[39,127613,126041],{"class":97},[39,127615,94],{"class":53},[39,127617,126046],{"class":97},[39,127619,101],{"class":53},[39,127621,244],{"class":243},[39,127623,126053],{"class":247},[39,127625,244],{"class":243},[39,127627,1026],{"class":53},[39,127629,127630,127632,127634,127636],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,127631,113],{"class":112},[39,127633,101],{"class":53},[39,127635,126041],{"class":97},[39,127637,80],{"class":53},[20,127639,458],{},[30,127641,127643],{"className":32,"code":127642,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nreport.csv\n",[15,127644,127645,127649],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127646,127647],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127648,3605],{"class":3477},[39,127650,127651,127654,127656],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127652,127653],{"class":45},"report",[39,127655,94],{"class":53},[39,127657,127658],{"class":997},"csv\n",[20,127660,127661,127662,94],{},"If you need to change text, see ",[173,127663,127664],{"href":124108},"how to replace text in a string in Python",[20,127666,65654],{},[147,127668,127669,127672,127675,127678],{},[150,127670,127671],{},"Passing the wrong suffix because of uppercase vs lowercase text",[150,127673,127674],{},"Using a list instead of a tuple for multiple endings",[150,127676,127677],{},"Checking the full string when only part of the string should be checked",[150,127679,948,127680,44236,127682,177,127684,111138],{},[15,127681,125998],{},[15,127683,124111],{},[15,127685,41262],{},[20,127687,29748],{},[30,127689,127691],{"className":32,"code":127690,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.endswith('.csv'))\nprint(text.lower().endswith('.csv'))\nprint(type(text))\n",[15,127692,127693,127703,127717,127739,127765],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127694,127695,127697,127699,127701],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127696,113],{"class":112},[39,127698,101],{"class":53},[39,127700,34323],{"class":97},[39,127702,80],{"class":53},[39,127704,127705,127707,127709,127711,127713,127715],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127706,113],{"class":112},[39,127708,101],{"class":53},[39,127710,41388],{"class":112},[39,127712,101],{"class":53},[39,127714,34323],{"class":97},[39,127716,1026],{"class":53},[39,127718,127719,127721,127723,127725,127727,127729,127731,127733,127735,127737],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,127720,113],{"class":112},[39,127722,101],{"class":53},[39,127724,34323],{"class":97},[39,127726,94],{"class":53},[39,127728,126046],{"class":97},[39,127730,101],{"class":53},[39,127732,629],{"class":243},[39,127734,126053],{"class":247},[39,127736,629],{"class":243},[39,127738,1026],{"class":53},[39,127740,127741,127743,127745,127747,127749,127751,127753,127755,127757,127759,127761,127763],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,127742,113],{"class":112},[39,127744,101],{"class":53},[39,127746,34323],{"class":97},[39,127748,94],{"class":53},[39,127750,8254],{"class":97},[39,127752,8251],{"class":53},[39,127754,126046],{"class":97},[39,127756,101],{"class":53},[39,127758,629],{"class":243},[39,127760,126053],{"class":247},[39,127762,629],{"class":243},[39,127764,1026],{"class":53},[39,127766,127767,127769,127771,127773,127775,127777],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,127768,113],{"class":112},[39,127770,101],{"class":53},[39,127772,2845],{"class":2523},[39,127774,101],{"class":53},[39,127776,34323],{"class":97},[39,127778,1026],{"class":53},[134,127780,1454],{"id":1453},[223,127782,1468,127784,127786],{"id":127783},"does-endswith-change-the-string",[15,127785,125998],{}," change the string?",[20,127788,127789,127790,177,127792,94],{},"No. It only checks the ending and returns ",[15,127791,939],{},[15,127793,1038],{},[223,127795,1487,127797,127799],{"id":127796},"can-endswith-check-more-than-one-ending",[15,127798,125998],{}," check more than one ending?",[20,127801,127802,127803,94],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of suffixes, such as ",[15,127804,127805],{},"(\".jpg\", \".png\")",[223,127807,14514,127809,124276],{"id":127808},"is-endswith-case-sensitive",[15,127810,125998],{},[20,127812,127813,127814,177,127816,127819],{},"Yes. Use ",[15,127815,123670],{},[15,127817,127818],{},"upper()"," first if you want a case-insensitive check.",[223,127821,1497,127823,796,127825,929],{"id":127822},"what-is-the-difference-between-endswith-and-find",[15,127824,125998],{},[15,127826,123935],{},[20,127828,127829,127831,127832,127834],{},[15,127830,125998],{}," only checks the end of the string. ",[15,127833,123935],{}," searches for text anywhere in the string.",[134,127836,1514],{"id":1513},[147,127838,127839,127845,127851,127855,127859],{},[150,127840,127841],{},[173,127842,125940,127843,1533],{"href":127305},[15,127844,127308],{},[150,127846,127847],{},[173,127848,125940,127849,1533],{"href":123667},[15,127850,123670],{},[150,127852,127853],{},[173,127854,124339],{"href":123195},[150,127856,127857],{},[173,127858,124346],{"href":124108},[150,127860,127861],{},[173,127862,124695],{"href":50581},[1550,127864,127865],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sMMDD, html code.shiki .sMMDD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":127867},[127868,127869,127871,127872,127877,127878,127884,127885,127886,127894,127904],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":126106,"depth":83,"text":127870},"What endswith() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":126321,"depth":83,"text":126322,"children":127873},[127874,127875,127876],{"id":126235,"depth":109,"text":126235},{"id":35687,"depth":109,"text":35687},{"id":52263,"depth":109,"text":52263},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":126734,"depth":83,"text":126735,"children":127879},[127880,127881,127882,127883],{"id":126738,"depth":109,"text":126739},{"id":126792,"depth":109,"text":126793},{"id":126849,"depth":109,"text":126850},{"id":126903,"depth":109,"text":126904},{"id":123586,"depth":83,"text":123587},{"id":127137,"depth":83,"text":127138},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":127887},[127888,127889,127890,127892],{"id":127317,"depth":109,"text":127318},{"id":127395,"depth":109,"text":127396},{"id":127492,"depth":109,"text":127891},"Confusing endswith() with in",{"id":127580,"depth":109,"text":127893},"Expecting endswith() to remove the suffix",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":127895},[127896,127898,127900,127902],{"id":127783,"depth":109,"text":127897},"Does endswith() change the string?",{"id":127796,"depth":109,"text":127899},"Can endswith() check more than one ending?",{"id":127808,"depth":109,"text":127901},"Is endswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":127822,"depth":109,"text":127903},"What is the difference between endswith() and find()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string endswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method",{"title":125990,"description":127905},"reference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method","jmT6sZS8GCE7qxlLXjoIsllvV_eO0eIaQJVm97pUvDY",{"id":127912,"title":127913,"body":127914,"description":129581,"extension":1587,"meta":129582,"navigation":420,"path":129583,"seo":129584,"stem":129585,"__hash__":129586},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method.md","Python String find() Method",{"type":7,"value":127915,"toc":129554},[127916,127921,127926,127931,127936,128029,128039,128044,128049,128064,128066,128148,128156,128158,128160,128187,128189,128205,128212,128214,128322,128324,128328,128344,128346,128441,128449,128452,128458,128463,128468,128475,128614,128617,128630,128632,128636,128643,128713,128716,128765,128772,128779,128793,128798,128803,128849,128895,128911,128913,128918,128932,128935,129057,129062,129064,129069,129102,129105,129181,129183,129192,129206,129209,129293,129296,129407,129410,129438,129440,129447,129451,129457,129460,129466,129469,129476,129487,129493,129500,129502,129551],[10,127917,122940,127919,18],{"id":127918},"python-string-find-method",[15,127920,123935],{},[20,127922,122945,127923,127925],{},[15,127924,123935],{}," method searches for a substring inside a string.",[20,127927,127928,127929,94],{},"It returns the index of the first match. If the text is not found, it returns ",[15,127930,65445],{},[20,127932,128,127933,127935],{},[15,127934,123935],{}," when you want the position of some text and it is normal for that text to be missing.",[30,127937,127939],{"className":32,"code":127938,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.find(\"world\")\nprint(position)   # 6\n\nmissing = text.find(\"python\")\nprint(missing)    # -1\n",[15,127940,127941,127953,127976,127989,127993,128016],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,127942,127943,127945,127947,127949,127951],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,127944,34302],{"class":45},[39,127946,50],{"class":49},[39,127948,255],{"class":243},[39,127950,59997],{"class":247},[39,127952,2983],{"class":243},[39,127954,127955,127957,127959,127961,127963,127966,127968,127970,127972,127974],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,127956,64511],{"class":45},[39,127958,50],{"class":49},[39,127960,42449],{"class":45},[39,127962,94],{"class":53},[39,127964,127965],{"class":97},"find",[39,127967,101],{"class":53},[39,127969,244],{"class":243},[39,127971,60182],{"class":247},[39,127973,244],{"class":243},[39,127975,80],{"class":53},[39,127977,127978,127980,127982,127984,127986],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,127979,113],{"class":112},[39,127981,101],{"class":53},[39,127983,64538],{"class":97},[39,127985,121],{"class":53},[39,127987,127988],{"class":124},"   # 6\n",[39,127990,127991],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,127992,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,127994,127995,127998,128000,128002,128004,128006,128008,128010,128012,128014],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,127996,127997],{"class":45},"missing ",[39,127999,50],{"class":49},[39,128001,42449],{"class":45},[39,128003,94],{"class":53},[39,128005,127965],{"class":97},[39,128007,101],{"class":53},[39,128009,244],{"class":243},[39,128011,34],{"class":247},[39,128013,244],{"class":243},[39,128015,80],{"class":53},[39,128017,128018,128020,128022,128024,128026],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,128019,113],{"class":112},[39,128021,101],{"class":53},[39,128023,26385],{"class":97},[39,128025,121],{"class":53},[39,128027,128028],{"class":124},"    # -1\n",[43188,128030,128031],{},[20,128032,128,128033,128035,128036,128038],{},[15,128034,123935],{}," when you want the position of a substring. It returns ",[15,128037,65445],{}," if the substring is not found.",[134,128040,137,128042,140],{"id":128041},"what-find-does",[15,128043,123935],{},[20,128045,128046,128048],{},[15,128047,123935],{}," is a string method that:",[147,128050,128051,128054,128057,128062],{},[150,128052,128053],{},"Searches a string for a substring",[150,128055,128056],{},"Returns the index of the first match",[150,128058,494,128059,128061],{},[15,128060,65445],{}," if no match is found",[150,128063,126126],{},[20,128065,515],{},[30,128067,128069],{"className":32,"code":128068,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"na\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))    # -1\nprint(text)              # banana\n",[15,128070,128071,128083,128087,128111,128135],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128072,128073,128075,128077,128079,128081],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128074,34302],{"class":45},[39,128076,50],{"class":49},[39,128078,255],{"class":243},[39,128080,386],{"class":247},[39,128082,2983],{"class":243},[39,128084,128085],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128086,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128088,128089,128091,128093,128095,128097,128099,128101,128103,128105,128107,128109],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128090,113],{"class":112},[39,128092,101],{"class":53},[39,128094,34323],{"class":97},[39,128096,94],{"class":53},[39,128098,127965],{"class":97},[39,128100,101],{"class":53},[39,128102,244],{"class":243},[39,128104,123033],{"class":247},[39,128106,244],{"class":243},[39,128108,303],{"class":53},[39,128110,306],{"class":124},[39,128112,128113,128115,128117,128119,128121,128123,128125,128127,128129,128131,128133],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,128114,113],{"class":112},[39,128116,101],{"class":53},[39,128118,34323],{"class":97},[39,128120,94],{"class":53},[39,128122,127965],{"class":97},[39,128124,101],{"class":53},[39,128126,244],{"class":243},[39,128128,1798],{"class":247},[39,128130,244],{"class":243},[39,128132,303],{"class":53},[39,128134,128028],{"class":124},[39,128136,128137,128139,128141,128143,128145],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,128138,113],{"class":112},[39,128140,101],{"class":53},[39,128142,34323],{"class":97},[39,128144,121],{"class":53},[39,128146,128147],{"class":124},"              # banana\n",[20,128149,20383,128150,128153,128154,94],{},[15,128151,128152],{},"\"na\""," first appears at index ",[15,128155,104],{},[134,128157,1781],{"id":1780},[20,128159,1784],{},[30,128161,128163],{"className":32,"code":128162,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.find(value, start, end)\n",[15,128164,128165],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128166,128167,128169,128171,128173,128175,128177,128179,128181,128183,128185],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128168,60765],{"class":45},[39,128170,94],{"class":53},[39,128172,127965],{"class":97},[39,128174,101],{"class":53},[39,128176,155],{"class":97},[39,128178,61],{"class":53},[39,128180,35666],{"class":97},[39,128182,61],{"class":53},[39,128184,64632],{"class":97},[39,128186,80],{"class":53},[223,128188,17008],{"id":17007},[147,128190,128191,128195,128200],{},[150,128192,128193,123132],{},[15,128194,155],{},[150,128196,128197,128199],{},[15,128198,35687],{},": optional starting position",[150,128201,128202,128204],{},[15,128203,52263],{},": optional ending position",[20,128206,128207,796,128209,128211],{},[15,128208,35687],{},[15,128210,52263],{}," let you search only part of the string.",[20,128213,126269],{},[30,128215,128217],{"className":32,"code":128216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"o\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5))     # 7\nprint(text.find(\"o\", 5, 7))  # -1\n",[15,128218,128219,128231,128235,128260,128289],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128220,128221,128223,128225,128227,128229],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128222,34302],{"class":45},[39,128224,50],{"class":49},[39,128226,255],{"class":243},[39,128228,59997],{"class":247},[39,128230,2983],{"class":243},[39,128232,128233],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128234,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128236,128237,128239,128241,128243,128245,128247,128249,128251,128253,128255,128257],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128238,113],{"class":112},[39,128240,101],{"class":53},[39,128242,34323],{"class":97},[39,128244,94],{"class":53},[39,128246,127965],{"class":97},[39,128248,101],{"class":53},[39,128250,244],{"class":243},[39,128252,60064],{"class":247},[39,128254,244],{"class":243},[39,128256,303],{"class":53},[39,128258,128259],{"class":124},"        # 4\n",[39,128261,128262,128264,128266,128268,128270,128272,128274,128276,128278,128280,128282,128284,128286],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,128263,113],{"class":112},[39,128265,101],{"class":53},[39,128267,34323],{"class":97},[39,128269,94],{"class":53},[39,128271,127965],{"class":97},[39,128273,101],{"class":53},[39,128275,244],{"class":243},[39,128277,60064],{"class":247},[39,128279,244],{"class":243},[39,128281,61],{"class":53},[39,128283,4228],{"class":57},[39,128285,303],{"class":53},[39,128287,128288],{"class":124},"     # 7\n",[39,128290,128291,128293,128295,128297,128299,128301,128303,128305,128307,128309,128311,128313,128315,128317,128319],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,128292,113],{"class":112},[39,128294,101],{"class":53},[39,128296,34323],{"class":97},[39,128298,94],{"class":53},[39,128300,127965],{"class":97},[39,128302,101],{"class":53},[39,128304,244],{"class":243},[39,128306,60064],{"class":247},[39,128308,244],{"class":243},[39,128310,61],{"class":53},[39,128312,4228],{"class":57},[39,128314,61],{"class":53},[39,128316,1338],{"class":57},[39,128318,303],{"class":53},[39,128320,128321],{"class":124},"  # -1\n",[134,128323,483],{"id":482},[20,128325,486,128326,489],{},[15,128327,123935],{},[147,128329,128330,128336,128339],{},[150,128331,128332,128333,128335],{},"A number ",[15,128334,221],{}," or greater means the substring was found",[150,128337,128338],{},"The number is the starting position of the match",[150,128340,128341,128343],{},[15,128342,65445],{}," means the substring was not found",[20,128345,515],{},[30,128347,128349],{"className":32,"code":128348,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"python\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"py\"))   # 0\nprint(text.find(\"th\"))   # 2\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))    # -1\n",[15,128350,128351,128363,128367,128392,128417],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128352,128353,128355,128357,128359,128361],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128354,34302],{"class":45},[39,128356,50],{"class":49},[39,128358,255],{"class":243},[39,128360,34],{"class":247},[39,128362,2983],{"class":243},[39,128364,128365],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128366,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128368,128369,128371,128373,128375,128377,128379,128381,128383,128386,128388,128390],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128370,113],{"class":112},[39,128372,101],{"class":53},[39,128374,34323],{"class":97},[39,128376,94],{"class":53},[39,128378,127965],{"class":97},[39,128380,101],{"class":53},[39,128382,244],{"class":243},[39,128384,128385],{"class":247},"py",[39,128387,244],{"class":243},[39,128389,303],{"class":53},[39,128391,20380],{"class":124},[39,128393,128394,128396,128398,128400,128402,128404,128406,128408,128411,128413,128415],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,128395,113],{"class":112},[39,128397,101],{"class":53},[39,128399,34323],{"class":97},[39,128401,94],{"class":53},[39,128403,127965],{"class":97},[39,128405,101],{"class":53},[39,128407,244],{"class":243},[39,128409,128410],{"class":247},"th",[39,128412,244],{"class":243},[39,128414,303],{"class":53},[39,128416,306],{"class":124},[39,128418,128419,128421,128423,128425,128427,128429,128431,128433,128435,128437,128439],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,128420,113],{"class":112},[39,128422,101],{"class":53},[39,128424,34323],{"class":97},[39,128426,94],{"class":53},[39,128428,127965],{"class":97},[39,128430,101],{"class":53},[39,128432,244],{"class":243},[39,128434,21689],{"class":247},[39,128436,244],{"class":243},[39,128438,303],{"class":53},[39,128440,128028],{"class":124},[20,128442,89500,128443,1033,128445,177,128447,94],{},[15,128444,123935],{},[15,128446,939],{},[15,128448,1038],{},[20,128450,128451],{},"It does not return a Boolean value. It returns the position of the match.",[134,128453,948,128454,796,128456],{"id":64997},[15,128455,35687],{},[15,128457,52263],{},[20,128459,128,128460,128462],{},[15,128461,35687],{}," to skip the earlier part of a string.",[20,128464,128,128465,128467],{},[15,128466,52263],{}," to stop searching before a certain position.",[20,128469,1604,128470,75052,128472,128474],{},[15,128471,52263],{},[3367,128473,64661],{}," in the search.",[30,128476,128478],{"className":32,"code":128477,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"one two three two\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"two\"))        # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 5))     # 14\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 7))  # 4\nprint(text.find(\"two\", 0, 4))  # -1\n",[15,128479,128480,128493,128497,128521,128550,128582],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128481,128482,128484,128486,128488,128491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128483,34302],{"class":45},[39,128485,50],{"class":49},[39,128487,255],{"class":243},[39,128489,128490],{"class":247},"one two three two",[39,128492,2983],{"class":243},[39,128494,128495],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128496,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128498,128499,128501,128503,128505,128507,128509,128511,128513,128515,128517,128519],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128500,113],{"class":112},[39,128502,101],{"class":53},[39,128504,34323],{"class":97},[39,128506,94],{"class":53},[39,128508,127965],{"class":97},[39,128510,101],{"class":53},[39,128512,244],{"class":243},[39,128514,78861],{"class":247},[39,128516,244],{"class":243},[39,128518,303],{"class":53},[39,128520,128259],{"class":124},[39,128522,128523,128525,128527,128529,128531,128533,128535,128537,128539,128541,128543,128545,128547],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,128524,113],{"class":112},[39,128526,101],{"class":53},[39,128528,34323],{"class":97},[39,128530,94],{"class":53},[39,128532,127965],{"class":97},[39,128534,101],{"class":53},[39,128536,244],{"class":243},[39,128538,78861],{"class":247},[39,128540,244],{"class":243},[39,128542,61],{"class":53},[39,128544,4228],{"class":57},[39,128546,303],{"class":53},[39,128548,128549],{"class":124},"     # 14\n",[39,128551,128552,128554,128556,128558,128560,128562,128564,128566,128568,128570,128572,128574,128576,128578,128580],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,128553,113],{"class":112},[39,128555,101],{"class":53},[39,128557,34323],{"class":97},[39,128559,94],{"class":53},[39,128561,127965],{"class":97},[39,128563,101],{"class":53},[39,128565,244],{"class":243},[39,128567,78861],{"class":247},[39,128569,244],{"class":243},[39,128571,61],{"class":53},[39,128573,3458],{"class":57},[39,128575,61],{"class":53},[39,128577,1338],{"class":57},[39,128579,303],{"class":53},[39,128581,50541],{"class":124},[39,128583,128584,128586,128588,128590,128592,128594,128596,128598,128600,128602,128604,128606,128608,128610,128612],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,128585,113],{"class":112},[39,128587,101],{"class":53},[39,128589,34323],{"class":97},[39,128591,94],{"class":53},[39,128593,127965],{"class":97},[39,128595,101],{"class":53},[39,128597,244],{"class":243},[39,128599,78861],{"class":247},[39,128601,244],{"class":243},[39,128603,61],{"class":53},[39,128605,3458],{"class":57},[39,128607,61],{"class":53},[39,128609,2080],{"class":57},[39,128611,303],{"class":53},[39,128613,128321],{"class":124},[20,128615,128616],{},"This is useful when you only want to search inside part of a string before slicing or processing it further.",[20,128618,128619,128620,54670,128624,94],{},"If you want to split text after finding a separator, see ",[173,128621,128623],{"href":128622},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to split a string in Python",[173,128625,128627,128629],{"href":128626},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method\u002F",[15,128628,60122],{}," string method",[134,128631,123587],{"id":123586},[20,128633,128634,123398],{},[15,128635,123935],{},[20,128637,126985,128638,796,128640,128642],{},[15,128639,90008],{},[15,128641,64126],{}," are treated as different text.",[30,128644,128646],{"className":32,"code":128645,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"Hello\"))  # 0\nprint(text.find(\"hello\"))  # -1\n",[15,128647,128648,128661,128665,128689],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128649,128650,128652,128654,128656,128659],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128651,34302],{"class":45},[39,128653,50],{"class":49},[39,128655,255],{"class":243},[39,128657,128658],{"class":247},"Hello World",[39,128660,2983],{"class":243},[39,128662,128663],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128664,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128666,128667,128669,128671,128673,128675,128677,128679,128681,128683,128685,128687],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128668,113],{"class":112},[39,128670,101],{"class":53},[39,128672,34323],{"class":97},[39,128674,94],{"class":53},[39,128676,127965],{"class":97},[39,128678,101],{"class":53},[39,128680,244],{"class":243},[39,128682,34482],{"class":247},[39,128684,244],{"class":243},[39,128686,303],{"class":53},[39,128688,332],{"class":124},[39,128690,128691,128693,128695,128697,128699,128701,128703,128705,128707,128709,128711],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,128692,113],{"class":112},[39,128694,101],{"class":53},[39,128696,34323],{"class":97},[39,128698,94],{"class":53},[39,128700,127965],{"class":97},[39,128702,101],{"class":53},[39,128704,244],{"class":243},[39,128706,3470],{"class":247},[39,128708,244],{"class":243},[39,128710,303],{"class":53},[39,128712,128321],{"class":124},[20,128714,128715],{},"If you want a case-insensitive search, convert both values to the same case first.",[30,128717,128719],{"className":32,"code":128718,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower().find(\"hello\"))  # 0\n",[15,128720,128721,128733,128737],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128722,128723,128725,128727,128729,128731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128724,34302],{"class":45},[39,128726,50],{"class":49},[39,128728,255],{"class":243},[39,128730,128658],{"class":247},[39,128732,2983],{"class":243},[39,128734,128735],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128736,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128738,128739,128741,128743,128745,128747,128749,128751,128753,128755,128757,128759,128761,128763],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128740,113],{"class":112},[39,128742,101],{"class":53},[39,128744,34323],{"class":97},[39,128746,94],{"class":53},[39,128748,8254],{"class":97},[39,128750,8251],{"class":53},[39,128752,127965],{"class":97},[39,128754,101],{"class":53},[39,128756,244],{"class":243},[39,128758,3470],{"class":247},[39,128760,244],{"class":243},[39,128762,303],{"class":53},[39,128764,332],{"class":124},[134,128766,128768,10198,128770],{"id":128767},"find-vs-index",[15,128769,123935],{},[15,128771,1302],{},[20,128773,128774,796,128776,128778],{},[15,128775,123935],{},[15,128777,1302],{}," are similar, but they behave differently when the substring is missing.",[147,128780,128781,128787],{},[150,128782,128783,476,128785],{},[15,128784,123935],{},[15,128786,65445],{},[150,128788,128789,52097,128791],{},[15,128790,1302],{},[15,128792,40315],{},[20,128794,128,128795,128797],{},[15,128796,123935],{}," when missing text is normal.",[20,128799,128,128800,128802],{},[15,128801,1302],{}," when the value must exist.",[30,128804,128806],{"className":32,"code":128805,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.find(\"x\"))   # -1\n",[15,128807,128808,128820,128824],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128809,128810,128812,128814,128816,128818],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128811,34302],{"class":45},[39,128813,50],{"class":49},[39,128815,255],{"class":243},[39,128817,3470],{"class":247},[39,128819,2983],{"class":243},[39,128821,128822],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128823,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128825,128826,128828,128830,128832,128834,128836,128838,128840,128842,128844,128846],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128827,113],{"class":112},[39,128829,101],{"class":53},[39,128831,34323],{"class":97},[39,128833,94],{"class":53},[39,128835,127965],{"class":97},[39,128837,101],{"class":53},[39,128839,244],{"class":243},[39,128841,1798],{"class":247},[39,128843,244],{"class":243},[39,128845,303],{"class":53},[39,128847,128848],{"class":124},"   # -1\n",[30,128850,128852],{"className":32,"code":128851,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"x\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,128853,128854,128866,128870],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128855,128856,128858,128860,128862,128864],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128857,34302],{"class":45},[39,128859,50],{"class":49},[39,128861,255],{"class":243},[39,128863,3470],{"class":247},[39,128865,2983],{"class":243},[39,128867,128868],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128869,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128871,128872,128874,128876,128878,128880,128882,128884,128886,128888,128890,128892],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128873,113],{"class":112},[39,128875,101],{"class":53},[39,128877,34323],{"class":97},[39,128879,94],{"class":53},[39,128881,1431],{"class":97},[39,128883,101],{"class":53},[39,128885,244],{"class":243},[39,128887,1798],{"class":247},[39,128889,244],{"class":243},[39,128891,303],{"class":53},[39,128893,128894],{"class":124},"  # ValueError\n",[20,128896,128897,128898,128902,128903,128905,128906,94],{},"If you want to learn the difference in more detail, see the ",[173,128899,128900,128629],{"href":123960},[15,128901,1302],{},". If your code crashes because of ",[15,128904,1302],{},", read ",[173,128907,25291,128908],{"href":73072},[15,128909,128910],{},"ValueError: substring not found",[134,128912,643],{"id":642},[20,128914,646,128915,128917],{},[15,128916,123935],{}," for simple string search tasks like these:",[147,128919,128920,128923,128926,128929],{},[150,128921,128922],{},"Check whether part of a string exists",[150,128924,128925],{},"Get the position of a word",[150,128927,128928],{},"Find separators like commas, colons, or spaces",[150,128930,128931],{},"Search before slicing a string",[20,128933,128934],{},"Example: finding a colon before slicing",[30,128936,128938],{"className":32,"code":128937,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"name:Alice\"\ncolon_pos = text.find(\":\")\n\nif colon_pos != -1:\n    label = text[:colon_pos]\n    value = text[colon_pos + 1:]\n    print(label)  # name\n    print(value)  # Alice\n",[15,128939,128940,128953,128976,128980,128995,129011,129030,129044],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,128941,128942,128944,128946,128948,128951],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,128943,34302],{"class":45},[39,128945,50],{"class":49},[39,128947,255],{"class":243},[39,128949,128950],{"class":247},"name:Alice",[39,128952,2983],{"class":243},[39,128954,128955,128958,128960,128962,128964,128966,128968,128970,128972,128974],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,128956,128957],{"class":45},"colon_pos ",[39,128959,50],{"class":49},[39,128961,42449],{"class":45},[39,128963,94],{"class":53},[39,128965,127965],{"class":97},[39,128967,101],{"class":53},[39,128969,244],{"class":243},[39,128971,145],{"class":247},[39,128973,244],{"class":243},[39,128975,80],{"class":53},[39,128977,128978],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,128979,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,128981,128982,128984,128987,128989,128991,128993],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,128983,511],{"class":572},[39,128985,128986],{"class":45}," colon_pos ",[39,128988,72182],{"class":49},[39,128990,1847],{"class":49},[39,128992,58],{"class":57},[39,128994,598],{"class":53},[39,128996,128997,129000,129002,129004,129006,129009],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,128998,128999],{"class":45},"    label ",[39,129001,50],{"class":49},[39,129003,42449],{"class":45},[39,129005,75125],{"class":53},[39,129007,129008],{"class":45},"colon_pos",[39,129010,3262],{"class":53},[39,129012,129013,129015,129017,129019,129021,129023,129025,129027],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,129014,27013],{"class":45},[39,129016,50],{"class":49},[39,129018,42449],{"class":45},[39,129020,3525],{"class":53},[39,129022,128957],{"class":45},[39,129024,1684],{"class":49},[39,129026,595],{"class":57},[39,129028,129029],{"class":53},":]\n",[39,129031,129032,129034,129036,129039,129041],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,129033,603],{"class":112},[39,129035,101],{"class":53},[39,129037,129038],{"class":97},"label",[39,129040,121],{"class":53},[39,129042,129043],{"class":124},"  # name\n",[39,129045,129046,129048,129050,129052,129054],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,129047,603],{"class":112},[39,129049,101],{"class":53},[39,129051,155],{"class":97},[39,129053,121],{"class":53},[39,129055,129056],{"class":124},"  # Alice\n",[20,129058,129059,129060,94],{},"If you only want to check whether text exists, you may also want to read ",[173,129061,126976],{"href":123195},[134,129063,944],{"id":943},[20,129065,129066,129067,145],{},"These are some common beginner mistakes when using ",[15,129068,123935],{},[147,129070,129071,129080,129086,129091,129097],{},[150,129072,1030,129073,1033,129075,177,129077,129079],{},[15,129074,123935],{},[15,129076,939],{},[15,129078,1038],{}," instead of an index",[150,129081,129082,129083,129085],{},"Forgetting that the method returns ",[15,129084,65445],{}," when the substring is missing",[150,129087,948,129088,129090],{},[15,129089,123935],{}," without handling case differences",[150,129092,1160,129093,1163,129095],{},[15,129094,123935],{},[15,129096,1302],{},[150,129098,4202,129099,129101],{},[15,129100,123935],{}," changes the string",[20,129103,129104],{},"Example of a mistake:",[30,129106,129108],{"className":32,"code":129107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\"):\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129109,129110,129122,129126,129146,129161,129167],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129111,129112,129114,129116,129118,129120],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129113,34302],{"class":45},[39,129115,50],{"class":49},[39,129117,255],{"class":243},[39,129119,3470],{"class":247},[39,129121,2983],{"class":243},[39,129123,129124],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,129125,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,129127,129128,129130,129132,129134,129136,129138,129140,129142,129144],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,129129,511],{"class":572},[39,129131,42449],{"class":45},[39,129133,94],{"class":53},[39,129135,127965],{"class":97},[39,129137,101],{"class":53},[39,129139,244],{"class":243},[39,129141,60029],{"class":247},[39,129143,244],{"class":243},[39,129145,7958],{"class":53},[39,129147,129148,129150,129152,129154,129157,129159],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,129149,603],{"class":112},[39,129151,101],{"class":53},[39,129153,244],{"class":243},[39,129155,129156],{"class":247},"Found",[39,129158,244],{"class":243},[39,129160,80],{"class":53},[39,129162,129163,129165],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,129164,27046],{"class":572},[39,129166,598],{"class":53},[39,129168,129169,129171,129173,129175,129177,129179],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,129170,603],{"class":112},[39,129172,101],{"class":53},[39,129174,244],{"class":243},[39,129176,25927],{"class":247},[39,129178,244],{"class":243},[39,129180,80],{"class":53},[20,129182,99506],{},[30,129184,129186],{"className":32,"code":129185,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Not found\n",[15,129187,129188],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129189,129190],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129191,129185],{"class":45},[20,129193,45310,129194,129197,129198,16685,129200,129202,129203,129205],{},[15,129195,129196],{},"\"h\""," is found at index ",[15,129199,221],{},[15,129201,221],{}," is treated as false in an ",[15,129204,511],{}," statement.",[20,129207,129208],{},"A safer version is:",[30,129210,129212],{"className":32,"code":129211,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\nif text.find(\"h\") != -1:\n    print(\"Found\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Not found\")\n",[15,129213,129214,129226,129230,129259,129273,129279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129215,129216,129218,129220,129222,129224],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129217,34302],{"class":45},[39,129219,50],{"class":49},[39,129221,255],{"class":243},[39,129223,3470],{"class":247},[39,129225,2983],{"class":243},[39,129227,129228],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,129229,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,129231,129232,129234,129236,129238,129240,129242,129244,129246,129248,129250,129253,129255,129257],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,129233,511],{"class":572},[39,129235,42449],{"class":45},[39,129237,94],{"class":53},[39,129239,127965],{"class":97},[39,129241,101],{"class":53},[39,129243,244],{"class":243},[39,129245,60029],{"class":247},[39,129247,244],{"class":243},[39,129249,121],{"class":53},[39,129251,129252],{"class":49}," !=",[39,129254,1847],{"class":49},[39,129256,58],{"class":57},[39,129258,598],{"class":53},[39,129260,129261,129263,129265,129267,129269,129271],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,129262,603],{"class":112},[39,129264,101],{"class":53},[39,129266,244],{"class":243},[39,129268,129156],{"class":247},[39,129270,244],{"class":243},[39,129272,80],{"class":53},[39,129274,129275,129277],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,129276,27046],{"class":572},[39,129278,598],{"class":53},[39,129280,129281,129283,129285,129287,129289,129291],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,129282,603],{"class":112},[39,129284,101],{"class":53},[39,129286,244],{"class":243},[39,129288,25927],{"class":247},[39,129290,244],{"class":243},[39,129292,80],{"class":53},[20,129294,129295],{},"You can also debug string search problems with simple checks like these:",[30,129297,129299],{"className":32,"code":129298,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text.find('word'))\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.lower().find('word'))\nprint(len(text))\nprint(text.find('word', start, end))\n",[15,129300,129301,129323,129337,129363,129377],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129302,129303,129305,129307,129309,129311,129313,129315,129317,129319,129321],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129304,113],{"class":112},[39,129306,101],{"class":53},[39,129308,34323],{"class":97},[39,129310,94],{"class":53},[39,129312,127965],{"class":97},[39,129314,101],{"class":53},[39,129316,629],{"class":243},[39,129318,38002],{"class":247},[39,129320,629],{"class":243},[39,129322,1026],{"class":53},[39,129324,129325,129327,129329,129331,129333,129335],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,129326,113],{"class":112},[39,129328,101],{"class":53},[39,129330,41388],{"class":112},[39,129332,101],{"class":53},[39,129334,34323],{"class":97},[39,129336,1026],{"class":53},[39,129338,129339,129341,129343,129345,129347,129349,129351,129353,129355,129357,129359,129361],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,129340,113],{"class":112},[39,129342,101],{"class":53},[39,129344,34323],{"class":97},[39,129346,94],{"class":53},[39,129348,8254],{"class":97},[39,129350,8251],{"class":53},[39,129352,127965],{"class":97},[39,129354,101],{"class":53},[39,129356,629],{"class":243},[39,129358,38002],{"class":247},[39,129360,629],{"class":243},[39,129362,1026],{"class":53},[39,129364,129365,129367,129369,129371,129373,129375],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,129366,113],{"class":112},[39,129368,101],{"class":53},[39,129370,10775],{"class":112},[39,129372,101],{"class":53},[39,129374,34323],{"class":97},[39,129376,1026],{"class":53},[39,129378,129379,129381,129383,129385,129387,129389,129391,129393,129395,129397,129399,129401,129403,129405],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,129380,113],{"class":112},[39,129382,101],{"class":53},[39,129384,34323],{"class":97},[39,129386,94],{"class":53},[39,129388,127965],{"class":97},[39,129390,101],{"class":53},[39,129392,629],{"class":243},[39,129394,38002],{"class":247},[39,129396,629],{"class":243},[39,129398,61],{"class":53},[39,129400,35666],{"class":97},[39,129402,61],{"class":53},[39,129404,64632],{"class":97},[39,129406,1026],{"class":53},[20,129408,129409],{},"These help you check:",[147,129411,129412,129417,129422,129427,129430],{},[150,129413,129414,129415],{},"The actual result from ",[15,129416,123935],{},[150,129418,129419,129420],{},"Hidden spaces or newline characters with ",[15,129421,122154],{},[150,129423,129424,129425],{},"Case differences with ",[15,129426,123670],{},[150,129428,129429],{},"The string length",[150,129431,129432,129433,796,129435,129437],{},"Whether your ",[15,129434,35687],{},[15,129436,52263],{}," values are correct",[134,129439,1454],{"id":1453},[223,129441,129443,129444,129446],{"id":129442},"what-does-python-string-find-return-if-the-text-is-not-found","What does Python string ",[15,129445,123935],{}," return if the text is not found?",[20,129448,4768,129449,94],{},[15,129450,65445],{},[223,129452,1468,129454,129456],{"id":129453},"does-find-return-the-first-match-or-all-matches",[15,129455,123935],{}," return the first match or all matches?",[20,129458,129459],{},"It returns the index of the first match only.",[223,129461,129463,129464,124276],{"id":129462},"is-python-find-case-sensitive","Is Python ",[15,129465,123935],{},[20,129467,129468],{},"Yes. Uppercase and lowercase letters are treated as different.",[223,129470,1497,129472,796,129474,69246],{"id":129471},"what-is-the-difference-between-find-and-index-in-python",[15,129473,123935],{},[15,129475,1302],{},[20,129477,129478,476,129480,129482,129483,52097,129485,94],{},[15,129479,123935],{},[15,129481,65445],{}," if not found, while ",[15,129484,1302],{},[15,129486,40315],{},[223,129488,27940,129490,129492],{"id":129489},"can-i-use-find-to-search-only-part-of-a-string",[15,129491,123935],{}," to search only part of a string?",[20,129494,129495,129496,796,129498,65744],{},"Yes. Use the optional ",[15,129497,35687],{},[15,129499,52263],{},[134,129501,1514],{"id":1513},[147,129503,129504,129510,129516,129523,129529,129536,129540,129545],{},[150,129505,129506],{},[173,129507,125940,129508,1533],{"href":123960},[15,129509,1302],{},[150,129511,129512],{},[173,129513,125940,129514,1533],{"href":128626},[15,129515,60122],{},[150,129517,129518],{},[173,129519,125940,129521,1533],{"href":129520},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method\u002F",[15,129522,124111],{},[150,129524,129525],{},[173,129526,125940,129527,1533],{"href":127305},[15,129528,127308],{},[150,129530,129531],{},[173,129532,125940,129534,1533],{"href":129533},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-endswith-method\u002F",[15,129535,125998],{},[150,129537,129538],{},[173,129539,124339],{"href":123195},[150,129541,129542],{},[173,129543,129544],{"href":128622},"How to split a string in Python",[150,129546,129547],{},[173,129548,25734,129549],{"href":73072},[15,129550,128910],{},[1550,129552,129553],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":129555},[129556,129558,129561,129562,129563,129564,129566,129567,129568,129580],{"id":128041,"depth":83,"text":129557},"What find() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":129559},[129560],{"id":17007,"depth":109,"text":17008},{"id":482,"depth":83,"text":483},{"id":64997,"depth":83,"text":65780},{"id":123586,"depth":83,"text":123587},{"id":128767,"depth":83,"text":129565},"find() vs index()",{"id":642,"depth":83,"text":643},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":129569},[129570,129572,129574,129576,129578],{"id":129442,"depth":109,"text":129571},"What does Python string find() return if the text is not found?",{"id":129453,"depth":109,"text":129573},"Does find() return the first match or all matches?",{"id":129462,"depth":109,"text":129575},"Is Python find() case-sensitive?",{"id":129471,"depth":109,"text":129577},"What is the difference between find() and index() in Python?",{"id":129489,"depth":109,"text":129579},"Can I use find() to search only part of a string?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string find method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-find-method",{"title":127913,"description":129581},"reference\u002Fpython-string-find-method","_aPlkKFn8WjvuACbSbsUyVsOgHW4RFMjM8HcjwccooM",{"id":129588,"title":129589,"body":129590,"description":131516,"extension":1587,"meta":131517,"navigation":420,"path":131518,"seo":131519,"stem":131520,"__hash__":131521},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method.md","Python String format() Method",{"type":7,"value":129591,"toc":131484},[129592,129597,129602,129605,129607,129683,129687,129715,129723,129727,129732,129736,129753,129755,129822,129826,129848,129856,129858,129861,129885,129888,129902,129904,129989,129993,130005,130008,130012,130018,130068,130072,130089,130098,130101,130109,130112,130161,130165,130190,130193,130248,130252,130264,130270,130274,130280,130285,130352,130356,130382,130385,130396,130398,130465,130469,130494,130501,130505,130510,130517,130525,130527,130579,130583,130601,130603,130648,130652,130667,130670,130680,130687,130689,130693,130696,130707,130709,130769,130773,130801,130804,130810,130815,130818,130822,130866,130869,130907,130910,130918,130920,130925,130929,130932,130980,130983,130986,131042,131046,131051,131054,131103,131105,131154,131160,131165,131167,131214,131218,131231,131233,131284,131290,131293,131297,131300,131306,131311,131313,131316,131388,131391,131408,131410,131415,131418,131422,131428,131434,131441,131447,131453,131455,131481],[10,129593,122940,129595,18],{"id":129594},"python-string-format-method",[15,129596,125943],{},[20,129598,122945,129599,129601],{},[15,129600,125943],{}," method inserts values into a string by replacing placeholders.",[20,129603,129604],{},"It is a useful way to build readable messages without joining many strings together by hand.",[134,129606,1629],{"id":1628},[30,129608,129610],{"className":32,"code":129609,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Maya\"\nage = 12\n\nmessage = \"My name is {} and I am {} years old.\".format(name, age)\nprint(message)\n",[15,129611,129612,129624,129632,129636,129673],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129613,129614,129616,129618,129620,129622],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129615,7493],{"class":45},[39,129617,50],{"class":49},[39,129619,255],{"class":243},[39,129621,11120],{"class":247},[39,129623,2983],{"class":243},[39,129625,129626,129628,129630],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,129627,21240],{"class":45},[39,129629,50],{"class":49},[39,129631,88389],{"class":57},[39,129633,129634],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,129635,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,129637,129638,129640,129642,129644,129647,129649,129652,129654,129656,129658,129660,129663,129665,129667,129669,129671],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,129639,89597],{"class":45},[39,129641,50],{"class":49},[39,129643,255],{"class":243},[39,129645,129646],{"class":247},"My name is ",[39,129648,3417],{"class":57},[39,129650,129651],{"class":247}," and I am ",[39,129653,3417],{"class":57},[39,129655,121937],{"class":247},[39,129657,244],{"class":243},[39,129659,94],{"class":53},[39,129661,129662],{"class":97},"format",[39,129664,101],{"class":53},[39,129666,7285],{"class":97},[39,129668,61],{"class":53},[39,129670,8801],{"class":97},[39,129672,80],{"class":53},[39,129674,129675,129677,129679,129681],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,129676,113],{"class":112},[39,129678,101],{"class":53},[39,129680,89614],{"class":97},[39,129682,80],{"class":53},[20,129684,129685],{},[3367,129686,458],{},[30,129688,129690],{"className":32,"code":129689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"My name is Maya and I am 12 years old.\n",[15,129691,129692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129693,129694,129697,129699,129702,129705,129708,129711,129713],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129695,129696],{"class":45},"My name ",[39,129698,11805],{"class":49},[39,129700,129701],{"class":45}," Maya ",[39,129703,129704],{"class":49},"and",[39,129706,129707],{"class":45}," I am ",[39,129709,129710],{"class":57},"12",[39,129712,121970],{"class":45},[39,129714,639],{"class":53},[20,129716,128,129717,129719,129720,129722],{},[15,129718,3417],{}," as placeholders, then pass values to ",[15,129721,125943],{}," in the same order.",[20,129724,124692,129725,94],{},[173,129726,124695],{"href":50581},[134,129728,12608,129730,12611],{"id":129729},"what-the-format-method-does",[15,129731,125943],{},[20,129733,1604,129734,11026],{},[15,129735,125943],{},[147,129737,129738,129741,129747,129750],{},[150,129739,129740],{},"inserts values into a string",[150,129742,129743,129744,129746],{},"replaces placeholders like ",[15,129745,3417],{}," with given values",[150,129748,129749],{},"returns a new string",[150,129751,129752],{},"does not change the original string",[20,129754,515],{},[30,129756,129758],{"className":32,"code":129757,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\nnew_text = text.format(\"Sam\")\n\nprint(new_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,129759,129760,129774,129797,129801,129812],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129761,129762,129764,129766,129768,129770,129772],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129763,34302],{"class":45},[39,129765,50],{"class":49},[39,129767,255],{"class":243},[39,129769,44508],{"class":247},[39,129771,3417],{"class":57},[39,129773,2983],{"class":243},[39,129775,129776,129779,129781,129783,129785,129787,129789,129791,129793,129795],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,129777,129778],{"class":45},"new_text ",[39,129780,50],{"class":49},[39,129782,42449],{"class":45},[39,129784,94],{"class":53},[39,129786,129662],{"class":97},[39,129788,101],{"class":53},[39,129790,244],{"class":243},[39,129792,7294],{"class":247},[39,129794,244],{"class":243},[39,129796,80],{"class":53},[39,129798,129799],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,129800,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,129802,129803,129805,129807,129810],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,129804,113],{"class":112},[39,129806,101],{"class":53},[39,129808,129809],{"class":97},"new_text",[39,129811,80],{"class":53},[39,129813,129814,129816,129818,129820],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,129815,113],{"class":112},[39,129817,101],{"class":53},[39,129819,34323],{"class":97},[39,129821,80],{"class":53},[20,129823,129824],{},[3367,129825,458],{},[30,129827,129829],{"className":32,"code":129828,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello, Sam\nHello, {}\n",[15,129830,129831,129840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129832,129833,129835,129837],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129834,34482],{"class":45},[39,129836,61],{"class":53},[39,129838,129839],{"class":45}," Sam\n",[39,129841,129842,129844,129846],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,129843,34482],{"class":45},[39,129845,61],{"class":53},[39,129847,9451],{"class":53},[20,129849,1910,129850,129852,129853,129855],{},[15,129851,34323],{}," stays the same. ",[15,129854,125943],{}," creates and returns a new string.",[134,129857,1781],{"id":1780},[20,129859,129860],{},"The general form is:",[30,129862,129864],{"className":32,"code":129863,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\"text {}\".format(value)\n",[15,129865,129866],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129867,129868,129870,129873,129875,129877,129879,129881,129883],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129869,244],{"class":42936},[39,129871,129872],{"class":42940},"text {}",[39,129874,244],{"class":42936},[39,129876,94],{"class":53},[39,129878,129662],{"class":97},[39,129880,101],{"class":53},[39,129882,155],{"class":97},[39,129884,80],{"class":53},[20,129886,129887],{},"Key idea:",[147,129889,129890,129896,129899],{},[150,129891,129892,129893,129895],{},"each ",[15,129894,3417],{}," is a placeholder",[150,129897,129898],{},"values are inserted from left to right by default",[150,129900,129901],{},"the number of placeholders should match the values you pass",[20,129903,515],{},[30,129905,129907],{"className":32,"code":129906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"animal = \"cat\"\nsound = \"meow\"\n\nsentence = \"The {} says {}.\".format(animal, sound)\nprint(sentence)\n",[15,129908,129909,129922,129936,129940,129978],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129910,129911,129914,129916,129918,129920],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,129912,129913],{"class":45},"animal ",[39,129915,50],{"class":49},[39,129917,255],{"class":243},[39,129919,839],{"class":247},[39,129921,2983],{"class":243},[39,129923,129924,129927,129929,129931,129934],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,129925,129926],{"class":45},"sound ",[39,129928,50],{"class":49},[39,129930,255],{"class":243},[39,129932,129933],{"class":247},"meow",[39,129935,2983],{"class":243},[39,129937,129938],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,129939,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,129941,129942,129945,129947,129949,129951,129953,129956,129958,129960,129962,129964,129966,129968,129971,129973,129976],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,129943,129944],{"class":45},"sentence ",[39,129946,50],{"class":49},[39,129948,255],{"class":243},[39,129950,1604],{"class":247},[39,129952,3417],{"class":57},[39,129954,129955],{"class":247}," says ",[39,129957,3417],{"class":57},[39,129959,94],{"class":247},[39,129961,244],{"class":243},[39,129963,94],{"class":53},[39,129965,129662],{"class":97},[39,129967,101],{"class":53},[39,129969,129970],{"class":97},"animal",[39,129972,61],{"class":53},[39,129974,129975],{"class":97}," sound",[39,129977,80],{"class":53},[39,129979,129980,129982,129984,129987],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,129981,113],{"class":112},[39,129983,101],{"class":53},[39,129985,129986],{"class":97},"sentence",[39,129988,80],{"class":53},[20,129990,129991],{},[3367,129992,458],{},[30,129994,129996],{"className":32,"code":129995,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The cat says meow.\n",[15,129997,129998],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,129999,130000,130003],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130001,130002],{"class":45},"The cat says meow",[39,130004,639],{"class":53},[20,130006,130007],{},"You can print the result directly, or save it in a variable first.",[134,130009,130011],{"id":130010},"using-positional-placeholders","Using positional placeholders",[20,130013,130014,130015,130017],{},"You can use empty braces ",[15,130016,3417],{}," for simple left-to-right replacement.",[30,130019,130021],{"className":32,"code":130020,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"I like {} and {}.\".format(\"pizza\", \"pasta\"))\n",[15,130022,130023],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130024,130025,130027,130029,130031,130034,130036,130038,130040,130042,130044,130046,130048,130050,130052,130055,130057,130059,130061,130064,130066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130026,113],{"class":112},[39,130028,101],{"class":53},[39,130030,244],{"class":243},[39,130032,130033],{"class":247},"I like ",[39,130035,3417],{"class":57},[39,130037,796],{"class":247},[39,130039,3417],{"class":57},[39,130041,94],{"class":247},[39,130043,244],{"class":243},[39,130045,94],{"class":53},[39,130047,129662],{"class":97},[39,130049,101],{"class":53},[39,130051,244],{"class":243},[39,130053,130054],{"class":247},"pizza",[39,130056,244],{"class":243},[39,130058,61],{"class":53},[39,130060,255],{"class":243},[39,130062,130063],{"class":247},"pasta",[39,130065,244],{"class":243},[39,130067,1026],{"class":53},[20,130069,130070],{},[3367,130071,458],{},[30,130073,130075],{"className":32,"code":130074,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"I like pizza and pasta.\n",[15,130076,130077],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130078,130079,130082,130084,130087],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130080,130081],{"class":45},"I like pizza ",[39,130083,129704],{"class":49},[39,130085,130086],{"class":45}," pasta",[39,130088,639],{"class":53},[20,130090,130091,130092,796,130095,94],{},"You can also use numbered placeholders like ",[15,130093,130094],{},"{0}",[15,130096,130097],{},"{1}",[20,130099,130100],{},"This is helpful when:",[147,130102,130103,130106],{},[150,130104,130105],{},"you want to reuse a value",[150,130107,130108],{},"you want to change the order",[20,130110,130111],{},"Example with reused values:",[30,130113,130115],{"className":32,"code":130114,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"{0} is learning Python. {0} likes coding.\".format(\"Lina\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130116,130117,130151],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130118,130119,130121,130123,130125,130127,130130,130132,130135,130137,130139,130141,130143,130145,130147,130149],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130120,34302],{"class":45},[39,130122,50],{"class":49},[39,130124,255],{"class":243},[39,130126,130094],{"class":57},[39,130128,130129],{"class":247}," is learning Python. ",[39,130131,130094],{"class":57},[39,130133,130134],{"class":247}," likes coding.",[39,130136,244],{"class":243},[39,130138,94],{"class":53},[39,130140,129662],{"class":97},[39,130142,101],{"class":53},[39,130144,244],{"class":243},[39,130146,19495],{"class":247},[39,130148,244],{"class":243},[39,130150,80],{"class":53},[39,130152,130153,130155,130157,130159],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130154,113],{"class":112},[39,130156,101],{"class":53},[39,130158,34323],{"class":97},[39,130160,80],{"class":53},[20,130162,130163],{},[3367,130164,458],{},[30,130166,130168],{"className":32,"code":130167,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Lina is learning Python. Lina likes coding.\n",[15,130169,130170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130171,130172,130175,130177,130180,130182,130185,130188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130173,130174],{"class":45},"Lina ",[39,130176,11805],{"class":49},[39,130178,130179],{"class":45}," learning Python",[39,130181,94],{"class":53},[39,130183,130184],{"class":997}," Lina",[39,130186,130187],{"class":45}," likes coding",[39,130189,639],{"class":53},[20,130191,130192],{},"Example with changed order:",[30,130194,130196],{"className":32,"code":130195,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"{1} comes after {0}.\".format(\"one\", \"two\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130197,130198,130238],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130199,130200,130202,130204,130206,130208,130210,130212,130214,130216,130218,130220,130222,130224,130226,130228,130230,130232,130234,130236],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130201,34302],{"class":45},[39,130203,50],{"class":49},[39,130205,255],{"class":243},[39,130207,130097],{"class":57},[39,130209,82916],{"class":247},[39,130211,130094],{"class":57},[39,130213,94],{"class":247},[39,130215,244],{"class":243},[39,130217,94],{"class":53},[39,130219,129662],{"class":97},[39,130221,101],{"class":53},[39,130223,244],{"class":243},[39,130225,6201],{"class":247},[39,130227,244],{"class":243},[39,130229,61],{"class":53},[39,130231,255],{"class":243},[39,130233,78861],{"class":247},[39,130235,244],{"class":243},[39,130237,80],{"class":53},[39,130239,130240,130242,130244,130246],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130241,113],{"class":112},[39,130243,101],{"class":53},[39,130245,34323],{"class":97},[39,130247,80],{"class":53},[20,130249,130250],{},[3367,130251,458],{},[30,130253,130255],{"className":32,"code":130254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"two comes after one.\n",[15,130256,130257],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130258,130259,130262],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130260,130261],{"class":45},"two comes after one",[39,130263,639],{"class":53},[20,130265,130266,130267,130269],{},"Numbered placeholders work, but for beginners, plain ",[15,130268,3417],{}," is often easier to read unless you need to reuse values.",[134,130271,130273],{"id":130272},"using-named-placeholders","Using named placeholders",[20,130275,130276,130277,94],{},"Named placeholders look like ",[15,130278,130279],{},"{name}",[20,130281,130282,130283,145],{},"You pass matching names into ",[15,130284,125943],{},[30,130286,130288],{"className":32,"code":130287,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"My name is {name} and I live in {city}.\".format(name=\"Ana\", city=\"Lima\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130289,130290,130342],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130291,130292,130294,130296,130298,130300,130302,130305,130308,130310,130312,130314,130316,130318,130320,130322,130324,130326,130328,130330,130332,130334,130336,130338,130340],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130293,34302],{"class":45},[39,130295,50],{"class":49},[39,130297,255],{"class":243},[39,130299,129646],{"class":247},[39,130301,130279],{"class":57},[39,130303,130304],{"class":247}," and I live in ",[39,130306,130307],{"class":57},"{city}",[39,130309,94],{"class":247},[39,130311,244],{"class":243},[39,130313,94],{"class":53},[39,130315,129662],{"class":97},[39,130317,101],{"class":53},[39,130319,7285],{"class":8788},[39,130321,50],{"class":49},[39,130323,244],{"class":243},[39,130325,12492],{"class":247},[39,130327,244],{"class":243},[39,130329,61],{"class":53},[39,130331,30998],{"class":8788},[39,130333,50],{"class":49},[39,130335,244],{"class":243},[39,130337,15643],{"class":247},[39,130339,244],{"class":243},[39,130341,80],{"class":53},[39,130343,130344,130346,130348,130350],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130345,113],{"class":112},[39,130347,101],{"class":53},[39,130349,34323],{"class":97},[39,130351,80],{"class":53},[20,130353,130354],{},[3367,130355,458],{},[30,130357,130359],{"className":32,"code":130358,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"My name is Ana and I live in Lima.\n",[15,130360,130361],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130362,130363,130365,130367,130370,130372,130375,130377,130380],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130364,129696],{"class":45},[39,130366,11805],{"class":49},[39,130368,130369],{"class":45}," Ana ",[39,130371,129704],{"class":49},[39,130373,130374],{"class":45}," I live ",[39,130376,1128],{"class":49},[39,130378,130379],{"class":45}," Lima",[39,130381,639],{"class":53},[20,130383,130384],{},"Named placeholders are useful because:",[147,130386,130387,130390,130393],{},[150,130388,130389],{},"they make code easier to read",[150,130391,130392],{},"they help when a string has many values",[150,130394,130395],{},"they reduce confusion about the order",[20,130397,515],{},[30,130399,130401],{"className":32,"code":130400,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"report = \"Student: {student}, Score: {score}\".format(student=\"Noah\", score=95)\nprint(report)\n",[15,130402,130403,130455],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130404,130405,130408,130410,130412,130415,130418,130421,130424,130426,130428,130430,130432,130434,130436,130438,130441,130443,130445,130448,130450,130453],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130406,130407],{"class":45},"report ",[39,130409,50],{"class":49},[39,130411,255],{"class":243},[39,130413,130414],{"class":247},"Student: ",[39,130416,130417],{"class":57},"{student}",[39,130419,130420],{"class":247},", Score: ",[39,130422,130423],{"class":57},"{score}",[39,130425,244],{"class":243},[39,130427,94],{"class":53},[39,130429,129662],{"class":97},[39,130431,101],{"class":53},[39,130433,13236],{"class":8788},[39,130435,50],{"class":49},[39,130437,244],{"class":243},[39,130439,130440],{"class":247},"Noah",[39,130442,244],{"class":243},[39,130444,61],{"class":53},[39,130446,130447],{"class":8788}," score",[39,130449,50],{"class":49},[39,130451,130452],{"class":57},"95",[39,130454,80],{"class":53},[39,130456,130457,130459,130461,130463],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130458,113],{"class":112},[39,130460,101],{"class":53},[39,130462,127653],{"class":97},[39,130464,80],{"class":53},[20,130466,130467],{},[3367,130468,458],{},[30,130470,130472],{"className":32,"code":130471,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Student: Noah, Score: 95\n",[15,130473,130474],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130475,130476,130479,130481,130484,130486,130489,130491],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130477,130478],{"class":45},"Student",[39,130480,145],{"class":53},[39,130482,130483],{"class":45}," Noah",[39,130485,61],{"class":53},[39,130487,130488],{"class":45}," Score",[39,130490,145],{"class":53},[39,130492,130493],{"class":57}," 95\n",[20,130495,130496,130497,94],{},"If you need to convert a value to text first, see ",[173,130498,3202,130499,3135],{"href":41783},[15,130500,47289],{},[134,130502,130504],{"id":130503},"formatting-numbers","Formatting numbers",[20,130506,130507,130509],{},[15,130508,125943],{}," can also control how numbers look.",[20,130511,130512,130513,130516],{},"A common example is ",[15,130514,130515],{},":.2f",", which means:",[147,130518,130519,130522],{},[150,130520,130521],{},"show the value as a floating-point number",[150,130523,130524],{},"keep 2 digits after the decimal point",[20,130526,515],{},[30,130528,130530],{"className":32,"code":130529,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"price = 3.5\ntext = \"Price: ${:.2f}\".format(price)\nprint(text)\n",[15,130531,130532,130540,130569],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130533,130534,130536,130538],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130535,39998],{"class":45},[39,130537,50],{"class":49},[39,130539,48882],{"class":57},[39,130541,130542,130544,130546,130548,130551,130553,130555,130557,130559,130561,130563,130565,130567],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130543,34302],{"class":45},[39,130545,50],{"class":49},[39,130547,255],{"class":243},[39,130549,130550],{"class":247},"Price: $",[39,130552,8890],{"class":57},[39,130554,130515],{"class":1689},[39,130556,21915],{"class":57},[39,130558,244],{"class":243},[39,130560,94],{"class":53},[39,130562,129662],{"class":97},[39,130564,101],{"class":53},[39,130566,24761],{"class":97},[39,130568,80],{"class":53},[39,130570,130571,130573,130575,130577],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,130572,113],{"class":112},[39,130574,101],{"class":53},[39,130576,34323],{"class":97},[39,130578,80],{"class":53},[20,130580,130581],{},[3367,130582,458],{},[30,130584,130586],{"className":32,"code":130585,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Price: $3.50\n",[15,130587,130588],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130589,130590,130593,130595,130598],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130591,130592],{"class":45},"Price",[39,130594,145],{"class":53},[39,130596,130597],{"class":36979}," $",[39,130599,130600],{"class":57},"3.50\n",[20,130602,51682],{},[30,130604,130606],{"className":32,"code":130605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"average = 91.236\nprint(\"Average: {:.2f}\".format(average))\n",[15,130607,130608,130618],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130609,130610,130613,130615],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130611,130612],{"class":45},"average ",[39,130614,50],{"class":49},[39,130616,130617],{"class":57}," 91.236\n",[39,130619,130620,130622,130624,130626,130629,130631,130633,130635,130637,130639,130641,130643,130646],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130621,113],{"class":112},[39,130623,101],{"class":53},[39,130625,244],{"class":243},[39,130627,130628],{"class":247},"Average: ",[39,130630,8890],{"class":57},[39,130632,130515],{"class":1689},[39,130634,21915],{"class":57},[39,130636,244],{"class":243},[39,130638,94],{"class":53},[39,130640,129662],{"class":97},[39,130642,101],{"class":53},[39,130644,130645],{"class":97},"average",[39,130647,1026],{"class":53},[20,130649,130650],{},[3367,130651,458],{},[30,130653,130655],{"className":32,"code":130654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Average: 91.24\n",[15,130656,130657],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130658,130659,130662,130664],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130660,130661],{"class":45},"Average",[39,130663,145],{"class":53},[39,130665,130666],{"class":57}," 91.24\n",[20,130668,130669],{},"This is useful for:",[147,130671,130672,130674,130677],{},[150,130673,82674],{},[150,130675,130676],{},"averages",[150,130678,130679],{},"percentages",[20,130681,130682,130683,94],{},"You can print formatted text with the ",[173,130684,3202,130685,1927],{"href":46055},[15,130686,46058],{},[134,130688,17032],{"id":17031},[20,130690,130691,92111],{},[15,130692,125943],{},[20,130694,130695],{},"That means you can:",[147,130697,130698,130701,130704],{},[150,130699,130700],{},"save it in a variable",[150,130702,130703],{},"print it directly",[150,130705,130706],{},"use it anywhere a string is needed",[20,130708,515],{},[30,130710,130712],{"className":32,"code":130711,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"Hello, {}!\".format(\"Chris\")\nprint(message)\nprint(type(message))\n",[15,130713,130714,130745,130755],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130715,130716,130718,130720,130722,130724,130726,130728,130730,130732,130734,130736,130738,130741,130743],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130717,89597],{"class":45},[39,130719,50],{"class":49},[39,130721,255],{"class":243},[39,130723,44508],{"class":247},[39,130725,3417],{"class":57},[39,130727,89438],{"class":247},[39,130729,244],{"class":243},[39,130731,94],{"class":53},[39,130733,129662],{"class":97},[39,130735,101],{"class":53},[39,130737,244],{"class":243},[39,130739,130740],{"class":247},"Chris",[39,130742,244],{"class":243},[39,130744,80],{"class":53},[39,130746,130747,130749,130751,130753],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130748,113],{"class":112},[39,130750,101],{"class":53},[39,130752,89614],{"class":97},[39,130754,80],{"class":53},[39,130756,130757,130759,130761,130763,130765,130767],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,130758,113],{"class":112},[39,130760,101],{"class":53},[39,130762,2845],{"class":2523},[39,130764,101],{"class":53},[39,130766,89614],{"class":97},[39,130768,1026],{"class":53},[20,130770,130771],{},[3367,130772,458],{},[30,130774,130776],{"className":32,"code":130775,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello, Chris!\n\u003Cclass 'str'>\n",[15,130777,130778,130787],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130779,130780,130782,130784],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130781,34482],{"class":45},[39,130783,61],{"class":53},[39,130785,130786],{"class":45}," Chris!\n",[39,130788,130789,130791,130793,130795,130797,130799],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130790,2914],{"class":49},[39,130792,2917],{"class":1689},[39,130794,2920],{"class":243},[39,130796,3069],{"class":247},[39,130798,629],{"class":243},[39,130800,2927],{"class":49},[20,130802,130803],{},"The original string is not changed.",[134,130805,130807,130809],{"id":130806},"format-vs-f-strings",[15,130808,125943],{}," vs f-strings",[20,130811,130812,130814],{},[15,130813,125943],{}," is a string method.",[20,130816,130817],{},"Python also has f-strings, which are another way to insert values into strings.",[20,130819,1315,130820,145],{},[15,130821,125943],{},[30,130823,130825],{"className":32,"code":130824,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(\"Hello, {}!\".format(name))\n",[15,130826,130827,130840],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130828,130829,130831,130833,130835,130838],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130830,7493],{"class":45},[39,130832,50],{"class":49},[39,130834,255],{"class":243},[39,130836,130837],{"class":247},"Rita",[39,130839,2983],{"class":243},[39,130841,130842,130844,130846,130848,130850,130852,130854,130856,130858,130860,130862,130864],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130843,113],{"class":112},[39,130845,101],{"class":53},[39,130847,244],{"class":243},[39,130849,44508],{"class":247},[39,130851,3417],{"class":57},[39,130853,89438],{"class":247},[39,130855,244],{"class":243},[39,130857,94],{"class":53},[39,130859,129662],{"class":97},[39,130861,101],{"class":53},[39,130863,7285],{"class":97},[39,130865,1026],{"class":53},[20,130867,130868],{},"Example with an f-string:",[30,130870,130872],{"className":32,"code":130871,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Rita\"\nprint(f\"Hello, {name}!\")\n",[15,130873,130874,130886],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130875,130876,130878,130880,130882,130884],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130877,7493],{"class":45},[39,130879,50],{"class":49},[39,130881,255],{"class":243},[39,130883,130837],{"class":247},[39,130885,2983],{"class":243},[39,130887,130888,130890,130892,130894,130896,130898,130900,130902,130905],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130889,113],{"class":112},[39,130891,101],{"class":53},[39,130893,21906],{"class":1689},[39,130895,42954],{"class":247},[39,130897,8890],{"class":57},[39,130899,7285],{"class":97},[39,130901,21915],{"class":57},[39,130903,130904],{"class":247},"!\"",[39,130906,80],{"class":53},[20,130908,130909],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are shorter and easier to read.",[20,130911,130912,130913,130915,130916,94],{},"This page focuses on how ",[15,130914,125943],{}," works. If you want the bigger picture, read ",[173,130917,89283],{"href":89282},[134,130919,944],{"id":943},[20,130921,130922,130923,94],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when using ",[15,130924,125943],{},[223,130926,130928],{"id":130927},"using-more-placeholders-than-values","Using more placeholders than values",[20,130930,130931],{},"This causes an error because Python cannot fill every placeholder.",[30,130933,130935],{"className":32,"code":130934,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130936,130937,130970],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130938,130939,130941,130943,130945,130947,130949,130952,130954,130956,130958,130960,130962,130964,130966,130968],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130940,34302],{"class":45},[39,130942,50],{"class":49},[39,130944,255],{"class":243},[39,130946,44508],{"class":247},[39,130948,3417],{"class":57},[39,130950,130951],{"class":57}," {}",[39,130953,89438],{"class":247},[39,130955,244],{"class":243},[39,130957,94],{"class":53},[39,130959,129662],{"class":97},[39,130961,101],{"class":53},[39,130963,244],{"class":243},[39,130965,7294],{"class":247},[39,130967,244],{"class":243},[39,130969,80],{"class":53},[39,130971,130972,130974,130976,130978],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,130973,113],{"class":112},[39,130975,101],{"class":53},[39,130977,34323],{"class":97},[39,130979,80],{"class":53},[20,130981,130982],{},"You need to pass enough values for all placeholders.",[20,130984,130985],{},"Fixed version:",[30,130987,130989],{"className":32,"code":130988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {} {}!\".format(\"Sam\", \"Lee\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,130990,130991,131032],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,130992,130993,130995,130997,130999,131001,131003,131005,131007,131009,131011,131013,131015,131017,131019,131021,131023,131025,131028,131030],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,130994,34302],{"class":45},[39,130996,50],{"class":49},[39,130998,255],{"class":243},[39,131000,44508],{"class":247},[39,131002,3417],{"class":57},[39,131004,130951],{"class":57},[39,131006,89438],{"class":247},[39,131008,244],{"class":243},[39,131010,94],{"class":53},[39,131012,129662],{"class":97},[39,131014,101],{"class":53},[39,131016,244],{"class":243},[39,131018,7294],{"class":247},[39,131020,244],{"class":243},[39,131022,61],{"class":53},[39,131024,255],{"class":243},[39,131026,131027],{"class":247},"Lee",[39,131029,244],{"class":243},[39,131031,80],{"class":53},[39,131033,131034,131036,131038,131040],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131035,113],{"class":112},[39,131037,101],{"class":53},[39,131039,34323],{"class":97},[39,131041,80],{"class":53},[223,131043,131045],{"id":131044},"using-the-wrong-placeholder-name","Using the wrong placeholder name",[20,131047,131048,131049,94],{},"The name inside the braces must match the name passed to ",[15,131050,125943],{},[20,131052,131053],{},"Problem:",[30,131055,131057],{"className":32,"code":131056,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(username=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131058,131059,131093],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131060,131061,131063,131065,131067,131069,131071,131073,131075,131077,131079,131081,131083,131085,131087,131089,131091],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131062,34302],{"class":45},[39,131064,50],{"class":49},[39,131066,255],{"class":243},[39,131068,44508],{"class":247},[39,131070,130279],{"class":57},[39,131072,89438],{"class":247},[39,131074,244],{"class":243},[39,131076,94],{"class":53},[39,131078,129662],{"class":97},[39,131080,101],{"class":53},[39,131082,7602],{"class":8788},[39,131084,50],{"class":49},[39,131086,244],{"class":243},[39,131088,7294],{"class":247},[39,131090,244],{"class":243},[39,131092,80],{"class":53},[39,131094,131095,131097,131099,131101],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131096,113],{"class":112},[39,131098,101],{"class":53},[39,131100,34323],{"class":97},[39,131102,80],{"class":53},[20,131104,130985],{},[30,131106,131108],{"className":32,"code":131107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {name}!\".format(name=\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131109,131110,131144],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131111,131112,131114,131116,131118,131120,131122,131124,131126,131128,131130,131132,131134,131136,131138,131140,131142],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131113,34302],{"class":45},[39,131115,50],{"class":49},[39,131117,255],{"class":243},[39,131119,44508],{"class":247},[39,131121,130279],{"class":57},[39,131123,89438],{"class":247},[39,131125,244],{"class":243},[39,131127,94],{"class":53},[39,131129,129662],{"class":97},[39,131131,101],{"class":53},[39,131133,7285],{"class":8788},[39,131135,50],{"class":49},[39,131137,244],{"class":243},[39,131139,7294],{"class":247},[39,131141,244],{"class":243},[39,131143,80],{"class":53},[39,131145,131146,131148,131150,131152],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131147,113],{"class":112},[39,131149,101],{"class":53},[39,131151,34323],{"class":97},[39,131153,80],{"class":53},[223,131155,1030,131157,131159],{"id":131156},"expecting-format-to-change-the-original-string",[15,131158,125943],{}," to change the original string",[20,131161,131162,131164],{},[15,131163,125943],{}," does not modify the original string.",[20,131166,131053],{},[30,131168,131170],{"className":32,"code":131169,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131171,131172,131186,131204],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131173,131174,131176,131178,131180,131182,131184],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131175,34302],{"class":45},[39,131177,50],{"class":49},[39,131179,255],{"class":243},[39,131181,44508],{"class":247},[39,131183,3417],{"class":57},[39,131185,2983],{"class":243},[39,131187,131188,131190,131192,131194,131196,131198,131200,131202],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131189,34323],{"class":45},[39,131191,94],{"class":53},[39,131193,129662],{"class":97},[39,131195,101],{"class":53},[39,131197,244],{"class":243},[39,131199,7294],{"class":247},[39,131201,244],{"class":243},[39,131203,80],{"class":53},[39,131205,131206,131208,131210,131212],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,131207,113],{"class":112},[39,131209,101],{"class":53},[39,131211,34323],{"class":97},[39,131213,80],{"class":53},[20,131215,131216],{},[3367,131217,458],{},[30,131219,131221],{"className":32,"code":131220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello, {}\n",[15,131222,131223],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131224,131225,131227,131229],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131226,34482],{"class":45},[39,131228,61],{"class":53},[39,131230,9451],{"class":53},[20,131232,130985],{},[30,131234,131236],{"className":32,"code":131235,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello, {}\"\ntext = text.format(\"Sam\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,131237,131238,131252,131274],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131239,131240,131242,131244,131246,131248,131250],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131241,34302],{"class":45},[39,131243,50],{"class":49},[39,131245,255],{"class":243},[39,131247,44508],{"class":247},[39,131249,3417],{"class":57},[39,131251,2983],{"class":243},[39,131253,131254,131256,131258,131260,131262,131264,131266,131268,131270,131272],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131255,34302],{"class":45},[39,131257,50],{"class":49},[39,131259,42449],{"class":45},[39,131261,94],{"class":53},[39,131263,129662],{"class":97},[39,131265,101],{"class":53},[39,131267,244],{"class":243},[39,131269,7294],{"class":247},[39,131271,244],{"class":243},[39,131273,80],{"class":53},[39,131275,131276,131278,131280,131282],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,131277,113],{"class":112},[39,131279,101],{"class":53},[39,131281,34323],{"class":97},[39,131283,80],{"class":53},[223,131285,4328,131287,131289],{"id":131286},"forgetting-that-format-returns-a-new-string",[15,131288,125943],{}," returns a new string",[20,131291,131292],{},"This is similar to the problem above. Always store the result if you need to use it later.",[223,131294,131296],{"id":131295},"mixing-placeholder-indexes-in-a-confusing-way","Mixing placeholder indexes in a confusing way",[20,131298,131299],{},"Numbered placeholders can be useful, but too much mixing can make the string harder to understand.",[20,131301,131302,131303,131305],{},"Use simple ",[15,131304,3417],{}," or named placeholders when possible.",[20,131307,131308,131309,94],{},"If you are trying to join strings and numbers directly, you may also see ",[173,131310,89996],{"href":89995},[134,131312,67486],{"id":67485},[20,131314,131315],{},"These simple lines can help you test what is happening:",[30,131317,131319],{"className":32,"code":131318,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(\"Hello {}\".format(\"Sam\"))\nhelp(str.format)\n",[15,131320,131321,131331,131345,131374],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131322,131323,131325,131327,131329],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131324,113],{"class":112},[39,131326,101],{"class":53},[39,131328,34323],{"class":97},[39,131330,80],{"class":53},[39,131332,131333,131335,131337,131339,131341,131343],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131334,113],{"class":112},[39,131336,101],{"class":53},[39,131338,2845],{"class":2523},[39,131340,101],{"class":53},[39,131342,155],{"class":97},[39,131344,1026],{"class":53},[39,131346,131347,131349,131351,131353,131356,131358,131360,131362,131364,131366,131368,131370,131372],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,131348,113],{"class":112},[39,131350,101],{"class":53},[39,131352,244],{"class":243},[39,131354,131355],{"class":247},"Hello ",[39,131357,3417],{"class":57},[39,131359,244],{"class":243},[39,131361,94],{"class":53},[39,131363,129662],{"class":97},[39,131365,101],{"class":53},[39,131367,244],{"class":243},[39,131369,7294],{"class":247},[39,131371,244],{"class":243},[39,131373,1026],{"class":53},[39,131375,131376,131378,131380,131382,131384,131386],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,131377,31766],{"class":112},[39,131379,101],{"class":53},[39,131381,3069],{"class":2523},[39,131383,94],{"class":53},[39,131385,129662],{"class":997},[39,131387,80],{"class":53},[20,131389,131390],{},"Use them to check:",[147,131392,131393,131396,131399,131402],{},[150,131394,131395],{},"what your string looks like before and after formatting",[150,131397,131398],{},"what type your value has",[150,131400,131401],{},"whether a small test example works",[150,131403,131404,131405],{},"Python’s built-in help for ",[15,131406,131407],{},"str.format",[134,131409,1454],{"id":1453},[223,131411,129443,131413,12327],{"id":131412},"what-does-python-string-format-return",[15,131414,125943],{},[20,131416,131417],{},"It returns a new string with the placeholders replaced.",[223,131419,131421],{"id":131420},"do-i-need-to-use-numbers-inside-the-braces","Do I need to use numbers inside the braces?",[20,131423,131424,131425,131427],{},"No. You can use plain ",[15,131426,3417],{}," for simple cases, or numbered and named placeholders when needed.",[223,131429,131431,131432,929],{"id":131430},"can-i-format-numbers-with-format","Can I format numbers with ",[15,131433,125943],{},[20,131435,131436,131437,131440],{},"Yes. A common example is ",[15,131438,131439],{},"\"{:.2f}\""," to show 2 decimal places.",[223,131442,14514,131444,131446],{"id":131443},"is-format-better-than-f-strings",[15,131445,125943],{}," better than f-strings?",[20,131448,131449,131450,131452],{},"For many beginners, f-strings are easier to read, but ",[15,131451,125943],{}," is still useful and common.",[134,131454,1514],{"id":1513},[147,131456,131457,131461,131465,131471,131477],{},[150,131458,131459],{},[173,131460,124695],{"href":50581},[150,131462,131463],{},[173,131464,90273],{"href":89282},[150,131466,131467],{},[173,131468,3202,131469,3135],{"href":46055},[15,131470,46058],{},[150,131472,131473],{},[173,131474,3202,131475,3135],{"href":41783},[15,131476,47289],{},[150,131478,131479],{},[173,131480,89996],{"href":89995},[1550,131482,131483],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srjyR, html code.shiki .srjyR{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:inherit;--shiki-default:#B31D28;--shiki-default-font-style:italic;--shiki-dark:#FDAEB7;--shiki-dark-font-style:italic}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":131485},[131486,131487,131489,131490,131491,131492,131493,131494,131496,131505,131506,131515],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":129729,"depth":83,"text":131488},"What the format() method does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":130010,"depth":83,"text":130011},{"id":130272,"depth":83,"text":130273},{"id":130503,"depth":83,"text":130504},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":130806,"depth":83,"text":131495},"format() vs f-strings",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":131497},[131498,131499,131500,131502,131504],{"id":130927,"depth":109,"text":130928},{"id":131044,"depth":109,"text":131045},{"id":131156,"depth":109,"text":131501},"Expecting format() to change the original string",{"id":131286,"depth":109,"text":131503},"Forgetting that format() returns a new string",{"id":131295,"depth":109,"text":131296},{"id":67485,"depth":83,"text":67486},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":131507},[131508,131510,131511,131513],{"id":131412,"depth":109,"text":131509},"What does Python string format() return?",{"id":131420,"depth":109,"text":131421},{"id":131430,"depth":109,"text":131512},"Can I format numbers with format()?",{"id":131443,"depth":109,"text":131514},"Is format() better than f-strings?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string format method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-format-method",{"title":129589,"description":131516},"reference\u002Fpython-string-format-method","3OFzHK3_StgzrEcYSZF3SLkvZkvBMBNZ1KeFd0x5PgM",{"id":131523,"title":131524,"body":131525,"description":133005,"extension":1587,"meta":133006,"navigation":420,"path":133007,"seo":133008,"stem":133009,"__hash__":133010},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method.md","Python String index() Method",{"type":7,"value":131526,"toc":132977},[131527,131532,131537,131542,131544,131606,131613,131619,131624,131626,131642,131644,131715,131717,131731,131734,131784,131786,131788,131815,131818,131833,131836,131877,131880,131925,131932,131981,131983,131991,131993,132011,132013,132106,132114,132155,132160,132167,132173,132180,132183,132187,132288,132290,132312,132316,132369,132372,132375,132381,132388,132390,132429,132431,132449,132459,132466,132549,132552,132559,132566,132573,132577,132585,132631,132635,132644,132709,132714,132719,132730,132732,132737,132764,132766,132869,132872,132892,132894,132899,132902,132906,132910,132917,132926,132932,132935,132941,132943,132945,132974],[10,131528,122940,131530,18],{"id":131529},"python-string-index-method",[15,131531,1302],{},[20,131533,122945,131534,131536],{},[15,131535,1302],{}," method returns the position of the first match inside a string.",[20,131538,131539,131540,94],{},"Use it when you want to find where a character or substring appears, and you expect that value to be present. If Python cannot find the value, it raises a ",[15,131541,40315],{},[134,131543,1629],{"id":1628},[30,131545,131547],{"className":32,"code":131546,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nposition = text.index(\"world\")\nprint(position)\n\n# Output:\n# 6\n",[15,131548,131549,131561,131583,131593,131597,131601],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131550,131551,131553,131555,131557,131559],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131552,34302],{"class":45},[39,131554,50],{"class":49},[39,131556,255],{"class":243},[39,131558,59997],{"class":247},[39,131560,2983],{"class":243},[39,131562,131563,131565,131567,131569,131571,131573,131575,131577,131579,131581],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131564,64511],{"class":45},[39,131566,50],{"class":49},[39,131568,42449],{"class":45},[39,131570,94],{"class":53},[39,131572,1431],{"class":97},[39,131574,101],{"class":53},[39,131576,244],{"class":243},[39,131578,60182],{"class":247},[39,131580,244],{"class":243},[39,131582,80],{"class":53},[39,131584,131585,131587,131589,131591],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,131586,113],{"class":112},[39,131588,101],{"class":53},[39,131590,64538],{"class":97},[39,131592,80],{"class":53},[39,131594,131595],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,131596,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,131598,131599],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,131600,90414],{"class":124},[39,131602,131603],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,131604,131605],{"class":124},"# 6\n",[20,131607,128,131608,131610,131611,94],{},[15,131609,1302],{}," when you want the position of a substring and expect it to exist. If the value is missing, Python raises a ",[15,131612,40315],{},[134,131614,137,131616,140],{"id":131615},"what-strindex-does",[15,131617,131618],{},"str.index()",[20,131620,131621,131623],{},[15,131622,131618],{}," searches a string and gives back the position of the first match.",[20,131625,12664],{},[147,131627,131628,131631,131634,131637],{},[150,131629,131630],{},"It returns the position of the first match in a string",[150,131632,131633],{},"It works with a single character or a longer substring",[150,131635,131636],{},"The search is case-sensitive",[150,131638,29906,131639,131641],{},[15,131640,40315],{}," if the substring is not found",[20,131643,515],{},[30,131645,131647],{"className":32,"code":131646,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))     # 1\nprint(text.index(\"na\"))    # 2\n",[15,131648,131649,131661,131665,131690],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131650,131651,131653,131655,131657,131659],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131652,34302],{"class":45},[39,131654,50],{"class":49},[39,131656,255],{"class":243},[39,131658,386],{"class":247},[39,131660,2983],{"class":243},[39,131662,131663],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131664,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,131666,131667,131669,131671,131673,131675,131677,131679,131681,131683,131685,131687],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,131668,113],{"class":112},[39,131670,101],{"class":53},[39,131672,34323],{"class":97},[39,131674,94],{"class":53},[39,131676,1431],{"class":97},[39,131678,101],{"class":53},[39,131680,244],{"class":243},[39,131682,173],{"class":247},[39,131684,244],{"class":243},[39,131686,303],{"class":53},[39,131688,131689],{"class":124},"     # 1\n",[39,131691,131692,131694,131696,131698,131700,131702,131704,131706,131708,131710,131712],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,131693,113],{"class":112},[39,131695,101],{"class":53},[39,131697,34323],{"class":97},[39,131699,94],{"class":53},[39,131701,1431],{"class":97},[39,131703,101],{"class":53},[39,131705,244],{"class":243},[39,131707,123033],{"class":247},[39,131709,244],{"class":243},[39,131711,303],{"class":53},[39,131713,131714],{"class":124},"    # 2\n",[20,131716,1803],{},[147,131718,131719,131725],{},[150,131720,131721,128153,131723],{},[15,131722,17708],{},[15,131724,58],{},[150,131726,131727,128153,131729],{},[15,131728,128152],{},[15,131730,104],{},[20,131732,131733],{},"Case sensitivity matters:",[30,131735,131737],{"className":32,"code":131736,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"H\"))   # 0\n# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[15,131738,131739,131751,131755,131779],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131740,131741,131743,131745,131747,131749],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131742,34302],{"class":45},[39,131744,50],{"class":49},[39,131746,255],{"class":243},[39,131748,34482],{"class":247},[39,131750,2983],{"class":243},[39,131752,131753],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131754,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,131756,131757,131759,131761,131763,131765,131767,131769,131771,131773,131775,131777],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,131758,113],{"class":112},[39,131760,101],{"class":53},[39,131762,34323],{"class":97},[39,131764,94],{"class":53},[39,131766,1431],{"class":97},[39,131768,101],{"class":53},[39,131770,244],{"class":243},[39,131772,50796],{"class":247},[39,131774,244],{"class":243},[39,131776,303],{"class":53},[39,131778,20380],{"class":124},[39,131780,131781],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,131782,131783],{"class":124},"# print(text.index(\"h\")) # ValueError\n",[134,131785,1781],{"id":1780},[20,131787,1784],{},[30,131789,131791],{"className":32,"code":131790,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,131792,131793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131794,131795,131797,131799,131801,131803,131805,131807,131809,131811,131813],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131796,60765],{"class":45},[39,131798,94],{"class":53},[39,131800,1431],{"class":97},[39,131802,101],{"class":53},[39,131804,155],{"class":97},[39,131806,61],{"class":53},[39,131808,35666],{"class":97},[39,131810,61],{"class":53},[39,131812,64632],{"class":97},[39,131814,80],{"class":53},[20,131816,131817],{},"Parameters:",[147,131819,131820,131824,131828],{},[150,131821,131822,123132],{},[15,131823,155],{},[150,131825,131826,128199],{},[15,131827,35687],{},[150,131829,131830,131832],{},[15,131831,52263],{},": optional stopping position",[20,131834,131835],{},"You can use just the value:",[30,131837,131839],{"className":32,"code":131838,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"python\"\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,131840,131841,131853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131842,131843,131845,131847,131849,131851],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131844,34302],{"class":45},[39,131846,50],{"class":49},[39,131848,255],{"class":243},[39,131850,34],{"class":247},[39,131852,2983],{"class":243},[39,131854,131855,131857,131859,131861,131863,131865,131867,131869,131871,131873,131875],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131856,113],{"class":112},[39,131858,101],{"class":53},[39,131860,34323],{"class":97},[39,131862,94],{"class":53},[39,131864,1431],{"class":97},[39,131866,101],{"class":53},[39,131868,244],{"class":243},[39,131870,62878],{"class":247},[39,131872,244],{"class":243},[39,131874,303],{"class":53},[39,131876,1122],{"class":124},[20,131878,131879],{},"Or include a start position:",[30,131881,131883],{"className":32,"code":131882,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))  # 3\n",[15,131884,131885,131897],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131886,131887,131889,131891,131893,131895],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131888,34302],{"class":45},[39,131890,50],{"class":49},[39,131892,255],{"class":243},[39,131894,386],{"class":247},[39,131896,2983],{"class":243},[39,131898,131899,131901,131903,131905,131907,131909,131911,131913,131915,131917,131919,131921,131923],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131900,113],{"class":112},[39,131902,101],{"class":53},[39,131904,34323],{"class":97},[39,131906,94],{"class":53},[39,131908,1431],{"class":97},[39,131910,101],{"class":53},[39,131912,244],{"class":243},[39,131914,173],{"class":247},[39,131916,244],{"class":243},[39,131918,61],{"class":53},[39,131920,64],{"class":57},[39,131922,303],{"class":53},[39,131924,125],{"class":124},[20,131926,131927,131928,796,131930,145],{},"Or include both ",[15,131929,35687],{},[15,131931,52263],{},[30,131933,131935],{"className":32,"code":131934,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2, 5))  # 3\n",[15,131936,131937,131949],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,131938,131939,131941,131943,131945,131947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,131940,34302],{"class":45},[39,131942,50],{"class":49},[39,131944,255],{"class":243},[39,131946,386],{"class":247},[39,131948,2983],{"class":243},[39,131950,131951,131953,131955,131957,131959,131961,131963,131965,131967,131969,131971,131973,131975,131977,131979],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,131952,113],{"class":112},[39,131954,101],{"class":53},[39,131956,34323],{"class":97},[39,131958,94],{"class":53},[39,131960,1431],{"class":97},[39,131962,101],{"class":53},[39,131964,244],{"class":243},[39,131966,173],{"class":247},[39,131968,244],{"class":243},[39,131970,61],{"class":53},[39,131972,64],{"class":57},[39,131974,61],{"class":53},[39,131976,4228],{"class":57},[39,131978,303],{"class":53},[39,131980,125],{"class":124},[134,131982,483],{"id":482},[20,131984,28320,131985,131987,131988,94],{},[15,131986,1302],{}," is a ",[3367,131989,131990],{},"zero-based index",[20,131992,1731],{},[147,131994,131995,132001,132006],{},[150,131996,131997,131998,132000],{},"Index ",[15,131999,221],{}," is the first character",[150,132002,131997,132003,132005],{},[15,132004,58],{}," is the second character",[150,132007,131997,132008,132010],{},[15,132009,104],{}," is the third character",[20,132012,515],{},[30,132014,132016],{"className":32,"code":132015,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"c\"))  # 0\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\nprint(text.index(\"t\"))  # 2\n",[15,132017,132018,132030,132034,132058,132082],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132019,132020,132022,132024,132026,132028],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132021,34302],{"class":45},[39,132023,50],{"class":49},[39,132025,255],{"class":243},[39,132027,839],{"class":247},[39,132029,2983],{"class":243},[39,132031,132032],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132033,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,132035,132036,132038,132040,132042,132044,132046,132048,132050,132052,132054,132056],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,132037,113],{"class":112},[39,132039,101],{"class":53},[39,132041,34323],{"class":97},[39,132043,94],{"class":53},[39,132045,1431],{"class":97},[39,132047,101],{"class":53},[39,132049,244],{"class":243},[39,132051,9352],{"class":247},[39,132053,244],{"class":243},[39,132055,303],{"class":53},[39,132057,332],{"class":124},[39,132059,132060,132062,132064,132066,132068,132070,132072,132074,132076,132078,132080],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,132061,113],{"class":112},[39,132063,101],{"class":53},[39,132065,34323],{"class":97},[39,132067,94],{"class":53},[39,132069,1431],{"class":97},[39,132071,101],{"class":53},[39,132073,244],{"class":243},[39,132075,173],{"class":247},[39,132077,244],{"class":243},[39,132079,303],{"class":53},[39,132081,894],{"class":124},[39,132083,132084,132086,132088,132090,132092,132094,132096,132098,132100,132102,132104],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,132085,113],{"class":112},[39,132087,101],{"class":53},[39,132089,34323],{"class":97},[39,132091,94],{"class":53},[39,132093,1431],{"class":97},[39,132095,101],{"class":53},[39,132097,244],{"class":243},[39,132099,62878],{"class":247},[39,132101,244],{"class":243},[39,132103,303],{"class":53},[39,132105,1122],{"class":124},[20,132107,132108,132110,132111,132113],{},[15,132109,1302],{}," returns only the ",[3367,132112,29521],{}," matching position.",[30,132115,132117],{"className":32,"code":132116,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))  # 1\n",[15,132118,132119,132131],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132120,132121,132123,132125,132127,132129],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132122,34302],{"class":45},[39,132124,50],{"class":49},[39,132126,255],{"class":243},[39,132128,386],{"class":247},[39,132130,2983],{"class":243},[39,132132,132133,132135,132137,132139,132141,132143,132145,132147,132149,132151,132153],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132134,113],{"class":112},[39,132136,101],{"class":53},[39,132138,34323],{"class":97},[39,132140,94],{"class":53},[39,132142,1431],{"class":97},[39,132144,101],{"class":53},[39,132146,244],{"class":243},[39,132148,173],{"class":247},[39,132150,244],{"class":243},[39,132152,303],{"class":53},[39,132154,894],{"class":124},[20,132156,20590,132157,132159],{},[15,132158,17708],{}," appears more than once, the method returns only the first match.",[20,132161,132162,132163,94],{},"If you need to count matches instead, see the ",[173,132164,132165,1533],{"href":124390},[15,132166,58186],{},[134,132168,948,132169,796,132171],{"id":64997},[15,132170,35687],{},[15,132172,52263],{},[20,132174,1604,132175,796,132177,132179],{},[15,132176,35687],{},[15,132178,52263],{}," arguments let you search only part of the string.",[20,132181,132182],{},"This is useful when the same text appears more than once.",[20,132184,1315,132185,145],{},[15,132186,35687],{},[30,132188,132190],{"className":32,"code":132189,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"a\"))      # 1\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 2))   # 3\nprint(text.index(\"a\", 4))   # 5\n",[15,132191,132192,132204,132208,132232,132260],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132193,132194,132196,132198,132200,132202],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132195,34302],{"class":45},[39,132197,50],{"class":49},[39,132199,255],{"class":243},[39,132201,386],{"class":247},[39,132203,2983],{"class":243},[39,132205,132206],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132207,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,132209,132210,132212,132214,132216,132218,132220,132222,132224,132226,132228,132230],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,132211,113],{"class":112},[39,132213,101],{"class":53},[39,132215,34323],{"class":97},[39,132217,94],{"class":53},[39,132219,1431],{"class":97},[39,132221,101],{"class":53},[39,132223,244],{"class":243},[39,132225,173],{"class":247},[39,132227,244],{"class":243},[39,132229,303],{"class":53},[39,132231,50725],{"class":124},[39,132233,132234,132236,132238,132240,132242,132244,132246,132248,132250,132252,132254,132256,132258],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,132235,113],{"class":112},[39,132237,101],{"class":53},[39,132239,34323],{"class":97},[39,132241,94],{"class":53},[39,132243,1431],{"class":97},[39,132245,101],{"class":53},[39,132247,244],{"class":243},[39,132249,173],{"class":247},[39,132251,244],{"class":243},[39,132253,61],{"class":53},[39,132255,64],{"class":57},[39,132257,303],{"class":53},[39,132259,50575],{"class":124},[39,132261,132262,132264,132266,132268,132270,132272,132274,132276,132278,132280,132282,132284,132286],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,132263,113],{"class":112},[39,132265,101],{"class":53},[39,132267,34323],{"class":97},[39,132269,94],{"class":53},[39,132271,1431],{"class":97},[39,132273,101],{"class":53},[39,132275,244],{"class":243},[39,132277,173],{"class":247},[39,132279,244],{"class":243},[39,132281,61],{"class":53},[39,132283,2080],{"class":57},[39,132285,303],{"class":53},[39,132287,50360],{"class":124},[20,132289,335],{},[147,132291,132292,132299,132305],{},[150,132293,132294,132295,65187,132297],{},"The first search finds the first ",[15,132296,17708],{},[15,132298,58],{},[150,132300,132301,132302,132304],{},"Starting at index ",[15,132303,104],{}," skips that first match",[150,132306,132301,132307,132309,132310],{},[15,132308,1333],{}," finds the last ",[15,132311,17708],{},[20,132313,1315,132314,145],{},[15,132315,52263],{},[30,132317,132319],{"className":32,"code":132318,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\n\nprint(text.index(\"n\", 0, 4))  # 2\n",[15,132320,132321,132333,132337],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132322,132323,132325,132327,132329,132331],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132324,34302],{"class":45},[39,132326,50],{"class":49},[39,132328,255],{"class":243},[39,132330,386],{"class":247},[39,132332,2983],{"class":243},[39,132334,132335],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132336,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,132338,132339,132341,132343,132345,132347,132349,132351,132353,132355,132357,132359,132361,132363,132365,132367],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,132340,113],{"class":112},[39,132342,101],{"class":53},[39,132344,34323],{"class":97},[39,132346,94],{"class":53},[39,132348,1431],{"class":97},[39,132350,101],{"class":53},[39,132352,244],{"class":243},[39,132354,75620],{"class":247},[39,132356,244],{"class":243},[39,132358,61],{"class":53},[39,132360,3458],{"class":57},[39,132362,61],{"class":53},[39,132364,2080],{"class":57},[39,132366,303],{"class":53},[39,132368,1122],{"class":124},[20,132370,132371],{},"This searches only within part of the string.",[20,132373,132374],{},"One important detail: the returned index still refers to the original string, not a smaller temporary section.",[134,132376,43819,132378,132380],{"id":132377},"when-index-causes-an-error",[15,132379,1302],{}," causes an error",[20,132382,132383,132384,52097,132386,94],{},"If the substring is not found, ",[15,132385,1302],{},[15,132387,40315],{},[20,132389,515],{},[30,132391,132393],{"className":32,"code":132392,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"z\"))\n",[15,132394,132395,132407],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132396,132397,132399,132401,132403,132405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132398,34302],{"class":45},[39,132400,50],{"class":49},[39,132402,255],{"class":243},[39,132404,3470],{"class":247},[39,132406,2983],{"class":243},[39,132408,132409,132411,132413,132415,132417,132419,132421,132423,132425,132427],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132410,113],{"class":112},[39,132412,101],{"class":53},[39,132414,34323],{"class":97},[39,132416,94],{"class":53},[39,132418,1431],{"class":97},[39,132420,101],{"class":53},[39,132422,244],{"class":243},[39,132424,21689],{"class":247},[39,132426,244],{"class":243},[39,132428,1026],{"class":53},[20,132430,458],{},[30,132432,132434],{"className":32,"code":132433,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ValueError: substring not found\n",[15,132435,132436],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132437,132438,132440,132442,132445,132447],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132439,40315],{"class":2523},[39,132441,145],{"class":53},[39,132443,132444],{"class":45}," substring ",[39,132446,4254],{"class":49},[39,132448,65420],{"class":45},[20,132450,52943,132451,125906,132456,132458],{},[173,132452,132453],{"href":129583},[15,132454,132455],{},"str.find()",[15,132457,65445],{}," instead of raising an error.",[20,132460,132461,132462,796,132464,145],{},"If the value may not exist, use ",[15,132463,29416],{},[15,132465,29447],{},[30,132467,132469],{"className":32,"code":132468,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\n\ntry:\n    position = text.index(\"z\")\n    print(position)\nexcept ValueError:\n    print(\"Substring not found\")\n",[15,132470,132471,132483,132487,132493,132516,132526,132534],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132472,132473,132475,132477,132479,132481],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132474,34302],{"class":45},[39,132476,50],{"class":49},[39,132478,255],{"class":243},[39,132480,3470],{"class":247},[39,132482,2983],{"class":243},[39,132484,132485],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132486,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,132488,132489,132491],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,132490,29416],{"class":572},[39,132492,598],{"class":53},[39,132494,132495,132498,132500,132502,132504,132506,132508,132510,132512,132514],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,132496,132497],{"class":45},"    position ",[39,132499,50],{"class":49},[39,132501,42449],{"class":45},[39,132503,94],{"class":53},[39,132505,1431],{"class":97},[39,132507,101],{"class":53},[39,132509,244],{"class":243},[39,132511,21689],{"class":247},[39,132513,244],{"class":243},[39,132515,80],{"class":53},[39,132517,132518,132520,132522,132524],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,132519,603],{"class":112},[39,132521,101],{"class":53},[39,132523,64538],{"class":97},[39,132525,80],{"class":53},[39,132527,132528,132530,132532],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,132529,29447],{"class":572},[39,132531,41535],{"class":2523},[39,132533,598],{"class":53},[39,132535,132536,132538,132540,132542,132545,132547],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,132537,603],{"class":112},[39,132539,101],{"class":53},[39,132541,244],{"class":243},[39,132543,132544],{"class":247},"Substring not found",[39,132546,244],{"class":243},[39,132548,80],{"class":53},[20,132550,132551],{},"This helps your program continue running.",[20,132553,41555,132554,94],{},[173,132555,25291,132557],{"href":132556},"\u002Ferrors\u002Fvalueerror-substring-not-found-fix",[15,132558,128910],{},[134,132560,132562,10198,132564],{"id":132561},"index-vs-find",[15,132563,1302],{},[15,132565,123935],{},[20,132567,132568,796,132570,132572],{},[15,132569,1302],{},[15,132571,123935],{}," are very similar, but they behave differently when no match is found.",[223,132574,132575],{"id":1431},[15,132576,1302],{},[147,132578,132579,132582],{},[150,132580,132581],{},"Returns the first match position",[150,132583,132584],{},"Raises an error if nothing is found",[30,132586,132588],{"className":32,"code":132587,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.index(\"e\"))  # 1\n# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[15,132589,132590,132602,132626],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132591,132592,132594,132596,132598,132600],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132593,34302],{"class":45},[39,132595,50],{"class":49},[39,132597,255],{"class":243},[39,132599,3470],{"class":247},[39,132601,2983],{"class":243},[39,132603,132604,132606,132608,132610,132612,132614,132616,132618,132620,132622,132624],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132605,113],{"class":112},[39,132607,101],{"class":53},[39,132609,34323],{"class":97},[39,132611,94],{"class":53},[39,132613,1431],{"class":97},[39,132615,101],{"class":53},[39,132617,244],{"class":243},[39,132619,60038],{"class":247},[39,132621,244],{"class":243},[39,132623,303],{"class":53},[39,132625,894],{"class":124},[39,132627,132628],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,132629,132630],{"class":124},"# print(text.index(\"z\"))  # ValueError\n",[223,132632,132633],{"id":127965},[15,132634,123935],{},[147,132636,132637,132639],{},[150,132638,132581],{},[150,132640,494,132641,132643],{},[15,132642,65445],{}," if nothing is found",[30,132645,132647],{"className":32,"code":132646,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.find(\"e\"))  # 1\nprint(text.find(\"z\"))  # -1\n",[15,132648,132649,132661,132685],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132650,132651,132653,132655,132657,132659],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132652,34302],{"class":45},[39,132654,50],{"class":49},[39,132656,255],{"class":243},[39,132658,3470],{"class":247},[39,132660,2983],{"class":243},[39,132662,132663,132665,132667,132669,132671,132673,132675,132677,132679,132681,132683],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132664,113],{"class":112},[39,132666,101],{"class":53},[39,132668,34323],{"class":97},[39,132670,94],{"class":53},[39,132672,127965],{"class":97},[39,132674,101],{"class":53},[39,132676,244],{"class":243},[39,132678,60038],{"class":247},[39,132680,244],{"class":243},[39,132682,303],{"class":53},[39,132684,894],{"class":124},[39,132686,132687,132689,132691,132693,132695,132697,132699,132701,132703,132705,132707],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,132688,113],{"class":112},[39,132690,101],{"class":53},[39,132692,34323],{"class":97},[39,132694,94],{"class":53},[39,132696,127965],{"class":97},[39,132698,101],{"class":53},[39,132700,244],{"class":243},[39,132702,21689],{"class":247},[39,132704,244],{"class":243},[39,132706,303],{"class":53},[39,132708,128321],{"class":124},[20,132710,128,132711,132713],{},[15,132712,1302],{}," when missing data should be treated as a problem.",[20,132715,128,132716,132718],{},[15,132717,123935],{}," when you want to check safely without an exception.",[20,132720,132721,132722,177,132727,94],{},"For a full comparison, see the ",[173,132723,132724,132726],{"href":129583},[15,132725,132455],{}," method reference",[173,132728,126976],{"href":132729},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-check-if-a-string-contains-a-substring-in-python",[134,132731,944],{"id":943},[20,132733,132734,132735,145],{},"Beginners often run into these problems when using ",[15,132736,1302],{},[147,132738,132739,132742,132749,132754,132759],{},[150,132740,132741],{},"Searching for text with the wrong uppercase or lowercase letters",[150,132743,1030,132744,1033,132746,132748],{},[15,132745,1302],{},[15,132747,65445],{}," when no match exists",[150,132750,948,132751,132753],{},[15,132752,1302],{}," on a value that may not be present",[150,132755,132756,132757],{},"Confusing character position with human counting starting at ",[15,132758,58],{},[150,132760,4202,132761,132763],{},[15,132762,1302],{}," returns every match instead of the first one",[20,132765,61886],{},[30,132767,132769],{"className":32,"code":132768,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.index(\"value\"))\nprint(text.find(\"value\"))\nprint(text.index(\"value\", start, end))\n",[15,132770,132771,132781,132795,132817,132839],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,132772,132773,132775,132777,132779],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,132774,113],{"class":112},[39,132776,101],{"class":53},[39,132778,34323],{"class":97},[39,132780,80],{"class":53},[39,132782,132783,132785,132787,132789,132791,132793],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,132784,113],{"class":112},[39,132786,101],{"class":53},[39,132788,41388],{"class":112},[39,132790,101],{"class":53},[39,132792,34323],{"class":97},[39,132794,1026],{"class":53},[39,132796,132797,132799,132801,132803,132805,132807,132809,132811,132813,132815],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,132798,113],{"class":112},[39,132800,101],{"class":53},[39,132802,34323],{"class":97},[39,132804,94],{"class":53},[39,132806,1431],{"class":97},[39,132808,101],{"class":53},[39,132810,244],{"class":243},[39,132812,155],{"class":247},[39,132814,244],{"class":243},[39,132816,1026],{"class":53},[39,132818,132819,132821,132823,132825,132827,132829,132831,132833,132835,132837],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,132820,113],{"class":112},[39,132822,101],{"class":53},[39,132824,34323],{"class":97},[39,132826,94],{"class":53},[39,132828,127965],{"class":97},[39,132830,101],{"class":53},[39,132832,244],{"class":243},[39,132834,155],{"class":247},[39,132836,244],{"class":243},[39,132838,1026],{"class":53},[39,132840,132841,132843,132845,132847,132849,132851,132853,132855,132857,132859,132861,132863,132865,132867],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,132842,113],{"class":112},[39,132844,101],{"class":53},[39,132846,34323],{"class":97},[39,132848,94],{"class":53},[39,132850,1431],{"class":97},[39,132852,101],{"class":53},[39,132854,244],{"class":243},[39,132856,155],{"class":247},[39,132858,244],{"class":243},[39,132860,61],{"class":53},[39,132862,35666],{"class":97},[39,132864,61],{"class":53},[39,132866,64632],{"class":97},[39,132868,1026],{"class":53},[20,132870,132871],{},"Tips:",[147,132873,132874,132879,132884,132887],{},[150,132875,128,132876,132878],{},[15,132877,125862],{}," to spot spaces or hidden characters",[150,132880,128,132881,132883],{},[15,132882,123935],{}," if you want to test first without raising an error",[150,132885,132886],{},"Double-check uppercase and lowercase letters",[150,132888,132889,132890],{},"Remember that Python starts counting at ",[15,132891,221],{},[134,132893,1454],{"id":1453},[223,132895,129443,132897,12327],{"id":132896},"what-does-python-string-index-return",[15,132898,1302],{},[20,132900,132901],{},"It returns the zero-based position of the first match in the string.",[223,132903,132905],{"id":132904},"what-happens-if-the-substring-is-not-found","What happens if the substring is not found?",[20,132907,76448,132908,94],{},[15,132909,40315],{},[223,132911,1497,132913,796,132915,929],{"id":132912},"what-is-the-difference-between-index-and-find",[15,132914,1302],{},[15,132916,123935],{},[20,132918,132919,132921,132922,476,132924,6247],{},[15,132920,1302],{}," raises an error if nothing is found. ",[15,132923,123935],{},[15,132925,65445],{},[223,132927,1487,132929,132931],{"id":132928},"can-index-search-for-more-than-one-character",[15,132930,1302],{}," search for more than one character?",[20,132933,132934],{},"Yes. It can search for a substring, not just a single character.",[223,132936,132938,132939,124276],{"id":132937},"is-string-index-case-sensitive","Is string ",[15,132940,1302],{},[20,132942,129468],{},[134,132944,1514],{"id":1513},[147,132946,132947,132953,132957,132962,132968],{},[150,132948,132949],{},[173,132950,132951,1533],{"href":129583},[15,132952,132455],{},[150,132954,132955],{},[173,132956,124339],{"href":132729},[150,132958,132959],{},[173,132960,129544],{"href":132961},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-split-a-string-in-python",[150,132963,132964],{},[173,132965,132966,1533],{"href":124390},[15,132967,58186],{},[150,132969,132970],{},[173,132971,29960,132972],{"href":132556},[15,132973,128910],{},[1550,132975,132976],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":132978},[132979,132980,132982,132983,132984,132985,132987,132992,132993,133004],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":131615,"depth":83,"text":132981},"What str.index() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":482,"depth":83,"text":483},{"id":64997,"depth":83,"text":65780},{"id":132377,"depth":83,"text":132986},"When index() causes an error",{"id":132561,"depth":83,"text":132988,"children":132989},"index() vs find()",[132990,132991],{"id":1431,"depth":109,"text":1302},{"id":127965,"depth":109,"text":123935},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":132994},[132995,132997,132998,133000,133002],{"id":132896,"depth":109,"text":132996},"What does Python string index() return?",{"id":132904,"depth":109,"text":132905},{"id":132912,"depth":109,"text":132999},"What is the difference between index() and find()?",{"id":132928,"depth":109,"text":133001},"Can index() search for more than one character?",{"id":132937,"depth":109,"text":133003},"Is string index() case-sensitive?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-index-method",{"title":131524,"description":133005},"reference\u002Fpython-string-index-method","R1ztM7XUbXLB6x68q72-dPTbtnrYXmbHumYw459ZPYA",{"id":133012,"title":133013,"body":133014,"description":135789,"extension":1587,"meta":135790,"navigation":420,"path":135791,"seo":135792,"stem":135793,"__hash__":135794},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method.md","Python String join() Method",{"type":7,"value":133015,"toc":135725},[133016,133022,133027,133030,133033,133044,133046,133115,133117,133131,133136,133141,133146,133148,133191,133193,133276,133278,133324,133330,133332,133334,133354,133356,133379,133381,133455,133457,133476,133481,133483,133487,133559,133561,133575,133579,133655,133657,133676,133680,133774,133776,133785,133792,133868,133870,133888,133892,133895,133902,133951,133953,133962,133969,134028,134030,134048,134051,134058,134117,134119,134137,134144,134201,134203,134212,134216,134221,134225,134284,134286,134304,134308,134355,134360,134363,134432,134434,134451,134458,134464,134519,134524,134527,134604,134606,134624,134630,134636,134696,134698,134717,134723,134726,134733,134786,134791,134793,134854,134863,134870,134872,134929,134934,134936,135007,135011,135066,135068,135077,135082,135088,135157,135159,135191,135197,135205,135212,135218,135283,135285,135294,135300,135381,135383,135392,135397,135411,135418,135422,135427,135455,135457,135590,135593,135630,135632,135638,135647,135652,135655,135660,135665,135671,135674,135683,135686,135688,135717,135722],[10,133017,122940,133019,18],{"id":133018},"python-string-join-method",[15,133020,133021],{},"join()",[20,133023,122945,133024,133026],{},[15,133025,133021],{}," method combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133028,133029],{},"It is useful when you have a list or tuple of text values and want to join them with a separator such as a space, comma, dash, or nothing at all.",[20,133031,133032],{},"A key rule to remember is this:",[147,133034,133035,133041],{},[150,133036,133037,133038,133040],{},"You call ",[15,133039,133021],{}," on the separator string",[150,133042,133043],{},"Every item you join must already be a string",[134,133045,3235],{"id":3234},[30,133047,133049],{"className":32,"code":133048,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\nprint(result)\n",[15,133050,133051,133084,133105],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133052,133053,133055,133057,133059,133061,133063,133065,133067,133069,133071,133073,133075,133077,133080,133082],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133054,1191],{"class":45},[39,133056,50],{"class":49},[39,133058,3249],{"class":53},[39,133060,244],{"class":243},[39,133062,6913],{"class":247},[39,133064,244],{"class":243},[39,133066,61],{"class":53},[39,133068,255],{"class":243},[39,133070,11805],{"class":247},[39,133072,244],{"class":243},[39,133074,61],{"class":53},[39,133076,255],{"class":243},[39,133078,133079],{"class":247},"fun",[39,133081,244],{"class":243},[39,133083,3262],{"class":53},[39,133085,133086,133088,133090,133092,133094,133096,133099,133101,133103],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133087,86],{"class":45},[39,133089,50],{"class":49},[39,133091,255],{"class":243},[39,133093,255],{"class":243},[39,133095,94],{"class":53},[39,133097,133098],{"class":97},"join",[39,133100,101],{"class":53},[39,133102,1229],{"class":97},[39,133104,80],{"class":53},[39,133106,133107,133109,133111,133113],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,133108,113],{"class":112},[39,133110,101],{"class":53},[39,133112,118],{"class":97},[39,133114,80],{"class":53},[20,133116,458],{},[30,133118,133120],{"className":32,"code":133119,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Python is fun\n",[15,133121,133122],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133123,133124,133126,133128],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133125,3202],{"class":45},[39,133127,11805],{"class":49},[39,133129,133130],{"class":45}," fun\n",[20,133132,128,133133,133135],{},[15,133134,133021],{}," on the separator string. Every item in the iterable must be a string.",[134,133137,137,133139,140],{"id":133138},"what-join-does",[15,133140,133021],{},[20,133142,133143,133145],{},[15,133144,133021],{}," combines multiple strings into one string.",[20,133147,11071],{},[147,133149,133150,133157,133185,133188],{},[150,133151,133152,133153,133156],{},"It uses the string before ",[15,133154,133155],{},".join()"," as the separator",[150,133158,133159,133160],{},"Common separators are:\n",[147,133161,133162,133168,133174,133180],{},[150,133163,133164,133167],{},[15,133165,133166],{},"\" \""," for spaces",[150,133169,133170,133173],{},[15,133171,133172],{},"\", \""," for commas",[150,133175,133176,133179],{},[15,133177,133178],{},"\"-\""," for dashes",[150,133181,133182,133184],{},[15,133183,5887],{}," for no separator",[150,133186,133187],{},"It returns a new string",[150,133189,133190],{},"It does not change the original list or tuple",[20,133192,515],{},[30,133194,133196],{"className":32,"code":133195,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\"]\nresult = \", \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(words)\n",[15,133197,133198,133230,133252,133256,133266],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133199,133200,133202,133204,133206,133208,133210,133212,133214,133216,133218,133220,133222,133224,133226,133228],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133201,1191],{"class":45},[39,133203,50],{"class":49},[39,133205,3249],{"class":53},[39,133207,244],{"class":243},[39,133209,248],{"class":247},[39,133211,244],{"class":243},[39,133213,61],{"class":53},[39,133215,255],{"class":243},[39,133217,275],{"class":247},[39,133219,244],{"class":243},[39,133221,61],{"class":53},[39,133223,255],{"class":243},[39,133225,258],{"class":247},[39,133227,244],{"class":243},[39,133229,3262],{"class":53},[39,133231,133232,133234,133236,133238,133240,133242,133244,133246,133248,133250],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133233,86],{"class":45},[39,133235,50],{"class":49},[39,133237,255],{"class":243},[39,133239,1814],{"class":247},[39,133241,244],{"class":243},[39,133243,94],{"class":53},[39,133245,133098],{"class":97},[39,133247,101],{"class":53},[39,133249,1229],{"class":97},[39,133251,80],{"class":53},[39,133253,133254],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,133255,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,133257,133258,133260,133262,133264],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,133259,113],{"class":112},[39,133261,101],{"class":53},[39,133263,118],{"class":97},[39,133265,80],{"class":53},[39,133267,133268,133270,133272,133274],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,133269,113],{"class":112},[39,133271,101],{"class":53},[39,133273,1229],{"class":97},[39,133275,80],{"class":53},[20,133277,458],{},[30,133279,133281],{"className":32,"code":133280,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red, green, blue\n['red', 'green', 'blue']\n",[15,133282,133283,133296],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133284,133285,133287,133289,133292,133294],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133286,248],{"class":45},[39,133288,61],{"class":53},[39,133290,133291],{"class":45}," green",[39,133293,61],{"class":53},[39,133295,35495],{"class":45},[39,133297,133298,133300,133302,133304,133306,133308,133310,133312,133314,133316,133318,133320,133322],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133299,3525],{"class":53},[39,133301,629],{"class":243},[39,133303,248],{"class":247},[39,133305,629],{"class":243},[39,133307,61],{"class":53},[39,133309,2920],{"class":243},[39,133311,275],{"class":247},[39,133313,629],{"class":243},[39,133315,61],{"class":53},[39,133317,2920],{"class":243},[39,133319,258],{"class":247},[39,133321,629],{"class":243},[39,133323,3262],{"class":53},[20,133325,133326,133327,133329],{},"The list stays the same. ",[15,133328,133021],{}," creates a new string.",[134,133331,1781],{"id":1780},[20,133333,6834],{},[30,133335,133337],{"className":32,"code":133336,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"separator.join(iterable)\n",[15,133338,133339],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133340,133341,133344,133346,133348,133350,133352],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133342,133343],{"class":45},"separator",[39,133345,94],{"class":53},[39,133347,133098],{"class":97},[39,133349,101],{"class":53},[39,133351,3344],{"class":97},[39,133353,80],{"class":53},[223,133355,48616],{"id":48615},[147,133357,133358,133371,133376],{},[150,133359,133360,133362,133363,1814,133365,1814,133367,1818,133369],{},[15,133361,133343],{}," is a string such as ",[15,133364,133166],{},[15,133366,133172],{},[15,133368,133178],{},[15,133370,5887],{},[150,133372,133373,133375],{},[15,133374,3344],{}," is usually a list or tuple of strings",[150,133377,133378],{},"All items in the iterable must be strings",[20,133380,515],{},[30,133382,133384],{"className":32,"code":133383,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nresult = \" | \".join(names)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133385,133386,133418,133441,133445],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133387,133388,133390,133392,133394,133396,133398,133400,133402,133404,133406,133408,133410,133412,133414,133416],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133389,4618],{"class":45},[39,133391,50],{"class":49},[39,133393,3249],{"class":53},[39,133395,244],{"class":243},[39,133397,12492],{"class":247},[39,133399,244],{"class":243},[39,133401,61],{"class":53},[39,133403,255],{"class":243},[39,133405,35555],{"class":247},[39,133407,244],{"class":243},[39,133409,61],{"class":53},[39,133411,255],{"class":243},[39,133413,35564],{"class":247},[39,133415,244],{"class":243},[39,133417,3262],{"class":53},[39,133419,133420,133422,133424,133426,133429,133431,133433,133435,133437,133439],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133421,86],{"class":45},[39,133423,50],{"class":49},[39,133425,255],{"class":243},[39,133427,133428],{"class":247}," | ",[39,133430,244],{"class":243},[39,133432,94],{"class":53},[39,133434,133098],{"class":97},[39,133436,101],{"class":53},[39,133438,4662],{"class":97},[39,133440,80],{"class":53},[39,133442,133443],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,133444,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,133446,133447,133449,133451,133453],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,133448,113],{"class":112},[39,133450,101],{"class":53},[39,133452,118],{"class":97},[39,133454,80],{"class":53},[20,133456,458],{},[30,133458,133460],{"className":32,"code":133459,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana | Ben | Cara\n",[15,133461,133462],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133463,133464,133467,133469,133472,133474],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133465,133466],{"class":45},"Ana ",[39,133468,113448],{"class":49},[39,133470,133471],{"class":45}," Ben ",[39,133473,113448],{"class":49},[39,133475,35636],{"class":45},[20,133477,133478,133479,94],{},"If you are still getting comfortable with strings, see ",[173,133480,124695],{"href":50581},[134,133482,121472],{"id":121471},[223,133484,133486],{"id":133485},"join-words-with-a-space","Join words with a space",[30,133488,133490],{"className":32,"code":133489,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133491,133492,133525,133545,133549],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133493,133494,133496,133498,133500,133502,133504,133506,133508,133510,133512,133514,133516,133518,133521,133523],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133495,1191],{"class":45},[39,133497,50],{"class":49},[39,133499,3249],{"class":53},[39,133501,244],{"class":243},[39,133503,6913],{"class":247},[39,133505,244],{"class":243},[39,133507,61],{"class":53},[39,133509,255],{"class":243},[39,133511,11805],{"class":247},[39,133513,244],{"class":243},[39,133515,61],{"class":53},[39,133517,255],{"class":243},[39,133519,133520],{"class":247},"easy",[39,133522,244],{"class":243},[39,133524,3262],{"class":53},[39,133526,133527,133529,133531,133533,133535,133537,133539,133541,133543],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133528,86],{"class":45},[39,133530,50],{"class":49},[39,133532,255],{"class":243},[39,133534,255],{"class":243},[39,133536,94],{"class":53},[39,133538,133098],{"class":97},[39,133540,101],{"class":53},[39,133542,1229],{"class":97},[39,133544,80],{"class":53},[39,133546,133547],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,133548,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,133550,133551,133553,133555,133557],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,133552,113],{"class":112},[39,133554,101],{"class":53},[39,133556,118],{"class":97},[39,133558,80],{"class":53},[20,133560,458],{},[30,133562,133564],{"className":32,"code":133563,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Python is easy\n",[15,133565,133566],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133567,133568,133570,133572],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133569,3202],{"class":45},[39,133571,11805],{"class":49},[39,133573,133574],{"class":45}," easy\n",[223,133576,133578],{"id":133577},"join-values-with-a-comma","Join values with a comma",[30,133580,133582],{"className":32,"code":133581,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"apples\", \"bananas\", \"oranges\"]\nresult = \", \".join(items)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133583,133584,133619,133641,133645],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133585,133586,133588,133590,133592,133594,133597,133599,133601,133603,133606,133608,133610,133612,133615,133617],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133587,7397],{"class":45},[39,133589,50],{"class":49},[39,133591,3249],{"class":53},[39,133593,244],{"class":243},[39,133595,133596],{"class":247},"apples",[39,133598,244],{"class":243},[39,133600,61],{"class":53},[39,133602,255],{"class":243},[39,133604,133605],{"class":247},"bananas",[39,133607,244],{"class":243},[39,133609,61],{"class":53},[39,133611,255],{"class":243},[39,133613,133614],{"class":247},"oranges",[39,133616,244],{"class":243},[39,133618,3262],{"class":53},[39,133620,133621,133623,133625,133627,133629,133631,133633,133635,133637,133639],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133622,86],{"class":45},[39,133624,50],{"class":49},[39,133626,255],{"class":243},[39,133628,1814],{"class":247},[39,133630,244],{"class":243},[39,133632,94],{"class":53},[39,133634,133098],{"class":97},[39,133636,101],{"class":53},[39,133638,7426],{"class":97},[39,133640,80],{"class":53},[39,133642,133643],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,133644,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,133646,133647,133649,133651,133653],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,133648,113],{"class":112},[39,133650,101],{"class":53},[39,133652,118],{"class":97},[39,133654,80],{"class":53},[20,133656,458],{},[30,133658,133660],{"className":32,"code":133659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"apples, bananas, oranges\n",[15,133661,133662],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133663,133664,133666,133668,133671,133673],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133665,133596],{"class":45},[39,133667,61],{"class":53},[39,133669,133670],{"class":45}," bananas",[39,133672,61],{"class":53},[39,133674,133675],{"class":45}," oranges\n",[223,133677,133679],{"id":133678},"join-characters-with-an-empty-string","Join characters with an empty string",[30,133681,133683],{"className":32,"code":133682,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nresult = \"\".join(letters)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,133684,133685,133742,133760,133764],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133686,133687,133689,133691,133693,133695,133698,133700,133702,133704,133706,133708,133710,133712,133714,133716,133718,133720,133722,133724,133726,133728,133730,133732,133734,133736,133738,133740],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133688,1053],{"class":45},[39,133690,50],{"class":49},[39,133692,3249],{"class":53},[39,133694,244],{"class":243},[39,133696,133697],{"class":247},"P",[39,133699,244],{"class":243},[39,133701,61],{"class":53},[39,133703,255],{"class":243},[39,133705,11357],{"class":247},[39,133707,244],{"class":243},[39,133709,61],{"class":53},[39,133711,255],{"class":243},[39,133713,62878],{"class":247},[39,133715,244],{"class":243},[39,133717,61],{"class":53},[39,133719,255],{"class":243},[39,133721,60029],{"class":247},[39,133723,244],{"class":243},[39,133725,61],{"class":53},[39,133727,255],{"class":243},[39,133729,60064],{"class":247},[39,133731,244],{"class":243},[39,133733,61],{"class":53},[39,133735,255],{"class":243},[39,133737,75620],{"class":247},[39,133739,244],{"class":243},[39,133741,3262],{"class":53},[39,133743,133744,133746,133748,133750,133752,133754,133756,133758],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133745,86],{"class":45},[39,133747,50],{"class":49},[39,133749,5741],{"class":243},[39,133751,94],{"class":53},[39,133753,133098],{"class":97},[39,133755,101],{"class":53},[39,133757,35757],{"class":97},[39,133759,80],{"class":53},[39,133761,133762],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,133763,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,133765,133766,133768,133770,133772],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,133767,113],{"class":112},[39,133769,101],{"class":53},[39,133771,118],{"class":97},[39,133773,80],{"class":53},[20,133775,458],{},[30,133777,133779],{"className":32,"code":133778,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Python\n",[15,133780,133781],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133782,133783],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133784,133778],{"class":45},[223,133786,133788,133789,133791],{"id":133787},"show-that-join-returns-the-result","Show that ",[15,133790,133021],{}," returns the result",[30,133793,133795],{"className":32,"code":133794,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\njoined_text = \"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(joined_text)\n",[15,133796,133797,133830,133853,133857],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133798,133799,133801,133803,133805,133807,133809,133811,133813,133815,133817,133819,133821,133823,133826,133828],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133800,1191],{"class":45},[39,133802,50],{"class":49},[39,133804,3249],{"class":53},[39,133806,244],{"class":243},[39,133808,6201],{"class":247},[39,133810,244],{"class":243},[39,133812,61],{"class":53},[39,133814,255],{"class":243},[39,133816,78861],{"class":247},[39,133818,244],{"class":243},[39,133820,61],{"class":53},[39,133822,255],{"class":243},[39,133824,133825],{"class":247},"three",[39,133827,244],{"class":243},[39,133829,3262],{"class":53},[39,133831,133832,133835,133837,133839,133841,133843,133845,133847,133849,133851],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133833,133834],{"class":45},"joined_text ",[39,133836,50],{"class":49},[39,133838,255],{"class":243},[39,133840,1648],{"class":247},[39,133842,244],{"class":243},[39,133844,94],{"class":53},[39,133846,133098],{"class":97},[39,133848,101],{"class":53},[39,133850,1229],{"class":97},[39,133852,80],{"class":53},[39,133854,133855],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,133856,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,133858,133859,133861,133863,133866],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,133860,113],{"class":112},[39,133862,101],{"class":53},[39,133864,133865],{"class":97},"joined_text",[39,133867,80],{"class":53},[20,133869,458],{},[30,133871,133873],{"className":32,"code":133872,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"one-two-three\n",[15,133874,133875],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133876,133877,133879,133881,133883,133885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133878,6201],{"class":45},[39,133880,1648],{"class":49},[39,133882,78861],{"class":45},[39,133884,1648],{"class":49},[39,133886,133887],{"class":45},"three\n",[134,133889,133891],{"id":133890},"using-different-separators","Using different separators",[20,133893,133894],{},"The separator controls what appears between each item.",[223,133896,133898,133901],{"id":133897},"join-adds-spaces",[15,133899,133900],{},"\" \".join(...)"," adds spaces",[30,133903,133905],{"className":32,"code":133904,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\" \".join(words))\n",[15,133906,133907,133931],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133908,133909,133911,133913,133915,133917,133919,133921,133923,133925,133927,133929],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133910,1191],{"class":45},[39,133912,50],{"class":49},[39,133914,3249],{"class":53},[39,133916,244],{"class":243},[39,133918,3470],{"class":247},[39,133920,244],{"class":243},[39,133922,61],{"class":53},[39,133924,255],{"class":243},[39,133926,60182],{"class":247},[39,133928,244],{"class":243},[39,133930,3262],{"class":53},[39,133932,133933,133935,133937,133939,133941,133943,133945,133947,133949],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,133934,113],{"class":112},[39,133936,101],{"class":53},[39,133938,244],{"class":243},[39,133940,255],{"class":243},[39,133942,94],{"class":53},[39,133944,133098],{"class":97},[39,133946,101],{"class":53},[39,133948,1229],{"class":97},[39,133950,1026],{"class":53},[20,133952,458],{},[30,133954,133956],{"className":32,"code":133955,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"hello world\n",[15,133957,133958],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133959,133960],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133961,133955],{"class":45},[223,133963,133965,133968],{"id":133964},"join-creates-comma-separated-text",[15,133966,133967],{},"\", \".join(...)"," creates comma-separated text",[30,133970,133972],{"className":32,"code":133971,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = [\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\"]\nprint(\", \".join(colors))\n",[15,133973,133974,134006],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,133975,133976,133978,133980,133982,133984,133986,133988,133990,133992,133994,133996,133998,134000,134002,134004],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,133977,236],{"class":45},[39,133979,50],{"class":49},[39,133981,3249],{"class":53},[39,133983,244],{"class":243},[39,133985,248],{"class":247},[39,133987,244],{"class":243},[39,133989,61],{"class":53},[39,133991,255],{"class":243},[39,133993,258],{"class":247},[39,133995,244],{"class":243},[39,133997,61],{"class":53},[39,133999,255],{"class":243},[39,134001,275],{"class":247},[39,134003,244],{"class":243},[39,134005,3262],{"class":53},[39,134007,134008,134010,134012,134014,134016,134018,134020,134022,134024,134026],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134009,113],{"class":112},[39,134011,101],{"class":53},[39,134013,244],{"class":243},[39,134015,1814],{"class":247},[39,134017,244],{"class":243},[39,134019,94],{"class":53},[39,134021,133098],{"class":97},[39,134023,101],{"class":53},[39,134025,288],{"class":97},[39,134027,1026],{"class":53},[20,134029,458],{},[30,134031,134033],{"className":32,"code":134032,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red, blue, green\n",[15,134034,134035],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134036,134037,134039,134041,134044,134046],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134038,248],{"class":45},[39,134040,61],{"class":53},[39,134042,134043],{"class":45}," blue",[39,134045,61],{"class":53},[39,134047,35488],{"class":45},[20,134049,134050],{},"This is useful when building simple CSV-style text.",[223,134052,134054,134057],{"id":134053},"join-is-useful-for-slugs-or-ids",[15,134055,134056],{},"\"-\".join(...)"," is useful for slugs or IDs",[30,134059,134061],{"className":32,"code":134060,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"parts = [\"python\", \"string\", \"join\"]\nprint(\"-\".join(parts))\n",[15,134062,134063,134095],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134064,134065,134067,134069,134071,134073,134075,134077,134079,134081,134083,134085,134087,134089,134091,134093],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134066,42444],{"class":45},[39,134068,50],{"class":49},[39,134070,3249],{"class":53},[39,134072,244],{"class":243},[39,134074,34],{"class":247},[39,134076,244],{"class":243},[39,134078,61],{"class":53},[39,134080,255],{"class":243},[39,134082,60765],{"class":247},[39,134084,244],{"class":243},[39,134086,61],{"class":53},[39,134088,255],{"class":243},[39,134090,133098],{"class":247},[39,134092,244],{"class":243},[39,134094,3262],{"class":53},[39,134096,134097,134099,134101,134103,134105,134107,134109,134111,134113,134115],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134098,113],{"class":112},[39,134100,101],{"class":53},[39,134102,244],{"class":243},[39,134104,1648],{"class":247},[39,134106,244],{"class":243},[39,134108,94],{"class":53},[39,134110,133098],{"class":97},[39,134112,101],{"class":53},[39,134114,42476],{"class":97},[39,134116,1026],{"class":53},[20,134118,458],{},[30,134120,134122],{"className":32,"code":134121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"python-string-join\n",[15,134123,134124],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134125,134126,134128,134130,134132,134134],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134127,34],{"class":45},[39,134129,1648],{"class":49},[39,134131,60765],{"class":45},[39,134133,1648],{"class":49},[39,134135,134136],{"class":45},"join\n",[223,134138,134140,134143],{"id":134139},"join-joins-with-no-separator",[15,134141,134142],{},"\"\".join(...)"," joins with no separator",[30,134145,134147],{"className":32,"code":134146,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"chars = [\"A\", \"B\", \"C\"]\nprint(\"\".join(chars))\n",[15,134148,134149,134182],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134150,134151,134153,134155,134157,134159,134161,134163,134165,134167,134169,134171,134173,134175,134178,134180],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134152,112520],{"class":45},[39,134154,50],{"class":49},[39,134156,3249],{"class":53},[39,134158,244],{"class":243},[39,134160,21857],{"class":247},[39,134162,244],{"class":243},[39,134164,61],{"class":53},[39,134166,255],{"class":243},[39,134168,30213],{"class":247},[39,134170,244],{"class":243},[39,134172,61],{"class":53},[39,134174,255],{"class":243},[39,134176,134177],{"class":247},"C",[39,134179,244],{"class":243},[39,134181,3262],{"class":53},[39,134183,134184,134186,134188,134190,134192,134194,134196,134199],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134185,113],{"class":112},[39,134187,101],{"class":53},[39,134189,5887],{"class":243},[39,134191,94],{"class":53},[39,134193,133098],{"class":97},[39,134195,101],{"class":53},[39,134197,134198],{"class":97},"chars",[39,134200,1026],{"class":53},[20,134202,458],{},[30,134204,134206],{"className":32,"code":134205,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ABC\n",[15,134207,134208],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134209,134210],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134211,134205],{"class":34067},[134,134213,134215],{"id":134214},"what-types-of-values-work","What types of values work",[20,134217,134218,134220],{},[15,134219,133021],{}," works when every item is already a string.",[223,134222,134224],{"id":134223},"this-works","This works",[30,134226,134228],{"className":32,"code":134227,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"10\", \"20\", \"30\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134229,134230,134262],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134231,134232,134234,134236,134238,134240,134242,134244,134246,134248,134250,134252,134254,134256,134258,134260],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134233,812],{"class":45},[39,134235,50],{"class":49},[39,134237,3249],{"class":53},[39,134239,244],{"class":243},[39,134241,682],{"class":247},[39,134243,244],{"class":243},[39,134245,61],{"class":53},[39,134247,255],{"class":243},[39,134249,15366],{"class":247},[39,134251,244],{"class":243},[39,134253,61],{"class":53},[39,134255,255],{"class":243},[39,134257,36455],{"class":247},[39,134259,244],{"class":243},[39,134261,3262],{"class":53},[39,134263,134264,134266,134268,134270,134272,134274,134276,134278,134280,134282],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134265,113],{"class":112},[39,134267,101],{"class":53},[39,134269,244],{"class":243},[39,134271,1814],{"class":247},[39,134273,244],{"class":243},[39,134275,94],{"class":53},[39,134277,133098],{"class":97},[39,134279,101],{"class":53},[39,134281,856],{"class":97},[39,134283,1026],{"class":53},[20,134285,458],{},[30,134287,134289],{"className":32,"code":134288,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10, 20, 30\n",[15,134290,134291],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134292,134293,134295,134297,134299,134301],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134294,682],{"class":57},[39,134296,61],{"class":53},[39,134298,687],{"class":57},[39,134300,61],{"class":53},[39,134302,134303],{"class":57}," 30\n",[223,134305,134307],{"id":134306},"numbers-do-not-work-directly","Numbers do not work directly",[30,134309,134311],{"className":32,"code":134310,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134312,134313,134333],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134314,134315,134317,134319,134321,134323,134325,134327,134329,134331],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134316,812],{"class":45},[39,134318,50],{"class":49},[39,134320,3249],{"class":53},[39,134322,58],{"class":57},[39,134324,61],{"class":53},[39,134326,64],{"class":57},[39,134328,61],{"class":53},[39,134330,73],{"class":57},[39,134332,3262],{"class":53},[39,134334,134335,134337,134339,134341,134343,134345,134347,134349,134351,134353],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134336,113],{"class":112},[39,134338,101],{"class":53},[39,134340,244],{"class":243},[39,134342,1814],{"class":247},[39,134344,244],{"class":243},[39,134346,94],{"class":53},[39,134348,133098],{"class":97},[39,134350,101],{"class":53},[39,134352,856],{"class":97},[39,134354,1026],{"class":53},[20,134356,89901,134357,134359],{},[15,134358,2627],{}," because the list contains integers, not strings.",[20,134361,134362],{},"To fix it, convert the values first:",[30,134364,134366],{"className":32,"code":134365,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134367,134368,134388,134418,134422],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134369,134370,134372,134374,134376,134378,134380,134382,134384,134386],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134371,812],{"class":45},[39,134373,50],{"class":49},[39,134375,3249],{"class":53},[39,134377,58],{"class":57},[39,134379,61],{"class":53},[39,134381,64],{"class":57},[39,134383,61],{"class":53},[39,134385,73],{"class":57},[39,134387,3262],{"class":53},[39,134389,134390,134392,134394,134396,134398,134400,134402,134404,134406,134408,134410,134412,134414,134416],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134391,86],{"class":45},[39,134393,50],{"class":49},[39,134395,255],{"class":243},[39,134397,1814],{"class":247},[39,134399,244],{"class":243},[39,134401,94],{"class":53},[39,134403,133098],{"class":97},[39,134405,101],{"class":53},[39,134407,39470],{"class":112},[39,134409,101],{"class":53},[39,134411,3069],{"class":2523},[39,134413,61],{"class":53},[39,134415,3510],{"class":97},[39,134417,1026],{"class":53},[39,134419,134420],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,134421,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,134423,134424,134426,134428,134430],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,134425,113],{"class":112},[39,134427,101],{"class":53},[39,134429,118],{"class":97},[39,134431,80],{"class":53},[20,134433,458],{},[30,134435,134437],{"className":32,"code":134436,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"1, 2, 3\n",[15,134438,134439],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134440,134441,134443,134445,134447,134449],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134442,58],{"class":57},[39,134444,61],{"class":53},[39,134446,64],{"class":57},[39,134448,61],{"class":53},[39,134450,2199],{"class":57},[20,134452,134453,134454,94],{},"If you need a clearer explanation of string conversion, see ",[173,134455,3202,134456,3135],{"href":41783},[15,134457,47289],{},[223,134459,134461,134463],{"id":134460},"none-values-do-not-work-directly",[15,134462,3403],{}," values do not work directly",[30,134465,134467],{"className":32,"code":134466,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nprint(\", \".join(values))\n",[15,134468,134469,134497],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134470,134471,134473,134475,134477,134479,134481,134483,134485,134487,134489,134491,134493,134495],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134472,812],{"class":45},[39,134474,50],{"class":49},[39,134476,3249],{"class":53},[39,134478,244],{"class":243},[39,134480,377],{"class":247},[39,134482,244],{"class":243},[39,134484,61],{"class":53},[39,134486,3478],{"class":3477},[39,134488,61],{"class":53},[39,134490,255],{"class":243},[39,134492,386],{"class":247},[39,134494,244],{"class":243},[39,134496,3262],{"class":53},[39,134498,134499,134501,134503,134505,134507,134509,134511,134513,134515,134517],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134500,113],{"class":112},[39,134502,101],{"class":53},[39,134504,244],{"class":243},[39,134506,1814],{"class":247},[39,134508,244],{"class":243},[39,134510,94],{"class":53},[39,134512,133098],{"class":97},[39,134514,101],{"class":53},[39,134516,856],{"class":97},[39,134518,1026],{"class":53},[20,134520,134521,134522,94],{},"This also causes a ",[15,134523,2627],{},[20,134525,134526],{},"One fix is to convert values to strings:",[30,134528,134530],{"className":32,"code":134529,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"apple\", None, \"banana\"]\nresult = \", \".join(map(str, values))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134531,134532,134560,134590,134594],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134533,134534,134536,134538,134540,134542,134544,134546,134548,134550,134552,134554,134556,134558],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134535,812],{"class":45},[39,134537,50],{"class":49},[39,134539,3249],{"class":53},[39,134541,244],{"class":243},[39,134543,377],{"class":247},[39,134545,244],{"class":243},[39,134547,61],{"class":53},[39,134549,3478],{"class":3477},[39,134551,61],{"class":53},[39,134553,255],{"class":243},[39,134555,386],{"class":247},[39,134557,244],{"class":243},[39,134559,3262],{"class":53},[39,134561,134562,134564,134566,134568,134570,134572,134574,134576,134578,134580,134582,134584,134586,134588],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134563,86],{"class":45},[39,134565,50],{"class":49},[39,134567,255],{"class":243},[39,134569,1814],{"class":247},[39,134571,244],{"class":243},[39,134573,94],{"class":53},[39,134575,133098],{"class":97},[39,134577,101],{"class":53},[39,134579,39470],{"class":112},[39,134581,101],{"class":53},[39,134583,3069],{"class":2523},[39,134585,61],{"class":53},[39,134587,3510],{"class":97},[39,134589,1026],{"class":53},[39,134591,134592],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,134593,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,134595,134596,134598,134600,134602],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,134597,113],{"class":112},[39,134599,101],{"class":53},[39,134601,118],{"class":97},[39,134603,80],{"class":53},[20,134605,458],{},[30,134607,134609],{"className":32,"code":134608,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"apple, None, banana\n",[15,134610,134611],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134612,134613,134615,134617,134619,134621],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134614,377],{"class":45},[39,134616,61],{"class":53},[39,134618,3478],{"class":3477},[39,134620,61],{"class":53},[39,134622,134623],{"class":45}," banana\n",[20,134625,134626,134627,134629],{},"Be careful with this approach. Sometimes you may want to remove ",[15,134628,3403],{}," values instead of converting them.",[223,134631,134633,134635],{"id":134632},"join-also-works-with-tuples",[15,134634,133021],{}," also works with tuples",[30,134637,134639],{"className":32,"code":134638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = (\"Sam\", \"Lee\", \"Mia\")\nprint(\" \u002F \".join(names))\n",[15,134640,134641,134673],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134642,134643,134645,134647,134649,134651,134653,134655,134657,134659,134661,134663,134665,134667,134669,134671],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134644,4618],{"class":45},[39,134646,50],{"class":49},[39,134648,54],{"class":53},[39,134650,244],{"class":243},[39,134652,7294],{"class":247},[39,134654,244],{"class":243},[39,134656,61],{"class":53},[39,134658,255],{"class":243},[39,134660,131027],{"class":247},[39,134662,244],{"class":243},[39,134664,61],{"class":53},[39,134666,255],{"class":243},[39,134668,7538],{"class":247},[39,134670,244],{"class":243},[39,134672,80],{"class":53},[39,134674,134675,134677,134679,134681,134684,134686,134688,134690,134692,134694],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134676,113],{"class":112},[39,134678,101],{"class":53},[39,134680,244],{"class":243},[39,134682,134683],{"class":247}," \u002F ",[39,134685,244],{"class":243},[39,134687,94],{"class":53},[39,134689,133098],{"class":97},[39,134691,101],{"class":53},[39,134693,4662],{"class":97},[39,134695,1026],{"class":53},[20,134697,458],{},[30,134699,134701],{"className":32,"code":134700,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Sam \u002F Lee \u002F Mia\n",[15,134702,134703],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134704,134705,134708,134710,134713,134715],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134706,134707],{"class":45},"Sam ",[39,134709,126832],{"class":49},[39,134711,134712],{"class":45}," Lee ",[39,134714,126832],{"class":49},[39,134716,21946],{"class":45},[134,134718,134720,134721],{"id":134719},"common-errors-with-join","Common errors with ",[15,134722,133021],{},[20,134724,134725],{},"Here are the most common beginner mistakes.",[223,134727,134729,134730,134732],{"id":134728},"_1-typeerror-because-not-all-items-are-strings","1. ",[15,134731,2627],{}," because not all items are strings",[30,134734,134736],{"className":32,"code":134735,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(items))\n",[15,134737,134738,134766],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134739,134740,134742,134744,134746,134748,134750,134752,134754,134756,134758,134760,134762,134764],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134741,7397],{"class":45},[39,134743,50],{"class":49},[39,134745,3249],{"class":53},[39,134747,244],{"class":243},[39,134749,173],{"class":247},[39,134751,244],{"class":243},[39,134753,61],{"class":53},[39,134755,64],{"class":57},[39,134757,61],{"class":53},[39,134759,255],{"class":243},[39,134761,9352],{"class":247},[39,134763,244],{"class":243},[39,134765,3262],{"class":53},[39,134767,134768,134770,134772,134774,134776,134778,134780,134782,134784],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134769,113],{"class":112},[39,134771,101],{"class":53},[39,134773,244],{"class":243},[39,134775,255],{"class":243},[39,134777,94],{"class":53},[39,134779,133098],{"class":97},[39,134781,101],{"class":53},[39,134783,7426],{"class":97},[39,134785,1026],{"class":53},[20,134787,48116,134788,134790],{},[15,134789,104],{}," is an integer.",[20,134792,38872],{},[30,134794,134796],{"className":32,"code":134795,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = [\"a\", 2, \"c\"]\nprint(\" \".join(map(str, items)))\n",[15,134797,134798,134826],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134799,134800,134802,134804,134806,134808,134810,134812,134814,134816,134818,134820,134822,134824],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134801,7397],{"class":45},[39,134803,50],{"class":49},[39,134805,3249],{"class":53},[39,134807,244],{"class":243},[39,134809,173],{"class":247},[39,134811,244],{"class":243},[39,134813,61],{"class":53},[39,134815,64],{"class":57},[39,134817,61],{"class":53},[39,134819,255],{"class":243},[39,134821,9352],{"class":247},[39,134823,244],{"class":243},[39,134825,3262],{"class":53},[39,134827,134828,134830,134832,134834,134836,134838,134840,134842,134844,134846,134848,134850,134852],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134829,113],{"class":112},[39,134831,101],{"class":53},[39,134833,244],{"class":243},[39,134835,255],{"class":243},[39,134837,94],{"class":53},[39,134839,133098],{"class":97},[39,134841,101],{"class":53},[39,134843,39470],{"class":112},[39,134845,101],{"class":53},[39,134847,3069],{"class":2523},[39,134849,61],{"class":53},[39,134851,5582],{"class":97},[39,134853,2534],{"class":53},[20,134855,134856,134857,94],{},"If you see an error like this, read ",[173,134858,25291,134860],{"href":134859},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-sequence-item-0-expected-str-instance-fix\u002F",[15,134861,134862],{},"TypeError: sequence item 0: expected str instance",[223,134864,134866,134867,134869],{"id":134865},"_2-calling-join-on-a-list-instead-of-a-string","2. Calling ",[15,134868,133021],{}," on a list instead of a string",[20,134871,4148],{},[30,134873,134875],{"className":32,"code":134874,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = words.join(\" \")\n",[15,134876,134877,134909],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134878,134879,134881,134883,134885,134887,134889,134891,134893,134895,134897,134899,134901,134903,134905,134907],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134880,1191],{"class":45},[39,134882,50],{"class":49},[39,134884,3249],{"class":53},[39,134886,244],{"class":243},[39,134888,6913],{"class":247},[39,134890,244],{"class":243},[39,134892,61],{"class":53},[39,134894,255],{"class":243},[39,134896,11805],{"class":247},[39,134898,244],{"class":243},[39,134900,61],{"class":53},[39,134902,255],{"class":243},[39,134904,133079],{"class":247},[39,134906,244],{"class":243},[39,134908,3262],{"class":53},[39,134910,134911,134913,134915,134917,134919,134921,134923,134925,134927],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134912,86],{"class":45},[39,134914,50],{"class":49},[39,134916,5783],{"class":45},[39,134918,94],{"class":53},[39,134920,133098],{"class":97},[39,134922,101],{"class":53},[39,134924,244],{"class":243},[39,134926,255],{"class":243},[39,134928,80],{"class":53},[20,134930,134931,134933],{},[15,134932,133021],{}," is a string method, not a list method.",[20,134935,10420],{},[30,134937,134939],{"className":32,"code":134938,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"is\", \"fun\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,134940,134941,134973,134993,134997],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,134942,134943,134945,134947,134949,134951,134953,134955,134957,134959,134961,134963,134965,134967,134969,134971],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,134944,1191],{"class":45},[39,134946,50],{"class":49},[39,134948,3249],{"class":53},[39,134950,244],{"class":243},[39,134952,6913],{"class":247},[39,134954,244],{"class":243},[39,134956,61],{"class":53},[39,134958,255],{"class":243},[39,134960,11805],{"class":247},[39,134962,244],{"class":243},[39,134964,61],{"class":53},[39,134966,255],{"class":243},[39,134968,133079],{"class":247},[39,134970,244],{"class":243},[39,134972,3262],{"class":53},[39,134974,134975,134977,134979,134981,134983,134985,134987,134989,134991],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,134976,86],{"class":45},[39,134978,50],{"class":49},[39,134980,255],{"class":243},[39,134982,255],{"class":243},[39,134984,94],{"class":53},[39,134986,133098],{"class":97},[39,134988,101],{"class":53},[39,134990,1229],{"class":97},[39,134992,80],{"class":53},[39,134994,134995],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,134996,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,134998,134999,135001,135003,135005],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,135000,113],{"class":112},[39,135002,101],{"class":53},[39,135004,118],{"class":97},[39,135006,80],{"class":53},[223,135008,135010],{"id":135009},"_3-using-the-wrong-separator","3. Using the wrong separator",[30,135012,135014],{"className":32,"code":135013,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"one\", \"two\", \"three\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,135015,135016,135048],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135017,135018,135020,135022,135024,135026,135028,135030,135032,135034,135036,135038,135040,135042,135044,135046],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135019,1191],{"class":45},[39,135021,50],{"class":49},[39,135023,3249],{"class":53},[39,135025,244],{"class":243},[39,135027,6201],{"class":247},[39,135029,244],{"class":243},[39,135031,61],{"class":53},[39,135033,255],{"class":243},[39,135035,78861],{"class":247},[39,135037,244],{"class":243},[39,135039,61],{"class":53},[39,135041,255],{"class":243},[39,135043,133825],{"class":247},[39,135045,244],{"class":243},[39,135047,3262],{"class":53},[39,135049,135050,135052,135054,135056,135058,135060,135062,135064],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,135051,113],{"class":112},[39,135053,101],{"class":53},[39,135055,5887],{"class":243},[39,135057,94],{"class":53},[39,135059,133098],{"class":97},[39,135061,101],{"class":53},[39,135063,1229],{"class":97},[39,135065,1026],{"class":53},[20,135067,458],{},[30,135069,135071],{"className":32,"code":135070,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"onetwothree\n",[15,135072,135073],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135074,135075],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135076,135070],{"class":45},[20,135078,135079,135080,6247],{},"If you wanted spaces, use ",[15,135081,133166],{},[223,135083,135085,135086,131289],{"id":135084},"_4-forgetting-that-join-returns-a-new-string","4. Forgetting that ",[15,135087,133021],{},[30,135089,135091],{"className":32,"code":135090,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\"-\".join(words)\n\nprint(words)\n",[15,135092,135093,135125,135143,135147],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135094,135095,135097,135099,135101,135103,135105,135107,135109,135111,135113,135115,135117,135119,135121,135123],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135096,1191],{"class":45},[39,135098,50],{"class":49},[39,135100,3249],{"class":53},[39,135102,244],{"class":243},[39,135104,173],{"class":247},[39,135106,244],{"class":243},[39,135108,61],{"class":53},[39,135110,255],{"class":243},[39,135112,1070],{"class":247},[39,135114,244],{"class":243},[39,135116,61],{"class":53},[39,135118,255],{"class":243},[39,135120,9352],{"class":247},[39,135122,244],{"class":243},[39,135124,3262],{"class":53},[39,135126,135127,135129,135131,135133,135135,135137,135139,135141],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,135128,244],{"class":42936},[39,135130,1648],{"class":42940},[39,135132,244],{"class":42936},[39,135134,94],{"class":53},[39,135136,133098],{"class":97},[39,135138,101],{"class":53},[39,135140,1229],{"class":97},[39,135142,80],{"class":53},[39,135144,135145],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,135146,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,135148,135149,135151,135153,135155],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,135150,113],{"class":112},[39,135152,101],{"class":53},[39,135154,1229],{"class":97},[39,135156,80],{"class":53},[20,135158,458],{},[30,135160,135161],{"className":32,"code":42483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,135162,135163],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135164,135165,135167,135169,135171,135173,135175,135177,135179,135181,135183,135185,135187,135189],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135166,3525],{"class":53},[39,135168,629],{"class":243},[39,135170,173],{"class":247},[39,135172,629],{"class":243},[39,135174,61],{"class":53},[39,135176,2920],{"class":243},[39,135178,1070],{"class":247},[39,135180,629],{"class":243},[39,135182,61],{"class":53},[39,135184,2920],{"class":243},[39,135186,9352],{"class":247},[39,135188,629],{"class":243},[39,135190,3262],{"class":53},[20,135192,135193,135194,135196],{},"The list is unchanged because ",[15,135195,133021],{}," returns a new string. You need to store or print the result.",[134,135198,135200,135202,135203],{"id":135199},"join-vs-concatenation-with",[15,135201,133021],{}," vs concatenation with ",[15,135204,1684],{},[20,135206,10203,135207,796,135209,135211],{},[15,135208,133021],{},[15,135210,1684],{}," can combine strings, but they are used in different situations.",[223,135213,128,135215,135217],{"id":135214},"use-for-a-small-number-of-fixed-strings",[15,135216,1684],{}," for a small number of fixed strings",[30,135219,135221],{"className":32,"code":135220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"first = \"Hello\"\nsecond = \"World\"\nresult = first + \" \" + second\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135222,135223,135236,135249,135269,135273],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135224,135225,135228,135230,135232,135234],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135226,135227],{"class":45},"first ",[39,135229,50],{"class":49},[39,135231,255],{"class":243},[39,135233,34482],{"class":247},[39,135235,2983],{"class":243},[39,135237,135238,135241,135243,135245,135247],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,135239,135240],{"class":45},"second ",[39,135242,50],{"class":49},[39,135244,255],{"class":243},[39,135246,89330],{"class":247},[39,135248,2983],{"class":243},[39,135250,135251,135253,135255,135258,135260,135262,135264,135266],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,135252,86],{"class":45},[39,135254,50],{"class":49},[39,135256,135257],{"class":45}," first ",[39,135259,1684],{"class":49},[39,135261,255],{"class":243},[39,135263,255],{"class":243},[39,135265,2077],{"class":49},[39,135267,135268],{"class":45}," second\n",[39,135270,135271],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,135272,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,135274,135275,135277,135279,135281],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,135276,113],{"class":112},[39,135278,101],{"class":53},[39,135280,118],{"class":97},[39,135282,80],{"class":53},[20,135284,458],{},[30,135286,135288],{"className":32,"code":135287,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Hello World\n",[15,135289,135290],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135291,135292],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135293,135287],{"class":45},[223,135295,128,135297,135299],{"id":135296},"use-join-for-many-strings-or-a-list-of-strings",[15,135298,133021],{}," for many strings or a list of strings",[30,135301,135303],{"className":32,"code":135302,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"Python\", \"makes\", \"this\", \"easy\"]\nresult = \" \".join(words)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,135304,135305,135347,135367,135371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135306,135307,135309,135311,135313,135315,135317,135319,135321,135323,135326,135328,135330,135332,135335,135337,135339,135341,135343,135345],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135308,1191],{"class":45},[39,135310,50],{"class":49},[39,135312,3249],{"class":53},[39,135314,244],{"class":243},[39,135316,6913],{"class":247},[39,135318,244],{"class":243},[39,135320,61],{"class":53},[39,135322,255],{"class":243},[39,135324,135325],{"class":247},"makes",[39,135327,244],{"class":243},[39,135329,61],{"class":53},[39,135331,255],{"class":243},[39,135333,135334],{"class":247},"this",[39,135336,244],{"class":243},[39,135338,61],{"class":53},[39,135340,255],{"class":243},[39,135342,133520],{"class":247},[39,135344,244],{"class":243},[39,135346,3262],{"class":53},[39,135348,135349,135351,135353,135355,135357,135359,135361,135363,135365],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,135350,86],{"class":45},[39,135352,50],{"class":49},[39,135354,255],{"class":243},[39,135356,255],{"class":243},[39,135358,94],{"class":53},[39,135360,133098],{"class":97},[39,135362,101],{"class":53},[39,135364,1229],{"class":97},[39,135366,80],{"class":53},[39,135368,135369],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,135370,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,135372,135373,135375,135377,135379],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,135374,113],{"class":112},[39,135376,101],{"class":53},[39,135378,118],{"class":97},[39,135380,80],{"class":53},[20,135382,458],{},[30,135384,135386],{"className":32,"code":135385,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Python makes this easy\n",[15,135387,135388],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135389,135390],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135391,135385],{"class":45},[20,135393,135394,135396],{},[15,135395,133021],{}," is usually cleaner when:",[147,135398,135399,135402,135405],{},[150,135400,135401],{},"You already have a list of strings",[150,135403,135404],{},"You want the same separator between every item",[150,135406,135407,135408,135410],{},"You want to avoid writing many ",[15,135409,1684],{}," operators",[20,135412,135413,135414,94],{},"For a task-focused guide, see ",[173,135415,135417],{"href":135416},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-join-strings-in-python\u002F","how to join strings in Python",[134,135419,135421],{"id":135420},"common-mistakes-to-check","Common mistakes to check",[20,135423,8487,135424,135426],{},[15,135425,133021],{}," is not working, check these first:",[147,135428,135429,135432,135437,135446,135452],{},[150,135430,135431],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains integers",[150,135433,135434,135435],{},"You may be trying to join a list that contains ",[15,135436,3403],{},[150,135438,135439,135440,10705,135443],{},"You may have written ",[15,135441,135442],{},"list.join(...)",[15,135444,135445],{},"string.join(...)",[150,135447,135448,135449,135451],{},"You may be expecting ",[15,135450,133021],{}," to change the original iterable",[150,135453,135454],{},"You may have passed a non-iterable value",[20,135456,93970],{},[30,135458,135460],{"className":32,"code":135459,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(items))\nprint(items)\nprint([type(item) for item in items])\nprint(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))\nprint(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))\n",[15,135461,135462,135476,135486,135510,135550],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135463,135464,135466,135468,135470,135472,135474],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135465,113],{"class":112},[39,135467,101],{"class":53},[39,135469,2845],{"class":2523},[39,135471,101],{"class":53},[39,135473,7426],{"class":97},[39,135475,1026],{"class":53},[39,135477,135478,135480,135482,135484],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,135479,113],{"class":112},[39,135481,101],{"class":53},[39,135483,7426],{"class":97},[39,135485,80],{"class":53},[39,135487,135488,135490,135492,135494,135496,135498,135500,135502,135504,135506,135508],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,135489,113],{"class":112},[39,135491,2608],{"class":53},[39,135493,2845],{"class":2523},[39,135495,101],{"class":53},[39,135497,22922],{"class":97},[39,135499,121],{"class":53},[39,135501,3502],{"class":572},[39,135503,5577],{"class":97},[39,135505,1128],{"class":572},[39,135507,5582],{"class":97},[39,135509,3513],{"class":53},[39,135511,135512,135514,135516,135518,135520,135522,135524,135526,135528,135530,135532,135534,135536,135538,135540,135542,135544,135546,135548],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,135513,113],{"class":112},[39,135515,101],{"class":53},[39,135517,629],{"class":243},[39,135519,2920],{"class":243},[39,135521,94],{"class":53},[39,135523,133098],{"class":97},[39,135525,2608],{"class":53},[39,135527,629],{"class":243},[39,135529,173],{"class":247},[39,135531,629],{"class":243},[39,135533,61],{"class":53},[39,135535,2920],{"class":243},[39,135537,1070],{"class":247},[39,135539,629],{"class":243},[39,135541,61],{"class":53},[39,135543,2920],{"class":243},[39,135545,9352],{"class":247},[39,135547,629],{"class":243},[39,135549,2621],{"class":53},[39,135551,135552,135554,135556,135558,135560,135562,135564,135566,135568,135570,135572,135574,135576,135578,135580,135582,135584,135586,135588],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,135553,113],{"class":112},[39,135555,101],{"class":53},[39,135557,629],{"class":243},[39,135559,1814],{"class":247},[39,135561,629],{"class":243},[39,135563,94],{"class":53},[39,135565,133098],{"class":97},[39,135567,101],{"class":53},[39,135569,39470],{"class":112},[39,135571,101],{"class":53},[39,135573,3069],{"class":2523},[39,135575,61],{"class":53},[39,135577,3249],{"class":53},[39,135579,58],{"class":57},[39,135581,61],{"class":53},[39,135583,64],{"class":57},[39,135585,61],{"class":53},[39,135587,73],{"class":57},[39,135589,36877],{"class":53},[20,135591,135592],{},"What these checks do:",[147,135594,135595,135603,135609,135615,135624],{},[150,135596,135597,135600,135601,763],{},[15,135598,135599],{},"print(type(items))"," shows what kind of value ",[15,135602,7426],{},[150,135604,135605,135608],{},[15,135606,135607],{},"print(items)"," shows the actual contents",[150,135610,135611,135614],{},[15,135612,135613],{},"print([type(item) for item in items])"," shows the type of each item",[150,135616,135617,135620,135621,135623],{},[15,135618,135619],{},"print(' '.join(['a', 'b', 'c']))"," confirms normal ",[15,135622,133021],{}," behavior",[150,135625,135626,135629],{},[15,135627,135628],{},"print(', '.join(map(str, [1, 2, 3])))"," shows how to join numbers after converting them",[134,135631,1454],{"id":1453},[223,135633,1468,135635,135637],{"id":135634},"does-join-work-with-numbers",[15,135636,133021],{}," work with numbers?",[20,135639,135640,135641,135643,135644,94],{},"Not directly. ",[15,135642,133021],{}," needs strings. Convert numbers first, for example with ",[15,135645,135646],{},"map(str, values)",[223,135648,1468,135650,56765],{"id":135649},"does-join-change-the-original-list",[15,135651,133021],{},[20,135653,135654],{},"No. It returns a new string and leaves the original list unchanged.",[223,135656,27940,135658,62226],{"id":135657},"can-i-use-join-with-a-tuple",[15,135659,133021],{},[20,135661,41761,135662,135664],{},[15,135663,133021],{}," works with any iterable of strings, including tuples.",[223,135666,1458,135668,39571],{"id":135667},"what-does-joinwords-do",[15,135669,135670],{},"''.join(words)",[20,135672,135673],{},"It joins the strings without adding any separator between them.",[223,135675,135677,135678,135680,135681,929],{"id":135676},"why-do-i-get-typeerror-when-using-join","Why do I get ",[15,135679,2627],{}," when using ",[15,135682,133021],{},[20,135684,135685],{},"Usually because at least one item in the iterable is not a string.",[134,135687,1514],{"id":1513},[147,135689,135690,135695,135701,135707,135713],{},[150,135691,135692],{},[173,135693,135694],{"href":135416},"How to join strings in Python",[150,135696,135697],{},[173,135698,125940,135699,1533],{"href":128626},[15,135700,60122],{},[150,135702,135703],{},[173,135704,3202,135705,3135],{"href":41783},[15,135706,47289],{},[150,135708,135709],{},[173,135710,29960,135711],{"href":134859},[15,135712,134862],{},[150,135714,135715],{},[173,135716,124695],{"href":50581},[20,135718,96940,135719,135721],{},[15,135720,133021],{},", you can use it in real tasks like formatting full names, building comma-separated text, and combining words from a list into a single string.",[1550,135723,135724],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":135726},[135727,135728,135730,135733,135740,135750,135758,135768,135775,135776,135788],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":133138,"depth":83,"text":135729},"What join() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":135731},[135732],{"id":48615,"depth":109,"text":48616},{"id":121471,"depth":83,"text":121472,"children":135734},[135735,135736,135737,135738],{"id":133485,"depth":109,"text":133486},{"id":133577,"depth":109,"text":133578},{"id":133678,"depth":109,"text":133679},{"id":133787,"depth":109,"text":135739},"Show that join() returns the result",{"id":133890,"depth":83,"text":133891,"children":135741},[135742,135744,135746,135748],{"id":133897,"depth":109,"text":135743},"\" \".join(...) adds spaces",{"id":133964,"depth":109,"text":135745},"\", \".join(...) creates comma-separated text",{"id":134053,"depth":109,"text":135747},"\"-\".join(...) is useful for slugs or IDs",{"id":134139,"depth":109,"text":135749},"\"\".join(...) joins with no separator",{"id":134214,"depth":83,"text":134215,"children":135751},[135752,135753,135754,135756],{"id":134223,"depth":109,"text":134224},{"id":134306,"depth":109,"text":134307},{"id":134460,"depth":109,"text":135755},"None values do not work directly",{"id":134632,"depth":109,"text":135757},"join() also works with tuples",{"id":134719,"depth":83,"text":135759,"children":135760},"Common errors with join()",[135761,135763,135765,135766],{"id":134728,"depth":109,"text":135762},"1. TypeError because not all items are strings",{"id":134865,"depth":109,"text":135764},"2. Calling join() on a list instead of a string",{"id":135009,"depth":109,"text":135010},{"id":135084,"depth":109,"text":135767},"4. Forgetting that join() returns a new string",{"id":135199,"depth":83,"text":135769,"children":135770},"join() vs concatenation with +",[135771,135773],{"id":135214,"depth":109,"text":135772},"Use + for a small number of fixed strings",{"id":135296,"depth":109,"text":135774},"Use join() for many strings or a list of strings",{"id":135420,"depth":83,"text":135421},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":135777},[135778,135780,135782,135784,135786],{"id":135634,"depth":109,"text":135779},"Does join() work with numbers?",{"id":135649,"depth":109,"text":135781},"Does join() change the original list?",{"id":135657,"depth":109,"text":135783},"Can I use join() with a tuple?",{"id":135667,"depth":109,"text":135785},"What does ''.join(words) do?",{"id":135676,"depth":109,"text":135787},"Why do I get TypeError when using join()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string join method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method",{"title":133013,"description":135789},"reference\u002Fpython-string-join-method","PADX964Q2s6BEP50kMkmDZLOlBbvj8gTOpZn-HkZGPA",{"id":135796,"title":135797,"body":135798,"description":137366,"extension":1587,"meta":137367,"navigation":420,"path":137368,"seo":137369,"stem":137370,"__hash__":137371},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method.md","Python String lower() Method",{"type":7,"value":135799,"toc":137333},[135800,135805,135810,135812,135826,135871,135878,135883,135888,135890,135906,135915,135917,135919,135934,135936,135946,135948,136010,136012,136015,136076,136078,136094,136096,136109,136112,136159,136161,136167,136170,136173,136233,136241,136327,136331,136336,136338,136352,136355,136440,136443,136501,136512,136567,136569,136576,136582,136588,136632,136635,136682,136684,136686,136693,136695,136726,136729,136731,136762,136766,136769,136771,136811,136813,136856,136862,136867,136869,136896,136901,136904,136953,136957,136960,137035,137046,137049,137106,137113,137119,137127,137132,137139,137146,137164,137166,137220,137228,137230,137235,137238,137244,137250,137255,137258,137264,137270,137277,137285,137287,137330],[10,135801,122940,135803,18],{"id":135802},"python-string-lower-method",[15,135804,123670],{},[20,135806,122945,135807,135809],{},[15,135808,123670],{}," method returns a lowercase version of a string.",[20,135811,23699],{},[147,135813,135814,135817,135820,135823],{},[150,135815,135816],{},"convert text to lowercase",[150,135818,135819],{},"compare text without case differences",[150,135821,135822],{},"clean up user input",[150,135824,135825],{},"make simple text matching easier",[30,135827,135829],{"className":32,"code":135828,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\nresult = text.lower()\nprint(result)  # hello world\n",[15,135830,135831,135844,135858],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135832,135833,135835,135837,135839,135842],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135834,34302],{"class":45},[39,135836,50],{"class":49},[39,135838,255],{"class":243},[39,135840,135841],{"class":247},"Hello WORLD",[39,135843,2983],{"class":243},[39,135845,135846,135848,135850,135852,135854,135856],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,135847,86],{"class":45},[39,135849,50],{"class":49},[39,135851,42449],{"class":45},[39,135853,94],{"class":53},[39,135855,8254],{"class":97},[39,135857,8257],{"class":53},[39,135859,135860,135862,135864,135866,135868],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,135861,113],{"class":112},[39,135863,101],{"class":53},[39,135865,118],{"class":97},[39,135867,121],{"class":53},[39,135869,135870],{"class":124},"  # hello world\n",[20,135872,135873,88553,135875,135877],{},[3367,135874,83411],{},[15,135876,123670],{}," returns a new string. It does not change the original string in place.",[134,135879,137,135881,140],{"id":135880},"what-lower-does",[15,135882,123670],{},[20,135884,135885,135887],{},[15,135886,123670],{}," is a string method that changes uppercase letters to lowercase letters.",[20,135889,12664],{},[147,135891,135892,135897,135900,135903],{},[150,135893,135894,135896],{},[15,135895,123670],{}," returns a lowercase version of a string",[150,135898,135899],{},"It works on string objects",[150,135901,135902],{},"It creates and returns a new string",[150,135904,135905],{},"The original string stays unchanged",[20,135907,124692,135908,135912,135913,94],{},[173,135909,135911],{"href":135910},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-string-in-python\u002F","what a string is in Python"," or learn more in ",[173,135914,50582],{"href":50581},[134,135916,1781],{"id":1780},[20,135918,1784],{},[30,135920,135922],{"className":32,"code":135921,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.lower()\n",[15,135923,135924],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135925,135926,135928,135930,135932],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135927,60765],{"class":45},[39,135929,94],{"class":53},[39,135931,8254],{"class":97},[39,135933,8257],{"class":53},[20,135935,43258],{},[147,135937,135938,135940,135943],{},[150,135939,97118],{},[150,135941,135942],{},"You call it directly on a string",[150,135944,135945],{},"You can use it on a string literal or a string variable",[20,135947,515],{},[30,135949,135951],{"className":32,"code":135950,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"HELLO\".lower())  # hello\n\nname = \"PyThOn\"\nprint(name.lower())  # python\n",[15,135952,135953,135976,135980,135993],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,135954,135955,135957,135959,135961,135964,135966,135968,135970,135973],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,135956,113],{"class":112},[39,135958,101],{"class":53},[39,135960,244],{"class":243},[39,135962,135963],{"class":247},"HELLO",[39,135965,244],{"class":243},[39,135967,94],{"class":53},[39,135969,8254],{"class":97},[39,135971,135972],{"class":53},"())",[39,135974,135975],{"class":124},"  # hello\n",[39,135977,135978],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,135979,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,135981,135982,135984,135986,135988,135991],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,135983,7493],{"class":45},[39,135985,50],{"class":49},[39,135987,255],{"class":243},[39,135989,135990],{"class":247},"PyThOn",[39,135992,2983],{"class":243},[39,135994,135995,135997,135999,136001,136003,136005,136007],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,135996,113],{"class":112},[39,135998,101],{"class":53},[39,136000,7285],{"class":97},[39,136002,94],{"class":53},[39,136004,8254],{"class":97},[39,136006,135972],{"class":53},[39,136008,136009],{"class":124},"  # python\n",[134,136011,355],{"id":354},[20,136013,136014],{},"Here is a basic example with a variable:",[30,136016,136018],{"className":32,"code":136017,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\n\nlower_text = text.lower()\n\nprint(lower_text)\nprint(text)\n",[15,136019,136020,136032,136036,136051,136055,136066],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136021,136022,136024,136026,136028,136030],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136023,34302],{"class":45},[39,136025,50],{"class":49},[39,136027,255],{"class":243},[39,136029,135841],{"class":247},[39,136031,2983],{"class":243},[39,136033,136034],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136035,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136037,136038,136041,136043,136045,136047,136049],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136039,136040],{"class":45},"lower_text ",[39,136042,50],{"class":49},[39,136044,42449],{"class":45},[39,136046,94],{"class":53},[39,136048,8254],{"class":97},[39,136050,8257],{"class":53},[39,136052,136053],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136054,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136056,136057,136059,136061,136064],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,136058,113],{"class":112},[39,136060,101],{"class":53},[39,136062,136063],{"class":97},"lower_text",[39,136065,80],{"class":53},[39,136067,136068,136070,136072,136074],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,136069,113],{"class":112},[39,136071,101],{"class":53},[39,136073,34323],{"class":97},[39,136075,80],{"class":53},[20,136077,458],{},[30,136079,136081],{"className":32,"code":136080,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"hello world\nHello WORLD\n",[15,136082,136083,136087],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136084,136085],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136086,133955],{"class":45},[39,136088,136089,136091],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136090,131355],{"class":45},[39,136092,136093],{"class":34067},"WORLD\n",[20,136095,24219],{},[147,136097,136098,136103],{},[150,136099,136100,136102],{},[15,136101,123670],{}," returns the lowercase result",[150,136104,136105,136106,136108],{},"the original ",[15,136107,34323],{}," variable does not change unless you reassign it",[20,136110,136111],{},"If you want to keep the lowercase version in the same variable, reassign it:",[30,136113,136115],{"className":32,"code":136114,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello WORLD\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello world\n",[15,136116,136117,136129,136143,136147],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136118,136119,136121,136123,136125,136127],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136120,34302],{"class":45},[39,136122,50],{"class":49},[39,136124,255],{"class":243},[39,136126,135841],{"class":247},[39,136128,2983],{"class":243},[39,136130,136131,136133,136135,136137,136139,136141],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136132,34302],{"class":45},[39,136134,50],{"class":49},[39,136136,42449],{"class":45},[39,136138,94],{"class":53},[39,136140,8254],{"class":97},[39,136142,8257],{"class":53},[39,136144,136145],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136146,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136148,136149,136151,136153,136155,136157],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136150,113],{"class":112},[39,136152,101],{"class":53},[39,136154,34323],{"class":97},[39,136156,121],{"class":53},[39,136158,135870],{"class":124},[134,136160,17032],{"id":17031},[20,136162,136163,21587,136165,94],{},[15,136164,123670],{},[3367,136166,60765],{},[20,136168,136169],{},"That means you can store the result in a variable, print it, or use it in comparisons.",[20,136171,136172],{},"A common beginner use case is comparing text in a case-insensitive way:",[30,136174,136176],{"className":32,"code":136175,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \"YES\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Correct\")\n",[15,136177,136178,136192,136196,136219],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136179,136180,136183,136185,136187,136190],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136181,136182],{"class":45},"answer ",[39,136184,50],{"class":49},[39,136186,255],{"class":243},[39,136188,136189],{"class":247},"YES",[39,136191,2983],{"class":243},[39,136193,136194],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136195,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136197,136198,136200,136203,136205,136207,136209,136211,136213,136215,136217],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136199,511],{"class":572},[39,136201,136202],{"class":45}," answer",[39,136204,94],{"class":53},[39,136206,8254],{"class":97},[39,136208,6982],{"class":53},[39,136210,6023],{"class":49},[39,136212,255],{"class":243},[39,136214,534],{"class":247},[39,136216,244],{"class":243},[39,136218,598],{"class":53},[39,136220,136221,136223,136225,136227,136229,136231],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136222,603],{"class":112},[39,136224,101],{"class":53},[39,136226,244],{"class":243},[39,136228,96427],{"class":247},[39,136230,244],{"class":243},[39,136232,80],{"class":53},[20,136234,136235,136236,145],{},"This is especially useful with ",[173,136237,136238,136239,1927],{"href":7835},"the ",[15,136240,2580],{},[30,136242,136244],{"className":32,"code":136243,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = input(\"Type yes or no: \")\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"You typed yes\")\nelse:\n    print(\"You typed something else\")\n",[15,136245,136246,136265,136269,136291,136306,136312],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136247,136248,136250,136252,136254,136256,136258,136261,136263],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136249,136182],{"class":45},[39,136251,50],{"class":49},[39,136253,7858],{"class":112},[39,136255,101],{"class":53},[39,136257,244],{"class":243},[39,136259,136260],{"class":247},"Type yes or no: ",[39,136262,244],{"class":243},[39,136264,80],{"class":53},[39,136266,136267],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136268,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136270,136271,136273,136275,136277,136279,136281,136283,136285,136287,136289],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136272,511],{"class":572},[39,136274,136202],{"class":45},[39,136276,94],{"class":53},[39,136278,8254],{"class":97},[39,136280,6982],{"class":53},[39,136282,6023],{"class":49},[39,136284,255],{"class":243},[39,136286,534],{"class":247},[39,136288,244],{"class":243},[39,136290,598],{"class":53},[39,136292,136293,136295,136297,136299,136302,136304],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136294,603],{"class":112},[39,136296,101],{"class":53},[39,136298,244],{"class":243},[39,136300,136301],{"class":247},"You typed yes",[39,136303,244],{"class":243},[39,136305,80],{"class":53},[39,136307,136308,136310],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,136309,27046],{"class":572},[39,136311,598],{"class":53},[39,136313,136314,136316,136318,136320,136323,136325],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,136315,603],{"class":112},[39,136317,101],{"class":53},[39,136319,244],{"class":243},[39,136321,136322],{"class":247},"You typed something else",[39,136324,244],{"class":243},[39,136326,80],{"class":53},[134,136328,136330],{"id":136329},"common-use-cases","Common use cases",[20,136332,136333,136335],{},[15,136334,123670],{}," is often used to normalize text before working with it.",[20,136337,6959],{},[147,136339,136340,136343,136346,136349],{},[150,136341,136342],{},"Normalize user input before comparison",[150,136344,136345],{},"Make text matching easier",[150,136347,136348],{},"Prepare text for simple searches",[150,136350,136351],{},"Clean mixed-case data",[20,136353,136354],{},"Example: checking user input",[30,136356,136358],{"className":32,"code":136357,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"color = input(\"What is your favorite color? \")\n\nif color.lower() == \"blue\":\n    print(\"Nice choice!\")\nelse:\n    print(\"Got it.\")\n",[15,136359,136360,136378,136382,136404,136419,136425],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136361,136362,136364,136366,136368,136370,136372,136374,136376],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136363,44565],{"class":45},[39,136365,50],{"class":49},[39,136367,7858],{"class":112},[39,136369,101],{"class":53},[39,136371,244],{"class":243},[39,136373,44576],{"class":247},[39,136375,244],{"class":243},[39,136377,80],{"class":53},[39,136379,136380],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136381,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136383,136384,136386,136388,136390,136392,136394,136396,136398,136400,136402],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136385,511],{"class":572},[39,136387,35465],{"class":45},[39,136389,94],{"class":53},[39,136391,8254],{"class":97},[39,136393,6982],{"class":53},[39,136395,6023],{"class":49},[39,136397,255],{"class":243},[39,136399,258],{"class":247},[39,136401,244],{"class":243},[39,136403,598],{"class":53},[39,136405,136406,136408,136410,136412,136415,136417],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136407,603],{"class":112},[39,136409,101],{"class":53},[39,136411,244],{"class":243},[39,136413,136414],{"class":247},"Nice choice!",[39,136416,244],{"class":243},[39,136418,80],{"class":53},[39,136420,136421,136423],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,136422,27046],{"class":572},[39,136424,598],{"class":53},[39,136426,136427,136429,136431,136433,136436,136438],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,136428,603],{"class":112},[39,136430,101],{"class":53},[39,136432,244],{"class":243},[39,136434,136435],{"class":247},"Got it.",[39,136437,244],{"class":243},[39,136439,80],{"class":53},[20,136441,136442],{},"Example: simple search",[30,136444,136446],{"className":32,"code":136445,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"message = \"Python Is Fun\"\n\nif \"python\" in message.lower():\n    print(\"Found it\")\n",[15,136447,136448,136461,136465,136486],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136449,136450,136452,136454,136456,136459],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136451,89597],{"class":45},[39,136453,50],{"class":49},[39,136455,255],{"class":243},[39,136457,136458],{"class":247},"Python Is Fun",[39,136460,2983],{"class":243},[39,136462,136463],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136464,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136466,136467,136469,136471,136473,136475,136477,136480,136482,136484],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136468,511],{"class":572},[39,136470,255],{"class":243},[39,136472,34],{"class":247},[39,136474,244],{"class":243},[39,136476,1149],{"class":49},[39,136478,136479],{"class":45}," message",[39,136481,94],{"class":53},[39,136483,8254],{"class":97},[39,136485,21207],{"class":53},[39,136487,136488,136490,136492,136494,136497,136499],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136489,603],{"class":112},[39,136491,101],{"class":53},[39,136493,244],{"class":243},[39,136495,136496],{"class":247},"Found it",[39,136498,244],{"class":243},[39,136500,80],{"class":53},[20,136502,136503,136504,136506,136507,145],{},"If you also need to remove extra spaces, ",[15,136505,123670],{}," is often used with ",[173,136508,136510],{"href":136509},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method\u002F",[15,136511,41262],{},[30,136513,136515],{"className":32,"code":136514,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"  ALICE  \"\nclean_name = name.strip().lower()\n\nprint(clean_name)  # alice\n",[15,136516,136517,136530,136549,136553],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136518,136519,136521,136523,136525,136528],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136520,7493],{"class":45},[39,136522,50],{"class":49},[39,136524,255],{"class":243},[39,136526,136527],{"class":247},"  ALICE  ",[39,136529,2983],{"class":243},[39,136531,136532,136535,136537,136539,136541,136543,136545,136547],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136533,136534],{"class":45},"clean_name ",[39,136536,50],{"class":49},[39,136538,35606],{"class":45},[39,136540,94],{"class":53},[39,136542,8248],{"class":97},[39,136544,8251],{"class":53},[39,136546,8254],{"class":97},[39,136548,8257],{"class":53},[39,136550,136551],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136552,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136554,136555,136557,136559,136562,136564],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136556,113],{"class":112},[39,136558,101],{"class":53},[39,136560,136561],{"class":97},"clean_name",[39,136563,121],{"class":53},[39,136565,136566],{"class":124},"  # alice\n",[134,136568,15208],{"id":15207},[20,136570,136571,136572,136575],{},"Strings are ",[3367,136573,136574],{},"immutable"," in Python.",[20,136577,136578,136579,136581],{},"That means a string cannot be changed in place. Methods like ",[15,136580,123670],{}," do not edit the original string. They return a new one.",[20,136583,136584,136585,136587],{},"So this does ",[3367,136586,4254],{}," update the original variable:",[30,136589,136591],{"className":32,"code":136590,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # HELLO\n",[15,136592,136593,136605,136615,136619],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136594,136595,136597,136599,136601,136603],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136596,34302],{"class":45},[39,136598,50],{"class":49},[39,136600,255],{"class":243},[39,136602,135963],{"class":247},[39,136604,2983],{"class":243},[39,136606,136607,136609,136611,136613],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136608,34323],{"class":45},[39,136610,94],{"class":53},[39,136612,8254],{"class":97},[39,136614,8257],{"class":53},[39,136616,136617],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136618,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136620,136621,136623,136625,136627,136629],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136622,113],{"class":112},[39,136624,101],{"class":53},[39,136626,34323],{"class":97},[39,136628,121],{"class":53},[39,136630,136631],{"class":124},"  # HELLO\n",[20,136633,136634],{},"To keep the lowercase version, save the result:",[30,136636,136638],{"className":32,"code":136637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\n\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136639,136640,136652,136666,136670],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136641,136642,136644,136646,136648,136650],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136643,34302],{"class":45},[39,136645,50],{"class":49},[39,136647,255],{"class":243},[39,136649,135963],{"class":247},[39,136651,2983],{"class":243},[39,136653,136654,136656,136658,136660,136662,136664],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136655,34302],{"class":45},[39,136657,50],{"class":49},[39,136659,42449],{"class":45},[39,136661,94],{"class":53},[39,136663,8254],{"class":97},[39,136665,8257],{"class":53},[39,136667,136668],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136669,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136671,136672,136674,136676,136678,136680],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136673,113],{"class":112},[39,136675,101],{"class":53},[39,136677,34323],{"class":97},[39,136679,121],{"class":53},[39,136681,135975],{"class":124},[134,136683,944],{"id":943},[223,136685,25299],{"id":25298},[20,136687,136688,136689,10705,136691,94],{},"A very common mistake is writing ",[15,136690,8254],{},[15,136692,123670],{},[20,136694,16256],{},[30,136696,136698],{"className":32,"code":136697,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower)\n",[15,136699,136700,136712],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136701,136702,136704,136706,136708,136710],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136703,34302],{"class":45},[39,136705,50],{"class":49},[39,136707,255],{"class":243},[39,136709,135963],{"class":247},[39,136711,2983],{"class":243},[39,136713,136714,136716,136718,136720,136722,136724],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136715,113],{"class":112},[39,136717,101],{"class":53},[39,136719,34323],{"class":97},[39,136721,94],{"class":53},[39,136723,8254],{"class":997},[39,136725,80],{"class":53},[20,136727,136728],{},"This prints the method itself, not the lowercase string.",[20,136730,16268],{},[30,136732,136734],{"className":32,"code":136733,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136735,136736,136748],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136737,136738,136740,136742,136744,136746],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136739,34302],{"class":45},[39,136741,50],{"class":49},[39,136743,255],{"class":243},[39,136745,135963],{"class":247},[39,136747,2983],{"class":243},[39,136749,136750,136752,136754,136756,136758,136760],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136751,113],{"class":112},[39,136753,101],{"class":53},[39,136755,34323],{"class":97},[39,136757,94],{"class":53},[39,136759,8254],{"class":97},[39,136761,6810],{"class":53},[223,136763,136765],{"id":136764},"not-saving-the-result","Not saving the result",[20,136767,136768],{},"Another common mistake is expecting the original variable to change automatically.",[20,136770,16256],{},[30,136772,136774],{"className":32,"code":136773,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext.lower()\nprint(text)  # still HELLO\n",[15,136775,136776,136788,136798],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136777,136778,136780,136782,136784,136786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136779,34302],{"class":45},[39,136781,50],{"class":49},[39,136783,255],{"class":243},[39,136785,135963],{"class":247},[39,136787,2983],{"class":243},[39,136789,136790,136792,136794,136796],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136791,34323],{"class":45},[39,136793,94],{"class":53},[39,136795,8254],{"class":97},[39,136797,8257],{"class":53},[39,136799,136800,136802,136804,136806,136808],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136801,113],{"class":112},[39,136803,101],{"class":53},[39,136805,34323],{"class":97},[39,136807,121],{"class":53},[39,136809,136810],{"class":124},"  # still HELLO\n",[20,136812,16268],{},[30,136814,136816],{"className":32,"code":136815,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\ntext = text.lower()\nprint(text)  # hello\n",[15,136817,136818,136830,136844],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136819,136820,136822,136824,136826,136828],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136821,34302],{"class":45},[39,136823,50],{"class":49},[39,136825,255],{"class":243},[39,136827,135963],{"class":247},[39,136829,2983],{"class":243},[39,136831,136832,136834,136836,136838,136840,136842],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136833,34302],{"class":45},[39,136835,50],{"class":49},[39,136837,42449],{"class":45},[39,136839,94],{"class":53},[39,136841,8254],{"class":97},[39,136843,8257],{"class":53},[39,136845,136846,136848,136850,136852,136854],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136847,113],{"class":112},[39,136849,101],{"class":53},[39,136851,34323],{"class":97},[39,136853,121],{"class":53},[39,136855,135975],{"class":124},[223,136857,948,136859,136861],{"id":136858},"using-lower-on-a-non-string-value",[15,136860,123670],{}," on a non-string value",[20,136863,136864,136866],{},[15,136865,123670],{}," only works on strings.",[20,136868,16256],{},[30,136870,136872],{"className":32,"code":136871,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = 123\nprint(number.lower())\n",[15,136873,136874,136882],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136875,136876,136878,136880],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136877,1842],{"class":45},[39,136879,50],{"class":49},[39,136881,124622],{"class":57},[39,136883,136884,136886,136888,136890,136892,136894],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136885,113],{"class":112},[39,136887,101],{"class":53},[39,136889,1864],{"class":97},[39,136891,94],{"class":53},[39,136893,8254],{"class":97},[39,136895,6810],{"class":53},[20,136897,136898,136899,33214],{},"This causes an error because integers do not have a ",[15,136900,123670],{},[20,136902,136903],{},"You can check the type first:",[30,136905,136907],{"className":32,"code":136906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"HELLO\"\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.lower())\n",[15,136908,136909,136921,136925,136939],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136910,136911,136913,136915,136917,136919],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136912,34302],{"class":45},[39,136914,50],{"class":49},[39,136916,255],{"class":243},[39,136918,135963],{"class":247},[39,136920,2983],{"class":243},[39,136922,136923],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136924,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136926,136927,136929,136931,136933,136935,136937],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136928,113],{"class":112},[39,136930,101],{"class":53},[39,136932,2845],{"class":2523},[39,136934,101],{"class":53},[39,136936,34323],{"class":97},[39,136938,1026],{"class":53},[39,136940,136941,136943,136945,136947,136949,136951],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,136942,113],{"class":112},[39,136944,101],{"class":53},[39,136946,34323],{"class":97},[39,136948,94],{"class":53},[39,136950,8254],{"class":97},[39,136952,6810],{"class":53},[223,136954,136956],{"id":136955},"comparing-text-without-normalizing-case","Comparing text without normalizing case",[20,136958,136959],{},"This can cause unexpected results:",[30,136961,136963],{"className":32,"code":136962,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\nelse:\n    print(\"No match\")\n",[15,136964,136965,136978,136982,136999,137014,137020],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,136966,136967,136969,136971,136973,136976],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,136968,136182],{"class":45},[39,136970,50],{"class":49},[39,136972,255],{"class":243},[39,136974,136975],{"class":247},"Yes",[39,136977,2983],{"class":243},[39,136979,136980],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,136981,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,136983,136984,136986,136989,136991,136993,136995,136997],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,136985,511],{"class":572},[39,136987,136988],{"class":45}," answer ",[39,136990,4312],{"class":49},[39,136992,255],{"class":243},[39,136994,534],{"class":247},[39,136996,244],{"class":243},[39,136998,598],{"class":53},[39,137000,137001,137003,137005,137007,137010,137012],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,137002,603],{"class":112},[39,137004,101],{"class":53},[39,137006,244],{"class":243},[39,137008,137009],{"class":247},"Match",[39,137011,244],{"class":243},[39,137013,80],{"class":53},[39,137015,137016,137018],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,137017,27046],{"class":572},[39,137019,598],{"class":53},[39,137021,137022,137024,137026,137028,137031,137033],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,137023,603],{"class":112},[39,137025,101],{"class":53},[39,137027,244],{"class":243},[39,137029,137030],{"class":247},"No match",[39,137032,244],{"class":243},[39,137034,80],{"class":53},[20,137036,28673,137037,796,137040,137043,137044,94],{},[15,137038,137039],{},"\"Yes\"",[15,137041,137042],{},"\"yes\""," are different strings, this prints ",[15,137045,137030],{},[20,137047,137048],{},"Better:",[30,137050,137052],{"className":32,"code":137051,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \"Yes\"\n\nif answer.lower() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Match\")\n",[15,137053,137054,137066,137070,137092],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137055,137056,137058,137060,137062,137064],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137057,136182],{"class":45},[39,137059,50],{"class":49},[39,137061,255],{"class":243},[39,137063,136975],{"class":247},[39,137065,2983],{"class":243},[39,137067,137068],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137069,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,137071,137072,137074,137076,137078,137080,137082,137084,137086,137088,137090],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,137073,511],{"class":572},[39,137075,136202],{"class":45},[39,137077,94],{"class":53},[39,137079,8254],{"class":97},[39,137081,6982],{"class":53},[39,137083,6023],{"class":49},[39,137085,255],{"class":243},[39,137087,534],{"class":247},[39,137089,244],{"class":243},[39,137091,598],{"class":53},[39,137093,137094,137096,137098,137100,137102,137104],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,137095,603],{"class":112},[39,137097,101],{"class":53},[39,137099,244],{"class":243},[39,137101,137009],{"class":247},[39,137103,244],{"class":243},[39,137105,80],{"class":53},[223,137107,43819,137109,137112],{"id":137108},"when-casefold-may-be-better",[15,137110,137111],{},"casefold()"," may be better",[20,137114,137115,137116,137118],{},"For most beginner examples, ",[15,137117,123670],{}," is enough.",[20,137120,137121,137122,137124,137125,94],{},"But for advanced Unicode case-insensitive matching, ",[15,137123,137111],{}," can be stronger than ",[15,137126,123670],{},[20,137128,137129,137130,122182],{},"For everyday beginner tasks like input checking and simple comparisons, ",[15,137131,123670],{},[134,137133,137135,10198,137137],{"id":137134},"lower-vs-upper",[15,137136,123670],{},[15,137138,127818],{},[20,137140,137141,796,137143,137145],{},[15,137142,123670],{},[15,137144,127818],{}," are very similar.",[147,137147,137148,137153,137158,137161],{},[150,137149,137150,137152],{},[15,137151,123670],{}," changes letters to lowercase",[150,137154,137155,137157],{},[15,137156,127818],{}," changes letters to uppercase",[150,137159,137160],{},"Both return new strings",[150,137162,137163],{},"Both leave the original string unchanged unless you reassign the result",[20,137165,515],{},[30,137167,137169],{"className":32,"code":137168,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello World\"\n\nprint(text.lower())  # hello world\nprint(text.upper())  # HELLO WORLD\n",[15,137170,137171,137183,137187,137203],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137172,137173,137175,137177,137179,137181],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137174,34302],{"class":45},[39,137176,50],{"class":49},[39,137178,255],{"class":243},[39,137180,128658],{"class":247},[39,137182,2983],{"class":243},[39,137184,137185],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137186,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,137188,137189,137191,137193,137195,137197,137199,137201],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,137190,113],{"class":112},[39,137192,101],{"class":53},[39,137194,34323],{"class":97},[39,137196,94],{"class":53},[39,137198,8254],{"class":97},[39,137200,135972],{"class":53},[39,137202,135870],{"class":124},[39,137204,137205,137207,137209,137211,137213,137215,137217],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,137206,113],{"class":112},[39,137208,101],{"class":53},[39,137210,34323],{"class":97},[39,137212,94],{"class":53},[39,137214,34092],{"class":97},[39,137216,135972],{"class":53},[39,137218,137219],{"class":124},"  # HELLO WORLD\n",[20,137221,137222,137223,94],{},"If you want the opposite conversion, see the ",[173,137224,125940,137226,1533],{"href":137225},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method\u002F",[15,137227,127818],{},[134,137229,1454],{"id":1453},[223,137231,1468,137233,124267],{"id":137232},"does-lower-change-the-original-string",[15,137234,123670],{},[20,137236,137237],{},"No. It returns a new lowercase string. Reassign it if needed.",[223,137239,1468,137241,137243],{"id":137240},"does-lower-take-any-arguments",[15,137242,123670],{}," take any arguments?",[20,137245,137246,137247,94],{},"No. The method is called as ",[15,137248,137249],{},"string.lower()",[223,137251,1458,137253,12327],{"id":137252},"what-does-lower-return",[15,137254,123670],{},[20,137256,137257],{},"It returns a new string with lowercase letters.",[223,137259,27940,137261,137263],{"id":137260},"can-i-use-lower-on-user-input",[15,137262,123670],{}," on user input?",[20,137265,137266,137267,137269],{},"Yes. It is commonly used with ",[15,137268,2580],{}," to compare answers without case problems.",[223,137271,1497,137273,796,137275,929],{"id":137272},"what-is-the-difference-between-lower-and-casefold",[15,137274,123670],{},[15,137276,137111],{},[20,137278,137279,137281,137282,137284],{},[15,137280,123670],{}," is simpler and common for beginners. ",[15,137283,137111],{}," is stronger for some Unicode case-insensitive comparisons.",[134,137286,1514],{"id":1513},[147,137288,137289,137293,137299,137305,137311,137315,137319,137325],{},[150,137290,137291],{},[173,137292,50582],{"href":50581},[150,137294,137295],{},[173,137296,125940,137297,1533],{"href":137225},[15,137298,127818],{},[150,137300,137301],{},[173,137302,125940,137303,1533],{"href":136509},[15,137304,41262],{},[150,137306,137307],{},[173,137308,125940,137309,1533],{"href":129520},[15,137310,124111],{},[150,137312,137313],{},[173,137314,124339],{"href":123195},[150,137316,137317],{},[173,137318,90273],{"href":89282},[150,137320,137321],{},[173,137322,3202,137323,3135],{"href":7835},[15,137324,2580],{},[150,137326,137327],{},[173,137328,137329],{"href":135910},"What is a string in Python?",[1550,137331,137332],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":137334},[137335,137337,137338,137339,137340,137341,137342,137351,137353,137365],{"id":135880,"depth":83,"text":137336},"What lower() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":136329,"depth":83,"text":136330},{"id":15207,"depth":83,"text":15208},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":137343},[137344,137345,137346,137348,137349],{"id":25298,"depth":109,"text":25299},{"id":136764,"depth":109,"text":136765},{"id":136858,"depth":109,"text":137347},"Using lower() on a non-string value",{"id":136955,"depth":109,"text":136956},{"id":137108,"depth":109,"text":137350},"When casefold() may be better",{"id":137134,"depth":83,"text":137352},"lower() vs upper()",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":137354},[137355,137357,137359,137361,137363],{"id":137232,"depth":109,"text":137356},"Does lower() change the original string?",{"id":137240,"depth":109,"text":137358},"Does lower() take any arguments?",{"id":137252,"depth":109,"text":137360},"What does lower() return?",{"id":137260,"depth":109,"text":137362},"Can I use lower() on user input?",{"id":137272,"depth":109,"text":137364},"What is the difference between lower() and casefold()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string lower method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method",{"title":135797,"description":137366},"reference\u002Fpython-string-lower-method","Aspap5dswZ0jaW6T8G5ZAbmL8ux0eq3khybJYFtYHM8",{"id":137373,"title":137374,"body":137375,"description":138925,"extension":1587,"meta":138926,"navigation":420,"path":138927,"seo":138928,"stem":138929,"__hash__":138930},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method.md","Python String replace() Method",{"type":7,"value":137376,"toc":138886},[137377,137382,137387,137393,137408,137410,137470,137472,137481,137487,137492,137497,137499,137513,137517,137519,137566,137568,137586,137588,137591,137662,137664,137678,137681,137693,137702,137706,137711,137716,137720,137786,137788,137797,137801,137866,137868,137877,137880,137885,137889,137894,137898,137959,137961,137970,137974,137977,138033,138035,138044,138047,138060,138062,138066,138073,138135,138137,138150,138156,138159,138166,138171,138176,138179,138187,138189,138250,138252,138261,138264,138311,138314,138361,138363,138368,138385,138392,138397,138450,138452,138460,138462,138519,138521,138529,138533,138580,138582,138590,138598,138602,138650,138652,138661,138666,138717,138719,138728,138735,138738,138759,138761,138766,138769,138773,138776,138780,138783,138810,138816,138819,138846,138851,138853,138855,138883],[10,137378,122940,137380,18],{"id":137379},"python-string-replace-method",[15,137381,124111],{},[20,137383,122945,137384,137386],{},[15,137385,124111],{}," method lets you change text inside a string.",[20,137388,137389,137390,137392],{},"This is a beginner-friendly reference page for ",[15,137391,124111],{},". You will learn:",[147,137394,137395,137399,137402,137405],{},[150,137396,25631,137397,140],{},[15,137398,124111],{},[150,137400,137401],{},"how its syntax works",[150,137403,137404],{},"how to replace all matches or only some matches",[150,137406,137407],{},"common mistakes to avoid",[134,137409,1629],{"id":1628},[30,137411,137413],{"className":32,"code":137412,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137414,137415,137428,137460],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137416,137417,137419,137421,137423,137426],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137418,34302],{"class":45},[39,137420,50],{"class":49},[39,137422,255],{"class":243},[39,137424,137425],{"class":247},"I like cats",[39,137427,2983],{"class":243},[39,137429,137430,137432,137434,137436,137438,137440,137442,137444,137447,137449,137451,137453,137456,137458],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137431,129778],{"class":45},[39,137433,50],{"class":49},[39,137435,42449],{"class":45},[39,137437,94],{"class":53},[39,137439,34614],{"class":97},[39,137441,101],{"class":53},[39,137443,244],{"class":243},[39,137445,137446],{"class":247},"cats",[39,137448,244],{"class":243},[39,137450,61],{"class":53},[39,137452,255],{"class":243},[39,137454,137455],{"class":247},"dogs",[39,137457,244],{"class":243},[39,137459,80],{"class":53},[39,137461,137462,137464,137466,137468],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,137463,113],{"class":112},[39,137465,101],{"class":53},[39,137467,129809],{"class":97},[39,137469,80],{"class":53},[20,137471,458],{},[30,137473,137475],{"className":32,"code":137474,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"I like dogs\n",[15,137476,137477],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137478,137479],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137480,137474],{"class":45},[20,137482,128,137483,137486],{},[15,137484,137485],{},"replace(old, new)"," to return a new string with matching text changed. The original string is not modified.",[134,137488,137,137490,140],{"id":137489},"what-replace-does",[15,137491,124111],{},[20,137493,137494,137496],{},[15,137495,124111],{}," changes matching text inside a string.",[20,137498,12664],{},[147,137500,137501,137503,137505,137508],{},[150,137502,133187],{},[150,137504,135905],{},[150,137506,137507],{},"It works on exact matches",[150,137509,137510,137511],{},"It replaces all matches unless you limit it with ",[15,137512,98],{},[20,137514,124692,137515,94],{},[173,137516,124695],{"href":50581},[134,137518,5047],{"id":5046},[30,137520,137522],{"className":32,"code":137521,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.replace(old, new)\nstring.replace(old, new, count)\n",[15,137523,137524,137544],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137525,137526,137528,137530,137532,137534,137537,137539,137542],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137527,60765],{"class":45},[39,137529,94],{"class":53},[39,137531,34614],{"class":97},[39,137533,101],{"class":53},[39,137535,137536],{"class":97},"old",[39,137538,61],{"class":53},[39,137540,137541],{"class":97}," new",[39,137543,80],{"class":53},[39,137545,137546,137548,137550,137552,137554,137556,137558,137560,137562,137564],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137547,60765],{"class":45},[39,137549,94],{"class":53},[39,137551,34614],{"class":97},[39,137553,101],{"class":53},[39,137555,137536],{"class":97},[39,137557,61],{"class":53},[39,137559,137541],{"class":97},[39,137561,61],{"class":53},[39,137563,49208],{"class":97},[39,137565,80],{"class":53},[223,137567,17008],{"id":17007},[147,137569,137570,137575,137581],{},[150,137571,137572,137574],{},[15,137573,137536],{}," = the text to find",[150,137576,137577,137580],{},[15,137578,137579],{},"new"," = the replacement text",[150,137582,137583,137585],{},[15,137584,98],{}," = optional number that limits how many matches are replaced",[134,137587,5403],{"id":5402},[20,137589,137590],{},"Here is a simple example that replaces one word with another:",[30,137592,137594],{"className":32,"code":137593,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"I like cats\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\n\nprint(text)\nprint(new_text)\n",[15,137595,137596,137608,137638,137642,137652],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137597,137598,137600,137602,137604,137606],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137599,34302],{"class":45},[39,137601,50],{"class":49},[39,137603,255],{"class":243},[39,137605,137425],{"class":247},[39,137607,2983],{"class":243},[39,137609,137610,137612,137614,137616,137618,137620,137622,137624,137626,137628,137630,137632,137634,137636],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137611,129778],{"class":45},[39,137613,50],{"class":49},[39,137615,42449],{"class":45},[39,137617,94],{"class":53},[39,137619,34614],{"class":97},[39,137621,101],{"class":53},[39,137623,244],{"class":243},[39,137625,137446],{"class":247},[39,137627,244],{"class":243},[39,137629,61],{"class":53},[39,137631,255],{"class":243},[39,137633,137455],{"class":247},[39,137635,244],{"class":243},[39,137637,80],{"class":53},[39,137639,137640],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,137641,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,137643,137644,137646,137648,137650],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,137645,113],{"class":112},[39,137647,101],{"class":53},[39,137649,34323],{"class":97},[39,137651,80],{"class":53},[39,137653,137654,137656,137658,137660],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,137655,113],{"class":112},[39,137657,101],{"class":53},[39,137659,129809],{"class":97},[39,137661,80],{"class":53},[20,137663,458],{},[30,137665,137667],{"className":32,"code":137666,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"I like cats\nI like dogs\n",[15,137668,137669,137674],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137670,137671],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137672,137673],{"class":45},"I like cats\n",[39,137675,137676],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137677,137474],{"class":45},[20,137679,137680],{},"Notice what happened:",[147,137682,137683,137688],{},[150,137684,137685,137687],{},[15,137686,34323],{}," did not change",[150,137689,137690,137692],{},[15,137691,129809],{}," contains the updated value",[20,137694,137695,137696,137698,137699,137701],{},"This happens because strings are ",[3367,137697,136574],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change a string in place. Methods like ",[15,137700,124111],{}," return a new string instead.",[134,137703,137705],{"id":137704},"replace-only-the-first-matches","Replace only the first matches",[20,137707,89291,137708,137710],{},[15,137709,124111],{}," changes every matching part of the string.",[20,137712,137713,137714,36235],{},"If you only want to replace the first 1 or 2 matches, use the optional ",[15,137715,98],{},[223,137717,137719],{"id":137718},"replace-only-the-first-match","Replace only the first match",[30,137721,137723],{"className":32,"code":137722,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 1)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137724,137725,137738,137772,137776],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137726,137727,137729,137731,137733,137736],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137728,34302],{"class":45},[39,137730,50],{"class":49},[39,137732,255],{"class":243},[39,137734,137735],{"class":247},"cat cat cat",[39,137737,2983],{"class":243},[39,137739,137740,137742,137744,137746,137748,137750,137752,137754,137756,137758,137760,137762,137764,137766,137768,137770],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137741,86],{"class":45},[39,137743,50],{"class":49},[39,137745,42449],{"class":45},[39,137747,94],{"class":53},[39,137749,34614],{"class":97},[39,137751,101],{"class":53},[39,137753,244],{"class":243},[39,137755,839],{"class":247},[39,137757,244],{"class":243},[39,137759,61],{"class":53},[39,137761,255],{"class":243},[39,137763,57723],{"class":247},[39,137765,244],{"class":243},[39,137767,61],{"class":53},[39,137769,595],{"class":57},[39,137771,80],{"class":53},[39,137773,137774],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,137775,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,137777,137778,137780,137782,137784],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,137779,113],{"class":112},[39,137781,101],{"class":53},[39,137783,118],{"class":97},[39,137785,80],{"class":53},[20,137787,458],{},[30,137789,137791],{"className":32,"code":137790,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dog cat cat\n",[15,137792,137793],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137794,137795],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137796,137790],{"class":45},[223,137798,137800],{"id":137799},"replace-only-the-first-2-matches","Replace only the first 2 matches",[30,137802,137804],{"className":32,"code":137803,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat cat cat\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\", 2)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137805,137806,137818,137852,137856],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137807,137808,137810,137812,137814,137816],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137809,34302],{"class":45},[39,137811,50],{"class":49},[39,137813,255],{"class":243},[39,137815,137735],{"class":247},[39,137817,2983],{"class":243},[39,137819,137820,137822,137824,137826,137828,137830,137832,137834,137836,137838,137840,137842,137844,137846,137848,137850],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137821,86],{"class":45},[39,137823,50],{"class":49},[39,137825,42449],{"class":45},[39,137827,94],{"class":53},[39,137829,34614],{"class":97},[39,137831,101],{"class":53},[39,137833,244],{"class":243},[39,137835,839],{"class":247},[39,137837,244],{"class":243},[39,137839,61],{"class":53},[39,137841,255],{"class":243},[39,137843,57723],{"class":247},[39,137845,244],{"class":243},[39,137847,61],{"class":53},[39,137849,64],{"class":57},[39,137851,80],{"class":53},[39,137853,137854],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,137855,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,137857,137858,137860,137862,137864],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,137859,113],{"class":112},[39,137861,101],{"class":53},[39,137863,118],{"class":97},[39,137865,80],{"class":53},[20,137867,458],{},[30,137869,137871],{"className":32,"code":137870,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"dog dog cat\n",[15,137872,137873],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137874,137875],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137876,137870],{"class":45},[20,137878,137879],{},"This is useful when you do not want to replace every match in the string.",[20,137881,137882,137883,94],{},"For more practical examples, see ",[173,137884,127664],{"href":124108},[134,137886,137888],{"id":137887},"replacing-characters-and-spaces","Replacing characters and spaces",[20,137890,137891,137893],{},[15,137892,124111],{}," can also change single characters.",[223,137895,137897],{"id":137896},"replace-one-character","Replace one character",[30,137899,137901],{"className":32,"code":137900,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nresult = text.replace(\"a\", \"o\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137902,137903,137915,137945,137949],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137904,137905,137907,137909,137911,137913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137906,34302],{"class":45},[39,137908,50],{"class":49},[39,137910,255],{"class":243},[39,137912,386],{"class":247},[39,137914,2983],{"class":243},[39,137916,137917,137919,137921,137923,137925,137927,137929,137931,137933,137935,137937,137939,137941,137943],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137918,86],{"class":45},[39,137920,50],{"class":49},[39,137922,42449],{"class":45},[39,137924,94],{"class":53},[39,137926,34614],{"class":97},[39,137928,101],{"class":53},[39,137930,244],{"class":243},[39,137932,173],{"class":247},[39,137934,244],{"class":243},[39,137936,61],{"class":53},[39,137938,255],{"class":243},[39,137940,60064],{"class":247},[39,137942,244],{"class":243},[39,137944,80],{"class":53},[39,137946,137947],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,137948,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,137950,137951,137953,137955,137957],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,137952,113],{"class":112},[39,137954,101],{"class":53},[39,137956,118],{"class":97},[39,137958,80],{"class":53},[20,137960,458],{},[30,137962,137964],{"className":32,"code":137963,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"bonono\n",[15,137965,137966],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137967,137968],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137969,137963],{"class":45},[223,137971,137973],{"id":137972},"remove-spaces","Remove spaces",[20,137975,137976],{},"You can remove text by replacing it with an empty string:",[30,137978,137980],{"className":32,"code":137979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a b c\"\nresult = text.replace(\" \", \"\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,137981,137982,137995,138019,138023],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,137983,137984,137986,137988,137990,137993],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,137985,34302],{"class":45},[39,137987,50],{"class":49},[39,137989,255],{"class":243},[39,137991,137992],{"class":247},"a b c",[39,137994,2983],{"class":243},[39,137996,137997,137999,138001,138003,138005,138007,138009,138011,138013,138015,138017],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,137998,86],{"class":45},[39,138000,50],{"class":49},[39,138002,42449],{"class":45},[39,138004,94],{"class":53},[39,138006,34614],{"class":97},[39,138008,101],{"class":53},[39,138010,244],{"class":243},[39,138012,255],{"class":243},[39,138014,61],{"class":53},[39,138016,5741],{"class":243},[39,138018,80],{"class":53},[39,138020,138021],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,138022,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,138024,138025,138027,138029,138031],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,138026,113],{"class":112},[39,138028,101],{"class":53},[39,138030,118],{"class":97},[39,138032,80],{"class":53},[20,138034,458],{},[30,138036,138038],{"className":32,"code":138037,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"abc\n",[15,138039,138040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138041,138042],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138043,138037],{"class":45},[20,138045,138046],{},"This is useful for simple cleanup tasks.",[20,138048,138049,138050,138054,138055,138059],{},"If you need to split text into parts instead of replacing it, see the ",[173,138051,125940,138052,1533],{"href":128626},[15,138053,60122],{},". If you only want to remove spaces at the beginning or end, the ",[173,138056,125940,138057,1533],{"href":136509},[15,138058,41262],{}," is often a better choice.",[134,138061,123587],{"id":123586},[20,138063,138064,123398],{},[15,138065,124111],{},[20,138067,126985,138068,796,138070,126992],{},[15,138069,112625],{},[15,138071,138072],{},"\"Cat\"",[30,138074,138076],{"className":32,"code":138075,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Cat cat CAT\"\nresult = text.replace(\"cat\", \"dog\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138077,138078,138091,138121,138125],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138079,138080,138082,138084,138086,138089],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138081,34302],{"class":45},[39,138083,50],{"class":49},[39,138085,255],{"class":243},[39,138087,138088],{"class":247},"Cat cat CAT",[39,138090,2983],{"class":243},[39,138092,138093,138095,138097,138099,138101,138103,138105,138107,138109,138111,138113,138115,138117,138119],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138094,86],{"class":45},[39,138096,50],{"class":49},[39,138098,42449],{"class":45},[39,138100,94],{"class":53},[39,138102,34614],{"class":97},[39,138104,101],{"class":53},[39,138106,244],{"class":243},[39,138108,839],{"class":247},[39,138110,244],{"class":243},[39,138112,61],{"class":53},[39,138114,255],{"class":243},[39,138116,57723],{"class":247},[39,138118,244],{"class":243},[39,138120,80],{"class":53},[39,138122,138123],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,138124,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,138126,138127,138129,138131,138133],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,138128,113],{"class":112},[39,138130,101],{"class":53},[39,138132,118],{"class":97},[39,138134,80],{"class":53},[20,138136,458],{},[30,138138,138140],{"className":32,"code":138139,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Cat dog CAT\n",[15,138141,138142],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138143,138144,138147],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138145,138146],{"class":45},"Cat dog ",[39,138148,138149],{"class":34067},"CAT\n",[20,138151,138152,138153,138155],{},"Only the lowercase ",[15,138154,112625],{}," was replaced.",[20,138157,138158],{},"This is a common beginner problem. If your replacement is not happening, check the letter case carefully.",[20,138160,138161,138162,94],{},"In some cases, converting text first can help. For example, see the ",[173,138163,125940,138164,1533],{"href":123667},[15,138165,123670],{},[134,138167,137,138169,11317],{"id":138168},"what-replace-returns",[15,138170,124111],{},[20,138172,138173,138175],{},[15,138174,124111],{}," returns a new string.",[20,138177,138178],{},"If no match is found:",[147,138180,138181,138184],{},[150,138182,138183],{},"no error happens",[150,138185,138186],{},"the returned string has the same content as the original",[20,138188,515],{},[30,138190,138192],{"className":32,"code":138191,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nresult = text.replace(\"x\", \"y\")\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,138193,138194,138206,138236,138240],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138195,138196,138198,138200,138202,138204],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138197,34302],{"class":45},[39,138199,50],{"class":49},[39,138201,255],{"class":243},[39,138203,3470],{"class":247},[39,138205,2983],{"class":243},[39,138207,138208,138210,138212,138214,138216,138218,138220,138222,138224,138226,138228,138230,138232,138234],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138209,86],{"class":45},[39,138211,50],{"class":49},[39,138213,42449],{"class":45},[39,138215,94],{"class":53},[39,138217,34614],{"class":97},[39,138219,101],{"class":53},[39,138221,244],{"class":243},[39,138223,1798],{"class":247},[39,138225,244],{"class":243},[39,138227,61],{"class":53},[39,138229,255],{"class":243},[39,138231,11357],{"class":247},[39,138233,244],{"class":243},[39,138235,80],{"class":53},[39,138237,138238],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,138239,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,138241,138242,138244,138246,138248],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,138243,113],{"class":112},[39,138245,101],{"class":53},[39,138247,118],{"class":97},[39,138249,80],{"class":53},[20,138251,458],{},[30,138253,138255],{"className":32,"code":138254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"hello\n",[15,138256,138257],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138258,138259],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138260,138254],{"class":45},[20,138262,138263],{},"Usually, you either store the result in a new variable:",[30,138265,138267],{"className":32,"code":138266,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nnew_text = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138268,138269,138281],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138270,138271,138273,138275,138277,138279],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138272,34302],{"class":45},[39,138274,50],{"class":49},[39,138276,255],{"class":243},[39,138278,59997],{"class":247},[39,138280,2983],{"class":243},[39,138282,138283,138285,138287,138289,138291,138293,138295,138297,138299,138301,138303,138305,138307,138309],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138284,129778],{"class":45},[39,138286,50],{"class":49},[39,138288,42449],{"class":45},[39,138290,94],{"class":53},[39,138292,34614],{"class":97},[39,138294,101],{"class":53},[39,138296,244],{"class":243},[39,138298,60182],{"class":247},[39,138300,244],{"class":243},[39,138302,61],{"class":53},[39,138304,255],{"class":243},[39,138306,6913],{"class":247},[39,138308,244],{"class":243},[39,138310,80],{"class":53},[20,138312,138313],{},"Or reassign it to the same variable:",[30,138315,138317],{"className":32,"code":138316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\ntext = text.replace(\"world\", \"Python\")\n",[15,138318,138319,138331],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138320,138321,138323,138325,138327,138329],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138322,34302],{"class":45},[39,138324,50],{"class":49},[39,138326,255],{"class":243},[39,138328,59997],{"class":247},[39,138330,2983],{"class":243},[39,138332,138333,138335,138337,138339,138341,138343,138345,138347,138349,138351,138353,138355,138357,138359],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138334,34302],{"class":45},[39,138336,50],{"class":49},[39,138338,42449],{"class":45},[39,138340,94],{"class":53},[39,138342,34614],{"class":97},[39,138344,101],{"class":53},[39,138346,244],{"class":243},[39,138348,60182],{"class":247},[39,138350,244],{"class":243},[39,138352,61],{"class":53},[39,138354,255],{"class":243},[39,138356,6913],{"class":247},[39,138358,244],{"class":243},[39,138360,80],{"class":53},[134,138362,4141],{"id":4140},[20,138364,138365,138366,145],{},"Here are some common mistakes when using ",[15,138367,124111],{},[147,138369,138370,138373,138377,138380],{},[150,138371,138372],{},"Forgetting to save the returned string",[150,138374,1030,138375,131159],{},[15,138376,124111],{},[150,138378,138379],{},"Using the wrong letter case",[150,138381,1160,138382,138384],{},[15,138383,124111],{}," with regex-based replacements",[223,138386,138388,138389,138391],{"id":138387},"mistake-calling-replace-without-assigning-the-result","Mistake: calling ",[15,138390,124111],{}," without assigning the result",[20,138393,138394,138395,145],{},"This does not update ",[15,138396,34323],{},[30,138398,138400],{"className":32,"code":138399,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138401,138402,138414,138440],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138403,138404,138406,138408,138410,138412],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138405,34302],{"class":45},[39,138407,50],{"class":49},[39,138409,255],{"class":243},[39,138411,137425],{"class":247},[39,138413,2983],{"class":243},[39,138415,138416,138418,138420,138422,138424,138426,138428,138430,138432,138434,138436,138438],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138417,34323],{"class":45},[39,138419,94],{"class":53},[39,138421,34614],{"class":97},[39,138423,101],{"class":53},[39,138425,244],{"class":243},[39,138427,137446],{"class":247},[39,138429,244],{"class":243},[39,138431,61],{"class":53},[39,138433,255],{"class":243},[39,138435,137455],{"class":247},[39,138437,244],{"class":243},[39,138439,80],{"class":53},[39,138441,138442,138444,138446,138448],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,138443,113],{"class":112},[39,138445,101],{"class":53},[39,138447,34323],{"class":97},[39,138449,80],{"class":53},[20,138451,458],{},[30,138453,138454],{"className":32,"code":137673,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,138455,138456],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138457,138458],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138459,137673],{"class":45},[20,138461,10420],{},[30,138463,138465],{"className":32,"code":138464,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"I like cats\"\ntext = text.replace(\"cats\", \"dogs\")\nprint(text)\n",[15,138466,138467,138479,138509],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138468,138469,138471,138473,138475,138477],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138470,34302],{"class":45},[39,138472,50],{"class":49},[39,138474,255],{"class":243},[39,138476,137425],{"class":247},[39,138478,2983],{"class":243},[39,138480,138481,138483,138485,138487,138489,138491,138493,138495,138497,138499,138501,138503,138505,138507],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138482,34302],{"class":45},[39,138484,50],{"class":49},[39,138486,42449],{"class":45},[39,138488,94],{"class":53},[39,138490,34614],{"class":97},[39,138492,101],{"class":53},[39,138494,244],{"class":243},[39,138496,137446],{"class":247},[39,138498,244],{"class":243},[39,138500,61],{"class":53},[39,138502,255],{"class":243},[39,138504,137455],{"class":247},[39,138506,244],{"class":243},[39,138508,80],{"class":53},[39,138510,138511,138513,138515,138517],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,138512,113],{"class":112},[39,138514,101],{"class":53},[39,138516,34323],{"class":97},[39,138518,80],{"class":53},[20,138520,458],{},[30,138522,138523],{"className":32,"code":137474,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,138524,138525],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138526,138527],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138528,137474],{"class":45},[223,138530,138532],{"id":138531},"mistake-different-capitalization","Mistake: different capitalization",[30,138534,138536],{"className":32,"code":138535,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello\"\nprint(text.replace(\"hello\", \"Hi\"))\n",[15,138537,138538,138550],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138539,138540,138542,138544,138546,138548],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138541,34302],{"class":45},[39,138543,50],{"class":49},[39,138545,255],{"class":243},[39,138547,34482],{"class":247},[39,138549,2983],{"class":243},[39,138551,138552,138554,138556,138558,138560,138562,138564,138566,138568,138570,138572,138574,138576,138578],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138553,113],{"class":112},[39,138555,101],{"class":53},[39,138557,34323],{"class":97},[39,138559,94],{"class":53},[39,138561,34614],{"class":97},[39,138563,101],{"class":53},[39,138565,244],{"class":243},[39,138567,3470],{"class":247},[39,138569,244],{"class":243},[39,138571,61],{"class":53},[39,138573,255],{"class":243},[39,138575,89526],{"class":247},[39,138577,244],{"class":243},[39,138579,1026],{"class":53},[20,138581,458],{},[30,138583,138584],{"className":32,"code":88539,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,138585,138586],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138587,138588],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138589,88539],{"class":45},[20,138591,138592,138593,796,138595,138597],{},"Nothing changed because ",[15,138594,64126],{},[15,138596,90008],{}," are not the same.",[223,138599,138601],{"id":138600},"mistake-expecting-only-one-match-to-change","Mistake: expecting only one match to change",[30,138603,138605],{"className":32,"code":138604,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\"))\n",[15,138606,138607,138620],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138608,138609,138611,138613,138615,138618],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138610,34302],{"class":45},[39,138612,50],{"class":49},[39,138614,255],{"class":243},[39,138616,138617],{"class":247},"red red red",[39,138619,2983],{"class":243},[39,138621,138622,138624,138626,138628,138630,138632,138634,138636,138638,138640,138642,138644,138646,138648],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138623,113],{"class":112},[39,138625,101],{"class":53},[39,138627,34323],{"class":97},[39,138629,94],{"class":53},[39,138631,34614],{"class":97},[39,138633,101],{"class":53},[39,138635,244],{"class":243},[39,138637,248],{"class":247},[39,138639,244],{"class":243},[39,138641,61],{"class":53},[39,138643,255],{"class":243},[39,138645,258],{"class":247},[39,138647,244],{"class":243},[39,138649,1026],{"class":53},[20,138651,458],{},[30,138653,138655],{"className":32,"code":138654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"blue blue blue\n",[15,138656,138657],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138658,138659],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138660,138654],{"class":45},[20,138662,138663,138664,145],{},"If you want only one replacement, use ",[15,138665,98],{},[30,138667,138669],{"className":32,"code":138668,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"red red red\"\nprint(text.replace(\"red\", \"blue\", 1))\n",[15,138670,138671,138683],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138672,138673,138675,138677,138679,138681],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138674,34302],{"class":45},[39,138676,50],{"class":49},[39,138678,255],{"class":243},[39,138680,138617],{"class":247},[39,138682,2983],{"class":243},[39,138684,138685,138687,138689,138691,138693,138695,138697,138699,138701,138703,138705,138707,138709,138711,138713,138715],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138686,113],{"class":112},[39,138688,101],{"class":53},[39,138690,34323],{"class":97},[39,138692,94],{"class":53},[39,138694,34614],{"class":97},[39,138696,101],{"class":53},[39,138698,244],{"class":243},[39,138700,248],{"class":247},[39,138702,244],{"class":243},[39,138704,61],{"class":53},[39,138706,255],{"class":243},[39,138708,258],{"class":247},[39,138710,244],{"class":243},[39,138712,61],{"class":53},[39,138714,595],{"class":57},[39,138716,1026],{"class":53},[20,138718,458],{},[30,138720,138722],{"className":32,"code":138721,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"blue red red\n",[15,138723,138724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138725,138726],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138727,138721],{"class":45},[223,138729,138731,138732,138734],{"id":138730},"mistake-using-replace-for-the-wrong-task","Mistake: using ",[15,138733,124111],{}," for the wrong task",[20,138736,138737],{},"Sometimes another method is a better fit:",[147,138739,138740,138747,138754],{},[150,138741,128,138742,138746],{},[173,138743,138744],{"href":128626},[15,138745,60122],{}," to break a string into a list",[150,138748,128,138749,138753],{},[173,138750,138751],{"href":136509},[15,138752,41262],{}," to remove whitespace from the start or end",[150,138755,128,138756,138758],{},[15,138757,124111],{}," for direct text replacement, not pattern matching",[134,138760,1454],{"id":1453},[223,138762,1468,138764,124267],{"id":138763},"does-replace-change-the-original-string",[15,138765,124111],{},[20,138767,138768],{},"No. It returns a new string. Strings in Python cannot be changed in place.",[223,138770,138772],{"id":138771},"what-happens-if-the-text-is-not-found","What happens if the text is not found?",[20,138774,138775],{},"No error is raised. The returned string will have the same content as the original.",[223,138777,138779],{"id":138778},"how-do-i-replace-only-the-first-match","How do I replace only the first match?",[20,138781,138782],{},"Use the third argument:",[30,138784,138786],{"className":32,"code":138785,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text.replace(old, new, 1)\n",[15,138787,138788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138789,138790,138792,138794,138796,138798,138800,138802,138804,138806,138808],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138791,34323],{"class":45},[39,138793,94],{"class":53},[39,138795,34614],{"class":97},[39,138797,101],{"class":53},[39,138799,137536],{"class":97},[39,138801,61],{"class":53},[39,138803,137541],{"class":97},[39,138805,61],{"class":53},[39,138807,595],{"class":57},[39,138809,80],{"class":53},[223,138811,1487,138813,138815],{"id":138812},"can-replace-remove-text",[15,138814,124111],{}," remove text?",[20,138817,138818],{},"Yes. Replace the target text with an empty string:",[30,138820,138822],{"className":32,"code":138821,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text.replace(\"x\", \"\")\n",[15,138823,138824],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138825,138826,138828,138830,138832,138834,138836,138838,138840,138842,138844],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138827,34323],{"class":45},[39,138829,94],{"class":53},[39,138831,34614],{"class":97},[39,138833,101],{"class":53},[39,138835,244],{"class":243},[39,138837,1798],{"class":247},[39,138839,244],{"class":243},[39,138841,61],{"class":53},[39,138843,5741],{"class":243},[39,138845,80],{"class":53},[223,138847,14514,138849,124276],{"id":138848},"is-replace-case-sensitive",[15,138850,124111],{},[20,138852,129468],{},[134,138854,1514],{"id":1513},[147,138856,138857,138861,138867,138873,138879],{},[150,138858,138859],{},[173,138860,124346],{"href":124108},[150,138862,138863],{},[173,138864,125940,138865,1533],{"href":128626},[15,138866,60122],{},[150,138868,138869],{},[173,138870,125940,138871,1533],{"href":136509},[15,138872,41262],{},[150,138874,138875],{},[173,138876,125940,138877,1533],{"href":123667},[15,138878,123670],{},[150,138880,138881],{},[173,138882,124695],{"href":50581},[1550,138884,138885],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":138887},[138888,138889,138891,138894,138895,138899,138903,138904,138906,138914,138924],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":137489,"depth":83,"text":138890},"What replace() does",{"id":5046,"depth":83,"text":5047,"children":138892},[138893],{"id":17007,"depth":109,"text":17008},{"id":5402,"depth":83,"text":5403},{"id":137704,"depth":83,"text":137705,"children":138896},[138897,138898],{"id":137718,"depth":109,"text":137719},{"id":137799,"depth":109,"text":137800},{"id":137887,"depth":83,"text":137888,"children":138900},[138901,138902],{"id":137896,"depth":109,"text":137897},{"id":137972,"depth":109,"text":137973},{"id":123586,"depth":83,"text":123587},{"id":138168,"depth":83,"text":138905},"What replace() returns",{"id":4140,"depth":83,"text":4141,"children":138907},[138908,138910,138911,138912],{"id":138387,"depth":109,"text":138909},"Mistake: calling replace() without assigning the result",{"id":138531,"depth":109,"text":138532},{"id":138600,"depth":109,"text":138601},{"id":138730,"depth":109,"text":138913},"Mistake: using replace() for the wrong task",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":138915},[138916,138918,138919,138920,138922],{"id":138763,"depth":109,"text":138917},"Does replace() change the original string?",{"id":138771,"depth":109,"text":138772},{"id":138778,"depth":109,"text":138779},{"id":138812,"depth":109,"text":138921},"Can replace() remove text?",{"id":138848,"depth":109,"text":138923},"Is replace() case-sensitive?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string replace method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method",{"title":137374,"description":138925},"reference\u002Fpython-string-replace-method","lYZLw0KoN3c2cS-3ldMsrOTghF8no1rzCHdzSFeQbp8",{"id":138932,"title":138933,"body":138934,"description":140953,"extension":1587,"meta":140954,"navigation":420,"path":140955,"seo":140956,"stem":140957,"__hash__":140958},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method.md","Python String split() Method",{"type":7,"value":138935,"toc":140917},[138936,138941,138946,138949,138960,138962,139017,139022,139027,139034,139036,139051,139053,139109,139111,139149,139154,139156,139180,139183,139196,139201,139203,139235,139237,139270,139276,139281,139284,139294,139297,139299,139355,139357,139407,139410,139418,139421,139477,139479,139552,139565,139573,139577,139588,139591,139594,139647,139649,139681,139684,139738,139740,139775,139778,139783,139788,139793,139796,139798,139856,139858,139892,139894,139909,139912,139914,139956,139958,139984,139989,139997,140000,140002,140084,140086,140137,140140,140151,140159,140161,140234,140236,140254,140258,140261,140265,140292,140294,140302,140306,140341,140343,140356,140360,140363,140402,140404,140421,140426,140431,140442,140445,140456,140458,140460,140486,140489,140538,140540,140557,140560,140562,140614,140616,140648,140651,140709,140714,140716,140721,140824,140826,140840,140842,140849,140854,140859,140864,140869,140874,140877,140881,140886,140888,140914],[10,138937,122940,138939,18],{"id":138938},"python-string-split-method",[15,138940,60122],{},[20,138942,122945,138943,138945],{},[15,138944,60122],{}," method breaks a string into smaller parts and returns those parts as a list.",[20,138947,138948],{},"Use it when you want to turn one string into multiple strings, such as:",[147,138950,138951,138954,138957],{},[150,138952,138953],{},"splitting a sentence into words",[150,138955,138956],{},"splitting comma-separated text",[150,138958,138959],{},"breaking simple structured text into pieces",[134,138961,1629],{"id":1628},[30,138963,138965],{"className":32,"code":138964,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\nprint(parts)\n# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[15,138966,138967,138980,139002,139012],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,138968,138969,138971,138973,138975,138978],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,138970,34302],{"class":45},[39,138972,50],{"class":49},[39,138974,255],{"class":243},[39,138976,138977],{"class":247},"apple,banana,cherry",[39,138979,2983],{"class":243},[39,138981,138982,138984,138986,138988,138990,138992,138994,138996,138998,139000],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,138983,42444],{"class":45},[39,138985,50],{"class":49},[39,138987,42449],{"class":45},[39,138989,94],{"class":53},[39,138991,34083],{"class":97},[39,138993,101],{"class":53},[39,138995,244],{"class":243},[39,138997,61],{"class":247},[39,138999,244],{"class":243},[39,139001,80],{"class":53},[39,139003,139004,139006,139008,139010],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,139005,113],{"class":112},[39,139007,101],{"class":53},[39,139009,42476],{"class":97},[39,139011,80],{"class":53},[39,139013,139014],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,139015,139016],{"class":124},"# ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']\n",[20,139018,128,139019,139021],{},[15,139020,60122],{}," when you want to turn one string into a list of smaller strings.",[134,139023,137,139025,140],{"id":139024},"what-split-does",[15,139026,60122],{},[20,139028,139029,131987,139031,94],{},[15,139030,60122],{},[3367,139032,139033],{},"string method",[20,139035,48533],{},[147,139037,139038,139041,139046],{},[150,139039,139040],{},"divides a string into parts",[150,139042,119243,139043],{},[3367,139044,139045],{},"new list of strings",[150,139047,119249,139048,139050],{},[3367,139049,4254],{}," change the original string",[20,139052,515],{},[30,139054,139056],{"className":32,"code":139055,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"red blue green\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(text)\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139057,139058,139071,139085,139089,139099],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139059,139060,139062,139064,139066,139069],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139061,34302],{"class":45},[39,139063,50],{"class":49},[39,139065,255],{"class":243},[39,139067,139068],{"class":247},"red blue green",[39,139070,2983],{"class":243},[39,139072,139073,139075,139077,139079,139081,139083],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139074,42444],{"class":45},[39,139076,50],{"class":49},[39,139078,42449],{"class":45},[39,139080,94],{"class":53},[39,139082,34083],{"class":97},[39,139084,8257],{"class":53},[39,139086,139087],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,139088,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,139090,139091,139093,139095,139097],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,139092,113],{"class":112},[39,139094,101],{"class":53},[39,139096,34323],{"class":97},[39,139098,80],{"class":53},[39,139100,139101,139103,139105,139107],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,139102,113],{"class":112},[39,139104,101],{"class":53},[39,139106,42476],{"class":97},[39,139108,80],{"class":53},[20,139110,458],{},[30,139112,139114],{"className":32,"code":139113,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"red blue green\n['red', 'blue', 'green']\n",[15,139115,139116,139121],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139117,139118],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139119,139120],{"class":45},"red blue green\n",[39,139122,139123,139125,139127,139129,139131,139133,139135,139137,139139,139141,139143,139145,139147],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139124,3525],{"class":53},[39,139126,629],{"class":243},[39,139128,248],{"class":247},[39,139130,629],{"class":243},[39,139132,61],{"class":53},[39,139134,2920],{"class":243},[39,139136,258],{"class":247},[39,139138,629],{"class":243},[39,139140,61],{"class":53},[39,139142,2920],{"class":243},[39,139144,275],{"class":247},[39,139146,629],{"class":243},[39,139148,3262],{"class":53},[20,139150,139151,139152,94],{},"If you are new to string methods, see ",[173,139153,124695],{"href":50581},[134,139155,1781],{"id":1780},[30,139157,139159],{"className":32,"code":139158,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.split(separator, maxsplit)\n",[15,139160,139161],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139162,139163,139165,139167,139169,139171,139173,139175,139178],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139164,60765],{"class":45},[39,139166,94],{"class":53},[39,139168,34083],{"class":97},[39,139170,101],{"class":53},[39,139172,133343],{"class":97},[39,139174,61],{"class":53},[39,139176,139177],{"class":97}," maxsplit",[39,139179,80],{"class":53},[20,139181,139182],{},"Both arguments are optional:",[147,139184,139185,139190],{},[150,139186,139187,139189],{},[15,139188,133343],{}," tells Python where to split",[150,139191,139192,139195],{},[15,139193,139194],{},"maxsplit"," limits how many splits happen",[20,139197,8487,139198,139200],{},[15,139199,133343],{}," is not given, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139202,515],{},[30,139204,139206],{"className":32,"code":139205,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"one two three\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,139207,139208,139221],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139209,139210,139212,139214,139216,139219],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139211,34302],{"class":45},[39,139213,50],{"class":49},[39,139215,255],{"class":243},[39,139217,139218],{"class":247},"one two three",[39,139220,2983],{"class":243},[39,139222,139223,139225,139227,139229,139231,139233],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139224,113],{"class":112},[39,139226,101],{"class":53},[39,139228,34323],{"class":97},[39,139230,94],{"class":53},[39,139232,34083],{"class":97},[39,139234,6810],{"class":53},[20,139236,458],{},[30,139238,139240],{"className":32,"code":139239,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['one', 'two', 'three']\n",[15,139241,139242],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139243,139244,139246,139248,139250,139252,139254,139256,139258,139260,139262,139264,139266,139268],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139245,3525],{"class":53},[39,139247,629],{"class":243},[39,139249,6201],{"class":247},[39,139251,629],{"class":243},[39,139253,61],{"class":53},[39,139255,2920],{"class":243},[39,139257,78861],{"class":247},[39,139259,629],{"class":243},[39,139261,61],{"class":53},[39,139263,2920],{"class":243},[39,139265,133825],{"class":247},[39,139267,629],{"class":243},[39,139269,3262],{"class":53},[134,139271,948,139273,139275],{"id":139272},"using-split-with-no-separator",[15,139274,60122],{}," with no separator",[20,139277,69764,139278,139280],{},[15,139279,60122],{}," with no argument, Python splits on whitespace.",[20,139282,139283],{},"Whitespace includes:",[147,139285,139286,139288,139291],{},[150,139287,10064],{},[150,139289,139290],{},"tabs",[150,139292,139293],{},"new lines",[20,139295,139296],{},"Python also treats repeated whitespace as a single separator.",[20,139298,515],{},[30,139300,139302],{"className":32,"code":139301,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python   is\\tfun\\nand useful\"\nparts = text.split()\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139303,139304,139327,139341,139345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139305,139306,139308,139310,139312,139315,139318,139320,139322,139325],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139307,34302],{"class":45},[39,139309,50],{"class":49},[39,139311,255],{"class":243},[39,139313,139314],{"class":247},"Python   is",[39,139316,139317],{"class":34067},"\\t",[39,139319,133079],{"class":247},[39,139321,86743],{"class":34067},[39,139323,139324],{"class":247},"and useful",[39,139326,2983],{"class":243},[39,139328,139329,139331,139333,139335,139337,139339],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139330,42444],{"class":45},[39,139332,50],{"class":49},[39,139334,42449],{"class":45},[39,139336,94],{"class":53},[39,139338,34083],{"class":97},[39,139340,8257],{"class":53},[39,139342,139343],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,139344,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,139346,139347,139349,139351,139353],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,139348,113],{"class":112},[39,139350,101],{"class":53},[39,139352,42476],{"class":97},[39,139354,80],{"class":53},[20,139356,458],{},[30,139358,139360],{"className":32,"code":139359,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['Python', 'is', 'fun', 'and', 'useful']\n",[15,139361,139362],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139363,139364,139366,139368,139370,139372,139374,139376,139378,139380,139382,139384,139386,139388,139390,139392,139394,139396,139398,139400,139403,139405],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139365,3525],{"class":53},[39,139367,629],{"class":243},[39,139369,6913],{"class":247},[39,139371,629],{"class":243},[39,139373,61],{"class":53},[39,139375,2920],{"class":243},[39,139377,11805],{"class":247},[39,139379,629],{"class":243},[39,139381,61],{"class":53},[39,139383,2920],{"class":243},[39,139385,133079],{"class":247},[39,139387,629],{"class":243},[39,139389,61],{"class":53},[39,139391,2920],{"class":243},[39,139393,129704],{"class":247},[39,139395,629],{"class":243},[39,139397,61],{"class":53},[39,139399,2920],{"class":243},[39,139401,139402],{"class":247},"useful",[39,139404,629],{"class":243},[39,139406,3262],{"class":53},[20,139408,139409],{},"This is useful when you want simple word splitting.",[223,139411,139413,10198,139415],{"id":139412},"split-vs-split",[15,139414,60122],{},[15,139416,139417],{},"split(' ')",[20,139419,139420],{},"These are not the same.",[30,139422,139424],{"className":32,"code":139423,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a  b   c\"\n\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(\" \"))\n",[15,139425,139426,139439,139443,139457],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139427,139428,139430,139432,139434,139437],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139429,34302],{"class":45},[39,139431,50],{"class":49},[39,139433,255],{"class":243},[39,139435,139436],{"class":247},"a  b   c",[39,139438,2983],{"class":243},[39,139440,139441],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139442,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,139444,139445,139447,139449,139451,139453,139455],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,139446,113],{"class":112},[39,139448,101],{"class":53},[39,139450,34323],{"class":97},[39,139452,94],{"class":53},[39,139454,34083],{"class":97},[39,139456,6810],{"class":53},[39,139458,139459,139461,139463,139465,139467,139469,139471,139473,139475],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,139460,113],{"class":112},[39,139462,101],{"class":53},[39,139464,34323],{"class":97},[39,139466,94],{"class":53},[39,139468,34083],{"class":97},[39,139470,101],{"class":53},[39,139472,244],{"class":243},[39,139474,255],{"class":243},[39,139476,1026],{"class":53},[20,139478,458],{},[30,139480,139482],{"className":32,"code":139481,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['a', 'b', 'c']\n['a', '', 'b', '', '', 'c']\n",[15,139483,139484,139512],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139485,139486,139488,139490,139492,139494,139496,139498,139500,139502,139504,139506,139508,139510],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139487,3525],{"class":53},[39,139489,629],{"class":243},[39,139491,173],{"class":247},[39,139493,629],{"class":243},[39,139495,61],{"class":53},[39,139497,2920],{"class":243},[39,139499,1070],{"class":247},[39,139501,629],{"class":243},[39,139503,61],{"class":53},[39,139505,2920],{"class":243},[39,139507,9352],{"class":247},[39,139509,629],{"class":243},[39,139511,3262],{"class":53},[39,139513,139514,139516,139518,139520,139522,139524,139526,139528,139530,139532,139534,139536,139538,139540,139542,139544,139546,139548,139550],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139515,3525],{"class":53},[39,139517,629],{"class":243},[39,139519,173],{"class":247},[39,139521,629],{"class":243},[39,139523,61],{"class":53},[39,139525,3463],{"class":243},[39,139527,61],{"class":53},[39,139529,2920],{"class":243},[39,139531,1070],{"class":247},[39,139533,629],{"class":243},[39,139535,61],{"class":53},[39,139537,3463],{"class":243},[39,139539,61],{"class":53},[39,139541,3463],{"class":243},[39,139543,61],{"class":53},[39,139545,2920],{"class":243},[39,139547,9352],{"class":247},[39,139549,629],{"class":243},[39,139551,3262],{"class":53},[147,139553,139554,139559],{},[150,139555,139556,139558],{},[15,139557,60122],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces",[150,139560,139561,139564],{},[15,139562,139563],{},"split(\" \")"," only splits on the space character and can create empty strings",[20,139566,139567,139568,139572],{},"If you need to clean extra spaces before or after text, ",[173,139569,125940,139570,1533],{"href":136509},[15,139571,41262],{}," is often useful.",[134,139574,139576],{"id":139575},"using-a-custom-separator","Using a custom separator",[20,139578,139579,139580,1814,139583,1818,139585,94],{},"You can pass your own separator, such as ",[15,139581,139582],{},"\",\"",[15,139584,133178],{},[15,139586,139587],{},"\"::\"",[20,139589,139590],{},"Python splits only where that exact separator appears.",[20,139592,139593],{},"Example with commas:",[30,139595,139597],{"className":32,"code":139596,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple,banana,cherry\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139598,139599,139611,139633,139637],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139600,139601,139603,139605,139607,139609],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139602,34302],{"class":45},[39,139604,50],{"class":49},[39,139606,255],{"class":243},[39,139608,138977],{"class":247},[39,139610,2983],{"class":243},[39,139612,139613,139615,139617,139619,139621,139623,139625,139627,139629,139631],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139614,42444],{"class":45},[39,139616,50],{"class":49},[39,139618,42449],{"class":45},[39,139620,94],{"class":53},[39,139622,34083],{"class":97},[39,139624,101],{"class":53},[39,139626,244],{"class":243},[39,139628,61],{"class":247},[39,139630,244],{"class":243},[39,139632,80],{"class":53},[39,139634,139635],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,139636,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,139638,139639,139641,139643,139645],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,139640,113],{"class":112},[39,139642,101],{"class":53},[39,139644,42476],{"class":97},[39,139646,80],{"class":53},[20,139648,458],{},[30,139650,139651],{"className":32,"code":78040,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,139652,139653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139654,139655,139657,139659,139661,139663,139665,139667,139669,139671,139673,139675,139677,139679],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139656,3525],{"class":53},[39,139658,629],{"class":243},[39,139660,377],{"class":247},[39,139662,629],{"class":243},[39,139664,61],{"class":53},[39,139666,2920],{"class":243},[39,139668,386],{"class":247},[39,139670,629],{"class":243},[39,139672,61],{"class":53},[39,139674,2920],{"class":243},[39,139676,3720],{"class":247},[39,139678,629],{"class":243},[39,139680,3262],{"class":53},[20,139682,139683],{},"Example with a longer separator:",[30,139685,139687],{"className":32,"code":139686,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"2024::10::31\"\nparts = text.split(\"::\")\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139688,139689,139702,139724,139728],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139690,139691,139693,139695,139697,139700],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139692,34302],{"class":45},[39,139694,50],{"class":49},[39,139696,255],{"class":243},[39,139698,139699],{"class":247},"2024::10::31",[39,139701,2983],{"class":243},[39,139703,139704,139706,139708,139710,139712,139714,139716,139718,139720,139722],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139705,42444],{"class":45},[39,139707,50],{"class":49},[39,139709,42449],{"class":45},[39,139711,94],{"class":53},[39,139713,34083],{"class":97},[39,139715,101],{"class":53},[39,139717,244],{"class":243},[39,139719,76257],{"class":247},[39,139721,244],{"class":243},[39,139723,80],{"class":53},[39,139725,139726],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,139727,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,139729,139730,139732,139734,139736],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,139731,113],{"class":112},[39,139733,101],{"class":53},[39,139735,42476],{"class":97},[39,139737,80],{"class":53},[20,139739,458],{},[30,139741,139743],{"className":32,"code":139742,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['2024', '10', '31']\n",[15,139744,139745],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139746,139747,139749,139751,139754,139756,139758,139760,139762,139764,139766,139768,139771,139773],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139748,3525],{"class":53},[39,139750,629],{"class":243},[39,139752,139753],{"class":247},"2024",[39,139755,629],{"class":243},[39,139757,61],{"class":53},[39,139759,2920],{"class":243},[39,139761,682],{"class":247},[39,139763,629],{"class":243},[39,139765,61],{"class":53},[39,139767,2920],{"class":243},[39,139769,139770],{"class":247},"31",[39,139772,629],{"class":243},[39,139774,3262],{"class":53},[20,139776,139777],{},"This is common when working with simple data formats.",[20,139779,139780,139781,94],{},"For more task-focused examples, see ",[173,139782,128623],{"href":128622},[134,139784,948,139786],{"id":139785},"using-maxsplit",[15,139787,139194],{},[20,139789,139790,139792],{},[15,139791,139194],{}," limits the number of splits.",[20,139794,139795],{},"After that limit is reached, the rest of the string stays together in the last item.",[20,139797,515],{},[30,139799,139801],{"className":32,"code":139800,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"name:age:city:country\"\nparts = text.split(\":\", 2)\n\nprint(parts)\n",[15,139802,139803,139816,139842,139846],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139804,139805,139807,139809,139811,139814],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139806,34302],{"class":45},[39,139808,50],{"class":49},[39,139810,255],{"class":243},[39,139812,139813],{"class":247},"name:age:city:country",[39,139815,2983],{"class":243},[39,139817,139818,139820,139822,139824,139826,139828,139830,139832,139834,139836,139838,139840],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139819,42444],{"class":45},[39,139821,50],{"class":49},[39,139823,42449],{"class":45},[39,139825,94],{"class":53},[39,139827,34083],{"class":97},[39,139829,101],{"class":53},[39,139831,244],{"class":243},[39,139833,145],{"class":247},[39,139835,244],{"class":243},[39,139837,61],{"class":53},[39,139839,64],{"class":57},[39,139841,80],{"class":53},[39,139843,139844],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,139845,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,139847,139848,139850,139852,139854],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,139849,113],{"class":112},[39,139851,101],{"class":53},[39,139853,42476],{"class":97},[39,139855,80],{"class":53},[20,139857,458],{},[30,139859,139861],{"className":32,"code":139860,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['name', 'age', 'city:country']\n",[15,139862,139863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139864,139865,139867,139869,139871,139873,139875,139877,139879,139881,139883,139885,139888,139890],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139866,3525],{"class":53},[39,139868,629],{"class":243},[39,139870,7285],{"class":247},[39,139872,629],{"class":243},[39,139874,61],{"class":53},[39,139876,2920],{"class":243},[39,139878,8911],{"class":247},[39,139880,629],{"class":243},[39,139882,61],{"class":53},[39,139884,2920],{"class":243},[39,139886,139887],{"class":247},"city:country",[39,139889,629],{"class":243},[39,139891,3262],{"class":53},[20,139893,1803],{},[147,139895,139896,139901,139906],{},[150,139897,139898,139899],{},"Python splits at the first ",[15,139900,145],{},[150,139902,139903,139904],{},"then splits at the second ",[15,139905,145],{},[150,139907,139908],{},"then stops",[20,139910,139911],{},"This is useful when only the first few separators matter.",[20,139913,51682],{},[30,139915,139917],{"className":32,"code":139916,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple banana cherry grape\"\nprint(text.split(\" \", 1))\n",[15,139918,139919,139932],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139920,139921,139923,139925,139927,139930],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139922,34302],{"class":45},[39,139924,50],{"class":49},[39,139926,255],{"class":243},[39,139928,139929],{"class":247},"apple banana cherry grape",[39,139931,2983],{"class":243},[39,139933,139934,139936,139938,139940,139942,139944,139946,139948,139950,139952,139954],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,139935,113],{"class":112},[39,139937,101],{"class":53},[39,139939,34323],{"class":97},[39,139941,94],{"class":53},[39,139943,34083],{"class":97},[39,139945,101],{"class":53},[39,139947,244],{"class":243},[39,139949,255],{"class":243},[39,139951,61],{"class":53},[39,139953,595],{"class":57},[39,139955,1026],{"class":53},[20,139957,458],{},[30,139959,139961],{"className":32,"code":139960,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['apple', 'banana cherry grape']\n",[15,139962,139963],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,139964,139965,139967,139969,139971,139973,139975,139977,139980,139982],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,139966,3525],{"class":53},[39,139968,629],{"class":243},[39,139970,377],{"class":247},[39,139972,629],{"class":243},[39,139974,61],{"class":53},[39,139976,2920],{"class":243},[39,139978,139979],{"class":247},"banana cherry grape",[39,139981,629],{"class":243},[39,139983,3262],{"class":53},[134,139985,137,139987,11317],{"id":139986},"what-split-returns",[15,139988,60122],{},[20,139990,139991,139992,139994,139995,94],{},"The result of ",[15,139993,60122],{}," is always a ",[3367,139996,7710],{},[20,139998,139999],{},"Each item in that list is a string.",[20,140001,515],{},[30,140003,140005],{"className":32,"code":140004,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat,dog,bird\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts)\nprint(type(parts))\nprint(parts[0])\n",[15,140006,140007,140020,140042,140046,140056,140070],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140008,140009,140011,140013,140015,140018],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140010,34302],{"class":45},[39,140012,50],{"class":49},[39,140014,255],{"class":243},[39,140016,140017],{"class":247},"cat,dog,bird",[39,140019,2983],{"class":243},[39,140021,140022,140024,140026,140028,140030,140032,140034,140036,140038,140040],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140023,42444],{"class":45},[39,140025,50],{"class":49},[39,140027,42449],{"class":45},[39,140029,94],{"class":53},[39,140031,34083],{"class":97},[39,140033,101],{"class":53},[39,140035,244],{"class":243},[39,140037,61],{"class":247},[39,140039,244],{"class":243},[39,140041,80],{"class":53},[39,140043,140044],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,140045,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,140047,140048,140050,140052,140054],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,140049,113],{"class":112},[39,140051,101],{"class":53},[39,140053,42476],{"class":97},[39,140055,80],{"class":53},[39,140057,140058,140060,140062,140064,140066,140068],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,140059,113],{"class":112},[39,140061,101],{"class":53},[39,140063,2845],{"class":2523},[39,140065,101],{"class":53},[39,140067,42476],{"class":97},[39,140069,1026],{"class":53},[39,140071,140072,140074,140076,140078,140080,140082],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,140073,113],{"class":112},[39,140075,101],{"class":53},[39,140077,42476],{"class":97},[39,140079,3525],{"class":53},[39,140081,221],{"class":57},[39,140083,3513],{"class":53},[20,140085,458],{},[30,140087,140089],{"className":32,"code":140088,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\ncat\n",[15,140090,140091,140119,140133],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140092,140093,140095,140097,140099,140101,140103,140105,140107,140109,140111,140113,140115,140117],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140094,3525],{"class":53},[39,140096,629],{"class":243},[39,140098,839],{"class":247},[39,140100,629],{"class":243},[39,140102,61],{"class":53},[39,140104,2920],{"class":243},[39,140106,57723],{"class":247},[39,140108,629],{"class":243},[39,140110,61],{"class":53},[39,140112,2920],{"class":243},[39,140114,57740],{"class":247},[39,140116,629],{"class":243},[39,140118,3262],{"class":53},[39,140120,140121,140123,140125,140127,140129,140131],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140122,2914],{"class":49},[39,140124,2917],{"class":1689},[39,140126,2920],{"class":243},[39,140128,7710],{"class":247},[39,140130,629],{"class":243},[39,140132,2927],{"class":49},[39,140134,140135],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,140136,85059],{"class":45},[20,140138,140139],{},"Because the result is a list, you can:",[147,140141,140142,140145,140148],{},[150,140143,140144],{},"loop over it",[150,140146,140147],{},"access items by index",[150,140149,140150],{},"combine items again later",[20,140152,140153,140154,94],{},"If you want to turn the list back into one string, use ",[173,140155,125940,140157,1533],{"href":140156},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-join-method\u002F",[15,140158,133021],{},[20,140160,515],{},[30,140162,140164],{"className":32,"code":140163,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"parts = ['cat', 'dog', 'bird']\ntext = \"-\".join(parts)\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140165,140166,140198,140220,140224],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140167,140168,140170,140172,140174,140176,140178,140180,140182,140184,140186,140188,140190,140192,140194,140196],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140169,42444],{"class":45},[39,140171,50],{"class":49},[39,140173,3249],{"class":53},[39,140175,629],{"class":243},[39,140177,839],{"class":247},[39,140179,629],{"class":243},[39,140181,61],{"class":53},[39,140183,2920],{"class":243},[39,140185,57723],{"class":247},[39,140187,629],{"class":243},[39,140189,61],{"class":53},[39,140191,2920],{"class":243},[39,140193,57740],{"class":247},[39,140195,629],{"class":243},[39,140197,3262],{"class":53},[39,140199,140200,140202,140204,140206,140208,140210,140212,140214,140216,140218],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140201,34302],{"class":45},[39,140203,50],{"class":49},[39,140205,255],{"class":243},[39,140207,1648],{"class":247},[39,140209,244],{"class":243},[39,140211,94],{"class":53},[39,140213,133098],{"class":97},[39,140215,101],{"class":53},[39,140217,42476],{"class":97},[39,140219,80],{"class":53},[39,140221,140222],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,140223,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,140225,140226,140228,140230,140232],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,140227,113],{"class":112},[39,140229,101],{"class":53},[39,140231,34323],{"class":97},[39,140233,80],{"class":53},[20,140235,458],{},[30,140237,140239],{"className":32,"code":140238,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"cat-dog-bird\n",[15,140240,140241],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140242,140243,140245,140247,140249,140251],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140244,839],{"class":45},[39,140246,1648],{"class":49},[39,140248,57723],{"class":45},[39,140250,1648],{"class":49},[39,140252,140253],{"class":45},"bird\n",[134,140255,140257],{"id":140256},"common-edge-cases","Common edge cases",[20,140259,140260],{},"Here are some cases that often surprise beginners.",[223,140262,140264],{"id":140263},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-no-separator","Splitting an empty string with no separator",[30,140266,140268],{"className":32,"code":140267,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split())\n",[15,140269,140270,140278],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140271,140272,140274,140276],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140273,34302],{"class":45},[39,140275,50],{"class":49},[39,140277,7498],{"class":243},[39,140279,140280,140282,140284,140286,140288,140290],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140281,113],{"class":112},[39,140283,101],{"class":53},[39,140285,34323],{"class":97},[39,140287,94],{"class":53},[39,140289,34083],{"class":97},[39,140291,6810],{"class":53},[20,140293,458],{},[30,140295,140296],{"className":32,"code":37908,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,140297,140298],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140299,140300],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140301,37908],{"class":53},[223,140303,140305],{"id":140304},"splitting-an-empty-string-with-a-custom-separator","Splitting an empty string with a custom separator",[30,140307,140309],{"className":32,"code":140308,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140310,140311,140319],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140312,140313,140315,140317],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140314,34302],{"class":45},[39,140316,50],{"class":49},[39,140318,7498],{"class":243},[39,140320,140321,140323,140325,140327,140329,140331,140333,140335,140337,140339],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140322,113],{"class":112},[39,140324,101],{"class":53},[39,140326,34323],{"class":97},[39,140328,94],{"class":53},[39,140330,34083],{"class":97},[39,140332,101],{"class":53},[39,140334,244],{"class":243},[39,140336,61],{"class":247},[39,140338,244],{"class":243},[39,140340,1026],{"class":53},[20,140342,458],{},[30,140344,140346],{"className":32,"code":140345,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['']\n",[15,140347,140348],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140349,140350,140352,140354],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140351,3525],{"class":53},[39,140353,3398],{"class":243},[39,140355,3262],{"class":53},[223,140357,140359],{"id":140358},"separator-not-found","Separator not found",[20,140361,140362],{},"If Python does not find the separator, it returns a one-item list containing the original string.",[30,140364,140366],{"className":32,"code":140365,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\nprint(text.split(\",\"))\n",[15,140367,140368,140380],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140369,140370,140372,140374,140376,140378],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140371,34302],{"class":45},[39,140373,50],{"class":49},[39,140375,255],{"class":243},[39,140377,3470],{"class":247},[39,140379,2983],{"class":243},[39,140381,140382,140384,140386,140388,140390,140392,140394,140396,140398,140400],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140383,113],{"class":112},[39,140385,101],{"class":53},[39,140387,34323],{"class":97},[39,140389,94],{"class":53},[39,140391,34083],{"class":97},[39,140393,101],{"class":53},[39,140395,244],{"class":243},[39,140397,61],{"class":247},[39,140399,244],{"class":243},[39,140401,1026],{"class":53},[20,140403,458],{},[30,140405,140407],{"className":32,"code":140406,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"['hello']\n",[15,140408,140409],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140410,140411,140413,140415,140417,140419],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140412,3525],{"class":53},[39,140414,629],{"class":243},[39,140416,3470],{"class":247},[39,140418,629],{"class":243},[39,140420,3262],{"class":53},[134,140422,4584,140424],{"id":140423},"when-to-use-split",[15,140425,60122],{},[20,140427,128,140428,140430],{},[15,140429,60122],{}," when you need to:",[147,140432,140433,140436,140439],{},[150,140434,140435],{},"split a sentence into words",[150,140437,140438],{},"split comma-separated values",[150,140440,140441],{},"break lines or simple structured text into parts",[20,140443,140444],{},"It is especially useful for tasks like:",[147,140446,140447,140450,140453],{},[150,140448,140449],{},"cleaning text",[150,140451,140452],{},"parsing user input",[150,140454,140455],{},"processing simple file content",[134,140457,944],{"id":943},[20,140459,83830],{},[147,140461,140462,140466,140472,140475,140483],{},[150,140463,50112,140464,131159],{},[15,140465,60122],{},[150,140467,140468,140469,140471],{},"forgetting that ",[15,140470,60122],{}," returns a list, not a string",[150,140473,140474],{},"using the wrong separator",[150,140476,140477,140478,140480,140481],{},"assuming ",[15,140479,139417],{}," behaves the same as ",[15,140482,60122],{},[150,140484,140485],{},"using an index that does not exist after splitting",[20,140487,140488],{},"Example of a common mistake:",[30,140490,140492],{"className":32,"code":140491,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"a,b,c\"\ntext.split(\",\")\n\nprint(text)\n",[15,140493,140494,140506,140524,140528],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140495,140496,140498,140500,140502,140504],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140497,34302],{"class":45},[39,140499,50],{"class":49},[39,140501,255],{"class":243},[39,140503,42437],{"class":247},[39,140505,2983],{"class":243},[39,140507,140508,140510,140512,140514,140516,140518,140520,140522],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140509,34323],{"class":45},[39,140511,94],{"class":53},[39,140513,34083],{"class":97},[39,140515,101],{"class":53},[39,140517,244],{"class":243},[39,140519,61],{"class":247},[39,140521,244],{"class":243},[39,140523,80],{"class":53},[39,140525,140526],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,140527,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,140529,140530,140532,140534,140536],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,140531,113],{"class":112},[39,140533,101],{"class":53},[39,140535,34323],{"class":97},[39,140537,80],{"class":53},[20,140539,458],{},[30,140541,140543],{"className":32,"code":140542,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a,b,c\n",[15,140544,140545],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140546,140547,140549,140551,140553,140555],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140548,173],{"class":45},[39,140550,61],{"class":53},[39,140552,1070],{"class":45},[39,140554,61],{"class":53},[39,140556,68837],{"class":45},[20,140558,140559],{},"This happens because the result was not saved.",[20,140561,10420],{},[30,140563,140564],{"className":32,"code":42424,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,140565,140566,140578,140600,140604],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140567,140568,140570,140572,140574,140576],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140569,34302],{"class":45},[39,140571,50],{"class":49},[39,140573,255],{"class":243},[39,140575,42437],{"class":247},[39,140577,2983],{"class":243},[39,140579,140580,140582,140584,140586,140588,140590,140592,140594,140596,140598],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140581,42444],{"class":45},[39,140583,50],{"class":49},[39,140585,42449],{"class":45},[39,140587,94],{"class":53},[39,140589,34083],{"class":97},[39,140591,101],{"class":53},[39,140593,244],{"class":243},[39,140595,61],{"class":247},[39,140597,244],{"class":243},[39,140599,80],{"class":53},[39,140601,140602],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,140603,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,140605,140606,140608,140610,140612],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,140607,113],{"class":112},[39,140609,101],{"class":53},[39,140611,42476],{"class":97},[39,140613,80],{"class":53},[20,140615,458],{},[30,140617,140618],{"className":32,"code":42483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,140619,140620],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140621,140622,140624,140626,140628,140630,140632,140634,140636,140638,140640,140642,140644,140646],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140623,3525],{"class":53},[39,140625,629],{"class":243},[39,140627,173],{"class":247},[39,140629,629],{"class":243},[39,140631,61],{"class":53},[39,140633,2920],{"class":243},[39,140635,1070],{"class":247},[39,140637,629],{"class":243},[39,140639,61],{"class":53},[39,140641,2920],{"class":243},[39,140643,9352],{"class":247},[39,140645,629],{"class":243},[39,140647,3262],{"class":53},[20,140649,140650],{},"Another common problem is using an index that does not exist:",[30,140652,140654],{"className":32,"code":140653,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"apple,banana\"\nparts = text.split(\",\")\n\nprint(parts[2])\n",[15,140655,140656,140669,140691,140695],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140657,140658,140660,140662,140664,140667],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140659,34302],{"class":45},[39,140661,50],{"class":49},[39,140663,255],{"class":243},[39,140665,140666],{"class":247},"apple,banana",[39,140668,2983],{"class":243},[39,140670,140671,140673,140675,140677,140679,140681,140683,140685,140687,140689],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140672,42444],{"class":45},[39,140674,50],{"class":49},[39,140676,42449],{"class":45},[39,140678,94],{"class":53},[39,140680,34083],{"class":97},[39,140682,101],{"class":53},[39,140684,244],{"class":243},[39,140686,61],{"class":247},[39,140688,244],{"class":243},[39,140690,80],{"class":53},[39,140692,140693],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,140694,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,140696,140697,140699,140701,140703,140705,140707],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,140698,113],{"class":112},[39,140700,101],{"class":53},[39,140702,42476],{"class":97},[39,140704,3525],{"class":53},[39,140706,104],{"class":57},[39,140708,3513],{"class":53},[20,140710,140711,140712,94],{},"This causes an error because there is no third item. If you need help with that, see ",[173,140713,68850],{"href":68849},[223,140715,60301],{"id":60300},[20,140717,8487,140718,140720],{},[15,140719,60122],{}," is not giving the result you expect, try printing these:",[30,140722,140724],{"className":32,"code":140723,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(text.split())\nprint(text.split(','))\nprint(len(text.split(',')))\nprint(type(text.split(',')))\n",[15,140725,140726,140736,140750,140772,140798],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140727,140728,140730,140732,140734],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140729,113],{"class":112},[39,140731,101],{"class":53},[39,140733,34323],{"class":97},[39,140735,80],{"class":53},[39,140737,140738,140740,140742,140744,140746,140748],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,140739,113],{"class":112},[39,140741,101],{"class":53},[39,140743,34323],{"class":97},[39,140745,94],{"class":53},[39,140747,34083],{"class":97},[39,140749,6810],{"class":53},[39,140751,140752,140754,140756,140758,140760,140762,140764,140766,140768,140770],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,140753,113],{"class":112},[39,140755,101],{"class":53},[39,140757,34323],{"class":97},[39,140759,94],{"class":53},[39,140761,34083],{"class":97},[39,140763,101],{"class":53},[39,140765,629],{"class":243},[39,140767,61],{"class":247},[39,140769,629],{"class":243},[39,140771,1026],{"class":53},[39,140773,140774,140776,140778,140780,140782,140784,140786,140788,140790,140792,140794,140796],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,140775,113],{"class":112},[39,140777,101],{"class":53},[39,140779,10775],{"class":112},[39,140781,101],{"class":53},[39,140783,34323],{"class":97},[39,140785,94],{"class":53},[39,140787,34083],{"class":97},[39,140789,101],{"class":53},[39,140791,629],{"class":243},[39,140793,61],{"class":247},[39,140795,629],{"class":243},[39,140797,2534],{"class":53},[39,140799,140800,140802,140804,140806,140808,140810,140812,140814,140816,140818,140820,140822],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,140801,113],{"class":112},[39,140803,101],{"class":53},[39,140805,2845],{"class":2523},[39,140807,101],{"class":53},[39,140809,34323],{"class":97},[39,140811,94],{"class":53},[39,140813,34083],{"class":97},[39,140815,101],{"class":53},[39,140817,629],{"class":243},[39,140819,61],{"class":247},[39,140821,629],{"class":243},[39,140823,2534],{"class":53},[20,140825,10784],{},[147,140827,140828,140831,140834,140837],{},[150,140829,140830],{},"what the original string looks like",[150,140832,140833],{},"which separator works",[150,140835,140836],{},"how many items were created",[150,140838,140839],{},"that the result is a list",[134,140841,1454],{"id":1453},[223,140843,1497,140845,796,140847,929],{"id":140844},"what-is-the-difference-between-split-and-split",[15,140846,60122],{},[15,140848,139417],{},[20,140850,140851,140853],{},[15,140852,60122],{}," uses any whitespace and ignores repeated spaces.",[20,140855,140856,140858],{},[15,140857,139417],{}," only splits on the space character and can produce empty strings.",[223,140860,1468,140862,124267],{"id":140861},"does-split-change-the-original-string",[15,140863,60122],{},[20,140865,140866,140867,56080],{},"No. Strings are immutable. ",[15,140868,60122],{},[223,140870,1458,140872,39571],{"id":140871},"what-does-maxsplit-do",[15,140873,139194],{},[20,140875,140876],{},"It sets the maximum number of splits. After that, the rest of the string stays in the final list item.",[223,140878,140880],{"id":140879},"why-am-i-getting-a-list-instead-of-a-string","Why am I getting a list instead of a string?",[20,140882,28673,140883,140885],{},[15,140884,60122],{}," always returns a list of strings.",[134,140887,1514],{"id":1513},[147,140889,140890,140894,140900,140906,140910],{},[150,140891,140892],{},[173,140893,129544],{"href":128622},[150,140895,140896],{},[173,140897,125940,140898,1533],{"href":140156},[15,140899,133021],{},[150,140901,140902],{},[173,140903,125940,140904,1533],{"href":136509},[15,140905,41262],{},[150,140907,140908],{},[173,140909,124695],{"href":50581},[150,140911,140912],{},[173,140913,68850],{"href":68849},[1550,140915,140916],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":140918},[140919,140920,140922,140923,140928,140929,140931,140933,140938,140940,140943,140952],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":139024,"depth":83,"text":140921},"What split() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":139272,"depth":83,"text":140924,"children":140925},"Using split() with no separator",[140926],{"id":139412,"depth":109,"text":140927},"split() vs split(' ')",{"id":139575,"depth":83,"text":139576},{"id":139785,"depth":83,"text":140930},"Using maxsplit",{"id":139986,"depth":83,"text":140932},"What split() returns",{"id":140256,"depth":83,"text":140257,"children":140934},[140935,140936,140937],{"id":140263,"depth":109,"text":140264},{"id":140304,"depth":109,"text":140305},{"id":140358,"depth":109,"text":140359},{"id":140423,"depth":83,"text":140939},"When to use split()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":140941},[140942],{"id":60300,"depth":109,"text":60301},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":140944},[140945,140947,140949,140951],{"id":140844,"depth":109,"text":140946},"What is the difference between split() and split(' ')?",{"id":140861,"depth":109,"text":140948},"Does split() change the original string?",{"id":140871,"depth":109,"text":140950},"What does maxsplit do?",{"id":140879,"depth":109,"text":140880},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string split method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-split-method",{"title":138933,"description":140953},"reference\u002Fpython-string-split-method","cCGXdWx7_YYjF-3k7XJupk3UdiQY7ADrDK7YZ7Egp2A",{"id":140960,"title":140961,"body":140962,"description":142905,"extension":1587,"meta":142906,"navigation":420,"path":142907,"seo":142908,"stem":142909,"__hash__":142910},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method.md","Python String startswith() Method",{"type":7,"value":140963,"toc":142864},[140964,140969,140974,140981,141054,141059,141064,141069,141085,141087,141157,141159,141161,141181,141183,141228,141233,141235,141333,141338,141342,141347,141351,141354,141396,141400,141403,141448,141452,141455,141505,141509,141514,141566,141568,141573,141584,141589,141669,141671,141683,141692,141699,141714,141716,141831,141837,141841,141844,141849,141991,141994,142001,142003,142007,142015,142084,142090,142139,142144,142149,142151,142171,142173,142239,142241,142245,142248,142252,142293,142295,142328,142333,142336,142363,142365,142408,142415,142420,142430,142496,142500,142508,142513,142564,142568,142571,142573,142582,142584,142634,142636,142743,142745,142750,142757,142763,142766,142797,142802,142804,142811,142819,142828,142831,142833,142861],[10,140965,122940,140967,18],{"id":140966},"python-string-startswith-method",[15,140968,127308],{},[20,140970,122945,140971,140973],{},[15,140972,127308],{}," method checks whether a string begins with specific text.",[20,140975,126006,140976,177,140978,140980],{},[15,140977,939],{},[15,140979,1038],{}," answer. Beginners often use it to test commands, filenames, labels, and other text patterns.",[30,140982,140984],{"className":32,"code":140983,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python Beginner Help\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Python\"))   # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"Beginner\")) # False\n",[15,140985,140986,140999,141003,141028],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,140987,140988,140990,140992,140994,140997],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,140989,34302],{"class":45},[39,140991,50],{"class":49},[39,140993,255],{"class":243},[39,140995,140996],{"class":247},"Python Beginner Help",[39,140998,2983],{"class":243},[39,141000,141001],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141002,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,141004,141005,141007,141009,141011,141013,141016,141018,141020,141022,141024,141026],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,141006,113],{"class":112},[39,141008,101],{"class":53},[39,141010,34323],{"class":97},[39,141012,94],{"class":53},[39,141014,141015],{"class":97},"startswith",[39,141017,101],{"class":53},[39,141019,244],{"class":243},[39,141021,6913],{"class":247},[39,141023,244],{"class":243},[39,141025,303],{"class":53},[39,141027,1367],{"class":124},[39,141029,141030,141032,141034,141036,141038,141040,141042,141044,141047,141049,141051],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,141031,113],{"class":112},[39,141033,101],{"class":53},[39,141035,34323],{"class":97},[39,141037,94],{"class":53},[39,141039,141015],{"class":97},[39,141041,101],{"class":53},[39,141043,244],{"class":243},[39,141045,141046],{"class":247},"Beginner",[39,141048,244],{"class":243},[39,141050,303],{"class":53},[39,141052,141053],{"class":124}," # False\n",[20,141055,128,141056,141058],{},[15,141057,127308],{}," when you want to check whether a string begins with certain text.",[134,141060,137,141062,140],{"id":141061},"what-startswith-does",[15,141063,127308],{},[20,141065,141066,141068],{},[15,141067,127308],{}," is a string method that checks the beginning of a string.",[147,141070,141071,141074,141080,141082],{},[150,141072,141073],{},"It checks whether a string begins with a given value",[150,141075,4768,141076,177,141078],{},[15,141077,939],{},[15,141079,1038],{},[150,141081,123083],{},[150,141083,141084],{},"It works only on strings",[20,141086,515],{},[30,141088,141090],{"className":32,"code":141089,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Python\"\n\nprint(name.startswith(\"Py\"))   # True\nprint(name.startswith(\"py\"))   # False\n",[15,141091,141092,141104,141108,141133],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141093,141094,141096,141098,141100,141102],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141095,7493],{"class":45},[39,141097,50],{"class":49},[39,141099,255],{"class":243},[39,141101,6913],{"class":247},[39,141103,2983],{"class":243},[39,141105,141106],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141107,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,141109,141110,141112,141114,141116,141118,141120,141122,141124,141127,141129,141131],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,141111,113],{"class":112},[39,141113,101],{"class":53},[39,141115,7285],{"class":97},[39,141117,94],{"class":53},[39,141119,141015],{"class":97},[39,141121,101],{"class":53},[39,141123,244],{"class":243},[39,141125,141126],{"class":247},"Py",[39,141128,244],{"class":243},[39,141130,303],{"class":53},[39,141132,1367],{"class":124},[39,141134,141135,141137,141139,141141,141143,141145,141147,141149,141151,141153,141155],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,141136,113],{"class":112},[39,141138,101],{"class":53},[39,141140,7285],{"class":97},[39,141142,94],{"class":53},[39,141144,141015],{"class":97},[39,141146,101],{"class":53},[39,141148,244],{"class":243},[39,141150,128385],{"class":247},[39,141152,244],{"class":243},[39,141154,303],{"class":53},[39,141156,1385],{"class":124},[134,141158,1781],{"id":1780},[20,141160,41992],{},[30,141162,141164],{"className":32,"code":141163,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.startswith(prefix)\n",[15,141165,141166],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141167,141168,141170,141172,141174,141176,141179],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141169,60765],{"class":45},[39,141171,94],{"class":53},[39,141173,141015],{"class":97},[39,141175,101],{"class":53},[39,141177,141178],{"class":97},"prefix",[39,141180,80],{"class":53},[20,141182,30377],{},[30,141184,141186],{"className":32,"code":141185,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.startswith(prefix, start)\nstring.startswith(prefix, start, end)\n",[15,141187,141188,141206],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141189,141190,141192,141194,141196,141198,141200,141202,141204],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141191,60765],{"class":45},[39,141193,94],{"class":53},[39,141195,141015],{"class":97},[39,141197,101],{"class":53},[39,141199,141178],{"class":97},[39,141201,61],{"class":53},[39,141203,35666],{"class":97},[39,141205,80],{"class":53},[39,141207,141208,141210,141212,141214,141216,141218,141220,141222,141224,141226],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141209,60765],{"class":45},[39,141211,94],{"class":53},[39,141213,141015],{"class":97},[39,141215,101],{"class":53},[39,141217,141178],{"class":97},[39,141219,61],{"class":53},[39,141221,35666],{"class":97},[39,141223,61],{"class":53},[39,141225,64632],{"class":97},[39,141227,80],{"class":53},[20,141229,20383,141230,141232],{},[15,141231,141178],{}," is the text you want to check at the beginning.",[20,141234,515],{},[30,141236,141238],{"className":32,"code":141237,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"hello\"))      # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))      # False\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))   # True\n",[15,141239,141240,141252,141256,141281,141305],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141241,141242,141244,141246,141248,141250],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141243,34302],{"class":45},[39,141245,50],{"class":49},[39,141247,255],{"class":243},[39,141249,59997],{"class":247},[39,141251,2983],{"class":243},[39,141253,141254],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141255,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,141257,141258,141260,141262,141264,141266,141268,141270,141272,141274,141276,141278],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,141259,113],{"class":112},[39,141261,101],{"class":53},[39,141263,34323],{"class":97},[39,141265,94],{"class":53},[39,141267,141015],{"class":97},[39,141269,101],{"class":53},[39,141271,244],{"class":243},[39,141273,3470],{"class":247},[39,141275,244],{"class":243},[39,141277,303],{"class":53},[39,141279,141280],{"class":124},"      # True\n",[39,141282,141283,141285,141287,141289,141291,141293,141295,141297,141299,141301,141303],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,141284,113],{"class":112},[39,141286,101],{"class":53},[39,141288,34323],{"class":97},[39,141290,94],{"class":53},[39,141292,141015],{"class":97},[39,141294,101],{"class":53},[39,141296,244],{"class":243},[39,141298,60182],{"class":247},[39,141300,244],{"class":243},[39,141302,303],{"class":53},[39,141304,20812],{"class":124},[39,141306,141307,141309,141311,141313,141315,141317,141319,141321,141323,141325,141327,141329,141331],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,141308,113],{"class":112},[39,141310,101],{"class":53},[39,141312,34323],{"class":97},[39,141314,94],{"class":53},[39,141316,141015],{"class":97},[39,141318,101],{"class":53},[39,141320,244],{"class":243},[39,141322,60182],{"class":247},[39,141324,244],{"class":243},[39,141326,61],{"class":53},[39,141328,37256],{"class":57},[39,141330,303],{"class":53},[39,141332,1367],{"class":124},[20,141334,141335,141336,94],{},"If you are new to Python strings, see ",[173,141337,124695],{"href":50581},[134,141339,141341],{"id":141340},"parameters-explained","Parameters explained",[20,141343,141344,141346],{},[15,141345,127308],{}," can take up to three arguments.",[223,141348,141349],{"id":141178},[15,141350,141178],{},[20,141352,141353],{},"This is the starting text you want to match.",[30,141355,141357],{"className":32,"code":141356,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"banana\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"ban\"))  # True\n",[15,141358,141359,141371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141360,141361,141363,141365,141367,141369],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141362,34302],{"class":45},[39,141364,50],{"class":49},[39,141366,255],{"class":243},[39,141368,386],{"class":247},[39,141370,2983],{"class":243},[39,141372,141373,141375,141377,141379,141381,141383,141385,141387,141390,141392,141394],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141374,113],{"class":112},[39,141376,101],{"class":53},[39,141378,34323],{"class":97},[39,141380,94],{"class":53},[39,141382,141015],{"class":97},[39,141384,101],{"class":53},[39,141386,244],{"class":243},[39,141388,141389],{"class":247},"ban",[39,141391,244],{"class":243},[39,141393,303],{"class":53},[39,141395,1156],{"class":124},[223,141397,141398],{"id":35687},[15,141399,35687],{},[20,141401,141402],{},"This optional number tells Python where to begin checking.",[30,141404,141406],{"className":32,"code":141405,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\", 6))  # True\n",[15,141407,141408,141420],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141409,141410,141412,141414,141416,141418],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141411,34302],{"class":45},[39,141413,50],{"class":49},[39,141415,255],{"class":243},[39,141417,59997],{"class":247},[39,141419,2983],{"class":243},[39,141421,141422,141424,141426,141428,141430,141432,141434,141436,141438,141440,141442,141444,141446],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141423,113],{"class":112},[39,141425,101],{"class":53},[39,141427,34323],{"class":97},[39,141429,94],{"class":53},[39,141431,141015],{"class":97},[39,141433,101],{"class":53},[39,141435,244],{"class":243},[39,141437,60182],{"class":247},[39,141439,244],{"class":243},[39,141441,61],{"class":53},[39,141443,37256],{"class":57},[39,141445,303],{"class":53},[39,141447,1156],{"class":124},[223,141449,141450],{"id":52263},[15,141451,52263],{},[20,141453,141454],{},"This optional number tells Python where to stop checking.",[30,141456,141458],{"className":32,"code":141457,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"wor\", 6, 9))  # True\n",[15,141459,141460,141472],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141461,141462,141464,141466,141468,141470],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141463,34302],{"class":45},[39,141465,50],{"class":49},[39,141467,255],{"class":243},[39,141469,59997],{"class":247},[39,141471,2983],{"class":243},[39,141473,141474,141476,141478,141480,141482,141484,141486,141488,141491,141493,141495,141497,141499,141501,141503],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141475,113],{"class":112},[39,141477,101],{"class":53},[39,141479,34323],{"class":97},[39,141481,94],{"class":53},[39,141483,141015],{"class":97},[39,141485,101],{"class":53},[39,141487,244],{"class":243},[39,141489,141490],{"class":247},"wor",[39,141492,244],{"class":243},[39,141494,61],{"class":53},[39,141496,37256],{"class":57},[39,141498,61],{"class":53},[39,141500,1343],{"class":57},[39,141502,303],{"class":53},[39,141504,1156],{"class":124},[223,141506,141508],{"id":141507},"multiple-prefixes","Multiple prefixes",[20,141510,141511,141513],{},[15,141512,141178],{}," can also be a tuple of strings. This lets you test more than one possible beginning.",[30,141515,141517],{"className":32,"code":141516,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"img_001.png\"\nprint(filename.startswith((\"img_\", \"photo_\")))  # True\n",[15,141518,141519,141532],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141520,141521,141523,141525,141527,141530],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141522,126023],{"class":45},[39,141524,50],{"class":49},[39,141526,255],{"class":243},[39,141528,141529],{"class":247},"img_001.png",[39,141531,2983],{"class":243},[39,141533,141534,141536,141538,141540,141542,141544,141546,141548,141551,141553,141555,141557,141560,141562,141564],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141535,113],{"class":112},[39,141537,101],{"class":53},[39,141539,126041],{"class":97},[39,141541,94],{"class":53},[39,141543,141015],{"class":97},[39,141545,5126],{"class":53},[39,141547,244],{"class":243},[39,141549,141550],{"class":247},"img_",[39,141552,244],{"class":243},[39,141554,61],{"class":53},[39,141556,255],{"class":243},[39,141558,141559],{"class":247},"photo_",[39,141561,244],{"class":243},[39,141563,50697],{"class":53},[39,141565,1156],{"class":124},[134,141567,17032],{"id":17031},[20,141569,141570,141572],{},[15,141571,127308],{}," always returns a Boolean value:",[147,141574,141575,141580],{},[150,141576,141577,141579],{},[15,141578,939],{}," if the string starts with the prefix",[150,141581,141582,126625],{},[15,141583,1038],{},[20,141585,141586,141587,6788],{},"This makes it useful in ",[15,141588,511],{},[30,141590,141592],{"className":32,"code":141591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"command = \"\u002Fhelp\"\n\nif command.startswith(\"\u002F\"):\n    print(\"This looks like a command.\")\nelse:\n    print(\"This is normal text.\")\n",[15,141593,141594,141608,141612,141633,141648,141654],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141595,141596,141599,141601,141603,141606],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141597,141598],{"class":45},"command ",[39,141600,50],{"class":49},[39,141602,255],{"class":243},[39,141604,141605],{"class":247},"\u002Fhelp",[39,141607,2983],{"class":243},[39,141609,141610],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141611,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,141613,141614,141616,141619,141621,141623,141625,141627,141629,141631],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,141615,511],{"class":572},[39,141617,141618],{"class":45}," command",[39,141620,94],{"class":53},[39,141622,141015],{"class":97},[39,141624,101],{"class":53},[39,141626,244],{"class":243},[39,141628,126832],{"class":247},[39,141630,244],{"class":243},[39,141632,7958],{"class":53},[39,141634,141635,141637,141639,141641,141644,141646],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,141636,603],{"class":112},[39,141638,101],{"class":53},[39,141640,244],{"class":243},[39,141642,141643],{"class":247},"This looks like a command.",[39,141645,244],{"class":243},[39,141647,80],{"class":53},[39,141649,141650,141652],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,141651,27046],{"class":572},[39,141653,598],{"class":53},[39,141655,141656,141658,141660,141662,141665,141667],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,141657,603],{"class":112},[39,141659,101],{"class":53},[39,141661,244],{"class":243},[39,141663,141664],{"class":247},"This is normal text.",[39,141666,244],{"class":243},[39,141668,80],{"class":53},[20,141670,458],{},[30,141672,141674],{"className":32,"code":141673,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"This looks like a command.\n",[15,141675,141676],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141677,141678,141681],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141679,141680],{"class":45},"This looks like a command",[39,141682,639],{"class":53},[134,141684,948,141686,1163,141688,796,141690],{"id":141685},"using-startswith-with-start-and-end",[15,141687,127308],{},[15,141689,35687],{},[15,141691,52263],{},[20,141693,1604,141694,796,141696,141698],{},[15,141695,35687],{},[15,141697,52263],{}," arguments let you check part of a string without slicing it yourself.",[147,141700,141701,141706,141711],{},[150,141702,141703,141705],{},[15,141704,35687],{}," lets you begin checking from a later position",[150,141707,141708,141710],{},[15,141709,52263],{}," limits the part of the string being checked",[150,141712,141713],{},"This is useful when working with substrings",[20,141715,515],{},[30,141717,141719],{"className":32,"code":141718,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"one two three\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"two\", 4))        # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 13))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"three\", 8, 12))  # False\n",[15,141720,141721,141733,141737,141766,141799],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141722,141723,141725,141727,141729,141731],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141724,34302],{"class":45},[39,141726,50],{"class":49},[39,141728,255],{"class":243},[39,141730,139218],{"class":247},[39,141732,2983],{"class":243},[39,141734,141735],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141736,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,141738,141739,141741,141743,141745,141747,141749,141751,141753,141755,141757,141759,141761,141763],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,141740,113],{"class":112},[39,141742,101],{"class":53},[39,141744,34323],{"class":97},[39,141746,94],{"class":53},[39,141748,141015],{"class":97},[39,141750,101],{"class":53},[39,141752,244],{"class":243},[39,141754,78861],{"class":247},[39,141756,244],{"class":243},[39,141758,61],{"class":53},[39,141760,2080],{"class":57},[39,141762,303],{"class":53},[39,141764,141765],{"class":124},"        # True\n",[39,141767,141768,141770,141772,141774,141776,141778,141780,141782,141784,141786,141788,141790,141792,141795,141797],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,141769,113],{"class":112},[39,141771,101],{"class":53},[39,141773,34323],{"class":97},[39,141775,94],{"class":53},[39,141777,141015],{"class":97},[39,141779,101],{"class":53},[39,141781,244],{"class":243},[39,141783,133825],{"class":247},[39,141785,244],{"class":243},[39,141787,61],{"class":53},[39,141789,5975],{"class":57},[39,141791,61],{"class":53},[39,141793,141794],{"class":57}," 13",[39,141796,303],{"class":53},[39,141798,1156],{"class":124},[39,141800,141801,141803,141805,141807,141809,141811,141813,141815,141817,141819,141821,141823,141825,141827,141829],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,141802,113],{"class":112},[39,141804,101],{"class":53},[39,141806,34323],{"class":97},[39,141808,94],{"class":53},[39,141810,141015],{"class":97},[39,141812,101],{"class":53},[39,141814,244],{"class":243},[39,141816,133825],{"class":247},[39,141818,244],{"class":243},[39,141820,61],{"class":53},[39,141822,5975],{"class":57},[39,141824,61],{"class":53},[39,141826,30556],{"class":57},[39,141828,303],{"class":53},[39,141830,4395],{"class":124},[20,141832,141833,141834,141836],{},"In the last example, the ",[15,141835,52263],{}," position stops too early, so the full prefix cannot match.",[134,141838,141840],{"id":141839},"using-multiple-prefixes","Using multiple prefixes",[20,141842,141843],{},"If more than one prefix is allowed, pass a tuple.",[20,141845,141846,141847,48954],{},"This is cleaner than writing several ",[15,141848,40448],{},[30,141850,141852],{"className":32,"code":141851,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename1 = \"img_101.jpg\"\nfilename2 = \"photo_202.jpg\"\nfilename3 = \"doc_303.jpg\"\n\nallowed = (\"img_\", \"photo_\")\n\nprint(filename1.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename2.startswith(allowed))  # True\nprint(filename3.startswith(allowed))  # False\n",[15,141853,141854,141868,141882,141896,141900,141924,141928,141949,141970],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,141855,141856,141859,141861,141863,141866],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,141857,141858],{"class":45},"filename1 ",[39,141860,50],{"class":49},[39,141862,255],{"class":243},[39,141864,141865],{"class":247},"img_101.jpg",[39,141867,2983],{"class":243},[39,141869,141870,141873,141875,141877,141880],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,141871,141872],{"class":45},"filename2 ",[39,141874,50],{"class":49},[39,141876,255],{"class":243},[39,141878,141879],{"class":247},"photo_202.jpg",[39,141881,2983],{"class":243},[39,141883,141884,141887,141889,141891,141894],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,141885,141886],{"class":45},"filename3 ",[39,141888,50],{"class":49},[39,141890,255],{"class":243},[39,141892,141893],{"class":247},"doc_303.jpg",[39,141895,2983],{"class":243},[39,141897,141898],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,141899,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,141901,141902,141904,141906,141908,141910,141912,141914,141916,141918,141920,141922],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,141903,127235],{"class":45},[39,141905,50],{"class":49},[39,141907,54],{"class":53},[39,141909,244],{"class":243},[39,141911,141550],{"class":247},[39,141913,244],{"class":243},[39,141915,61],{"class":53},[39,141917,255],{"class":243},[39,141919,141559],{"class":247},[39,141921,244],{"class":243},[39,141923,80],{"class":53},[39,141925,141926],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,141927,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,141929,141930,141932,141934,141937,141939,141941,141943,141945,141947],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,141931,113],{"class":112},[39,141933,101],{"class":53},[39,141935,141936],{"class":97},"filename1",[39,141938,94],{"class":53},[39,141940,141015],{"class":97},[39,141942,101],{"class":53},[39,141944,127287],{"class":97},[39,141946,303],{"class":53},[39,141948,1156],{"class":124},[39,141950,141951,141953,141955,141958,141960,141962,141964,141966,141968],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,141952,113],{"class":112},[39,141954,101],{"class":53},[39,141956,141957],{"class":97},"filename2",[39,141959,94],{"class":53},[39,141961,141015],{"class":97},[39,141963,101],{"class":53},[39,141965,127287],{"class":97},[39,141967,303],{"class":53},[39,141969,1156],{"class":124},[39,141971,141972,141974,141976,141979,141981,141983,141985,141987,141989],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,141973,113],{"class":112},[39,141975,101],{"class":53},[39,141977,141978],{"class":97},"filename3",[39,141980,94],{"class":53},[39,141982,141015],{"class":97},[39,141984,101],{"class":53},[39,141986,127287],{"class":97},[39,141988,303],{"class":53},[39,141990,4395],{"class":124},[20,141992,141993],{},"This is especially helpful when checking file naming rules.",[20,141995,74362,141996,142000],{},[173,141997,125940,141998,1533],{"href":129533},[15,141999,125998],{}," if you need to check the end of a string instead.",[134,142002,123587],{"id":123586},[20,142004,142005,123398],{},[15,142006,127308],{},[20,142008,126985,142009,796,142012,126992],{},[15,142010,142011],{},"\"Python\"",[15,142013,142014],{},"\"python\"",[30,142016,142018],{"className":32,"code":142017,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))  # True\nprint(text.startswith(\"py\"))  # False\n",[15,142019,142020,142032,142036,142060],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142021,142022,142024,142026,142028,142030],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142023,34302],{"class":45},[39,142025,50],{"class":49},[39,142027,255],{"class":243},[39,142029,6913],{"class":247},[39,142031,2983],{"class":243},[39,142033,142034],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142035,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,142037,142038,142040,142042,142044,142046,142048,142050,142052,142054,142056,142058],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,142039,113],{"class":112},[39,142041,101],{"class":53},[39,142043,34323],{"class":97},[39,142045,94],{"class":53},[39,142047,141015],{"class":97},[39,142049,101],{"class":53},[39,142051,244],{"class":243},[39,142053,141126],{"class":247},[39,142055,244],{"class":243},[39,142057,303],{"class":53},[39,142059,1156],{"class":124},[39,142061,142062,142064,142066,142068,142070,142072,142074,142076,142078,142080,142082],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,142063,113],{"class":112},[39,142065,101],{"class":53},[39,142067,34323],{"class":97},[39,142069,94],{"class":53},[39,142071,141015],{"class":97},[39,142073,101],{"class":53},[39,142075,244],{"class":243},[39,142077,128385],{"class":247},[39,142079,244],{"class":243},[39,142081,303],{"class":53},[39,142083,4395],{"class":124},[20,142085,127077,142086,94],{},[173,142087,142088],{"href":123667},[15,142089,123670],{},[30,142091,142093],{"className":32,"code":142092,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python\"\n\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))  # True\n",[15,142094,142095,142107,142111],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142096,142097,142099,142101,142103,142105],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142098,34302],{"class":45},[39,142100,50],{"class":49},[39,142102,255],{"class":243},[39,142104,6913],{"class":247},[39,142106,2983],{"class":243},[39,142108,142109],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142110,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,142112,142113,142115,142117,142119,142121,142123,142125,142127,142129,142131,142133,142135,142137],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,142114,113],{"class":112},[39,142116,101],{"class":53},[39,142118,34323],{"class":97},[39,142120,94],{"class":53},[39,142122,8254],{"class":97},[39,142124,8251],{"class":53},[39,142126,141015],{"class":97},[39,142128,101],{"class":53},[39,142130,244],{"class":243},[39,142132,128385],{"class":247},[39,142134,244],{"class":243},[39,142136,303],{"class":53},[39,142138,1156],{"class":124},[134,142140,4584,142142],{"id":142141},"when-to-use-startswith",[15,142143,127308],{},[20,142145,142146,142148],{},[15,142147,127308],{}," is useful in many real programs.",[20,142150,8986],{},[147,142152,142153,142156,142159,142168],{},[150,142154,142155],{},"Checking filename patterns at the start",[150,142157,142158],{},"Checking user input prefixes such as commands",[150,142160,142161,142162,177,142165],{},"Validating text formats like ",[15,142163,142164],{},"http:\u002F\u002F",[15,142166,142167],{},"https:\u002F\u002F",[150,142169,142170],{},"Making code easier to read than manual slicing",[20,142172,515],{},[30,142174,142176],{"className":32,"code":142175,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"url = \"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com\"\n\nif url.startswith((\"http:\u002F\u002F\", \"https:\u002F\u002F\")):\n    print(\"This looks like a web URL.\")\n",[15,142177,142178,142191,142195,142224],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142179,142180,142182,142184,142186,142189],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142181,126803],{"class":45},[39,142183,50],{"class":49},[39,142185,255],{"class":243},[39,142187,142188],{"class":247},"https:\u002F\u002Fexample.com",[39,142190,2983],{"class":243},[39,142192,142193],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142194,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,142196,142197,142199,142202,142204,142206,142208,142210,142212,142214,142216,142218,142220,142222],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,142198,511],{"class":572},[39,142200,142201],{"class":45}," url",[39,142203,94],{"class":53},[39,142205,141015],{"class":97},[39,142207,5126],{"class":53},[39,142209,244],{"class":243},[39,142211,142164],{"class":247},[39,142213,244],{"class":243},[39,142215,61],{"class":53},[39,142217,255],{"class":243},[39,142219,142167],{"class":247},[39,142221,244],{"class":243},[39,142223,69154],{"class":53},[39,142225,142226,142228,142230,142232,142235,142237],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,142227,603],{"class":112},[39,142229,101],{"class":53},[39,142231,244],{"class":243},[39,142233,142234],{"class":247},"This looks like a web URL.",[39,142236,244],{"class":243},[39,142238,80],{"class":53},[134,142240,944],{"id":943},[20,142242,22706,142243,94],{},[15,142244,127308],{},[223,142246,138379],{"id":142247},"using-the-wrong-letter-case",[20,142249,142250,123398],{},[15,142251,127308],{},[30,142253,142255],{"className":32,"code":142254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith(\"python\"))  # False\n",[15,142256,142257,142269],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142258,142259,142261,142263,142265,142267],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142260,34302],{"class":45},[39,142262,50],{"class":49},[39,142264,255],{"class":243},[39,142266,6913],{"class":247},[39,142268,2983],{"class":243},[39,142270,142271,142273,142275,142277,142279,142281,142283,142285,142287,142289,142291],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142272,113],{"class":112},[39,142274,101],{"class":53},[39,142276,34323],{"class":97},[39,142278,94],{"class":53},[39,142280,141015],{"class":97},[39,142282,101],{"class":53},[39,142284,244],{"class":243},[39,142286,34],{"class":247},[39,142288,244],{"class":243},[39,142290,303],{"class":53},[39,142292,4395],{"class":124},[20,142294,38872],{},[30,142296,142298],{"className":32,"code":142297,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text.lower().startswith(\"python\"))  # True\n",[15,142299,142300],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142301,142302,142304,142306,142308,142310,142312,142314,142316,142318,142320,142322,142324,142326],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142303,113],{"class":112},[39,142305,101],{"class":53},[39,142307,34323],{"class":97},[39,142309,94],{"class":53},[39,142311,8254],{"class":97},[39,142313,8251],{"class":53},[39,142315,141015],{"class":97},[39,142317,101],{"class":53},[39,142319,244],{"class":243},[39,142321,34],{"class":247},[39,142323,244],{"class":243},[39,142325,303],{"class":53},[39,142327,1156],{"class":124},[223,142329,29262,142331,136861],{"id":142330},"calling-startswith-on-a-non-string-value",[15,142332,127308],{},[20,142334,142335],{},"This method works on strings, not numbers or lists.",[30,142337,142339],{"className":32,"code":142338,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 123\n\n# This will cause an error:\n# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[15,142340,142341,142349,142353,142358],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142342,142343,142345,142347],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142344,2070],{"class":45},[39,142346,50],{"class":49},[39,142348,124622],{"class":57},[39,142350,142351],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142352,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,142354,142355],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,142356,142357],{"class":124},"# This will cause an error:\n",[39,142359,142360],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,142361,142362],{"class":124},"# print(value.startswith(\"1\"))\n",[20,142364,38872],{},[30,142366,142368],{"className":32,"code":142367,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = str(123)\nprint(value.startswith(\"1\"))  # True\n",[15,142369,142370,142384],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142371,142372,142374,142376,142378,142380,142382],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142373,2070],{"class":45},[39,142375,50],{"class":49},[39,142377,48510],{"class":2523},[39,142379,101],{"class":53},[39,142381,49852],{"class":57},[39,142383,80],{"class":53},[39,142385,142386,142388,142390,142392,142394,142396,142398,142400,142402,142404,142406],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142387,113],{"class":112},[39,142389,101],{"class":53},[39,142391,155],{"class":97},[39,142393,94],{"class":53},[39,142395,141015],{"class":97},[39,142397,101],{"class":53},[39,142399,244],{"class":243},[39,142401,58],{"class":247},[39,142403,244],{"class":243},[39,142405,303],{"class":53},[39,142407,1156],{"class":124},[223,142409,1160,142411,1163,142413],{"id":142410},"confusing-startswith-with-in",[15,142412,127308],{},[15,142414,1128],{},[20,142416,142417,142419],{},[15,142418,127308],{}," checks only the beginning.",[20,142421,142422,142423,142425,142426,94],{},"If you want to know whether text appears anywhere, use ",[15,142424,1128],{}," or methods like ",[173,142427,142428],{"href":123950},[15,142429,123935],{},[30,142431,142433],{"className":32,"code":142432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"world\"))  # False\nprint(\"world\" in text)           # True\n",[15,142434,142435,142447,142451,142475],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142436,142437,142439,142441,142443,142445],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142438,34302],{"class":45},[39,142440,50],{"class":49},[39,142442,255],{"class":243},[39,142444,59997],{"class":247},[39,142446,2983],{"class":243},[39,142448,142449],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142450,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,142452,142453,142455,142457,142459,142461,142463,142465,142467,142469,142471,142473],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,142454,113],{"class":112},[39,142456,101],{"class":53},[39,142458,34323],{"class":97},[39,142460,94],{"class":53},[39,142462,141015],{"class":97},[39,142464,101],{"class":53},[39,142466,244],{"class":243},[39,142468,60182],{"class":247},[39,142470,244],{"class":243},[39,142472,303],{"class":53},[39,142474,4395],{"class":124},[39,142476,142477,142479,142481,142483,142485,142487,142489,142491,142493],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,142478,113],{"class":112},[39,142480,101],{"class":53},[39,142482,244],{"class":243},[39,142484,60182],{"class":247},[39,142486,244],{"class":243},[39,142488,1149],{"class":572},[39,142490,42449],{"class":97},[39,142492,121],{"class":53},[39,142494,142495],{"class":124},"           # True\n",[20,142497,135413,142498,94],{},[173,142499,126976],{"href":123195},[223,142501,4328,142503,796,142505,142507],{"id":142502},"forgetting-that-start-and-end-use-index-positions",[15,142504,35687],{},[15,142506,52263],{}," use index positions",[20,142509,142510,142511,94],{},"Python counts string positions starting at ",[15,142512,221],{},[30,142514,142516],{"className":32,"code":142515,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"abcdef\"\n\nprint(text.startswith(\"cd\", 2))  # True\n",[15,142517,142518,142531,142535],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142519,142520,142522,142524,142526,142529],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142521,34302],{"class":45},[39,142523,50],{"class":49},[39,142525,255],{"class":243},[39,142527,142528],{"class":247},"abcdef",[39,142530,2983],{"class":243},[39,142532,142533],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142534,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,142536,142537,142539,142541,142543,142545,142547,142549,142551,142554,142556,142558,142560,142562],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,142538,113],{"class":112},[39,142540,101],{"class":53},[39,142542,34323],{"class":97},[39,142544,94],{"class":53},[39,142546,141015],{"class":97},[39,142548,101],{"class":53},[39,142550,244],{"class":243},[39,142552,142553],{"class":247},"cd",[39,142555,244],{"class":243},[39,142557,61],{"class":53},[39,142559,64],{"class":57},[39,142561,303],{"class":53},[39,142563,1156],{"class":124},[223,142565,142567],{"id":142566},"passing-a-list-instead-of-a-tuple","Passing a list instead of a tuple",[20,142569,142570],{},"Multiple prefixes must be given as a tuple, not a list.",[20,142572,16256],{},[30,142574,142576],{"className":32,"code":142575,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"# text.startswith([\"Py\", \"Ja\"])\n",[15,142577,142578],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142579,142580],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142581,142575],{"class":124},[20,142583,16268],{},[30,142585,142587],{"className":32,"code":142586,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Python\"\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))  # True\n",[15,142588,142589,142601],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142590,142591,142593,142595,142597,142599],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142592,34302],{"class":45},[39,142594,50],{"class":49},[39,142596,255],{"class":243},[39,142598,6913],{"class":247},[39,142600,2983],{"class":243},[39,142602,142603,142605,142607,142609,142611,142613,142615,142617,142619,142621,142623,142625,142628,142630,142632],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142604,113],{"class":112},[39,142606,101],{"class":53},[39,142608,34323],{"class":97},[39,142610,94],{"class":53},[39,142612,141015],{"class":97},[39,142614,5126],{"class":53},[39,142616,244],{"class":243},[39,142618,141126],{"class":247},[39,142620,244],{"class":243},[39,142622,61],{"class":53},[39,142624,255],{"class":243},[39,142626,142627],{"class":247},"Ja",[39,142629,244],{"class":243},[39,142631,50697],{"class":53},[39,142633,1156],{"class":124},[20,142635,31696],{},[30,142637,142639],{"className":32,"code":142638,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(type(text))\nprint(text.startswith(\"Py\"))\nprint(text.lower().startswith(\"py\"))\nprint(text.startswith((\"Py\", \"Ja\")))\n",[15,142640,142641,142651,142665,142687,142713],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142642,142643,142645,142647,142649],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142644,113],{"class":112},[39,142646,101],{"class":53},[39,142648,34323],{"class":97},[39,142650,80],{"class":53},[39,142652,142653,142655,142657,142659,142661,142663],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142654,113],{"class":112},[39,142656,101],{"class":53},[39,142658,2845],{"class":2523},[39,142660,101],{"class":53},[39,142662,34323],{"class":97},[39,142664,1026],{"class":53},[39,142666,142667,142669,142671,142673,142675,142677,142679,142681,142683,142685],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,142668,113],{"class":112},[39,142670,101],{"class":53},[39,142672,34323],{"class":97},[39,142674,94],{"class":53},[39,142676,141015],{"class":97},[39,142678,101],{"class":53},[39,142680,244],{"class":243},[39,142682,141126],{"class":247},[39,142684,244],{"class":243},[39,142686,1026],{"class":53},[39,142688,142689,142691,142693,142695,142697,142699,142701,142703,142705,142707,142709,142711],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,142690,113],{"class":112},[39,142692,101],{"class":53},[39,142694,34323],{"class":97},[39,142696,94],{"class":53},[39,142698,8254],{"class":97},[39,142700,8251],{"class":53},[39,142702,141015],{"class":97},[39,142704,101],{"class":53},[39,142706,244],{"class":243},[39,142708,128385],{"class":247},[39,142710,244],{"class":243},[39,142712,1026],{"class":53},[39,142714,142715,142717,142719,142721,142723,142725,142727,142729,142731,142733,142735,142737,142739,142741],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,142716,113],{"class":112},[39,142718,101],{"class":53},[39,142720,34323],{"class":97},[39,142722,94],{"class":53},[39,142724,141015],{"class":97},[39,142726,5126],{"class":53},[39,142728,244],{"class":243},[39,142730,141126],{"class":247},[39,142732,244],{"class":243},[39,142734,61],{"class":53},[39,142736,255],{"class":243},[39,142738,142627],{"class":247},[39,142740,244],{"class":243},[39,142742,2534],{"class":53},[134,142744,1454],{"id":1453},[223,142746,1468,142748,127786],{"id":142747},"does-startswith-change-the-string",[15,142749,127308],{},[20,142751,142752,142753,177,142755,94],{},"No. It only checks the string and returns ",[15,142754,939],{},[15,142756,1038],{},[223,142758,1487,142760,142762],{"id":142759},"can-startswith-check-more-than-one-prefix",[15,142761,127308],{}," check more than one prefix?",[20,142764,142765],{},"Yes. Pass a tuple of strings, such as:",[30,142767,142769],{"className":32,"code":142768,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text.startswith((\"a\", \"b\"))\n",[15,142770,142771],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142772,142773,142775,142777,142779,142781,142783,142785,142787,142789,142791,142793,142795],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142774,34323],{"class":45},[39,142776,94],{"class":53},[39,142778,141015],{"class":97},[39,142780,5126],{"class":53},[39,142782,244],{"class":243},[39,142784,173],{"class":247},[39,142786,244],{"class":243},[39,142788,61],{"class":53},[39,142790,255],{"class":243},[39,142792,1070],{"class":247},[39,142794,244],{"class":243},[39,142796,1026],{"class":53},[223,142798,14514,142800,124276],{"id":142799},"is-startswith-case-sensitive",[15,142801,127308],{},[20,142803,129468],{},[223,142805,1497,142807,796,142809,929],{"id":142806},"what-is-the-difference-between-startswith-and-in",[15,142808,127308],{},[15,142810,1128],{},[20,142812,142813,142815,142816,142818],{},[15,142814,127308],{}," checks only the beginning. ",[15,142817,1128],{}," checks whether text appears anywhere in the string.",[223,142820,27940,142822,796,142824,1163,142826,929],{"id":142821},"can-i-use-start-and-end-with-startswith",[15,142823,35687],{},[15,142825,52263],{},[15,142827,127308],{},[20,142829,142830],{},"Yes. They let you limit which part of the string is checked.",[134,142832,1514],{"id":1513},[147,142834,142835,142841,142847,142853,142857],{},[150,142836,142837],{},[173,142838,125940,142839,1533],{"href":129533},[15,142840,125998],{},[150,142842,142843],{},[173,142844,125940,142845,1533],{"href":123950},[15,142846,123935],{},[150,142848,142849],{},[173,142850,125940,142851,1533],{"href":123667},[15,142852,123670],{},[150,142854,142855],{},[173,142856,124339],{"href":123195},[150,142858,142859],{},[173,142860,124695],{"href":50581},[1550,142862,142863],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":142865},[142866,142868,142869,142875,142876,142878,142879,142880,142882,142892,142904],{"id":141061,"depth":83,"text":142867},"What startswith() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":141340,"depth":83,"text":141341,"children":142870},[142871,142872,142873,142874],{"id":141178,"depth":109,"text":141178},{"id":35687,"depth":109,"text":35687},{"id":52263,"depth":109,"text":52263},{"id":141507,"depth":109,"text":141508},{"id":17031,"depth":83,"text":17032},{"id":141685,"depth":83,"text":142877},"Using startswith() with start and end",{"id":141839,"depth":83,"text":141840},{"id":123586,"depth":83,"text":123587},{"id":142141,"depth":83,"text":142881},"When to use startswith()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":142883},[142884,142885,142887,142889,142891],{"id":142247,"depth":109,"text":138379},{"id":142330,"depth":109,"text":142886},"Calling startswith() on a non-string value",{"id":142410,"depth":109,"text":142888},"Confusing startswith() with in",{"id":142502,"depth":109,"text":142890},"Forgetting that start and end use index positions",{"id":142566,"depth":109,"text":142567},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":142893},[142894,142896,142898,142900,142902],{"id":142747,"depth":109,"text":142895},"Does startswith() change the string?",{"id":142759,"depth":109,"text":142897},"Can startswith() check more than one prefix?",{"id":142799,"depth":109,"text":142899},"Is startswith() case-sensitive?",{"id":142806,"depth":109,"text":142901},"What is the difference between startswith() and in?",{"id":142821,"depth":109,"text":142903},"Can I use start and end with startswith()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string startswith method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method",{"title":140961,"description":142905},"reference\u002Fpython-string-startswith-method","H88rt3Nz2-D86PhmC2_wUy4Ef0nzvARozFcg9L4vdZs",{"id":142912,"title":142913,"body":142914,"description":144368,"extension":1587,"meta":144369,"navigation":420,"path":144370,"seo":144371,"stem":144372,"__hash__":144373},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method.md","Python String strip() Method",{"type":7,"value":142915,"toc":144338},[142916,142921,142926,142929,142931,142975,142977,142985,142990,142995,143000,143002,143020,143022,143068,143070,143084,143093,143097,143099,143101,143113,143118,143121,143153,143155,143164,143169,143172,143213,143215,143223,143225,143238,143244,143248,143251,143267,143269,143318,143320,143329,143332,143391,143393,143402,143409,143412,143465,143467,143491,143498,143504,143508,143514,143517,143528,143530,143570,143572,143580,143582,143622,143624,143633,143635,143653,143656,143663,143674,143677,143694,143696,143773,143775,143806,143809,143811,143814,143840,143842,143882,143884,143893,143903,143911,143919,143924,143929,143931,143945,143947,143998,144000,144009,144019,144021,144023,144045,144048,144127,144129,144165,144168,144243,144248,144250,144256,144261,144266,144269,144275,144278,144285,144293,144297,144305,144307,144335],[10,142917,122940,142919,18],{"id":142918},"python-string-strip-method",[15,142920,41262],{},[20,142922,31931,142923,142925],{},[15,142924,41262],{}," method removes characters from the beginning and end of a string.",[20,142927,142928],{},"Beginners usually use it to remove extra whitespace, such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters. This is especially useful when cleaning user input or processing text from a file.",[134,142930,3235],{"id":3234},[30,142932,142934],{"className":32,"code":142933,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello  \"\nclean_text = text.strip()\nprint(clean_text)\n",[15,142935,142936,142949,142964],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142937,142938,142940,142942,142944,142947],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142939,34302],{"class":45},[39,142941,50],{"class":49},[39,142943,255],{"class":243},[39,142945,142946],{"class":247},"  hello  ",[39,142948,2983],{"class":243},[39,142950,142951,142954,142956,142958,142960,142962],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,142952,142953],{"class":45},"clean_text ",[39,142955,50],{"class":49},[39,142957,42449],{"class":45},[39,142959,94],{"class":53},[39,142961,8248],{"class":97},[39,142963,8257],{"class":53},[39,142965,142966,142968,142970,142973],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,142967,113],{"class":112},[39,142969,101],{"class":53},[39,142971,142972],{"class":97},"clean_text",[39,142974,80],{"class":53},[20,142976,458],{},[30,142978,142979],{"className":32,"code":138254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,142980,142981],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,142982,142983],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,142984,138254],{"class":45},[20,142986,128,142987,142989],{},[15,142988,41262],{}," to remove whitespace from both ends of a string. It does not change the original string.",[134,142991,137,142993,140],{"id":142992},"what-strip-does",[15,142994,41262],{},[20,142996,142997,142999],{},[15,142998,41262],{}," is a string method that returns a new string.",[20,143001,12664],{},[147,143003,143004,143008,143011,143014,143017],{},[150,143005,143006,131289],{},[15,143007,41262],{},[150,143009,143010],{},"It removes characters from the beginning and end only",[150,143012,143013],{},"By default, it removes whitespace",[150,143015,143016],{},"It does not remove characters from the middle of the string",[150,143018,143019],{},"Strings are immutable, so the original string stays the same",[20,143021,515],{},[30,143023,143025],{"className":32,"code":143024,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(text)\n",[15,143026,143027,143040,143044,143058],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143028,143029,143031,143033,143035,143038],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143030,34302],{"class":45},[39,143032,50],{"class":49},[39,143034,255],{"class":243},[39,143036,143037],{"class":247},"  hello world  ",[39,143039,2983],{"class":243},[39,143041,143042],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143043,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,143045,143046,143048,143050,143052,143054,143056],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,143047,113],{"class":112},[39,143049,101],{"class":53},[39,143051,34323],{"class":97},[39,143053,94],{"class":53},[39,143055,8248],{"class":97},[39,143057,6810],{"class":53},[39,143059,143060,143062,143064,143066],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,143061,113],{"class":112},[39,143063,101],{"class":53},[39,143065,34323],{"class":97},[39,143067,80],{"class":53},[20,143069,458],{},[30,143071,143073],{"className":32,"code":143072,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"hello world\n  hello world  \n",[15,143074,143075,143079],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143076,143077],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143078,133955],{"class":45},[39,143080,143081],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143082,143083],{"class":45},"  hello world\n",[20,143085,143086,143087,143089,143090,143092],{},"The cleaned version is returned by ",[15,143088,41262],{},", but the original ",[15,143091,34323],{}," value is unchanged.",[20,143094,124692,143095,94],{},[173,143096,124695],{"href":50581},[134,143098,1781],{"id":1780},[20,143100,26099],{},[147,143102,143103,143108],{},[150,143104,143105],{},[15,143106,143107],{},"string.strip()",[150,143109,143110],{},[15,143111,143112],{},"string.strip(chars)",[223,143114,143116],{"id":143115},"stringstrip",[15,143117,143107],{},[20,143119,143120],{},"This removes whitespace from both ends:",[30,143122,143124],{"className":32,"code":143123,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"  Alice  \"\nprint(name.strip())\n",[15,143125,143126,143139],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143127,143128,143130,143132,143134,143137],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143129,7493],{"class":45},[39,143131,50],{"class":49},[39,143133,255],{"class":243},[39,143135,143136],{"class":247},"  Alice  ",[39,143138,2983],{"class":243},[39,143140,143141,143143,143145,143147,143149,143151],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143142,113],{"class":112},[39,143144,101],{"class":53},[39,143146,7285],{"class":97},[39,143148,94],{"class":53},[39,143150,8248],{"class":97},[39,143152,6810],{"class":53},[20,143154,458],{},[30,143156,143158],{"className":32,"code":143157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Alice\n",[15,143159,143160],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143161,143162],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143163,143157],{"class":45},[223,143165,143167],{"id":143166},"stringstripchars",[15,143168,143112],{},[20,143170,143171],{},"This removes any matching characters from both ends:",[30,143173,143175],{"className":32,"code":143174,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"!!hello??\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143176,143177,143190],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143178,143179,143181,143183,143185,143188],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143180,34302],{"class":45},[39,143182,50],{"class":49},[39,143184,255],{"class":243},[39,143186,143187],{"class":247},"!!hello??",[39,143189,2983],{"class":243},[39,143191,143192,143194,143196,143198,143200,143202,143204,143206,143209,143211],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143193,113],{"class":112},[39,143195,101],{"class":53},[39,143197,34323],{"class":97},[39,143199,94],{"class":53},[39,143201,8248],{"class":97},[39,143203,101],{"class":53},[39,143205,244],{"class":243},[39,143207,143208],{"class":247},"!?",[39,143210,244],{"class":243},[39,143212,1026],{"class":53},[20,143214,458],{},[30,143216,143217],{"className":32,"code":138254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,143218,143219],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143220,143221],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143222,138254],{"class":45},[20,143224,83411],{},[147,143226,143227,143232],{},[150,143228,143229,143231],{},[15,143230,134198],{}," means a set of characters to remove from both ends",[150,143233,143234,143235,143237],{},"The order of characters in ",[15,143236,134198],{}," does not matter",[134,143239,143241,143242],{"id":143240},"remove-whitespace-with-strip","Remove whitespace with ",[15,143243,41262],{},[20,143245,30498,143246,94],{},[15,143247,41262],{},[20,143249,143250],{},"It is useful for:",[147,143252,143253,143258,143261,143264],{},[150,143254,143255,143256,3510],{},"Cleaning ",[15,143257,2580],{},[150,143259,143260],{},"Cleaning lines read from a file",[150,143262,143263],{},"Removing spaces before checking or comparing text",[150,143265,143266],{},"Removing tabs and newline characters at both ends",[20,143268,47967],{},[30,143270,143272],{"className":32,"code":143271,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"username = \"  sam  \"\nclean_username = username.strip()\n\nprint(clean_username)\n",[15,143273,143274,143287,143303,143307],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143275,143276,143278,143280,143282,143285],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143277,7578],{"class":45},[39,143279,50],{"class":49},[39,143281,255],{"class":243},[39,143283,143284],{"class":247},"  sam  ",[39,143286,2983],{"class":243},[39,143288,143289,143292,143294,143297,143299,143301],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143290,143291],{"class":45},"clean_username ",[39,143293,50],{"class":49},[39,143295,143296],{"class":45}," username",[39,143298,94],{"class":53},[39,143300,8248],{"class":97},[39,143302,8257],{"class":53},[39,143304,143305],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,143306,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,143308,143309,143311,143313,143316],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,143310,113],{"class":112},[39,143312,101],{"class":53},[39,143314,143315],{"class":97},"clean_username",[39,143317,80],{"class":53},[20,143319,458],{},[30,143321,143323],{"className":32,"code":143322,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"sam\n",[15,143324,143325],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143326,143327],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143328,143322],{"class":45},[20,143330,143331],{},"This matters when comparing strings:",[30,143333,143335],{"className":32,"code":143334,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \" yes  \"\n\nif answer.strip() == \"yes\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,143336,143337,143350,143354,143376],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143338,143339,143341,143343,143345,143348],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143340,136182],{"class":45},[39,143342,50],{"class":49},[39,143344,255],{"class":243},[39,143346,143347],{"class":247}," yes  ",[39,143349,2983],{"class":243},[39,143351,143352],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143353,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,143355,143356,143358,143360,143362,143364,143366,143368,143370,143372,143374],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,143357,511],{"class":572},[39,143359,136202],{"class":45},[39,143361,94],{"class":53},[39,143363,8248],{"class":97},[39,143365,6982],{"class":53},[39,143367,6023],{"class":49},[39,143369,255],{"class":243},[39,143371,534],{"class":247},[39,143373,244],{"class":243},[39,143375,598],{"class":53},[39,143377,143378,143380,143382,143384,143387,143389],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,143379,603],{"class":112},[39,143381,101],{"class":53},[39,143383,244],{"class":243},[39,143385,143386],{"class":247},"Matched",[39,143388,244],{"class":243},[39,143390,80],{"class":53},[20,143392,458],{},[30,143394,143396],{"className":32,"code":143395,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Matched\n",[15,143397,143398],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143399,143400],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143401,143395],{"class":45},[20,143403,143404,143405,94],{},"If you want a broader guide, see ",[173,143406,143408],{"href":143407},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-remove-whitespace-from-a-string-in-python\u002F","how to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[20,143410,143411],{},"Example with file-style text:",[30,143413,143415],{"className":32,"code":143414,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"line = \"Python basics\\n\"\nprint(repr(line))\nprint(repr(line.strip()))\n",[15,143416,143417,143433,143447],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143418,143419,143422,143424,143426,143429,143431],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143420,143421],{"class":45},"line ",[39,143423,50],{"class":49},[39,143425,255],{"class":243},[39,143427,143428],{"class":247},"Python basics",[39,143430,86743],{"class":34067},[39,143432,2983],{"class":243},[39,143434,143435,143437,143439,143441,143443,143445],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143436,113],{"class":112},[39,143438,101],{"class":53},[39,143440,41388],{"class":112},[39,143442,101],{"class":53},[39,143444,41],{"class":97},[39,143446,1026],{"class":53},[39,143448,143449,143451,143453,143455,143457,143459,143461,143463],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,143450,113],{"class":112},[39,143452,101],{"class":53},[39,143454,41388],{"class":112},[39,143456,101],{"class":53},[39,143458,41],{"class":97},[39,143460,94],{"class":53},[39,143462,8248],{"class":97},[39,143464,5905],{"class":53},[20,143466,458],{},[30,143468,143470],{"className":32,"code":143469,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"'Python basics\\n'\n'Python basics'\n",[15,143471,143472,143483],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143473,143474,143476,143478,143481],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143475,629],{"class":42936},[39,143477,143428],{"class":42940},[39,143479,86743],{"class":143480},"sfi6f",[39,143482,29312],{"class":42936},[39,143484,143485,143487,143489],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143486,629],{"class":42936},[39,143488,143428],{"class":42940},[39,143490,29312],{"class":42936},[20,143492,948,143493,143495,143496,94],{},[15,143494,122154],{}," helps you see hidden characters like ",[15,143497,86743],{},[20,143499,143500,143501,94],{},"If you are working with files, see ",[173,143502,143503],{"href":87396},"how to read a file line by line in Python",[134,143505,143507],{"id":143506},"remove-specific-characters","Remove specific characters",[20,143509,143510,143511,94],{},"You can pass characters as an argument, such as ",[15,143512,143513],{},"strip(\"!?\")",[20,143515,143516],{},"Python will:",[147,143518,143519,143522,143525],{},[150,143520,143521],{},"Remove any matching character from both ends",[150,143523,143524],{},"Keep removing until it finds a character that is not in the set",[150,143526,143527],{},"Leave the middle of the string unchanged",[20,143529,515],{},[30,143531,143533],{"className":32,"code":143532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"??hello!!\"\nprint(text.strip(\"!?\"))\n",[15,143534,143535,143548],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143536,143537,143539,143541,143543,143546],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143538,34302],{"class":45},[39,143540,50],{"class":49},[39,143542,255],{"class":243},[39,143544,143545],{"class":247},"??hello!!",[39,143547,2983],{"class":243},[39,143549,143550,143552,143554,143556,143558,143560,143562,143564,143566,143568],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143551,113],{"class":112},[39,143553,101],{"class":53},[39,143555,34323],{"class":97},[39,143557,94],{"class":53},[39,143559,8248],{"class":97},[39,143561,101],{"class":53},[39,143563,244],{"class":243},[39,143565,143208],{"class":247},[39,143567,244],{"class":243},[39,143569,1026],{"class":53},[20,143571,458],{},[30,143573,143574],{"className":32,"code":138254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,143575,143576],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143577,143578],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143579,138254],{"class":45},[20,143581,51682],{},[30,143583,143585],{"className":32,"code":143584,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"abcHelloCba\"\nprint(text.strip(\"abc\"))\n",[15,143586,143587,143600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143588,143589,143591,143593,143595,143598],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143590,34302],{"class":45},[39,143592,50],{"class":49},[39,143594,255],{"class":243},[39,143596,143597],{"class":247},"abcHelloCba",[39,143599,2983],{"class":243},[39,143601,143602,143604,143606,143608,143610,143612,143614,143616,143618,143620],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143603,113],{"class":112},[39,143605,101],{"class":53},[39,143607,34323],{"class":97},[39,143609,94],{"class":53},[39,143611,8248],{"class":97},[39,143613,101],{"class":53},[39,143615,244],{"class":243},[39,143617,41169],{"class":247},[39,143619,244],{"class":243},[39,143621,1026],{"class":53},[20,143623,458],{},[30,143625,143627],{"className":32,"code":143626,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"HelloC\n",[15,143628,143629],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143630,143631],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143632,143626],{"class":45},[20,143634,5850],{},[20,143636,143637,13664,143640,143642,143643,143645,143646,1814,143648,1818,143650,143652],{},[15,143638,143639],{},"strip(\"abc\")",[3367,143641,4254],{}," mean “remove the exact text ",[15,143644,41169],{}," once”. It means “remove any ",[15,143647,173],{},[15,143649,1070],{},[15,143651,9352],{}," characters from both ends”.",[20,143654,143655],{},"It also does not remove characters from the middle.",[20,143657,143658,143659,6247],{},"If you need to replace text anywhere in a string, use ",[173,143660,143661],{"href":129520},[15,143662,124111],{},[134,143664,143666,10198,143668,10198,143671],{"id":143665},"strip-vs-lstrip-vs-rstrip",[15,143667,41262],{},[15,143669,143670],{},"lstrip()",[15,143672,143673],{},"rstrip()",[20,143675,143676],{},"These methods are similar, but they remove characters from different sides.",[147,143678,143679,143684,143689],{},[150,143680,143681,143683],{},[15,143682,41262],{}," removes from both ends",[150,143685,143686,143688],{},[15,143687,143670],{}," removes from the left side only",[150,143690,143691,143693],{},[15,143692,143673],{}," removes from the right side only",[20,143695,515],{},[30,143697,143699],{"className":32,"code":143698,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello  \"\n\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nprint(repr(text.lstrip()))\nprint(repr(text.rstrip()))\n",[15,143700,143701,143713,143717,143735,143754],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143702,143703,143705,143707,143709,143711],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143704,34302],{"class":45},[39,143706,50],{"class":49},[39,143708,255],{"class":243},[39,143710,142946],{"class":247},[39,143712,2983],{"class":243},[39,143714,143715],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143716,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,143718,143719,143721,143723,143725,143727,143729,143731,143733],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,143720,113],{"class":112},[39,143722,101],{"class":53},[39,143724,41388],{"class":112},[39,143726,101],{"class":53},[39,143728,34323],{"class":97},[39,143730,94],{"class":53},[39,143732,8248],{"class":97},[39,143734,5905],{"class":53},[39,143736,143737,143739,143741,143743,143745,143747,143749,143752],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,143738,113],{"class":112},[39,143740,101],{"class":53},[39,143742,41388],{"class":112},[39,143744,101],{"class":53},[39,143746,34323],{"class":97},[39,143748,94],{"class":53},[39,143750,143751],{"class":97},"lstrip",[39,143753,5905],{"class":53},[39,143755,143756,143758,143760,143762,143764,143766,143768,143771],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,143757,113],{"class":112},[39,143759,101],{"class":53},[39,143761,41388],{"class":112},[39,143763,101],{"class":53},[39,143765,34323],{"class":97},[39,143767,94],{"class":53},[39,143769,143770],{"class":97},"rstrip",[39,143772,5905],{"class":53},[20,143774,458],{},[30,143776,143778],{"className":32,"code":143777,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"'hello'\n'hello  '\n'  hello'\n",[15,143779,143780,143788,143797],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143781,143782,143784,143786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143783,629],{"class":42936},[39,143785,3470],{"class":42940},[39,143787,29312],{"class":42936},[39,143789,143790,143792,143795],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143791,629],{"class":42936},[39,143793,143794],{"class":42940},"hello  ",[39,143796,29312],{"class":42936},[39,143798,143799,143801,143804],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,143800,629],{"class":42936},[39,143802,143803],{"class":42940},"  hello",[39,143805,29312],{"class":42936},[20,143807,143808],{},"Choose the method based on which side needs cleaning.",[134,143810,107950],{"id":107949},[20,143812,143813],{},"These points are worth remembering:",[147,143815,143816,143824,143834,143837],{},[150,143817,143818,143820,143821,143823],{},[15,143819,143639],{}," does not remove the exact text ",[15,143822,41138],{}," once",[150,143825,143826,143827,1814,143829,1818,143831,143833],{},"It removes any of the characters ",[15,143828,173],{},[15,143830,1070],{},[15,143832,9352],{}," from both ends",[150,143835,143836],{},"Middle characters are untouched",[150,143838,143839],{},"Save the result to a variable if you want to use the cleaned string",[20,143841,515],{},[30,143843,143845],{"className":32,"code":143844,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"filename = \"txt_report.txt\"\nprint(filename.strip(\".txt\"))\n",[15,143846,143847,143860],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143848,143849,143851,143853,143855,143858],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143850,126023],{"class":45},[39,143852,50],{"class":49},[39,143854,255],{"class":243},[39,143856,143857],{"class":247},"txt_report.txt",[39,143859,2983],{"class":243},[39,143861,143862,143864,143866,143868,143870,143872,143874,143876,143878,143880],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143863,113],{"class":112},[39,143865,101],{"class":53},[39,143867,126041],{"class":97},[39,143869,94],{"class":53},[39,143871,8248],{"class":97},[39,143873,101],{"class":53},[39,143875,244],{"class":243},[39,143877,126076],{"class":247},[39,143879,244],{"class":243},[39,143881,1026],{"class":53},[20,143883,458],{},[30,143885,143887],{"className":32,"code":143886,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"_report\n",[15,143888,143889],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143890,143891],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143892,143886],{"class":45},[20,143894,143895,143896,1814,143898,1818,143900,143902],{},"This happens because Python removes any ",[15,143897,94],{},[15,143899,62878],{},[15,143901,1798],{}," characters from both ends.",[20,143904,53255,143905,936,143908,143910],{},[15,143906,143907],{},"strip(\".txt\")",[3367,143909,4254],{}," a safe way to remove a file extension.",[20,143912,143913,143914,143918],{},"If you need to change exact text in a string, ",[173,143915,143916],{"href":129520},[15,143917,124111],{}," is often a better fit for simple cases.",[134,143920,4584,143922],{"id":143921},"when-to-use-strip",[15,143923,41262],{},[20,143925,128,143926,143928],{},[15,143927,41262],{}," when you need to clean text at the edges of a string.",[20,143930,36039],{},[147,143932,143933,143937,143939,143942],{},[150,143934,143255,143935,3510],{},[15,143936,2580],{},[150,143938,143260],{},[150,143940,143941],{},"Removing accidental spaces before validation",[150,143943,143944],{},"Preparing text before comparisons",[20,143946,515],{},[30,143948,143950],{"className":32,"code":143949,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"email = \"  user@example.com  \"\n\nif email.strip():\n    print(\"Email was entered\")\n",[15,143951,143952,143966,143970,143983],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,143953,143954,143957,143959,143961,143964],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,143955,143956],{"class":45},"email ",[39,143958,50],{"class":49},[39,143960,255],{"class":243},[39,143962,143963],{"class":247},"  user@example.com  ",[39,143965,2983],{"class":243},[39,143967,143968],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,143969,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,143971,143972,143974,143977,143979,143981],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,143973,511],{"class":572},[39,143975,143976],{"class":45}," email",[39,143978,94],{"class":53},[39,143980,8248],{"class":97},[39,143982,21207],{"class":53},[39,143984,143985,143987,143989,143991,143994,143996],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,143986,603],{"class":112},[39,143988,101],{"class":53},[39,143990,244],{"class":243},[39,143992,143993],{"class":247},"Email was entered",[39,143995,244],{"class":243},[39,143997,80],{"class":53},[20,143999,458],{},[30,144001,144003],{"className":32,"code":144002,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Email was entered\n",[15,144004,144005],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144006,144007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144008,144002],{"class":45},[20,144010,144011,144012,144014,144015,94],{},"You may also combine ",[15,144013,41262],{}," with other string methods. For example, after removing extra spaces, you might convert text to lowercase with ",[173,144016,144017],{"href":123667},[15,144018,123670],{},[134,144020,944],{"id":943},[20,144022,83830],{},[147,144024,144025,144029,144034,144039],{},[150,144026,1030,144027,131159],{},[15,144028,41262],{},[150,144030,1030,144031,144033],{},[15,144032,41262],{}," to remove text from the middle",[150,144035,948,144036,144038],{},[15,144037,143907],{}," and expecting only the exact file extension to be removed",[150,144040,4328,144041,144044],{},[15,144042,144043],{},"strip(chars)"," removes any matching characters, not a whole substring",[20,144046,144047],{},"Here is a quick debugging example:",[30,144049,144051],{"className":32,"code":144050,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello\\n\"\n\nprint(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\n",[15,144052,144053,144067,144071,144081,144095,144109],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144054,144055,144057,144059,144061,144063,144065],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144056,34302],{"class":45},[39,144058,50],{"class":49},[39,144060,255],{"class":243},[39,144062,143803],{"class":247},[39,144064,86743],{"class":34067},[39,144066,2983],{"class":243},[39,144068,144069],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144070,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,144072,144073,144075,144077,144079],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,144074,113],{"class":112},[39,144076,101],{"class":53},[39,144078,34323],{"class":97},[39,144080,80],{"class":53},[39,144082,144083,144085,144087,144089,144091,144093],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,144084,113],{"class":112},[39,144086,101],{"class":53},[39,144088,41388],{"class":112},[39,144090,101],{"class":53},[39,144092,34323],{"class":97},[39,144094,1026],{"class":53},[39,144096,144097,144099,144101,144103,144105,144107],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,144098,113],{"class":112},[39,144100,101],{"class":53},[39,144102,34323],{"class":97},[39,144104,94],{"class":53},[39,144106,8248],{"class":97},[39,144108,6810],{"class":53},[39,144110,144111,144113,144115,144117,144119,144121,144123,144125],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,144112,113],{"class":112},[39,144114,101],{"class":53},[39,144116,41388],{"class":112},[39,144118,101],{"class":53},[39,144120,34323],{"class":97},[39,144122,94],{"class":53},[39,144124,8248],{"class":97},[39,144126,5905],{"class":53},[20,144128,458],{},[30,144130,144132],{"className":32,"code":144131,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"  hello\n\n'  hello\\n'\nhello\n'hello'\n",[15,144133,144134,144139,144143,144153,144157],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144135,144136],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144137,144138],{"class":45},"  hello\n",[39,144140,144141],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144142,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,144144,144145,144147,144149,144151],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,144146,629],{"class":42936},[39,144148,143803],{"class":42940},[39,144150,86743],{"class":143480},[39,144152,29312],{"class":42936},[39,144154,144155],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,144156,138254],{"class":45},[39,144158,144159,144161,144163],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,144160,629],{"class":42936},[39,144162,3470],{"class":42940},[39,144164,29312],{"class":42936},[20,144166,144167],{},"Useful debugging commands:",[30,144169,144171],{"className":32,"code":144170,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(text)\nprint(repr(text))\nprint(text.strip())\nprint(repr(text.strip()))\nhelp(str.strip)\n",[15,144172,144173,144183,144197,144211,144229],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144174,144175,144177,144179,144181],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144176,113],{"class":112},[39,144178,101],{"class":53},[39,144180,34323],{"class":97},[39,144182,80],{"class":53},[39,144184,144185,144187,144189,144191,144193,144195],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144186,113],{"class":112},[39,144188,101],{"class":53},[39,144190,41388],{"class":112},[39,144192,101],{"class":53},[39,144194,34323],{"class":97},[39,144196,1026],{"class":53},[39,144198,144199,144201,144203,144205,144207,144209],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,144200,113],{"class":112},[39,144202,101],{"class":53},[39,144204,34323],{"class":97},[39,144206,94],{"class":53},[39,144208,8248],{"class":97},[39,144210,6810],{"class":53},[39,144212,144213,144215,144217,144219,144221,144223,144225,144227],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,144214,113],{"class":112},[39,144216,101],{"class":53},[39,144218,41388],{"class":112},[39,144220,101],{"class":53},[39,144222,34323],{"class":97},[39,144224,94],{"class":53},[39,144226,8248],{"class":97},[39,144228,5905],{"class":53},[39,144230,144231,144233,144235,144237,144239,144241],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,144232,31766],{"class":112},[39,144234,101],{"class":53},[39,144236,3069],{"class":2523},[39,144238,94],{"class":53},[39,144240,8248],{"class":997},[39,144242,80],{"class":53},[20,144244,144245,144247],{},[15,144246,122154],{}," is very helpful because it shows hidden whitespace clearly.",[134,144249,1454],{"id":1453},[223,144251,1468,144253,144255],{"id":144252},"does-strip-remove-spaces-in-the-middle-of-a-string",[15,144254,41262],{}," remove spaces in the middle of a string?",[20,144257,45971,144258,144260],{},[15,144259,41262],{}," only removes characters from the start and end of the string.",[223,144262,1468,144264,124267],{"id":144263},"does-strip-change-the-original-string",[15,144265,41262],{},[20,144267,144268],{},"No. It returns a new string because Python strings are immutable.",[223,144270,1458,144272,144274],{"id":144271},"what-does-strip-remove-by-default",[15,144273,41262],{}," remove by default?",[20,144276,144277],{},"It removes whitespace such as spaces, tabs, and newline characters from both ends.",[223,144279,33819,144281,33822,144283,929],{"id":144280},"how-is-strip-different-from-replace",[15,144282,41262],{},[15,144284,124111],{},[20,144286,144287,144289,144290,144292],{},[15,144288,41262],{}," removes characters only from the ends. ",[15,144291,124111],{}," can change matching text anywhere in the string.",[223,144294,144296],{"id":144295},"can-i-remove-only-the-left-or-right-side","Can I remove only the left or right side?",[20,144298,127813,144299,144301,144302,144304],{},[15,144300,143670],{}," for the left side and ",[15,144303,143673],{}," for the right side.",[134,144306,1514],{"id":1513},[147,144308,144309,144315,144321,144326,144331],{},[150,144310,144311],{},[173,144312,125940,144313,1533],{"href":123667},[15,144314,123670],{},[150,144316,144317],{},[173,144318,125940,144319,1533],{"href":129520},[15,144320,124111],{},[150,144322,144323],{},[173,144324,144325],{"href":143407},"How to remove whitespace from a string in Python",[150,144327,144328],{},[173,144329,144330],{"href":87396},"How to read a file line by line in Python",[150,144332,144333],{},[173,144334,124695],{"href":50581},[1550,144336,144337],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s2W-s, html code.shiki .s2W-s{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sithA, html code.shiki .sithA{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sfi6f, html code.shiki .sfi6f{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":144339},[144340,144341,144343,144347,144349,144350,144352,144353,144355,144356,144367],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":142992,"depth":83,"text":144342},"What strip() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":144344},[144345,144346],{"id":143115,"depth":109,"text":143107},{"id":143166,"depth":109,"text":143112},{"id":143240,"depth":83,"text":144348},"Remove whitespace with strip()",{"id":143506,"depth":83,"text":143507},{"id":143665,"depth":83,"text":144351},"strip() vs lstrip() vs rstrip()",{"id":107949,"depth":83,"text":107950},{"id":143921,"depth":83,"text":144354},"When to use strip()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":144357},[144358,144360,144362,144364,144366],{"id":144252,"depth":109,"text":144359},"Does strip() remove spaces in the middle of a string?",{"id":144263,"depth":109,"text":144361},"Does strip() change the original string?",{"id":144271,"depth":109,"text":144363},"What does strip() remove by default?",{"id":144280,"depth":109,"text":144365},"How is strip() different from replace()?",{"id":144295,"depth":109,"text":144296},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string strip method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method",{"title":142913,"description":144368},"reference\u002Fpython-string-strip-method","V33HNckrK0iU0Rb4v9xwAECg55fn4E8r6Jrd6VFtyd0",{"id":144375,"title":144376,"body":144377,"description":145557,"extension":1587,"meta":145558,"navigation":420,"path":145559,"seo":145560,"stem":145561,"__hash__":145562},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method.md","Python String upper() Method",{"type":7,"value":144378,"toc":145527},[144379,144384,144389,144394,144396,144442,144450,144455,144469,144475,144477,144479,144494,144496,144506,144509,144540,144543,144566,144568,144571,144628,144630,144644,144646,144660,144666,144671,144674,144715,144717,144726,144734,144737,144782,144784,144793,144796,144800,144805,144819,144821,144853,144855,144875,144878,144883,144888,144890,144901,144904,144961,144963,144971,144980,144982,144984,144990,144992,145029,145031,145039,145041,145082,145084,145093,145098,145103,145105,145132,145139,145142,145173,145175,145184,145190,145199,145230,145232,145244,145257,145261,145266,145296,145298,145365,145367,145377,145379,145384,145387,145392,145397,145401,145407,145413,145416,145418,145476,145478,145486,145488,145524],[10,144380,122940,144382,18],{"id":144381},"python-string-upper-method",[15,144383,127818],{},[20,144385,122945,144386,144388],{},[15,144387,127818],{}," method returns a new string with lowercase letters changed to uppercase.",[20,144390,84207,144391,144393],{},[15,144392,127818],{}," does, how to use it, what it returns, and a few common beginner mistakes. It stays focused on the method itself.",[134,144395,1629],{"id":1628},[30,144397,144399],{"className":32,"code":144398,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Hello World\"\nresult = text.upper()\nprint(result)\n# HELLO WORLD\n",[15,144400,144401,144413,144427,144437],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144402,144403,144405,144407,144409,144411],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144404,34302],{"class":45},[39,144406,50],{"class":49},[39,144408,255],{"class":243},[39,144410,128658],{"class":247},[39,144412,2983],{"class":243},[39,144414,144415,144417,144419,144421,144423,144425],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144416,86],{"class":45},[39,144418,50],{"class":49},[39,144420,42449],{"class":45},[39,144422,94],{"class":53},[39,144424,34092],{"class":97},[39,144426,8257],{"class":53},[39,144428,144429,144431,144433,144435],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,144430,113],{"class":112},[39,144432,101],{"class":53},[39,144434,118],{"class":97},[39,144436,80],{"class":53},[39,144438,144439],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,144440,144441],{"class":124},"# HELLO WORLD\n",[20,144443,144444,144446,144447,144449],{},[15,144445,127818],{}," returns a new string with letters changed to uppercase. It does ",[3367,144448,4254],{}," change the original string in place.",[134,144451,137,144453,140],{"id":144452},"what-upper-does",[15,144454,127818],{},[147,144456,144457,144462,144465,144467],{},[150,144458,144459,144461],{},[15,144460,127818],{}," returns a copy of a string with lowercase letters converted to uppercase",[150,144463,144464],{},"It works on string values only",[150,144466,133187],{},[150,144468,135905],{},[20,144470,124692,144471,177,144473,94],{},[173,144472,135911],{"href":135910},[173,144474,124695],{"href":50581},[134,144476,1781],{"id":1780},[20,144478,1784],{},[30,144480,144482],{"className":32,"code":144481,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"string.upper()\n",[15,144483,144484],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144485,144486,144488,144490,144492],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144487,60765],{"class":45},[39,144489,94],{"class":53},[39,144491,34092],{"class":97},[39,144493,8257],{"class":53},[20,144495,11071],{},[147,144497,144498,144500,144503],{},[150,144499,97118],{},[150,144501,144502],{},"You call it on a string variable or string literal",[150,144504,144505],{},"It returns the uppercase version of the string",[20,144507,144508],{},"Example with a variable:",[30,144510,144512],{"className":32,"code":144511,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"python\"\nprint(name.upper())\n",[15,144513,144514,144526],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144515,144516,144518,144520,144522,144524],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144517,7493],{"class":45},[39,144519,50],{"class":49},[39,144521,255],{"class":243},[39,144523,34],{"class":247},[39,144525,2983],{"class":243},[39,144527,144528,144530,144532,144534,144536,144538],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144529,113],{"class":112},[39,144531,101],{"class":53},[39,144533,7285],{"class":97},[39,144535,94],{"class":53},[39,144537,34092],{"class":97},[39,144539,6810],{"class":53},[20,144541,144542],{},"Example with a string literal:",[30,144544,144546],{"className":32,"code":144545,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(\"hello\".upper())\n",[15,144547,144548],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144549,144550,144552,144554,144556,144558,144560,144562,144564],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144551,113],{"class":112},[39,144553,101],{"class":53},[39,144555,244],{"class":243},[39,144557,3470],{"class":247},[39,144559,244],{"class":243},[39,144561,94],{"class":53},[39,144563,34092],{"class":97},[39,144565,6810],{"class":53},[134,144567,355],{"id":354},[20,144569,144570],{},"Here is a basic example that converts a lowercase word to uppercase and stores the result in a new variable:",[30,144572,144574],{"className":32,"code":144573,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"word = \"banana\"\nuppercase_word = word.upper()\n\nprint(word)\nprint(uppercase_word)\n",[15,144575,144576,144588,144603,144607,144617],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144577,144578,144580,144582,144584,144586],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144579,5769],{"class":45},[39,144581,50],{"class":49},[39,144583,255],{"class":243},[39,144585,386],{"class":247},[39,144587,2983],{"class":243},[39,144589,144590,144593,144595,144597,144599,144601],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144591,144592],{"class":45},"uppercase_word ",[39,144594,50],{"class":49},[39,144596,37992],{"class":45},[39,144598,94],{"class":53},[39,144600,34092],{"class":97},[39,144602,8257],{"class":53},[39,144604,144605],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,144606,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,144608,144609,144611,144613,144615],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,144610,113],{"class":112},[39,144612,101],{"class":53},[39,144614,38002],{"class":97},[39,144616,80],{"class":53},[39,144618,144619,144621,144623,144626],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,144620,113],{"class":112},[39,144622,101],{"class":53},[39,144624,144625],{"class":97},"uppercase_word",[39,144627,80],{"class":53},[20,144629,458],{},[30,144631,144633],{"className":32,"code":144632,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"banana\nBANANA\n",[15,144634,144635,144639],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144636,144637],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144638,69996],{"class":45},[39,144640,144641],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144642,144643],{"class":34067},"BANANA\n",[20,144645,112055],{},[147,144647,144648,144653],{},[150,144649,144650,144652],{},[15,144651,38002],{}," keeps its original value",[150,144654,144655,144657,144658],{},[15,144656,144625],{}," stores the returned value from ",[15,144659,127818],{},[134,144661,144663,144665],{"id":144662},"upper-does-not-change-the-original-string",[15,144664,127818],{}," does not change the original string",[20,144667,136571,144668,144670],{},[3367,144669,136574],{}," in Python. That means you cannot change the characters inside a string directly.",[20,144672,144673],{},"So this method:",[30,144675,144677],{"className":32,"code":144676,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"alice\"\nname.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144678,144679,144691,144701,144705],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144680,144681,144683,144685,144687,144689],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144682,7493],{"class":45},[39,144684,50],{"class":49},[39,144686,255],{"class":243},[39,144688,17415],{"class":247},[39,144690,2983],{"class":243},[39,144692,144693,144695,144697,144699],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144694,7285],{"class":45},[39,144696,94],{"class":53},[39,144698,34092],{"class":97},[39,144700,8257],{"class":53},[39,144702,144703],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,144704,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,144706,144707,144709,144711,144713],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,144708,113],{"class":112},[39,144710,101],{"class":53},[39,144712,7285],{"class":97},[39,144714,80],{"class":53},[20,144716,458],{},[30,144718,144720],{"className":32,"code":144719,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"alice\n",[15,144721,144722],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144723,144724],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144725,144719],{"class":45},[20,144727,20590,144728,144730,144731,144733],{},[15,144729,127818],{}," was called, ",[15,144732,7285],{}," did not change because the result was not saved.",[20,144735,144736],{},"If you want to keep the uppercase version, assign it back to the variable:",[30,144738,144740],{"className":32,"code":144739,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"alice\"\nname = name.upper()\n\nprint(name)\n",[15,144741,144742,144754,144768,144772],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144743,144744,144746,144748,144750,144752],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144745,7493],{"class":45},[39,144747,50],{"class":49},[39,144749,255],{"class":243},[39,144751,17415],{"class":247},[39,144753,2983],{"class":243},[39,144755,144756,144758,144760,144762,144764,144766],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144757,7493],{"class":45},[39,144759,50],{"class":49},[39,144761,35606],{"class":45},[39,144763,94],{"class":53},[39,144765,34092],{"class":97},[39,144767,8257],{"class":53},[39,144769,144770],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,144771,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,144773,144774,144776,144778,144780],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,144775,113],{"class":112},[39,144777,101],{"class":53},[39,144779,7285],{"class":97},[39,144781,80],{"class":53},[20,144783,458],{},[30,144785,144787],{"className":32,"code":144786,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ALICE\n",[15,144788,144789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144790,144791],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144792,144786],{"class":34067},[20,144794,144795],{},"This is one of the most common beginner mistakes with string methods.",[134,144797,144799],{"id":144798},"what-happens-to-numbers-spaces-and-symbols","What happens to numbers, spaces, and symbols",[20,144801,144802,144804],{},[15,144803,127818],{}," only changes letters that have uppercase forms.",[147,144806,144807,144810,144813,144816],{},[150,144808,144809],{},"Numbers stay the same",[150,144811,144812],{},"Spaces stay the same",[150,144814,144815],{},"Punctuation stays the same",[150,144817,144818],{},"Only letters are changed",[20,144820,515],{},[30,144822,144824],{"className":32,"code":144823,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"Room 7, table #3!\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,144825,144826,144839],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144827,144828,144830,144832,144834,144837],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144829,34302],{"class":45},[39,144831,50],{"class":49},[39,144833,255],{"class":243},[39,144835,144836],{"class":247},"Room 7, table #3!",[39,144838,2983],{"class":243},[39,144840,144841,144843,144845,144847,144849,144851],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144842,113],{"class":112},[39,144844,101],{"class":53},[39,144846,34323],{"class":97},[39,144848,94],{"class":53},[39,144850,34092],{"class":97},[39,144852,6810],{"class":53},[20,144854,458],{},[30,144856,144858],{"className":32,"code":144857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"ROOM 7, TABLE #3!\n",[15,144859,144860],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144861,144862,144865,144867,144869,144872],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144863,144864],{"class":34067},"ROOM",[39,144866,1338],{"class":57},[39,144868,61],{"class":53},[39,144870,144871],{"class":34067}," TABLE",[39,144873,144874],{"class":124}," #3!\n",[20,144876,144877],{},"The letters changed to uppercase, but the number, space, comma, and symbol stayed the same.",[134,144879,4584,144881],{"id":144880},"when-to-use-upper",[15,144882,127818],{},[20,144884,144885,144887],{},[15,144886,127818],{}," is useful when you want to standardize text.",[20,144889,47945],{},[147,144891,144892,144895,144898],{},[150,144893,144894],{},"Standardize user input for comparisons",[150,144896,144897],{},"Format labels or headings",[150,144899,144900],{},"Make text easier to compare in simple cases",[20,144902,144903],{},"Example: simple comparison",[30,144905,144907],{"className":32,"code":144906,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"answer = \"yes\"\n\nif answer.upper() == \"YES\":\n    print(\"Matched\")\n",[15,144908,144909,144921,144925,144947],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144910,144911,144913,144915,144917,144919],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144912,136182],{"class":45},[39,144914,50],{"class":49},[39,144916,255],{"class":243},[39,144918,534],{"class":247},[39,144920,2983],{"class":243},[39,144922,144923],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,144924,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,144926,144927,144929,144931,144933,144935,144937,144939,144941,144943,144945],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,144928,511],{"class":572},[39,144930,136202],{"class":45},[39,144932,94],{"class":53},[39,144934,34092],{"class":97},[39,144936,6982],{"class":53},[39,144938,6023],{"class":49},[39,144940,255],{"class":243},[39,144942,136189],{"class":247},[39,144944,244],{"class":243},[39,144946,598],{"class":53},[39,144948,144949,144951,144953,144955,144957,144959],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,144950,603],{"class":112},[39,144952,101],{"class":53},[39,144954,244],{"class":243},[39,144956,143386],{"class":247},[39,144958,244],{"class":243},[39,144960,80],{"class":53},[20,144962,458],{},[30,144964,144965],{"className":32,"code":143395,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,144966,144967],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144968,144969],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,144970,143395],{"class":45},[20,144972,144973,144974,1814,144976,1818,144978,94],{},"This can help when users type different letter cases, such as ",[15,144975,534],{},[15,144977,136975],{},[15,144979,136189],{},[134,144981,944],{"id":943},[223,144983,95479],{"id":95478},[20,144985,7732,144986,144989],{},[15,144987,144988],{},"text.upper()"," to change the original variable automatically.",[20,144991,16256],{},[30,144993,144995],{"className":32,"code":144994,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\ntext.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,144996,144997,145009,145019],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,144998,144999,145001,145003,145005,145007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145000,34302],{"class":45},[39,145002,50],{"class":49},[39,145004,255],{"class":243},[39,145006,3470],{"class":247},[39,145008,2983],{"class":243},[39,145010,145011,145013,145015,145017],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145012,34323],{"class":45},[39,145014,94],{"class":53},[39,145016,34092],{"class":97},[39,145018,8257],{"class":53},[39,145020,145021,145023,145025,145027],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,145022,113],{"class":112},[39,145024,101],{"class":53},[39,145026,34323],{"class":97},[39,145028,80],{"class":53},[20,145030,458],{},[30,145032,145033],{"className":32,"code":138254,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145034,145035],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145036,145037],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145038,138254],{"class":45},[20,145040,16268],{},[30,145042,145044],{"className":32,"code":145043,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello\"\ntext = text.upper()\nprint(text)\n",[15,145045,145046,145058,145072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145047,145048,145050,145052,145054,145056],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145049,34302],{"class":45},[39,145051,50],{"class":49},[39,145053,255],{"class":243},[39,145055,3470],{"class":247},[39,145057,2983],{"class":243},[39,145059,145060,145062,145064,145066,145068,145070],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145061,34302],{"class":45},[39,145063,50],{"class":49},[39,145065,42449],{"class":45},[39,145067,94],{"class":53},[39,145069,34092],{"class":97},[39,145071,8257],{"class":53},[39,145073,145074,145076,145078,145080],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,145075,113],{"class":112},[39,145077,101],{"class":53},[39,145079,34323],{"class":97},[39,145081,80],{"class":53},[20,145083,458],{},[30,145085,145087],{"className":32,"code":145086,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"HELLO\n",[15,145088,145089],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145090,145091],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145092,145086],{"class":34067},[223,145094,18520,145096,136861],{"id":145095},"trying-to-call-upper-on-a-non-string-value",[15,145097,127818],{},[20,145099,145100,145102],{},[15,145101,127818],{}," is a string method. If the value is not a string, it will fail.",[20,145104,515],{},[30,145106,145108],{"className":32,"code":145107,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = 123\nprint(number.upper())\n",[15,145109,145110,145118],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145111,145112,145114,145116],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145113,1842],{"class":45},[39,145115,50],{"class":49},[39,145117,124622],{"class":57},[39,145119,145120,145122,145124,145126,145128,145130],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145121,113],{"class":112},[39,145123,101],{"class":53},[39,145125,1864],{"class":97},[39,145127,94],{"class":53},[39,145129,34092],{"class":97},[39,145131,6810],{"class":53},[20,145133,39264,145134,145136,145137,33214],{},[15,145135,1813],{}," objects do not have an ",[15,145138,127818],{},[20,145140,145141],{},"If needed, convert the value to a string first:",[30,145143,145145],{"className":32,"code":145144,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"number = 123\nprint(str(number).upper())\n",[15,145146,145147,145155],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145148,145149,145151,145153],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145150,1842],{"class":45},[39,145152,50],{"class":49},[39,145154,124622],{"class":57},[39,145156,145157,145159,145161,145163,145165,145167,145169,145171],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145158,113],{"class":112},[39,145160,101],{"class":53},[39,145162,3069],{"class":2523},[39,145164,101],{"class":53},[39,145166,1864],{"class":97},[39,145168,8245],{"class":53},[39,145170,34092],{"class":97},[39,145172,6810],{"class":53},[20,145174,458],{},[30,145176,145178],{"className":32,"code":145177,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"123\n",[15,145179,145180],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145181,145182],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145183,145177],{"class":57},[223,145185,1160,145187,145189],{"id":145186},"confusing-upper-with-title-case",[15,145188,127818],{}," with title case",[20,145191,145192,145194,145195,145198],{},[15,145193,127818],{}," makes ",[3367,145196,145197],{},"all letters uppercase",". It does not make every word start with a capital letter.",[30,145200,145202],{"className":32,"code":145201,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"hello world\"\nprint(text.upper())\n",[15,145203,145204,145216],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145205,145206,145208,145210,145212,145214],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145207,34302],{"class":45},[39,145209,50],{"class":49},[39,145211,255],{"class":243},[39,145213,59997],{"class":247},[39,145215,2983],{"class":243},[39,145217,145218,145220,145222,145224,145226,145228],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145219,113],{"class":112},[39,145221,101],{"class":53},[39,145223,34323],{"class":97},[39,145225,94],{"class":53},[39,145227,34092],{"class":97},[39,145229,6810],{"class":53},[20,145231,458],{},[30,145233,145235],{"className":32,"code":145234,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"HELLO WORLD\n",[15,145236,145237],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145238,145239,145241],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145240,135963],{"class":34067},[39,145242,145243],{"class":34067}," WORLD\n",[20,145245,145246,145247,145251,145252,145256],{},"If your goal is different, another method may fit better. For example, ",[173,145248,145249],{"href":123667},[15,145250,123670],{}," makes text lowercase, and ",[173,145253,145254],{"href":129520},[15,145255,124111],{}," changes parts of a string.",[134,145258,145260],{"id":145259},"related-string-methods","Related string methods",[20,145262,145263,145264,145],{},"These string methods are often used with ",[15,145265,127818],{},[147,145267,145268,145275,145282,145289],{},[150,145269,145270,145274],{},[173,145271,145272],{"href":123667},[15,145273,123670],{}," for lowercase text",[150,145276,145277,145281],{},[173,145278,145279],{"href":136509},[15,145280,41262],{}," for removing leading and trailing whitespace",[150,145283,145284,145288],{},[173,145285,145286],{"href":129520},[15,145287,124111],{}," for changing parts of a string",[150,145290,145291,796,145293,145295],{},[15,145292,127308],{},[15,145294,125998],{}," for checks",[20,145297,515],{},[30,145299,145301],{"className":32,"code":145300,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"  hello world  \"\n\ncleaned = text.strip()\nloud = cleaned.upper()\n\nprint(loud)\n",[15,145302,145303,145315,145319,145334,145350,145354],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145304,145305,145307,145309,145311,145313],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145306,34302],{"class":45},[39,145308,50],{"class":49},[39,145310,255],{"class":243},[39,145312,143037],{"class":247},[39,145314,2983],{"class":243},[39,145316,145317],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145318,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,145320,145321,145324,145326,145328,145330,145332],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,145322,145323],{"class":45},"cleaned ",[39,145325,50],{"class":49},[39,145327,42449],{"class":45},[39,145329,94],{"class":53},[39,145331,8248],{"class":97},[39,145333,8257],{"class":53},[39,145335,145336,145339,145341,145344,145346,145348],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,145337,145338],{"class":45},"loud ",[39,145340,50],{"class":49},[39,145342,145343],{"class":45}," cleaned",[39,145345,94],{"class":53},[39,145347,34092],{"class":97},[39,145349,8257],{"class":53},[39,145351,145352],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,145353,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,145355,145356,145358,145360,145363],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,145357,113],{"class":112},[39,145359,101],{"class":53},[39,145361,145362],{"class":97},"loud",[39,145364,80],{"class":53},[20,145366,458],{},[30,145368,145369],{"className":32,"code":145234,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145370,145371],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145372,145373,145375],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145374,135963],{"class":34067},[39,145376,145243],{"class":34067},[134,145378,1454],{"id":1453},[223,145380,1468,145382,124267],{"id":145381},"does-upper-change-the-original-string",[15,145383,127818],{},[20,145385,145386],{},"No. It returns a new uppercase string. Save the result if you want to keep it.",[223,145388,1468,145390,137243],{"id":145389},"does-upper-take-any-arguments",[15,145391,127818],{},[20,145393,145394,145395,94],{},"No. The method is called with empty parentheses: ",[15,145396,144988],{},[223,145398,145400],{"id":145399},"what-happens-to-numbers-and-symbols","What happens to numbers and symbols?",[20,145402,145403,145404,145406],{},"They stay the same. ",[15,145405,127818],{}," only changes letters that can be converted to uppercase.",[223,145408,27940,145410,145412],{"id":145409},"can-i-use-upper-for-case-insensitive-comparison",[15,145411,127818],{}," for case-insensitive comparison?",[20,145414,145415],{},"Yes, for simple cases. Convert both strings before comparing them.",[20,145417,515],{},[30,145419,145421],{"className":32,"code":145420,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = \"python\"\nb = \"PYTHON\"\n\nprint(a.upper() == b.upper())\n",[15,145422,145423,145435,145448,145452],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145424,145425,145427,145429,145431,145433],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145426,2176],{"class":45},[39,145428,50],{"class":49},[39,145430,255],{"class":243},[39,145432,34],{"class":247},[39,145434,2983],{"class":243},[39,145436,145437,145439,145441,145443,145446],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145438,2204],{"class":45},[39,145440,50],{"class":49},[39,145442,255],{"class":243},[39,145444,145445],{"class":247},"PYTHON",[39,145447,2983],{"class":243},[39,145449,145450],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,145451,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,145453,145454,145456,145458,145460,145462,145464,145466,145468,145470,145472,145474],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,145455,113],{"class":112},[39,145457,101],{"class":53},[39,145459,173],{"class":97},[39,145461,94],{"class":53},[39,145463,34092],{"class":97},[39,145465,6982],{"class":53},[39,145467,6023],{"class":49},[39,145469,2181],{"class":97},[39,145471,94],{"class":53},[39,145473,34092],{"class":97},[39,145475,6810],{"class":53},[20,145477,458],{},[30,145479,145480],{"className":32,"code":3605,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145481,145482],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145483,145484],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145485,3605],{"class":3477},[134,145487,1514],{"id":1513},[147,145489,145490,145494,145500,145506,145512,145516,145520],{},[150,145491,145492],{},[173,145493,124695],{"href":50581},[150,145495,145496],{},[173,145497,125940,145498,1533],{"href":123667},[15,145499,123670],{},[150,145501,145502],{},[173,145503,125940,145504,1533],{"href":136509},[15,145505,41262],{},[150,145507,145508],{},[173,145509,125940,145510,1533],{"href":129520},[15,145511,124111],{},[150,145513,145514],{},[173,145515,90273],{"href":89282},[150,145517,145518],{},[173,145519,124339],{"href":123195},[150,145521,145522],{},[173,145523,137329],{"href":135910},[1550,145525,145526],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":145528},[145529,145530,145532,145533,145534,145536,145537,145539,145546,145547,145556],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":144452,"depth":83,"text":145531},"What upper() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":144662,"depth":83,"text":145535},"upper() does not change the original string",{"id":144798,"depth":83,"text":144799},{"id":144880,"depth":83,"text":145538},"When to use upper()",{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":145540},[145541,145542,145544],{"id":95478,"depth":109,"text":95479},{"id":145095,"depth":109,"text":145543},"Trying to call upper() on a non-string value",{"id":145186,"depth":109,"text":145545},"Confusing upper() with title case",{"id":145259,"depth":83,"text":145260},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":145548},[145549,145551,145553,145554],{"id":145381,"depth":109,"text":145550},"Does upper() change the original string?",{"id":145389,"depth":109,"text":145552},"Does upper() take any arguments?",{"id":145399,"depth":109,"text":145400},{"id":145409,"depth":109,"text":145555},"Can I use upper() for case-insensitive comparison?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python string upper method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method",{"title":144376,"description":145557},"reference\u002Fpython-string-upper-method","CsxUKCdYvLDpit9Dq111nYxjaDPu17cNNaa2kyQ-PpY",{"id":145564,"title":145565,"body":145566,"description":147443,"extension":1587,"meta":147444,"navigation":420,"path":147445,"seo":147446,"stem":147447,"__hash__":147448},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained.md","Python sum() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":145567,"toc":147393},[145568,145574,145581,145587,145589,145645,145650,145655,145660,145663,145682,145685,145687,145711,145729,145740,145742,145745,145798,145800,145808,145810,145828,145833,145836,145893,145895,145904,145907,145927,145930,145936,145941,145943,145986,145988,145996,145999,146040,146042,146051,146057,146063,146090,146092,146100,146105,146109,146121,146164,146166,146174,146179,146185,146190,146194,146196,146239,146242,146289,146291,146300,146307,146311,146314,146360,146365,146369,146371,146414,146417,146425,146427,146432,146434,146436,146455,146458,146470,146472,146491,146493,146501,146505,146507,146558,146561,146636,146638,146646,146649,146653,146655,146702,146705,146776,146778,146786,146792,146794,146869,146873,146952,146954,146962,146968,146974,146979,146984,147033,147037,147108,147111,147116,147127,147130,147141,147151,147153,147158,147183,147188,147269,147271,147296,147298,147303,147306,147312,147321,147327,147330,147336,147342,147349,147352,147354,147390],[10,145569,3202,145571,3206],{"id":145570},"python-sum-function-explained",[15,145572,145573],{},"sum()",[20,145575,8735,145576,145578,145579,24375],{},[15,145577,145573],{}," function adds numbers from an iterable such as a list, tuple, or ",[15,145580,59589],{},[20,145582,145583,145584,145586],{},"It is one of the simplest ways to get a total in Python. Beginners often use it to add all numbers in a list, but it also has an optional ",[15,145585,35687],{}," value and a few important limits.",[134,145588,1629],{"id":1628},[30,145590,145592],{"className":32,"code":145591,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)  # 10\n",[15,145593,145594,145618,145633],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145595,145596,145598,145600,145602,145604,145606,145608,145610,145612,145614,145616],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145597,46],{"class":45},[39,145599,50],{"class":49},[39,145601,3249],{"class":53},[39,145603,58],{"class":57},[39,145605,61],{"class":53},[39,145607,64],{"class":57},[39,145609,61],{"class":53},[39,145611,73],{"class":57},[39,145613,61],{"class":53},[39,145615,2080],{"class":57},[39,145617,3262],{"class":53},[39,145619,145620,145622,145624,145627,145629,145631],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145621,40792],{"class":45},[39,145623,50],{"class":49},[39,145625,145626],{"class":112}," sum",[39,145628,101],{"class":53},[39,145630,992],{"class":97},[39,145632,80],{"class":53},[39,145634,145635,145637,145639,145641,145643],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,145636,113],{"class":112},[39,145638,101],{"class":53},[39,145640,40821],{"class":97},[39,145642,121],{"class":53},[39,145644,26407],{"class":124},[20,145646,128,145647,145649],{},[15,145648,145573],{}," to add numbers from an iterable like a list or tuple.",[134,145651,137,145653,140],{"id":145652},"what-sum-does",[15,145654,145573],{},[20,145656,145657,145659],{},[15,145658,145573],{}," adds numeric values from an iterable.",[20,145661,145662],{},"Common beginner uses include:",[147,145664,145665,145668,145671,145676],{},[150,145666,145667],{},"Adding numbers in a list",[150,145669,145670],{},"Adding values in a tuple",[150,145672,145673,145674],{},"Adding numbers from ",[15,145675,35812],{},[150,145677,145678,145679,145681],{},"Counting ",[15,145680,939],{}," values in a list of booleans",[20,145683,145684],{},"It returns the final total as a number.",[134,145686,1781],{"id":1780},[30,145688,145690],{"className":32,"code":145689,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"sum(iterable, start=0)\n",[15,145691,145692],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145693,145694,145697,145699,145701,145703,145705,145707,145709],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145695,145696],{"class":112},"sum",[39,145698,101],{"class":53},[39,145700,3344],{"class":97},[39,145702,61],{"class":53},[39,145704,35666],{"class":8788},[39,145706,50],{"class":49},[39,145708,221],{"class":57},[39,145710,80],{"class":53},[147,145712,145713,145718,145723],{},[150,145714,145715,145717],{},[15,145716,3344],{}," is the group of values to add",[150,145719,145720,145722],{},[15,145721,35687],{}," is an optional value added before the iterable values",[150,145724,145725,145726],{},"Most of the time, beginners only need ",[15,145727,145728],{},"sum(iterable)",[20,145730,145731,145732,145735,145736,94],{},"If you are new to the word ",[145733,145734,3344],"em",{},", think of it as a group of values you can loop through, such as a list, tuple, or ",[173,145737,145738,24229],{"href":35809},[15,145739,35812],{},[134,145741,355],{"id":354},[20,145743,145744],{},"Here is a basic example with a list of integers:",[30,145746,145748],{"className":32,"code":145747,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [5, 10, 15]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145749,145750,145770,145784,145788],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145751,145752,145754,145756,145758,145760,145762,145764,145766,145768],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145753,46],{"class":45},[39,145755,50],{"class":49},[39,145757,3249],{"class":53},[39,145759,1376],{"class":57},[39,145761,61],{"class":53},[39,145763,692],{"class":57},[39,145765,61],{"class":53},[39,145767,37549],{"class":57},[39,145769,3262],{"class":53},[39,145771,145772,145774,145776,145778,145780,145782],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145773,40792],{"class":45},[39,145775,50],{"class":49},[39,145777,145626],{"class":112},[39,145779,101],{"class":53},[39,145781,992],{"class":97},[39,145783,80],{"class":53},[39,145785,145786],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,145787,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,145789,145790,145792,145794,145796],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,145791,113],{"class":112},[39,145793,101],{"class":53},[39,145795,40821],{"class":97},[39,145797,80],{"class":53},[20,145799,458],{},[30,145801,145802],{"className":32,"code":69431,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145803,145804],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145805,145806],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145807,69431],{"class":57},[20,145809,11295],{},[147,145811,145812,145817,145823],{},[150,145813,145814,145816],{},[15,145815,992],{}," contains three integers",[150,145818,145819,145822],{},[15,145820,145821],{},"sum(numbers)"," adds them together",[150,145824,145825,145826],{},"The result is stored in ",[15,145827,40821],{},[134,145829,36226,145831,8049],{"id":145830},"using-the-start-value",[15,145832,35687],{},[20,145834,145835],{},"The second argument lets you begin with an extra value before Python adds the iterable items.",[30,145837,145839],{"className":32,"code":145838,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\ntotal = sum(numbers, 10)\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,145840,145841,145861,145879,145883],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145842,145843,145845,145847,145849,145851,145853,145855,145857,145859],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145844,46],{"class":45},[39,145846,50],{"class":49},[39,145848,3249],{"class":53},[39,145850,58],{"class":57},[39,145852,61],{"class":53},[39,145854,64],{"class":57},[39,145856,61],{"class":53},[39,145858,73],{"class":57},[39,145860,3262],{"class":53},[39,145862,145863,145865,145867,145869,145871,145873,145875,145877],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145864,40792],{"class":45},[39,145866,50],{"class":49},[39,145868,145626],{"class":112},[39,145870,101],{"class":53},[39,145872,992],{"class":97},[39,145874,61],{"class":53},[39,145876,692],{"class":57},[39,145878,80],{"class":53},[39,145880,145881],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,145882,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,145884,145885,145887,145889,145891],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,145886,113],{"class":112},[39,145888,101],{"class":53},[39,145890,40821],{"class":97},[39,145892,80],{"class":53},[20,145894,458],{},[30,145896,145898],{"className":32,"code":145897,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"16\n",[15,145899,145900],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145901,145902],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145903,145897],{"class":57},[20,145905,145906],{},"This works like:",[147,145908,145909,145914,145919,145923],{},[150,145910,145911,145912],{},"Start at ",[15,145913,682],{},[150,145915,145916,145917],{},"Add ",[15,145918,58],{},[150,145920,145916,145921],{},[15,145922,104],{},[150,145924,145916,145925],{},[15,145926,479],{},[20,145928,145929],{},"This is useful when you already have a starting total.",[134,145931,137,145933,145935],{"id":145932},"what-sum-can-work-with",[15,145934,145573],{}," can work with",[20,145937,145938,145940],{},[15,145939,145573],{}," works with numeric values.",[223,145942,40036],{"id":40035},[30,145944,145946],{"className":32,"code":145945,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, 3, 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,145947,145948,145972],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145949,145950,145952,145954,145956,145958,145960,145962,145964,145966,145968,145970],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145951,812],{"class":45},[39,145953,50],{"class":49},[39,145955,3249],{"class":53},[39,145957,58],{"class":57},[39,145959,61],{"class":53},[39,145961,64],{"class":57},[39,145963,61],{"class":53},[39,145965,73],{"class":57},[39,145967,61],{"class":53},[39,145969,2080],{"class":57},[39,145971,3262],{"class":53},[39,145973,145974,145976,145978,145980,145982,145984],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,145975,113],{"class":112},[39,145977,101],{"class":53},[39,145979,145696],{"class":112},[39,145981,101],{"class":53},[39,145983,856],{"class":97},[39,145985,1026],{"class":53},[20,145987,458],{},[30,145989,145990],{"className":32,"code":2000,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,145991,145992],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,145993,145994],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,145995,2000],{"class":57},[223,145997,145998],{"id":51648},"Floats",[30,146000,146002],{"className":32,"code":146001,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"prices = [2.5, 3.75, 1.25]\nprint(sum(prices))\n",[15,146003,146004,146026],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146005,146006,146008,146010,146012,146014,146016,146019,146021,146024],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146007,82638],{"class":45},[39,146009,50],{"class":49},[39,146011,3249],{"class":53},[39,146013,40768],{"class":57},[39,146015,61],{"class":53},[39,146017,146018],{"class":57}," 3.75",[39,146020,61],{"class":53},[39,146022,146023],{"class":57}," 1.25",[39,146025,3262],{"class":53},[39,146027,146028,146030,146032,146034,146036,146038],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146029,113],{"class":112},[39,146031,101],{"class":53},[39,146033,145696],{"class":112},[39,146035,101],{"class":53},[39,146037,82674],{"class":97},[39,146039,1026],{"class":53},[20,146041,458],{},[30,146043,146045],{"className":32,"code":146044,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"7.5\n",[15,146046,146047],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146048,146049],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146050,146044],{"class":57},[20,146052,146053,146054,94],{},"If you need a refresher on numeric types, see ",[173,146055,146056],{"href":2042},"Python numbers explained: int and float",[223,146058,146060,146061],{"id":146059},"values-from-range","Values from ",[15,146062,35812],{},[30,146064,146066],{"className":32,"code":146065,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(sum(range(1, 6)))\n",[15,146067,146068],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146069,146070,146072,146074,146076,146078,146080,146082,146084,146086,146088],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146071,113],{"class":112},[39,146073,101],{"class":53},[39,146075,145696],{"class":112},[39,146077,101],{"class":53},[39,146079,59589],{"class":112},[39,146081,101],{"class":53},[39,146083,58],{"class":57},[39,146085,61],{"class":53},[39,146087,37256],{"class":57},[39,146089,2534],{"class":53},[20,146091,458],{},[30,146093,146094],{"className":32,"code":46646,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146095,146096],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146097,146098],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146099,46646],{"class":57},[20,146101,113145,146102,94],{},[15,146103,146104],{},"1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5",[223,146106,146108],{"id":146107},"boolean-values","Boolean values",[20,146110,146111,146112,146114,146115,796,146117,146114,146119,94],{},"Booleans can also be summed because ",[15,146113,939],{}," acts like ",[15,146116,58],{},[15,146118,1038],{},[15,146120,221],{},[30,146122,146124],{"className":32,"code":146123,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"results = [True, False, True, True]\nprint(sum(results))\n",[15,146125,146126,146150],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146127,146128,146130,146132,146134,146136,146138,146140,146142,146144,146146,146148],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146129,51568],{"class":45},[39,146131,50],{"class":49},[39,146133,3249],{"class":53},[39,146135,939],{"class":3477},[39,146137,61],{"class":53},[39,146139,3532],{"class":3477},[39,146141,61],{"class":53},[39,146143,3541],{"class":3477},[39,146145,61],{"class":53},[39,146147,3541],{"class":3477},[39,146149,3262],{"class":53},[39,146151,146152,146154,146156,146158,146160,146162],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146153,113],{"class":112},[39,146155,101],{"class":53},[39,146157,145696],{"class":112},[39,146159,101],{"class":53},[39,146161,51621],{"class":97},[39,146163,1026],{"class":53},[20,146165,458],{},[30,146167,146168],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146169,146170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146171,146172],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146173,461],{"class":57},[20,146175,146176,146177,94],{},"This is a simple way to count how many values are ",[15,146178,939],{},[134,146180,137,146182,146184],{"id":146181},"what-sum-does-not-work-with",[15,146183,145573],{}," does not work with",[20,146186,146187,146189],{},[15,146188,145573],{}," is for numeric addition. It is not for joining text or combining lists.",[223,146191,146193],{"id":146192},"it-does-not-join-strings","It does not join strings",[20,146195,2458],{},[30,146197,146199],{"className":32,"code":146198,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(sum(words))\n",[15,146200,146201,146225],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146202,146203,146205,146207,146209,146211,146213,146215,146217,146219,146221,146223],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146204,1191],{"class":45},[39,146206,50],{"class":49},[39,146208,3249],{"class":53},[39,146210,244],{"class":243},[39,146212,3470],{"class":247},[39,146214,244],{"class":243},[39,146216,61],{"class":53},[39,146218,255],{"class":243},[39,146220,60182],{"class":247},[39,146222,244],{"class":243},[39,146224,3262],{"class":53},[39,146226,146227,146229,146231,146233,146235,146237],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146228,113],{"class":112},[39,146230,101],{"class":53},[39,146232,145696],{"class":112},[39,146234,101],{"class":53},[39,146236,1229],{"class":97},[39,146238,1026],{"class":53},[20,146240,146241],{},"Use string joining instead:",[30,146243,146245],{"className":32,"code":146244,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = [\"hello\", \"world\"]\nprint(\"\".join(words))\n",[15,146246,146247,146271],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146248,146249,146251,146253,146255,146257,146259,146261,146263,146265,146267,146269],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146250,1191],{"class":45},[39,146252,50],{"class":49},[39,146254,3249],{"class":53},[39,146256,244],{"class":243},[39,146258,3470],{"class":247},[39,146260,244],{"class":243},[39,146262,61],{"class":53},[39,146264,255],{"class":243},[39,146266,60182],{"class":247},[39,146268,244],{"class":243},[39,146270,3262],{"class":53},[39,146272,146273,146275,146277,146279,146281,146283,146285,146287],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146274,113],{"class":112},[39,146276,101],{"class":53},[39,146278,5887],{"class":243},[39,146280,94],{"class":53},[39,146282,133098],{"class":97},[39,146284,101],{"class":53},[39,146286,1229],{"class":97},[39,146288,1026],{"class":53},[20,146290,458],{},[30,146292,146294],{"className":32,"code":146293,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"helloworld\n",[15,146295,146296],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146297,146298],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146299,146293],{"class":45},[20,146301,146302,146303,94],{},"If you need to turn values into text first, see ",[173,146304,146305,5399],{"href":41783},[15,146306,47289],{},[223,146308,146310],{"id":146309},"it-does-not-combine-lists","It does not combine lists",[20,146312,146313],{},"This also causes an error:",[30,146315,146317],{"className":32,"code":146316,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4]]\nprint(sum(lists))\n",[15,146318,146319,146346],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146320,146321,146324,146326,146328,146330,146332,146334,146336,146338,146340,146342,146344],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146322,146323],{"class":45},"lists ",[39,146325,50],{"class":49},[39,146327,55895],{"class":53},[39,146329,58],{"class":57},[39,146331,61],{"class":53},[39,146333,64],{"class":57},[39,146335,17674],{"class":53},[39,146337,3249],{"class":53},[39,146339,479],{"class":57},[39,146341,61],{"class":53},[39,146343,2080],{"class":57},[39,146345,52844],{"class":53},[39,146347,146348,146350,146352,146354,146356,146358],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146349,113],{"class":112},[39,146351,101],{"class":53},[39,146353,145696],{"class":112},[39,146355,101],{"class":53},[39,146357,4917],{"class":97},[39,146359,1026],{"class":53},[20,146361,146362,146364],{},[15,146363,145573],{}," is not the right tool for combining lists.",[223,146366,146368],{"id":146367},"it-fails-with-mixed-incompatible-types","It fails with mixed incompatible types",[20,146370,5088],{},[30,146372,146374],{"className":32,"code":146373,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146375,146376,146400],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146377,146378,146380,146382,146384,146386,146388,146390,146392,146394,146396,146398],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146379,812],{"class":45},[39,146381,50],{"class":49},[39,146383,3249],{"class":53},[39,146385,58],{"class":57},[39,146387,61],{"class":53},[39,146389,64],{"class":57},[39,146391,61],{"class":53},[39,146393,255],{"class":243},[39,146395,479],{"class":247},[39,146397,244],{"class":243},[39,146399,3262],{"class":53},[39,146401,146402,146404,146406,146408,146410,146412],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146403,113],{"class":112},[39,146405,101],{"class":53},[39,146407,145696],{"class":112},[39,146409,101],{"class":53},[39,146411,856],{"class":97},[39,146413,1026],{"class":53},[20,146415,146416],{},"This fails because Python cannot add integers and strings together.",[20,146418,146419,146420,146422,146423,94],{},"If you have number strings such as ",[15,146421,65536],{},", convert them first. See ",[173,146424,2585],{"href":2584},[134,146426,41113],{"id":41112},[20,146428,146429,146430,94],{},"Here are some of the most common beginner mistakes with ",[15,146431,145573],{},[223,146433,6140],{"id":6139},[20,146435,4148],{},[30,146437,146439],{"className":32,"code":146438,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(sum(5))\n",[15,146440,146441],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146442,146443,146445,146447,146449,146451,146453],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146444,113],{"class":112},[39,146446,101],{"class":53},[39,146448,145696],{"class":112},[39,146450,101],{"class":53},[39,146452,1376],{"class":57},[39,146454,1026],{"class":53},[20,146456,146457],{},"Why it fails:",[147,146459,146460,146465],{},[150,146461,146462,146464],{},[15,146463,1376],{}," is a single integer",[150,146466,146467,146469],{},[15,146468,145573],{}," expects an iterable, not one number",[20,146471,6170],{},[30,146473,146475],{"className":32,"code":146474,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(sum([5]))\n",[15,146476,146477],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146478,146479,146481,146483,146485,146487,146489],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146480,113],{"class":112},[39,146482,101],{"class":53},[39,146484,145696],{"class":112},[39,146486,2608],{"class":53},[39,146488,1376],{"class":57},[39,146490,2621],{"class":53},[20,146492,458],{},[30,146494,146495],{"className":32,"code":2569,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146496,146497],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146498,146499],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146500,2569],{"class":57},[223,146502,146504],{"id":146503},"trying-to-sum-strings","Trying to sum strings",[20,146506,4148],{},[30,146508,146510],{"className":32,"code":146509,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146511,146512,146544],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146513,146514,146516,146518,146520,146522,146524,146526,146528,146530,146532,146534,146536,146538,146540,146542],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146515,812],{"class":45},[39,146517,50],{"class":49},[39,146519,3249],{"class":53},[39,146521,244],{"class":243},[39,146523,58],{"class":247},[39,146525,244],{"class":243},[39,146527,61],{"class":53},[39,146529,255],{"class":243},[39,146531,104],{"class":247},[39,146533,244],{"class":243},[39,146535,61],{"class":53},[39,146537,255],{"class":243},[39,146539,479],{"class":247},[39,146541,244],{"class":243},[39,146543,3262],{"class":53},[39,146545,146546,146548,146550,146552,146554,146556],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146547,113],{"class":112},[39,146549,101],{"class":53},[39,146551,145696],{"class":112},[39,146553,101],{"class":53},[39,146555,856],{"class":97},[39,146557,1026],{"class":53},[20,146559,146560],{},"Fix it by converting the strings to integers:",[30,146562,146564],{"className":32,"code":146563,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [\"1\", \"2\", \"3\"]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146565,146566,146598,146626],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146567,146568,146570,146572,146574,146576,146578,146580,146582,146584,146586,146588,146590,146592,146594,146596],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146569,812],{"class":45},[39,146571,50],{"class":49},[39,146573,3249],{"class":53},[39,146575,244],{"class":243},[39,146577,58],{"class":247},[39,146579,244],{"class":243},[39,146581,61],{"class":53},[39,146583,255],{"class":243},[39,146585,104],{"class":247},[39,146587,244],{"class":243},[39,146589,61],{"class":53},[39,146591,255],{"class":243},[39,146593,479],{"class":247},[39,146595,244],{"class":243},[39,146597,3262],{"class":53},[39,146599,146600,146602,146604,146606,146608,146610,146612,146614,146616,146618,146620,146622,146624],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146601,40792],{"class":45},[39,146603,50],{"class":49},[39,146605,145626],{"class":112},[39,146607,101],{"class":53},[39,146609,1813],{"class":2523},[39,146611,101],{"class":53},[39,146613,1798],{"class":97},[39,146615,121],{"class":53},[39,146617,3502],{"class":572},[39,146619,3505],{"class":97},[39,146621,1128],{"class":572},[39,146623,3510],{"class":97},[39,146625,80],{"class":53},[39,146627,146628,146630,146632,146634],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,146629,113],{"class":112},[39,146631,101],{"class":53},[39,146633,40821],{"class":97},[39,146635,80],{"class":53},[20,146637,458],{},[30,146639,146640],{"className":32,"code":2277,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146641,146642],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146643,146644],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146645,2277],{"class":57},[20,146647,146648],{},"This kind of problem is related to TypeError with unsupported operand types.",[223,146650,146652],{"id":146651},"mixing-numbers-and-strings","Mixing numbers and strings",[20,146654,4148],{},[30,146656,146658],{"className":32,"code":146657,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\nprint(sum(values))\n",[15,146659,146660,146688],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146661,146662,146664,146666,146668,146670,146672,146674,146676,146678,146680,146682,146684,146686],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146663,812],{"class":45},[39,146665,50],{"class":49},[39,146667,3249],{"class":53},[39,146669,58],{"class":57},[39,146671,61],{"class":53},[39,146673,64],{"class":57},[39,146675,61],{"class":53},[39,146677,255],{"class":243},[39,146679,479],{"class":247},[39,146681,244],{"class":243},[39,146683,61],{"class":53},[39,146685,2080],{"class":57},[39,146687,3262],{"class":53},[39,146689,146690,146692,146694,146696,146698,146700],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146691,113],{"class":112},[39,146693,101],{"class":53},[39,146695,145696],{"class":112},[39,146697,101],{"class":53},[39,146699,856],{"class":97},[39,146701,1026],{"class":53},[20,146703,146704],{},"Fix it by making all values numeric:",[30,146706,146708],{"className":32,"code":146707,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, \"3\", 4]\ntotal = sum(int(x) for x in values)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146709,146710,146738,146766],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146711,146712,146714,146716,146718,146720,146722,146724,146726,146728,146730,146732,146734,146736],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146713,812],{"class":45},[39,146715,50],{"class":49},[39,146717,3249],{"class":53},[39,146719,58],{"class":57},[39,146721,61],{"class":53},[39,146723,64],{"class":57},[39,146725,61],{"class":53},[39,146727,255],{"class":243},[39,146729,479],{"class":247},[39,146731,244],{"class":243},[39,146733,61],{"class":53},[39,146735,2080],{"class":57},[39,146737,3262],{"class":53},[39,146739,146740,146742,146744,146746,146748,146750,146752,146754,146756,146758,146760,146762,146764],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146741,40792],{"class":45},[39,146743,50],{"class":49},[39,146745,145626],{"class":112},[39,146747,101],{"class":53},[39,146749,1813],{"class":2523},[39,146751,101],{"class":53},[39,146753,1798],{"class":97},[39,146755,121],{"class":53},[39,146757,3502],{"class":572},[39,146759,3505],{"class":97},[39,146761,1128],{"class":572},[39,146763,3510],{"class":97},[39,146765,80],{"class":53},[39,146767,146768,146770,146772,146774],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,146769,113],{"class":112},[39,146771,101],{"class":53},[39,146773,40821],{"class":97},[39,146775,80],{"class":53},[20,146777,458],{},[30,146779,146780],{"className":32,"code":2000,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146781,146782],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146783,146784],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146785,2000],{"class":57},[223,146787,948,146789,146791],{"id":146788},"using-sum-to-join-text",[15,146790,145573],{}," to join text",[20,146793,4148],{},[30,146795,146797],{"className":32,"code":146796,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(sum(letters))\n",[15,146798,146799,146855],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146800,146801,146803,146805,146807,146809,146811,146813,146815,146817,146819,146821,146823,146825,146827,146829,146831,146833,146835,146837,146839,146841,146843,146845,146847,146849,146851,146853],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146802,1053],{"class":45},[39,146804,50],{"class":49},[39,146806,3249],{"class":53},[39,146808,244],{"class":243},[39,146810,133697],{"class":247},[39,146812,244],{"class":243},[39,146814,61],{"class":53},[39,146816,255],{"class":243},[39,146818,11357],{"class":247},[39,146820,244],{"class":243},[39,146822,61],{"class":53},[39,146824,255],{"class":243},[39,146826,62878],{"class":247},[39,146828,244],{"class":243},[39,146830,61],{"class":53},[39,146832,255],{"class":243},[39,146834,60029],{"class":247},[39,146836,244],{"class":243},[39,146838,61],{"class":53},[39,146840,255],{"class":243},[39,146842,60064],{"class":247},[39,146844,244],{"class":243},[39,146846,61],{"class":53},[39,146848,255],{"class":243},[39,146850,75620],{"class":247},[39,146852,244],{"class":243},[39,146854,3262],{"class":53},[39,146856,146857,146859,146861,146863,146865,146867],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146858,113],{"class":112},[39,146860,101],{"class":53},[39,146862,145696],{"class":112},[39,146864,101],{"class":53},[39,146866,35757],{"class":97},[39,146868,1026],{"class":53},[20,146870,128,146871,60123],{},[15,146872,133021],{},[30,146874,146876],{"className":32,"code":146875,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = [\"P\", \"y\", \"t\", \"h\", \"o\", \"n\"]\nprint(\"\".join(letters))\n",[15,146877,146878,146934],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146879,146880,146882,146884,146886,146888,146890,146892,146894,146896,146898,146900,146902,146904,146906,146908,146910,146912,146914,146916,146918,146920,146922,146924,146926,146928,146930,146932],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146881,1053],{"class":45},[39,146883,50],{"class":49},[39,146885,3249],{"class":53},[39,146887,244],{"class":243},[39,146889,133697],{"class":247},[39,146891,244],{"class":243},[39,146893,61],{"class":53},[39,146895,255],{"class":243},[39,146897,11357],{"class":247},[39,146899,244],{"class":243},[39,146901,61],{"class":53},[39,146903,255],{"class":243},[39,146905,62878],{"class":247},[39,146907,244],{"class":243},[39,146909,61],{"class":53},[39,146911,255],{"class":243},[39,146913,60029],{"class":247},[39,146915,244],{"class":243},[39,146917,61],{"class":53},[39,146919,255],{"class":243},[39,146921,60064],{"class":247},[39,146923,244],{"class":243},[39,146925,61],{"class":53},[39,146927,255],{"class":243},[39,146929,75620],{"class":247},[39,146931,244],{"class":243},[39,146933,3262],{"class":53},[39,146935,146936,146938,146940,146942,146944,146946,146948,146950],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,146937,113],{"class":112},[39,146939,101],{"class":53},[39,146941,5887],{"class":243},[39,146943,94],{"class":53},[39,146945,133098],{"class":97},[39,146947,101],{"class":53},[39,146949,35757],{"class":97},[39,146951,1026],{"class":53},[20,146953,458],{},[30,146955,146956],{"className":32,"code":133778,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,146957,146958],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146959,146960],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146961,133778],{"class":45},[20,146963,146964,146965,94],{},"If you see string-related errors while building text, you may also want to read ",[173,146966,146967],{"href":134859},"TypeError: sequence item 0 expected str instance",[134,146969,146971,146973],{"id":146970},"sum-vs-manual-loop",[15,146972,145573],{}," vs manual loop",[20,146975,146976,146978],{},[15,146977,145573],{}," is often better when you only need the total.",[223,146980,948,146982],{"id":146981},"using-sum",[15,146983,145573],{},[30,146985,146987],{"className":32,"code":146986,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = sum(numbers)\nprint(total)\n",[15,146988,146989,147009,147023],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,146990,146991,146993,146995,146997,146999,147001,147003,147005,147007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,146992,46],{"class":45},[39,146994,50],{"class":49},[39,146996,3249],{"class":53},[39,146998,1333],{"class":57},[39,147000,61],{"class":53},[39,147002,1338],{"class":57},[39,147004,61],{"class":53},[39,147006,1343],{"class":57},[39,147008,3262],{"class":53},[39,147010,147011,147013,147015,147017,147019,147021],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,147012,40792],{"class":45},[39,147014,50],{"class":49},[39,147016,145626],{"class":112},[39,147018,101],{"class":53},[39,147020,992],{"class":97},[39,147022,80],{"class":53},[39,147024,147025,147027,147029,147031],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,147026,113],{"class":112},[39,147028,101],{"class":53},[39,147030,40821],{"class":97},[39,147032,80],{"class":53},[223,147034,147036],{"id":147035},"using-a-manual-loop","Using a manual loop",[30,147038,147040],{"className":32,"code":147039,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [4, 7, 9]\ntotal = 0\n\nfor number in numbers:\n    total += number\n\nprint(total)\n",[15,147041,147042,147062,147070,147074,147086,147094,147098],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147043,147044,147046,147048,147050,147052,147054,147056,147058,147060],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147045,46],{"class":45},[39,147047,50],{"class":49},[39,147049,3249],{"class":53},[39,147051,1333],{"class":57},[39,147053,61],{"class":53},[39,147055,1338],{"class":57},[39,147057,61],{"class":53},[39,147059,1343],{"class":57},[39,147061,3262],{"class":53},[39,147063,147064,147066,147068],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,147065,40792],{"class":45},[39,147067,50],{"class":49},[39,147069,38123],{"class":57},[39,147071,147072],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,147073,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,147075,147076,147078,147080,147082,147084],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,147077,5574],{"class":572},[39,147079,6002],{"class":45},[39,147081,1128],{"class":572},[39,147083,91],{"class":45},[39,147085,598],{"class":53},[39,147087,147088,147090,147092],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,147089,89697],{"class":45},[39,147091,89700],{"class":49},[39,147093,89703],{"class":45},[39,147095,147096],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,147097,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,147099,147100,147102,147104,147106],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,147101,113],{"class":112},[39,147103,101],{"class":53},[39,147105,40821],{"class":97},[39,147107,80],{"class":53},[20,147109,147110],{},"Both produce the same result.",[20,147112,2111,147113,147115],{},[15,147114,145573],{}," is often better:",[147,147117,147118,147121,147124],{},[150,147119,147120],{},"Shorter code",[150,147122,147123],{},"Easier to read",[150,147125,147126],{},"Clear intent: you want a total",[20,147128,147129],{},"Why a manual loop is sometimes better:",[147,147131,147132,147135,147138],{},[150,147133,147134],{},"You need to skip some values",[150,147136,147137],{},"You need extra checks",[150,147139,147140],{},"You want to change values before adding them",[20,147142,147143,147144,147147,147148,147150],{},"For example, if you only want certain items, you might first ",[173,147145,147146],{"href":39619},"filter a list in Python"," and then use ",[15,147149,145573],{}," on the filtered result.",[134,147152,944],{"id":943},[20,147154,147155,147156,145],{},"These are the most common causes of problems with ",[15,147157,145573],{},[147,147159,147160,147166,147173,147180],{},[150,147161,147162,147163],{},"Passing a number instead of an iterable, such as ",[15,147164,147165],{},"sum(5)",[150,147167,147168,147169,147172],{},"Trying to sum strings like ",[15,147170,147171],{},"['1', '2', '3']"," without converting them",[150,147174,948,147175,147177,147178],{},[15,147176,145573],{}," to join text instead of using string ",[15,147179,133021],{},[150,147181,147182],{},"Mixing numbers and strings in the same iterable",[20,147184,8487,147185,147187],{},[15,147186,145573],{}," is failing, these quick checks can help:",[30,147189,147191],{"className":32,"code":147190,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(values)\nprint(type(values))\nprint([type(x) for x in values])\nprint(sum([int(x) for x in values]))\n",[15,147192,147193,147203,147217,147241],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147194,147195,147197,147199,147201],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147196,113],{"class":112},[39,147198,101],{"class":53},[39,147200,856],{"class":97},[39,147202,80],{"class":53},[39,147204,147205,147207,147209,147211,147213,147215],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,147206,113],{"class":112},[39,147208,101],{"class":53},[39,147210,2845],{"class":2523},[39,147212,101],{"class":53},[39,147214,856],{"class":97},[39,147216,1026],{"class":53},[39,147218,147219,147221,147223,147225,147227,147229,147231,147233,147235,147237,147239],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,147220,113],{"class":112},[39,147222,2608],{"class":53},[39,147224,2845],{"class":2523},[39,147226,101],{"class":53},[39,147228,1798],{"class":97},[39,147230,121],{"class":53},[39,147232,3502],{"class":572},[39,147234,3505],{"class":97},[39,147236,1128],{"class":572},[39,147238,3510],{"class":97},[39,147240,3513],{"class":53},[39,147242,147243,147245,147247,147249,147251,147253,147255,147257,147259,147261,147263,147265,147267],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,147244,113],{"class":112},[39,147246,101],{"class":53},[39,147248,145696],{"class":112},[39,147250,2608],{"class":53},[39,147252,1813],{"class":2523},[39,147254,101],{"class":53},[39,147256,1798],{"class":97},[39,147258,121],{"class":53},[39,147260,3502],{"class":572},[39,147262,3505],{"class":97},[39,147264,1128],{"class":572},[39,147266,3510],{"class":97},[39,147268,2621],{"class":53},[20,147270,135592],{},[147,147272,147273,147279,147285,147290],{},[150,147274,147275,147278],{},[15,147276,147277],{},"print(values)"," shows the actual data",[150,147280,147281,147284],{},[15,147282,147283],{},"print(type(values))"," shows whether the main object is a list, tuple, or something else",[150,147286,147287,135614],{},[15,147288,147289],{},"print([type(x) for x in values])",[150,147291,147292,147295],{},[15,147293,147294],{},"print(sum([int(x) for x in values]))"," tests whether conversion to integers fixes the problem",[134,147297,1454],{"id":1453},[223,147299,1458,147301,1461],{"id":147300},"what-does-sum-return-in-python",[15,147302,145573],{},[20,147304,147305],{},"It returns the total of the numeric values in an iterable.",[223,147307,1487,147309,147311],{"id":147308},"can-sum-add-strings-in-python",[15,147310,145573],{}," add strings in Python?",[20,147313,29883,147314,177,147317,147320],{},[15,147315,147316],{},"''.join(...)",[15,147318,147319],{},"'separator'.join(...)"," for strings.",[223,147322,1487,147324,147326],{"id":147323},"can-sum-work-with-floats",[15,147325,145573],{}," work with floats?",[20,147328,147329],{},"Yes. It can add both integers and floats.",[223,147331,147333,147334,929],{"id":147332},"what-is-the-second-argument-in-sum","What is the second argument in ",[15,147335,145573],{},[20,147337,147338,147339,147341],{},"It is the optional ",[15,147340,35687],{}," value added before the iterable values are summed.",[223,147343,922,147345,118979,147347,929],{"id":147344},"why-does-sum-give-a-typeerror",[15,147346,145573],{},[15,147348,2627],{},[20,147350,147351],{},"Usually because one or more values are not numbers, or because the argument is not an iterable.",[134,147353,1514],{"id":1513},[147,147355,147356,147360,147366,147372,147378,147382,147386],{},[150,147357,147358],{},[173,147359,146056],{"href":2042},[150,147361,147362],{},[173,147363,3202,147364,3135],{"href":35809},[15,147365,35812],{},[150,147367,147368],{},[173,147369,3202,147370,3135],{"href":41966},[15,147371,1542],{},[150,147373,147374],{},[173,147375,3202,147376,3135],{"href":41783},[15,147377,47289],{},[150,147379,147380],{},[173,147381,4838],{"href":39619},[150,147383,147384],{},[173,147385,3152],{"href":2584},[150,147387,147388],{},[173,147389,146967],{"href":134859},[1550,147391,147392],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s99_P, html code.shiki .s99_P{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#E36209;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#FFAB70;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":147394},[147395,147396,147398,147399,147400,147402,147410,147416,147423,147429,147430,147442],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":145652,"depth":83,"text":147397},"What sum() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":145830,"depth":83,"text":147401},"Using the start value",{"id":145932,"depth":83,"text":147403,"children":147404},"What sum() can work with",[147405,147406,147407,147409],{"id":40035,"depth":109,"text":40036},{"id":51648,"depth":109,"text":145998},{"id":146059,"depth":109,"text":147408},"Values from range()",{"id":146107,"depth":109,"text":146108},{"id":146181,"depth":83,"text":147411,"children":147412},"What sum() does not work with",[147413,147414,147415],{"id":146192,"depth":109,"text":146193},{"id":146309,"depth":109,"text":146310},{"id":146367,"depth":109,"text":146368},{"id":41112,"depth":83,"text":41113,"children":147417},[147418,147419,147420,147421],{"id":6139,"depth":109,"text":6140},{"id":146503,"depth":109,"text":146504},{"id":146651,"depth":109,"text":146652},{"id":146788,"depth":109,"text":147422},"Using sum() to join text",{"id":146970,"depth":83,"text":147424,"children":147425},"sum() vs manual loop",[147426,147428],{"id":146981,"depth":109,"text":147427},"Using sum()",{"id":147035,"depth":109,"text":147036},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":147431},[147432,147434,147436,147438,147440],{"id":147300,"depth":109,"text":147433},"What does sum() return in Python?",{"id":147308,"depth":109,"text":147435},"Can sum() add strings in Python?",{"id":147323,"depth":109,"text":147437},"Can sum() work with floats?",{"id":147332,"depth":109,"text":147439},"What is the second argument in sum()?",{"id":147344,"depth":109,"text":147441},"Why does sum() give a TypeError?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python sum function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained",{"title":145565,"description":147443},"reference\u002Fpython-sum-function-explained","pUBJSfP8YGcV7z25xWzkoWEl0bvqGBoLMBf338R4GWY",{"id":4,"title":5,"body":147450,"description":1586,"extension":1587,"meta":148723,"navigation":420,"path":1589,"seo":148724,"stem":1591,"__hash__":1592},{"type":7,"value":147451,"toc":148698},[147452,147456,147460,147462,147524,147528,147532,147536,147548,147556,147558,147576,147588,147590,147682,147684,147696,147698,147700,147788,147790,147798,147806,147808,147812,147828,147830,147918,147920,147938,147940,147944,147954,147956,148028,148030,148046,148048,148050,148068,148070,148178,148184,148190,148192,148196,148198,148240,148242,148264,148272,148276,148350,148354,148378,148384,148386,148388,148390,148394,148478,148484,148486,148488,148506,148510,148570,148574,148622,148630,148632,148636,148638,148642,148644,148646,148650,148654,148656,148662,148668,148670,148696],[10,147453,13,147454,18],{"id":12},[15,147455,17],{},[20,147457,147458,25],{},[15,147459,24],{},[20,147461,28],{},[30,147463,147464],{"className":32,"code":33,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147465,147466,147494,147512],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147467,147468,147470,147472,147474,147476,147478,147480,147482,147484,147486,147488,147490,147492],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147469,46],{"class":45},[39,147471,50],{"class":49},[39,147473,54],{"class":53},[39,147475,58],{"class":57},[39,147477,61],{"class":53},[39,147479,64],{"class":57},[39,147481,61],{"class":53},[39,147483,64],{"class":57},[39,147485,61],{"class":53},[39,147487,73],{"class":57},[39,147489,61],{"class":53},[39,147491,64],{"class":57},[39,147493,80],{"class":53},[39,147495,147496,147498,147500,147502,147504,147506,147508,147510],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,147497,86],{"class":45},[39,147499,50],{"class":49},[39,147501,91],{"class":45},[39,147503,94],{"class":53},[39,147505,98],{"class":97},[39,147507,101],{"class":53},[39,147509,104],{"class":57},[39,147511,80],{"class":53},[39,147513,147514,147516,147518,147520,147522],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,147515,113],{"class":112},[39,147517,101],{"class":53},[39,147519,118],{"class":97},[39,147521,121],{"class":53},[39,147523,125],{"class":124},[20,147525,128,147526,132],{},[15,147527,131],{},[134,147529,137,147530,140],{"id":136},[15,147531,24],{},[20,147533,147534,145],{},[15,147535,131],{},[147,147537,147538,147542,147544,147546],{},[150,147539,152,147540,156],{},[15,147541,155],{},[150,147543,159],{},[150,147545,162],{},[150,147547,165],{},[20,147549,168,147550,171,147552,177,147554,94],{},[15,147551,17],{},[173,147553,176],{"href":175},[173,147555,181],{"href":180},[134,147557,185],{"id":184},[30,147559,147560],{"className":32,"code":188,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147561,147562],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147563,147564,147566,147568,147570,147572,147574],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147565,195],{"class":45},[39,147567,94],{"class":53},[39,147569,98],{"class":97},[39,147571,101],{"class":53},[39,147573,155],{"class":97},[39,147575,80],{"class":53},[147,147577,147578,147582,147584],{},[150,147579,147580,212],{},[15,147581,155],{},[150,147583,215],{},[150,147585,218,147586],{},[15,147587,221],{},[223,147589,226],{"id":225},[30,147591,147592],{"className":32,"code":229,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147593,147594,147634,147658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147595,147596,147598,147600,147602,147604,147606,147608,147610,147612,147614,147616,147618,147620,147622,147624,147626,147628,147630,147632],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147597,236],{"class":45},[39,147599,50],{"class":49},[39,147601,54],{"class":53},[39,147603,244],{"class":243},[39,147605,248],{"class":247},[39,147607,244],{"class":243},[39,147609,61],{"class":53},[39,147611,255],{"class":243},[39,147613,258],{"class":247},[39,147615,244],{"class":243},[39,147617,61],{"class":53},[39,147619,255],{"class":243},[39,147621,248],{"class":247},[39,147623,244],{"class":243},[39,147625,61],{"class":53},[39,147627,255],{"class":243},[39,147629,275],{"class":247},[39,147631,244],{"class":243},[39,147633,80],{"class":53},[39,147635,147636,147638,147640,147642,147644,147646,147648,147650,147652,147654,147656],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,147637,113],{"class":112},[39,147639,101],{"class":53},[39,147641,288],{"class":97},[39,147643,94],{"class":53},[39,147645,98],{"class":97},[39,147647,101],{"class":53},[39,147649,244],{"class":243},[39,147651,248],{"class":247},[39,147653,244],{"class":243},[39,147655,303],{"class":53},[39,147657,306],{"class":124},[39,147659,147660,147662,147664,147666,147668,147670,147672,147674,147676,147678,147680],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,147661,113],{"class":112},[39,147663,101],{"class":53},[39,147665,288],{"class":97},[39,147667,94],{"class":53},[39,147669,98],{"class":97},[39,147671,101],{"class":53},[39,147673,244],{"class":243},[39,147675,325],{"class":247},[39,147677,244],{"class":243},[39,147679,303],{"class":53},[39,147681,332],{"class":124},[20,147683,335],{},[147,147685,147686,147690],{},[150,147687,147688,343],{},[15,147689,342],{},[150,147691,147692,349,147694],{},[15,147693,348],{},[15,147695,221],{},[134,147697,355],{"id":354},[20,147699,358],{},[30,147701,147702],{"className":32,"code":361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147703,147704,147752,147756,147778],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147705,147706,147708,147710,147712,147714,147716,147718,147720,147722,147724,147726,147728,147730,147732,147734,147736,147738,147740,147742,147744,147746,147748,147750],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147707,368],{"class":45},[39,147709,50],{"class":49},[39,147711,54],{"class":53},[39,147713,244],{"class":243},[39,147715,377],{"class":247},[39,147717,244],{"class":243},[39,147719,61],{"class":53},[39,147721,255],{"class":243},[39,147723,386],{"class":247},[39,147725,244],{"class":243},[39,147727,61],{"class":53},[39,147729,255],{"class":243},[39,147731,377],{"class":247},[39,147733,244],{"class":243},[39,147735,61],{"class":53},[39,147737,255],{"class":243},[39,147739,403],{"class":247},[39,147741,244],{"class":243},[39,147743,61],{"class":53},[39,147745,255],{"class":243},[39,147747,377],{"class":247},[39,147749,244],{"class":243},[39,147751,80],{"class":53},[39,147753,147754],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,147755,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,147757,147758,147760,147762,147764,147766,147768,147770,147772,147774,147776],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,147759,86],{"class":45},[39,147761,50],{"class":49},[39,147763,430],{"class":45},[39,147765,94],{"class":53},[39,147767,98],{"class":97},[39,147769,101],{"class":53},[39,147771,244],{"class":243},[39,147773,377],{"class":247},[39,147775,244],{"class":243},[39,147777,80],{"class":53},[39,147779,147780,147782,147784,147786],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,147781,113],{"class":112},[39,147783,101],{"class":53},[39,147785,118],{"class":97},[39,147787,80],{"class":53},[20,147789,458],{},[30,147791,147792],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147793,147794],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147795,147796],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147797,461],{"class":57},[20,147799,147800,473,147802,476,147804,94],{},[15,147801,472],{},[15,147803,17],{},[15,147805,479],{},[134,147807,483],{"id":482},[20,147809,486,147810,489],{},[15,147811,17],{},[147,147813,147814,147818,147822,147824],{},[150,147815,494,147816,497],{},[15,147817,221],{},[150,147819,494,147820,502],{},[15,147821,58],{},[150,147823,505],{},[150,147825,508,147826,512],{},[15,147827,511],{},[20,147829,515],{},[30,147831,147832],{"className":32,"code":518,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147833,147834,147874,147878,147904],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147835,147836,147838,147840,147842,147844,147846,147848,147850,147852,147854,147856,147858,147860,147862,147864,147866,147868,147870,147872],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147837,525],{"class":45},[39,147839,50],{"class":49},[39,147841,54],{"class":53},[39,147843,244],{"class":243},[39,147845,534],{"class":247},[39,147847,244],{"class":243},[39,147849,61],{"class":53},[39,147851,255],{"class":243},[39,147853,543],{"class":247},[39,147855,244],{"class":243},[39,147857,61],{"class":53},[39,147859,255],{"class":243},[39,147861,534],{"class":247},[39,147863,244],{"class":243},[39,147865,61],{"class":53},[39,147867,255],{"class":243},[39,147869,534],{"class":247},[39,147871,244],{"class":243},[39,147873,80],{"class":53},[39,147875,147876],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,147877,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,147879,147880,147882,147884,147886,147888,147890,147892,147894,147896,147898,147900,147902],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,147881,511],{"class":572},[39,147883,575],{"class":45},[39,147885,94],{"class":53},[39,147887,98],{"class":97},[39,147889,101],{"class":53},[39,147891,244],{"class":243},[39,147893,534],{"class":247},[39,147895,244],{"class":243},[39,147897,121],{"class":53},[39,147899,592],{"class":49},[39,147901,595],{"class":57},[39,147903,598],{"class":53},[39,147905,147906,147908,147910,147912,147914,147916],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,147907,603],{"class":112},[39,147909,101],{"class":53},[39,147911,244],{"class":243},[39,147913,610],{"class":247},[39,147915,244],{"class":243},[39,147917,80],{"class":53},[20,147919,458],{},[30,147921,147922],{"className":32,"code":619,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147923,147924],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147925,147926,147928,147930,147932,147934,147936],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147927,626],{"class":45},[39,147929,629],{"class":243},[39,147931,534],{"class":247},[39,147933,629],{"class":243},[39,147935,636],{"class":45},[39,147937,639],{"class":53},[134,147939,643],{"id":642},[20,147941,646,147942,649],{},[15,147943,24],{},[147,147945,147946,147948,147950,147952],{},[150,147947,654],{},[150,147949,657],{},[150,147951,660],{},[150,147953,663],{},[20,147955,515],{},[30,147957,147958],{"className":32,"code":668,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,147959,147960,147988,147992,148014],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,147961,147962,147964,147966,147968,147970,147972,147974,147976,147978,147980,147982,147984,147986],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,147963,675],{"class":45},[39,147965,50],{"class":49},[39,147967,54],{"class":53},[39,147969,682],{"class":57},[39,147971,61],{"class":53},[39,147973,687],{"class":57},[39,147975,61],{"class":53},[39,147977,692],{"class":57},[39,147979,61],{"class":53},[39,147981,697],{"class":57},[39,147983,61],{"class":53},[39,147985,692],{"class":57},[39,147987,80],{"class":53},[39,147989,147990],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,147991,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,147993,147994,147996,147998,148000,148002,148004,148006,148008,148010,148012],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,147995,511],{"class":572},[39,147997,714],{"class":45},[39,147999,94],{"class":53},[39,148001,98],{"class":97},[39,148003,101],{"class":53},[39,148005,682],{"class":57},[39,148007,121],{"class":53},[39,148009,727],{"class":49},[39,148011,64],{"class":57},[39,148013,598],{"class":53},[39,148015,148016,148018,148020,148022,148024,148026],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,148017,603],{"class":112},[39,148019,101],{"class":53},[39,148021,244],{"class":243},[39,148023,742],{"class":247},[39,148025,244],{"class":243},[39,148027,80],{"class":53},[20,148029,458],{},[30,148031,148032],{"className":32,"code":751,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148033,148034],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148035,148036,148038,148040,148042,148044],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148037,758],{"class":45},[39,148039,682],{"class":57},[39,148041,763],{"class":49},[39,148043,766],{"class":45},[39,148045,639],{"class":53},[134,148047,772],{"id":771},[20,148049,775],{},[147,148051,148052,148056,148060,148062],{},[150,148053,780,148054,783],{},[15,148055,17],{},[150,148057,148058,788],{},[15,148059,17],{},[150,148061,791],{},[150,148063,148064,796,148066,800],{},[15,148065,58],{},[15,148067,799],{},[20,148069,515],{},[30,148071,148072],{"className":32,"code":805,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148073,148074,148106,148110,148130,148154],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148075,148076,148078,148080,148082,148084,148086,148088,148090,148092,148094,148096,148098,148100,148102,148104],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148077,812],{"class":45},[39,148079,50],{"class":49},[39,148081,54],{"class":53},[39,148083,58],{"class":57},[39,148085,61],{"class":53},[39,148087,823],{"class":57},[39,148089,61],{"class":53},[39,148091,255],{"class":243},[39,148093,830],{"class":247},[39,148095,244],{"class":243},[39,148097,61],{"class":53},[39,148099,255],{"class":243},[39,148101,839],{"class":247},[39,148103,244],{"class":243},[39,148105,80],{"class":53},[39,148107,148108],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,148109,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,148111,148112,148114,148116,148118,148120,148122,148124,148126,148128],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,148113,113],{"class":112},[39,148115,101],{"class":53},[39,148117,856],{"class":97},[39,148119,94],{"class":53},[39,148121,98],{"class":97},[39,148123,101],{"class":53},[39,148125,58],{"class":57},[39,148127,303],{"class":53},[39,148129,869],{"class":124},[39,148131,148132,148134,148136,148138,148140,148142,148144,148146,148148,148150,148152],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,148133,113],{"class":112},[39,148135,101],{"class":53},[39,148137,856],{"class":97},[39,148139,94],{"class":53},[39,148141,98],{"class":97},[39,148143,101],{"class":53},[39,148145,244],{"class":243},[39,148147,830],{"class":247},[39,148149,244],{"class":243},[39,148151,303],{"class":53},[39,148153,894],{"class":124},[39,148155,148156,148158,148160,148162,148164,148166,148168,148170,148172,148174,148176],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,148157,113],{"class":112},[39,148159,101],{"class":53},[39,148161,856],{"class":97},[39,148163,94],{"class":53},[39,148165,98],{"class":97},[39,148167,101],{"class":53},[39,148169,244],{"class":243},[39,148171,839],{"class":247},[39,148173,244],{"class":243},[39,148175,303],{"class":53},[39,148177,894],{"class":124},[20,148179,922,148180,926,148182,929],{},[15,148181,925],{},[15,148183,104],{},[20,148185,932,148186,936,148188,940],{},[15,148187,935],{},[15,148189,939],{},[134,148191,944],{"id":943},[223,148193,948,148194,951],{"id":947},[15,148195,98],{},[20,148197,954],{},[30,148199,148200],{"className":32,"code":957,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148201,148202,148226],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148203,148204,148206,148208,148210,148212,148214,148216,148218,148220,148222,148224],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148205,46],{"class":45},[39,148207,50],{"class":49},[39,148209,54],{"class":53},[39,148211,58],{"class":57},[39,148213,61],{"class":53},[39,148215,64],{"class":57},[39,148217,61],{"class":53},[39,148219,64],{"class":57},[39,148221,61],{"class":53},[39,148223,73],{"class":57},[39,148225,80],{"class":53},[39,148227,148228,148230,148232,148234,148236,148238],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,148229,113],{"class":112},[39,148231,101],{"class":53},[39,148233,992],{"class":97},[39,148235,94],{"class":53},[39,148237,98],{"class":997},[39,148239,80],{"class":53},[20,148241,1002],{},[30,148243,148244],{"className":32,"code":1005,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148245,148246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148247,148248,148250,148252,148254,148256,148258,148260,148262],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148249,113],{"class":112},[39,148251,101],{"class":53},[39,148253,992],{"class":97},[39,148255,94],{"class":53},[39,148257,98],{"class":97},[39,148259,101],{"class":53},[39,148261,104],{"class":57},[39,148263,1026],{"class":53},[223,148265,1030,148266,1033,148268,177,148270],{"id":1029},[15,148267,17],{},[15,148269,939],{},[15,148271,1038],{},[20,148273,148274,1043],{},[15,148275,17],{},[30,148277,148278],{"className":32,"code":1046,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148279,148280,148312,148334,148338],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148281,148282,148284,148286,148288,148290,148292,148294,148296,148298,148300,148302,148304,148306,148308,148310],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148283,1053],{"class":45},[39,148285,50],{"class":49},[39,148287,54],{"class":53},[39,148289,244],{"class":243},[39,148291,173],{"class":247},[39,148293,244],{"class":243},[39,148295,61],{"class":53},[39,148297,255],{"class":243},[39,148299,1070],{"class":247},[39,148301,244],{"class":243},[39,148303,61],{"class":53},[39,148305,255],{"class":243},[39,148307,173],{"class":247},[39,148309,244],{"class":243},[39,148311,80],{"class":53},[39,148313,148314,148316,148318,148320,148322,148324,148326,148328,148330,148332],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,148315,86],{"class":45},[39,148317,50],{"class":49},[39,148319,1091],{"class":45},[39,148321,94],{"class":53},[39,148323,98],{"class":97},[39,148325,101],{"class":53},[39,148327,244],{"class":243},[39,148329,173],{"class":247},[39,148331,244],{"class":243},[39,148333,80],{"class":53},[39,148335,148336],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,148337,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,148339,148340,148342,148344,148346,148348],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,148341,113],{"class":112},[39,148343,101],{"class":53},[39,148345,118],{"class":97},[39,148347,121],{"class":53},[39,148349,1122],{"class":124},[20,148351,1125,148352,1129],{},[15,148353,1128],{},[30,148355,148356],{"className":32,"code":1132,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148357,148358],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148359,148360,148362,148364,148366,148368,148370,148372,148374,148376],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148361,113],{"class":112},[39,148363,101],{"class":53},[39,148365,244],{"class":243},[39,148367,173],{"class":247},[39,148369,244],{"class":243},[39,148371,1149],{"class":572},[39,148373,1091],{"class":97},[39,148375,121],{"class":53},[39,148377,1156],{"class":124},[223,148379,1160,148380,1163,148382],{"id":1159},[15,148381,24],{},[15,148383,1166],{},[20,148385,1169],{},[20,148387,1172],{},[223,148389,1176],{"id":1175},[20,148391,148392,1181],{},[15,148393,17],{},[30,148395,148396],{"className":32,"code":1184,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148397,148398,148430,148454],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148399,148400,148402,148404,148406,148408,148410,148412,148414,148416,148418,148420,148422,148424,148426,148428],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148401,1191],{"class":45},[39,148403,50],{"class":49},[39,148405,54],{"class":53},[39,148407,244],{"class":243},[39,148409,377],{"class":247},[39,148411,244],{"class":243},[39,148413,61],{"class":53},[39,148415,255],{"class":243},[39,148417,1208],{"class":247},[39,148419,244],{"class":243},[39,148421,61],{"class":53},[39,148423,255],{"class":243},[39,148425,377],{"class":247},[39,148427,244],{"class":243},[39,148429,80],{"class":53},[39,148431,148432,148434,148436,148438,148440,148442,148444,148446,148448,148450,148452],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,148433,113],{"class":112},[39,148435,101],{"class":53},[39,148437,1229],{"class":97},[39,148439,94],{"class":53},[39,148441,98],{"class":97},[39,148443,101],{"class":53},[39,148445,244],{"class":243},[39,148447,1240],{"class":247},[39,148449,244],{"class":243},[39,148451,303],{"class":53},[39,148453,1247],{"class":124},[39,148455,148456,148458,148460,148462,148464,148466,148468,148470,148472,148474,148476],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,148457,113],{"class":112},[39,148459,101],{"class":53},[39,148461,1229],{"class":97},[39,148463,94],{"class":53},[39,148465,98],{"class":97},[39,148467,101],{"class":53},[39,148469,244],{"class":243},[39,148471,377],{"class":247},[39,148473,244],{"class":243},[39,148475,303],{"class":53},[39,148477,1122],{"class":124},[20,148479,148480,1277,148482,94],{},[15,148481,1276],{},[15,148483,221],{},[134,148485,1283],{"id":1282},[20,148487,1286],{},[147,148489,148490,148494,148500,148504],{},[150,148491,128,148492,1293],{},[15,148493,1128],{},[150,148495,128,148496,1303],{},[173,148497,1299,148498],{"href":1298},[15,148499,1302],{},[150,148501,128,148502,1309],{},[15,148503,1308],{},[150,148505,1312],{},[20,148507,1315,148508,145],{},[15,148509,1128],{},[30,148511,148512],{"className":32,"code":1320,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148513,148514,148534,148538,148554],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148515,148516,148518,148520,148522,148524,148526,148528,148530,148532],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148517,46],{"class":45},[39,148519,50],{"class":49},[39,148521,54],{"class":53},[39,148523,1333],{"class":57},[39,148525,61],{"class":53},[39,148527,1338],{"class":57},[39,148529,61],{"class":53},[39,148531,1343],{"class":57},[39,148533,80],{"class":53},[39,148535,148536],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,148537,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,148539,148540,148542,148544,148546,148548,148550,148552],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,148541,113],{"class":112},[39,148543,101],{"class":53},[39,148545,1358],{"class":57},[39,148547,1149],{"class":572},[39,148549,91],{"class":97},[39,148551,121],{"class":53},[39,148553,1367],{"class":124},[39,148555,148556,148558,148560,148562,148564,148566,148568],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,148557,113],{"class":112},[39,148559,101],{"class":53},[39,148561,1376],{"class":57},[39,148563,1149],{"class":572},[39,148565,91],{"class":97},[39,148567,121],{"class":53},[39,148569,1385],{"class":124},[20,148571,1315,148572,145],{},[15,148573,1302],{},[30,148575,148576],{"className":32,"code":1392,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,148577,148578,148602],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148579,148580,148582,148584,148586,148588,148590,148592,148594,148596,148598,148600],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148581,46],{"class":45},[39,148583,50],{"class":49},[39,148585,54],{"class":53},[39,148587,1333],{"class":57},[39,148589,61],{"class":53},[39,148591,1338],{"class":57},[39,148593,61],{"class":53},[39,148595,1343],{"class":57},[39,148597,61],{"class":53},[39,148599,1338],{"class":57},[39,148601,80],{"class":53},[39,148603,148604,148606,148608,148610,148612,148614,148616,148618,148620],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,148605,113],{"class":112},[39,148607,101],{"class":53},[39,148609,992],{"class":97},[39,148611,94],{"class":53},[39,148613,1431],{"class":97},[39,148615,101],{"class":53},[39,148617,1358],{"class":57},[39,148619,303],{"class":53},[39,148621,894],{"class":124},[20,148623,148624,1444,148626,148628,1450],{},[15,148625,17],{},[1446,148627],{},[15,148629,1302],{},[134,148631,1454],{"id":1453},[223,148633,1458,148634,1461],{"id":1457},[15,148635,24],{},[20,148637,1464],{},[223,148639,1468,148640,1471],{"id":1467},[15,148641,24],{},[20,148643,1474],{},[223,148645,1478],{"id":1477},[20,148647,1481,148648,94],{},[15,148649,221],{},[223,148651,1487,148652,1490],{"id":1486},[15,148653,24],{},[20,148655,1493],{},[223,148657,1497,148658,796,148660,929],{"id":1496},[15,148659,24],{},[15,148661,1502],{},[20,148663,148664,1507,148666,1510],{},[15,148665,17],{},[15,148667,1302],{},[134,148669,1514],{"id":1513},[147,148671,148672,148676,148680,148686,148692],{},[150,148673,148674],{},[173,148675,176],{"href":175},[150,148677,148678],{},[173,148679,1525],{"href":180},[150,148681,148682],{},[173,148683,1530,148684,1533],{"href":1298},[15,148685,1302],{},[150,148687,148688],{},[173,148689,1539,148690],{"href":1538},[15,148691,1542],{},[150,148693,148694],{},[173,148695,1548],{"href":1547},[1550,148697,1552],{},{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":148699},[148700,148701,148704,148705,148706,148707,148708,148714,148715,148722],{"id":136,"depth":83,"text":1556},{"id":184,"depth":83,"text":185,"children":148702},[148703],{"id":225,"depth":109,"text":226},{"id":354,"depth":83,"text":355},{"id":482,"depth":83,"text":483},{"id":642,"depth":83,"text":643},{"id":771,"depth":83,"text":772},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":148709},[148710,148711,148712,148713],{"id":947,"depth":109,"text":1567},{"id":1029,"depth":109,"text":1569},{"id":1159,"depth":109,"text":1571},{"id":1175,"depth":109,"text":1176},{"id":1282,"depth":83,"text":1283},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":148716},[148717,148718,148719,148720,148721],{"id":1457,"depth":109,"text":1577},{"id":1467,"depth":109,"text":1579},{"id":1477,"depth":109,"text":1478},{"id":1486,"depth":109,"text":1582},{"id":1496,"depth":109,"text":1584},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},{},{"title":5,"description":1586},{"id":148726,"title":148727,"body":148728,"description":150415,"extension":1587,"meta":150416,"navigation":420,"path":150417,"seo":150418,"stem":150419,"__hash__":150420},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple.md","Python Tuple: Creating a Tuple",{"type":7,"value":148729,"toc":150378},[148730,148733,148736,148745,148747,148877,148879,148940,148946,148948,148968,148972,148975,148978,149013,149015,149036,149039,149078,149080,149105,149112,149116,149119,149156,149158,149181,149184,149187,149199,149205,149209,149212,149218,149259,149261,149284,149287,149328,149330,149357,149359,149376,149378,149395,149398,149402,149405,149407,149441,149443,149490,149494,149533,149537,149540,149597,149599,149640,149646,149652,149657,149659,149696,149698,149718,149720,149753,149755,149788,149791,149795,149828,149830,149855,149858,149860,149874,149881,149883,149886,149890,149893,149928,149931,149966,149970,149973,150012,150015,150054,150058,150060,150090,150093,150100,150102,150134,150137,150169,150172,150203,150205,150222,150226,150229,150293,150295,150299,150306,150310,150313,150317,150320,150324,150327,150332,150338,150340,150375],[10,148731,148727],{"id":148732},"python-tuple-creating-a-tuple",[20,148734,148735],{},"A tuple is a simple way to store multiple values in one object. This page shows how to create tuples in Python, including empty tuples, one-item tuples, and tuples made from other iterable values.",[20,148737,148738,148739,177,148743,94],{},"The focus here is only on tuple creation syntax. If you want a general introduction, see ",[173,148740,148742],{"href":148741},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python\u002F","what is a tuple in Python",[173,148744,176],{"href":175},[134,148746,1629],{"id":1628},[30,148748,148750],{"className":32,"code":148749,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nempty = ()\none_item = (5,)\nfrom_list = tuple([\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"])\n\nprint(numbers)\nprint(empty)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(from_list)\n",[15,148751,148752,148772,148781,148795,148831,148835,148845,148855,148866],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148753,148754,148756,148758,148760,148762,148764,148766,148768,148770],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148755,46],{"class":45},[39,148757,50],{"class":49},[39,148759,54],{"class":53},[39,148761,58],{"class":57},[39,148763,61],{"class":53},[39,148765,64],{"class":57},[39,148767,61],{"class":53},[39,148769,73],{"class":57},[39,148771,80],{"class":53},[39,148773,148774,148776,148778],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,148775,124438],{"class":45},[39,148777,50],{"class":49},[39,148779,148780],{"class":53}," ()\n",[39,148782,148783,148786,148788,148790,148792],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,148784,148785],{"class":45},"one_item ",[39,148787,50],{"class":49},[39,148789,54],{"class":53},[39,148791,1376],{"class":57},[39,148793,148794],{"class":53},",)\n",[39,148796,148797,148800,148802,148805,148807,148809,148811,148813,148815,148817,148819,148821,148823,148825,148827,148829],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,148798,148799],{"class":45},"from_list ",[39,148801,50],{"class":49},[39,148803,148804],{"class":2523}," tuple",[39,148806,2608],{"class":53},[39,148808,244],{"class":243},[39,148810,173],{"class":247},[39,148812,244],{"class":243},[39,148814,61],{"class":53},[39,148816,255],{"class":243},[39,148818,1070],{"class":247},[39,148820,244],{"class":243},[39,148822,61],{"class":53},[39,148824,255],{"class":243},[39,148826,9352],{"class":247},[39,148828,244],{"class":243},[39,148830,3513],{"class":53},[39,148832,148833],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,148834,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,148836,148837,148839,148841,148843],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,148838,113],{"class":112},[39,148840,101],{"class":53},[39,148842,992],{"class":97},[39,148844,80],{"class":53},[39,148846,148847,148849,148851,148853],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,148848,113],{"class":112},[39,148850,101],{"class":53},[39,148852,124489],{"class":97},[39,148854,80],{"class":53},[39,148856,148857,148859,148861,148864],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,148858,113],{"class":112},[39,148860,101],{"class":53},[39,148862,148863],{"class":97},"one_item",[39,148865,80],{"class":53},[39,148867,148868,148870,148872,148875],{"class":41,"line":6047},[39,148869,113],{"class":112},[39,148871,101],{"class":53},[39,148873,148874],{"class":97},"from_list",[39,148876,80],{"class":53},[20,148878,458],{},[30,148880,148882],{"className":32,"code":148881,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, 2, 3)\n()\n(5,)\n('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,148883,148884,148900,148904,148912],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148885,148886,148888,148890,148892,148894,148896,148898],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148887,101],{"class":53},[39,148889,58],{"class":57},[39,148891,61],{"class":53},[39,148893,64],{"class":57},[39,148895,61],{"class":53},[39,148897,73],{"class":57},[39,148899,80],{"class":53},[39,148901,148902],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,148903,8257],{"class":53},[39,148905,148906,148908,148910],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,148907,101],{"class":53},[39,148909,1376],{"class":57},[39,148911,148794],{"class":53},[39,148913,148914,148916,148918,148920,148922,148924,148926,148928,148930,148932,148934,148936,148938],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,148915,101],{"class":53},[39,148917,629],{"class":243},[39,148919,173],{"class":247},[39,148921,629],{"class":243},[39,148923,61],{"class":53},[39,148925,2920],{"class":243},[39,148927,1070],{"class":247},[39,148929,629],{"class":243},[39,148931,61],{"class":53},[39,148933,2920],{"class":243},[39,148935,9352],{"class":247},[39,148937,629],{"class":243},[39,148939,80],{"class":53},[20,148941,148942,148943,94],{},"Use parentheses for most tuples. For one item, add a trailing comma: ",[15,148944,148945],{},"(5,)",[134,148947,14774],{"id":14773},[147,148949,148950,148953,148956,148959,148962,148965],{},[150,148951,148952],{},"What a tuple is at a basic level",[150,148954,148955],{},"How to create tuples with literal syntax",[150,148957,148958],{},"How to create an empty tuple",[150,148960,148961],{},"How to create a tuple with one item",[150,148963,148964],{},"How to create a tuple from a list, string, or other iterable",[150,148966,148967],{},"When tuple creation is useful",[134,148969,148971],{"id":148970},"basic-tuple-creation","Basic tuple creation",[20,148973,148974],{},"A tuple is an ordered collection of values.",[20,148976,148977],{},"Tuples are usually written with parentheses, and items are separated by commas.",[30,148979,148981],{"className":32,"code":148980,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,148982,148983,149003],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,148984,148985,148987,148989,148991,148993,148995,148997,148999,149001],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,148986,46],{"class":45},[39,148988,50],{"class":49},[39,148990,54],{"class":53},[39,148992,58],{"class":57},[39,148994,61],{"class":53},[39,148996,64],{"class":57},[39,148998,61],{"class":53},[39,149000,73],{"class":57},[39,149002,80],{"class":53},[39,149004,149005,149007,149009,149011],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149006,113],{"class":112},[39,149008,101],{"class":53},[39,149010,992],{"class":97},[39,149012,80],{"class":53},[20,149014,458],{},[30,149016,149018],{"className":32,"code":149017,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149019,149020],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149021,149022,149024,149026,149028,149030,149032,149034],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149023,101],{"class":53},[39,149025,58],{"class":57},[39,149027,61],{"class":53},[39,149029,64],{"class":57},[39,149031,61],{"class":53},[39,149033,73],{"class":57},[39,149035,80],{"class":53},[20,149037,149038],{},"A tuple can also store different data types:",[30,149040,149042],{"className":32,"code":149041,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(data)\n",[15,149043,149044,149068],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149045,149046,149048,149050,149052,149054,149056,149058,149060,149062,149064,149066],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149047,8778],{"class":45},[39,149049,50],{"class":49},[39,149051,54],{"class":53},[39,149053,58],{"class":57},[39,149055,61],{"class":53},[39,149057,255],{"class":243},[39,149059,377],{"class":247},[39,149061,244],{"class":243},[39,149063,61],{"class":53},[39,149065,3541],{"class":3477},[39,149067,80],{"class":53},[39,149069,149070,149072,149074,149076],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149071,113],{"class":112},[39,149073,101],{"class":53},[39,149075,8817],{"class":97},[39,149077,80],{"class":53},[20,149079,458],{},[30,149081,149083],{"className":32,"code":149082,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, 'apple', True)\n",[15,149084,149085],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149086,149087,149089,149091,149093,149095,149097,149099,149101,149103],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149088,101],{"class":53},[39,149090,58],{"class":57},[39,149092,61],{"class":53},[39,149094,2920],{"class":243},[39,149096,377],{"class":247},[39,149098,629],{"class":243},[39,149100,61],{"class":53},[39,149102,3541],{"class":3477},[39,149104,80],{"class":53},[20,149106,149107,149108,94],{},"If you later want to get values out of a tuple by position, see ",[173,149109,149111],{"href":149110},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained\u002F","Python tuple indexing explained",[134,149113,149115],{"id":149114},"create-an-empty-tuple","Create an empty tuple",[20,149117,149118],{},"Use empty parentheses to create an empty tuple:",[30,149120,149122],{"className":32,"code":149121,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty = ()\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,149123,149124,149132,149142],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149125,149126,149128,149130],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149127,124438],{"class":45},[39,149129,50],{"class":49},[39,149131,148780],{"class":53},[39,149133,149134,149136,149138,149140],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149135,113],{"class":112},[39,149137,101],{"class":53},[39,149139,124489],{"class":97},[39,149141,80],{"class":53},[39,149143,149144,149146,149148,149150,149152,149154],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,149145,113],{"class":112},[39,149147,101],{"class":53},[39,149149,2845],{"class":2523},[39,149151,101],{"class":53},[39,149153,124489],{"class":97},[39,149155,1026],{"class":53},[20,149157,458],{},[30,149159,149161],{"className":32,"code":149160,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"()\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149162,149163,149167],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149164,149165],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149166,8257],{"class":53},[39,149168,149169,149171,149173,149175,149177,149179],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149170,2914],{"class":49},[39,149172,2917],{"class":1689},[39,149174,2920],{"class":243},[39,149176,48559],{"class":247},[39,149178,629],{"class":243},[39,149180,2927],{"class":49},[20,149182,149183],{},"An empty tuple can be useful as a starting value.",[20,149185,149186],{},"It is different from an empty list:",[147,149188,149189,149194],{},[150,149190,149191,149192],{},"Empty tuple: ",[15,149193,6982],{},[150,149195,149196,149197],{},"Empty list: ",[15,149198,3412],{},[20,149200,149201,149202,94],{},"If you want to compare tuple and list creation, see ",[173,149203,149204],{"href":56755},"Python list: creating a list",[134,149206,149208],{"id":149207},"create-a-tuple-with-one-item","Create a tuple with one item",[20,149210,149211],{},"This is a very common beginner mistake.",[20,149213,149214,149215,149217],{},"A single value inside parentheses is ",[3367,149216,4254],{}," automatically a tuple:",[30,149219,149221],{"className":32,"code":149220,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = (5)\nprint(value)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,149222,149223,149235,149245],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149224,149225,149227,149229,149231,149233],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149226,2070],{"class":45},[39,149228,50],{"class":49},[39,149230,54],{"class":53},[39,149232,1376],{"class":57},[39,149234,80],{"class":53},[39,149236,149237,149239,149241,149243],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149238,113],{"class":112},[39,149240,101],{"class":53},[39,149242,155],{"class":97},[39,149244,80],{"class":53},[39,149246,149247,149249,149251,149253,149255,149257],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,149248,113],{"class":112},[39,149250,101],{"class":53},[39,149252,2845],{"class":2523},[39,149254,101],{"class":53},[39,149256,155],{"class":97},[39,149258,1026],{"class":53},[20,149260,458],{},[30,149262,149264],{"className":32,"code":149263,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"5\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,149265,149266,149270],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149267,149268],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149269,2569],{"class":57},[39,149271,149272,149274,149276,149278,149280,149282],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149273,2914],{"class":49},[39,149275,2917],{"class":1689},[39,149277,2920],{"class":243},[39,149279,1813],{"class":247},[39,149281,629],{"class":243},[39,149283,2927],{"class":49},[20,149285,149286],{},"To create a tuple with one item, you must add a trailing comma:",[30,149288,149290],{"className":32,"code":149289,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"one_item = (5,)\nprint(one_item)\nprint(type(one_item))\n",[15,149291,149292,149304,149314],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149293,149294,149296,149298,149300,149302],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149295,148785],{"class":45},[39,149297,50],{"class":49},[39,149299,54],{"class":53},[39,149301,1376],{"class":57},[39,149303,148794],{"class":53},[39,149305,149306,149308,149310,149312],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149307,113],{"class":112},[39,149309,101],{"class":53},[39,149311,148863],{"class":97},[39,149313,80],{"class":53},[39,149315,149316,149318,149320,149322,149324,149326],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,149317,113],{"class":112},[39,149319,101],{"class":53},[39,149321,2845],{"class":2523},[39,149323,101],{"class":53},[39,149325,148863],{"class":97},[39,149327,1026],{"class":53},[20,149329,458],{},[30,149331,149333],{"className":32,"code":149332,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(5,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,149334,149335,149343],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149336,149337,149339,149341],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149338,101],{"class":53},[39,149340,1376],{"class":57},[39,149342,148794],{"class":53},[39,149344,149345,149347,149349,149351,149353,149355],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149346,2914],{"class":49},[39,149348,2917],{"class":1689},[39,149350,2920],{"class":243},[39,149352,48559],{"class":247},[39,149354,629],{"class":243},[39,149356,2927],{"class":49},[20,149358,16268],{},[30,149360,149362],{"className":32,"code":149361,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(\"apple\",)\n",[15,149363,149364],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149365,149366,149368,149370,149372,149374],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149367,101],{"class":53},[39,149369,244],{"class":243},[39,149371,377],{"class":247},[39,149373,244],{"class":243},[39,149375,148794],{"class":53},[20,149377,16256],{},[30,149379,149381],{"className":32,"code":149380,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(\"apple\")\n",[15,149382,149383],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149384,149385,149387,149389,149391,149393],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149386,101],{"class":53},[39,149388,244],{"class":243},[39,149390,377],{"class":247},[39,149392,244],{"class":243},[39,149394,80],{"class":53},[20,149396,149397],{},"The comma is what makes it a tuple.",[134,149399,149401],{"id":149400},"create-tuples-with-different-value-types","Create tuples with different value types",[20,149403,149404],{},"A tuple can contain many kinds of values.",[223,149406,56063],{"id":992},[30,149408,149409],{"className":32,"code":148980,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,149410,149411,149431],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149412,149413,149415,149417,149419,149421,149423,149425,149427,149429],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149414,46],{"class":45},[39,149416,50],{"class":49},[39,149418,54],{"class":53},[39,149420,58],{"class":57},[39,149422,61],{"class":53},[39,149424,64],{"class":57},[39,149426,61],{"class":53},[39,149428,73],{"class":57},[39,149430,80],{"class":53},[39,149432,149433,149435,149437,149439],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149434,113],{"class":112},[39,149436,101],{"class":53},[39,149438,992],{"class":97},[39,149440,80],{"class":53},[223,149442,56066],{"id":4926},[30,149444,149446],{"className":32,"code":149445,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors)\n",[15,149447,149448,149480],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149449,149450,149452,149454,149456,149458,149460,149462,149464,149466,149468,149470,149472,149474,149476,149478],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149451,236],{"class":45},[39,149453,50],{"class":49},[39,149455,54],{"class":53},[39,149457,244],{"class":243},[39,149459,248],{"class":247},[39,149461,244],{"class":243},[39,149463,61],{"class":53},[39,149465,255],{"class":243},[39,149467,275],{"class":247},[39,149469,244],{"class":243},[39,149471,61],{"class":53},[39,149473,255],{"class":243},[39,149475,258],{"class":247},[39,149477,244],{"class":243},[39,149479,80],{"class":53},[39,149481,149482,149484,149486,149488],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149483,113],{"class":112},[39,149485,101],{"class":53},[39,149487,288],{"class":97},[39,149489,80],{"class":53},[223,149491,149493],{"id":149492},"mixed-values","Mixed values",[30,149495,149497],{"className":32,"code":149496,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"mixed = (1, \"apple\", True)\nprint(mixed)\n",[15,149498,149499,149523],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149500,149501,149503,149505,149507,149509,149511,149513,149515,149517,149519,149521],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149502,59063],{"class":45},[39,149504,50],{"class":49},[39,149506,54],{"class":53},[39,149508,58],{"class":57},[39,149510,61],{"class":53},[39,149512,255],{"class":243},[39,149514,377],{"class":247},[39,149516,244],{"class":243},[39,149518,61],{"class":53},[39,149520,3541],{"class":3477},[39,149522,80],{"class":53},[39,149524,149525,149527,149529,149531],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149526,113],{"class":112},[39,149528,101],{"class":53},[39,149530,59116],{"class":97},[39,149532,80],{"class":53},[223,149534,149536],{"id":149535},"nested-values","Nested values",[20,149538,149539],{},"You can also put other collections inside a tuple:",[30,149541,149543],{"className":32,"code":149542,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"nested = (1, (\"a\", \"b\"), [10, 20])\nprint(nested)\n",[15,149544,149545,149586],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149546,149547,149550,149552,149554,149556,149558,149560,149562,149564,149566,149568,149570,149572,149574,149576,149578,149580,149582,149584],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149548,149549],{"class":45},"nested ",[39,149551,50],{"class":49},[39,149553,54],{"class":53},[39,149555,58],{"class":57},[39,149557,61],{"class":53},[39,149559,54],{"class":53},[39,149561,244],{"class":243},[39,149563,173],{"class":247},[39,149565,244],{"class":243},[39,149567,61],{"class":53},[39,149569,255],{"class":243},[39,149571,1070],{"class":247},[39,149573,244],{"class":243},[39,149575,8846],{"class":53},[39,149577,3249],{"class":53},[39,149579,682],{"class":57},[39,149581,61],{"class":53},[39,149583,687],{"class":57},[39,149585,3513],{"class":53},[39,149587,149588,149590,149592,149595],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149589,113],{"class":112},[39,149591,101],{"class":53},[39,149593,149594],{"class":97},"nested",[39,149596,80],{"class":53},[20,149598,458],{},[30,149600,149602],{"className":32,"code":149601,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, ('a', 'b'), [10, 20])\n",[15,149603,149604],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149605,149606,149608,149610,149612,149614,149616,149618,149620,149622,149624,149626,149628,149630,149632,149634,149636,149638],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149607,101],{"class":53},[39,149609,58],{"class":57},[39,149611,61],{"class":53},[39,149613,54],{"class":53},[39,149615,629],{"class":243},[39,149617,173],{"class":247},[39,149619,629],{"class":243},[39,149621,61],{"class":53},[39,149623,2920],{"class":243},[39,149625,1070],{"class":247},[39,149627,629],{"class":243},[39,149629,8846],{"class":53},[39,149631,3249],{"class":53},[39,149633,682],{"class":57},[39,149635,61],{"class":53},[39,149637,687],{"class":57},[39,149639,3513],{"class":53},[134,149641,149643,149644],{"id":149642},"create-a-tuple-with-tuple","Create a tuple with ",[15,149645,37657],{},[20,149647,149648,149649,149651],{},"You can use the built-in ",[15,149650,37657],{}," function to convert another iterable into a tuple.",[20,149653,149654,149655,94],{},"If you want more detail about this function, see ",[173,149656,62809],{"href":62808},[223,149658,104835],{"id":104834},[30,149660,149662],{"className":32,"code":149661,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = tuple([1, 2, 3])\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,149663,149664,149686],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149665,149666,149668,149670,149672,149674,149676,149678,149680,149682,149684],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149667,46],{"class":45},[39,149669,50],{"class":49},[39,149671,148804],{"class":2523},[39,149673,2608],{"class":53},[39,149675,58],{"class":57},[39,149677,61],{"class":53},[39,149679,64],{"class":57},[39,149681,61],{"class":53},[39,149683,73],{"class":57},[39,149685,3513],{"class":53},[39,149687,149688,149690,149692,149694],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149689,113],{"class":112},[39,149691,101],{"class":53},[39,149693,992],{"class":97},[39,149695,80],{"class":53},[20,149697,458],{},[30,149699,149700],{"className":32,"code":149017,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,149701,149702],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149703,149704,149706,149708,149710,149712,149714,149716],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149705,101],{"class":53},[39,149707,58],{"class":57},[39,149709,61],{"class":53},[39,149711,64],{"class":57},[39,149713,61],{"class":53},[39,149715,73],{"class":57},[39,149717,80],{"class":53},[223,149719,105021],{"id":105020},[30,149721,149723],{"className":32,"code":149722,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = tuple(\"abc\")\nprint(letters)\n",[15,149724,149725,149743],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149726,149727,149729,149731,149733,149735,149737,149739,149741],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149728,1053],{"class":45},[39,149730,50],{"class":49},[39,149732,148804],{"class":2523},[39,149734,101],{"class":53},[39,149736,244],{"class":243},[39,149738,41169],{"class":247},[39,149740,244],{"class":243},[39,149742,80],{"class":53},[39,149744,149745,149747,149749,149751],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149746,113],{"class":112},[39,149748,101],{"class":53},[39,149750,35757],{"class":97},[39,149752,80],{"class":53},[20,149754,458],{},[30,149756,149758],{"className":32,"code":149757,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('a', 'b', 'c')\n",[15,149759,149760],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149761,149762,149764,149766,149768,149770,149772,149774,149776,149778,149780,149782,149784,149786],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149763,101],{"class":53},[39,149765,629],{"class":243},[39,149767,173],{"class":247},[39,149769,629],{"class":243},[39,149771,61],{"class":53},[39,149773,2920],{"class":243},[39,149775,1070],{"class":247},[39,149777,629],{"class":243},[39,149779,61],{"class":53},[39,149781,2920],{"class":243},[39,149783,9352],{"class":247},[39,149785,629],{"class":243},[39,149787,80],{"class":53},[20,149789,149790],{},"This works because a string is iterable, so Python goes through it one character at a time.",[223,149792,149794],{"id":149793},"from-another-iterable","From another iterable",[30,149796,149798],{"className":32,"code":149797,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = tuple(range(4))\nprint(values)\n",[15,149799,149800,149818],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149801,149802,149804,149806,149808,149810,149812,149814,149816],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149803,812],{"class":45},[39,149805,50],{"class":49},[39,149807,148804],{"class":2523},[39,149809,101],{"class":53},[39,149811,59589],{"class":112},[39,149813,101],{"class":53},[39,149815,1333],{"class":57},[39,149817,1026],{"class":53},[39,149819,149820,149822,149824,149826],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149821,113],{"class":112},[39,149823,101],{"class":53},[39,149825,856],{"class":97},[39,149827,80],{"class":53},[20,149829,458],{},[30,149831,149833],{"className":32,"code":149832,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(0, 1, 2, 3)\n",[15,149834,149835],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149836,149837,149839,149841,149843,149845,149847,149849,149851,149853],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149838,101],{"class":53},[39,149840,221],{"class":57},[39,149842,61],{"class":53},[39,149844,595],{"class":57},[39,149846,61],{"class":53},[39,149848,64],{"class":57},[39,149850,61],{"class":53},[39,149852,73],{"class":57},[39,149854,80],{"class":53},[20,149856,149857],{},"This is useful when your data already exists in another form and you want a tuple version of it.",[134,149859,20413],{"id":20412},[147,149861,149862,149865,149868,149871],{},[150,149863,149864],{},"Commas create tuple items.",[150,149866,149867],{},"Parentheses help readability, but the commas matter most.",[150,149869,149870],{},"Tuples cannot be changed after creation.",[150,149872,149873],{},"If you need to change items often, use a list instead.",[20,149875,149876,149877,94],{},"For a bigger comparison, see ",[173,149878,149880],{"href":149879},"\u002Flearn\u002Fwhen-to-use-lists-vs-tuples-vs-sets-vs-dictionaries\u002F","when to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[134,149882,944],{"id":943},[20,149884,149885],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into when creating tuples.",[223,149887,149889],{"id":149888},"forgetting-the-comma-in-a-one-item-tuple","Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple",[20,149891,149892],{},"This creates a normal value, not a tuple:",[30,149894,149896],{"className":32,"code":149895,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"item = (\"apple\")\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149897,149898,149914],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149899,149900,149902,149904,149906,149908,149910,149912],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149901,28150],{"class":45},[39,149903,50],{"class":49},[39,149905,54],{"class":53},[39,149907,244],{"class":243},[39,149909,377],{"class":247},[39,149911,244],{"class":243},[39,149913,80],{"class":53},[39,149915,149916,149918,149920,149922,149924,149926],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149917,113],{"class":112},[39,149919,101],{"class":53},[39,149921,2845],{"class":2523},[39,149923,101],{"class":53},[39,149925,22922],{"class":97},[39,149927,1026],{"class":53},[20,149929,149930],{},"To fix it, add a comma:",[30,149932,149934],{"className":32,"code":149933,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"item = (\"apple\",)\nprint(type(item))\n",[15,149935,149936,149952],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149937,149938,149940,149942,149944,149946,149948,149950],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149939,28150],{"class":45},[39,149941,50],{"class":49},[39,149943,54],{"class":53},[39,149945,244],{"class":243},[39,149947,377],{"class":247},[39,149949,244],{"class":243},[39,149951,148794],{"class":53},[39,149953,149954,149956,149958,149960,149962,149964],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,149955,113],{"class":112},[39,149957,101],{"class":53},[39,149959,2845],{"class":2523},[39,149961,101],{"class":53},[39,149963,22922],{"class":97},[39,149965,1026],{"class":53},[223,149967,149969],{"id":149968},"using-square-brackets-by-mistake","Using square brackets by mistake",[20,149971,149972],{},"This creates a list, not a tuple:",[30,149974,149976],{"className":32,"code":149975,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = [1, 2, 3]\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,149977,149978,149998],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,149979,149980,149982,149984,149986,149988,149990,149992,149994,149996],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,149981,812],{"class":45},[39,149983,50],{"class":49},[39,149985,3249],{"class":53},[39,149987,58],{"class":57},[39,149989,61],{"class":53},[39,149991,64],{"class":57},[39,149993,61],{"class":53},[39,149995,73],{"class":57},[39,149997,3262],{"class":53},[39,149999,150000,150002,150004,150006,150008,150010],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150001,113],{"class":112},[39,150003,101],{"class":53},[39,150005,2845],{"class":2523},[39,150007,101],{"class":53},[39,150009,856],{"class":97},[39,150011,1026],{"class":53},[20,150013,150014],{},"If you want a tuple, use parentheses:",[30,150016,150018],{"className":32,"code":150017,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(type(values))\n",[15,150019,150020,150040],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150021,150022,150024,150026,150028,150030,150032,150034,150036,150038],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150023,812],{"class":45},[39,150025,50],{"class":49},[39,150027,54],{"class":53},[39,150029,58],{"class":57},[39,150031,61],{"class":53},[39,150033,64],{"class":57},[39,150035,61],{"class":53},[39,150037,73],{"class":57},[39,150039,80],{"class":53},[39,150041,150042,150044,150046,150048,150050,150052],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150043,113],{"class":112},[39,150045,101],{"class":53},[39,150047,2845],{"class":2523},[39,150049,101],{"class":53},[39,150051,856],{"class":97},[39,150053,1026],{"class":53},[223,150055,150057],{"id":150056},"expecting-tuple-items-to-be-changeable","Expecting tuple items to be changeable",[20,150059,149870],{},[30,150061,150063],{"className":32,"code":150062,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (1, 2, 3)\n# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[15,150064,150065,150085],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150066,150067,150069,150071,150073,150075,150077,150079,150081,150083],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150068,46],{"class":45},[39,150070,50],{"class":49},[39,150072,54],{"class":53},[39,150074,58],{"class":57},[39,150076,61],{"class":53},[39,150078,64],{"class":57},[39,150080,61],{"class":53},[39,150082,73],{"class":57},[39,150084,80],{"class":53},[39,150086,150087],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150088,150089],{"class":124},"# numbers[0] = 10  # This would cause an error\n",[20,150091,150092],{},"If you need to update items, use a list instead.",[223,150094,1160,150096,150099],{"id":150095},"confusing-tupleabc-with-one-string-inside-a-tuple",[15,150097,150098],{},"tuple(\"abc\")"," with one string inside a tuple",[20,150101,64235],{},[30,150103,150104],{"className":32,"code":149722,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,150105,150106,150124],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150107,150108,150110,150112,150114,150116,150118,150120,150122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150109,1053],{"class":45},[39,150111,50],{"class":49},[39,150113,148804],{"class":2523},[39,150115,101],{"class":53},[39,150117,244],{"class":243},[39,150119,41169],{"class":247},[39,150121,244],{"class":243},[39,150123,80],{"class":53},[39,150125,150126,150128,150130,150132],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150127,113],{"class":112},[39,150129,101],{"class":53},[39,150131,35757],{"class":97},[39,150133,80],{"class":53},[20,150135,150136],{},"gives:",[30,150138,150139],{"className":32,"code":149757,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,150140,150141],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150142,150143,150145,150147,150149,150151,150153,150155,150157,150159,150161,150163,150165,150167],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150144,101],{"class":53},[39,150146,629],{"class":243},[39,150148,173],{"class":247},[39,150150,629],{"class":243},[39,150152,61],{"class":53},[39,150154,2920],{"class":243},[39,150156,1070],{"class":247},[39,150158,629],{"class":243},[39,150160,61],{"class":53},[39,150162,2920],{"class":243},[39,150164,9352],{"class":247},[39,150166,629],{"class":243},[39,150168,80],{"class":53},[20,150170,150171],{},"If you want one string as a single tuple item, write:",[30,150173,150175],{"className":32,"code":150174,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"word = (\"abc\",)\nprint(word)\n",[15,150176,150177,150193],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150178,150179,150181,150183,150185,150187,150189,150191],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150180,5769],{"class":45},[39,150182,50],{"class":49},[39,150184,54],{"class":53},[39,150186,244],{"class":243},[39,150188,41169],{"class":247},[39,150190,244],{"class":243},[39,150192,148794],{"class":53},[39,150194,150195,150197,150199,150201],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150196,113],{"class":112},[39,150198,101],{"class":53},[39,150200,38002],{"class":97},[39,150202,80],{"class":53},[20,150204,458],{},[30,150206,150208],{"className":32,"code":150207,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('abc',)\n",[15,150209,150210],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150211,150212,150214,150216,150218,150220],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150213,101],{"class":53},[39,150215,629],{"class":243},[39,150217,41169],{"class":247},[39,150219,629],{"class":243},[39,150221,148794],{"class":53},[223,150223,150225],{"id":150224},"simple-debugging-checks","Simple debugging checks",[20,150227,150228],{},"If you are not sure what you created, these checks help:",[30,150230,150232],{"className":32,"code":150231,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_tuple = (\"apple\",)\n\nprint(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,150233,150234,150251,150255,150265,150279],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150235,150236,150239,150241,150243,150245,150247,150249],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150237,150238],{"class":45},"my_tuple ",[39,150240,50],{"class":49},[39,150242,54],{"class":53},[39,150244,244],{"class":243},[39,150246,377],{"class":247},[39,150248,244],{"class":243},[39,150250,148794],{"class":53},[39,150252,150253],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150254,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,150256,150257,150259,150261,150263],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,150258,113],{"class":112},[39,150260,101],{"class":53},[39,150262,195],{"class":97},[39,150264,80],{"class":53},[39,150266,150267,150269,150271,150273,150275,150277],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,150268,113],{"class":112},[39,150270,101],{"class":53},[39,150272,2845],{"class":2523},[39,150274,101],{"class":53},[39,150276,195],{"class":97},[39,150278,1026],{"class":53},[39,150280,150281,150283,150285,150287,150289,150291],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,150282,113],{"class":112},[39,150284,101],{"class":53},[39,150286,10775],{"class":112},[39,150288,101],{"class":53},[39,150290,195],{"class":97},[39,150292,1026],{"class":53},[134,150294,1454],{"id":1453},[223,150296,150298],{"id":150297},"how-do-i-create-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I create a tuple with one item?",[20,150300,150301,150302,150305],{},"Add a trailing comma, like ",[15,150303,150304],{},"(\"apple\",)",". Without the comma, Python treats it as a normal value.",[223,150307,150309],{"id":150308},"do-tuples-always-need-parentheses","Do tuples always need parentheses?",[20,150311,150312],{},"Parentheses are common and clearer for beginners, but commas are what make a tuple.",[223,150314,150316],{"id":150315},"can-a-tuple-contain-different-data-types","Can a tuple contain different data types?",[20,150318,150319],{},"Yes. A tuple can contain numbers, strings, booleans, and other objects.",[223,150321,150323],{"id":150322},"what-is-the-difference-between-a-tuple-and-a-list","What is the difference between a tuple and a list?",[20,150325,150326],{},"A tuple cannot be changed after creation. A list can be changed.",[223,150328,1458,150330,12327],{"id":150329},"what-does-tupleabc-return",[15,150331,150098],{},[20,150333,4768,150334,150337],{},[15,150335,150336],{},"('a', 'b', 'c')"," because the string is treated as an iterable of characters.",[134,150339,1514],{"id":1513},[147,150341,150342,150346,150350,150356,150361,150366,150370],{},[150,150343,150344],{},[173,150345,176],{"href":175},[150,150347,150348],{},[173,150349,149111],{"href":149110},[150,150351,150352],{},[173,150353,150355],{"href":150354},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained\u002F","Python tuple slicing explained",[150,150357,150358],{},[173,150359,150360],{"href":1538},"Python tuple length with len()",[150,150362,150363],{},[173,150364,150365],{"href":148741},"What is a tuple in Python?",[150,150367,150368],{},[173,150369,62809],{"href":62808},[150,150371,150372],{},[173,150373,150374],{"href":149879},"When to use lists vs tuples vs sets vs dictionaries",[1550,150376,150377],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":150379},[150380,150381,150382,150383,150384,150385,150391,150397,150398,150406,150414],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":14773,"depth":83,"text":14774},{"id":148970,"depth":83,"text":148971},{"id":149114,"depth":83,"text":149115},{"id":149207,"depth":83,"text":149208},{"id":149400,"depth":83,"text":149401,"children":150386},[150387,150388,150389,150390],{"id":992,"depth":109,"text":56063},{"id":4926,"depth":109,"text":56066},{"id":149492,"depth":109,"text":149493},{"id":149535,"depth":109,"text":149536},{"id":149642,"depth":83,"text":150392,"children":150393},"Create a tuple with tuple()",[150394,150395,150396],{"id":104834,"depth":109,"text":104835},{"id":105020,"depth":109,"text":105021},{"id":149793,"depth":109,"text":149794},{"id":20412,"depth":83,"text":20413},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":150399},[150400,150401,150402,150403,150405],{"id":149888,"depth":109,"text":149889},{"id":149968,"depth":109,"text":149969},{"id":150056,"depth":109,"text":150057},{"id":150095,"depth":109,"text":150404},"Confusing tuple(\"abc\") with one string inside a tuple",{"id":150224,"depth":109,"text":150225},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":150407},[150408,150409,150410,150411,150412],{"id":150297,"depth":109,"text":150298},{"id":150308,"depth":109,"text":150309},{"id":150315,"depth":109,"text":150316},{"id":150322,"depth":109,"text":150323},{"id":150329,"depth":109,"text":150413},"What does tuple(\"abc\") return?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python tuple creating a tuple in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple",{"title":148727,"description":150415},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-creating-a-tuple","SQWI2ojc9mwi8pBVXbAE-y8OnaS1gj7HNiNhaF1JyuA",{"id":150422,"title":150423,"body":150424,"description":151969,"extension":1587,"meta":151970,"navigation":420,"path":151971,"seo":151972,"stem":151973,"__hash__":151974},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained.md","Python tuple() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":150425,"toc":151939},[150426,150429,150434,150436,150449,150455,150457,150524,150526,150561,150566,150570,150574,150576,150587,150595,150597,150599,150620,150622,150642,150645,150647,150652,150695,150697,150719,150722,150735,150739,150743,150746,150799,150801,150822,150827,150831,150834,150879,150881,150914,150926,150930,150938,150975,150977,151006,151010,151013,151066,151068,151088,151095,151099,151104,151173,151175,151200,151204,151207,151213,151290,151292,151351,151353,151365,151370,151374,151378,151392,151394,151429,151431,151448,151451,151464,151468,151472,151483,151488,151503,151506,151509,151511,151514,151518,151520,151534,151536,151560,151565,151569,151572,151591,151594,151643,151648,151665,151668,151701,151705,151707,151758,151761,151786,151789,151812,151816,151822,151824,151859,151862,151867,151869,151873,151876,151880,151885,151889,151892,151896,151899,151903,151908,151910,151936],[10,150427,150423],{"id":150428},"python-tuple-function-explained",[20,150430,8735,150431,150433],{},[15,150432,37657],{}," function creates a tuple in Python.",[20,150435,82179],{},[147,150437,150438,150443],{},[150,150439,150440,150442],{},[15,150441,37657],{}," creates an empty tuple",[150,150444,150445,150448],{},[15,150446,150447],{},"tuple(iterable)"," converts an iterable into a tuple",[20,150450,150451,150452,150454],{},"This is useful when you want a fixed, immutable sequence of values. Beginners often use ",[15,150453,37657],{}," to convert a list, string, range, or other iterable into a tuple.",[134,150456,1629],{"id":1628},[30,150458,150460],{"className":32,"code":150459,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,150461,150462,150482,150496,150500,150510],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150463,150464,150466,150468,150470,150472,150474,150476,150478,150480],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150465,46],{"class":45},[39,150467,50],{"class":49},[39,150469,3249],{"class":53},[39,150471,58],{"class":57},[39,150473,61],{"class":53},[39,150475,64],{"class":57},[39,150477,61],{"class":53},[39,150479,73],{"class":57},[39,150481,3262],{"class":53},[39,150483,150484,150486,150488,150490,150492,150494],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150485,86],{"class":45},[39,150487,50],{"class":49},[39,150489,148804],{"class":2523},[39,150491,101],{"class":53},[39,150493,992],{"class":97},[39,150495,80],{"class":53},[39,150497,150498],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,150499,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,150501,150502,150504,150506,150508],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,150503,113],{"class":112},[39,150505,101],{"class":53},[39,150507,118],{"class":97},[39,150509,80],{"class":53},[39,150511,150512,150514,150516,150518,150520,150522],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,150513,113],{"class":112},[39,150515,101],{"class":53},[39,150517,2845],{"class":2523},[39,150519,101],{"class":53},[39,150521,118],{"class":97},[39,150523,1026],{"class":53},[20,150525,458],{},[30,150527,150529],{"className":32,"code":150528,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(1, 2, 3)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,150530,150531,150547],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150532,150533,150535,150537,150539,150541,150543,150545],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150534,101],{"class":53},[39,150536,58],{"class":57},[39,150538,61],{"class":53},[39,150540,64],{"class":57},[39,150542,61],{"class":53},[39,150544,73],{"class":57},[39,150546,80],{"class":53},[39,150548,150549,150551,150553,150555,150557,150559],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150550,2914],{"class":49},[39,150552,2917],{"class":1689},[39,150554,2920],{"class":243},[39,150556,48559],{"class":247},[39,150558,629],{"class":243},[39,150560,2927],{"class":49},[20,150562,128,150563,150565],{},[15,150564,150447],{}," to convert an iterable like a list, string, or range into a tuple.",[134,150567,150569],{"id":150568},"what-tuple-does","What tuple() does",[20,150571,150572,62517],{},[15,150573,37657],{},[20,150575,48533],{},[147,150577,150578,150581,150584],{},[150,150579,150580],{},"creates a tuple object",[150,150582,150583],{},"can make an empty tuple with no arguments",[150,150585,150586],{},"can convert another iterable into a tuple",[20,150588,150589,150590,150592,150593,94],{},"If you are new to tuples, see ",[173,150591,148742],{"href":148741}," or the full guide to ",[173,150594,176],{"href":175},[134,150596,1781],{"id":1780},[20,150598,26099],{},[30,150600,150602],{"className":32,"code":150601,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple()\ntuple(iterable)\n",[15,150603,150604,150610],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150605,150606,150608],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150607,48559],{"class":2523},[39,150609,8257],{"class":53},[39,150611,150612,150614,150616,150618],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150613,48559],{"class":2523},[39,150615,101],{"class":53},[39,150617,3344],{"class":97},[39,150619,80],{"class":53},[20,150621,11071],{},[147,150623,150624,150627],{},[150,150625,150626],{},"The argument must be an iterable",[150,150628,150629,150630],{},"Common iterables include:\n",[147,150631,150632,150634,150636,150638,150640],{},[150,150633,4917],{},[150,150635,4926],{},[150,150637,62588],{},[150,150639,4923],{},[150,150641,6867],{},[20,150643,150644],{},"An iterable is a value Python can go through one item at a time.",[134,150646,149115],{"id":149114},[20,150648,29262,150649,150651],{},[15,150650,37657],{}," with no argument returns an empty tuple.",[30,150653,150655],{"className":32,"code":150654,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty = tuple()\n\nprint(empty)\nprint(type(empty))\n",[15,150656,150657,150667,150671,150681],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150658,150659,150661,150663,150665],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150660,124438],{"class":45},[39,150662,50],{"class":49},[39,150664,148804],{"class":2523},[39,150666,8257],{"class":53},[39,150668,150669],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150670,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,150672,150673,150675,150677,150679],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,150674,113],{"class":112},[39,150676,101],{"class":53},[39,150678,124489],{"class":97},[39,150680,80],{"class":53},[39,150682,150683,150685,150687,150689,150691,150693],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,150684,113],{"class":112},[39,150686,101],{"class":53},[39,150688,2845],{"class":2523},[39,150690,101],{"class":53},[39,150692,124489],{"class":97},[39,150694,1026],{"class":53},[20,150696,458],{},[30,150698,150699],{"className":32,"code":149160,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,150700,150701,150705],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150702,150703],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150704,8257],{"class":53},[39,150706,150707,150709,150711,150713,150715,150717],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150708,2914],{"class":49},[39,150710,2917],{"class":1689},[39,150712,2920],{"class":243},[39,150714,48559],{"class":247},[39,150716,629],{"class":243},[39,150718,2927],{"class":49},[20,150720,150721],{},"This is equivalent to:",[30,150723,150725],{"className":32,"code":150724,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty = ()\n",[15,150726,150727],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150728,150729,150731,150733],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150730,124438],{"class":45},[39,150732,50],{"class":49},[39,150734,148780],{"class":53},[134,150736,150738],{"id":150737},"convert-common-iterables-to-a-tuple","Convert common iterables to a tuple",[223,150740,150742],{"id":150741},"list-to-tuple","List to tuple",[20,150744,150745],{},"A list keeps its item order when converted to a tuple.",[30,150747,150749],{"className":32,"code":150748,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [10, 20, 30]\nresult = tuple(numbers)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150750,150751,150771,150785,150789],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150752,150753,150755,150757,150759,150761,150763,150765,150767,150769],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150754,46],{"class":45},[39,150756,50],{"class":49},[39,150758,3249],{"class":53},[39,150760,682],{"class":57},[39,150762,61],{"class":53},[39,150764,687],{"class":57},[39,150766,61],{"class":53},[39,150768,697],{"class":57},[39,150770,3262],{"class":53},[39,150772,150773,150775,150777,150779,150781,150783],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150774,86],{"class":45},[39,150776,50],{"class":49},[39,150778,148804],{"class":2523},[39,150780,101],{"class":53},[39,150782,992],{"class":97},[39,150784,80],{"class":53},[39,150786,150787],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,150788,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,150790,150791,150793,150795,150797],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,150792,113],{"class":112},[39,150794,101],{"class":53},[39,150796,118],{"class":97},[39,150798,80],{"class":53},[20,150800,458],{},[30,150802,150804],{"className":32,"code":150803,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(10, 20, 30)\n",[15,150805,150806],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150807,150808,150810,150812,150814,150816,150818,150820],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150809,101],{"class":53},[39,150811,682],{"class":57},[39,150813,61],{"class":53},[39,150815,687],{"class":57},[39,150817,61],{"class":53},[39,150819,697],{"class":57},[39,150821,80],{"class":53},[20,150823,150824,150825,94],{},"If you need a changeable sequence instead, see the ",[173,150826,104640],{"href":59646},[223,150828,150830],{"id":150829},"string-to-tuple","String to tuple",[20,150832,150833],{},"A string is iterable, so each character becomes a separate item.",[30,150835,150837],{"className":32,"code":150836,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"cat\"\nresult = tuple(text)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150838,150839,150851,150865,150869],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150840,150841,150843,150845,150847,150849],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150842,34302],{"class":45},[39,150844,50],{"class":49},[39,150846,255],{"class":243},[39,150848,839],{"class":247},[39,150850,2983],{"class":243},[39,150852,150853,150855,150857,150859,150861,150863],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150854,86],{"class":45},[39,150856,50],{"class":49},[39,150858,148804],{"class":2523},[39,150860,101],{"class":53},[39,150862,34323],{"class":97},[39,150864,80],{"class":53},[39,150866,150867],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,150868,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,150870,150871,150873,150875,150877],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,150872,113],{"class":112},[39,150874,101],{"class":53},[39,150876,118],{"class":97},[39,150878,80],{"class":53},[20,150880,458],{},[30,150882,150884],{"className":32,"code":150883,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('c', 'a', 't')\n",[15,150885,150886],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150887,150888,150890,150892,150894,150896,150898,150900,150902,150904,150906,150908,150910,150912],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150889,101],{"class":53},[39,150891,629],{"class":243},[39,150893,9352],{"class":247},[39,150895,629],{"class":243},[39,150897,61],{"class":53},[39,150899,2920],{"class":243},[39,150901,173],{"class":247},[39,150903,629],{"class":243},[39,150905,61],{"class":53},[39,150907,2920],{"class":243},[39,150909,62878],{"class":247},[39,150911,629],{"class":243},[39,150913,80],{"class":53},[20,150915,150916,150917,13664,150920,150922,150923,94],{},"This often surprises beginners. ",[15,150918,150919],{},"tuple(\"cat\")",[3367,150921,4254],{}," create ",[15,150924,150925],{},"('cat',)",[223,150927,150929],{"id":150928},"range-to-tuple","Range to tuple",[20,150931,150932,150934,150935,150937],{},[15,150933,35812],{}," produces values one at a time, and ",[15,150936,37657],{}," collects them all.",[30,150939,150941],{"className":32,"code":150940,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"result = tuple(range(5))\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,150942,150943,150961,150965],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150944,150945,150947,150949,150951,150953,150955,150957,150959],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150946,86],{"class":45},[39,150948,50],{"class":49},[39,150950,148804],{"class":2523},[39,150952,101],{"class":53},[39,150954,59589],{"class":112},[39,150956,101],{"class":53},[39,150958,1376],{"class":57},[39,150960,1026],{"class":53},[39,150962,150963],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,150964,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,150966,150967,150969,150971,150973],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,150968,113],{"class":112},[39,150970,101],{"class":53},[39,150972,118],{"class":97},[39,150974,80],{"class":53},[20,150976,458],{},[30,150978,150980],{"className":32,"code":150979,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(0, 1, 2, 3, 4)\n",[15,150981,150982],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,150983,150984,150986,150988,150990,150992,150994,150996,150998,151000,151002,151004],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,150985,101],{"class":53},[39,150987,221],{"class":57},[39,150989,61],{"class":53},[39,150991,595],{"class":57},[39,150993,61],{"class":53},[39,150995,64],{"class":57},[39,150997,61],{"class":53},[39,150999,73],{"class":57},[39,151001,61],{"class":53},[39,151003,2080],{"class":57},[39,151005,80],{"class":53},[223,151007,151009],{"id":151008},"set-to-tuple","Set to tuple",[20,151011,151012],{},"A set can also be converted to a tuple.",[30,151014,151016],{"className":32,"code":151015,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = {1, 2, 3}\nresult = tuple(values)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151017,151018,151038,151052,151056],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151019,151020,151022,151024,151026,151028,151030,151032,151034,151036],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151021,812],{"class":45},[39,151023,50],{"class":49},[39,151025,10103],{"class":53},[39,151027,58],{"class":57},[39,151029,61],{"class":53},[39,151031,64],{"class":57},[39,151033,61],{"class":53},[39,151035,73],{"class":57},[39,151037,8921],{"class":53},[39,151039,151040,151042,151044,151046,151048,151050],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,151041,86],{"class":45},[39,151043,50],{"class":49},[39,151045,148804],{"class":2523},[39,151047,101],{"class":53},[39,151049,856],{"class":97},[39,151051,80],{"class":53},[39,151053,151054],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,151055,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,151057,151058,151060,151062,151064],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,151059,113],{"class":112},[39,151061,101],{"class":53},[39,151063,118],{"class":97},[39,151065,80],{"class":53},[20,151067,458],{},[30,151069,151070],{"className":32,"code":149017,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,151071,151072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151073,151074,151076,151078,151080,151082,151084,151086],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151075,101],{"class":53},[39,151077,58],{"class":57},[39,151079,61],{"class":53},[39,151081,64],{"class":57},[39,151083,61],{"class":53},[39,151085,73],{"class":57},[39,151087,80],{"class":53},[20,151089,151090,151091,94],{},"The order may not be predictable, because sets do not store items in a fixed order. If you want to understand sets better, see the ",[173,151092,151094],{"href":151093},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-set-function-explained\u002F","Python set() function explained",[223,151096,151098],{"id":151097},"dictionary-to-tuple","Dictionary to tuple",[20,151100,63131,151101,151103],{},[15,151102,37657],{},", Python uses the dictionary's keys.",[30,151105,151107],{"className":32,"code":151106,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\nresult = tuple(person)\n\nprint(result)\n",[15,151108,151109,151145,151159,151163],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151110,151111,151113,151115,151117,151119,151121,151123,151125,151127,151129,151131,151133,151135,151137,151139,151141,151143],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151112,12814],{"class":45},[39,151114,50],{"class":49},[39,151116,10103],{"class":53},[39,151118,244],{"class":243},[39,151120,7285],{"class":247},[39,151122,244],{"class":243},[39,151124,145],{"class":53},[39,151126,255],{"class":243},[39,151128,12492],{"class":247},[39,151130,244],{"class":243},[39,151132,61],{"class":53},[39,151134,255],{"class":243},[39,151136,8911],{"class":247},[39,151138,244],{"class":243},[39,151140,145],{"class":53},[39,151142,8918],{"class":57},[39,151144,8921],{"class":53},[39,151146,151147,151149,151151,151153,151155,151157],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,151148,86],{"class":45},[39,151150,50],{"class":49},[39,151152,148804],{"class":2523},[39,151154,101],{"class":53},[39,151156,16920],{"class":97},[39,151158,80],{"class":53},[39,151160,151161],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,151162,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,151164,151165,151167,151169,151171],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,151166,113],{"class":112},[39,151168,101],{"class":53},[39,151170,118],{"class":97},[39,151172,80],{"class":53},[20,151174,29642],{},[30,151176,151178],{"className":32,"code":151177,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('name', 'age')\n",[15,151179,151180],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151181,151182,151184,151186,151188,151190,151192,151194,151196,151198],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151183,101],{"class":53},[39,151185,629],{"class":243},[39,151187,7285],{"class":247},[39,151189,629],{"class":243},[39,151191,61],{"class":53},[39,151193,2920],{"class":243},[39,151195,8911],{"class":247},[39,151197,629],{"class":243},[39,151199,80],{"class":53},[134,151201,151203],{"id":151202},"what-happens-with-dictionaries","What happens with dictionaries",[20,151205,151206],{},"This is a common beginner surprise.",[20,151208,151209,151212],{},[15,151210,151211],{},"tuple(my_dict)"," returns a tuple of dictionary keys, not key-value pairs.",[30,151214,151216],{"className":32,"code":151215,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"person = {\"name\": \"Ana\", \"age\": 25}\n\nprint(tuple(person))\nprint(tuple(person.items()))\n",[15,151217,151218,151254,151258,151272],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151219,151220,151222,151224,151226,151228,151230,151232,151234,151236,151238,151240,151242,151244,151246,151248,151250,151252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151221,12814],{"class":45},[39,151223,50],{"class":49},[39,151225,10103],{"class":53},[39,151227,244],{"class":243},[39,151229,7285],{"class":247},[39,151231,244],{"class":243},[39,151233,145],{"class":53},[39,151235,255],{"class":243},[39,151237,12492],{"class":247},[39,151239,244],{"class":243},[39,151241,61],{"class":53},[39,151243,255],{"class":243},[39,151245,8911],{"class":247},[39,151247,244],{"class":243},[39,151249,145],{"class":53},[39,151251,8918],{"class":57},[39,151253,8921],{"class":53},[39,151255,151256],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,151257,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,151259,151260,151262,151264,151266,151268,151270],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,151261,113],{"class":112},[39,151263,101],{"class":53},[39,151265,48559],{"class":2523},[39,151267,101],{"class":53},[39,151269,16920],{"class":97},[39,151271,1026],{"class":53},[39,151273,151274,151276,151278,151280,151282,151284,151286,151288],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,151275,113],{"class":112},[39,151277,101],{"class":53},[39,151279,48559],{"class":2523},[39,151281,101],{"class":53},[39,151283,16920],{"class":97},[39,151285,94],{"class":53},[39,151287,7426],{"class":97},[39,151289,5905],{"class":53},[20,151291,458],{},[30,151293,151295],{"className":32,"code":151294,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('name', 'age')\n(('name', 'Ana'), ('age', 25))\n",[15,151296,151297,151317],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151298,151299,151301,151303,151305,151307,151309,151311,151313,151315],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151300,101],{"class":53},[39,151302,629],{"class":243},[39,151304,7285],{"class":247},[39,151306,629],{"class":243},[39,151308,61],{"class":53},[39,151310,2920],{"class":243},[39,151312,8911],{"class":247},[39,151314,629],{"class":243},[39,151316,80],{"class":53},[39,151318,151319,151321,151323,151325,151327,151329,151331,151333,151335,151337,151339,151341,151343,151345,151347,151349],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,151320,5126],{"class":53},[39,151322,629],{"class":243},[39,151324,7285],{"class":247},[39,151326,629],{"class":243},[39,151328,61],{"class":53},[39,151330,2920],{"class":243},[39,151332,12492],{"class":247},[39,151334,629],{"class":243},[39,151336,8846],{"class":53},[39,151338,54],{"class":53},[39,151340,629],{"class":243},[39,151342,8911],{"class":247},[39,151344,629],{"class":243},[39,151346,61],{"class":53},[39,151348,8918],{"class":57},[39,151350,1026],{"class":53},[20,151352,18307],{},[147,151354,151355,151360],{},[150,151356,151357,151359],{},[15,151358,151211],{}," for keys",[150,151361,151362,32171],{},[15,151363,151364],{},"tuple(my_dict.items())",[20,151366,151367,151368,94],{},"This happens because iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default. You can learn more in the ",[173,151369,63141],{"href":63140},[134,151371,151373],{"id":151372},"when-to-use-tuple","When to use tuple()",[20,151375,151376,17931],{},[15,151377,37657],{},[147,151379,151380,151383,151386,151389],{},[150,151381,151382],{},"you need an immutable sequence",[150,151384,151385],{},"you want to convert a list into a tuple",[150,151387,151388],{},"you want to store a fixed group of values",[150,151390,151391],{},"you have data that should not be changed later",[20,151393,515],{},[30,151395,151397],{"className":32,"code":151396,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"coordinates = tuple([4, 7])\nprint(coordinates)\n",[15,151398,151399,151418],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151400,151401,151404,151406,151408,151410,151412,151414,151416],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151402,151403],{"class":45},"coordinates ",[39,151405,50],{"class":49},[39,151407,148804],{"class":2523},[39,151409,2608],{"class":53},[39,151411,1333],{"class":57},[39,151413,61],{"class":53},[39,151415,1338],{"class":57},[39,151417,3513],{"class":53},[39,151419,151420,151422,151424,151427],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,151421,113],{"class":112},[39,151423,101],{"class":53},[39,151425,151426],{"class":97},"coordinates",[39,151428,80],{"class":53},[20,151430,458],{},[30,151432,151434],{"className":32,"code":151433,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(4, 7)\n",[15,151435,151436],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151437,151438,151440,151442,151444,151446],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151439,101],{"class":53},[39,151441,1333],{"class":57},[39,151443,61],{"class":53},[39,151445,1338],{"class":57},[39,151447,80],{"class":53},[20,151449,151450],{},"Tuples are often used for values like:",[147,151452,151453,151455,151458,151461],{},[150,151454,151426],{},[150,151456,151457],{},"RGB colors",[150,151459,151460],{},"dates",[150,151462,151463],{},"settings that should stay fixed",[134,151465,151467],{"id":151466},"when-not-to-use-tuple","When not to use tuple()",[20,151469,44035,151470,10214],{},[15,151471,37657],{},[147,151473,151474,151477,151480],{},[150,151475,151476],{},"you need to add, remove, or update items later",[150,151478,151479],{},"a list would be easier to work with",[150,151481,151482],{},"you are passing a non-iterable value",[20,151484,116066,151485,151487],{},[3367,151486,4254],{}," work:",[30,151489,151491],{"className":32,"code":151490,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple(5)\n",[15,151492,151493],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151494,151495,151497,151499,151501],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151496,48559],{"class":2523},[39,151498,101],{"class":53},[39,151500,1376],{"class":57},[39,151502,80],{"class":53},[20,151504,151505],{},"An integer is not iterable, so Python raises an error.",[20,151507,151508],{},"If you need a flexible sequence, use a list instead of a tuple.",[134,151510,114904],{"id":114903},[20,151512,151513],{},"Here are some common problems beginners run into.",[223,151515,151517],{"id":151516},"passing-a-non-iterable-value","Passing a non-iterable value",[20,151519,2458],{},[30,151521,151522],{"className":32,"code":151490,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,151523,151524],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151525,151526,151528,151530,151532],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151527,48559],{"class":2523},[39,151529,101],{"class":53},[39,151531,1376],{"class":57},[39,151533,80],{"class":53},[20,151535,29293],{},[30,151537,151538],{"className":32,"code":63245,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,151539,151540],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151541,151542,151544,151546,151548,151550,151552,151554,151556,151558],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151543,2627],{"class":2523},[39,151545,145],{"class":53},[39,151547,2920],{"class":243},[39,151549,1813],{"class":247},[39,151551,629],{"class":243},[39,151553,24229],{"class":2523},[39,151555,763],{"class":49},[39,151557,7715],{"class":49},[39,151559,63268],{"class":45},[20,151561,151562,151563,94],{},"If you see this, read ",[173,151564,61882],{"href":52202},[223,151566,151568],{"id":151567},"expecting-one-whole-string-item","Expecting one whole string item",[20,151570,151571],{},"This code:",[30,151573,151575],{"className":32,"code":151574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple(\"hello\")\n",[15,151576,151577],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151578,151579,151581,151583,151585,151587,151589],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151580,48559],{"class":2523},[39,151582,101],{"class":53},[39,151584,244],{"class":243},[39,151586,3470],{"class":247},[39,151588,244],{"class":243},[39,151590,80],{"class":53},[20,151592,151593],{},"returns:",[30,151595,151597],{"className":32,"code":151596,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('h', 'e', 'l', 'l', 'o')\n",[15,151598,151599],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151600,151601,151603,151605,151607,151609,151611,151613,151615,151617,151619,151621,151623,151625,151627,151629,151631,151633,151635,151637,151639,151641],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151602,101],{"class":53},[39,151604,629],{"class":243},[39,151606,60029],{"class":247},[39,151608,629],{"class":243},[39,151610,61],{"class":53},[39,151612,2920],{"class":243},[39,151614,60038],{"class":247},[39,151616,629],{"class":243},[39,151618,61],{"class":53},[39,151620,2920],{"class":243},[39,151622,60047],{"class":247},[39,151624,629],{"class":243},[39,151626,61],{"class":53},[39,151628,2920],{"class":243},[39,151630,60047],{"class":247},[39,151632,629],{"class":243},[39,151634,61],{"class":53},[39,151636,2920],{"class":243},[39,151638,60064],{"class":247},[39,151640,629],{"class":243},[39,151642,80],{"class":53},[20,151644,40517,151645,151647],{},[3367,151646,4254],{}," return:",[30,151649,151651],{"className":32,"code":151650,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('hello',)\n",[15,151652,151653],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151654,151655,151657,151659,151661,151663],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151656,101],{"class":53},[39,151658,629],{"class":243},[39,151660,3470],{"class":247},[39,151662,629],{"class":243},[39,151664,148794],{"class":53},[20,151666,151667],{},"If you want a one-item tuple, write:",[30,151669,151671],{"className":32,"code":151670,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"single = (\"hello\",)\nprint(single)\n",[15,151672,151673,151690],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151674,151675,151678,151680,151682,151684,151686,151688],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151676,151677],{"class":45},"single ",[39,151679,50],{"class":49},[39,151681,54],{"class":53},[39,151683,244],{"class":243},[39,151685,3470],{"class":247},[39,151687,244],{"class":243},[39,151689,148794],{"class":53},[39,151691,151692,151694,151696,151699],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,151693,113],{"class":112},[39,151695,101],{"class":53},[39,151697,151698],{"class":97},"single",[39,151700,80],{"class":53},[223,151702,151704],{"id":151703},"expecting-dictionary-values-too","Expecting dictionary values too",[20,151706,151571],{},[30,151708,151710],{"className":32,"code":151709,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = {\"a\": 1, \"b\": 2}\nprint(tuple(data))\n",[15,151711,151712,151744],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151713,151714,151716,151718,151720,151722,151724,151726,151728,151730,151732,151734,151736,151738,151740,151742],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151715,8778],{"class":45},[39,151717,50],{"class":49},[39,151719,10103],{"class":53},[39,151721,244],{"class":243},[39,151723,173],{"class":247},[39,151725,244],{"class":243},[39,151727,145],{"class":53},[39,151729,595],{"class":57},[39,151731,61],{"class":53},[39,151733,255],{"class":243},[39,151735,1070],{"class":247},[39,151737,244],{"class":243},[39,151739,145],{"class":53},[39,151741,64],{"class":57},[39,151743,8921],{"class":53},[39,151745,151746,151748,151750,151752,151754,151756],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,151747,113],{"class":112},[39,151749,101],{"class":53},[39,151751,48559],{"class":2523},[39,151753,101],{"class":53},[39,151755,8817],{"class":97},[39,151757,1026],{"class":53},[20,151759,151760],{},"returns only the keys:",[30,151762,151764],{"className":32,"code":151763,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('a', 'b')\n",[15,151765,151766],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151767,151768,151770,151772,151774,151776,151778,151780,151782,151784],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151769,101],{"class":53},[39,151771,629],{"class":243},[39,151773,173],{"class":247},[39,151775,629],{"class":243},[39,151777,61],{"class":53},[39,151779,2920],{"class":243},[39,151781,1070],{"class":247},[39,151783,629],{"class":243},[39,151785,80],{"class":53},[20,151787,151788],{},"To get key-value pairs, use:",[30,151790,151792],{"className":32,"code":151791,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(tuple(data.items()))\n",[15,151793,151794],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151795,151796,151798,151800,151802,151804,151806,151808,151810],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151797,113],{"class":112},[39,151799,101],{"class":53},[39,151801,48559],{"class":2523},[39,151803,101],{"class":53},[39,151805,8817],{"class":97},[39,151807,94],{"class":53},[39,151809,7426],{"class":97},[39,151811,5905],{"class":53},[223,151813,151815],{"id":151814},"thinking-parentheses-always-convert-to-a-tuple","Thinking parentheses always convert to a tuple",[20,151817,151818,151819,151821],{},"Parentheses can create tuples in many cases, but they do not behave the same as ",[15,151820,37657],{}," conversion.",[20,151823,5088],{},[30,151825,151827],{"className":32,"code":151826,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(value)\n",[15,151828,151829,151849],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,151830,151831,151833,151835,151837,151839,151841,151843,151845,151847],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,151832,2070],{"class":45},[39,151834,50],{"class":49},[39,151836,54],{"class":53},[39,151838,58],{"class":57},[39,151840,61],{"class":53},[39,151842,64],{"class":57},[39,151844,61],{"class":53},[39,151846,73],{"class":57},[39,151848,80],{"class":53},[39,151850,151851,151853,151855,151857],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,151852,113],{"class":112},[39,151854,101],{"class":53},[39,151856,155],{"class":97},[39,151858,80],{"class":53},[20,151860,151861],{},"This creates a tuple directly.",[20,151863,25117,151864,151866],{},[15,151865,37657],{}," is specifically used to create an empty tuple or convert an iterable into a tuple.",[134,151868,1454],{"id":1453},[223,151870,151872],{"id":151871},"what-does-tuple-do-in-python","What does tuple() do in Python?",[20,151874,151875],{},"It creates a tuple. With an iterable argument, it converts that iterable into a tuple.",[223,151877,151879],{"id":151878},"what-does-tuple-return-with-no-argument","What does tuple() return with no argument?",[20,151881,151882,151883,94],{},"It returns an empty tuple: ",[15,151884,6982],{},[223,151886,151888],{"id":151887},"can-tuple-convert-a-string","Can tuple() convert a string?",[20,151890,151891],{},"Yes. Each character becomes a separate item in the tuple.",[223,151893,151895],{"id":151894},"why-does-tuplemy_dict-only-return-keys","Why does tuple(my_dict) only return keys?",[20,151897,151898],{},"Iterating over a dictionary gives its keys by default.",[223,151900,151902],{"id":151901},"can-i-use-tuple-on-an-integer","Can I use tuple() on an integer?",[20,151904,151905,151906,94],{},"No. An integer is not iterable, so Python raises a ",[15,151907,2627],{},[134,151909,1514],{"id":1513},[147,151911,151912,151916,151920,151924,151928,151932],{},[150,151913,151914],{},[173,151915,176],{"href":175},[150,151917,151918],{},[173,151919,150365],{"href":148741},[150,151921,151922],{},[173,151923,104640],{"href":59646},[150,151925,151926],{},[173,151927,151094],{"href":151093},[150,151929,151930],{},[173,151931,63141],{"href":63140},[150,151933,151934],{},[173,151935,61882],{"href":52202},[1550,151937,151938],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":151940},[151941,151942,151943,151944,151945,151952,151953,151954,151955,151961,151968],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":150568,"depth":83,"text":150569},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":149114,"depth":83,"text":149115},{"id":150737,"depth":83,"text":150738,"children":151946},[151947,151948,151949,151950,151951],{"id":150741,"depth":109,"text":150742},{"id":150829,"depth":109,"text":150830},{"id":150928,"depth":109,"text":150929},{"id":151008,"depth":109,"text":151009},{"id":151097,"depth":109,"text":151098},{"id":151202,"depth":83,"text":151203},{"id":151372,"depth":83,"text":151373},{"id":151466,"depth":83,"text":151467},{"id":114903,"depth":83,"text":114904,"children":151956},[151957,151958,151959,151960],{"id":151516,"depth":109,"text":151517},{"id":151567,"depth":109,"text":151568},{"id":151703,"depth":109,"text":151704},{"id":151814,"depth":109,"text":151815},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":151962},[151963,151964,151965,151966,151967],{"id":151871,"depth":109,"text":151872},{"id":151878,"depth":109,"text":151879},{"id":151887,"depth":109,"text":151888},{"id":151894,"depth":109,"text":151895},{"id":151901,"depth":109,"text":151902},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python tuple function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained",{"title":150423,"description":151969},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-function-explained","pFeq5hNHdIKuIzk8wtloZhtsgtV1EfCv8EepPUEVHYk",{"id":151976,"title":151977,"body":151978,"description":153391,"extension":1587,"meta":153392,"navigation":420,"path":153393,"seo":153394,"stem":153395,"__hash__":153396},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method.md","Python Tuple index() Method",{"type":7,"value":151979,"toc":153363},[151980,151985,151990,151993,151995,152074,152080,152085,152089,152104,152106,152153,152155,152163,152171,152177,152179,152184,152204,152207,152234,152236,152260,152262,152404,152406,152410,152418,152421,152423,152500,152502,152510,152514,152518,152528,152538,152540,152545,152547,152606,152611,152613,152713,152715,152729,152734,152740,152747,152750,152752,152862,152866,152883,152885,152948,152950,152958,152970,152974,152979,153007,153010,153092,153094,153105,153107,153111,153138,153140,153142,153222,153230,153232,153287,153289,153294,153297,153301,153305,153307,153311,153315,153323,153330,153333,153335,153360],[10,151981,13,151983,18],{"id":151982},"python-tuple-index-method",[15,151984,1302],{},[20,151986,151987,151989],{},[15,151988,1502],{}," finds the position of a value inside a tuple.",[20,151991,151992],{},"It is useful when you know the value you want to search for and need its index. This method returns the first matching position and raises an error if the value is not found.",[134,151994,1629],{"id":1628},[30,151996,151998],{"className":32,"code":151997,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nposition = colors.index(\"blue\")\nprint(position)  # 1\n",[15,151999,152000,152040,152062],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152001,152002,152004,152006,152008,152010,152012,152014,152016,152018,152020,152022,152024,152026,152028,152030,152032,152034,152036,152038],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152003,236],{"class":45},[39,152005,50],{"class":49},[39,152007,54],{"class":53},[39,152009,244],{"class":243},[39,152011,248],{"class":247},[39,152013,244],{"class":243},[39,152015,61],{"class":53},[39,152017,255],{"class":243},[39,152019,258],{"class":247},[39,152021,244],{"class":243},[39,152023,61],{"class":53},[39,152025,255],{"class":243},[39,152027,275],{"class":247},[39,152029,244],{"class":243},[39,152031,61],{"class":53},[39,152033,255],{"class":243},[39,152035,258],{"class":247},[39,152037,244],{"class":243},[39,152039,80],{"class":53},[39,152041,152042,152044,152046,152048,152050,152052,152054,152056,152058,152060],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,152043,64511],{"class":45},[39,152045,50],{"class":49},[39,152047,12733],{"class":45},[39,152049,94],{"class":53},[39,152051,1431],{"class":97},[39,152053,101],{"class":53},[39,152055,244],{"class":243},[39,152057,258],{"class":247},[39,152059,244],{"class":243},[39,152061,80],{"class":53},[39,152063,152064,152066,152068,152070,152072],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,152065,113],{"class":112},[39,152067,101],{"class":53},[39,152069,64538],{"class":97},[39,152071,121],{"class":53},[39,152073,894],{"class":124},[20,152075,152076,152079],{},[15,152077,152078],{},"tuple.index(value)"," returns the position of the first matching item.",[134,152081,137,152083,140],{"id":152082},"what-tupleindex-does",[15,152084,1502],{},[20,152086,1604,152087,11026],{},[15,152088,1302],{},[147,152090,152091,152094,152096,152099],{},[150,152092,152093],{},"Finds the position of a value inside a tuple",[150,152095,128056],{},[150,152097,152098],{},"Works only if the value exists in the tuple",[150,152100,152101,152102],{},"Uses zero-based indexing, so the first item is at index ",[15,152103,221],{},[20,152105,515],{},[30,152107,152109],{"className":32,"code":152108,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 20)\nprint(numbers.index(20))\n",[15,152110,152111,152135],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152112,152113,152115,152117,152119,152121,152123,152125,152127,152129,152131,152133],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152114,46],{"class":45},[39,152116,50],{"class":49},[39,152118,54],{"class":53},[39,152120,682],{"class":57},[39,152122,61],{"class":53},[39,152124,687],{"class":57},[39,152126,61],{"class":53},[39,152128,697],{"class":57},[39,152130,61],{"class":53},[39,152132,687],{"class":57},[39,152134,80],{"class":53},[39,152136,152137,152139,152141,152143,152145,152147,152149,152151],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,152138,113],{"class":112},[39,152140,101],{"class":53},[39,152142,992],{"class":97},[39,152144,94],{"class":53},[39,152146,1431],{"class":97},[39,152148,101],{"class":53},[39,152150,15366],{"class":57},[39,152152,1026],{"class":53},[20,152154,458],{},[30,152156,152157],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,152158,152159],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152160,152161],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152162,46522],{"class":57},[20,152164,20590,152165,152167,152168,152170],{},[15,152166,15366],{}," appears twice, ",[15,152169,1302],{}," returns only the first match.",[20,152172,150589,152173,94],{},[173,152174,152176],{"href":152175},"\u002Fglossary\u002Fwhat-is-a-tuple-in-python","what a tuple is in Python",[134,152178,1781],{"id":1780},[20,152180,7380,152181,152183],{},[15,152182,1302],{}," in two ways:",[30,152185,152187],{"className":32,"code":152186,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple_name.index(value)\n",[15,152188,152189],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152190,152191,152194,152196,152198,152200,152202],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152192,152193],{"class":45},"tuple_name",[39,152195,94],{"class":53},[39,152197,1431],{"class":97},[39,152199,101],{"class":53},[39,152201,155],{"class":97},[39,152203,80],{"class":53},[20,152205,152206],{},"or:",[30,152208,152210],{"className":32,"code":152209,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple_name.index(value, start, end)\n",[15,152211,152212],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152213,152214,152216,152218,152220,152222,152224,152226,152228,152230,152232],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152215,152193],{"class":45},[39,152217,94],{"class":53},[39,152219,1431],{"class":97},[39,152221,101],{"class":53},[39,152223,155],{"class":97},[39,152225,61],{"class":53},[39,152227,35666],{"class":97},[39,152229,61],{"class":53},[39,152231,64632],{"class":97},[39,152233,80],{"class":53},[223,152235,17008],{"id":17007},[147,152237,152238,152243,152248,152253],{},[150,152239,152240,152242],{},[15,152241,155],{}," — the item to search for",[150,152244,152245,152247],{},[15,152246,35687],{}," — optional starting position",[150,152249,152250,152252],{},[15,152251,52263],{}," — optional ending position",[150,152254,152255,936,152257,152259],{},[15,152256,52263],{},[3367,152258,64661],{}," in the search",[20,152261,515],{},[30,152263,152265],{"className":32,"code":152264,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"b\", \"d\")\n\nprint(letters.index(\"b\"))        # 1\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 2))     # 3\nprint(letters.index(\"b\", 1, 3))  # 1\n",[15,152266,152267,152315,152319,152344,152372],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152268,152269,152271,152273,152275,152277,152279,152281,152283,152285,152287,152289,152291,152293,152295,152297,152299,152301,152303,152305,152307,152309,152311,152313],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152270,1053],{"class":45},[39,152272,50],{"class":49},[39,152274,54],{"class":53},[39,152276,244],{"class":243},[39,152278,173],{"class":247},[39,152280,244],{"class":243},[39,152282,61],{"class":53},[39,152284,255],{"class":243},[39,152286,1070],{"class":247},[39,152288,244],{"class":243},[39,152290,61],{"class":53},[39,152292,255],{"class":243},[39,152294,9352],{"class":247},[39,152296,244],{"class":243},[39,152298,61],{"class":53},[39,152300,255],{"class":243},[39,152302,1070],{"class":247},[39,152304,244],{"class":243},[39,152306,61],{"class":53},[39,152308,255],{"class":243},[39,152310,18380],{"class":247},[39,152312,244],{"class":243},[39,152314,80],{"class":53},[39,152316,152317],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,152318,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,152320,152321,152323,152325,152327,152329,152331,152333,152335,152337,152339,152341],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,152322,113],{"class":112},[39,152324,101],{"class":53},[39,152326,35757],{"class":97},[39,152328,94],{"class":53},[39,152330,1431],{"class":97},[39,152332,101],{"class":53},[39,152334,244],{"class":243},[39,152336,1070],{"class":247},[39,152338,244],{"class":243},[39,152340,303],{"class":53},[39,152342,152343],{"class":124},"        # 1\n",[39,152345,152346,152348,152350,152352,152354,152356,152358,152360,152362,152364,152366,152368,152370],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,152347,113],{"class":112},[39,152349,101],{"class":53},[39,152351,35757],{"class":97},[39,152353,94],{"class":53},[39,152355,1431],{"class":97},[39,152357,101],{"class":53},[39,152359,244],{"class":243},[39,152361,1070],{"class":247},[39,152363,244],{"class":243},[39,152365,61],{"class":53},[39,152367,64],{"class":57},[39,152369,303],{"class":53},[39,152371,50524],{"class":124},[39,152373,152374,152376,152378,152380,152382,152384,152386,152388,152390,152392,152394,152396,152398,152400,152402],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,152375,113],{"class":112},[39,152377,101],{"class":53},[39,152379,35757],{"class":97},[39,152381,94],{"class":53},[39,152383,1431],{"class":97},[39,152385,101],{"class":53},[39,152387,244],{"class":243},[39,152389,1070],{"class":247},[39,152391,244],{"class":243},[39,152393,61],{"class":53},[39,152395,595],{"class":57},[39,152397,61],{"class":53},[39,152399,73],{"class":57},[39,152401,303],{"class":53},[39,152403,894],{"class":124},[134,152405,102968],{"id":102967},[20,152407,152408,25120],{},[15,152409,1502],{},[147,152411,152412,152415],{},[150,152413,152414],{},"An integer",[150,152416,152417],{},"The position of the first matching item",[20,152419,152420],{},"If the value appears more than once, later matches are ignored.",[20,152422,515],{},[30,152424,152426],{"className":32,"code":152425,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"animals = (\"cat\", \"dog\", \"bird\", \"dog\")\nresult = animals.index(\"dog\")\nprint(result)\n",[15,152427,152428,152468,152490],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152429,152430,152432,152434,152436,152438,152440,152442,152444,152446,152448,152450,152452,152454,152456,152458,152460,152462,152464,152466],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152431,108066],{"class":45},[39,152433,50],{"class":49},[39,152435,54],{"class":53},[39,152437,244],{"class":243},[39,152439,839],{"class":247},[39,152441,244],{"class":243},[39,152443,61],{"class":53},[39,152445,255],{"class":243},[39,152447,57723],{"class":247},[39,152449,244],{"class":243},[39,152451,61],{"class":53},[39,152453,255],{"class":243},[39,152455,57740],{"class":247},[39,152457,244],{"class":243},[39,152459,61],{"class":53},[39,152461,255],{"class":243},[39,152463,57723],{"class":247},[39,152465,244],{"class":243},[39,152467,80],{"class":53},[39,152469,152470,152472,152474,152476,152478,152480,152482,152484,152486,152488],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,152471,86],{"class":45},[39,152473,50],{"class":49},[39,152475,108109],{"class":45},[39,152477,94],{"class":53},[39,152479,1431],{"class":97},[39,152481,101],{"class":53},[39,152483,244],{"class":243},[39,152485,57723],{"class":247},[39,152487,244],{"class":243},[39,152489,80],{"class":53},[39,152491,152492,152494,152496,152498],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,152493,113],{"class":112},[39,152495,101],{"class":53},[39,152497,118],{"class":97},[39,152499,80],{"class":53},[20,152501,458],{},[30,152503,152504],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,152505,152506],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152507,152508],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152509,46522],{"class":57},[134,152511,152513],{"id":152512},"when-to-use-it","When to use it",[20,152515,128,152516,10214],{},[15,152517,1502],{},[147,152519,152520,152522,152525],{},[150,152521,65689],{},[150,152523,152524],{},"You want to find where an item first appears",[150,152526,152527],{},"You are working with a small fixed collection stored as a tuple",[20,152529,152530,152531,152534,152535,94],{},"If you already know the position, use normal tuple indexing instead, such as ",[15,152532,152533],{},"my_tuple[0]",". For a full explanation, see ",[173,152536,149111],{"href":152537},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained",[134,152539,65221],{"id":65220},[20,152541,152542,152543,94],{},"If the value is not in the tuple, Python raises a ",[15,152544,40315],{},[20,152546,515],{},[30,152548,152550],{"className":32,"code":152549,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\nprint(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\n",[15,152551,152552,152584],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152553,152554,152556,152558,152560,152562,152564,152566,152568,152570,152572,152574,152576,152578,152580,152582],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152555,236],{"class":45},[39,152557,50],{"class":49},[39,152559,54],{"class":53},[39,152561,244],{"class":243},[39,152563,248],{"class":247},[39,152565,244],{"class":243},[39,152567,61],{"class":53},[39,152569,255],{"class":243},[39,152571,258],{"class":247},[39,152573,244],{"class":243},[39,152575,61],{"class":53},[39,152577,255],{"class":243},[39,152579,275],{"class":247},[39,152581,244],{"class":243},[39,152583,80],{"class":53},[39,152585,152586,152588,152590,152592,152594,152596,152598,152600,152602,152604],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,152587,113],{"class":112},[39,152589,101],{"class":53},[39,152591,288],{"class":97},[39,152593,94],{"class":53},[39,152595,1431],{"class":97},[39,152597,101],{"class":53},[39,152599,244],{"class":243},[39,152601,325],{"class":247},[39,152603,244],{"class":243},[39,152605,1026],{"class":53},[20,152607,39264,152608,152610],{},[15,152609,348],{}," is not in the tuple.",[20,152612,65296],{},[30,152614,152616],{"className":32,"code":152615,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"blue\", \"green\")\n\nif \"yellow\" in colors:\n    print(colors.index(\"yellow\"))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,152617,152618,152650,152654,152670,152692,152698],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152619,152620,152622,152624,152626,152628,152630,152632,152634,152636,152638,152640,152642,152644,152646,152648],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152621,236],{"class":45},[39,152623,50],{"class":49},[39,152625,54],{"class":53},[39,152627,244],{"class":243},[39,152629,248],{"class":247},[39,152631,244],{"class":243},[39,152633,61],{"class":53},[39,152635,255],{"class":243},[39,152637,258],{"class":247},[39,152639,244],{"class":243},[39,152641,61],{"class":53},[39,152643,255],{"class":243},[39,152645,275],{"class":247},[39,152647,244],{"class":243},[39,152649,80],{"class":53},[39,152651,152652],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,152653,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,152655,152656,152658,152660,152662,152664,152666,152668],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,152657,511],{"class":572},[39,152659,255],{"class":243},[39,152661,325],{"class":247},[39,152663,244],{"class":243},[39,152665,1149],{"class":49},[39,152667,12733],{"class":45},[39,152669,598],{"class":53},[39,152671,152672,152674,152676,152678,152680,152682,152684,152686,152688,152690],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,152673,603],{"class":112},[39,152675,101],{"class":53},[39,152677,288],{"class":97},[39,152679,94],{"class":53},[39,152681,1431],{"class":97},[39,152683,101],{"class":53},[39,152685,244],{"class":243},[39,152687,325],{"class":247},[39,152689,244],{"class":243},[39,152691,1026],{"class":53},[39,152693,152694,152696],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,152695,27046],{"class":572},[39,152697,598],{"class":53},[39,152699,152700,152702,152704,152706,152709,152711],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,152701,603],{"class":112},[39,152703,101],{"class":53},[39,152705,244],{"class":243},[39,152707,152708],{"class":247},"Value not found",[39,152710,244],{"class":243},[39,152712,80],{"class":53},[20,152714,458],{},[30,152716,152718],{"className":32,"code":152717,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Value not found\n",[15,152719,152720],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152721,152722,152725,152727],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152723,152724],{"class":45},"Value ",[39,152726,4254],{"class":49},[39,152728,65420],{"class":45},[20,152730,152731,152732,94],{},"If you want to learn more about this kind of error, see ",[173,152733,65430],{"href":65429},[134,152735,948,152736,796,152738],{"id":64997},[15,152737,35687],{},[15,152739,52263],{},[20,152741,1604,152742,796,152744,152746],{},[15,152743,35687],{},[15,152745,52263],{}," arguments let you search only part of a tuple.",[20,152748,152749],{},"This is helpful when the same value appears multiple times.",[20,152751,515],{},[30,152753,152755],{"className":32,"code":152754,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5))        # 0\nprint(values.index(5, 1))     # 2\nprint(values.index(5, 3, 5))  # 4\n",[15,152756,152757,152785,152789,152810,152834],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152758,152759,152761,152763,152765,152767,152769,152771,152773,152775,152777,152779,152781,152783],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152760,812],{"class":45},[39,152762,50],{"class":49},[39,152764,54],{"class":53},[39,152766,1376],{"class":57},[39,152768,61],{"class":53},[39,152770,692],{"class":57},[39,152772,61],{"class":53},[39,152774,4228],{"class":57},[39,152776,61],{"class":53},[39,152778,687],{"class":57},[39,152780,61],{"class":53},[39,152782,4228],{"class":57},[39,152784,80],{"class":53},[39,152786,152787],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,152788,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,152790,152791,152793,152795,152797,152799,152801,152803,152805,152807],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,152792,113],{"class":112},[39,152794,101],{"class":53},[39,152796,856],{"class":97},[39,152798,94],{"class":53},[39,152800,1431],{"class":97},[39,152802,101],{"class":53},[39,152804,1376],{"class":57},[39,152806,303],{"class":53},[39,152808,152809],{"class":124},"        # 0\n",[39,152811,152812,152814,152816,152818,152820,152822,152824,152826,152828,152830,152832],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,152813,113],{"class":112},[39,152815,101],{"class":53},[39,152817,856],{"class":97},[39,152819,94],{"class":53},[39,152821,1431],{"class":97},[39,152823,101],{"class":53},[39,152825,1376],{"class":57},[39,152827,61],{"class":53},[39,152829,595],{"class":57},[39,152831,303],{"class":53},[39,152833,50558],{"class":124},[39,152835,152836,152838,152840,152842,152844,152846,152848,152850,152852,152854,152856,152858,152860],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,152837,113],{"class":112},[39,152839,101],{"class":53},[39,152841,856],{"class":97},[39,152843,94],{"class":53},[39,152845,1431],{"class":97},[39,152847,101],{"class":53},[39,152849,1376],{"class":57},[39,152851,61],{"class":53},[39,152853,73],{"class":57},[39,152855,61],{"class":53},[39,152857,4228],{"class":57},[39,152859,303],{"class":53},[39,152861,50541],{"class":124},[223,152863,152865],{"id":152864},"how-it-works","How it works",[147,152867,152868,152873,152878],{},[150,152869,152870,152872],{},[15,152871,35687],{}," tells Python where to begin searching",[150,152874,152875,152877],{},[15,152876,52263],{}," tells Python where to stop searching",[150,152879,1604,152880,152882],{},[15,152881,52263],{}," position itself is not included",[20,152884,515],{},[30,152886,152888],{"className":32,"code":152887,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = (5, 10, 5, 20, 5)\n\nprint(values.index(5, 1, 4))\n",[15,152889,152890,152918,152922],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152891,152892,152894,152896,152898,152900,152902,152904,152906,152908,152910,152912,152914,152916],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152893,812],{"class":45},[39,152895,50],{"class":49},[39,152897,54],{"class":53},[39,152899,1376],{"class":57},[39,152901,61],{"class":53},[39,152903,692],{"class":57},[39,152905,61],{"class":53},[39,152907,4228],{"class":57},[39,152909,61],{"class":53},[39,152911,687],{"class":57},[39,152913,61],{"class":53},[39,152915,4228],{"class":57},[39,152917,80],{"class":53},[39,152919,152920],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,152921,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,152923,152924,152926,152928,152930,152932,152934,152936,152938,152940,152942,152944,152946],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,152925,113],{"class":112},[39,152927,101],{"class":53},[39,152929,856],{"class":97},[39,152931,94],{"class":53},[39,152933,1431],{"class":97},[39,152935,101],{"class":53},[39,152937,1376],{"class":57},[39,152939,61],{"class":53},[39,152941,595],{"class":57},[39,152943,61],{"class":53},[39,152945,2080],{"class":57},[39,152947,1026],{"class":53},[20,152949,458],{},[30,152951,152952],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,152953,152954],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,152955,152956],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,152957,16669],{"class":57},[20,152959,152960,152961,1814,152963,16685,152965,152967,152968,94],{},"Python searches positions ",[15,152962,58],{},[15,152964,104],{},[15,152966,479],{},", but not ",[15,152969,1333],{},[134,152971,152973],{"id":152972},"beginner-tips","Beginner tips",[20,152975,152976,152977,145],{},"Keep these points in mind when using ",[15,152978,1502],{},[147,152980,152981,152989,152994,153001],{},[150,152982,152983,152984,152986,152987],{},"Do not confuse the ",[3367,152985,155],{}," with the ",[3367,152988,1431],{},[150,152990,152991,152992],{},"Remember that indexing starts at ",[15,152993,221],{},[150,152995,128,152996,153000],{},[173,152997,1530,152998,1533],{"href":1589},[15,152999,17],{}," if you need to know how many times a value appears",[150,153002,153003,153004,153006],{},"Use normal indexing like ",[15,153005,152533],{}," when you already know the position",[20,153008,153009],{},"Example of value vs index:",[30,153011,153013],{"className":32,"code":153012,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\n\nprint(fruits.index(\"banana\"))  # 1\nprint(fruits[1])               # banana\n",[15,153014,153015,153047,153051,153075],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153016,153017,153019,153021,153023,153025,153027,153029,153031,153033,153035,153037,153039,153041,153043,153045],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153018,368],{"class":45},[39,153020,50],{"class":49},[39,153022,54],{"class":53},[39,153024,244],{"class":243},[39,153026,377],{"class":247},[39,153028,244],{"class":243},[39,153030,61],{"class":53},[39,153032,255],{"class":243},[39,153034,386],{"class":247},[39,153036,244],{"class":243},[39,153038,61],{"class":53},[39,153040,255],{"class":243},[39,153042,403],{"class":247},[39,153044,244],{"class":243},[39,153046,80],{"class":53},[39,153048,153049],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153050,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,153052,153053,153055,153057,153059,153061,153063,153065,153067,153069,153071,153073],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153054,113],{"class":112},[39,153056,101],{"class":53},[39,153058,35904],{"class":97},[39,153060,94],{"class":53},[39,153062,1431],{"class":97},[39,153064,101],{"class":53},[39,153066,244],{"class":243},[39,153068,386],{"class":247},[39,153070,244],{"class":243},[39,153072,303],{"class":53},[39,153074,894],{"class":124},[39,153076,153077,153079,153081,153083,153085,153087,153089],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,153078,113],{"class":112},[39,153080,101],{"class":53},[39,153082,35904],{"class":97},[39,153084,3525],{"class":53},[39,153086,58],{"class":57},[39,153088,20058],{"class":53},[39,153090,153091],{"class":124},"               # banana\n",[20,153093,1803],{},[147,153095,153096,153100],{},[150,153097,153098,14858],{},[15,153099,64866],{},[150,153101,153102,153104],{},[15,153103,58],{}," is the index",[134,153106,944],{"id":943},[20,153108,105705,153109,145],{},[15,153110,1502],{},[147,153112,153113,153116,153121,153126,153133],{},[150,153114,153115],{},"Searching for a value that is not inside the tuple",[150,153117,1030,153118,153120],{},[15,153119,1302],{}," to return all matching positions",[150,153122,153123,153124],{},"Forgetting that the first item is at index ",[15,153125,221],{},[150,153127,153128,153129,796,153131],{},"Using the wrong search range with ",[15,153130,35687],{},[15,153132,52263],{},[150,153134,1160,153135,153137],{},[15,153136,1502],{}," with similar methods on strings or lists",[223,153139,60301],{"id":60300},[20,153141,93970],{},[30,153143,153145],{"className":32,"code":153144,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(value in my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple.count(value))\nprint(my_tuple.index(value))\n",[15,153146,153147,153157,153171,153186,153204],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153148,153149,153151,153153,153155],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153150,113],{"class":112},[39,153152,101],{"class":53},[39,153154,195],{"class":97},[39,153156,80],{"class":53},[39,153158,153159,153161,153163,153165,153167,153169],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153160,113],{"class":112},[39,153162,101],{"class":53},[39,153164,10775],{"class":112},[39,153166,101],{"class":53},[39,153168,195],{"class":97},[39,153170,1026],{"class":53},[39,153172,153173,153175,153177,153179,153181,153184],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153174,113],{"class":112},[39,153176,101],{"class":53},[39,153178,2070],{"class":97},[39,153180,1128],{"class":572},[39,153182,153183],{"class":97}," my_tuple",[39,153185,80],{"class":53},[39,153187,153188,153190,153192,153194,153196,153198,153200,153202],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,153189,113],{"class":112},[39,153191,101],{"class":53},[39,153193,195],{"class":97},[39,153195,94],{"class":53},[39,153197,98],{"class":97},[39,153199,101],{"class":53},[39,153201,155],{"class":97},[39,153203,1026],{"class":53},[39,153205,153206,153208,153210,153212,153214,153216,153218,153220],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,153207,113],{"class":112},[39,153209,101],{"class":53},[39,153211,195],{"class":97},[39,153213,94],{"class":53},[39,153215,1431],{"class":97},[39,153217,101],{"class":53},[39,153219,155],{"class":97},[39,153221,1026],{"class":53},[20,153223,153224,153225,83987,153227,153229],{},"Be careful with the last line. It will raise a ",[15,153226,40315],{},[15,153228,155],{}," is missing.",[20,153231,129208],{},[30,153233,153235],{"className":32,"code":153234,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"if value in my_tuple:\n    print(my_tuple.index(value))\nelse:\n    print(\"Value not found\")\n",[15,153236,153237,153249,153267,153273],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153238,153239,153241,153243,153245,153247],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153240,511],{"class":572},[39,153242,21196],{"class":45},[39,153244,1128],{"class":49},[39,153246,153183],{"class":45},[39,153248,598],{"class":53},[39,153250,153251,153253,153255,153257,153259,153261,153263,153265],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153252,603],{"class":112},[39,153254,101],{"class":53},[39,153256,195],{"class":97},[39,153258,94],{"class":53},[39,153260,1431],{"class":97},[39,153262,101],{"class":53},[39,153264,155],{"class":97},[39,153266,1026],{"class":53},[39,153268,153269,153271],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153270,27046],{"class":572},[39,153272,598],{"class":53},[39,153274,153275,153277,153279,153281,153283,153285],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,153276,603],{"class":112},[39,153278,101],{"class":53},[39,153280,244],{"class":243},[39,153282,152708],{"class":247},[39,153284,244],{"class":243},[39,153286,80],{"class":53},[134,153288,1454],{"id":1453},[223,153290,1458,153292,12327],{"id":153291},"what-does-tupleindex-return",[15,153293,1502],{},[20,153295,153296],{},"It returns the index of the first matching value in the tuple.",[223,153298,153300],{"id":153299},"what-if-the-value-appears-more-than-once","What if the value appears more than once?",[20,153302,153303,152170],{},[15,153304,1502],{},[223,153306,1478],{"id":1477},[20,153308,76448,153309,94],{},[15,153310,40315],{},[223,153312,153314],{"id":153313},"can-i-search-only-part-of-a-tuple","Can I search only part of a tuple?",[20,153316,153317,153318,796,153320,153322],{},"Yes. You can use ",[15,153319,35687],{},[15,153321,52263],{}," arguments to limit the search.",[223,153324,14514,153326,56807,153328,929],{"id":153325},"is-tupleindex-the-same-as-listindex",[15,153327,1502],{},[15,153329,64457],{},[20,153331,153332],{},"They work in a very similar way, but one is for tuples and the other is for lists.",[134,153334,1514],{"id":1513},[147,153336,153337,153343,153347,153352,153356],{},[150,153338,153339],{},[173,153340,1530,153341,1533],{"href":1589},[15,153342,17],{},[150,153344,153345],{},[173,153346,149111],{"href":152537},[150,153348,153349],{},[173,153350,153351],{"href":150417},"Creating a tuple in Python",[150,153353,153354],{},[173,153355,65430],{"href":65429},[150,153357,153358],{},[173,153359,150365],{"href":152175},[1550,153361,153362],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":153364},[153365,153366,153368,153371,153372,153373,153374,153377,153378,153381,153390],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":152082,"depth":83,"text":153367},"What tuple.index() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781,"children":153369},[153370],{"id":17007,"depth":109,"text":17008},{"id":102967,"depth":83,"text":102968},{"id":152512,"depth":83,"text":152513},{"id":65220,"depth":83,"text":65221},{"id":64997,"depth":83,"text":65780,"children":153375},[153376],{"id":152864,"depth":109,"text":152865},{"id":152972,"depth":83,"text":152973},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944,"children":153379},[153380],{"id":60300,"depth":109,"text":60301},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":153382},[153383,153385,153386,153387,153388],{"id":153291,"depth":109,"text":153384},"What does tuple.index() return?",{"id":153299,"depth":109,"text":153300},{"id":1477,"depth":109,"text":1478},{"id":153313,"depth":109,"text":153314},{"id":153325,"depth":109,"text":153389},"Is tuple.index() the same as list.index()?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python tuple index method in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method",{"title":151977,"description":153391},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-index-method","hFeA-En5My_vANu8tP2TUrxcbB-PyXux8kIT29TBrmo",{"id":153398,"title":153399,"body":153400,"description":154795,"extension":1587,"meta":154796,"navigation":420,"path":152537,"seo":154797,"stem":154798,"__hash__":154799},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained.md","Python Tuple Indexing Explained",{"type":7,"value":153401,"toc":154777},[153402,153405,153408,153411,153425,153427,153430,153524,153534,153540,153544,153547,153550,153552,153570,153572,153643,153645,153662,153666,153670,153673,153690,153693,153708,153710,153801,153804,153808,153811,153828,153830,153925,153928,153931,153935,153938,154032,154034,154053,154056,154060,154063,154065,154120,154122,154157,154160,154174,154182,154275,154284,154288,154291,154298,154301,154348,154350,154358,154361,154412,154414,154431,154436,154440,154443,154446,154448,154499,154502,154557,154560,154563,154565,154568,154588,154590,154663,154666,154679,154681,154685,154690,154694,154699,154716,154720,154723,154740,154744,154747,154749,154774],[10,153403,153399],{"id":153404},"python-tuple-indexing-explained",[20,153406,153407],{},"Tuple indexing is how you access one item in a tuple by its position.",[20,153409,153410],{},"Use this when you want to read a specific value from a tuple. On this page, the focus is on:",[147,153412,153413,153416,153419,153422],{},[150,153414,153415],{},"positive indexes",[150,153417,153418],{},"negative indexes",[150,153420,153421],{},"common indexing mistakes",[150,153423,153424],{},"what happens when an index does not exist",[134,153426,3235],{"id":3234},[20,153428,153429],{},"Use square brackets with a number after the tuple name.",[30,153431,153433],{"className":32,"code":153432,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\n\nprint(colors[0])   # red\nprint(colors[1])   # green\nprint(colors[-1])  # blue\n",[15,153434,153435,153467,153471,153488,153505],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153436,153437,153439,153441,153443,153445,153447,153449,153451,153453,153455,153457,153459,153461,153463,153465],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153438,236],{"class":45},[39,153440,50],{"class":49},[39,153442,54],{"class":53},[39,153444,244],{"class":243},[39,153446,248],{"class":247},[39,153448,244],{"class":243},[39,153450,61],{"class":53},[39,153452,255],{"class":243},[39,153454,275],{"class":247},[39,153456,244],{"class":243},[39,153458,61],{"class":53},[39,153460,255],{"class":243},[39,153462,258],{"class":247},[39,153464,244],{"class":243},[39,153466,80],{"class":53},[39,153468,153469],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153470,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,153472,153473,153475,153477,153479,153481,153483,153485],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153474,113],{"class":112},[39,153476,101],{"class":53},[39,153478,288],{"class":97},[39,153480,3525],{"class":53},[39,153482,221],{"class":57},[39,153484,20058],{"class":53},[39,153486,153487],{"class":124},"   # red\n",[39,153489,153490,153492,153494,153496,153498,153500,153502],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,153491,113],{"class":112},[39,153493,101],{"class":53},[39,153495,288],{"class":97},[39,153497,3525],{"class":53},[39,153499,58],{"class":57},[39,153501,20058],{"class":53},[39,153503,153504],{"class":124},"   # green\n",[39,153506,153507,153509,153511,153513,153515,153517,153519,153521],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,153508,113],{"class":112},[39,153510,101],{"class":53},[39,153512,288],{"class":97},[39,153514,3525],{"class":53},[39,153516,1648],{"class":49},[39,153518,58],{"class":57},[39,153520,20058],{"class":53},[39,153522,153523],{"class":124},"  # blue\n",[147,153525,153526,153531],{},[150,153527,131997,153528,153530],{},[15,153529,221],{}," is the first item.",[150,153532,153533],{},"Negative indexes count from the end.",[20,153535,153536,153537,94],{},"If you need help creating tuples first, see ",[173,153538,153539],{"href":180},"how to create a tuple in Python",[134,153541,153543],{"id":153542},"what-tuple-indexing-means","What tuple indexing means",[20,153545,153546],{},"An index is the position of an item in a tuple.",[20,153548,153549],{},"Tuple indexing works because tuples are ordered. That means each item has a fixed position.",[20,153551,11071],{},[147,153553,153554,153557,153564,153567],{},[150,153555,153556],{},"An index tells Python which item you want",[150,153558,153559,153560,18576,153562],{},"Python starts counting at ",[15,153561,221],{},[15,153563,58],{},[150,153565,153566],{},"Indexing reads one item at a time",[150,153568,153569],{},"The tuple itself does not change when you read from it",[20,153571,515],{},[30,153573,153575],{"className":32,"code":153574,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[0])\nprint(numbers[1])\nprint(numbers[2])\n",[15,153576,153577,153597,153601,153615,153629],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153578,153579,153581,153583,153585,153587,153589,153591,153593,153595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153580,46],{"class":45},[39,153582,50],{"class":49},[39,153584,54],{"class":53},[39,153586,682],{"class":57},[39,153588,61],{"class":53},[39,153590,687],{"class":57},[39,153592,61],{"class":53},[39,153594,697],{"class":57},[39,153596,80],{"class":53},[39,153598,153599],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153600,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,153602,153603,153605,153607,153609,153611,153613],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153604,113],{"class":112},[39,153606,101],{"class":53},[39,153608,992],{"class":97},[39,153610,3525],{"class":53},[39,153612,221],{"class":57},[39,153614,3513],{"class":53},[39,153616,153617,153619,153621,153623,153625,153627],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,153618,113],{"class":112},[39,153620,101],{"class":53},[39,153622,992],{"class":97},[39,153624,3525],{"class":53},[39,153626,58],{"class":57},[39,153628,3513],{"class":53},[39,153630,153631,153633,153635,153637,153639,153641],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,153632,113],{"class":112},[39,153634,101],{"class":53},[39,153636,992],{"class":97},[39,153638,3525],{"class":53},[39,153640,104],{"class":57},[39,153642,3513],{"class":53},[20,153644,458],{},[30,153646,153648],{"className":32,"code":153647,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10\n20\n30\n",[15,153649,153650,153654,153658],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153651,153652],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153653,2000],{"class":57},[39,153655,153656],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153657,70814],{"class":57},[39,153659,153660],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153661,69431],{"class":57},[20,153663,58983,153664,94],{},[173,153665,176],{"href":175},[134,153667,153669],{"id":153668},"how-positive-indexes-work","How positive indexes work",[20,153671,153672],{},"Positive indexes count from the beginning of the tuple.",[147,153674,153675,153680,153685],{},[150,153676,153677,153679],{},[15,153678,221],{}," = first item",[150,153681,153682,153684],{},[15,153683,58],{}," = second item",[150,153686,153687,153689],{},[15,153688,104],{}," = third item",[20,153691,153692],{},"Pattern:",[30,153694,153696],{"className":32,"code":153695,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple_name[index]\n",[15,153697,153698],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153699,153700,153702,153704,153706],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153701,152193],{"class":45},[39,153703,3525],{"class":53},[39,153705,1431],{"class":45},[39,153707,3262],{"class":53},[20,153709,515],{},[30,153711,153713],{"className":32,"code":153712,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[0])  # apple\nprint(fruits[1])  # banana\nprint(fruits[2])  # cherry\n",[15,153714,153715,153747,153751,153768,153784],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153716,153717,153719,153721,153723,153725,153727,153729,153731,153733,153735,153737,153739,153741,153743,153745],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153718,368],{"class":45},[39,153720,50],{"class":49},[39,153722,54],{"class":53},[39,153724,244],{"class":243},[39,153726,377],{"class":247},[39,153728,244],{"class":243},[39,153730,61],{"class":53},[39,153732,255],{"class":243},[39,153734,386],{"class":247},[39,153736,244],{"class":243},[39,153738,61],{"class":53},[39,153740,255],{"class":243},[39,153742,3720],{"class":247},[39,153744,244],{"class":243},[39,153746,80],{"class":53},[39,153748,153749],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153750,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,153752,153753,153755,153757,153759,153761,153763,153765],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153754,113],{"class":112},[39,153756,101],{"class":53},[39,153758,35904],{"class":97},[39,153760,3525],{"class":53},[39,153762,221],{"class":57},[39,153764,20058],{"class":53},[39,153766,153767],{"class":124},"  # apple\n",[39,153769,153770,153772,153774,153776,153778,153780,153782],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,153771,113],{"class":112},[39,153773,101],{"class":53},[39,153775,35904],{"class":97},[39,153777,3525],{"class":53},[39,153779,58],{"class":57},[39,153781,20058],{"class":53},[39,153783,51088],{"class":124},[39,153785,153786,153788,153790,153792,153794,153796,153798],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,153787,113],{"class":112},[39,153789,101],{"class":53},[39,153791,35904],{"class":97},[39,153793,3525],{"class":53},[39,153795,104],{"class":57},[39,153797,20058],{"class":53},[39,153799,153800],{"class":124},"  # cherry\n",[20,153802,153803],{},"This is the most common way to access tuple items when you know the position from the start.",[134,153805,153807],{"id":153806},"how-negative-indexes-work","How negative indexes work",[20,153809,153810],{},"Negative indexes count from the end of the tuple.",[147,153812,153813,153818,153823],{},[150,153814,153815,153817],{},[15,153816,65445],{}," = last item",[150,153819,153820,153822],{},[15,153821,95000],{}," = second-to-last item",[150,153824,153825,153827],{},[15,153826,47276],{}," = third-to-last item",[20,153829,515],{},[30,153831,153833],{"className":32,"code":153832,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"cherry\")\n\nprint(fruits[-1])  # cherry\nprint(fruits[-2])  # banana\nprint(fruits[-3])  # apple\n",[15,153834,153835,153867,153871,153889,153907],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153836,153837,153839,153841,153843,153845,153847,153849,153851,153853,153855,153857,153859,153861,153863,153865],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153838,368],{"class":45},[39,153840,50],{"class":49},[39,153842,54],{"class":53},[39,153844,244],{"class":243},[39,153846,377],{"class":247},[39,153848,244],{"class":243},[39,153850,61],{"class":53},[39,153852,255],{"class":243},[39,153854,386],{"class":247},[39,153856,244],{"class":243},[39,153858,61],{"class":53},[39,153860,255],{"class":243},[39,153862,3720],{"class":247},[39,153864,244],{"class":243},[39,153866,80],{"class":53},[39,153868,153869],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153870,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,153872,153873,153875,153877,153879,153881,153883,153885,153887],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153874,113],{"class":112},[39,153876,101],{"class":53},[39,153878,35904],{"class":97},[39,153880,3525],{"class":53},[39,153882,1648],{"class":49},[39,153884,58],{"class":57},[39,153886,20058],{"class":53},[39,153888,153800],{"class":124},[39,153890,153891,153893,153895,153897,153899,153901,153903,153905],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,153892,113],{"class":112},[39,153894,101],{"class":53},[39,153896,35904],{"class":97},[39,153898,3525],{"class":53},[39,153900,1648],{"class":49},[39,153902,104],{"class":57},[39,153904,20058],{"class":53},[39,153906,51088],{"class":124},[39,153908,153909,153911,153913,153915,153917,153919,153921,153923],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,153910,113],{"class":112},[39,153912,101],{"class":53},[39,153914,35904],{"class":97},[39,153916,3525],{"class":53},[39,153918,1648],{"class":49},[39,153920,479],{"class":57},[39,153922,20058],{"class":53},[39,153924,153767],{"class":124},[20,153926,153927],{},"Negative indexing is useful when you need the last item but do not want to calculate its position manually.",[20,153929,153930],{},"This is especially helpful when the tuple size may change.",[134,153932,153934],{"id":153933},"example-with-a-simple-tuple","Example with a simple tuple",[20,153936,153937],{},"Here is a simple example that reads the first, middle, and last item from a tuple.",[30,153939,153941],{"className":32,"code":153940,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = (\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\")\n\nprint(names[0])   # first item\nprint(names[1])   # middle item\nprint(names[-1])  # last item\n",[15,153942,153943,153975,153979,153996,154013],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,153944,153945,153947,153949,153951,153953,153955,153957,153959,153961,153963,153965,153967,153969,153971,153973],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,153946,4618],{"class":45},[39,153948,50],{"class":49},[39,153950,54],{"class":53},[39,153952,244],{"class":243},[39,153954,12492],{"class":247},[39,153956,244],{"class":243},[39,153958,61],{"class":53},[39,153960,255],{"class":243},[39,153962,35555],{"class":247},[39,153964,244],{"class":243},[39,153966,61],{"class":53},[39,153968,255],{"class":243},[39,153970,35564],{"class":247},[39,153972,244],{"class":243},[39,153974,80],{"class":53},[39,153976,153977],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,153978,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,153980,153981,153983,153985,153987,153989,153991,153993],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,153982,113],{"class":112},[39,153984,101],{"class":53},[39,153986,4662],{"class":97},[39,153988,3525],{"class":53},[39,153990,221],{"class":57},[39,153992,20058],{"class":53},[39,153994,153995],{"class":124},"   # first item\n",[39,153997,153998,154000,154002,154004,154006,154008,154010],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,153999,113],{"class":112},[39,154001,101],{"class":53},[39,154003,4662],{"class":97},[39,154005,3525],{"class":53},[39,154007,58],{"class":57},[39,154009,20058],{"class":53},[39,154011,154012],{"class":124},"   # middle item\n",[39,154014,154015,154017,154019,154021,154023,154025,154027,154029],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,154016,113],{"class":112},[39,154018,101],{"class":53},[39,154020,4662],{"class":97},[39,154022,3525],{"class":53},[39,154024,1648],{"class":49},[39,154026,58],{"class":57},[39,154028,20058],{"class":53},[39,154030,154031],{"class":124},"  # last item\n",[20,154033,458],{},[30,154035,154037],{"className":32,"code":154036,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana\nBen\nCara\n",[15,154038,154039,154043,154048],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154040,154041],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154042,49646],{"class":45},[39,154044,154045],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154046,154047],{"class":45},"Ben\n",[39,154049,154050],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,154051,154052],{"class":45},"Cara\n",[20,154054,154055],{},"Notice that indexing only reads values. It does not modify the tuple.",[134,154057,154059],{"id":154058},"indexerror-when-the-position-does-not-exist","IndexError when the position does not exist",[20,154061,154062],{},"If you try to access an index that is outside the tuple length, Python raises an error.",[20,154064,515],{},[30,154066,154068],{"className":32,"code":154067,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(letters[5])\n",[15,154069,154070,154102,154106],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154071,154072,154074,154076,154078,154080,154082,154084,154086,154088,154090,154092,154094,154096,154098,154100],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154073,1053],{"class":45},[39,154075,50],{"class":49},[39,154077,54],{"class":53},[39,154079,244],{"class":243},[39,154081,173],{"class":247},[39,154083,244],{"class":243},[39,154085,61],{"class":53},[39,154087,255],{"class":243},[39,154089,1070],{"class":247},[39,154091,244],{"class":243},[39,154093,61],{"class":53},[39,154095,255],{"class":243},[39,154097,9352],{"class":247},[39,154099,244],{"class":243},[39,154101,80],{"class":53},[39,154103,154104],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154105,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,154107,154108,154110,154112,154114,154116,154118],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,154109,113],{"class":112},[39,154111,101],{"class":53},[39,154113,35757],{"class":97},[39,154115,3525],{"class":53},[39,154117,1376],{"class":57},[39,154119,3513],{"class":53},[20,154121,458],{},[30,154123,154125],{"className":32,"code":154124,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Traceback (most recent call last):\n  ...\nIndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154126,154127,154139,154144],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154128,154129,154132,154134,154137],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154130,154131],{"class":97},"Traceback ",[39,154133,101],{"class":53},[39,154135,154136],{"class":97},"most recent call last",[39,154138,7958],{"class":53},[39,154140,154141],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154142,154143],{"class":34067},"  ...\n",[39,154145,154146,154148,154150,154152,154155],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,154147,70321],{"class":2523},[39,154149,145],{"class":53},[39,154151,148804],{"class":2523},[39,154153,154154],{"class":45}," index out of ",[39,154156,70513],{"class":112},[20,154158,154159],{},"This happens because the tuple has only 3 items, so valid positive indexes are:",[147,154161,154162,154166,154170],{},[150,154163,154164],{},[15,154165,221],{},[150,154167,154168],{},[15,154169,58],{},[150,154171,154172],{},[15,154173,104],{},[20,154175,154176,154177,94],{},"One simple way to avoid this is to check the length first with ",[173,154178,154179,154181],{"href":1538},[15,154180,1542],{}," on a tuple",[30,154183,154185],{"className":32,"code":154184,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nprint(len(letters))  # 3\n\nif len(letters) > 2:\n    print(letters[2])\n",[15,154186,154187,154219,154223,154239,154243,154261],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154188,154189,154191,154193,154195,154197,154199,154201,154203,154205,154207,154209,154211,154213,154215,154217],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154190,1053],{"class":45},[39,154192,50],{"class":49},[39,154194,54],{"class":53},[39,154196,244],{"class":243},[39,154198,173],{"class":247},[39,154200,244],{"class":243},[39,154202,61],{"class":53},[39,154204,255],{"class":243},[39,154206,1070],{"class":247},[39,154208,244],{"class":243},[39,154210,61],{"class":53},[39,154212,255],{"class":243},[39,154214,9352],{"class":247},[39,154216,244],{"class":243},[39,154218,80],{"class":53},[39,154220,154221],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154222,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,154224,154225,154227,154229,154231,154233,154235,154237],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,154226,113],{"class":112},[39,154228,101],{"class":53},[39,154230,10775],{"class":112},[39,154232,101],{"class":53},[39,154234,35757],{"class":97},[39,154236,303],{"class":53},[39,154238,125],{"class":124},[39,154240,154241],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,154242,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,154244,154245,154247,154249,154251,154253,154255,154257,154259],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,154246,511],{"class":572},[39,154248,37997],{"class":112},[39,154250,101],{"class":53},[39,154252,35757],{"class":97},[39,154254,121],{"class":53},[39,154256,592],{"class":49},[39,154258,64],{"class":57},[39,154260,598],{"class":53},[39,154262,154263,154265,154267,154269,154271,154273],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,154264,603],{"class":112},[39,154266,101],{"class":53},[39,154268,35757],{"class":97},[39,154270,3525],{"class":53},[39,154272,104],{"class":57},[39,154274,3513],{"class":53},[20,154276,154277,154278,94],{},"If you are dealing with this error now, see ",[173,154279,25291,154281],{"href":154280},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix\u002F",[15,154282,154283],{},"IndexError: tuple index out of range",[134,154285,154287],{"id":154286},"tuple-indexing-vs-tuple-slicing","Tuple indexing vs tuple slicing",[20,154289,154290],{},"Indexing and slicing are related, but they are not the same.",[147,154292,154293,154295],{},[150,154294,76465],{},[150,154296,154297],{},"Slicing gets a range of items",[20,154299,154300],{},"Indexing example:",[30,154302,154304],{"className":32,"code":154303,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1])\n",[15,154305,154306,154330,154334],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154307,154308,154310,154312,154314,154316,154318,154320,154322,154324,154326,154328],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154309,46],{"class":45},[39,154311,50],{"class":49},[39,154313,54],{"class":53},[39,154315,682],{"class":57},[39,154317,61],{"class":53},[39,154319,687],{"class":57},[39,154321,61],{"class":53},[39,154323,697],{"class":57},[39,154325,61],{"class":53},[39,154327,50449],{"class":57},[39,154329,80],{"class":53},[39,154331,154332],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154333,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,154335,154336,154338,154340,154342,154344,154346],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,154337,113],{"class":112},[39,154339,101],{"class":53},[39,154341,992],{"class":97},[39,154343,3525],{"class":53},[39,154345,58],{"class":57},[39,154347,3513],{"class":53},[20,154349,458],{},[30,154351,154352],{"className":32,"code":70814,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,154353,154354],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154355,154356],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154357,70814],{"class":57},[20,154359,154360],{},"Slicing example:",[30,154362,154364],{"className":32,"code":154363,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nprint(numbers[1:3])\n",[15,154365,154366,154390,154394],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154367,154368,154370,154372,154374,154376,154378,154380,154382,154384,154386,154388],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154369,46],{"class":45},[39,154371,50],{"class":49},[39,154373,54],{"class":53},[39,154375,682],{"class":57},[39,154377,61],{"class":53},[39,154379,687],{"class":57},[39,154381,61],{"class":53},[39,154383,697],{"class":57},[39,154385,61],{"class":53},[39,154387,50449],{"class":57},[39,154389,80],{"class":53},[39,154391,154392],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154393,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,154395,154396,154398,154400,154402,154404,154406,154408,154410],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,154397,113],{"class":112},[39,154399,101],{"class":53},[39,154401,992],{"class":97},[39,154403,3525],{"class":53},[39,154405,58],{"class":57},[39,154407,145],{"class":53},[39,154409,479],{"class":57},[39,154411,3513],{"class":53},[20,154413,458],{},[30,154415,154417],{"className":32,"code":154416,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 30)\n",[15,154418,154419],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154420,154421,154423,154425,154427,154429],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154422,101],{"class":53},[39,154424,15366],{"class":57},[39,154426,61],{"class":53},[39,154428,697],{"class":57},[39,154430,80],{"class":53},[20,154432,154433,154434,94],{},"This page focuses on getting one item by position. If you want to get multiple items, see ",[173,154435,150355],{"href":150354},[134,154437,154439],{"id":154438},"important-beginner-note-about-tuples","Important beginner note about tuples",[20,154441,154442],{},"You can read tuple items by index, but you cannot change them by index.",[20,154444,154445],{},"Tuples are immutable. That means their values cannot be changed after creation.",[20,154447,6304],{},[30,154449,154451],{"className":32,"code":154450,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(colors[1])\n",[15,154452,154453,154485],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154454,154455,154457,154459,154461,154463,154465,154467,154469,154471,154473,154475,154477,154479,154481,154483],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154456,236],{"class":45},[39,154458,50],{"class":49},[39,154460,54],{"class":53},[39,154462,244],{"class":243},[39,154464,248],{"class":247},[39,154466,244],{"class":243},[39,154468,61],{"class":53},[39,154470,255],{"class":243},[39,154472,275],{"class":247},[39,154474,244],{"class":243},[39,154476,61],{"class":53},[39,154478,255],{"class":243},[39,154480,258],{"class":247},[39,154482,244],{"class":243},[39,154484,80],{"class":53},[39,154486,154487,154489,154491,154493,154495,154497],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154488,113],{"class":112},[39,154490,101],{"class":53},[39,154492,288],{"class":97},[39,154494,3525],{"class":53},[39,154496,58],{"class":57},[39,154498,3513],{"class":53},[20,154500,154501],{},"But this does not work:",[30,154503,154505],{"className":32,"code":154504,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\ncolors[1] = \"yellow\"\n",[15,154506,154507,154539],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154508,154509,154511,154513,154515,154517,154519,154521,154523,154525,154527,154529,154531,154533,154535,154537],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154510,236],{"class":45},[39,154512,50],{"class":49},[39,154514,54],{"class":53},[39,154516,244],{"class":243},[39,154518,248],{"class":247},[39,154520,244],{"class":243},[39,154522,61],{"class":53},[39,154524,255],{"class":243},[39,154526,275],{"class":247},[39,154528,244],{"class":243},[39,154530,61],{"class":53},[39,154532,255],{"class":243},[39,154534,258],{"class":247},[39,154536,244],{"class":243},[39,154538,80],{"class":53},[39,154540,154541,154543,154545,154547,154549,154551,154553,154555],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154542,288],{"class":45},[39,154544,3525],{"class":53},[39,154546,58],{"class":57},[39,154548,12883],{"class":53},[39,154550,12886],{"class":49},[39,154552,255],{"class":243},[39,154554,325],{"class":247},[39,154556,2983],{"class":243},[20,154558,154559],{},"Python will raise an error because tuple items cannot be reassigned.",[20,154561,154562],{},"If you need a collection where items can be changed, use a list instead.",[134,154564,944],{"id":943},[20,154566,154567],{},"Here are some common beginner mistakes with tuple indexing:",[147,154569,154570,154576,154579,154582],{},[150,154571,132301,154572,10705,154574],{},[15,154573,58],{},[15,154575,221],{},[150,154577,154578],{},"Using an index that is too large",[150,154580,154581],{},"Confusing negative indexes with subtraction",[150,154583,154584,154585],{},"Trying to assign a new value to ",[15,154586,154587],{},"tuple[index]",[20,154589,61886],{},[30,154591,154593],{"className":32,"code":154592,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nprint(my_tuple[0])\nprint(my_tuple[-1])\nprint(type(my_tuple))\n",[15,154594,154595,154605,154619,154633,154649],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154596,154597,154599,154601,154603],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154598,113],{"class":112},[39,154600,101],{"class":53},[39,154602,195],{"class":97},[39,154604,80],{"class":53},[39,154606,154607,154609,154611,154613,154615,154617],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154608,113],{"class":112},[39,154610,101],{"class":53},[39,154612,10775],{"class":112},[39,154614,101],{"class":53},[39,154616,195],{"class":97},[39,154618,1026],{"class":53},[39,154620,154621,154623,154625,154627,154629,154631],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,154622,113],{"class":112},[39,154624,101],{"class":53},[39,154626,195],{"class":97},[39,154628,3525],{"class":53},[39,154630,221],{"class":57},[39,154632,3513],{"class":53},[39,154634,154635,154637,154639,154641,154643,154645,154647],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,154636,113],{"class":112},[39,154638,101],{"class":53},[39,154640,195],{"class":97},[39,154642,3525],{"class":53},[39,154644,1648],{"class":49},[39,154646,58],{"class":57},[39,154648,3513],{"class":53},[39,154650,154651,154653,154655,154657,154659,154661],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,154652,113],{"class":112},[39,154654,101],{"class":53},[39,154656,2845],{"class":2523},[39,154658,101],{"class":53},[39,154660,195],{"class":97},[39,154662,1026],{"class":53},[20,154664,154665],{},"These can help you confirm:",[147,154667,154668,154671,154673,154676],{},[150,154669,154670],{},"what the tuple contains",[150,154672,60375],{},[150,154674,154675],{},"what the first and last items are",[150,154677,154678],{},"whether the variable is really a tuple",[134,154680,1454],{"id":1453},[223,154682,154684],{"id":154683},"does-tuple-indexing-start-at-0","Does tuple indexing start at 0?",[20,154686,154687,154688,94],{},"Yes. The first item is at index ",[15,154689,221],{},[223,154691,154693],{"id":154692},"how-do-i-get-the-last-item-in-a-tuple","How do I get the last item in a tuple?",[20,154695,128,154696,154698],{},[15,154697,65445],{}," as the index:",[30,154700,154702],{"className":32,"code":154701,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_tuple[-1]\n",[15,154703,154704],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154705,154706,154708,154710,154712,154714],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154707,195],{"class":45},[39,154709,3525],{"class":53},[39,154711,1648],{"class":49},[39,154713,58],{"class":57},[39,154715,3262],{"class":53},[223,154717,154719],{"id":154718},"what-happens-if-i-use-an-invalid-index","What happens if I use an invalid index?",[20,154721,154722],{},"Python raises:",[30,154724,154726],{"className":32,"code":154725,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"IndexError: tuple index out of range\n",[15,154727,154728],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154729,154730,154732,154734,154736,154738],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154731,70321],{"class":2523},[39,154733,145],{"class":53},[39,154735,148804],{"class":2523},[39,154737,154154],{"class":45},[39,154739,70513],{"class":112},[223,154741,154743],{"id":154742},"can-i-change-a-tuple-item-using-its-index","Can I change a tuple item using its index?",[20,154745,154746],{},"No. Tuples are immutable, so indexed assignment is not allowed.",[134,154748,1514],{"id":1513},[147,154750,154751,154756,154760,154764,154770],{},[150,154752,154753],{},[173,154754,154755],{"href":180},"How to create a tuple in Python",[150,154757,154758],{},[173,154759,150355],{"href":150354},[150,154761,154762],{},[173,154763,150360],{"href":1538},[150,154765,154766],{},[173,154767,25734,154768],{"href":154280},[15,154769,154283],{},[150,154771,154772],{},[173,154773,176],{"href":175},[1550,154775,154776],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .s_hVV, html code.shiki .s_hVV{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":154778},[154779,154780,154781,154782,154783,154784,154785,154786,154787,154788,154794],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":153542,"depth":83,"text":153543},{"id":153668,"depth":83,"text":153669},{"id":153806,"depth":83,"text":153807},{"id":153933,"depth":83,"text":153934},{"id":154058,"depth":83,"text":154059},{"id":154286,"depth":83,"text":154287},{"id":154438,"depth":83,"text":154439},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":154789},[154790,154791,154792,154793],{"id":154683,"depth":109,"text":154684},{"id":154692,"depth":109,"text":154693},{"id":154718,"depth":109,"text":154719},{"id":154742,"depth":109,"text":154743},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python tuple indexing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":153399,"description":154795},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-indexing-explained","oh8flZok-CuLGMVXExWuVV18PBZcnk3hpgYpNXAAb9g",{"id":154801,"title":154802,"body":154803,"description":156692,"extension":1587,"meta":156693,"navigation":420,"path":156694,"seo":156695,"stem":156696,"__hash__":156697},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len.md","Python Tuple Length (len)",{"type":7,"value":154804,"toc":156649},[154805,154811,154816,154867,154871,154879,154885,154887,154903,154905,154908,154923,154925,154938,154940,154997,155001,155009,155016,155022,155028,155032,155083,155087,155095,155099,155128,155132,155140,155144,155177,155181,155189,155193,155196,155247,155251,155259,155261,155278,155282,155286,155345,155349,155357,155360,155387,155391,155399,155403,155409,155484,155488,155525,155533,155537,155600,155604,155612,155617,155621,155627,155670,155674,155682,155688,155691,155738,155742,155750,155759,155765,155820,155824,155832,155835,155839,155841,155872,155876,155895,155898,155943,155947,155970,155976,155981,155983,156030,156035,156038,156086,156090,156098,156102,156107,156111,156161,156165,156180,156184,156242,156246,156261,156265,156336,156340,156349,156353,156432,156436,156458,156466,156468,156471,156496,156498,156551,156553,156570,156572,156576,156582,156587,156592,156596,156601,156605,156610,156616,156619,156621,156646],[10,154806,154808,154809,121],{"id":154807},"python-tuple-length-len","Python Tuple Length (",[15,154810,10775],{},[20,154812,128,154813,154815],{},[15,154814,1542],{}," to get the number of items in a tuple.",[30,154817,154819],{"className":32,"code":154818,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,154820,154821,154853],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154822,154823,154825,154827,154829,154831,154833,154835,154837,154839,154841,154843,154845,154847,154849,154851],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154824,236],{"class":45},[39,154826,50],{"class":49},[39,154828,54],{"class":53},[39,154830,244],{"class":243},[39,154832,248],{"class":247},[39,154834,244],{"class":243},[39,154836,61],{"class":53},[39,154838,255],{"class":243},[39,154840,275],{"class":247},[39,154842,244],{"class":243},[39,154844,61],{"class":53},[39,154846,255],{"class":243},[39,154848,258],{"class":247},[39,154850,244],{"class":243},[39,154852,80],{"class":53},[39,154854,154855,154857,154859,154861,154863,154865],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154856,113],{"class":112},[39,154858,101],{"class":53},[39,154860,10775],{"class":112},[39,154862,101],{"class":53},[39,154864,288],{"class":97},[39,154866,1026],{"class":53},[20,154868,154869],{},[3367,154870,458],{},[30,154872,154873],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,154874,154875],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154876,154877],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154878,461],{"class":57},[20,154880,128,154881,154884],{},[15,154882,154883],{},"len(tuple_name)"," to count how many items are in a tuple.",[134,154886,14774],{"id":14773},[147,154888,154889,154894,154898,154901],{},[150,154890,3821,154891,154893],{},[15,154892,1542],{}," works with tuples",[150,154895,67849,154896,11317],{},[15,154897,1542],{},[150,154899,154900],{},"Simple examples with empty and non-empty tuples",[150,154902,4141],{},[134,154904,1781],{"id":1780},[20,154906,154907],{},"Use this pattern:",[30,154909,154911],{"className":32,"code":154910,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"len(my_tuple)\n",[15,154912,154913],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154914,154915,154917,154919,154921],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154916,10775],{"class":112},[39,154918,101],{"class":53},[39,154920,195],{"class":97},[39,154922,80],{"class":53},[20,154924,11071],{},[147,154926,154927,154930,154933],{},[150,154928,154929],{},"Pass the tuple inside the parentheses",[150,154931,154932],{},"The result is an integer",[150,154934,154935,154937],{},[15,154936,1542],{}," does not change the tuple",[20,154939,515],{},[30,154941,154943],{"className":32,"code":154942,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\ncount = len(numbers)\n\nprint(count)\n",[15,154944,154945,154969,154983,154987],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,154946,154947,154949,154951,154953,154955,154957,154959,154961,154963,154965,154967],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,154948,46],{"class":45},[39,154950,50],{"class":49},[39,154952,54],{"class":53},[39,154954,682],{"class":57},[39,154956,61],{"class":53},[39,154958,687],{"class":57},[39,154960,61],{"class":53},[39,154962,697],{"class":57},[39,154964,61],{"class":53},[39,154966,50449],{"class":57},[39,154968,80],{"class":53},[39,154970,154971,154973,154975,154977,154979,154981],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,154972,40851],{"class":45},[39,154974,50],{"class":49},[39,154976,37997],{"class":112},[39,154978,101],{"class":53},[39,154980,992],{"class":97},[39,154982,80],{"class":53},[39,154984,154985],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,154986,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,154988,154989,154991,154993,154995],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,154990,113],{"class":112},[39,154992,101],{"class":53},[39,154994,98],{"class":97},[39,154996,80],{"class":53},[20,154998,154999],{},[3367,155000,458],{},[30,155002,155003],{"className":32,"code":48256,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155004,155005],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155006,155007],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155008,48256],{"class":57},[20,155010,155011,155012,94],{},"If you want a broader explanation of this built-in function, see ",[173,155013,3202,155014,3135],{"href":41966},[15,155015,1542],{},[134,155017,137,155019,155021],{"id":155018},"what-len-returns-for-a-tuple",[15,155020,1542],{}," returns for a tuple",[20,155023,155024,155025,155027],{},"For a tuple, ",[15,155026,1542],{}," returns the number of items in the tuple.",[223,155029,155031],{"id":155030},"regular-tuple","Regular tuple",[30,155033,155035],{"className":32,"code":155034,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"fruits = (\"apple\", \"banana\", \"orange\")\nprint(len(fruits))\n",[15,155036,155037,155069],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155038,155039,155041,155043,155045,155047,155049,155051,155053,155055,155057,155059,155061,155063,155065,155067],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155040,368],{"class":45},[39,155042,50],{"class":49},[39,155044,54],{"class":53},[39,155046,244],{"class":243},[39,155048,377],{"class":247},[39,155050,244],{"class":243},[39,155052,61],{"class":53},[39,155054,255],{"class":243},[39,155056,386],{"class":247},[39,155058,244],{"class":243},[39,155060,61],{"class":53},[39,155062,255],{"class":243},[39,155064,403],{"class":247},[39,155066,244],{"class":243},[39,155068,80],{"class":53},[39,155070,155071,155073,155075,155077,155079,155081],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155072,113],{"class":112},[39,155074,101],{"class":53},[39,155076,10775],{"class":112},[39,155078,101],{"class":53},[39,155080,35904],{"class":97},[39,155082,1026],{"class":53},[20,155084,155085],{},[3367,155086,458],{},[30,155088,155089],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155090,155091],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155092,155093],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155094,461],{"class":57},[223,155096,155098],{"id":155097},"empty-tuple","Empty tuple",[30,155100,155102],{"className":32,"code":155101,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"empty_tuple = ()\nprint(len(empty_tuple))\n",[15,155103,155104,155113],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155105,155106,155109,155111],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155107,155108],{"class":45},"empty_tuple ",[39,155110,50],{"class":49},[39,155112,148780],{"class":53},[39,155114,155115,155117,155119,155121,155123,155126],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155116,113],{"class":112},[39,155118,101],{"class":53},[39,155120,10775],{"class":112},[39,155122,101],{"class":53},[39,155124,155125],{"class":97},"empty_tuple",[39,155127,1026],{"class":53},[20,155129,155130],{},[3367,155131,458],{},[30,155133,155134],{"className":32,"code":46857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155135,155136],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155137,155138],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155139,46857],{"class":57},[223,155141,155143],{"id":155142},"one-item-tuple","One-item tuple",[30,155145,155147],{"className":32,"code":155146,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"single_value = (5,)\nprint(len(single_value))\n",[15,155148,155149,155162],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155150,155151,155154,155156,155158,155160],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155152,155153],{"class":45},"single_value ",[39,155155,50],{"class":49},[39,155157,54],{"class":53},[39,155159,1376],{"class":57},[39,155161,148794],{"class":53},[39,155163,155164,155166,155168,155170,155172,155175],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155165,113],{"class":112},[39,155167,101],{"class":53},[39,155169,10775],{"class":112},[39,155171,101],{"class":53},[39,155173,155174],{"class":97},"single_value",[39,155176,1026],{"class":53},[20,155178,155179],{},[3367,155180,458],{},[30,155182,155183],{"className":32,"code":46522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155184,155185],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155186,155187],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155188,46522],{"class":57},[223,155190,155192],{"id":155191},"nested-items","Nested items",[20,155194,155195],{},"Nested values still count as one top-level item each.",[30,155197,155199],{"className":32,"code":155198,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"data = (1, (2, 3), [4, 5])\nprint(len(data))\n",[15,155200,155201,155233],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155202,155203,155205,155207,155209,155211,155213,155215,155217,155219,155221,155223,155225,155227,155229,155231],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155204,8778],{"class":45},[39,155206,50],{"class":49},[39,155208,54],{"class":53},[39,155210,58],{"class":57},[39,155212,61],{"class":53},[39,155214,54],{"class":53},[39,155216,104],{"class":57},[39,155218,61],{"class":53},[39,155220,73],{"class":57},[39,155222,8846],{"class":53},[39,155224,3249],{"class":53},[39,155226,1333],{"class":57},[39,155228,61],{"class":53},[39,155230,4228],{"class":57},[39,155232,3513],{"class":53},[39,155234,155235,155237,155239,155241,155243,155245],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155236,113],{"class":112},[39,155238,101],{"class":53},[39,155240,10775],{"class":112},[39,155242,101],{"class":53},[39,155244,8817],{"class":97},[39,155246,1026],{"class":53},[20,155248,155249],{},[3367,155250,458],{},[30,155252,155253],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155254,155255],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155256,155257],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155258,461],{"class":57},[20,155260,335],{},[147,155262,155263,155268,155273],{},[150,155264,155265,155267],{},[15,155266,58],{}," is one item",[150,155269,155270,155267],{},[15,155271,155272],{},"(2, 3)",[150,155274,155275,155267],{},[15,155276,155277],{},"[4, 5]",[134,155279,155281],{"id":155280},"important-tuple-examples","Important tuple examples",[223,155283,155285],{"id":155284},"regular-tuple-with-several-values","Regular tuple with several values",[30,155287,155289],{"className":32,"code":155288,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"colors = (\"red\", \"green\", \"blue\", \"yellow\")\nprint(len(colors))\n",[15,155290,155291,155331],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155292,155293,155295,155297,155299,155301,155303,155305,155307,155309,155311,155313,155315,155317,155319,155321,155323,155325,155327,155329],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155294,236],{"class":45},[39,155296,50],{"class":49},[39,155298,54],{"class":53},[39,155300,244],{"class":243},[39,155302,248],{"class":247},[39,155304,244],{"class":243},[39,155306,61],{"class":53},[39,155308,255],{"class":243},[39,155310,275],{"class":247},[39,155312,244],{"class":243},[39,155314,61],{"class":53},[39,155316,255],{"class":243},[39,155318,258],{"class":247},[39,155320,244],{"class":243},[39,155322,61],{"class":53},[39,155324,255],{"class":243},[39,155326,325],{"class":247},[39,155328,244],{"class":243},[39,155330,80],{"class":53},[39,155332,155333,155335,155337,155339,155341,155343],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155334,113],{"class":112},[39,155336,101],{"class":53},[39,155338,10775],{"class":112},[39,155340,101],{"class":53},[39,155342,288],{"class":97},[39,155344,1026],{"class":53},[20,155346,155347],{},[3367,155348,458],{},[30,155350,155351],{"className":32,"code":48256,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155352,155353],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155354,155355],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155356,48256],{"class":57},[223,155358,155098],{"id":155359},"empty-tuple-1",[30,155361,155363],{"className":32,"code":155362,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = ()\nprint(len(items))\n",[15,155364,155365,155373],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155366,155367,155369,155371],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155368,7397],{"class":45},[39,155370,50],{"class":49},[39,155372,148780],{"class":53},[39,155374,155375,155377,155379,155381,155383,155385],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155376,113],{"class":112},[39,155378,101],{"class":53},[39,155380,10775],{"class":112},[39,155382,101],{"class":53},[39,155384,7426],{"class":97},[39,155386,1026],{"class":53},[20,155388,155389],{},[3367,155390,458],{},[30,155392,155393],{"className":32,"code":46857,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155394,155395],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155396,155397],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155398,46857],{"class":57},[223,155400,155402],{"id":155401},"single-item-tuple-with-trailing-comma","Single-item tuple with trailing comma",[20,155404,155405,155406,155408],{},"A single value in parentheses is ",[3367,155407,4254],{}," always a tuple.",[30,155410,155412],{"className":32,"code":155411,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"a = (5)\nb = (5,)\n\nprint(type(a))\nprint(type(b))\nprint(len(b))\n",[15,155413,155414,155426,155438,155442,155456,155470],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155415,155416,155418,155420,155422,155424],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155417,2176],{"class":45},[39,155419,50],{"class":49},[39,155421,54],{"class":53},[39,155423,1376],{"class":57},[39,155425,80],{"class":53},[39,155427,155428,155430,155432,155434,155436],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155429,2204],{"class":45},[39,155431,50],{"class":49},[39,155433,54],{"class":53},[39,155435,1376],{"class":57},[39,155437,148794],{"class":53},[39,155439,155440],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,155441,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,155443,155444,155446,155448,155450,155452,155454],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,155445,113],{"class":112},[39,155447,101],{"class":53},[39,155449,2845],{"class":2523},[39,155451,101],{"class":53},[39,155453,173],{"class":97},[39,155455,1026],{"class":53},[39,155457,155458,155460,155462,155464,155466,155468],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,155459,113],{"class":112},[39,155461,101],{"class":53},[39,155463,2845],{"class":2523},[39,155465,101],{"class":53},[39,155467,1070],{"class":97},[39,155469,1026],{"class":53},[39,155471,155472,155474,155476,155478,155480,155482],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,155473,113],{"class":112},[39,155475,101],{"class":53},[39,155477,10775],{"class":112},[39,155479,101],{"class":53},[39,155481,1070],{"class":97},[39,155483,1026],{"class":53},[20,155485,155486],{},[3367,155487,458],{},[30,155489,155491],{"className":32,"code":155490,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155492,155493,155507,155521],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155494,155495,155497,155499,155501,155503,155505],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155496,2914],{"class":49},[39,155498,2917],{"class":1689},[39,155500,2920],{"class":243},[39,155502,1813],{"class":247},[39,155504,629],{"class":243},[39,155506,2927],{"class":49},[39,155508,155509,155511,155513,155515,155517,155519],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155510,2914],{"class":49},[39,155512,2917],{"class":1689},[39,155514,2920],{"class":243},[39,155516,48559],{"class":247},[39,155518,629],{"class":243},[39,155520,2927],{"class":49},[39,155522,155523],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,155524,46522],{"class":57},[20,155526,155527,155528,796,155531,94],{},"If you are new to tuple syntax, see ",[173,155529,155530],{"href":180},"Python tuple: creating a tuple",[173,155532,148742],{"href":148741},[223,155534,155536],{"id":155535},"tuple-containing-lists-or-other-tuples","Tuple containing lists or other tuples",[30,155538,155540],{"className":32,"code":155539,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"mixed = (\"apple\", [1, 2], (\"x\", \"y\"))\nprint(len(mixed))\n",[15,155541,155542,155586],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155543,155544,155546,155548,155550,155552,155554,155556,155558,155560,155562,155564,155566,155568,155570,155572,155574,155576,155578,155580,155582,155584],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155545,59063],{"class":45},[39,155547,50],{"class":49},[39,155549,54],{"class":53},[39,155551,244],{"class":243},[39,155553,377],{"class":247},[39,155555,244],{"class":243},[39,155557,61],{"class":53},[39,155559,3249],{"class":53},[39,155561,58],{"class":57},[39,155563,61],{"class":53},[39,155565,64],{"class":57},[39,155567,17674],{"class":53},[39,155569,54],{"class":53},[39,155571,244],{"class":243},[39,155573,1798],{"class":247},[39,155575,244],{"class":243},[39,155577,61],{"class":53},[39,155579,255],{"class":243},[39,155581,11357],{"class":247},[39,155583,244],{"class":243},[39,155585,1026],{"class":53},[39,155587,155588,155590,155592,155594,155596,155598],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155589,113],{"class":112},[39,155591,101],{"class":53},[39,155593,10775],{"class":112},[39,155595,101],{"class":53},[39,155597,59116],{"class":97},[39,155599,1026],{"class":53},[20,155601,155602],{},[3367,155603,458],{},[30,155605,155606],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155607,155608],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155609,155610],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155611,461],{"class":57},[20,155613,155614,155616],{},[15,155615,1542],{}," counts the outer tuple's items only.",[134,155618,155620],{"id":155619},"things-beginners-often-misunderstand","Things beginners often misunderstand",[223,155622,155624,155626],{"id":155623},"len-counts-items-not-characters-inside-strings",[15,155625,1542],{}," counts items, not characters inside strings",[30,155628,155630],{"className":32,"code":155629,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words))\n",[15,155631,155632,155656],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155633,155634,155636,155638,155640,155642,155644,155646,155648,155650,155652,155654],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155635,1191],{"class":45},[39,155637,50],{"class":49},[39,155639,54],{"class":53},[39,155641,244],{"class":243},[39,155643,63187],{"class":247},[39,155645,244],{"class":243},[39,155647,61],{"class":53},[39,155649,255],{"class":243},[39,155651,34],{"class":247},[39,155653,244],{"class":243},[39,155655,80],{"class":53},[39,155657,155658,155660,155662,155664,155666,155668],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155659,113],{"class":112},[39,155661,101],{"class":53},[39,155663,10775],{"class":112},[39,155665,101],{"class":53},[39,155667,1229],{"class":97},[39,155669,1026],{"class":53},[20,155671,155672],{},[3367,155673,458],{},[30,155675,155676],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155677,155678],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155679,155680],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155681,16669],{"class":57},[20,155683,155684,155685,155687],{},"This result is ",[15,155686,104],{}," because the tuple has two items.",[20,155689,155690],{},"If you check the length of one string item, that is different:",[30,155692,155694],{"className":32,"code":155693,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"words = (\"hi\", \"python\")\nprint(len(words[0]))\n",[15,155695,155696,155720],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155697,155698,155700,155702,155704,155706,155708,155710,155712,155714,155716,155718],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155699,1191],{"class":45},[39,155701,50],{"class":49},[39,155703,54],{"class":53},[39,155705,244],{"class":243},[39,155707,63187],{"class":247},[39,155709,244],{"class":243},[39,155711,61],{"class":53},[39,155713,255],{"class":243},[39,155715,34],{"class":247},[39,155717,244],{"class":243},[39,155719,80],{"class":53},[39,155721,155722,155724,155726,155728,155730,155732,155734,155736],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155723,113],{"class":112},[39,155725,101],{"class":53},[39,155727,10775],{"class":112},[39,155729,101],{"class":53},[39,155731,1229],{"class":97},[39,155733,3525],{"class":53},[39,155735,221],{"class":57},[39,155737,2621],{"class":53},[20,155739,155740],{},[3367,155741,458],{},[30,155743,155744],{"className":32,"code":16669,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155745,155746],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155747,155748],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155749,16669],{"class":57},[20,155751,20383,155752,155755,155756,94],{},[15,155753,155754],{},"len(words[0])"," counts the characters in ",[15,155757,155758],{},"\"hi\"",[223,155760,155762,155764],{"id":155761},"len-counts-top-level-tuple-elements-only",[15,155763,1542],{}," counts top-level tuple elements only",[30,155766,155768],{"className":32,"code":155767,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"values = ((1, 2), (3, 4), (5, 6))\nprint(len(values))\n",[15,155769,155770,155806],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155771,155772,155774,155776,155778,155780,155782,155784,155786,155788,155790,155792,155794,155796,155798,155800,155802,155804],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155773,812],{"class":45},[39,155775,50],{"class":49},[39,155777,9607],{"class":53},[39,155779,58],{"class":57},[39,155781,61],{"class":53},[39,155783,64],{"class":57},[39,155785,8846],{"class":53},[39,155787,54],{"class":53},[39,155789,479],{"class":57},[39,155791,61],{"class":53},[39,155793,2080],{"class":57},[39,155795,8846],{"class":53},[39,155797,54],{"class":53},[39,155799,1376],{"class":57},[39,155801,61],{"class":53},[39,155803,37256],{"class":57},[39,155805,1026],{"class":53},[39,155807,155808,155810,155812,155814,155816,155818],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155809,113],{"class":112},[39,155811,101],{"class":53},[39,155813,10775],{"class":112},[39,155815,101],{"class":53},[39,155817,856],{"class":97},[39,155819,1026],{"class":53},[20,155821,155822],{},[3367,155823,458],{},[30,155825,155826],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,155827,155828],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155829,155830],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155831,461],{"class":57},[20,155833,155834],{},"The outer tuple contains three items.",[223,155836,155838],{"id":155837},"parentheses-alone-do-not-always-create-a-one-item-tuple","Parentheses alone do not always create a one-item tuple",[20,155840,25302],{},[30,155842,155844],{"className":32,"code":155843,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = (10)\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,155845,155846,155858],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155847,155848,155850,155852,155854,155856],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155849,2070],{"class":45},[39,155851,50],{"class":49},[39,155853,54],{"class":53},[39,155855,682],{"class":57},[39,155857,80],{"class":53},[39,155859,155860,155862,155864,155866,155868,155870],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155861,113],{"class":112},[39,155863,101],{"class":53},[39,155865,2845],{"class":2523},[39,155867,101],{"class":53},[39,155869,155],{"class":97},[39,155871,1026],{"class":53},[20,155873,155874],{},[3367,155875,458],{},[30,155877,155879],{"className":32,"code":155878,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\n",[15,155880,155881],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155882,155883,155885,155887,155889,155891,155893],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155884,2914],{"class":49},[39,155886,2917],{"class":1689},[39,155888,2920],{"class":243},[39,155890,1813],{"class":247},[39,155892,629],{"class":243},[39,155894,2927],{"class":49},[20,155896,155897],{},"To make a one-item tuple, add a comma:",[30,155899,155901],{"className":32,"code":155900,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = (10,)\nprint(type(value))\nprint(len(value))\n",[15,155902,155903,155915,155929],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155904,155905,155907,155909,155911,155913],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155906,2070],{"class":45},[39,155908,50],{"class":49},[39,155910,54],{"class":53},[39,155912,682],{"class":57},[39,155914,148794],{"class":53},[39,155916,155917,155919,155921,155923,155925,155927],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155918,113],{"class":112},[39,155920,101],{"class":53},[39,155922,2845],{"class":2523},[39,155924,101],{"class":53},[39,155926,155],{"class":97},[39,155928,1026],{"class":53},[39,155930,155931,155933,155935,155937,155939,155941],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,155932,113],{"class":112},[39,155934,101],{"class":53},[39,155936,10775],{"class":112},[39,155938,101],{"class":53},[39,155940,155],{"class":97},[39,155942,1026],{"class":53},[20,155944,155945],{},[3367,155946,458],{},[30,155948,155950],{"className":32,"code":155949,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n1\n",[15,155951,155952,155966],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155953,155954,155956,155958,155960,155962,155964],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155955,2914],{"class":49},[39,155957,2917],{"class":1689},[39,155959,2920],{"class":243},[39,155961,48559],{"class":247},[39,155963,629],{"class":243},[39,155965,2927],{"class":49},[39,155967,155968],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155969,46522],{"class":57},[223,155971,155973,155975],{"id":155972},"len-is-a-function-name-and-should-not-be-overwritten",[15,155974,10775],{}," is a function name and should not be overwritten",[20,155977,44035,155978,155980],{},[15,155979,10775],{}," as a variable name.",[20,155982,44066],{},[30,155984,155986],{"className":32,"code":155985,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"len = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,155987,155988,155996,156016],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,155989,155990,155992,155994],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,155991,10775],{"class":112},[39,155993,12886],{"class":49},[39,155995,2209],{"class":57},[39,155997,155998,156000,156002,156004,156006,156008,156010,156012,156014],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,155999,46],{"class":45},[39,156001,50],{"class":49},[39,156003,54],{"class":53},[39,156005,58],{"class":57},[39,156007,61],{"class":53},[39,156009,64],{"class":57},[39,156011,61],{"class":53},[39,156013,73],{"class":57},[39,156015,80],{"class":53},[39,156017,156018,156020,156022,156024,156026,156028],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156019,113],{"class":112},[39,156021,101],{"class":53},[39,156023,10775],{"class":112},[39,156025,101],{"class":53},[39,156027,992],{"class":97},[39,156029,1026],{"class":53},[20,156031,39264,156032,156034],{},[15,156033,10775],{}," no longer refers to the built-in function.",[20,156036,156037],{},"Use a different variable name instead:",[30,156039,156041],{"className":32,"code":156040,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"length_value = 10\nnumbers = (1, 2, 3)\nprint(len(numbers))\n",[15,156042,156043,156052,156072],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156044,156045,156048,156050],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156046,156047],{"class":45},"length_value ",[39,156049,50],{"class":49},[39,156051,2209],{"class":57},[39,156053,156054,156056,156058,156060,156062,156064,156066,156068,156070],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156055,46],{"class":45},[39,156057,50],{"class":49},[39,156059,54],{"class":53},[39,156061,58],{"class":57},[39,156063,61],{"class":53},[39,156065,64],{"class":57},[39,156067,61],{"class":53},[39,156069,73],{"class":57},[39,156071,80],{"class":53},[39,156073,156074,156076,156078,156080,156082,156084],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156075,113],{"class":112},[39,156077,101],{"class":53},[39,156079,10775],{"class":112},[39,156081,101],{"class":53},[39,156083,992],{"class":97},[39,156085,1026],{"class":53},[20,156087,156088],{},[3367,156089,458],{},[30,156091,156092],{"className":32,"code":461,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,156093,156094],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156095,156096],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156097,461],{"class":57},[134,156099,156101],{"id":156100},"when-this-is-useful","When this is useful",[20,156103,156104,156106],{},[15,156105,1542],{}," is helpful when you need to work with tuple size.",[223,156108,156110],{"id":156109},"checking-whether-a-tuple-is-empty","Checking whether a tuple is empty",[30,156112,156114],{"className":32,"code":156113,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"items = ()\n\nif len(items) == 0:\n    print(\"The tuple is empty\")\n",[15,156115,156116,156124,156128,156146],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156117,156118,156120,156122],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156119,7397],{"class":45},[39,156121,50],{"class":49},[39,156123,148780],{"class":53},[39,156125,156126],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156127,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,156129,156130,156132,156134,156136,156138,156140,156142,156144],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156131,511],{"class":572},[39,156133,37997],{"class":112},[39,156135,101],{"class":53},[39,156137,7426],{"class":97},[39,156139,121],{"class":53},[39,156141,6023],{"class":49},[39,156143,3458],{"class":57},[39,156145,598],{"class":53},[39,156147,156148,156150,156152,156154,156157,156159],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,156149,603],{"class":112},[39,156151,101],{"class":53},[39,156153,244],{"class":243},[39,156155,156156],{"class":247},"The tuple is empty",[39,156158,244],{"class":243},[39,156160,80],{"class":53},[20,156162,156163],{},[3367,156164,458],{},[30,156166,156168],{"className":32,"code":156167,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"The tuple is empty\n",[15,156169,156170],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156171,156172,156174,156176,156178],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156173,1604],{"class":45},[39,156175,48559],{"class":2523},[39,156177,763],{"class":49},[39,156179,7718],{"class":45},[223,156181,156183],{"id":156182},"validating-how-many-values-were-stored","Validating how many values were stored",[30,156185,156187],{"className":32,"code":156186,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"point = (4, 7)\n\nif len(point) == 2:\n    print(\"This looks like an x, y coordinate\")\n",[15,156188,156189,156205,156209,156227],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156190,156191,156193,156195,156197,156199,156201,156203],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156192,50988],{"class":45},[39,156194,50],{"class":49},[39,156196,54],{"class":53},[39,156198,1333],{"class":57},[39,156200,61],{"class":53},[39,156202,1338],{"class":57},[39,156204,80],{"class":53},[39,156206,156207],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156208,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,156210,156211,156213,156215,156217,156219,156221,156223,156225],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156212,511],{"class":572},[39,156214,37997],{"class":112},[39,156216,101],{"class":53},[39,156218,51013],{"class":97},[39,156220,121],{"class":53},[39,156222,6023],{"class":49},[39,156224,64],{"class":57},[39,156226,598],{"class":53},[39,156228,156229,156231,156233,156235,156238,156240],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,156230,603],{"class":112},[39,156232,101],{"class":53},[39,156234,244],{"class":243},[39,156236,156237],{"class":247},"This looks like an x, y coordinate",[39,156239,244],{"class":243},[39,156241,80],{"class":53},[20,156243,156244],{},[3367,156245,458],{},[30,156247,156249],{"className":32,"code":156248,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"This looks like an x, y coordinate\n",[15,156250,156251],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156252,156253,156256,156258],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156254,156255],{"class":45},"This looks like an x",[39,156257,61],{"class":53},[39,156259,156260],{"class":45}," y coordinate\n",[223,156262,156264],{"id":156263},"using-tuple-size-in-conditions","Using tuple size in conditions",[30,156266,156268],{"className":32,"code":156267,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user = (\"Ana\", 25, \"Canada\")\n\nif len(user) == 3:\n    print(\"User record has the expected number of values\")\n",[15,156269,156270,156299,156303,156321],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156271,156272,156274,156276,156278,156280,156282,156284,156286,156288,156290,156292,156295,156297],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156273,11099],{"class":45},[39,156275,50],{"class":49},[39,156277,54],{"class":53},[39,156279,244],{"class":243},[39,156281,12492],{"class":247},[39,156283,244],{"class":243},[39,156285,61],{"class":53},[39,156287,8918],{"class":57},[39,156289,61],{"class":53},[39,156291,255],{"class":243},[39,156293,156294],{"class":247},"Canada",[39,156296,244],{"class":243},[39,156298,80],{"class":53},[39,156300,156301],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156302,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,156304,156305,156307,156309,156311,156313,156315,156317,156319],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156306,511],{"class":572},[39,156308,37997],{"class":112},[39,156310,101],{"class":53},[39,156312,11193],{"class":97},[39,156314,121],{"class":53},[39,156316,6023],{"class":49},[39,156318,73],{"class":57},[39,156320,598],{"class":53},[39,156322,156323,156325,156327,156329,156332,156334],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,156324,603],{"class":112},[39,156326,101],{"class":53},[39,156328,244],{"class":243},[39,156330,156331],{"class":247},"User record has the expected number of values",[39,156333,244],{"class":243},[39,156335,80],{"class":53},[20,156337,156338],{},[3367,156339,458],{},[30,156341,156343],{"className":32,"code":156342,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"User record has the expected number of values\n",[15,156344,156345],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156346,156347],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156348,156342],{"class":45},[223,156350,156352],{"id":156351},"looping-based-on-the-number-of-items","Looping based on the number of items",[30,156354,156356],{"className":32,"code":156355,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\")\n\nfor i in range(len(letters)):\n    print(i, letters[i])\n",[15,156357,156358,156390,156394,156414],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156359,156360,156362,156364,156366,156368,156370,156372,156374,156376,156378,156380,156382,156384,156386,156388],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156361,1053],{"class":45},[39,156363,50],{"class":49},[39,156365,54],{"class":53},[39,156367,244],{"class":243},[39,156369,173],{"class":247},[39,156371,244],{"class":243},[39,156373,61],{"class":53},[39,156375,255],{"class":243},[39,156377,1070],{"class":247},[39,156379,244],{"class":243},[39,156381,61],{"class":53},[39,156383,255],{"class":243},[39,156385,9352],{"class":247},[39,156387,244],{"class":243},[39,156389,80],{"class":53},[39,156391,156392],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156393,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,156395,156396,156398,156400,156402,156404,156406,156408,156410,156412],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156397,5574],{"class":572},[39,156399,69139],{"class":45},[39,156401,1128],{"class":572},[39,156403,53672],{"class":112},[39,156405,101],{"class":53},[39,156407,10775],{"class":112},[39,156409,101],{"class":53},[39,156411,35757],{"class":97},[39,156413,69154],{"class":53},[39,156415,156416,156418,156420,156422,156424,156426,156428,156430],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,156417,603],{"class":112},[39,156419,101],{"class":53},[39,156421,35768],{"class":97},[39,156423,61],{"class":53},[39,156425,1091],{"class":97},[39,156427,3525],{"class":53},[39,156429,35768],{"class":97},[39,156431,3513],{"class":53},[20,156433,156434],{},[3367,156435,458],{},[30,156437,156438],{"className":32,"code":35780,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,156439,156440,156446,156452],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156441,156442,156444],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156443,221],{"class":57},[39,156445,35789],{"class":45},[39,156447,156448,156450],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156449,58],{"class":57},[39,156451,35796],{"class":45},[39,156453,156454,156456],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156455,104],{"class":57},[39,156457,35803],{"class":45},[20,156459,156460,156461,156463,156464,94],{},"If you want to access values by position, read ",[173,156462,149111],{"href":149110},". To work with parts of a tuple, see ",[173,156465,150355],{"href":150354},[134,156467,944],{"id":943},[20,156469,156470],{},"These are some common causes of confusion:",[147,156472,156473,156481,156488,156493],{},[150,156474,156475,156476,10705,156479],{},"Forgetting the comma in a one-item tuple, such as writing ",[15,156477,156478],{},"(5)",[15,156480,148945],{},[150,156482,948,156483,156485,156486],{},[15,156484,10775],{}," as a variable name and then trying to call ",[15,156487,1542],{},[150,156489,1030,156490,156492],{},[15,156491,1542],{}," to count characters across all tuple items",[150,156494,156495],{},"Passing a non-tuple value by mistake",[20,156497,31696],{},[30,156499,156501],{"className":32,"code":156500,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(type(my_tuple))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\nhelp(len)\n",[15,156502,156503,156513,156527,156541],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156504,156505,156507,156509,156511],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156506,113],{"class":112},[39,156508,101],{"class":53},[39,156510,195],{"class":97},[39,156512,80],{"class":53},[39,156514,156515,156517,156519,156521,156523,156525],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156516,113],{"class":112},[39,156518,101],{"class":53},[39,156520,2845],{"class":2523},[39,156522,101],{"class":53},[39,156524,195],{"class":97},[39,156526,1026],{"class":53},[39,156528,156529,156531,156533,156535,156537,156539],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156530,113],{"class":112},[39,156532,101],{"class":53},[39,156534,10775],{"class":112},[39,156536,101],{"class":53},[39,156538,195],{"class":97},[39,156540,1026],{"class":53},[39,156542,156543,156545,156547,156549],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,156544,31766],{"class":112},[39,156546,101],{"class":53},[39,156548,10775],{"class":112},[39,156550,80],{"class":53},[20,156552,154665],{},[147,156554,156555,156558,156561,156565],{},[150,156556,156557],{},"what value you are using",[150,156559,156560],{},"whether it is really a tuple",[150,156562,25631,156563,11317],{},[15,156564,1542],{},[150,156566,122965,156567,156569],{},[15,156568,1542],{}," is documented in Python",[134,156571,1454],{"id":1453},[223,156573,156575],{"id":156574},"how-do-i-get-the-length-of-a-tuple-in-python","How do I get the length of a tuple in Python?",[20,156577,128,156578,156581],{},[15,156579,156580],{},"len(your_tuple)",". It returns the number of items in the tuple.",[223,156583,1468,156585,1471],{"id":156584},"does-len-change-the-tuple",[15,156586,1542],{},[20,156588,45971,156589,156591],{},[15,156590,1542],{}," only returns a count. It does not modify the tuple.",[223,156593,156595],{"id":156594},"what-is-the-length-of-an-empty-tuple","What is the length of an empty tuple?",[20,156597,156598,156599,94],{},"The length is ",[15,156600,221],{},[223,156602,156604],{"id":156603},"how-do-i-make-a-tuple-with-one-item","How do I make a tuple with one item?",[20,156606,150301,156607,156609],{},[15,156608,150304],{},". Without the comma, Python does not treat it as a one-item tuple.",[223,156611,1468,156613,156615],{"id":156612},"does-len-count-items-inside-nested-tuples",[15,156614,1542],{}," count items inside nested tuples?",[20,156617,156618],{},"It counts only the top-level items in the outer tuple.",[134,156620,1514],{"id":1513},[147,156622,156623,156629,156633,156637,156641],{},[150,156624,156625],{},[173,156626,3202,156627,3135],{"href":41966},[15,156628,1542],{},[150,156630,156631],{},[173,156632,155530],{"href":180},[150,156634,156635],{},[173,156636,149111],{"href":149110},[150,156638,156639],{},[173,156640,150355],{"href":150354},[150,156642,156643],{},[173,156644,156645],{"href":148741},"What is a tuple in Python",[1550,156647,156648],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":156650},[156651,156652,156653,156660,156666,156675,156681,156682,156691],{"id":14773,"depth":83,"text":14774},{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":155018,"depth":83,"text":156654,"children":156655},"What len() returns for a tuple",[156656,156657,156658,156659],{"id":155030,"depth":109,"text":155031},{"id":155097,"depth":109,"text":155098},{"id":155142,"depth":109,"text":155143},{"id":155191,"depth":109,"text":155192},{"id":155280,"depth":83,"text":155281,"children":156661},[156662,156663,156664,156665],{"id":155284,"depth":109,"text":155285},{"id":155359,"depth":109,"text":155098},{"id":155401,"depth":109,"text":155402},{"id":155535,"depth":109,"text":155536},{"id":155619,"depth":83,"text":155620,"children":156667},[156668,156670,156672,156673],{"id":155623,"depth":109,"text":156669},"len() counts items, not characters inside strings",{"id":155761,"depth":109,"text":156671},"len() counts top-level tuple elements only",{"id":155837,"depth":109,"text":155838},{"id":155972,"depth":109,"text":156674},"len is a function name and should not be overwritten",{"id":156100,"depth":83,"text":156101,"children":156676},[156677,156678,156679,156680],{"id":156109,"depth":109,"text":156110},{"id":156182,"depth":109,"text":156183},{"id":156263,"depth":109,"text":156264},{"id":156351,"depth":109,"text":156352},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":156683},[156684,156685,156687,156688,156689],{"id":156574,"depth":109,"text":156575},{"id":156584,"depth":109,"text":156686},"Does len() change the tuple?",{"id":156594,"depth":109,"text":156595},{"id":156603,"depth":109,"text":156604},{"id":156612,"depth":109,"text":156690},"Does len() count items inside nested tuples?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python tuple length len in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len",{"title":154802,"description":156692},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-length-len","g9bXnSTfHR3GhI-V2fOG-ILQ3BF1aF8i67PNhSzLJFU",{"id":156699,"title":156700,"body":156701,"description":159086,"extension":1587,"meta":159087,"navigation":420,"path":159088,"seo":159089,"stem":159090,"__hash__":159091},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained.md","Python Tuple Slicing Explained",{"type":7,"value":156702,"toc":159047},[156703,156706,156709,156712,156735,156741,156743,156854,156858,156861,156871,156873,156972,156974,157051,157057,157061,157064,157087,157090,157107,157110,157112,157175,157177,157194,157205,157210,157212,157215,157221,157272,157274,157294,157298,157349,157351,157372,157376,157431,157433,157454,157458,157513,157515,157536,157540,157593,157595,157624,157626,157628,157631,157635,157692,157694,157715,157719,157772,157774,157799,157804,157808,157813,157831,157834,157897,157899,157920,157923,157984,157986,158007,158010,158053,158056,158060,158065,158069,158148,158150,158181,158185,158260,158262,158289,158293,158340,158342,158350,158355,158359,158362,158377,158379,158467,158469,158494,158497,158540,158549,158551,158554,158569,158572,158576,158630,158632,158652,158657,158661,158663,158701,158704,158754,158758,158831,158833,158870,158873,158875,158878,158898,158901,158970,158972,158985,158987,158991,158994,158998,159001,159006,159009,159015,159020,159022,159044],[10,156704,156700],{"id":156705},"python-tuple-slicing-explained",[20,156707,156708],{},"Tuple slicing lets you get part of a tuple by using square brackets and colons. It is a simple way to take a range of values, skip values with a step, or reverse a tuple.",[20,156710,156711],{},"Use this format:",[30,156713,156715],{"className":32,"code":156714,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,156716,156717],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156718,156719,156721,156723,156725,156727,156729,156731,156733],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156720,48559],{"class":45},[39,156722,3525],{"class":53},[39,156724,35687],{"class":45},[39,156726,145],{"class":53},[39,156728,75016],{"class":45},[39,156730,145],{"class":53},[39,156732,75019],{"class":45},[39,156734,3262],{"class":53},[20,156736,1604,156737,75052,156739,94],{},[15,156738,75016],{},[3367,156740,64661],{},[134,156742,1629],{"id":1628},[30,156744,156746],{"className":32,"code":156745,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])   # (20, 30, 40)\nprint(numbers[:3])    # (10, 20, 30)\nprint(numbers[::2])   # (10, 30, 50)\nprint(numbers[::-1])  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,156747,156748,156776,156780,156801,156818,156835],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156749,156750,156752,156754,156756,156758,156760,156762,156764,156766,156768,156770,156772,156774],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156751,46],{"class":45},[39,156753,50],{"class":49},[39,156755,54],{"class":53},[39,156757,682],{"class":57},[39,156759,61],{"class":53},[39,156761,687],{"class":57},[39,156763,61],{"class":53},[39,156765,697],{"class":57},[39,156767,61],{"class":53},[39,156769,50449],{"class":57},[39,156771,61],{"class":53},[39,156773,4703],{"class":57},[39,156775,80],{"class":53},[39,156777,156778],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156779,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,156781,156782,156784,156786,156788,156790,156792,156794,156796,156798],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156783,113],{"class":112},[39,156785,101],{"class":53},[39,156787,992],{"class":97},[39,156789,3525],{"class":53},[39,156791,58],{"class":57},[39,156793,145],{"class":53},[39,156795,1333],{"class":57},[39,156797,20058],{"class":53},[39,156799,156800],{"class":124},"   # (20, 30, 40)\n",[39,156802,156803,156805,156807,156809,156811,156813,156815],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,156804,113],{"class":112},[39,156806,101],{"class":53},[39,156808,992],{"class":97},[39,156810,75125],{"class":53},[39,156812,479],{"class":57},[39,156814,20058],{"class":53},[39,156816,156817],{"class":124},"    # (10, 20, 30)\n",[39,156819,156820,156822,156824,156826,156828,156830,156832],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,156821,113],{"class":112},[39,156823,101],{"class":53},[39,156825,992],{"class":97},[39,156827,73712],{"class":53},[39,156829,104],{"class":57},[39,156831,20058],{"class":53},[39,156833,156834],{"class":124},"   # (10, 30, 50)\n",[39,156836,156837,156839,156841,156843,156845,156847,156849,156851],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,156838,113],{"class":112},[39,156840,101],{"class":53},[39,156842,992],{"class":97},[39,156844,73712],{"class":53},[39,156846,1648],{"class":49},[39,156848,58],{"class":57},[39,156850,20058],{"class":53},[39,156852,156853],{"class":124},"  # (50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[134,156855,156857],{"id":156856},"what-tuple-slicing-means","What tuple slicing means",[20,156859,156860],{},"Slicing gets part of a tuple.",[147,156862,156863,156865,156868],{},[150,156864,75319],{},[150,156866,156867],{},"The result is a new tuple",[150,156869,156870],{},"It does not change the original tuple",[20,156872,515],{},[30,156874,156876],{"className":32,"code":156875,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"letters = (\"a\", \"b\", \"c\", \"d\", \"e\")\n\npart = letters[1:4]\n\nprint(part)\nprint(letters)\n",[15,156877,156878,156926,156930,156948,156952,156962],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156879,156880,156882,156884,156886,156888,156890,156892,156894,156896,156898,156900,156902,156904,156906,156908,156910,156912,156914,156916,156918,156920,156922,156924],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156881,1053],{"class":45},[39,156883,50],{"class":49},[39,156885,54],{"class":53},[39,156887,244],{"class":243},[39,156889,173],{"class":247},[39,156891,244],{"class":243},[39,156893,61],{"class":53},[39,156895,255],{"class":243},[39,156897,1070],{"class":247},[39,156899,244],{"class":243},[39,156901,61],{"class":53},[39,156903,255],{"class":243},[39,156905,9352],{"class":247},[39,156907,244],{"class":243},[39,156909,61],{"class":53},[39,156911,255],{"class":243},[39,156913,18380],{"class":247},[39,156915,244],{"class":243},[39,156917,61],{"class":53},[39,156919,255],{"class":243},[39,156921,60038],{"class":247},[39,156923,244],{"class":243},[39,156925,80],{"class":53},[39,156927,156928],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,156929,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,156931,156932,156934,156936,156938,156940,156942,156944,156946],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,156933,75249],{"class":45},[39,156935,50],{"class":49},[39,156937,1091],{"class":45},[39,156939,3525],{"class":53},[39,156941,58],{"class":57},[39,156943,145],{"class":53},[39,156945,1333],{"class":57},[39,156947,3262],{"class":53},[39,156949,156950],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,156951,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,156953,156954,156956,156958,156960],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,156955,113],{"class":112},[39,156957,101],{"class":53},[39,156959,75272],{"class":97},[39,156961,80],{"class":53},[39,156963,156964,156966,156968,156970],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,156965,113],{"class":112},[39,156967,101],{"class":53},[39,156969,35757],{"class":97},[39,156971,80],{"class":53},[20,156973,458],{},[30,156975,156977],{"className":32,"code":156976,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('b', 'c', 'd')\n('a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e')\n",[15,156978,156979,157007],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,156980,156981,156983,156985,156987,156989,156991,156993,156995,156997,156999,157001,157003,157005],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,156982,101],{"class":53},[39,156984,629],{"class":243},[39,156986,1070],{"class":247},[39,156988,629],{"class":243},[39,156990,61],{"class":53},[39,156992,2920],{"class":243},[39,156994,9352],{"class":247},[39,156996,629],{"class":243},[39,156998,61],{"class":53},[39,157000,2920],{"class":243},[39,157002,18380],{"class":247},[39,157004,629],{"class":243},[39,157006,80],{"class":53},[39,157008,157009,157011,157013,157015,157017,157019,157021,157023,157025,157027,157029,157031,157033,157035,157037,157039,157041,157043,157045,157047,157049],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157010,101],{"class":53},[39,157012,629],{"class":243},[39,157014,173],{"class":247},[39,157016,629],{"class":243},[39,157018,61],{"class":53},[39,157020,2920],{"class":243},[39,157022,1070],{"class":247},[39,157024,629],{"class":243},[39,157026,61],{"class":53},[39,157028,2920],{"class":243},[39,157030,9352],{"class":247},[39,157032,629],{"class":243},[39,157034,61],{"class":53},[39,157036,2920],{"class":243},[39,157038,18380],{"class":247},[39,157040,629],{"class":243},[39,157042,61],{"class":53},[39,157044,2920],{"class":243},[39,157046,60038],{"class":247},[39,157048,629],{"class":243},[39,157050,80],{"class":53},[20,157052,157053,157054,94],{},"The original tuple stays the same because tuples are immutable. If you are new to tuples, see ",[173,157055,176],{"href":157056},"\u002Flearn\u002Fpython-tuples-explained",[134,157058,157060],{"id":157059},"basic-slice-syntax","Basic slice syntax",[20,157062,157063],{},"The full syntax is:",[30,157065,157067],{"className":32,"code":157066,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"my_tuple[start:stop:step]\n",[15,157068,157069],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157070,157071,157073,157075,157077,157079,157081,157083,157085],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157072,195],{"class":45},[39,157074,3525],{"class":53},[39,157076,35687],{"class":45},[39,157078,145],{"class":53},[39,157080,75016],{"class":45},[39,157082,145],{"class":53},[39,157084,75019],{"class":45},[39,157086,3262],{"class":53},[20,157088,157089],{},"Each part has a job:",[147,157091,157092,157097,157102],{},[150,157093,157094,157096],{},[15,157095,35687],{},": where slicing begins",[150,157098,157099,157101],{},[15,157100,75016],{},": where slicing ends, but that index is not included",[150,157103,157104,157106],{},[15,157105,75019],{},": how many positions to move each time",[20,157108,157109],{},"All three parts are optional.",[20,157111,515],{},[30,157113,157115],{"className":32,"code":157114,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:5:2])\n",[15,157116,157117,157149,157153],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157118,157119,157121,157123,157125,157127,157129,157131,157133,157135,157137,157139,157141,157143,157145,157147],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157120,46],{"class":45},[39,157122,50],{"class":49},[39,157124,54],{"class":53},[39,157126,682],{"class":57},[39,157128,61],{"class":53},[39,157130,687],{"class":57},[39,157132,61],{"class":53},[39,157134,697],{"class":57},[39,157136,61],{"class":53},[39,157138,50449],{"class":57},[39,157140,61],{"class":53},[39,157142,4703],{"class":57},[39,157144,61],{"class":53},[39,157146,75690],{"class":57},[39,157148,80],{"class":53},[39,157150,157151],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157152,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157154,157155,157157,157159,157161,157163,157165,157167,157169,157171,157173],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157156,113],{"class":112},[39,157158,101],{"class":53},[39,157160,992],{"class":97},[39,157162,3525],{"class":53},[39,157164,58],{"class":57},[39,157166,145],{"class":53},[39,157168,1376],{"class":57},[39,157170,145],{"class":53},[39,157172,104],{"class":57},[39,157174,3513],{"class":53},[20,157176,458],{},[30,157178,157180],{"className":32,"code":157179,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 40)\n",[15,157181,157182],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157183,157184,157186,157188,157190,157192],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157185,101],{"class":53},[39,157187,15366],{"class":57},[39,157189,61],{"class":53},[39,157191,50449],{"class":57},[39,157193,80],{"class":53},[20,157195,157196,157197,157199,157200,157202,157203,94],{},"This starts at index ",[15,157198,58],{},", stops before index ",[15,157201,1376],{},", and moves by ",[15,157204,104],{},[20,157206,157207,157208,94],{},"If you need a refresher on getting a single value, read ",[173,157209,149111],{"href":152537},[134,157211,75606],{"id":75605},[20,157213,157214],{},"These are the most common tuple slice patterns you will use.",[223,157216,157218,157219,5582],{"id":157217},"get-the-first-n-items","Get the first ",[15,157220,75620],{},[30,157222,157224],{"className":32,"code":157223,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:3])\n",[15,157225,157226,157254,157258],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157227,157228,157230,157232,157234,157236,157238,157240,157242,157244,157246,157248,157250,157252],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157229,46],{"class":45},[39,157231,50],{"class":49},[39,157233,54],{"class":53},[39,157235,682],{"class":57},[39,157237,61],{"class":53},[39,157239,687],{"class":57},[39,157241,61],{"class":53},[39,157243,697],{"class":57},[39,157245,61],{"class":53},[39,157247,50449],{"class":57},[39,157249,61],{"class":53},[39,157251,4703],{"class":57},[39,157253,80],{"class":53},[39,157255,157256],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157257,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157259,157260,157262,157264,157266,157268,157270],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157261,113],{"class":112},[39,157263,101],{"class":53},[39,157265,992],{"class":97},[39,157267,75125],{"class":53},[39,157269,479],{"class":57},[39,157271,3513],{"class":53},[20,157273,458],{},[30,157275,157276],{"className":32,"code":150803,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,157277,157278],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157279,157280,157282,157284,157286,157288,157290,157292],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157281,101],{"class":53},[39,157283,682],{"class":57},[39,157285,61],{"class":53},[39,157287,687],{"class":57},[39,157289,61],{"class":53},[39,157291,697],{"class":57},[39,157293,80],{"class":53},[223,157295,157297],{"id":157296},"get-items-from-an-index-to-the-end","Get items from an index to the end",[30,157299,157301],{"className":32,"code":157300,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[2:])\n",[15,157302,157303,157331,157335],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157304,157305,157307,157309,157311,157313,157315,157317,157319,157321,157323,157325,157327,157329],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157306,46],{"class":45},[39,157308,50],{"class":49},[39,157310,54],{"class":53},[39,157312,682],{"class":57},[39,157314,61],{"class":53},[39,157316,687],{"class":57},[39,157318,61],{"class":53},[39,157320,697],{"class":57},[39,157322,61],{"class":53},[39,157324,50449],{"class":57},[39,157326,61],{"class":53},[39,157328,4703],{"class":57},[39,157330,80],{"class":53},[39,157332,157333],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157334,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157336,157337,157339,157341,157343,157345,157347],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157338,113],{"class":112},[39,157340,101],{"class":53},[39,157342,992],{"class":97},[39,157344,3525],{"class":53},[39,157346,104],{"class":57},[39,157348,77306],{"class":53},[20,157350,458],{},[30,157352,157354],{"className":32,"code":157353,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(30, 40, 50)\n",[15,157355,157356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157357,157358,157360,157362,157364,157366,157368,157370],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157359,101],{"class":53},[39,157361,36455],{"class":57},[39,157363,61],{"class":53},[39,157365,50449],{"class":57},[39,157367,61],{"class":53},[39,157369,4703],{"class":57},[39,157371,80],{"class":53},[223,157373,157375],{"id":157374},"get-a-range-of-items","Get a range of items",[30,157377,157379],{"className":32,"code":157378,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[1:4])\n",[15,157380,157381,157409,157413],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157382,157383,157385,157387,157389,157391,157393,157395,157397,157399,157401,157403,157405,157407],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157384,46],{"class":45},[39,157386,50],{"class":49},[39,157388,54],{"class":53},[39,157390,682],{"class":57},[39,157392,61],{"class":53},[39,157394,687],{"class":57},[39,157396,61],{"class":53},[39,157398,697],{"class":57},[39,157400,61],{"class":53},[39,157402,50449],{"class":57},[39,157404,61],{"class":53},[39,157406,4703],{"class":57},[39,157408,80],{"class":53},[39,157410,157411],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157412,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157414,157415,157417,157419,157421,157423,157425,157427,157429],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157416,113],{"class":112},[39,157418,101],{"class":53},[39,157420,992],{"class":97},[39,157422,3525],{"class":53},[39,157424,58],{"class":57},[39,157426,145],{"class":53},[39,157428,1333],{"class":57},[39,157430,3513],{"class":53},[20,157432,458],{},[30,157434,157436],{"className":32,"code":157435,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157437,157438],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157439,157440,157442,157444,157446,157448,157450,157452],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157441,101],{"class":53},[39,157443,15366],{"class":57},[39,157445,61],{"class":53},[39,157447,697],{"class":57},[39,157449,61],{"class":53},[39,157451,50449],{"class":57},[39,157453,80],{"class":53},[223,157455,157457],{"id":157456},"get-every-second-item","Get every second item",[30,157459,157461],{"className":32,"code":157460,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[::2])\n",[15,157462,157463,157495,157499],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157464,157465,157467,157469,157471,157473,157475,157477,157479,157481,157483,157485,157487,157489,157491,157493],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157466,46],{"class":45},[39,157468,50],{"class":49},[39,157470,54],{"class":53},[39,157472,682],{"class":57},[39,157474,61],{"class":53},[39,157476,687],{"class":57},[39,157478,61],{"class":53},[39,157480,697],{"class":57},[39,157482,61],{"class":53},[39,157484,50449],{"class":57},[39,157486,61],{"class":53},[39,157488,4703],{"class":57},[39,157490,61],{"class":53},[39,157492,75690],{"class":57},[39,157494,80],{"class":53},[39,157496,157497],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157498,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157500,157501,157503,157505,157507,157509,157511],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157502,113],{"class":112},[39,157504,101],{"class":53},[39,157506,992],{"class":97},[39,157508,73712],{"class":53},[39,157510,104],{"class":57},[39,157512,3513],{"class":53},[20,157514,458],{},[30,157516,157518],{"className":32,"code":157517,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(10, 30, 50)\n",[15,157519,157520],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157521,157522,157524,157526,157528,157530,157532,157534],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157523,101],{"class":53},[39,157525,682],{"class":57},[39,157527,61],{"class":53},[39,157529,697],{"class":57},[39,157531,61],{"class":53},[39,157533,4703],{"class":57},[39,157535,80],{"class":53},[223,157537,157539],{"id":157538},"reverse-a-tuple","Reverse a tuple",[30,157541,157543],{"className":32,"code":157542,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[::-1])\n",[15,157544,157545,157573,157577],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157546,157547,157549,157551,157553,157555,157557,157559,157561,157563,157565,157567,157569,157571],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157548,46],{"class":45},[39,157550,50],{"class":49},[39,157552,54],{"class":53},[39,157554,682],{"class":57},[39,157556,61],{"class":53},[39,157558,687],{"class":57},[39,157560,61],{"class":53},[39,157562,697],{"class":57},[39,157564,61],{"class":53},[39,157566,50449],{"class":57},[39,157568,61],{"class":53},[39,157570,4703],{"class":57},[39,157572,80],{"class":53},[39,157574,157575],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157576,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157578,157579,157581,157583,157585,157587,157589,157591],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157580,113],{"class":112},[39,157582,101],{"class":53},[39,157584,992],{"class":97},[39,157586,73712],{"class":53},[39,157588,1648],{"class":49},[39,157590,58],{"class":57},[39,157592,3513],{"class":53},[20,157594,458],{},[30,157596,157598],{"className":32,"code":157597,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(50, 40, 30, 20, 10)\n",[15,157599,157600],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157601,157602,157604,157606,157608,157610,157612,157614,157616,157618,157620,157622],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157603,101],{"class":53},[39,157605,76384],{"class":57},[39,157607,61],{"class":53},[39,157609,50449],{"class":57},[39,157611,61],{"class":53},[39,157613,697],{"class":57},[39,157615,61],{"class":53},[39,157617,687],{"class":57},[39,157619,61],{"class":53},[39,157621,692],{"class":57},[39,157623,80],{"class":53},[134,157625,75900],{"id":75899},[20,157627,153810],{},[20,157629,157630],{},"This is useful when you want values near the end without calculating the tuple length first.",[223,157632,157634],{"id":157633},"get-the-last-3-items","Get the last 3 items",[30,157636,157638],{"className":32,"code":157637,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[-3:])\n",[15,157639,157640,157672,157676],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157641,157642,157644,157646,157648,157650,157652,157654,157656,157658,157660,157662,157664,157666,157668,157670],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157643,46],{"class":45},[39,157645,50],{"class":49},[39,157647,54],{"class":53},[39,157649,682],{"class":57},[39,157651,61],{"class":53},[39,157653,687],{"class":57},[39,157655,61],{"class":53},[39,157657,697],{"class":57},[39,157659,61],{"class":53},[39,157661,50449],{"class":57},[39,157663,61],{"class":53},[39,157665,4703],{"class":57},[39,157667,61],{"class":53},[39,157669,75690],{"class":57},[39,157671,80],{"class":53},[39,157673,157674],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157675,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157677,157678,157680,157682,157684,157686,157688,157690],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157679,113],{"class":112},[39,157681,101],{"class":53},[39,157683,992],{"class":97},[39,157685,3525],{"class":53},[39,157687,1648],{"class":49},[39,157689,479],{"class":57},[39,157691,77306],{"class":53},[20,157693,458],{},[30,157695,157697],{"className":32,"code":157696,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(40, 50, 60)\n",[15,157698,157699],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157700,157701,157703,157705,157707,157709,157711,157713],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157702,101],{"class":53},[39,157704,56294],{"class":57},[39,157706,61],{"class":53},[39,157708,4703],{"class":57},[39,157710,61],{"class":53},[39,157712,75690],{"class":57},[39,157714,80],{"class":53},[223,157716,157718],{"id":157717},"get-everything-except-the-last-item","Get everything except the last item",[30,157720,157722],{"className":32,"code":157721,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[:-1])\n",[15,157723,157724,157752,157756],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157725,157726,157728,157730,157732,157734,157736,157738,157740,157742,157744,157746,157748,157750],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157727,46],{"class":45},[39,157729,50],{"class":49},[39,157731,54],{"class":53},[39,157733,682],{"class":57},[39,157735,61],{"class":53},[39,157737,687],{"class":57},[39,157739,61],{"class":53},[39,157741,697],{"class":57},[39,157743,61],{"class":53},[39,157745,50449],{"class":57},[39,157747,61],{"class":53},[39,157749,4703],{"class":57},[39,157751,80],{"class":53},[39,157753,157754],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157755,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157757,157758,157760,157762,157764,157766,157768,157770],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157759,113],{"class":112},[39,157761,101],{"class":53},[39,157763,992],{"class":97},[39,157765,75125],{"class":53},[39,157767,1648],{"class":49},[39,157769,58],{"class":57},[39,157771,3513],{"class":53},[20,157773,458],{},[30,157775,157777],{"className":32,"code":157776,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,157778,157779],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157780,157781,157783,157785,157787,157789,157791,157793,157795,157797],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157782,101],{"class":53},[39,157784,682],{"class":57},[39,157786,61],{"class":53},[39,157788,687],{"class":57},[39,157790,61],{"class":53},[39,157792,697],{"class":57},[39,157794,61],{"class":53},[39,157796,50449],{"class":57},[39,157798,80],{"class":53},[20,157800,157801,157802,94],{},"Negative values are especially helpful when the tuple size may change. If you want to check the size first, see ",[173,157803,150360],{"href":156694},[134,157805,157807],{"id":157806},"step-values-and-reversing","Step values and reversing",[20,157809,1604,157810,157812],{},[15,157811,75019],{}," value controls how slicing moves.",[147,157814,157815,157817,157819,157825],{},[150,157816,76156],{},[150,157818,76159],{},[150,157820,157821,157824],{},[15,157822,157823],{},"tuple[::-1]"," is a common way to reverse a tuple",[150,157826,157827,157828,157830],{},"A step of ",[15,157829,221],{}," is not allowed",[20,157832,157833],{},"Example with a positive step:",[30,157835,157837],{"className":32,"code":157836,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60)\n\nprint(numbers[1:6:2])\n",[15,157838,157839,157871,157875],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157840,157841,157843,157845,157847,157849,157851,157853,157855,157857,157859,157861,157863,157865,157867,157869],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157842,46],{"class":45},[39,157844,50],{"class":49},[39,157846,54],{"class":53},[39,157848,682],{"class":57},[39,157850,61],{"class":53},[39,157852,687],{"class":57},[39,157854,61],{"class":53},[39,157856,697],{"class":57},[39,157858,61],{"class":53},[39,157860,50449],{"class":57},[39,157862,61],{"class":53},[39,157864,4703],{"class":57},[39,157866,61],{"class":53},[39,157868,75690],{"class":57},[39,157870,80],{"class":53},[39,157872,157873],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157874,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157876,157877,157879,157881,157883,157885,157887,157889,157891,157893,157895],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157878,113],{"class":112},[39,157880,101],{"class":53},[39,157882,992],{"class":97},[39,157884,3525],{"class":53},[39,157886,58],{"class":57},[39,157888,145],{"class":53},[39,157890,80184],{"class":57},[39,157892,145],{"class":53},[39,157894,104],{"class":57},[39,157896,3513],{"class":53},[20,157898,458],{},[30,157900,157902],{"className":32,"code":157901,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 40, 60)\n",[15,157903,157904],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157905,157906,157908,157910,157912,157914,157916,157918],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157907,101],{"class":53},[39,157909,15366],{"class":57},[39,157911,61],{"class":53},[39,157913,50449],{"class":57},[39,157915,61],{"class":53},[39,157917,75690],{"class":57},[39,157919,80],{"class":53},[20,157921,157922],{},"Example with a negative step:",[30,157924,157926],{"className":32,"code":157925,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40, 50)\n\nprint(numbers[4:1:-1])\n",[15,157927,157928,157956,157960],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157929,157930,157932,157934,157936,157938,157940,157942,157944,157946,157948,157950,157952,157954],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157931,46],{"class":45},[39,157933,50],{"class":49},[39,157935,54],{"class":53},[39,157937,682],{"class":57},[39,157939,61],{"class":53},[39,157941,687],{"class":57},[39,157943,61],{"class":53},[39,157945,697],{"class":57},[39,157947,61],{"class":53},[39,157949,50449],{"class":57},[39,157951,61],{"class":53},[39,157953,4703],{"class":57},[39,157955,80],{"class":53},[39,157957,157958],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,157959,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,157961,157962,157964,157966,157968,157970,157972,157974,157976,157978,157980,157982],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,157963,113],{"class":112},[39,157965,101],{"class":53},[39,157967,992],{"class":97},[39,157969,3525],{"class":53},[39,157971,1333],{"class":57},[39,157973,145],{"class":53},[39,157975,58],{"class":57},[39,157977,145],{"class":53},[39,157979,1648],{"class":49},[39,157981,58],{"class":57},[39,157983,3513],{"class":53},[20,157985,458],{},[30,157987,157989],{"className":32,"code":157988,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(50, 40, 30)\n",[15,157990,157991],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,157992,157993,157995,157997,157999,158001,158003,158005],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,157994,101],{"class":53},[39,157996,76384],{"class":57},[39,157998,61],{"class":53},[39,158000,50449],{"class":57},[39,158002,61],{"class":53},[39,158004,697],{"class":57},[39,158006,80],{"class":53},[20,158008,158009],{},"Be careful with this invalid slice:",[30,158011,158013],{"className":32,"code":158012,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[::0])\n",[15,158014,158015,158035,158039],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158016,158017,158019,158021,158023,158025,158027,158029,158031,158033],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158018,46],{"class":45},[39,158020,50],{"class":49},[39,158022,54],{"class":53},[39,158024,682],{"class":57},[39,158026,61],{"class":53},[39,158028,687],{"class":57},[39,158030,61],{"class":53},[39,158032,697],{"class":57},[39,158034,80],{"class":53},[39,158036,158037],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158038,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158040,158041,158043,158045,158047,158049,158051],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158042,113],{"class":112},[39,158044,101],{"class":53},[39,158046,992],{"class":97},[39,158048,73712],{"class":53},[39,158050,221],{"class":57},[39,158052,3513],{"class":53},[20,158054,158055],{},"This raises an error because the step cannot be zero.",[134,158057,158059],{"id":158058},"what-slicing-returns","What slicing returns",[20,158061,158062,158063,33355],{},"A tuple slice returns a ",[3367,158064,48559],{},[223,158066,158068],{"id":158067},"a-normal-slice-returns-a-tuple","A normal slice returns a tuple",[30,158070,158072],{"className":32,"code":158071,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nresult = numbers[1:3]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158073,158074,158098,158102,158120,158124,158134],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158075,158076,158078,158080,158082,158084,158086,158088,158090,158092,158094,158096],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158077,46],{"class":45},[39,158079,50],{"class":49},[39,158081,54],{"class":53},[39,158083,682],{"class":57},[39,158085,61],{"class":53},[39,158087,687],{"class":57},[39,158089,61],{"class":53},[39,158091,697],{"class":57},[39,158093,61],{"class":53},[39,158095,50449],{"class":57},[39,158097,80],{"class":53},[39,158099,158100],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158101,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158103,158104,158106,158108,158110,158112,158114,158116,158118],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158105,86],{"class":45},[39,158107,50],{"class":49},[39,158109,91],{"class":45},[39,158111,3525],{"class":53},[39,158113,58],{"class":57},[39,158115,145],{"class":53},[39,158117,479],{"class":57},[39,158119,3262],{"class":53},[39,158121,158122],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,158123,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158125,158126,158128,158130,158132],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,158127,113],{"class":112},[39,158129,101],{"class":53},[39,158131,118],{"class":97},[39,158133,80],{"class":53},[39,158135,158136,158138,158140,158142,158144,158146],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,158137,113],{"class":112},[39,158139,101],{"class":53},[39,158141,2845],{"class":2523},[39,158143,101],{"class":53},[39,158145,118],{"class":97},[39,158147,1026],{"class":53},[20,158149,458],{},[30,158151,158153],{"className":32,"code":158152,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20, 30)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158154,158155,158167],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158156,158157,158159,158161,158163,158165],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158158,101],{"class":53},[39,158160,15366],{"class":57},[39,158162,61],{"class":53},[39,158164,697],{"class":57},[39,158166,80],{"class":53},[39,158168,158169,158171,158173,158175,158177,158179],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158170,2914],{"class":49},[39,158172,2917],{"class":1689},[39,158174,2920],{"class":243},[39,158176,48559],{"class":247},[39,158178,629],{"class":243},[39,158180,2927],{"class":49},[223,158182,158184],{"id":158183},"a-one-item-slice-is-still-a-tuple","A one-item slice is still a tuple",[30,158186,158188],{"className":32,"code":158187,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nresult = numbers[1:2]\n\nprint(result)\nprint(type(result))\n",[15,158189,158190,158210,158214,158232,158236,158246],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158191,158192,158194,158196,158198,158200,158202,158204,158206,158208],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158193,46],{"class":45},[39,158195,50],{"class":49},[39,158197,54],{"class":53},[39,158199,682],{"class":57},[39,158201,61],{"class":53},[39,158203,687],{"class":57},[39,158205,61],{"class":53},[39,158207,697],{"class":57},[39,158209,80],{"class":53},[39,158211,158212],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158213,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158215,158216,158218,158220,158222,158224,158226,158228,158230],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158217,86],{"class":45},[39,158219,50],{"class":49},[39,158221,91],{"class":45},[39,158223,3525],{"class":53},[39,158225,58],{"class":57},[39,158227,145],{"class":53},[39,158229,104],{"class":57},[39,158231,3262],{"class":53},[39,158233,158234],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,158235,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158237,158238,158240,158242,158244],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,158239,113],{"class":112},[39,158241,101],{"class":53},[39,158243,118],{"class":97},[39,158245,80],{"class":53},[39,158247,158248,158250,158252,158254,158256,158258],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,158249,113],{"class":112},[39,158251,101],{"class":53},[39,158253,2845],{"class":2523},[39,158255,101],{"class":53},[39,158257,118],{"class":97},[39,158259,1026],{"class":53},[20,158261,458],{},[30,158263,158265],{"className":32,"code":158264,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(20,)\n\u003Cclass 'tuple'>\n",[15,158266,158267,158275],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158268,158269,158271,158273],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158270,101],{"class":53},[39,158272,15366],{"class":57},[39,158274,148794],{"class":53},[39,158276,158277,158279,158281,158283,158285,158287],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158278,2914],{"class":49},[39,158280,2917],{"class":1689},[39,158282,2920],{"class":243},[39,158284,48559],{"class":247},[39,158286,629],{"class":243},[39,158288,2927],{"class":49},[223,158290,158292],{"id":158291},"an-empty-slice-returns-an-empty-tuple","An empty slice returns an empty tuple",[30,158294,158296],{"className":32,"code":158295,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5:8])\n",[15,158297,158298,158318,158322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158299,158300,158302,158304,158306,158308,158310,158312,158314,158316],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158301,46],{"class":45},[39,158303,50],{"class":49},[39,158305,54],{"class":53},[39,158307,682],{"class":57},[39,158309,61],{"class":53},[39,158311,687],{"class":57},[39,158313,61],{"class":53},[39,158315,697],{"class":57},[39,158317,80],{"class":53},[39,158319,158320],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158321,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158323,158324,158326,158328,158330,158332,158334,158336,158338],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158325,113],{"class":112},[39,158327,101],{"class":53},[39,158329,992],{"class":97},[39,158331,3525],{"class":53},[39,158333,1376],{"class":57},[39,158335,145],{"class":53},[39,158337,1969],{"class":57},[39,158339,3513],{"class":53},[20,158341,458],{},[30,158343,158344],{"className":32,"code":8257,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,158345,158346],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158347,158348],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158349,8257],{"class":53},[20,158351,158352,158353,94],{},"If you need help creating tuples correctly, including one-item tuples, see ",[173,158354,155530],{"href":150417},[134,158356,158358],{"id":158357},"tuple-slicing-vs-tuple-indexing","Tuple slicing vs tuple indexing",[20,158360,158361],{},"Slicing and indexing are related, but they are not the same.",[147,158363,158364,158366,158369,158374],{},[150,158365,76465],{},[150,158367,158368],{},"Slicing gets multiple items or a range",[150,158370,158371,158372],{},"Indexing can raise ",[15,158373,70321],{},[150,158375,158376],{},"Slicing usually returns an empty tuple if the range does not match",[20,158378,515],{},[30,158380,158382],{"className":32,"code":158381,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[1])    # one item\nprint(numbers[1:5])  # slice\nprint(numbers[5:8])  # empty slice\n",[15,158383,158384,158404,158408,158425,158446],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158385,158386,158388,158390,158392,158394,158396,158398,158400,158402],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158387,46],{"class":45},[39,158389,50],{"class":49},[39,158391,54],{"class":53},[39,158393,682],{"class":57},[39,158395,61],{"class":53},[39,158397,687],{"class":57},[39,158399,61],{"class":53},[39,158401,697],{"class":57},[39,158403,80],{"class":53},[39,158405,158406],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158407,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158409,158410,158412,158414,158416,158418,158420,158422],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158411,113],{"class":112},[39,158413,101],{"class":53},[39,158415,992],{"class":97},[39,158417,3525],{"class":53},[39,158419,58],{"class":57},[39,158421,20058],{"class":53},[39,158423,158424],{"class":124},"    # one item\n",[39,158426,158427,158429,158431,158433,158435,158437,158439,158441,158443],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,158428,113],{"class":112},[39,158430,101],{"class":53},[39,158432,992],{"class":97},[39,158434,3525],{"class":53},[39,158436,58],{"class":57},[39,158438,145],{"class":53},[39,158440,1376],{"class":57},[39,158442,20058],{"class":53},[39,158444,158445],{"class":124},"  # slice\n",[39,158447,158448,158450,158452,158454,158456,158458,158460,158462,158464],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,158449,113],{"class":112},[39,158451,101],{"class":53},[39,158453,992],{"class":97},[39,158455,3525],{"class":53},[39,158457,1376],{"class":57},[39,158459,145],{"class":53},[39,158461,1969],{"class":57},[39,158463,20058],{"class":53},[39,158465,158466],{"class":124},"  # empty slice\n",[20,158468,458],{},[30,158470,158472],{"className":32,"code":158471,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"20\n(20, 30)\n()\n",[15,158473,158474,158478,158490],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158475,158476],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158477,70814],{"class":57},[39,158479,158480,158482,158484,158486,158488],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158481,101],{"class":53},[39,158483,15366],{"class":57},[39,158485,61],{"class":53},[39,158487,697],{"class":57},[39,158489,80],{"class":53},[39,158491,158492],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158493,8257],{"class":53},[20,158495,158496],{},"Now compare that with invalid indexing:",[30,158498,158500],{"className":32,"code":158499,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30)\n\nprint(numbers[5])\n",[15,158501,158502,158522,158526],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158503,158504,158506,158508,158510,158512,158514,158516,158518,158520],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158505,46],{"class":45},[39,158507,50],{"class":49},[39,158509,54],{"class":53},[39,158511,682],{"class":57},[39,158513,61],{"class":53},[39,158515,687],{"class":57},[39,158517,61],{"class":53},[39,158519,697],{"class":57},[39,158521,80],{"class":53},[39,158523,158524],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158525,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158527,158528,158530,158532,158534,158536,158538],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158529,113],{"class":112},[39,158531,101],{"class":53},[39,158533,992],{"class":97},[39,158535,3525],{"class":53},[39,158537,1376],{"class":57},[39,158539,3513],{"class":53},[20,158541,158542,158543,158545,158546,94],{},"This raises an ",[15,158544,70321],{},". If you run into that problem, read ",[173,158547,154283],{"href":158548},"\u002Ferrors\u002Findexerror-tuple-index-out-of-range-fix",[134,158550,14788],{"id":76732},[20,158552,158553],{},"These are the most common tuple slicing mistakes:",[147,158555,158556,158559,158561,158564],{},[150,158557,158558],{},"Thinking the stop index is included",[150,158560,60283],{},[150,158562,158563],{},"Expecting slicing to change the original tuple",[150,158565,158566,158567],{},"Forgetting that step cannot be ",[15,158568,221],{},[20,158570,158571],{},"Here are a few examples.",[223,158573,158575],{"id":158574},"mistake-thinking-the-stop-index-is-included","Mistake: thinking the stop index is included",[30,158577,158578],{"className":32,"code":157378,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,158579,158580,158608,158612],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158581,158582,158584,158586,158588,158590,158592,158594,158596,158598,158600,158602,158604,158606],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158583,46],{"class":45},[39,158585,50],{"class":49},[39,158587,54],{"class":53},[39,158589,682],{"class":57},[39,158591,61],{"class":53},[39,158593,687],{"class":57},[39,158595,61],{"class":53},[39,158597,697],{"class":57},[39,158599,61],{"class":53},[39,158601,50449],{"class":57},[39,158603,61],{"class":53},[39,158605,4703],{"class":57},[39,158607,80],{"class":53},[39,158609,158610],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158611,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158613,158614,158616,158618,158620,158622,158624,158626,158628],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158615,113],{"class":112},[39,158617,101],{"class":53},[39,158619,992],{"class":97},[39,158621,3525],{"class":53},[39,158623,58],{"class":57},[39,158625,145],{"class":53},[39,158627,1333],{"class":57},[39,158629,3513],{"class":53},[20,158631,458],{},[30,158633,158634],{"className":32,"code":157435,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,158635,158636],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158637,158638,158640,158642,158644,158646,158648,158650],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158639,101],{"class":53},[39,158641,15366],{"class":57},[39,158643,61],{"class":53},[39,158645,697],{"class":57},[39,158647,61],{"class":53},[39,158649,50449],{"class":57},[39,158651,80],{"class":53},[20,158653,131997,158654,158656],{},[15,158655,1333],{}," is not included.",[223,158658,158660],{"id":158659},"mistake-using-parentheses","Mistake: using parentheses",[20,158662,4148],{},[30,158664,158666],{"className":32,"code":158665,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\n# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[15,158667,158668,158692,158696],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158669,158670,158672,158674,158676,158678,158680,158682,158684,158686,158688,158690],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158671,46],{"class":45},[39,158673,50],{"class":49},[39,158675,54],{"class":53},[39,158677,682],{"class":57},[39,158679,61],{"class":53},[39,158681,687],{"class":57},[39,158683,61],{"class":53},[39,158685,697],{"class":57},[39,158687,61],{"class":53},[39,158689,50449],{"class":57},[39,158691,80],{"class":53},[39,158693,158694],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158695,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158697,158698],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158699,158700],{"class":124},"# print(numbers(1:3))\n",[20,158702,158703],{},"Use square brackets instead:",[30,158705,158706],{"className":32,"code":154363,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,158707,158708,158732,158736],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158709,158710,158712,158714,158716,158718,158720,158722,158724,158726,158728,158730],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158711,46],{"class":45},[39,158713,50],{"class":49},[39,158715,54],{"class":53},[39,158717,682],{"class":57},[39,158719,61],{"class":53},[39,158721,687],{"class":57},[39,158723,61],{"class":53},[39,158725,697],{"class":57},[39,158727,61],{"class":53},[39,158729,50449],{"class":57},[39,158731,80],{"class":53},[39,158733,158734],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158735,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158737,158738,158740,158742,158744,158746,158748,158750,158752],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158739,113],{"class":112},[39,158741,101],{"class":53},[39,158743,992],{"class":97},[39,158745,3525],{"class":53},[39,158747,58],{"class":57},[39,158749,145],{"class":53},[39,158751,479],{"class":57},[39,158753,3513],{"class":53},[223,158755,158757],{"id":158756},"mistake-expecting-the-original-tuple-to-change","Mistake: expecting the original tuple to change",[30,158759,158761],{"className":32,"code":158760,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = (10, 20, 30, 40)\n\nslice_result = numbers[:2]\n\nprint(slice_result)\nprint(numbers)\n",[15,158762,158763,158787,158791,158806,158810,158821],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158764,158765,158767,158769,158771,158773,158775,158777,158779,158781,158783,158785],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158766,46],{"class":45},[39,158768,50],{"class":49},[39,158770,54],{"class":53},[39,158772,682],{"class":57},[39,158774,61],{"class":53},[39,158776,687],{"class":57},[39,158778,61],{"class":53},[39,158780,697],{"class":57},[39,158782,61],{"class":53},[39,158784,50449],{"class":57},[39,158786,80],{"class":53},[39,158788,158789],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158790,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158792,158793,158796,158798,158800,158802,158804],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158794,158795],{"class":45},"slice_result ",[39,158797,50],{"class":49},[39,158799,91],{"class":45},[39,158801,75125],{"class":53},[39,158803,104],{"class":57},[39,158805,3262],{"class":53},[39,158807,158808],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,158809,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,158811,158812,158814,158816,158819],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,158813,113],{"class":112},[39,158815,101],{"class":53},[39,158817,158818],{"class":97},"slice_result",[39,158820,80],{"class":53},[39,158822,158823,158825,158827,158829],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,158824,113],{"class":112},[39,158826,101],{"class":53},[39,158828,992],{"class":97},[39,158830,80],{"class":53},[20,158832,458],{},[30,158834,158836],{"className":32,"code":158835,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"(10, 20)\n(10, 20, 30, 40)\n",[15,158837,158838,158850],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158839,158840,158842,158844,158846,158848],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158841,101],{"class":53},[39,158843,682],{"class":57},[39,158845,61],{"class":53},[39,158847,687],{"class":57},[39,158849,80],{"class":53},[39,158851,158852,158854,158856,158858,158860,158862,158864,158866,158868],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158853,101],{"class":53},[39,158855,682],{"class":57},[39,158857,61],{"class":53},[39,158859,687],{"class":57},[39,158861,61],{"class":53},[39,158863,697],{"class":57},[39,158865,61],{"class":53},[39,158867,50449],{"class":57},[39,158869,80],{"class":53},[20,158871,158872],{},"The original tuple is unchanged.",[134,158874,113313],{"id":113312},[20,158876,158877],{},"Many tuple slicing problems come from a few simple misunderstandings:",[147,158879,158880,158883,158886,158892,158895],{},[150,158881,158882],{},"Confusing slicing with indexing",[150,158884,158885],{},"Expecting the stop index to be included",[150,158887,158888,158889],{},"Using a zero step like ",[15,158890,158891],{},"tuple[::0]",[150,158893,158894],{},"Assuming tuple slices return a list",[150,158896,158897],{},"Using parentheses instead of brackets",[20,158899,158900],{},"If your slice is not giving the result you expect, print the tuple, the slice, and its type.",[30,158902,158904],{"className":32,"code":158903,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(my_tuple)\nprint(my_tuple[1:4])\nprint(type(my_tuple[1:4]))\nprint(len(my_tuple))\n",[15,158905,158906,158916,158934,158956],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,158907,158908,158910,158912,158914],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,158909,113],{"class":112},[39,158911,101],{"class":53},[39,158913,195],{"class":97},[39,158915,80],{"class":53},[39,158917,158918,158920,158922,158924,158926,158928,158930,158932],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,158919,113],{"class":112},[39,158921,101],{"class":53},[39,158923,195],{"class":97},[39,158925,3525],{"class":53},[39,158927,58],{"class":57},[39,158929,145],{"class":53},[39,158931,1333],{"class":57},[39,158933,3513],{"class":53},[39,158935,158936,158938,158940,158942,158944,158946,158948,158950,158952,158954],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,158937,113],{"class":112},[39,158939,101],{"class":53},[39,158941,2845],{"class":2523},[39,158943,101],{"class":53},[39,158945,195],{"class":97},[39,158947,3525],{"class":53},[39,158949,58],{"class":57},[39,158951,145],{"class":53},[39,158953,1333],{"class":57},[39,158955,2621],{"class":53},[39,158957,158958,158960,158962,158964,158966,158968],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,158959,113],{"class":112},[39,158961,101],{"class":53},[39,158963,10775],{"class":112},[39,158965,101],{"class":53},[39,158967,195],{"class":97},[39,158969,1026],{"class":53},[20,158971,10784],{},[147,158973,158974,158976,158979,158982],{},[150,158975,154670],{},[150,158977,158978],{},"what the slice actually returns",[150,158980,158981],{},"that the result is a tuple",[150,158983,158984],{},"how many items are in the original tuple",[134,158986,1454],{"id":1453},[223,158988,158990],{"id":158989},"does-tuple-slicing-change-the-original-tuple","Does tuple slicing change the original tuple?",[20,158992,158993],{},"No. It returns a new tuple and leaves the original tuple unchanged.",[223,158995,158997],{"id":158996},"is-the-stop-index-included-in-a-tuple-slice","Is the stop index included in a tuple slice?",[20,158999,159000],{},"No. The stop index is excluded.",[223,159002,1458,159004,39571],{"id":159003},"what-does-tuple-1-do",[15,159005,157823],{},[20,159007,159008],{},"It returns a reversed copy of the tuple.",[223,159010,159012,159013,929],{"id":159011},"can-tuple-slicing-cause-an-indexerror","Can tuple slicing cause an ",[15,159014,70321],{},[20,159016,159017,159018,94],{},"Normal slicing usually does not. Invalid indexing is more likely to cause ",[15,159019,70321],{},[134,159021,1514],{"id":1513},[147,159023,159024,159028,159032,159036,159040],{},[150,159025,159026],{},[173,159027,155530],{"href":150417},[150,159029,159030],{},[173,159031,149111],{"href":152537},[150,159033,159034],{},[173,159035,150360],{"href":156694},[150,159037,159038],{},[173,159039,176],{"href":157056},[150,159041,159042],{},[173,159043,154283],{"href":158548},[1550,159045,159046],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sutJx, html code.shiki .sutJx{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#6A737D;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#6A737D;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":159048},[159049,159050,159051,159052,159060,159064,159065,159070,159071,159076,159077,159085],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":156856,"depth":83,"text":156857},{"id":157059,"depth":83,"text":157060},{"id":75605,"depth":83,"text":75606,"children":159053},[159054,159056,159057,159058,159059],{"id":157217,"depth":109,"text":159055},"Get the first n items",{"id":157296,"depth":109,"text":157297},{"id":157374,"depth":109,"text":157375},{"id":157456,"depth":109,"text":157457},{"id":157538,"depth":109,"text":157539},{"id":75899,"depth":83,"text":75900,"children":159061},[159062,159063],{"id":157633,"depth":109,"text":157634},{"id":157717,"depth":109,"text":157718},{"id":157806,"depth":83,"text":157807},{"id":158058,"depth":83,"text":158059,"children":159066},[159067,159068,159069],{"id":158067,"depth":109,"text":158068},{"id":158183,"depth":109,"text":158184},{"id":158291,"depth":109,"text":158292},{"id":158357,"depth":83,"text":158358},{"id":76732,"depth":83,"text":14788,"children":159072},[159073,159074,159075],{"id":158574,"depth":109,"text":158575},{"id":158659,"depth":109,"text":158660},{"id":158756,"depth":109,"text":158757},{"id":113312,"depth":83,"text":113313},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":159078},[159079,159080,159081,159083],{"id":158989,"depth":109,"text":158990},{"id":158996,"depth":109,"text":158997},{"id":159003,"depth":109,"text":159082},"What does tuple[::-1] do?",{"id":159011,"depth":109,"text":159084},"Can tuple slicing cause an IndexError?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python tuple slicing explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained",{"title":156700,"description":159086},"reference\u002Fpython-tuple-slicing-explained","ROkj949_3FkekNafMx2xqeTKvYABAUil42nCZh0Pr8s",{"id":159093,"title":159094,"body":159095,"description":160918,"extension":1587,"meta":160919,"navigation":420,"path":34423,"seo":160920,"stem":160921,"__hash__":160922},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained.md","Python type() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":159096,"toc":160884},[159097,159102,159107,159111,159129,159132,159147,159153,159155,159212,159214,159246,159258,159264,159269,159272,159307,159313,159315,159318,159332,159335,159337,159360,159362,159380,159383,159399,159401,159404,159517,159519,159608,159611,159616,159622,159625,159628,159727,159729,159788,159793,159796,159865,159869,159901,159917,159922,159929,159936,159948,159950,159999,160001,160024,160030,160078,160083,160090,160098,160104,160107,160131,160134,160136,160212,160214,160239,160245,160248,160253,160257,160271,160273,160336,160338,160370,160373,160389,160391,160397,160404,160406,160425,160427,160445,160452,160457,160464,160466,160503,160506,160513,160517,160520,160578,160581,160584,160639,160641,160653,160659,160661,160665,160698,160705,160707,160770,160773,160775,160780,160794,160801,160809,160818,160827,160833,160839,160841,160881],[10,159098,3202,159100,3206],{"id":159099},"python-type-function-explained",[15,159101,1926],{},[20,159103,31931,159104,159106],{},[15,159105,1926],{}," function tells you what kind of value an object is.",[20,159108,62358,159109,649],{},[15,159110,1926],{},[147,159112,159113,159116,159119,159122],{},[150,159114,159115],{},"check whether a value is a string, number, list, or dictionary",[150,159117,159118],{},"understand what a variable currently contains",[150,159120,159121],{},"debug confusing code",[150,159123,159124,159125],{},"inspect values returned by functions such as ",[173,159126,159127],{"href":7835},[15,159128,2580],{},[20,159130,159131],{},"In most beginner code, you will use the one-argument form:",[30,159133,159135],{"className":32,"code":159134,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"type(object)\n",[15,159136,159137],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159138,159139,159141,159143,159145],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159140,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159142,101],{"class":53},[39,159144,42006],{"class":2523},[39,159146,80],{"class":53},[20,159148,159149,159150,159152],{},"Python also has a three-argument form of ",[15,159151,1926],{},", but that is an advanced feature for creating classes dynamically.",[134,159154,3235],{"id":3234},[30,159156,159158],{"className":32,"code":159157,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"name = \"Alice\"\nprint(type(name))\n\nnumber = 10\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,159159,159160,159172,159186,159190,159198],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159161,159162,159164,159166,159168,159170],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159163,7493],{"class":45},[39,159165,50],{"class":49},[39,159167,255],{"class":243},[39,159169,4627],{"class":247},[39,159171,2983],{"class":243},[39,159173,159174,159176,159178,159180,159182,159184],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159175,113],{"class":112},[39,159177,101],{"class":53},[39,159179,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159181,101],{"class":53},[39,159183,7285],{"class":97},[39,159185,1026],{"class":53},[39,159187,159188],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,159189,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,159191,159192,159194,159196],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,159193,1842],{"class":45},[39,159195,50],{"class":49},[39,159197,2209],{"class":57},[39,159199,159200,159202,159204,159206,159208,159210],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,159201,113],{"class":112},[39,159203,101],{"class":53},[39,159205,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159207,101],{"class":53},[39,159209,1864],{"class":97},[39,159211,1026],{"class":53},[20,159213,458],{},[30,159215,159216],{"className":32,"code":124659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,159217,159218,159232],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159219,159220,159222,159224,159226,159228,159230],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159221,2914],{"class":49},[39,159223,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159225,2920],{"class":243},[39,159227,3069],{"class":247},[39,159229,629],{"class":243},[39,159231,2927],{"class":49},[39,159233,159234,159236,159238,159240,159242,159244],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159235,2914],{"class":49},[39,159237,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159239,2920],{"class":243},[39,159241,1813],{"class":247},[39,159243,629],{"class":243},[39,159245,2927],{"class":49},[20,159247,128,159248,159251,159252,796,159255,94],{},[15,159249,159250],{},"type(value)"," to see the type of a value or variable. Output will look like ",[15,159253,159254],{},"\u003Cclass 'str'>",[15,159256,159257],{},"\u003Cclass 'int'>",[134,159259,12608,159261,159263],{"id":159260},"what-the-type-function-does",[15,159262,1926],{}," function does",[20,159265,159266,159268],{},[15,159267,1926],{}," returns the type of an object.",[20,159270,159271],{},"A type tells you what kind of value something is. For example:",[147,159273,159274,159279,159284,159289,159294,159299],{},[150,159275,159276,159278],{},[15,159277,3069],{}," for text",[150,159280,159281,159283],{},[15,159282,1813],{}," for whole numbers",[150,159285,159286,159288],{},[15,159287,1817],{}," for decimal numbers",[150,159290,159291,159293],{},[15,159292,7710],{}," for lists",[150,159295,159296,159298],{},[15,159297,8433],{}," for dictionaries",[150,159300,159301,68686,159303,796,159305],{},[15,159302,3493],{},[15,159304,939],{},[15,159306,1038],{},[20,159308,159309,159310,159312],{},"This is especially useful while debugging. If your code is behaving strangely, ",[15,159311,1926],{}," can help you confirm what kind of value you are actually working with.",[134,159314,1781],{"id":1780},[20,159316,159317],{},"The main beginner form is:",[30,159319,159320],{"className":32,"code":159134,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,159321,159322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159323,159324,159326,159328,159330],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159325,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159327,101],{"class":53},[39,159329,42006],{"class":2523},[39,159331,80],{"class":53},[20,159333,159334],{},"It returns the class of the object.",[20,159336,515],{},[30,159338,159340],{"className":32,"code":159339,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(\"hello\"))\n",[15,159341,159342],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159343,159344,159346,159348,159350,159352,159354,159356,159358],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159345,113],{"class":112},[39,159347,101],{"class":53},[39,159349,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159351,101],{"class":53},[39,159353,244],{"class":243},[39,159355,3470],{"class":247},[39,159357,244],{"class":243},[39,159359,1026],{"class":53},[20,159361,458],{},[30,159363,159364],{"className":32,"code":45377,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,159365,159366],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159367,159368,159370,159372,159374,159376,159378],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159369,2914],{"class":49},[39,159371,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159373,2920],{"class":243},[39,159375,3069],{"class":247},[39,159377,629],{"class":243},[39,159379,2927],{"class":49},[20,159381,159382],{},"You can pass either:",[147,159384,159385,159392],{},[150,159386,159387,159388,177,159390],{},"a literal value such as ",[15,159389,64126],{},[15,159391,46132],{},[150,159393,159394,159395,177,159397],{},"a variable such as ",[15,159396,7285],{},[15,159398,8911],{},[134,159400,121472],{"id":121471},[20,159402,159403],{},"Here are a few common examples.",[30,159405,159407],{"className":32,"code":159406,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(\"hello\"))\nprint(type(10))\nprint(type(3.14))\nprint(type([1, 2, 3]))\nprint(type({\"name\": \"Alice\"}))\nprint(type(True))\n",[15,159408,159409,159427,159441,159455,159477,159503],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159410,159411,159413,159415,159417,159419,159421,159423,159425],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159412,113],{"class":112},[39,159414,101],{"class":53},[39,159416,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159418,101],{"class":53},[39,159420,244],{"class":243},[39,159422,3470],{"class":247},[39,159424,244],{"class":243},[39,159426,1026],{"class":53},[39,159428,159429,159431,159433,159435,159437,159439],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159430,113],{"class":112},[39,159432,101],{"class":53},[39,159434,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159436,101],{"class":53},[39,159438,682],{"class":57},[39,159440,1026],{"class":53},[39,159442,159443,159445,159447,159449,159451,159453],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,159444,113],{"class":112},[39,159446,101],{"class":53},[39,159448,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159450,101],{"class":53},[39,159452,39754],{"class":57},[39,159454,1026],{"class":53},[39,159456,159457,159459,159461,159463,159465,159467,159469,159471,159473,159475],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,159458,113],{"class":112},[39,159460,101],{"class":53},[39,159462,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159464,2608],{"class":53},[39,159466,58],{"class":57},[39,159468,61],{"class":53},[39,159470,64],{"class":57},[39,159472,61],{"class":53},[39,159474,73],{"class":57},[39,159476,2621],{"class":53},[39,159478,159479,159481,159483,159485,159487,159489,159491,159493,159495,159497,159499,159501],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,159480,113],{"class":112},[39,159482,101],{"class":53},[39,159484,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159486,5145],{"class":53},[39,159488,244],{"class":243},[39,159490,7285],{"class":247},[39,159492,244],{"class":243},[39,159494,145],{"class":53},[39,159496,255],{"class":243},[39,159498,4627],{"class":247},[39,159500,244],{"class":243},[39,159502,5154],{"class":53},[39,159504,159505,159507,159509,159511,159513,159515],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,159506,113],{"class":112},[39,159508,101],{"class":53},[39,159510,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159512,101],{"class":53},[39,159514,939],{"class":3477},[39,159516,1026],{"class":53},[20,159518,458],{},[30,159520,159522],{"className":32,"code":159521,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'str'>\n\u003Cclass 'int'>\n\u003Cclass 'float'>\n\u003Cclass 'list'>\n\u003Cclass 'dict'>\n\u003Cclass 'bool'>\n",[15,159523,159524,159538,159552,159566,159580,159594],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159525,159526,159528,159530,159532,159534,159536],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159527,2914],{"class":49},[39,159529,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159531,2920],{"class":243},[39,159533,3069],{"class":247},[39,159535,629],{"class":243},[39,159537,2927],{"class":49},[39,159539,159540,159542,159544,159546,159548,159550],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159541,2914],{"class":49},[39,159543,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159545,2920],{"class":243},[39,159547,1813],{"class":247},[39,159549,629],{"class":243},[39,159551,2927],{"class":49},[39,159553,159554,159556,159558,159560,159562,159564],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,159555,2914],{"class":49},[39,159557,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159559,2920],{"class":243},[39,159561,1817],{"class":247},[39,159563,629],{"class":243},[39,159565,2927],{"class":49},[39,159567,159568,159570,159572,159574,159576,159578],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,159569,2914],{"class":49},[39,159571,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159573,2920],{"class":243},[39,159575,7710],{"class":247},[39,159577,629],{"class":243},[39,159579,2927],{"class":49},[39,159581,159582,159584,159586,159588,159590,159592],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,159583,2914],{"class":49},[39,159585,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159587,2920],{"class":243},[39,159589,8433],{"class":247},[39,159591,629],{"class":243},[39,159593,2927],{"class":49},[39,159595,159596,159598,159600,159602,159604,159606],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,159597,2914],{"class":49},[39,159599,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159601,2920],{"class":243},[39,159603,3493],{"class":247},[39,159605,629],{"class":243},[39,159607,2927],{"class":49},[20,159609,159610],{},"These results show the exact type of each value.",[20,159612,159613,159614,94],{},"If you are still learning Python data types, see ",[173,159615,44404],{"href":48584},[134,159617,948,159619,159621],{"id":159618},"using-type-with-variables",[15,159620,1926],{}," with variables",[20,159623,159624],{},"In Python, variables do not have one fixed type forever.",[20,159626,159627],{},"A variable can point to different kinds of values at different times.",[30,159629,159631],{"className":32,"code":159630,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 10\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = \"ten\"\nprint(value, type(value))\n\nvalue = [10]\nprint(value, type(value))\n",[15,159632,159633,159641,159659,159663,159675,159693,159697,159709],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159634,159635,159637,159639],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159636,2070],{"class":45},[39,159638,50],{"class":49},[39,159640,2209],{"class":57},[39,159642,159643,159645,159647,159649,159651,159653,159655,159657],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159644,113],{"class":112},[39,159646,101],{"class":53},[39,159648,155],{"class":97},[39,159650,61],{"class":53},[39,159652,48996],{"class":2523},[39,159654,101],{"class":53},[39,159656,155],{"class":97},[39,159658,1026],{"class":53},[39,159660,159661],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,159662,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,159664,159665,159667,159669,159671,159673],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,159666,2070],{"class":45},[39,159668,50],{"class":49},[39,159670,255],{"class":243},[39,159672,45514],{"class":247},[39,159674,2983],{"class":243},[39,159676,159677,159679,159681,159683,159685,159687,159689,159691],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,159678,113],{"class":112},[39,159680,101],{"class":53},[39,159682,155],{"class":97},[39,159684,61],{"class":53},[39,159686,48996],{"class":2523},[39,159688,101],{"class":53},[39,159690,155],{"class":97},[39,159692,1026],{"class":53},[39,159694,159695],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,159696,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,159698,159699,159701,159703,159705,159707],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,159700,2070],{"class":45},[39,159702,50],{"class":49},[39,159704,3249],{"class":53},[39,159706,682],{"class":57},[39,159708,3262],{"class":53},[39,159710,159711,159713,159715,159717,159719,159721,159723,159725],{"class":41,"line":6041},[39,159712,113],{"class":112},[39,159714,101],{"class":53},[39,159716,155],{"class":97},[39,159718,61],{"class":53},[39,159720,48996],{"class":2523},[39,159722,101],{"class":53},[39,159724,155],{"class":97},[39,159726,1026],{"class":53},[20,159728,458],{},[30,159730,159732],{"className":32,"code":159731,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"10 \u003Cclass 'int'>\nten \u003Cclass 'str'>\n[10] \u003Cclass 'list'>\n",[15,159733,159734,159751,159768],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159735,159736,159738,159741,159743,159745,159747,159749],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159737,682],{"class":57},[39,159739,159740],{"class":49}," \u003C",[39,159742,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159744,2920],{"class":243},[39,159746,1813],{"class":247},[39,159748,629],{"class":243},[39,159750,2927],{"class":49},[39,159752,159753,159756,159758,159760,159762,159764,159766],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159754,159755],{"class":45},"ten ",[39,159757,2914],{"class":49},[39,159759,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159761,2920],{"class":243},[39,159763,3069],{"class":247},[39,159765,629],{"class":243},[39,159767,2927],{"class":49},[39,159769,159770,159772,159774,159776,159778,159780,159782,159784,159786],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,159771,3525],{"class":53},[39,159773,682],{"class":57},[39,159775,12883],{"class":53},[39,159777,159740],{"class":49},[39,159779,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159781,2920],{"class":243},[39,159783,7710],{"class":247},[39,159785,629],{"class":243},[39,159787,2927],{"class":49},[20,159789,159790,159792],{},[15,159791,1926],{}," shows the current type of the value stored in the variable.",[20,159794,159795],{},"This is helpful when values come from user input or conversions.",[30,159797,159799],{"className":32,"code":159798,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"user_input = input(\"Enter a number: \")\nprint(type(user_input))\n\nconverted = int(user_input)\nprint(type(converted))\n",[15,159800,159801,159819,159833,159837,159851],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159802,159803,159805,159807,159809,159811,159813,159815,159817],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159804,3016],{"class":45},[39,159806,50],{"class":49},[39,159808,7858],{"class":112},[39,159810,101],{"class":53},[39,159812,244],{"class":243},[39,159814,41480],{"class":247},[39,159816,244],{"class":243},[39,159818,80],{"class":53},[39,159820,159821,159823,159825,159827,159829,159831],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159822,113],{"class":112},[39,159824,101],{"class":53},[39,159826,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159828,101],{"class":53},[39,159830,3043],{"class":97},[39,159832,1026],{"class":53},[39,159834,159835],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,159836,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,159838,159839,159841,159843,159845,159847,159849],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,159840,122583],{"class":45},[39,159842,50],{"class":49},[39,159844,44883],{"class":2523},[39,159846,101],{"class":53},[39,159848,3043],{"class":97},[39,159850,80],{"class":53},[39,159852,159853,159855,159857,159859,159861,159863],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,159854,113],{"class":112},[39,159856,101],{"class":53},[39,159858,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159860,101],{"class":53},[39,159862,122606],{"class":97},[39,159864,1026],{"class":53},[20,159866,40730,159867,40734],{},[15,159868,8806],{},[30,159870,159871],{"className":32,"code":124659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,159872,159873,159887],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159874,159875,159877,159879,159881,159883,159885],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159876,2914],{"class":49},[39,159878,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159880,2920],{"class":243},[39,159882,3069],{"class":247},[39,159884,629],{"class":243},[39,159886,2927],{"class":49},[39,159888,159889,159891,159893,159895,159897,159899],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159890,2914],{"class":49},[39,159892,2917],{"class":1689},[39,159894,2920],{"class":243},[39,159896,1813],{"class":247},[39,159898,629],{"class":243},[39,159900,2927],{"class":49},[20,159902,45310,159903,159907,159908,177,159912,159916],{},[173,159904,159905],{"href":7835},[15,159906,2580],{}," always returns a string. You must convert it with a function like ",[173,159909,159910],{"href":2496},[15,159911,2499],{},[173,159913,159914],{"href":2502},[15,159915,2505],{}," if you need a number.",[20,159918,159919,159920,94],{},"For a step-by-step guide, see ",[173,159921,8593],{"href":8592},[134,159923,159925,10198,159927],{"id":159924},"type-vs-isinstance",[15,159926,1926],{},[15,159928,44412],{},[20,159930,159931,796,159933,159935],{},[15,159932,1926],{},[15,159934,44412],{}," are related, but they do different jobs.",[147,159937,159938,159943],{},[150,159939,159940,159942],{},[15,159941,1926],{}," tells you the exact type",[150,159944,159945,159947],{},[15,159946,44412],{}," checks whether a value matches a type",[20,159949,515],{},[30,159951,159953],{"className":32,"code":159952,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value))\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,159954,159955,159963,159967,159981],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,159956,159957,159959,159961],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,159958,2070],{"class":45},[39,159960,50],{"class":49},[39,159962,34457],{"class":57},[39,159964,159965],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,159966,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,159968,159969,159971,159973,159975,159977,159979],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,159970,113],{"class":112},[39,159972,101],{"class":53},[39,159974,2845],{"class":2523},[39,159976,101],{"class":53},[39,159978,155],{"class":97},[39,159980,1026],{"class":53},[39,159982,159983,159985,159987,159989,159991,159993,159995,159997],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,159984,113],{"class":112},[39,159986,101],{"class":53},[39,159988,48481],{"class":112},[39,159990,101],{"class":53},[39,159992,155],{"class":97},[39,159994,61],{"class":53},[39,159996,44883],{"class":2523},[39,159998,1026],{"class":53},[20,160000,458],{},[30,160002,160004],{"className":32,"code":160003,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass 'int'>\nTrue\n",[15,160005,160006,160020],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160007,160008,160010,160012,160014,160016,160018],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160009,2914],{"class":49},[39,160011,2917],{"class":1689},[39,160013,2920],{"class":243},[39,160015,1813],{"class":247},[39,160017,629],{"class":243},[39,160019,2927],{"class":49},[39,160021,160022],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160023,3605],{"class":3477},[20,160025,160026,160027,160029],{},"For many beginner condition checks, ",[15,160028,44412],{}," is more practical.",[30,160031,160033],{"className":32,"code":160032,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\n\nif isinstance(value, int):\n    print(\"This is an integer\")\n",[15,160034,160035,160043,160047,160063],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160036,160037,160039,160041],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160038,2070],{"class":45},[39,160040,50],{"class":49},[39,160042,34457],{"class":57},[39,160044,160045],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160046,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,160048,160049,160051,160053,160055,160057,160059,160061],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,160050,511],{"class":572},[39,160052,49219],{"class":112},[39,160054,101],{"class":53},[39,160056,155],{"class":97},[39,160058,61],{"class":53},[39,160060,44883],{"class":2523},[39,160062,7958],{"class":53},[39,160064,160065,160067,160069,160071,160074,160076],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,160066,603],{"class":112},[39,160068,101],{"class":53},[39,160070,244],{"class":243},[39,160072,160073],{"class":247},"This is an integer",[39,160075,244],{"class":243},[39,160077,80],{"class":53},[20,160079,128,160080,160082],{},[15,160081,1926],{}," when you want to inspect or print the exact type.",[20,160084,128,160085,160087,160088,6788],{},[15,160086,44412],{}," when you want to check a type inside logic such as ",[15,160089,511],{},[20,160091,160092,160093,94],{},"See the dedicated guide for more detail: ",[173,160094,3202,160096,3135],{"href":160095},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-isinstance-function-explained\u002F",[15,160097,44412],{},[134,160099,160101,160102],{"id":160100},"the-three-argument-form-of-type","The three-argument form of ",[15,160103,1926],{},[20,160105,160106],{},"Python also supports this advanced form:",[30,160108,160110],{"className":32,"code":160109,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"type(name, bases, dict)\n",[15,160111,160112],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160113,160114,160116,160118,160120,160122,160125,160127,160129],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160115,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160117,101],{"class":53},[39,160119,7285],{"class":97},[39,160121,61],{"class":53},[39,160123,160124],{"class":97}," bases",[39,160126,61],{"class":53},[39,160128,8783],{"class":2523},[39,160130,80],{"class":53},[20,160132,160133],{},"This creates a new class dynamically.",[20,160135,515],{},[30,160137,160139],{"className":32,"code":160138,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Person = type(\"Person\", (), {\"species\": \"human\"})\n\nprint(Person)\nprint(Person.species)\n",[15,160140,160141,160184,160188,160198],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160142,160143,160146,160148,160150,160152,160154,160157,160159,160161,160164,160166,160168,160171,160173,160175,160177,160180,160182],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160144,160145],{"class":45},"Person ",[39,160147,50],{"class":49},[39,160149,48996],{"class":2523},[39,160151,101],{"class":53},[39,160153,244],{"class":243},[39,160155,160156],{"class":247},"Person",[39,160158,244],{"class":243},[39,160160,61],{"class":53},[39,160162,160163],{"class":53}," (),",[39,160165,10103],{"class":53},[39,160167,244],{"class":243},[39,160169,160170],{"class":247},"species",[39,160172,244],{"class":243},[39,160174,145],{"class":53},[39,160176,255],{"class":243},[39,160178,160179],{"class":247},"human",[39,160181,244],{"class":243},[39,160183,30109],{"class":53},[39,160185,160186],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160187,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,160189,160190,160192,160194,160196],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,160191,113],{"class":112},[39,160193,101],{"class":53},[39,160195,160156],{"class":97},[39,160197,80],{"class":53},[39,160199,160200,160202,160204,160206,160208,160210],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,160201,113],{"class":112},[39,160203,101],{"class":53},[39,160205,160156],{"class":97},[39,160207,94],{"class":53},[39,160209,160170],{"class":997},[39,160211,80],{"class":53},[20,160213,458],{},[30,160215,160217],{"className":32,"code":160216,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"\u003Cclass '__main__.Person'>\nhuman\n",[15,160218,160219,160234],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160220,160221,160223,160225,160227,160230,160232],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160222,2914],{"class":49},[39,160224,2917],{"class":1689},[39,160226,2920],{"class":243},[39,160228,160229],{"class":247},"__main__.Person",[39,160231,629],{"class":243},[39,160233,2927],{"class":49},[39,160235,160236],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160237,160238],{"class":45},"human\n",[20,160240,160241,160242,160244],{},"Most beginners do ",[3367,160243,4254],{}," need this form.",[20,160246,160247],{},"It is mainly used in advanced Python code involving classes and metaprogramming. For everyday learning and debugging, the one-argument form is the important one.",[134,160249,4584,160251],{"id":160250},"when-to-use-type",[15,160252,1926],{},[20,160254,160255,12056],{},[15,160256,1926],{},[147,160258,160259,160262,160265,160268],{},[150,160260,160261],{},"debug unexpected values",[150,160263,160264],{},"check what a conversion produced",[150,160266,160267],{},"learn Python data types",[150,160269,160270],{},"inspect objects while reading examples",[20,160272,5088],{},[30,160274,160276],{"className":32,"code":160275,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"text = \"123\"\nnumber = int(text)\n\nprint(type(text))\nprint(type(number))\n",[15,160277,160278,160290,160304,160308,160322],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160279,160280,160282,160284,160286,160288],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160281,34302],{"class":45},[39,160283,50],{"class":49},[39,160285,255],{"class":243},[39,160287,49852],{"class":247},[39,160289,2983],{"class":243},[39,160291,160292,160294,160296,160298,160300,160302],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160293,1842],{"class":45},[39,160295,50],{"class":49},[39,160297,44883],{"class":2523},[39,160299,101],{"class":53},[39,160301,34323],{"class":97},[39,160303,80],{"class":53},[39,160305,160306],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,160307,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,160309,160310,160312,160314,160316,160318,160320],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,160311,113],{"class":112},[39,160313,101],{"class":53},[39,160315,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160317,101],{"class":53},[39,160319,34323],{"class":97},[39,160321,1026],{"class":53},[39,160323,160324,160326,160328,160330,160332,160334],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,160325,113],{"class":112},[39,160327,101],{"class":53},[39,160329,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160331,101],{"class":53},[39,160333,1864],{"class":97},[39,160335,1026],{"class":53},[20,160337,458],{},[30,160339,160340],{"className":32,"code":124659,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,160341,160342,160356],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160343,160344,160346,160348,160350,160352,160354],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160345,2914],{"class":49},[39,160347,2917],{"class":1689},[39,160349,2920],{"class":243},[39,160351,3069],{"class":247},[39,160353,629],{"class":243},[39,160355,2927],{"class":49},[39,160357,160358,160360,160362,160364,160366,160368],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160359,2914],{"class":49},[39,160361,2917],{"class":1689},[39,160363,2920],{"class":243},[39,160365,1813],{"class":247},[39,160367,629],{"class":243},[39,160369,2927],{"class":49},[20,160371,160372],{},"This helps you see the difference between text and numbers clearly.",[20,160374,160375,160376,1814,160380,16685,160384,160388],{},"If you need to convert values after checking them, functions like ",[173,160377,160378],{"href":41783},[15,160379,47289],{},[173,160381,160382],{"href":2496},[15,160383,2499],{},[173,160385,160386],{"href":2502},[15,160387,2505],{}," are often the next step.",[134,160390,24969],{"id":24968},[20,160392,160393,160394,160396],{},"A few things about ",[15,160395,1926],{}," often confuse beginners.",[223,160398,160400,160403],{"id":160399},"type5-does-not-return-plain-text",[15,160401,160402],{},"type(5)"," does not return plain text",[20,160405,64235],{},[30,160407,160409],{"className":32,"code":160408,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(5))\n",[15,160410,160411],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160412,160413,160415,160417,160419,160421,160423],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160414,113],{"class":112},[39,160416,101],{"class":53},[39,160418,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160420,101],{"class":53},[39,160422,1376],{"class":57},[39,160424,1026],{"class":53},[20,160426,122502],{},[30,160428,160429],{"className":32,"code":155878,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,160430,160431],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160432,160433,160435,160437,160439,160441,160443],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160434,2914],{"class":49},[39,160436,2917],{"class":1689},[39,160438,2920],{"class":243},[39,160440,1813],{"class":247},[39,160442,629],{"class":243},[39,160444,2927],{"class":49},[20,160446,40517,160447,160449,160450,94],{},[3367,160448,4254],{}," print just ",[15,160451,1813],{},[20,160453,6293,160454,160456],{},[15,160455,1926],{}," returns a class object.",[223,160458,160460,476,160462],{"id":160459},"input-returns-str",[15,160461,2580],{},[15,160463,3069],{},[20,160465,79132],{},[30,160467,160469],{"className":32,"code":160468,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = input(\"Enter something: \")\nprint(type(value))\n",[15,160470,160471,160489],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160472,160473,160475,160477,160479,160481,160483,160485,160487],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160474,2070],{"class":45},[39,160476,50],{"class":49},[39,160478,7858],{"class":112},[39,160480,101],{"class":53},[39,160482,244],{"class":243},[39,160484,45916],{"class":247},[39,160486,244],{"class":243},[39,160488,80],{"class":53},[39,160490,160491,160493,160495,160497,160499,160501],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160492,113],{"class":112},[39,160494,101],{"class":53},[39,160496,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160498,101],{"class":53},[39,160500,155],{"class":97},[39,160502,1026],{"class":53},[20,160504,160505],{},"No matter what the user types, the result is a string unless you convert it.",[20,160507,160508,160509,177,160511,94],{},"If you need a number, use ",[15,160510,2499],{},[15,160512,2505],{},[223,160514,160516],{"id":160515},"comparing-type-names-as-strings-is-usually-not-the-best-idea","Comparing type names as strings is usually not the best idea",[20,160518,160519],{},"Avoid code like this:",[30,160521,160523],{"className":32,"code":160522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\n\nif str(type(value)) == \"\u003Cclass 'int'>\":\n    print(\"It is an int\")\n",[15,160524,160525,160533,160537,160563],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160526,160527,160529,160531],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160528,2070],{"class":45},[39,160530,50],{"class":49},[39,160532,34457],{"class":57},[39,160534,160535],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160536,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,160538,160539,160541,160543,160545,160547,160549,160551,160553,160555,160557,160559,160561],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,160540,511],{"class":572},[39,160542,48510],{"class":2523},[39,160544,101],{"class":53},[39,160546,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160548,101],{"class":53},[39,160550,155],{"class":97},[39,160552,303],{"class":53},[39,160554,6023],{"class":49},[39,160556,255],{"class":243},[39,160558,159257],{"class":247},[39,160560,244],{"class":243},[39,160562,598],{"class":53},[39,160564,160565,160567,160569,160571,160574,160576],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,160566,603],{"class":112},[39,160568,101],{"class":53},[39,160570,244],{"class":243},[39,160572,160573],{"class":247},"It is an int",[39,160575,244],{"class":243},[39,160577,80],{"class":53},[20,160579,160580],{},"This works, but it is not a good approach.",[20,160582,160583],{},"Better options:",[30,160585,160587],{"className":32,"code":160586,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"value = 5\n\nprint(type(value) == int)\nprint(isinstance(value, int))\n",[15,160588,160589,160597,160601,160621],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160590,160591,160593,160595],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160592,2070],{"class":45},[39,160594,50],{"class":49},[39,160596,34457],{"class":57},[39,160598,160599],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160600,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,160602,160603,160605,160607,160609,160611,160613,160615,160617,160619],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,160604,113],{"class":112},[39,160606,101],{"class":53},[39,160608,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160610,101],{"class":53},[39,160612,155],{"class":97},[39,160614,121],{"class":53},[39,160616,6023],{"class":49},[39,160618,44883],{"class":2523},[39,160620,80],{"class":53},[39,160622,160623,160625,160627,160629,160631,160633,160635,160637],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,160624,113],{"class":112},[39,160626,101],{"class":53},[39,160628,48481],{"class":112},[39,160630,101],{"class":53},[39,160632,155],{"class":97},[39,160634,61],{"class":53},[39,160636,44883],{"class":2523},[39,160638,1026],{"class":53},[20,160640,458],{},[30,160642,160643],{"className":32,"code":4127,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,160644,160645,160649],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160646,160647],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160648,3605],{"class":3477},[39,160650,160651],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160652,3605],{"class":3477},[20,160654,160655,160656,160658],{},"In most real code, ",[15,160657,44412],{}," is the more useful check.",[134,160660,944],{"id":943},[20,160662,14344,160663,145],{},[15,160664,1926],{},[147,160666,160667,160677,160686,160695],{},[150,160668,948,160669,160671,160672,160676],{},[15,160670,1926],{}," to check user input and forgetting that ",[173,160673,160674],{"href":7835},[15,160675,2580],{}," always returns a string",[150,160678,1030,160679,160681,160682,10705,160684],{},[15,160680,1926],{}," to return plain text like ",[15,160683,1813],{},[15,160685,159257],{},[150,160687,948,160688,44236,160691,160694],{},[15,160689,160690],{},"type(x) == SomeType",[15,160692,160693],{},"isinstance(x, SomeType)"," is more appropriate",[150,160696,160697],{},"Confusing the basic one-argument form with the advanced class-creation form",[20,160699,160700,160701,94],{},"If your problem is really about bad input or failed conversion, you may also want to read ",[173,160702,160704],{"href":160703},"\u002Ferrors\u002Ftypeerror-vs-valueerror-in-python-explained\u002F","TypeError vs ValueError in Python explained",[20,160706,144167],{},[30,160708,160710],{"className":32,"code":160709,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(type(value))\nprint(value)\nprint(repr(value))\nhelp(type)\ndir(value)\n",[15,160711,160712,160726,160736,160750,160760],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160713,160714,160716,160718,160720,160722,160724],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160715,113],{"class":112},[39,160717,101],{"class":53},[39,160719,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160721,101],{"class":53},[39,160723,155],{"class":97},[39,160725,1026],{"class":53},[39,160727,160728,160730,160732,160734],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160729,113],{"class":112},[39,160731,101],{"class":53},[39,160733,155],{"class":97},[39,160735,80],{"class":53},[39,160737,160738,160740,160742,160744,160746,160748],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,160739,113],{"class":112},[39,160741,101],{"class":53},[39,160743,41388],{"class":112},[39,160745,101],{"class":53},[39,160747,155],{"class":97},[39,160749,1026],{"class":53},[39,160751,160752,160754,160756,160758],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,160753,31766],{"class":112},[39,160755,101],{"class":53},[39,160757,2845],{"class":2523},[39,160759,80],{"class":53},[39,160761,160762,160764,160766,160768],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,160763,33986],{"class":112},[39,160765,101],{"class":53},[39,160767,155],{"class":97},[39,160769,80],{"class":53},[20,160771,160772],{},"These can help you understand both the value and the object you are working with.",[134,160774,1454],{"id":1453},[223,160776,1458,160778,1461],{"id":160777},"what-does-type-return-in-python",[15,160779,1926],{},[20,160781,160782,160783,1814,160785,1814,160787,1818,160789,160791,160792,94],{},"It returns the type of an object, such as ",[15,160784,3069],{},[15,160786,1813],{},[15,160788,7710],{},[15,160790,8433],{},", shown as a class object like ",[15,160793,159254],{},[223,160795,14514,160797,56807,160799,929],{"id":160796},"is-type-the-same-as-isinstance",[15,160798,1926],{},[15,160800,44412],{},[20,160802,45971,160803,160805,160806,160808],{},[15,160804,1926],{}," shows the exact type. ",[15,160807,44412],{}," checks whether a value is an instance of a type.",[223,160810,922,160812,160815,160816,929],{"id":160811},"why-does-typeinputenter-show-str",[15,160813,160814],{},"type(input(\"Enter: \"))"," show ",[15,160817,3069],{},[20,160819,28673,160820,160822,160823,177,160825,159916],{},[15,160821,2580],{}," always returns text. Convert it with ",[15,160824,2499],{},[15,160826,2505],{},[223,160828,1487,160830,160832],{"id":160829},"can-type-create-classes",[15,160831,1926],{}," create classes?",[20,160834,160835,160836,94],{},"Yes, in its three-argument form, but most beginners only need ",[15,160837,160838],{},"type(object)",[134,160840,1514],{"id":1513},[147,160842,160843,160847,160853,160859,160863,160869,160875],{},[150,160844,160845],{},[173,160846,44404],{"href":48584},[150,160848,160849],{},[173,160850,3202,160851,3135],{"href":160095},[15,160852,44412],{},[150,160854,160855],{},[173,160856,3202,160857,3135],{"href":7835},[15,160858,2580],{},[150,160860,160861],{},[173,160862,8670],{"href":8592},[150,160864,160865],{},[173,160866,3202,160867,3135],{"href":2496},[15,160868,2499],{},[150,160870,160871],{},[173,160872,3202,160873,3135],{"href":2502},[15,160874,2505],{},[150,160876,160877],{},[173,160878,3202,160879,3135],{"href":41783},[15,160880,47289],{},[1550,160882,160883],{},"html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .skxfh, html code.shiki .skxfh{--shiki-light:#E53935;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":160885},[160886,160887,160889,160890,160891,160893,160895,160897,160899,160906,160907,160917],{"id":3234,"depth":83,"text":3235},{"id":159260,"depth":83,"text":160888},"What the type() function does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":121471,"depth":83,"text":121472},{"id":159618,"depth":83,"text":160892},"Using type() with variables",{"id":159924,"depth":83,"text":160894},"type() vs isinstance()",{"id":160100,"depth":83,"text":160896},"The three-argument form of type()",{"id":160250,"depth":83,"text":160898},"When to use type()",{"id":24968,"depth":83,"text":24969,"children":160900},[160901,160903,160905],{"id":160399,"depth":109,"text":160902},"type(5) does not return plain text",{"id":160459,"depth":109,"text":160904},"input() returns str",{"id":160515,"depth":109,"text":160516},{"id":943,"depth":83,"text":944},{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":160908},[160909,160911,160913,160915],{"id":160777,"depth":109,"text":160910},"What does type() return in Python?",{"id":160796,"depth":109,"text":160912},"Is type() the same as isinstance()?",{"id":160811,"depth":109,"text":160914},"Why does type(input(\"Enter: \")) show str?",{"id":160829,"depth":109,"text":160916},"Can type() create classes?",{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python type function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},{"title":159094,"description":160918},"reference\u002Fpython-type-function-explained","lFC3dTd8qBenijQclazGCNFBbd8GpCTjh_Z1roTe7DM",{"id":160924,"title":160925,"body":160926,"description":163405,"extension":1587,"meta":163406,"navigation":420,"path":163407,"seo":163408,"stem":163409,"__hash__":163410},"content\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained.md","Python zip() Function Explained",{"type":7,"value":160927,"toc":163362},[160928,160933,160938,160947,160949,161049,161051,161076,161081,161086,161102,161105,161107,161109,161134,161137,161140,161223,161225,161274,161277,161399,161401,161474,161478,161481,161595,161597,161623,161625,161646,161651,161655,161660,161663,161767,161769,161786,161795,161798,161885,161887,161898,161903,161909,161914,161920,161923,162016,162018,162067,162073,162076,162177,162179,162232,162237,162241,162244,162343,162345,162384,162387,162392,162394,162399,162403,162516,162520,162617,162621,162709,162711,162728,162732,162855,162861,162867,162873,162878,162881,162908,162912,162914,163008,163011,163015,163018,163105,163108,163143,163145,163182,163185,163193,163198,163203,163277,163284,163286,163291,163294,163300,163303,163309,163314,163320,163325,163329,163332,163334,163359],[10,160929,3202,160931,3206],{"id":160930},"python-zip-function-explained",[15,160932,63911],{},[20,160934,160935,160937],{},[15,160936,63911],{}," is a built-in Python function that combines items from two or more iterables by position.",[20,160939,160940,160941,160943,160944,160946],{},"It is useful when you want to work with related values at the same time, such as names and scores, or keys and values. Beginners often use ",[15,160942,63911],{}," inside a ",[15,160945,5574],{}," loop or convert its result into a list or dictionary.",[134,160948,1629],{"id":1628},[30,160950,160952],{"className":32,"code":160951,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,160953,160954,160986,161006,161010,161035],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,160955,160956,160958,160960,160962,160964,160966,160968,160970,160972,160974,160976,160978,160980,160982,160984],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,160957,4618],{"class":45},[39,160959,50],{"class":49},[39,160961,3249],{"class":53},[39,160963,244],{"class":243},[39,160965,12492],{"class":247},[39,160967,244],{"class":243},[39,160969,61],{"class":53},[39,160971,255],{"class":243},[39,160973,35555],{"class":247},[39,160975,244],{"class":243},[39,160977,61],{"class":53},[39,160979,255],{"class":243},[39,160981,35564],{"class":247},[39,160983,244],{"class":243},[39,160985,3262],{"class":53},[39,160987,160988,160990,160992,160994,160996,160998,161000,161002,161004],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,160989,675],{"class":45},[39,160991,50],{"class":49},[39,160993,3249],{"class":53},[39,160995,13112],{"class":57},[39,160997,61],{"class":53},[39,160999,13117],{"class":57},[39,161001,61],{"class":53},[39,161003,28532],{"class":57},[39,161005,3262],{"class":53},[39,161007,161008],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161009,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,161011,161012,161014,161016,161018,161020,161022,161025,161027,161029,161031,161033],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,161013,5574],{"class":572},[39,161015,35606],{"class":45},[39,161017,61],{"class":53},[39,161019,4728],{"class":45},[39,161021,1128],{"class":572},[39,161023,161024],{"class":112}," zip",[39,161026,101],{"class":53},[39,161028,4662],{"class":97},[39,161030,61],{"class":53},[39,161032,714],{"class":97},[39,161034,7958],{"class":53},[39,161036,161037,161039,161041,161043,161045,161047],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,161038,603],{"class":112},[39,161040,101],{"class":53},[39,161042,7285],{"class":97},[39,161044,61],{"class":53},[39,161046,130447],{"class":97},[39,161048,80],{"class":53},[20,161050,458],{},[30,161052,161054],{"className":32,"code":161053,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana 90\nBen 85\nCara 88\n",[15,161055,161056,161062,161069],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161057,161058,161060],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161059,133466],{"class":45},[39,161061,32750],{"class":57},[39,161063,161064,161067],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161065,161066],{"class":45},"Ben ",[39,161068,32755],{"class":57},[39,161070,161071,161074],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161072,161073],{"class":45},"Cara ",[39,161075,32760],{"class":57},[20,161077,128,161078,161080],{},[15,161079,63911],{}," when you want to loop through two or more iterables at the same time. It pairs items by position.",[134,161082,137,161084,140],{"id":161083},"what-zip-does",[15,161085,63911],{},[147,161087,161088,161093,161096,161099],{},[150,161089,161090,161092],{},[15,161091,63911],{}," combines items from two or more iterables",[150,161094,161095],{},"It groups items by matching positions",[150,161097,161098],{},"The result is a zip object, which is an iterator",[150,161100,161101],{},"A zip object can be looped over or converted to a list",[20,161103,161104],{},"For example, if you combine two lists, the first item from each list becomes one pair, the second item from each list becomes another pair, and so on.",[134,161106,1781],{"id":1780},[20,161108,6834],{},[30,161110,161112],{"className":32,"code":161111,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"zip(iterable1, iterable2, ...)\n",[15,161113,161114],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161115,161116,161118,161120,161123,161125,161128,161130,161132],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161117,63981],{"class":112},[39,161119,101],{"class":53},[39,161121,161122],{"class":97},"iterable1",[39,161124,61],{"class":53},[39,161126,161127],{"class":97}," iterable2",[39,161129,61],{"class":53},[39,161131,34068],{"class":112},[39,161133,80],{"class":53},[20,161135,161136],{},"Each step creates one tuple of matched items.",[20,161138,161139],{},"If you pass two iterables, each result item has two values:",[30,161141,161143],{"className":32,"code":161142,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"numbers = [1, 2, 3]\nletters = [\"a\", \"b\", \"c\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(numbers, letters)))\n",[15,161144,161145,161165,161197,161201],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161146,161147,161149,161151,161153,161155,161157,161159,161161,161163],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161148,46],{"class":45},[39,161150,50],{"class":49},[39,161152,3249],{"class":53},[39,161154,58],{"class":57},[39,161156,61],{"class":53},[39,161158,64],{"class":57},[39,161160,61],{"class":53},[39,161162,73],{"class":57},[39,161164,3262],{"class":53},[39,161166,161167,161169,161171,161173,161175,161177,161179,161181,161183,161185,161187,161189,161191,161193,161195],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161168,1053],{"class":45},[39,161170,50],{"class":49},[39,161172,3249],{"class":53},[39,161174,244],{"class":243},[39,161176,173],{"class":247},[39,161178,244],{"class":243},[39,161180,61],{"class":53},[39,161182,255],{"class":243},[39,161184,1070],{"class":247},[39,161186,244],{"class":243},[39,161188,61],{"class":53},[39,161190,255],{"class":243},[39,161192,9352],{"class":247},[39,161194,244],{"class":243},[39,161196,3262],{"class":53},[39,161198,161199],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161200,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,161202,161203,161205,161207,161209,161211,161213,161215,161217,161219,161221],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,161204,113],{"class":112},[39,161206,101],{"class":53},[39,161208,7710],{"class":2523},[39,161210,101],{"class":53},[39,161212,63981],{"class":112},[39,161214,101],{"class":53},[39,161216,992],{"class":97},[39,161218,61],{"class":53},[39,161220,1091],{"class":97},[39,161222,2534],{"class":53},[20,161224,458],{},[30,161226,161228],{"className":32,"code":161227,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[(1, 'a'), (2, 'b'), (3, 'c')]\n",[15,161229,161230],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161231,161232,161234,161236,161238,161240,161242,161244,161246,161248,161250,161252,161254,161256,161258,161260,161262,161264,161266,161268,161270,161272],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161233,21352],{"class":53},[39,161235,58],{"class":57},[39,161237,61],{"class":53},[39,161239,2920],{"class":243},[39,161241,173],{"class":247},[39,161243,629],{"class":243},[39,161245,8846],{"class":53},[39,161247,54],{"class":53},[39,161249,104],{"class":57},[39,161251,61],{"class":53},[39,161253,2920],{"class":243},[39,161255,1070],{"class":247},[39,161257,629],{"class":243},[39,161259,8846],{"class":53},[39,161261,54],{"class":53},[39,161263,479],{"class":57},[39,161265,61],{"class":53},[39,161267,2920],{"class":243},[39,161269,9352],{"class":247},[39,161271,629],{"class":243},[39,161273,8861],{"class":53},[20,161275,161276],{},"If you pass three iterables, each result item has three values:",[30,161278,161280],{"className":32,"code":161279,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\ngrades = [\"A\", \"B\", \"B+\"]\n\nprint(list(zip(names, scores, grades)))\n",[15,161281,161282,161314,161334,161368,161372],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161283,161284,161286,161288,161290,161292,161294,161296,161298,161300,161302,161304,161306,161308,161310,161312],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161285,4618],{"class":45},[39,161287,50],{"class":49},[39,161289,3249],{"class":53},[39,161291,244],{"class":243},[39,161293,12492],{"class":247},[39,161295,244],{"class":243},[39,161297,61],{"class":53},[39,161299,255],{"class":243},[39,161301,35555],{"class":247},[39,161303,244],{"class":243},[39,161305,61],{"class":53},[39,161307,255],{"class":243},[39,161309,35564],{"class":247},[39,161311,244],{"class":243},[39,161313,3262],{"class":53},[39,161315,161316,161318,161320,161322,161324,161326,161328,161330,161332],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161317,675],{"class":45},[39,161319,50],{"class":49},[39,161321,3249],{"class":53},[39,161323,13112],{"class":57},[39,161325,61],{"class":53},[39,161327,13117],{"class":57},[39,161329,61],{"class":53},[39,161331,28532],{"class":57},[39,161333,3262],{"class":53},[39,161335,161336,161339,161341,161343,161345,161347,161349,161351,161353,161355,161357,161359,161361,161364,161366],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161337,161338],{"class":45},"grades ",[39,161340,50],{"class":49},[39,161342,3249],{"class":53},[39,161344,244],{"class":243},[39,161346,21857],{"class":247},[39,161348,244],{"class":243},[39,161350,61],{"class":53},[39,161352,255],{"class":243},[39,161354,30213],{"class":247},[39,161356,244],{"class":243},[39,161358,61],{"class":53},[39,161360,255],{"class":243},[39,161362,161363],{"class":247},"B+",[39,161365,244],{"class":243},[39,161367,3262],{"class":53},[39,161369,161370],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,161371,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,161373,161374,161376,161378,161380,161382,161384,161386,161388,161390,161392,161394,161397],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,161375,113],{"class":112},[39,161377,101],{"class":53},[39,161379,7710],{"class":2523},[39,161381,101],{"class":53},[39,161383,63981],{"class":112},[39,161385,101],{"class":53},[39,161387,4662],{"class":97},[39,161389,61],{"class":53},[39,161391,714],{"class":97},[39,161393,61],{"class":53},[39,161395,161396],{"class":97}," grades",[39,161398,2534],{"class":53},[20,161400,458],{},[30,161402,161404],{"className":32,"code":161403,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('Ana', 90, 'A'), ('Ben', 85, 'B'), ('Cara', 88, 'B+')]\n",[15,161405,161406],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161407,161408,161410,161412,161414,161416,161418,161420,161422,161424,161426,161428,161430,161432,161434,161436,161438,161440,161442,161444,161446,161448,161450,161452,161454,161456,161458,161460,161462,161464,161466,161468,161470,161472],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161409,21352],{"class":53},[39,161411,629],{"class":243},[39,161413,12492],{"class":247},[39,161415,629],{"class":243},[39,161417,61],{"class":53},[39,161419,19511],{"class":57},[39,161421,61],{"class":53},[39,161423,2920],{"class":243},[39,161425,21857],{"class":247},[39,161427,629],{"class":243},[39,161429,8846],{"class":53},[39,161431,54],{"class":53},[39,161433,629],{"class":243},[39,161435,35555],{"class":247},[39,161437,629],{"class":243},[39,161439,61],{"class":53},[39,161441,13117],{"class":57},[39,161443,61],{"class":53},[39,161445,2920],{"class":243},[39,161447,30213],{"class":247},[39,161449,629],{"class":243},[39,161451,8846],{"class":53},[39,161453,54],{"class":53},[39,161455,629],{"class":243},[39,161457,35564],{"class":247},[39,161459,629],{"class":243},[39,161461,61],{"class":53},[39,161463,28532],{"class":57},[39,161465,61],{"class":53},[39,161467,2920],{"class":243},[39,161469,161363],{"class":247},[39,161471,629],{"class":243},[39,161473,8861],{"class":53},[134,161475,161477],{"id":161476},"simple-example-with-two-lists","Simple example with two lists",[20,161479,161480],{},"A common beginner use is looping through two related lists at the same time.",[30,161482,161484],{"className":32,"code":161483,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name} scored {score}\")\n",[15,161485,161486,161518,161538,161542,161566],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161487,161488,161490,161492,161494,161496,161498,161500,161502,161504,161506,161508,161510,161512,161514,161516],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161489,4618],{"class":45},[39,161491,50],{"class":49},[39,161493,3249],{"class":53},[39,161495,244],{"class":243},[39,161497,12492],{"class":247},[39,161499,244],{"class":243},[39,161501,61],{"class":53},[39,161503,255],{"class":243},[39,161505,35555],{"class":247},[39,161507,244],{"class":243},[39,161509,61],{"class":53},[39,161511,255],{"class":243},[39,161513,35564],{"class":247},[39,161515,244],{"class":243},[39,161517,3262],{"class":53},[39,161519,161520,161522,161524,161526,161528,161530,161532,161534,161536],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161521,675],{"class":45},[39,161523,50],{"class":49},[39,161525,3249],{"class":53},[39,161527,13112],{"class":57},[39,161529,61],{"class":53},[39,161531,13117],{"class":57},[39,161533,61],{"class":53},[39,161535,28532],{"class":57},[39,161537,3262],{"class":53},[39,161539,161540],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161541,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,161543,161544,161546,161548,161550,161552,161554,161556,161558,161560,161562,161564],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,161545,5574],{"class":572},[39,161547,35606],{"class":45},[39,161549,61],{"class":53},[39,161551,4728],{"class":45},[39,161553,1128],{"class":572},[39,161555,161024],{"class":112},[39,161557,101],{"class":53},[39,161559,4662],{"class":97},[39,161561,61],{"class":53},[39,161563,714],{"class":97},[39,161565,7958],{"class":53},[39,161567,161568,161570,161572,161574,161576,161578,161580,161582,161585,161587,161589,161591,161593],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,161569,603],{"class":112},[39,161571,101],{"class":53},[39,161573,21906],{"class":1689},[39,161575,244],{"class":247},[39,161577,8890],{"class":57},[39,161579,7285],{"class":97},[39,161581,21915],{"class":57},[39,161583,161584],{"class":247}," scored ",[39,161586,8890],{"class":57},[39,161588,85110],{"class":97},[39,161590,21915],{"class":57},[39,161592,244],{"class":247},[39,161594,80],{"class":53},[20,161596,458],{},[30,161598,161600],{"className":32,"code":161599,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana scored 90\nBen scored 85\nCara scored 88\n",[15,161601,161602,161609,161616],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161603,161604,161607],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161605,161606],{"class":45},"Ana scored ",[39,161608,32750],{"class":57},[39,161610,161611,161614],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161612,161613],{"class":45},"Ben scored ",[39,161615,32755],{"class":57},[39,161617,161618,161621],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161619,161620],{"class":45},"Cara scored ",[39,161622,32760],{"class":57},[20,161624,44537],{},[147,161626,161627,161636,161639],{},[150,161628,161629,161632,161633],{},[15,161630,161631],{},"zip(names, scores)"," creates pairs like ",[15,161634,161635],{},"(\"Ana\", 90)",[150,161637,161638],{},"The loop runs once for each pair",[150,161640,161641,796,161643,161645],{},[15,161642,7285],{},[15,161644,85110],{}," unpack the tuple into separate variables",[20,161647,161648,161649,94],{},"If tuple unpacking feels unfamiliar, it may help to first practice ",[173,161650,69204],{"href":69203},[134,161652,161654],{"id":161653},"what-happens-when-lengths-are-different","What happens when lengths are different",[20,161656,161657,161659],{},[15,161658,63911],{}," stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,161661,161662],{},"That means extra items in longer iterables are ignored.",[30,161664,161666],{"className":32,"code":161665,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,161667,161668,161709,161725,161729,161753],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161669,161670,161672,161674,161676,161678,161680,161682,161684,161686,161688,161690,161692,161694,161696,161698,161700,161702,161705,161707],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161671,4618],{"class":45},[39,161673,50],{"class":49},[39,161675,3249],{"class":53},[39,161677,244],{"class":243},[39,161679,12492],{"class":247},[39,161681,244],{"class":243},[39,161683,61],{"class":53},[39,161685,255],{"class":243},[39,161687,35555],{"class":247},[39,161689,244],{"class":243},[39,161691,61],{"class":53},[39,161693,255],{"class":243},[39,161695,35564],{"class":247},[39,161697,244],{"class":243},[39,161699,61],{"class":53},[39,161701,255],{"class":243},[39,161703,161704],{"class":247},"Dan",[39,161706,244],{"class":243},[39,161708,3262],{"class":53},[39,161710,161711,161713,161715,161717,161719,161721,161723],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161712,675],{"class":45},[39,161714,50],{"class":49},[39,161716,3249],{"class":53},[39,161718,13112],{"class":57},[39,161720,61],{"class":53},[39,161722,13117],{"class":57},[39,161724,3262],{"class":53},[39,161726,161727],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161728,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,161730,161731,161733,161735,161737,161739,161741,161743,161745,161747,161749,161751],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,161732,5574],{"class":572},[39,161734,35606],{"class":45},[39,161736,61],{"class":53},[39,161738,4728],{"class":45},[39,161740,1128],{"class":572},[39,161742,161024],{"class":112},[39,161744,101],{"class":53},[39,161746,4662],{"class":97},[39,161748,61],{"class":53},[39,161750,714],{"class":97},[39,161752,7958],{"class":53},[39,161754,161755,161757,161759,161761,161763,161765],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,161756,603],{"class":112},[39,161758,101],{"class":53},[39,161760,7285],{"class":97},[39,161762,61],{"class":53},[39,161764,130447],{"class":97},[39,161766,80],{"class":53},[20,161768,458],{},[30,161770,161772],{"className":32,"code":161771,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"Ana 90\nBen 85\n",[15,161773,161774,161780],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161775,161776,161778],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161777,133466],{"class":45},[39,161779,32750],{"class":57},[39,161781,161782,161784],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161783,161066],{"class":45},[39,161785,32755],{"class":57},[20,161787,1910,161788,796,161791,161794],{},[15,161789,161790],{},"\"Cara\"",[15,161792,161793],{},"\"Dan\""," are not used.",[20,161796,161797],{},"This behavior is often helpful, but it can also hide mistakes. If you expected all items to be paired, check the lengths first:",[30,161799,161801],{"className":32,"code":161800,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\", \"Dan\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nprint(len(names), len(scores))\n",[15,161802,161803,161843,161859,161863],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161804,161805,161807,161809,161811,161813,161815,161817,161819,161821,161823,161825,161827,161829,161831,161833,161835,161837,161839,161841],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161806,4618],{"class":45},[39,161808,50],{"class":49},[39,161810,3249],{"class":53},[39,161812,244],{"class":243},[39,161814,12492],{"class":247},[39,161816,244],{"class":243},[39,161818,61],{"class":53},[39,161820,255],{"class":243},[39,161822,35555],{"class":247},[39,161824,244],{"class":243},[39,161826,61],{"class":53},[39,161828,255],{"class":243},[39,161830,35564],{"class":247},[39,161832,244],{"class":243},[39,161834,61],{"class":53},[39,161836,255],{"class":243},[39,161838,161704],{"class":247},[39,161840,244],{"class":243},[39,161842,3262],{"class":53},[39,161844,161845,161847,161849,161851,161853,161855,161857],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161846,675],{"class":45},[39,161848,50],{"class":49},[39,161850,3249],{"class":53},[39,161852,13112],{"class":57},[39,161854,61],{"class":53},[39,161856,13117],{"class":57},[39,161858,3262],{"class":53},[39,161860,161861],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161862,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,161864,161865,161867,161869,161871,161873,161875,161877,161879,161881,161883],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,161866,113],{"class":112},[39,161868,101],{"class":53},[39,161870,10775],{"class":112},[39,161872,101],{"class":53},[39,161874,4662],{"class":97},[39,161876,8846],{"class":53},[39,161878,37997],{"class":112},[39,161880,101],{"class":53},[39,161882,16001],{"class":97},[39,161884,1026],{"class":53},[20,161886,458],{},[30,161888,161890],{"className":32,"code":161889,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"4 2\n",[15,161891,161892],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161893,161894,161896],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161895,1333],{"class":57},[39,161897,45196],{"class":57},[20,161899,161900,161901,94],{},"If missing pairs are unexpected, compare the lengths before using ",[15,161902,63911],{},[134,161904,91701,161906,161908],{"id":161905},"converting-zip-output",[15,161907,63911],{}," output",[20,161910,28673,161911,161913],{},[15,161912,63911],{}," returns a zip object, you often need to convert it.",[223,161915,128,161917],{"id":161916},"use-listzip",[15,161918,161919],{},"list(zip(...))",[20,161921,161922],{},"This is the easiest way to see all pairs at once.",[30,161924,161926],{"className":32,"code":161925,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\npairs = list(zip(names, scores))\nprint(pairs)\n",[15,161927,161928,161960,161980,161984,162006],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,161929,161930,161932,161934,161936,161938,161940,161942,161944,161946,161948,161950,161952,161954,161956,161958],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,161931,4618],{"class":45},[39,161933,50],{"class":49},[39,161935,3249],{"class":53},[39,161937,244],{"class":243},[39,161939,12492],{"class":247},[39,161941,244],{"class":243},[39,161943,61],{"class":53},[39,161945,255],{"class":243},[39,161947,35555],{"class":247},[39,161949,244],{"class":243},[39,161951,61],{"class":53},[39,161953,255],{"class":243},[39,161955,35564],{"class":247},[39,161957,244],{"class":243},[39,161959,3262],{"class":53},[39,161961,161962,161964,161966,161968,161970,161972,161974,161976,161978],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,161963,675],{"class":45},[39,161965,50],{"class":49},[39,161967,3249],{"class":53},[39,161969,13112],{"class":57},[39,161971,61],{"class":53},[39,161973,13117],{"class":57},[39,161975,61],{"class":53},[39,161977,28532],{"class":57},[39,161979,3262],{"class":53},[39,161981,161982],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,161983,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,161985,161986,161988,161990,161992,161994,161996,161998,162000,162002,162004],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,161987,8828],{"class":45},[39,161989,50],{"class":49},[39,161991,22171],{"class":2523},[39,161993,101],{"class":53},[39,161995,63981],{"class":112},[39,161997,101],{"class":53},[39,161999,4662],{"class":97},[39,162001,61],{"class":53},[39,162003,714],{"class":97},[39,162005,1026],{"class":53},[39,162007,162008,162010,162012,162014],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,162009,113],{"class":112},[39,162011,101],{"class":53},[39,162013,8874],{"class":97},[39,162015,80],{"class":53},[20,162017,458],{},[30,162019,162021],{"className":32,"code":162020,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85), ('Cara', 88)]\n",[15,162022,162023],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162024,162025,162027,162029,162031,162033,162035,162037,162039,162041,162043,162045,162047,162049,162051,162053,162055,162057,162059,162061,162063,162065],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162026,21352],{"class":53},[39,162028,629],{"class":243},[39,162030,12492],{"class":247},[39,162032,629],{"class":243},[39,162034,61],{"class":53},[39,162036,19511],{"class":57},[39,162038,8846],{"class":53},[39,162040,54],{"class":53},[39,162042,629],{"class":243},[39,162044,35555],{"class":247},[39,162046,629],{"class":243},[39,162048,61],{"class":53},[39,162050,13117],{"class":57},[39,162052,8846],{"class":53},[39,162054,54],{"class":53},[39,162056,629],{"class":243},[39,162058,35564],{"class":247},[39,162060,629],{"class":243},[39,162062,61],{"class":53},[39,162064,28532],{"class":57},[39,162066,8861],{"class":53},[223,162068,128,162070],{"id":162069},"use-dictzipkeys-values",[15,162071,162072],{},"dict(zip(keys, values))",[20,162074,162075],{},"This is a common way to build a dictionary.",[30,162077,162079],{"className":32,"code":162078,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"name\", \"age\", \"city\"]\nvalues = [\"Ana\", 25, \"Lima\"]\n\nperson = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(person)\n",[15,162080,162081,162113,162141,162145,162167],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162082,162083,162085,162087,162089,162091,162093,162095,162097,162099,162101,162103,162105,162107,162109,162111],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162084,16855],{"class":45},[39,162086,50],{"class":49},[39,162088,3249],{"class":53},[39,162090,244],{"class":243},[39,162092,7285],{"class":247},[39,162094,244],{"class":243},[39,162096,61],{"class":53},[39,162098,255],{"class":243},[39,162100,8911],{"class":247},[39,162102,244],{"class":243},[39,162104,61],{"class":53},[39,162106,255],{"class":243},[39,162108,10021],{"class":247},[39,162110,244],{"class":243},[39,162112,3262],{"class":53},[39,162114,162115,162117,162119,162121,162123,162125,162127,162129,162131,162133,162135,162137,162139],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162116,812],{"class":45},[39,162118,50],{"class":49},[39,162120,3249],{"class":53},[39,162122,244],{"class":243},[39,162124,12492],{"class":247},[39,162126,244],{"class":243},[39,162128,61],{"class":53},[39,162130,8918],{"class":57},[39,162132,61],{"class":53},[39,162134,255],{"class":243},[39,162136,15643],{"class":247},[39,162138,244],{"class":243},[39,162140,3262],{"class":53},[39,162142,162143],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,162144,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162146,162147,162149,162151,162153,162155,162157,162159,162161,162163,162165],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,162148,12814],{"class":45},[39,162150,50],{"class":49},[39,162152,8783],{"class":2523},[39,162154,101],{"class":53},[39,162156,63981],{"class":112},[39,162158,101],{"class":53},[39,162160,16536],{"class":97},[39,162162,61],{"class":53},[39,162164,3510],{"class":97},[39,162166,1026],{"class":53},[39,162168,162169,162171,162173,162175],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,162170,113],{"class":112},[39,162172,101],{"class":53},[39,162174,16920],{"class":97},[39,162176,80],{"class":53},[20,162178,458],{},[30,162180,162182],{"className":32,"code":162181,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"{'name': 'Ana', 'age': 25, 'city': 'Lima'}\n",[15,162183,162184],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162185,162186,162188,162190,162192,162194,162196,162198,162200,162202,162204,162206,162208,162210,162212,162214,162216,162218,162220,162222,162224,162226,162228,162230],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162187,8890],{"class":53},[39,162189,629],{"class":243},[39,162191,7285],{"class":247},[39,162193,629],{"class":243},[39,162195,145],{"class":53},[39,162197,2920],{"class":243},[39,162199,12492],{"class":247},[39,162201,629],{"class":243},[39,162203,61],{"class":53},[39,162205,2920],{"class":243},[39,162207,8911],{"class":247},[39,162209,629],{"class":243},[39,162211,145],{"class":53},[39,162213,8918],{"class":57},[39,162215,61],{"class":53},[39,162217,2920],{"class":243},[39,162219,10021],{"class":247},[39,162221,629],{"class":243},[39,162223,145],{"class":53},[39,162225,2920],{"class":243},[39,162227,15643],{"class":247},[39,162229,629],{"class":243},[39,162231,8921],{"class":53},[20,162233,162234,162235,94],{},"If you want more dictionary examples, see ",[173,162236,30700],{"href":30699},[223,162238,162240],{"id":162239},"a-zip-object-is-consumed-after-use","A zip object is consumed after use",[20,162242,162243],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After you loop over it once, it is exhausted.",[30,162245,162247],{"className":32,"code":162246,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\npairs = zip(names, scores)\n\nprint(list(pairs))\nprint(list(pairs))\n",[15,162248,162249,162273,162289,162293,162311,162315,162329],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162250,162251,162253,162255,162257,162259,162261,162263,162265,162267,162269,162271],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162252,4618],{"class":45},[39,162254,50],{"class":49},[39,162256,3249],{"class":53},[39,162258,244],{"class":243},[39,162260,12492],{"class":247},[39,162262,244],{"class":243},[39,162264,61],{"class":53},[39,162266,255],{"class":243},[39,162268,35555],{"class":247},[39,162270,244],{"class":243},[39,162272,3262],{"class":53},[39,162274,162275,162277,162279,162281,162283,162285,162287],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162276,675],{"class":45},[39,162278,50],{"class":49},[39,162280,3249],{"class":53},[39,162282,13112],{"class":57},[39,162284,61],{"class":53},[39,162286,13117],{"class":57},[39,162288,3262],{"class":53},[39,162290,162291],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,162292,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162294,162295,162297,162299,162301,162303,162305,162307,162309],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,162296,8828],{"class":45},[39,162298,50],{"class":49},[39,162300,161024],{"class":112},[39,162302,101],{"class":53},[39,162304,4662],{"class":97},[39,162306,61],{"class":53},[39,162308,714],{"class":97},[39,162310,80],{"class":53},[39,162312,162313],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,162314,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162316,162317,162319,162321,162323,162325,162327],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,162318,113],{"class":112},[39,162320,101],{"class":53},[39,162322,7710],{"class":2523},[39,162324,101],{"class":53},[39,162326,8874],{"class":97},[39,162328,1026],{"class":53},[39,162330,162331,162333,162335,162337,162339,162341],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,162332,113],{"class":112},[39,162334,101],{"class":53},[39,162336,7710],{"class":2523},[39,162338,101],{"class":53},[39,162340,8874],{"class":97},[39,162342,1026],{"class":53},[20,162344,458],{},[30,162346,162348],{"className":32,"code":162347,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"[('Ana', 90), ('Ben', 85)]\n[]\n",[15,162349,162350,162380],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162351,162352,162354,162356,162358,162360,162362,162364,162366,162368,162370,162372,162374,162376,162378],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162353,21352],{"class":53},[39,162355,629],{"class":243},[39,162357,12492],{"class":247},[39,162359,629],{"class":243},[39,162361,61],{"class":53},[39,162363,19511],{"class":57},[39,162365,8846],{"class":53},[39,162367,54],{"class":53},[39,162369,629],{"class":243},[39,162371,35555],{"class":247},[39,162373,629],{"class":243},[39,162375,61],{"class":53},[39,162377,13117],{"class":57},[39,162379,8861],{"class":53},[39,162381,162382],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162383,37908],{"class":53},[20,162385,162386],{},"If you need the data again, convert it to a list first or create a new zip object.",[20,162388,162389,162390,94],{},"For a deeper explanation, see ",[173,162391,4758],{"href":5202},[134,162393,643],{"id":642},[20,162395,162396,162397,94],{},"Here are some simple ways beginners use ",[15,162398,63911],{},[223,162400,162402],{"id":162401},"loop-through-names-and-scores-together","Loop through names and scores together",[30,162404,162406],{"className":32,"code":162405,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\", \"Cara\"]\nscores = [90, 85, 88]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(f\"{name}: {score}\")\n",[15,162407,162408,162440,162460,162464,162488],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162409,162410,162412,162414,162416,162418,162420,162422,162424,162426,162428,162430,162432,162434,162436,162438],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162411,4618],{"class":45},[39,162413,50],{"class":49},[39,162415,3249],{"class":53},[39,162417,244],{"class":243},[39,162419,12492],{"class":247},[39,162421,244],{"class":243},[39,162423,61],{"class":53},[39,162425,255],{"class":243},[39,162427,35555],{"class":247},[39,162429,244],{"class":243},[39,162431,61],{"class":53},[39,162433,255],{"class":243},[39,162435,35564],{"class":247},[39,162437,244],{"class":243},[39,162439,3262],{"class":53},[39,162441,162442,162444,162446,162448,162450,162452,162454,162456,162458],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162443,675],{"class":45},[39,162445,50],{"class":49},[39,162447,3249],{"class":53},[39,162449,13112],{"class":57},[39,162451,61],{"class":53},[39,162453,13117],{"class":57},[39,162455,61],{"class":53},[39,162457,28532],{"class":57},[39,162459,3262],{"class":53},[39,162461,162462],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,162463,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162465,162466,162468,162470,162472,162474,162476,162478,162480,162482,162484,162486],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,162467,5574],{"class":572},[39,162469,35606],{"class":45},[39,162471,61],{"class":53},[39,162473,4728],{"class":45},[39,162475,1128],{"class":572},[39,162477,161024],{"class":112},[39,162479,101],{"class":53},[39,162481,4662],{"class":97},[39,162483,61],{"class":53},[39,162485,714],{"class":97},[39,162487,7958],{"class":53},[39,162489,162490,162492,162494,162496,162498,162500,162502,162504,162506,162508,162510,162512,162514],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,162491,603],{"class":112},[39,162493,101],{"class":53},[39,162495,21906],{"class":1689},[39,162497,244],{"class":247},[39,162499,8890],{"class":57},[39,162501,7285],{"class":97},[39,162503,21915],{"class":57},[39,162505,21918],{"class":247},[39,162507,8890],{"class":57},[39,162509,85110],{"class":97},[39,162511,21915],{"class":57},[39,162513,244],{"class":247},[39,162515,80],{"class":53},[223,162517,162519],{"id":162518},"combine-keys-and-values-into-a-dictionary","Combine keys and values into a dictionary",[30,162521,162523],{"className":32,"code":162522,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"keys = [\"id\", \"name\", \"active\"]\nvalues = [101, \"Ana\", True]\n\ndata = dict(zip(keys, values))\nprint(data)\n",[15,162524,162525,162557,162581,162585,162607],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162526,162527,162529,162531,162533,162535,162537,162539,162541,162543,162545,162547,162549,162551,162553,162555],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162528,16855],{"class":45},[39,162530,50],{"class":49},[39,162532,3249],{"class":53},[39,162534,244],{"class":243},[39,162536,12261],{"class":247},[39,162538,244],{"class":243},[39,162540,61],{"class":53},[39,162542,255],{"class":243},[39,162544,7285],{"class":247},[39,162546,244],{"class":243},[39,162548,61],{"class":53},[39,162550,255],{"class":243},[39,162552,15433],{"class":247},[39,162554,244],{"class":243},[39,162556,3262],{"class":53},[39,162558,162559,162561,162563,162565,162567,162569,162571,162573,162575,162577,162579],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162560,812],{"class":45},[39,162562,50],{"class":49},[39,162564,3249],{"class":53},[39,162566,46198],{"class":57},[39,162568,61],{"class":53},[39,162570,255],{"class":243},[39,162572,12492],{"class":247},[39,162574,244],{"class":243},[39,162576,61],{"class":53},[39,162578,3541],{"class":3477},[39,162580,3262],{"class":53},[39,162582,162583],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,162584,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162586,162587,162589,162591,162593,162595,162597,162599,162601,162603,162605],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,162588,8778],{"class":45},[39,162590,50],{"class":49},[39,162592,8783],{"class":2523},[39,162594,101],{"class":53},[39,162596,63981],{"class":112},[39,162598,101],{"class":53},[39,162600,16536],{"class":97},[39,162602,61],{"class":53},[39,162604,3510],{"class":97},[39,162606,1026],{"class":53},[39,162608,162609,162611,162613,162615],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,162610,113],{"class":112},[39,162612,101],{"class":53},[39,162614,8817],{"class":97},[39,162616,80],{"class":53},[223,162618,162620],{"id":162619},"compare-two-lists-item-by-item","Compare two lists item by item",[30,162622,162624],{"className":32,"code":162623,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"list1 = [10, 20, 30]\nlist2 = [10, 25, 30]\n\nfor a, b in zip(list1, list2):\n    print(a == b)\n",[15,162625,162626,162646,162666,162670,162695],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162627,162628,162630,162632,162634,162636,162638,162640,162642,162644],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162629,80248],{"class":45},[39,162631,50],{"class":49},[39,162633,3249],{"class":53},[39,162635,682],{"class":57},[39,162637,61],{"class":53},[39,162639,687],{"class":57},[39,162641,61],{"class":53},[39,162643,697],{"class":57},[39,162645,3262],{"class":53},[39,162647,162648,162650,162652,162654,162656,162658,162660,162662,162664],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162649,80269],{"class":45},[39,162651,50],{"class":49},[39,162653,3249],{"class":53},[39,162655,682],{"class":57},[39,162657,61],{"class":53},[39,162659,8918],{"class":57},[39,162661,61],{"class":53},[39,162663,697],{"class":57},[39,162665,3262],{"class":53},[39,162667,162668],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,162669,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162671,162672,162674,162676,162678,162681,162683,162685,162687,162689,162691,162693],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,162673,5574],{"class":572},[39,162675,56489],{"class":45},[39,162677,61],{"class":53},[39,162679,162680],{"class":45}," b ",[39,162682,1128],{"class":572},[39,162684,161024],{"class":112},[39,162686,101],{"class":53},[39,162688,111336],{"class":97},[39,162690,61],{"class":53},[39,162692,80312],{"class":97},[39,162694,7958],{"class":53},[39,162696,162697,162699,162701,162703,162705,162707],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,162698,603],{"class":112},[39,162700,101],{"class":53},[39,162702,2176],{"class":97},[39,162704,4312],{"class":49},[39,162706,2181],{"class":97},[39,162708,80],{"class":53},[20,162710,458],{},[30,162712,162714],{"className":32,"code":162713,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"True\nFalse\nTrue\n",[15,162715,162716,162720,162724],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162717,162718],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162719,3605],{"class":3477},[39,162721,162722],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162723,3666],{"class":3477},[39,162725,162726],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,162727,3605],{"class":3477},[223,162729,162731],{"id":162730},"print-related-values-in-the-same-loop","Print related values in the same loop",[30,162733,162735],{"className":32,"code":162734,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"products = [\"Book\", \"Pen\", \"Bag\"]\nprices = [12.5, 1.2, 25.0]\n\nfor product, price in zip(products, prices):\n    print(f\"{product} costs ${price}\")\n",[15,162736,162737,162772,162795,162799,162826],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162738,162739,162742,162744,162746,162748,162750,162752,162754,162756,162759,162761,162763,162765,162768,162770],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162740,162741],{"class":45},"products ",[39,162743,50],{"class":49},[39,162745,3249],{"class":53},[39,162747,244],{"class":243},[39,162749,24752],{"class":247},[39,162751,244],{"class":243},[39,162753,61],{"class":53},[39,162755,255],{"class":243},[39,162757,162758],{"class":247},"Pen",[39,162760,244],{"class":243},[39,162762,61],{"class":53},[39,162764,255],{"class":243},[39,162766,162767],{"class":247},"Bag",[39,162769,244],{"class":243},[39,162771,3262],{"class":53},[39,162773,162774,162776,162778,162780,162783,162785,162788,162790,162793],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162775,82638],{"class":45},[39,162777,50],{"class":49},[39,162779,3249],{"class":53},[39,162781,162782],{"class":57},"12.5",[39,162784,61],{"class":53},[39,162786,162787],{"class":57}," 1.2",[39,162789,61],{"class":53},[39,162791,162792],{"class":57}," 25.0",[39,162794,3262],{"class":53},[39,162796,162797],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,162798,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162800,162801,162803,162805,162807,162810,162812,162814,162816,162819,162821,162824],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,162802,5574],{"class":572},[39,162804,24813],{"class":45},[39,162806,61],{"class":53},[39,162808,162809],{"class":45}," price ",[39,162811,1128],{"class":572},[39,162813,161024],{"class":112},[39,162815,101],{"class":53},[39,162817,162818],{"class":97},"products",[39,162820,61],{"class":53},[39,162822,162823],{"class":97}," prices",[39,162825,7958],{"class":53},[39,162827,162828,162830,162832,162834,162836,162838,162840,162842,162845,162847,162849,162851,162853],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,162829,603],{"class":112},[39,162831,101],{"class":53},[39,162833,21906],{"class":1689},[39,162835,244],{"class":247},[39,162837,8890],{"class":57},[39,162839,26621],{"class":97},[39,162841,21915],{"class":57},[39,162843,162844],{"class":247}," costs $",[39,162846,8890],{"class":57},[39,162848,24761],{"class":97},[39,162850,21915],{"class":57},[39,162852,244],{"class":247},[39,162854,80],{"class":53},[20,162856,36215,162857,94],{},[173,162858,162860],{"href":162859},"\u002Fhow-to\u002Fhow-to-use-zip-in-python\u002F","how to use zip in Python",[134,162862,162864,162865],{"id":162863},"common-mistakes-with-zip","Common mistakes with ",[15,162866,63911],{},[223,162868,1030,162870,162872],{"id":162869},"expecting-zip-to-keep-going-to-the-longest-iterable",[15,162871,63911],{}," to keep going to the longest iterable",[20,162874,162875,162877],{},[15,162876,63911],{}," does not do that. It stops at the shortest iterable.",[20,162879,162880],{},"If values seem to be missing, compare the lengths:",[30,162882,162884],{"className":32,"code":162883,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"print(len(list1), len(list2))\n",[15,162885,162886],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162887,162888,162890,162892,162894,162896,162898,162900,162902,162904,162906],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162889,113],{"class":112},[39,162891,101],{"class":53},[39,162893,10775],{"class":112},[39,162895,101],{"class":53},[39,162897,111336],{"class":97},[39,162899,8846],{"class":53},[39,162901,37997],{"class":112},[39,162903,101],{"class":53},[39,162905,80535],{"class":97},[39,162907,1026],{"class":53},[223,162909,162911],{"id":162910},"trying-to-reuse-the-same-zip-object-after-looping-once","Trying to reuse the same zip object after looping once",[20,162913,68427],{},[30,162915,162917],{"className":32,"code":162916,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"pairs = zip([1, 2], [\"a\", \"b\"])\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n\nfor item in pairs:\n    print(item)\n",[15,162918,162919,162955,162959,162972,162982,162986,162998],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,162920,162921,162923,162925,162927,162929,162931,162933,162935,162937,162939,162941,162943,162945,162947,162949,162951,162953],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,162922,8828],{"class":45},[39,162924,50],{"class":49},[39,162926,161024],{"class":112},[39,162928,2608],{"class":53},[39,162930,58],{"class":57},[39,162932,61],{"class":53},[39,162934,64],{"class":57},[39,162936,17674],{"class":53},[39,162938,3249],{"class":53},[39,162940,244],{"class":243},[39,162942,173],{"class":247},[39,162944,244],{"class":243},[39,162946,61],{"class":53},[39,162948,255],{"class":243},[39,162950,1070],{"class":247},[39,162952,244],{"class":243},[39,162954,3513],{"class":53},[39,162956,162957],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,162958,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162960,162961,162963,162965,162967,162970],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,162962,5574],{"class":572},[39,162964,5577],{"class":45},[39,162966,1128],{"class":572},[39,162968,162969],{"class":45}," pairs",[39,162971,598],{"class":53},[39,162973,162974,162976,162978,162980],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,162975,603],{"class":112},[39,162977,101],{"class":53},[39,162979,22922],{"class":97},[39,162981,80],{"class":53},[39,162983,162984],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,162985,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,162987,162988,162990,162992,162994,162996],{"class":41,"line":3028},[39,162989,5574],{"class":572},[39,162991,5577],{"class":45},[39,162993,1128],{"class":572},[39,162995,162969],{"class":45},[39,162997,598],{"class":53},[39,162999,163000,163002,163004,163006],{"class":41,"line":6030},[39,163001,603],{"class":112},[39,163003,101],{"class":53},[39,163005,22922],{"class":97},[39,163007,80],{"class":53},[20,163009,163010],{},"The second loop prints nothing because the zip object has already been used.",[223,163012,163014],{"id":163013},"forgetting-to-unpack-tuple-values-in-a-loop","Forgetting to unpack tuple values in a loop",[20,163016,163017],{},"This is correct:",[30,163019,163021],{"className":32,"code":163020,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"names = [\"Ana\", \"Ben\"]\nscores = [90, 85]\n\nfor name, score in zip(names, scores):\n    print(name, score)\n",[15,163022,163023,163047,163063,163067,163091],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163024,163025,163027,163029,163031,163033,163035,163037,163039,163041,163043,163045],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163026,4618],{"class":45},[39,163028,50],{"class":49},[39,163030,3249],{"class":53},[39,163032,244],{"class":243},[39,163034,12492],{"class":247},[39,163036,244],{"class":243},[39,163038,61],{"class":53},[39,163040,255],{"class":243},[39,163042,35555],{"class":247},[39,163044,244],{"class":243},[39,163046,3262],{"class":53},[39,163048,163049,163051,163053,163055,163057,163059,163061],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,163050,675],{"class":45},[39,163052,50],{"class":49},[39,163054,3249],{"class":53},[39,163056,13112],{"class":57},[39,163058,61],{"class":53},[39,163060,13117],{"class":57},[39,163062,3262],{"class":53},[39,163064,163065],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,163066,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,163068,163069,163071,163073,163075,163077,163079,163081,163083,163085,163087,163089],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,163070,5574],{"class":572},[39,163072,35606],{"class":45},[39,163074,61],{"class":53},[39,163076,4728],{"class":45},[39,163078,1128],{"class":572},[39,163080,161024],{"class":112},[39,163082,101],{"class":53},[39,163084,4662],{"class":97},[39,163086,61],{"class":53},[39,163088,714],{"class":97},[39,163090,7958],{"class":53},[39,163092,163093,163095,163097,163099,163101,163103],{"class":41,"line":897},[39,163094,603],{"class":112},[39,163096,101],{"class":53},[39,163098,7285],{"class":97},[39,163100,61],{"class":53},[39,163102,130447],{"class":97},[39,163104,80],{"class":53},[20,163106,163107],{},"If you use only one variable, you get the whole tuple:",[30,163109,163111],{"className":32,"code":163110,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"for item in zip(names, scores):\n    print(item)\n",[15,163112,163113,163133],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163114,163115,163117,163119,163121,163123,163125,163127,163129,163131],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163116,5574],{"class":572},[39,163118,5577],{"class":45},[39,163120,1128],{"class":572},[39,163122,161024],{"class":112},[39,163124,101],{"class":53},[39,163126,4662],{"class":97},[39,163128,61],{"class":53},[39,163130,714],{"class":97},[39,163132,7958],{"class":53},[39,163134,163135,163137,163139,163141],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,163136,603],{"class":112},[39,163138,101],{"class":53},[39,163140,22922],{"class":97},[39,163142,80],{"class":53},[20,163144,458],{},[30,163146,163148],{"className":32,"code":163147,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},"('Ana', 90)\n('Ben', 85)\n",[15,163149,163150,163166],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163151,163152,163154,163156,163158,163160,163162,163164],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163153,101],{"class":53},[39,163155,629],{"class":243},[39,163157,12492],{"class":247},[39,163159,629],{"class":243},[39,163161,61],{"class":53},[39,163163,19511],{"class":57},[39,163165,80],{"class":53},[39,163167,163168,163170,163172,163174,163176,163178,163180],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,163169,101],{"class":53},[39,163171,629],{"class":243},[39,163173,35555],{"class":247},[39,163175,629],{"class":243},[39,163177,61],{"class":53},[39,163179,13117],{"class":57},[39,163181,80],{"class":53},[20,163183,163184],{},"Both forms are valid, but they do different things.",[223,163186,948,163188,163190,163191],{"id":163187},"using-zip-when-you-actually-need-indexes-with-enumerate",[15,163189,63911],{}," when you actually need indexes with ",[15,163192,35364],{},[20,163194,128,163195,163197],{},[15,163196,63911],{}," when you want values from multiple iterables.",[20,163199,128,163200,163202],{},[15,163201,35364],{}," when you need a counter or index.",[30,163204,163205],{"className":32,"code":35532,"language":34,"meta":35,"style":35},[15,163206,163207,163239,163243,163263],{"__ignoreMap":35},[39,163208,163209,163211,163213,163215,163217,163219,163221,163223,163225,163227,163229,163231,163233,163235,163237],{"class":41,"line":42},[39,163210,4618],{"class":45},[39,163212,50],{"class":49},[39,163214,3249],{"class":53},[39,163216,244],{"class":243},[39,163218,12492],{"class":247},[39,163220,244],{"class":243},[39,163222,61],{"class":53},[39,163224,255],{"class":243},[39,163226,35555],{"class":247},[39,163228,244],{"class":243},[39,163230,61],{"class":53},[39,163232,255],{"class":243},[39,163234,35564],{"class":247},[39,163236,244],{"class":243},[39,163238,3262],{"class":53},[39,163240,163241],{"class":41,"line":83},[39,163242,421],{"emptyLinePlaceholder":420},[39,163244,163245,163247,163249,163251,163253,163255,163257,163259,163261],{"class":41,"line":109},[39,163246,5574],{"class":572},[39,163248,35436],{"class":45},[39,163250,61],{"class":53},[39,163252,35583],{"class":45},[39,163254,1128],{"class":572},[39,163256,35446],{"class":112},[39,163258,101],{"class":53},[39,163260,4662],{"class":97},[39,163262,7958],{"class":53},[39,163264,163265,163267,163269,163271,163273,163275],{"class":41,"line":447},[39,163266,603],{"class":112},[39,163268,101],{"class":53},[39,163270,1431],{"class":97},[39,163272,61],{"class":53},[39,163274,35606],{"class":97},[39,163276,80],{"class":53},[20,163278,163279,163280,94],{},"If that pattern is what you need, read ",[173,163281,3202,163282,3135],{"href":91613},[15,163283,35364],{},[134,163285,1454],{"id":1453},[223,163287,1458,163289,1461],{"id":163288},"what-does-zip-return-in-python",[15,163290,63911],{},[20,163292,163293],{},"It returns a zip object, which is an iterator that produces tuples of matched items.",[223,163295,1468,163297,163299],{"id":163296},"does-zip-work-with-different-lengths",[15,163298,63911],{}," work with different lengths?",[20,163301,163302],{},"Yes, but it stops when the shortest iterable runs out of items.",[223,163304,163306,163307,929],{"id":163305},"how-do-i-see-the-values-from-zip","How do I see the values from ",[15,163308,63911],{},[20,163310,163311,163312,94],{},"Loop over it or convert it with ",[15,163313,161919],{},[223,163315,163317,163318,929],{"id":163316},"can-i-make-a-dictionary-with-zip","Can I make a dictionary with ",[15,163319,63911],{},[20,163321,127813,163322,163324],{},[15,163323,162072],{}," when one iterable has keys and the other has values.",[223,163326,163328],{"id":163327},"why-is-my-zip-object-empty-the-second-time","Why is my zip object empty the second time?",[20,163330,163331],{},"A zip object is an iterator. After it has been used once, it is exhausted.",[134,163333,1514],{"id":1513},[147,163335,163336,163341,163347,163351,163355],{},[150,163337,163338],{},[173,163339,163340],{"href":162859},"How to use zip in Python",[150,163342,163343],{},[173,163344,3202,163345,3135],{"href":91613},[15,163346,35364],{},[150,163348,163349],{},[173,163350,4833],{"href":5202},[150,163352,163353],{},[173,163354,69280],{"href":69203},[150,163356,163357],{},[173,163358,31874],{"href":30699},[1550,163360,163361],{},"html pre.shiki code .su5hD, html code.shiki .su5hD{--shiki-light:#90A4AE;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .smGrS, html code.shiki .smGrS{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .sP7_E, html code.shiki .sP7_E{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html pre.shiki code .sjJ54, html code.shiki .sjJ54{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .s_sjI, html code.shiki .s_sjI{--shiki-light:#91B859;--shiki-default:#032F62;--shiki-dark:#9ECBFF}html pre.shiki code .srdBf, html code.shiki .srdBf{--shiki-light:#F76D47;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sVHd0, html code.shiki .sVHd0{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-light-font-style:italic;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-default-font-style:inherit;--shiki-dark:#F97583;--shiki-dark-font-style:inherit}html pre.shiki code .sptTA, html code.shiki .sptTA{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .slqww, html code.shiki .slqww{--shiki-light:#6182B8;--shiki-default:#24292E;--shiki-dark:#E1E4E8}html .light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html.light .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-light);background: var(--shiki-light-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-light-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-light-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-light-text-decoration);}html .default .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-default);background: var(--shiki-default-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-default-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-default-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-default-text-decoration);}html .dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html.dark .shiki span {color: var(--shiki-dark);background: var(--shiki-dark-bg);font-style: var(--shiki-dark-font-style);font-weight: var(--shiki-dark-font-weight);text-decoration: var(--shiki-dark-text-decoration);}html pre.shiki code .sZMiF, html code.shiki .sZMiF{--shiki-light:#E2931D;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}html pre.shiki code .sbsja, html code.shiki .sbsja{--shiki-light:#9C3EDA;--shiki-default:#D73A49;--shiki-dark:#F97583}html pre.shiki code .s39Yj, html code.shiki .s39Yj{--shiki-light:#39ADB5;--shiki-default:#005CC5;--shiki-dark:#79B8FF}",{"title":35,"searchDepth":83,"depth":83,"links":163363},[163364,163365,163367,163368,163369,163370,163378,163384,163393,163404],{"id":1628,"depth":83,"text":1629},{"id":161083,"depth":83,"text":163366},"What zip() does",{"id":1780,"depth":83,"text":1781},{"id":161476,"depth":83,"text":161477},{"id":161653,"depth":83,"text":161654},{"id":161905,"depth":83,"text":163371,"children":163372},"Converting zip() output",[163373,163375,163377],{"id":161916,"depth":109,"text":163374},"Use list(zip(...))",{"id":162069,"depth":109,"text":163376},"Use dict(zip(keys, values))",{"id":162239,"depth":109,"text":162240},{"id":642,"depth":83,"text":643,"children":163379},[163380,163381,163382,163383],{"id":162401,"depth":109,"text":162402},{"id":162518,"depth":109,"text":162519},{"id":162619,"depth":109,"text":162620},{"id":162730,"depth":109,"text":162731},{"id":162863,"depth":83,"text":163385,"children":163386},"Common mistakes with zip()",[163387,163389,163390,163391],{"id":162869,"depth":109,"text":163388},"Expecting zip() to keep going to the longest iterable",{"id":162910,"depth":109,"text":162911},{"id":163013,"depth":109,"text":163014},{"id":163187,"depth":109,"text":163392},"Using zip() when you actually need indexes with enumerate()",{"id":1453,"depth":83,"text":1454,"children":163394},[163395,163397,163399,163401,163403],{"id":163288,"depth":109,"text":163396},"What does zip() return in Python?",{"id":163296,"depth":109,"text":163398},"Does zip() work with different lengths?",{"id":163305,"depth":109,"text":163400},"How do I see the values from zip()?",{"id":163316,"depth":109,"text":163402},"Can I make a dictionary with zip()?",{"id":163327,"depth":109,"text":163328},{"id":1513,"depth":83,"text":1514},"Master python zip function explained in our comprehensive Python beginner guide.",{},"\u002Freference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained",{"title":160925,"description":163405},"reference\u002Fpython-zip-function-explained","ZunBvxBXnO_OOhvHVmM9GY-KSTXZ7twigdvzrnPWr4U",1776945068835]